330:
415:) was sent to Egypt. While Nur al-Din manoeuvred to attract the Crusaders' attention away from the expeditionary force, Shirkuh and his men crossed the Kingdom of Jerusalem and entered Egypt. This intervention was a momentous event in the history of the Fatimid regime and Egypt: enfeebled by the constant civil wars, the country now became a prize in the contest between Damascus and Jerusalem, a process that would end with the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate itself by Saladin in 1171.
1918:
380:. Dirgham attempted to thwart his rival's plans by opening negotiations with Nur al-Din for an alliance against the Crusaders, but the Syrian ruler's reply was non-committal, and on his way to Egypt, Dirgham's envoy was arrested by the Crusaders, possibly on the instigation of Nur al-Din himself. Dirgham also faced domestic challenges, as many of the
396:
In the winter of 1163/64, King
Amalric invaded Egypt with the intention of occupying the country. Dirgham preferred to negotiate with Amalric, offering him a peace treaty guaranteed by the surrender of hostages, and the payment of an annual tribute. In the meantime, however, Shawar and Nur al-Din had
295:
from the western oases, and overthrew and killed Ruzzik and became vizier himself in
January 1163. Despite his own ties to Ruzzik, like many other commanders Dirgham chose to join Shawar once the latter's victory became inevitable, and was rewarded with the second most powerful position in the state,
116:
when the latter rebelled against Ruzzik and seized the vizierate. Nine months later, Dirgham betrayed Shawar as well and expelled him from the capital, becoming vizier himself on 31 August 1163. Amidst yet another
Crusader invasion in 1164, Dirgham clashed with Shawar, who had gained the support of
418:
Dirgham appealed to
Amalric for help, but the King of Jerusalem was unable to intervene in time: in late April 1164, the Syrians surprised and defeated Dirgham's brother Mulham at Bilbays, opening the way to Cairo. On the news of the battle, a panic broke out in the capital of Egypt. Desperate for
356:
corps as their commander, emerged as its leader. Shawar reportedly suspected something and made
Dirgham swear repeated oaths of obedience and loyalty, but in August 1163, clashes broke out. Two of Shawar's sons may have been killed and the oldest, Tayy, was captured (and later executed), forcing
438:
Shawar, restored to the vizierate, quickly fell out with
Shirkuh, and a complicated series of conflicts between Shawar, Shirkuh, and Amalric followed until 1169, when Shawar was executed and replaced as vizier by Shirkuh. When the latter died three months later, he was succeeded by his nephew,
384:
commanders envied him and themselves made contact with Shawar. Dirgham set an ambush and killed seventy of them, including many of their followers. While this secured his position for a time, it also deprived him of able officers, thus weakening the
Fatimid army. His execution by
427:, but the caliph turned him away and advised him to save his life. More and more of his troops defected, until he was left with thirty men. He then fled Cairo, accompanied by the curses of the populace, while Shirkuh's army was entering the capital. He was overtaken near
431:, however, dragged from his horse and killed (July/August 1154, other sources give the month as May/June), followed soon by his brothers. His head was severed and paraded in public, while his corpse was left unburied for several days, before being taken to a burial at
171:
emphasize his equestrian and martial skills, being an expert in handling both the spear and the bow; as well as his penmanship and ability as a poet and as a literary critic. Dirgham had three brothers, Humam (later awarded the
347:
Shawar was borne to success by his fellow
Bedouin, and as a reward he not only gave them Ruzzik's wealth, but also allowed them free rein to raid the eastern Nile Delta, where the estates of the military tax-farmers
248:, second in rank only to the vizier). As Tala'i resumed a more aggressive stance against the Crusaders, Dirgham led expeditions against them in 1157 and 1158, and scored a victory against them on 9 March 1158 at
1678:
352:), which were supporting a large part of the Fatimid army, were located. As a result, a large part of the military turned against Shawar, and Dirgham, who had the backing of the
419:
funds to pay his men, Dirgham confiscated the possessions of orphans, thereby provoking a public outcry against him. His troops began deserting him, including the entire
1950:
1041:
361:("the Victorious King"). According to al-Maqrizi, as vizier Dirgham was greatly influenced by his brothers Humam (who also took Dirgham's former title of
1841:
886:
432:
1005:
1453:
84:
1955:
1440:
1436:
1960:
1445:
1970:
271:
that had been promised by Ruzzik's father. Dirgham led the forces mustered to oppose the invasion, but was defeated and retreated to
1708:
1022:
1016:
879:
1028:
1886:
1713:
820:
743:
1703:
1560:
774:
1921:
1673:
1089:
1065:
1010:
1945:
1061:
872:
724:
224:
Dirgham appears to have been a close ally of Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, who made him commander of a new military corps, the
1965:
1698:
942:
263:
In 1161, Tala'i was assassinated and was succeeded by his son Ruzzik. In
September 1162, the King of Jerusalem
1975:
1855:
1683:
1233:
1107:
1078:
279:. After Amalric withdrew to Palestine, Dirgham helped suppress another revolt in the Gharbiyya (the western
221:
in 1154. Abandoned to its fate, Ascalon, the last
Fatimid stronghold in the Levant, fell on 22 August 1153.
1668:
1000:
917:
94:. An excellent warrior and model cavalier, he rose to higher command and scored some successes against the
1658:
1550:
1283:
1218:
1167:
393:
also cost him whatever good will he initially had, so that he could only rely on his personal entourage.
324:
1860:
1836:
1693:
1458:
1198:
842:
207:
102:
56:
1876:
1848:
1616:
1248:
1123:
1047:
972:
927:
912:
1663:
1405:
121:. Deserted by most of his troops, Dirgham was killed sometime in May–August 1164 by Shawar's army.
1779:
1718:
904:
1421:
1293:
1238:
1118:
1055:
957:
809:
Kalifen und Assassinen: Ägypten und der vordere Orient zur Zeit der ersten Kreuzzüge, 1074–1171
377:
264:
198:
He is first mentioned in the sources in 1153, as part of an expedition to relieve the city of
1826:
1621:
1478:
1288:
1159:
1112:
1094:
937:
424:
210:
275:. He was able to block Amalric's advance by breaching the dikes of the Nile, which was then
1940:
1881:
1766:
1688:
1626:
1604:
1303:
1298:
1278:
1213:
1177:
1155:
1127:
813:
Caliphs and Assassins: Egypt and the Near East at the Time of the First Crusades, 1074–1171
397:
allied themselves—Shawar reportedly offered to hand over one third of the annual land tax (
229:
218:
109:
105:
98:
206:
by the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The expedition was led by Abbas, the stepson of the
8:
1896:
1816:
1368:
1258:
947:
357:
Shawar to flee Cairo. On 31 August 1163, Dirgham was appointed vizier with the title of
1901:
1791:
1609:
1377:
1363:
1268:
738:. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
217:
where he killed his stepfather and took over the vizierate until himself overthrown by
135:
1741:
1425:
1397:
895:
846:
816:
792:
788:
739:
720:
91:
45:
1463:
1393:
1383:
1353:
1273:
1172:
1140:
1083:
922:
784:
757:
203:
1801:
983:
164:
76:
1831:
1253:
952:
932:
769:
765:
101:
as well as against internal rebellions. Despite his close personal ties to the
329:
1934:
1648:
1597:
1569:
1565:
1535:
1488:
1349:
1343:
1135:
796:
761:
753:
373:
249:
1891:
1811:
1806:
1521:
1504:
1228:
864:
244:
1821:
1784:
1762:
1736:
1653:
1483:
386:
276:
257:
1587:
1473:
804:
390:
280:
252:. In 1159, along with Ruzzik, he suppressed the rebellion of Bahram at
168:
1411:
1373:
1102:
1035:
234:
95:
1401:
1357:
1263:
1223:
1150:
1146:
1072:
967:
962:
369:
199:
1514:
1339:
1323:
1318:
1208:
977:
412:
408:
292:
272:
268:
152:
148:
118:
1917:
1774:
1509:
1468:
1387:
1308:
856:
835:
428:
399:
334:
284:
113:
34:
629:
238:), and quickly rose in the court hierarchy to the position of
1796:
1638:
1592:
1555:
1415:
1243:
404:
253:
214:
174:
160:
156:
130:
423:
corps. Left with only 500 horsemen, he appeared before the
514:
288:
692:
680:
641:
526:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
658:
656:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
90:) was an Arab military commander in the service of the
73:
Abu'l-Ashbāl al-Ḍirghām ibn ʿĀmir ibn Sawwār al-Lukhamī
607:
605:
603:
601:
550:
538:
617:
668:
653:
449:
403:) revenue to Nur al-Din—and a Syrian army under the
598:
586:
574:
562:
242:(deputy to the powerful post of grand chamberlain,
303:During his career, Dirgham received the honorific
1932:
372:, where he sought the aid of the Sunni ruler of
213:; Abbas abandoned the campaign and returned to
147:possibly indicate descent from the pre-Islamic
1951:12th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
880:
894:
887:
873:
775:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1454:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
783:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 317–319.
291:, also rose in revolt, raised an army of
186:, "Defender of the Muslims"), and Husam (
328:
81:أبو الأشبال ضرغام بن عامر بن سوار اللخمي
714:
520:
228:. He even instructed the vizier's son,
1933:
815:] (in German). Munich: C.H. Beck.
752:
623:
532:
508:
1887:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
868:
733:
698:
686:
674:
662:
647:
635:
611:
592:
580:
568:
803:
556:
544:
182:, "Defender of the Faith"), Mulham (
80:
13:
1956:12th-century Arabic-language poets
14:
1987:
1961:Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate
851:31 August 1163 – May/August 1164
283:) province. Soon after, however,
163:. The accounts of the historians
1971:Viziers of the Fatimid Caliphate
1916:
789:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1874
719:. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.
717:The Fatimid Vizierate (979-1172)
368:In the meantime, Shawar fled to
1714:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
193:
1704:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
1699:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
311:("Knight of the Muslims") and
1:
1856:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
1108:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
1068:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
1001:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
442:
338:
1669:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
1173:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
411:(accompanied by his nephew,
318:
31:May/June or July/August 1164
7:
1659:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
1168:Crusader invasions of Egypt
943:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
325:Crusader invasions of Egypt
267:invaded Egypt to claim the
10:
1992:
1837:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
1684:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
1459:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
1234:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
715:al-Imad, Leila S. (1990).
708:
322:
315:("Sun of the Caliphate").
232:, in knightly activities (
1914:
1877:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
1869:
1761:
1754:
1727:
1637:
1580:
1543:
1534:
1497:
1435:
1332:
1249:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
1197:
1188:
1095:Bedouin alliance uprising
993:
903:
853:
840:
832:
638:, pp. 270, 278, 288.
190:, "Glory of the Faith").
62:
51:
41:
27:
20:
1946:12th-century Arab people
1966:Muslims of the Crusades
1870:Literature and learning
1861:Shrine of Husayn's Head
1780:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
1719:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
1694:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
1048:Conquest of Egypt (969)
734:Brett, Michael (2017).
124:
1849:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
1581:Branches and offshoots
1294:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
1239:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
973:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
958:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
928:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
344:
1827:Fatimid Great Palaces
1664:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
1479:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
1289:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
1284:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
1113:Mustansirite Hardship
1052:Expansion into Syria
1023:2nd invasion of Egypt
1017:1st invasion of Egypt
968:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
963:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
938:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
918:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
333:Political map of the
332:
323:Further information:
211:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
117:Syrian troops led by
1976:Yemeni Sunni Muslims
1279:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
1178:Battle of the Blacks
978:al-Adid li-Din Allah
523:, pp. 170, 196.
99:Kingdom of Jerusalem
55:Military commander,
1897:al-Azhar University
1259:al-Afdal Shahanshah
1090:Muffarij b. Daghfal
1042:Conquest of Morocco
1029:2nd Sicilian revolt
1011:1st Sicilian revolt
948:al-Mustansir Billah
701:, pp. 290–291.
689:, pp. 289–290.
650:, pp. 288–289.
559:, pp. 229–232.
547:, pp. 234–240.
535:, pp. 318–319.
389:of the governor of
1902:House of Knowledge
1269:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
953:al-Musta'li Billah
736:The Fatimid Empire
359:al-Malik al-Manṣūr
345:
287:, the governor of
66:before 1153 – 1164
1928:
1927:
1910:
1909:
1882:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
1750:
1749:
1742:Baghdad Manifesto
1689:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
1674:Abu Hatim al-Razi
1530:
1529:
1369:Sharifs of Medina
1304:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
1299:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
1214:Ya'qub ibn Killis
1149:and accession of
896:Fatimid Caliphate
863:
862:
854:Succeeded by
847:Fatimid Caliphate
822:978-3-406-66163-1
745:978-0-7486-4076-8
363:Fāris al-Muslimīn
309:Fāris al-Muslimīn
219:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
184:Nāṣir al-Muslimīn
155:. He was born in
110:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
106:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
92:Fatimid Caliphate
70:
69:
63:Years active
46:Fatimid Caliphate
1983:
1920:
1759:
1758:
1541:
1540:
1364:Sharifs of Mecca
1333:Vassal dynasties
1274:Bahram al-Armani
1195:
1194:
1141:Siege of Ascalon
923:al-Mansur Billah
889:
882:
875:
866:
865:
833:Preceded by
830:
829:
826:
800:
749:
730:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
343:
340:
313:Shams al-Khilāfa
133:origin, and his
89:
88: 1153–1164
86:
82:
18:
17:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1906:
1865:
1842:Portable mihrab
1802:Al-Hakim Mosque
1746:
1729:
1723:
1642:and theologians
1641:
1633:
1576:
1526:
1493:
1443:
1431:
1328:
1201:
1190:
1184:
989:
913:al-Mahdi Billah
899:
893:
859:
850:
838:
823:
746:
727:
711:
706:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
654:
646:
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
563:
555:
551:
543:
539:
531:
527:
519:
515:
507:
450:
445:
425:caliphal palace
341:
327:
321:
196:
165:Umara al-Yamani
129:Dirgham was of
127:
87:
37:
32:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1832:Juyushi Mosque
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1771:
1769:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1347:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Badr al-Jamali
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:Struggle with
1069:
1059:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
990:
988:
987:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
933:al-Aziz Billah
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:
901:
900:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
861:
860:
855:
852:
839:
834:
828:
827:
821:
801:
754:Canard, Marius
750:
744:
731:
725:
710:
707:
704:
703:
691:
679:
677:, p. 294.
667:
665:, p. 289.
652:
640:
628:
626:, p. 317.
616:
614:, p. 288.
597:
595:, p. 287.
585:
583:, p. 285.
573:
571:, p. 269.
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
511:, p. 318.
447:
446:
444:
441:
320:
317:
204:being besieged
195:
192:
126:
123:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
33:
29:
25:
24:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1988:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:Hamdan Qarmat
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:Hamza ibn Ali
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1489:Qadi al-Fadil
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:First Crusade
1134:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:Uprisings of
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:Rebellion of
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Establishment
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
992:
986:
985:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
906:
902:
897:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
867:
858:
849:
848:
844:
837:
831:
824:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
741:
737:
732:
728:
726:3-922968-82-1
722:
718:
713:
712:
700:
695:
688:
683:
676:
671:
664:
659:
657:
649:
644:
637:
632:
625:
620:
613:
608:
606:
604:
602:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
558:
553:
546:
541:
534:
529:
522:
517:
510:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
448:
440:
436:
434:
433:Birkat al-Fil
430:
426:
422:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
394:
392:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
365:) and Husam.
364:
360:
355:
351:
336:
331:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
250:Tell el-Ajjul
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
122:
120:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
78:
74:
65:
61:
58:
54:
52:Occupation(s)
50:
47:
44:
40:
36:
30:
26:
19:
16:
1892:al-Musabbihi
1812:Bab al-Futuh
1807:Aqmar Mosque
1767:architecture
1728:Anti-Fatimid
1639:Missionaries
1522:Fatimid navy
1505:Fatimid army
1313:
1229:Sitt al-Mulk
1191:and military
1056:Alexandretta
982:
905:Imam-Caliphs
841:
812:
808:
780:
773:
735:
716:
694:
682:
670:
643:
631:
619:
588:
576:
564:
552:
540:
528:
521:al-Imad 1990
516:
437:
420:
417:
398:
395:
381:
367:
362:
358:
353:
349:
346:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:ṣāḥib al-bāb
297:
262:
245:ṣāḥib al-bāb
243:
240:nāʾib al-bāb
239:
233:
225:
223:
202:, which was
197:
194:Early career
188:Fakhr al-Dīn
187:
183:
180:Nāṣir al-Dīn
179:
173:
144:
140:
134:
128:
112:, he joined
108:and his son
72:
71:
15:
1941:1164 deaths
1822:Bab Zuweila
1817:Bab al-Nasr
1785:Skifa Kahla
1737:Akhu Muhsin
1654:Ibn Hawshab
1561:Esotericism
1484:al-Basasiri
1202:and regents
805:Halm, Heinz
770:Schacht, J.
766:Pellat, Ch.
758:"Ḍirg̲h̲ām"
624:Canard 1965
533:Canard 1965
509:Canard 1965
387:crucifixion
342: 1165
258:Upper Egypt
145:al-Mundhirī
42:Nationality
1935:Categories
1679:Abu Tammam
1588:Qarmatians
1536:Isma'ilism
1474:Manjutakin
1189:Government
1145:Regime of
1117:Revolt of
1101:Revolt of
779:Volume II:
699:Brett 2017
687:Brett 2017
675:Brett 2017
663:Brett 2017
648:Brett 2017
636:Brett 2017
612:Brett 2017
593:Brett 2017
581:Brett 2017
569:Brett 2017
443:References
421:Rayhaniyya
407:commander
391:Alexandria
378:Nur al-Din
281:Nile Delta
169:al-Maqrizi
159:and was a
1792:Mansuriya
1610:Assassins
1544:Doctrines
1441:governors
1437:Officials
1412:Banu Kanz
1398:Hamdanids
1394:Sulayhids
1384:Mirdasids
1378:Palestine
1374:Jarrahids
1354:Hammadids
1219:Ibn Ammar
1103:Abu Rakwa
1075:(974–978)
1044:(958–960)
1038:(943–947)
1036:Abu Yazid
1031:(937–941)
1025:(919–921)
1019:(914–915)
1013:(913–917)
797:495469475
762:Lewis, B.
557:Halm 2014
545:Halm 2014
439:Saladin.
319:Vizierate
265:Amalric I
235:furūsiyya
151:kings of
141:al-Lakhmī
1730:movement
1709:Abdallah
1617:Musta'li
1498:Military
1446:generals
1402:Zurayids
1358:Ifriqiya
1264:Kutayfat
1224:Barjawan
1151:al-Hafiz
1147:Kutayfat
1124:Musta'li
1073:Alptakin
807:(2014).
772:(eds.).
756:(1965).
382:Barqiyya
370:Damascus
354:Barqiyya
350:muqṭāʿūn
296:that of
277:in flood
226:Barqiyya
96:Crusader
1775:Mahdiya
1755:Culture
1622:Tayyibi
1551:Imamate
1515:Ghilman
1340:Kalbids
1324:Saladin
1319:Shirkuh
1314:Dirgham
1209:Jawdhar
1199:Viziers
1160:Tayyibi
994:History
984:Dynasty
845:of the
709:Sources
413:Saladin
409:Shirkuh
405:Kurdish
293:Bedouin
273:Bilbays
269:tribute
200:Ascalon
153:al-Hira
149:Lakhmid
119:Shirkuh
103:viziers
22:Dirgham
1627:Hafizi
1605:Nizari
1510:Kutama
1469:Bakjur
1464:Jawhar
1426:Multan
1400:, and
1388:Aleppo
1350:Zirids
1344:Sicily
1309:Shawar
1162:schism
1156:Hafizi
1130:schism
1128:Nizari
1084:Apamea
1079:Aleppo
898:topics
857:Shawar
843:Vizier
836:Shawar
819:
795:
768:&
742:
723:
429:Fustat
400:kharāj
335:Levant
305:laqabs
285:Shawar
230:Ruzzik
208:vizier
136:nisbas
114:Shawar
77:Arabic
57:vizier
35:Fustat
1922:Media
1797:Cairo
1593:Druze
1570:Zahir
1566:Batin
1556:Hujja
1416:Nubia
1406:Yemen
1244:Rasad
1119:Nizar
1058:(971)
811:[
760:. In
374:Syria
254:Atfih
215:Cairo
175:laqab
161:Sunni
157:Yemen
1765:and
1568:and
1444:and
1422:Lodi
1352:and
1064:and
817:ISBN
793:OCLC
740:ISBN
721:ISBN
167:and
143:and
131:Arab
125:Life
28:Died
1763:Art
1066:2nd
1062:1st
785:doi
781:C–G
337:in
307:of
289:Qus
256:in
178:of
139:of
85:fl.
83:) (
1937::
1439:,
1396:,
791:.
777:.
764:;
655:^
600:^
451:^
435:.
376:,
339:c.
300:.
260:.
79::
1428:)
1424:(
1418:)
1414:(
1408:)
1404:(
1390:)
1386:(
1380:)
1376:(
1360:)
1356:(
1346:)
1342:(
1158:–
1126:–
888:e
881:t
874:v
825:.
799:.
787::
748:.
729:.
348:(
75:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.