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397:. Amr declared the dove's nest as a sign from God, and the tent was left untouched as he and his troops went off to battle. When they returned victorious, Amr told his soldiers to pitch their tents around his, giving his new capital city its name, Miṣr al-Fusṭāṭ, or Fusṭāṭ Miṣr, popularly translated as "City of the tents", though this is not an exact translation.
943:
Lapidus, p. 52. "In general, Arabic became the language of written communication in administration, literature, and religion. Arabic also became the primary spoken dialect in the western parts of the Middle East – Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia and Iraq – where languages close to Arabic, such as
Aramaic,
772:
It is believed that further archaeological digs could yield substantial rewards, considering that the remains of the original city are still preserved under hundreds of years of rubbish. Some archaeological excavations have taken place, the paths of streets are still visible, and some buildings have
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were in power from the 13th century to the 16th century, the area of Fustat was used as a rubbish dump, though it still maintained a population of thousands, with the primary crafts being those of pottery and trash-collecting. The layers of garbage accumulated over hundreds of years, and gradually
672:
After the destruction of Fustat, the Syrian forces arrived and successfully repelled
Amalric's forces. Then with the Christians gone, the Syrians were able to conquer Egypt themselves. The untrustworthy Shawar was put to death, and the reign of the Fatimids was effectively over. The Syrian general
555:
in
Tunisia to Al Qahira. But Cairo was not intended as a center of government at the time—it was used primarily as the royal enclosure for the Caliph and his court and army, while Fustat remained the capital in terms of economic and administrative power. The city thrived and grew, and in 987, the
400:
The word Miṣr was an ancient
Semitic root designating Egypt, but in Arabic also has the meaning of a large city or metropolis (or, as a verb, "to civilize"), so the name Miṣr al-Fusṭāṭ could mean "Metropolis of the Tent". Fusṭāṭ Miṣr would mean "The Pavilion of Egypt". Egyptians to this day call
655:
Shawar ordered that Fustat be evacuated. He forced to leave their money and property behind and flee for their lives with their children. In the panic and chaos of the exodus, the fleeing crowd looked like a massive army of ghosts.... Some took refuge in the mosques and bathhouses...awaiting a
460:
The early population of the city was composed almost entirely of soldiers and their families, and the layout of the city was similar to that of a garrison. Amr intended for Fustat to serve as a base from which to conquer North Africa, as well as to launch further campaigns against
Byzantium. It
596:, and one of the wealthiest cities in the world. One report stated that it paid taxes that were equivalent to US$ 150,000 per day, to the administration of Caliph al-Mu'izz. Modern archaeological digs have turned up trade artefacts from as far away as Spain, China, and
684:
With Fustat no more than a dying suburb, the center of government moved permanently to nearby Cairo. Saladin later attempted to unite Cairo and Fustat into one city by enclosing them in massive walls, although this proved to be largely unsuccessful.
628:
from Syria. Shawar managed this by constantly shifting alliances between the two, playing them against each other, and in effect keeping them in a stalemate where neither army could successfully attack Egypt without being blocked by the other.
769:, is still in use, but has been extensively rebuilt over the centuries, and nothing remains of the original structure. In February 2017 the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation was inaugurated on a site adjacent to the mosque.
600:. Excavations have also revealed intricate house and street plans; a basic unit consisted of rooms built around a central courtyard, with an arcade of arches on one side of the courtyard being the principal means of access.
421:. Though none of the original structure remains, this mosque was the first one built in Egypt, and it was around this location, at the site of the tent of the commander Amr ibn al-As, that the city of Fustat was built.
333:. This conflict was focused not in Egypt, but elsewhere in the Arab world. When the Abbasids gained power, they moved various capitals to more controllable areas. They had established the centre of their caliphate in
636:, who had been trying for years to launch a successful attack on Egypt in order to expand the Crusader territories, had finally achieved a certain amount of success. He and his army entered Egypt, sacked the city of
944:
were already spoken. The spread of Arabic was faster than the diffusion of Islam, but this is not to say that the process was rapid or complete. For example, Coptic was still spoken in Fustat in the 8th century."
587:
wrote of the exotic and beautiful wares in the Fustat markets: iridescent pottery, crystal, and many fruits and flowers, even during the winter months. From 975 to 1075, Fustat was a major production centre for
309:, with few buildings remaining from its days as a capital. Many archaeological digs have revealed the wealth of buried material in the area. Many ancient items recovered from the site are on display in Cairo's
563:
The city was known for its prosperity, with shaded streets, gardens, and markets. It contained high-rise residential buildings, some seven storeys tall, which could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people.
502:
Plate with Bird Motif, 11th century. Archaeological digs have found many kilns and ceramic fragments in Fustat, and it was likely an important production location for
Islamic ceramics during the Fatimid
1231:
640:, slaughtered nearly all of its inhabitants, and then continued on towards Fustat. Amalric and his troops camped just south of the city, and then sent a message to the young Egyptian caliph
282:
The city reached its peak in the 12th century, with a population of approximately 200,000. It was the centre of administrative power in Egypt, until it was ordered burnt in 1168 by its own
660:
pots and 10,000 lighting bombs and distributed them throughout the city. Flames and smoke engulfed the city and rose to the sky in a terrifying scene. The blaze raged for 54 days....
765:, from the 9th century, which was built while the capital was in al-Qatta'i. The first mosque ever built in Egypt (and by extension, one of the first mosques built in Africa), the
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353:. This lasted only until 905, when al-Qatta'i was destroyed and the capital was returned to Fustat. The city again lost its status as capital city when its own vizier,
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captured the region, this launched a new era when Egypt was the centre of its own power. Gawhar founded a new city just north of Fustat on August 8, 969, naming it
302:
conquered the region and created a new city as a royal enclosure for the Caliph. The area fell into disrepair for hundreds of years and was used as a rubbish dump.
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668:
Indian textile fragment, circa 1545–1645, found in Fustat. Old, discarded textile fragments, are commonly found in the area, preserved in the dry climate of Egypt.
576:
in the early 11th century described some of them rising up to 14 stories, with roof gardens on the top storey complete with ox-drawn water wheels for irrigation.
515:
from 660 to 750. However, Egypt was considered only a province of larger powers, and was ruled by governors who were appointed from other Muslim centres such as
1727:
1241:
624:. He had been involved in extensive political intrigue for years, working to repel the advances of both the Christian Crusaders, and the forces of the
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Seeing that
Amalric's attack was imminent, Shawar ordered Fustat city burned, to keep it out of Amalric's hands. According to the Egyptian historian
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Cairo "Miṣr", or, colloquially, Maṣr, even though this is properly the name of the whole country of Egypt. The country's first mosque, the
1406:
Mason, Robert B. (1995). "New Looks at Old Pots: Results of Recent
Multidisciplinary Studies of Glazed Ceramics from the Islamic World".
341:. Similar moves were made throughout the new dynasty. In Egypt, they moved the capital from Fustat slightly north to the Abbasid city of
425:
For thousands of years, the capital of Egypt was moved with different cultures through multiple locations up and down the Nile, such as
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and Roman mercenaries. Arabic was generally the primary spoken dialect in Egypt, and was the language of written communication.
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for approximately 500 years. After the city's founding in 641, its authority was uninterrupted until 750, when the
527:. Fustat was a major city, and in the 9th century, it had a population of approximately 120,000. But when General
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were absorbed into the growing city of Cairo. Some of the old buildings remain visible in the region known as "
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Fustat Glass of the Early
Islamic Period: Finds Excavated by the American Research Center in Egypt, 1964–1980
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been partially reconstructed to waist-height. Some artifacts that have been recovered can be seen in Cairo's
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Shirkuh was placed in power, but died due to ill health just a few months later, after which his nephew
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coast. This situation remained stable for nearly a thousand years. After the army of the
Arabian Caliph
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Fustat Finds: Beads, Coins, Medical Instruments, Textiles, and Other Artifacts from the Awad Collection
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Fustat was the centre of power in Egypt under the Umayyad dynasty, which had started with the rule of
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According to legend, the location of Fustat was chosen by a bird: A dove laid an egg in the tent of
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went to Egypt and settled in Fustat, where he gained much renown as a physician, practising in the
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476:, around the central mosque and administrative buildings. The majority of the settlers came from
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402:
457:, the commander of the conquering army, founded a new capital on the eastern bank of the river.
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Worman, Ernest (October 1905). "Notes on the Jews in Fustāt from Cambridge Genizah Documents".
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Since it lacks the article on the word Miṣr it would not be "The Pavilion of the Metropolis".
620:, but his position was primarily ceremonial. The true power in Egypt was that of the vizier,
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Mason, Robert B.; Keall, Edward J. (1990). "Petrography of Islamic pottery from Fustat".
762:
434:
349:
took control in 868, the Egyptian capital moved briefly to another nearby northern city,
696:
and in that of his vizier Ḳaḍi al-Faḍil al-Baisami, and Saladin's successors. The title
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704:(Head of the Nation or of the Faith), was bestowed upon him. In Fustat, he wrote his
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754:", but much of the rest has fallen into disrepair, overgrown with weeds or used as
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Today, little remains of the grandeur of the old city. The three capitals, Fustat,
716:. Some of his writings were later discovered among the manuscript fragments in the
625:
556:
geographer Ibn Hawkal wrote that al-Fustat was approximately one third the size of
394:
322:
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the population decreased, leaving what had once been a thriving city a wasteland.
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1232:"9 stunning photos of the newly opened National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation"
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2014:
1909:
1886:
644:, only 18 years old, to surrender the city or suffer the same fate as Bilbeis.
453:, he wanted to establish a new capital. When Alexandria fell in September 641,
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conquered Egypt around 331 BC, the capital became the city named for him,
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2114:
1985:
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Scanlon, George T. (1974). "The Pits of Fustat: Problems of Chronology".
589:
248:
963:
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2019:
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689:
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608:
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357:, ordered its burning in 1168, fearing it might fall into the hands of
1582:
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Christian onslaught similar to the one in Bilbeis. Shawar sent 20,000
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1996:
1934:
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751:
512:
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137:
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captured the region in the 7th century, shortly after the death of
405:, was later built in 642 on the same site of the commander's tent.
342:
338:
291:
2033:
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1967:
1914:
1790:
1616:"In Fragments from Fustat, Glimpses of a Cosmopolitan Old Cairo."
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569:
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326:
1602:
Stewart, W. A. (July 1921). "The Pottery of Fostat, Old Cairo".
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664:
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1309:"Historic Cairo – rehabilitation of Cairo's historic monuments"
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621:
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528:
520:
481:
354:
287:
283:
276:
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In the mid-12th century, the caliph of Egypt was the teenager
298:, which had been built to the north of Fustat in 969 when the
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1962:
1775:
1745:
1691:
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remained the primary base for Arab expansion in Africa until
366:
305:
Today, the ruins of Fustat lie within the modern district of
295:
294:. The remains of the city were eventually absorbed by nearby
268:
252:
2039:
761:
The oldest-remaining building from the area is probably the
2838:
2048:
485:
446:
337:, moving the capital from its previous Umayyad location at
1735:
1562:. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 60: 60–78.
1028:
677:
became vizier of Egypt on March 2, 1169, launching the
1518:
Fustat on the Nile: The Jewish Elite in Medieval Egypt
1034:
290:, to keep its wealth out of the hands of the invading
16:
First capital of Egypt under Muslim rule, in Old Cairo
1537:
Al-Fusṭāṭ, its foundation and early urban development
1539:. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press.
1109:
389:
in 641. His camp at that time was just north of the
234:
3846:
Populated places disestablished in the 12th century
1185:. Boston: Shambhala Productions. pp. 163–165.
1553:
1496:
1470:
1449:
1114:
1583:Scanlon, George T.; Pinder-Wilson, Ralph (2001).
1515:
433:, depending on which dynasty was in power. After
345:, which remained the capital until 868. When the
3817:
1447:
1408:Muqarnas: Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture
1205:
956:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
255:. It was built adjacent to what is now known as
3836:Populated places established in the 7th century
1473:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
1180:
819:
492:was still spoken in Fustat in the 8th century.
365:. The capital of Egypt was ultimately moved to
1601:
1208:Song Blue and White Porcelain on the Silk Road
903:
480:, with the next largest grouping from western
472:Fustat developed as a series of tribal areas,
2215:
1721:
1306:
1002:
1262:
1148:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
1618:Aramco World. Volume 67 (1), pp. 4–9.
1346:. Dorlin Kindersley Limited, London. 2007.
560:. By 1168, it had a population of 200,000.
2222:
2208:
1728:
1714:
1210:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 431.
1144:
1142:
1105:
1103:
1068:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 11.
996:
786:
603:
1452:The Art and Architecture of Islamic Cairo
1256:
1064:Barghusen, Joan D.; Moulder, Bob (2001).
976:
853:
267:immediately after the Muslim conquest of
1604:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
1428:
1293:Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious
1117:God's War: a new history of the Crusades
1003:Beeson, Irene (September–October 1969).
663:
607:
494:
412:
1139:
1100:
3818:
1534:
1501:. American University in Cairo Press.
1475:. American University in Cairo Press.
1149:Zayn Bilkadi (January–February 1995).
1066:Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Cairo
930:
928:
926:
568:in the 10th century described them as
385:, just before he was to march against
251:, and the historical centre of modern
48:A drawing of Fustat, from Rappoport's
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2882:
2723:
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2203:
1709:
1632:
1405:
1321:
881:
879:
877:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
632:However, in 1168, the Christian King
3798:
1633:
1295:(Princeton University Press, 1971).
1013:. pp. 24, 26–30. Archived from
826:. Harvard University Press. p.
329:dynasty staged a revolt against the
3788:
1556:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
923:
316:
224:
36:Capital of Egypt, 641–750, 905–1168
13:
1490:
1431:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
958:. Vol. 27. pp. 165–184.
874:
795:
547:), and in 971, the Fatimid Caliph
14:
3892:
3169:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
372:
3866:Former populated places in Egypt
3797:
3787:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3026:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2229:
2038:
2032:
1587:. Altajir World of Islam Trust.
1159:. pp. 20–27. Archived from
737:
612:The ruins of Fustat in Old Cairo
408:
76:
69:
42:
3510:Identification card controversy
1433:. London; New York: Routledge.
1326:. London; New York: Routledge.
1324:The Experience of Ancient Egypt
1285:
1271:from the original on 2014-12-02
1224:
1199:
1174:
1091:
1082:
1057:
1035:Doris Behrens-Abouseif (1992).
985:from the original on 2020-06-29
981:. Encyclopaedia of the Orient.
970:
947:
937:
2416:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
1392:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
1379:. Cambridge University Press.
1377:A History of Islamic Societies
1240:. Feb 21, 2017. Archived from
914:
897:
888:
844:
813:
77:
1:
2724:
1456:. Garnet & Ithaca Press.
1414:. Brill Academic Publishers.
1037:Islamic Architecture in Cairo
780:
3043:Twin towns and sister cities
2883:
2555:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
1822:City of the Dead (al-Qarafa)
1307:Antoniou, Jim (March 1998).
271:in AD 641, and featured the
90:Historical location in Egypt
7:
3571:Vehicle registration plates
3249:
3225:Water supply and sanitation
3060:
2243:
1497:Bacharach, Jere L. (2004).
1471:Williams, Caroline (2002).
713:The Guide for the Perplexed
235:
10:
3897:
3230:Water resources management
1535:Kubiak, Wladyslaw (1987).
1516:Barekeet, Elinoar (1999).
3763:
3589:
3261:
3257:
3244:
3125:Impact on the environment
3115:Entrepreneurship policies
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1976:
1943:
1895:
1756:
1744:
1736:Districts and suburbs of
1688:
1679:
1671:
1661:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1448:Yeomans, Richard (2006).
1429:Petersen, Andrew (1999).
1206:Kessler, Adam T. (2012).
511:, and headed the Islamic
383:Muslim conqueror of Egypt
206:
201:
191:
183:
173:
163:
153:
143:
133:
98:
64:
56:
41:
34:
24:
3881:Muslim conquest of Egypt
3876:Former capitals of Egypt
3856:Medieval cities of Egypt
2896:Administrative divisions
2572:2011 Egyptian revolution
2513:1952 Egyptian revolution
2309:Lighthouse of Alexandria
1375:Lapidus, Ira M. (1988).
1343:Eyewitness Travel: Egypt
1183:The Wisdom of Maimonides
1181:Hoffman, Edward (2008).
820:AlSayyad, Nezar (2011).
3100:Egyptian stock exchange
1614:Toler, Pamela D. 2016.
1364:(Vintage Books, 1994).
1322:David, Rosalie (2000).
907:Jewish Quarterly Review
604:Destruction and decline
419:Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
361:, king of the Crusader
3431:International rankings
2436:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
1390:Maalouf, Amin (1984).
669:
662:
634:Amalric I of Jerusalem
613:
504:
422:
3036:Terrorism and tourism
2494:1948 Arab–Israeli War
2326:Library of Alexandria
2152:Shubra El Kheima city
1610:(220): 11–13 + 16–18.
1291:Abu-Lughod, Janet L.
1005:"Cairo, a Millennial"
934:Petersen (1999) p. 91
810:Petersen (1999) p. 44
775:Museum of Islamic Art
726:, located in Fustat.
667:
653:
611:
551:moved his court from
498:
416:
311:Museum of Islamic Art
118:30.00500°N 31.23750°E
3747:World Heritage Sites
3566:Units of measurement
3021:Proposed new capital
2767:Environmental issues
2528:United Arab Republic
2421:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2155:Qalyubia Governorate
1314:Architectural Review
1267:. egyptvoyager.com.
1121:. Belknap. pp.
1111:Tyerman, Christopher
1097:Maalouf, pp. 159–161
1088:Mason (1995) pp. 5–7
363:Kingdom of Jerusalem
3861:Arabic architecture
3419:Freedom of religion
3314:Mass sexual assault
2679:Timekeeping devices
2577:2013 Rabaa massacre
2550:Egyptian–Libyan War
1244:on December 3, 2020
763:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
722:(storeroom) of the
435:Alexander the Great
114: /
3841:641 establishments
3826:Districts of Cairo
3609:Art (contemporary)
3289:Capital punishment
3179:Telecommunications
2856:Towns and villages
2824:Qattara Depression
2637:Muslim Brotherhood
2607:Cigarette industry
2467:British occupation
2378:Crusader invasions
2348:Rashidun Caliphate
1362:In an Antique Land
1263:Alison Gascoigne.
1156:Saudi Aramco World
1010:Saudi Aramco World
885:David (2000) p. 59
724:Ben Ezra Synagogue
670:
614:
505:
484:, along with some
423:
207: • Total
145:Rashidun Caliphate
123:30.00500; 31.23750
19:Place in Old Cairo
3811:
3810:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3683:Football stadiums
3614:Botanical gardens
3493:Catholic dioceses
3385:Gender inequality
3309:Human trafficking
3240:
3239:
3174:Tallest buildings
3135:Military industry
3051:
3050:
2992:Political parties
2945:Islamic extremism
2933:Foreign relations
2874:
2873:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2455:French occupation
2373:Fatimid Caliphate
2368:Ikhshidid dynasty
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2146:
2145:
2028:
2027:
1749:Cairo Governorate
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1689:Succeeded by
1662:Succeeded by
1394:. Al Saqi Books.
1353:978-0-7566-2875-8
1217:978-90-04-21859-8
1192:978-1-590-30517-1
1151:"The Oil Weapons"
1132:978-0-674-02387-1
694:family of Saladin
233:
214:
213:
175:Fatimid Caliphate
165:Abbasid Caliphate
155:Umayyad Caliphate
134:Currently part of
59:City of the Tents
3888:
3831:History of Cairo
3801:
3800:
3791:
3790:
3781:
3771:
3770:
3576:Waste management
3341:Academic grading
3259:
3258:
3246:
3245:
3218:Railway stations
3196:Cultural tourism
3095:Economic regions
3057:
3056:
2880:
2879:
2721:
2720:
2390:Mamluk Sultanate
2321:Diocese of Egypt
2304:Battle of Actium
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2167:Shubra El Kheima
2160:
2159:
2057:
2056:
2052:Giza Governorate
2042:
2036:
2008:Fifth Settlement
1786:Al-Darb al-Ahmar
1754:
1753:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1682:Capital of Egypt
1672:Preceded by
1655:Capital of Egypt
1645:Preceded by
1642:
1641:
1634:Capital of Egypt
1630:
1629:
1611:
1598:
1579:
1550:
1531:
1512:
1486:
1467:
1455:
1444:
1425:
1357:
1337:
1318:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1120:
1107:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1041:Brill Publishers
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
974:
968:
967:
951:
945:
941:
935:
932:
921:
918:
912:
911:
910:. pp. 1–39.
901:
895:
892:
886:
883:
872:
866:
851:
848:
842:
841:
817:
811:
808:
793:
790:
323:capital of Egypt
317:Egyptian capital
279:built in Egypt.
245:capital of Egypt
243:, was the first
238:
228:
226:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
80:
79:
73:
50:History of Egypt
46:
22:
21:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3751:
3742:Public holidays
3732:National anthem
3585:
3498:Coptic Churches
3441:Egyptian Arabic
3351:Medical schools
3253:
3236:
3152:Nuclear program
3064:
3047:
2977:Nationality law
2970:Supreme Council
2955:Law enforcement
2887:
2870:
2846:Sinai Peninsula
2829:Red Sea Riviera
2728:
2707:
2683:
2585:
2472:1919 revolution
2460:Revolt of Cairo
2385:Ayyubid dynasty
2363:Tulunid dynasty
2247:
2234:
2228:
2198:
2189:
2171:
2142:
2119:
2096:
2078:
2043:
2037:
2024:
1972:
1939:
1891:
1827:Manshiyat Naser
1740:
1734:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1667:
1658:
1650:
1635:
1595:
1568:10.2307/3856171
1547:
1528:
1509:
1493:
1491:Further reading
1483:
1464:
1441:
1422:
1360:Ghosh, Amitav,
1354:
1340:
1334:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1265:"Islamic Cairo"
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1001:
997:
988:
986:
977:Kjeilin, Tore.
975:
971:
952:
948:
942:
938:
933:
924:
919:
915:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
875:
867:
854:
849:
845:
838:
818:
814:
809:
796:
792:Williams, p. 37
791:
787:
783:
740:
606:
585:Nasir-i-Khusron
465:was founded in
411:
381:(585–664), the
379:'Amr ibn al-'As
375:
347:Tulunid dynasty
321:Fustat was the
319:
265:'Amr ibn al-'As
263:Muslim general
196:'Amr ibn al-'As
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
105:
103:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
81:
60:
57:Nickname:
52:
37:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3785:
3775:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3678:Football clubs
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Animal welfare
3271:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3157:Power stations
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Egyptian pound
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3009:Prime Minister
3006:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:Northern coast
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Yom Kippur War
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2133:6th of October
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2015:New Heliopolis
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Downtown Cairo
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1599:
1593:
1580:
1551:
1545:
1532:
1526:
1513:
1507:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1468:
1462:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1403:
1388:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1338:
1332:
1319:
1304:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1255:
1223:
1216:
1198:
1191:
1173:
1138:
1131:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1056:
1049:
1027:
995:
969:
946:
936:
922:
920:Lapidus, p. 41
913:
896:
887:
873:
852:
850:Yeomans, p. 15
843:
837:978-0674047860
836:
812:
794:
784:
782:
779:
739:
736:
605:
602:
410:
407:
374:
373:Origin of name
371:
318:
315:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
167:
161:
160:
157:
151:
150:
147:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
96:
95:
89:
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
28:
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3893:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3814:
3804:
3796:
3794:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Art (ancient)
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Blasphemy law
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:Sign Language
3449:
3447:
3446:Saʽidi Arabic
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3083:National Bank
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
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2409:Ottoman Egypt
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2178:
2177:Newly planned
2174:
2168:
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2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2136:
2134:
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2125:Newly planned
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2018:
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2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1994:
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1989:
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1981:
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1978:Newly planned
1975:
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1956:
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1950:
1948:
1946:
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1933:
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1925:Islamic Cairo
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1738:Greater Cairo
1731:
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1594:1-901435-07-5
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1548:
1546:977-424-168-1
1542:
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1533:
1529:
1527:90-04-10168-3
1523:
1519:
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1510:
1508:977-424-393-5
1504:
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1482:977-424-695-0
1478:
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1465:
1463:1-85964-154-7
1459:
1454:
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1442:
1440:0-415-21332-0
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1421:90-04-10314-7
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1400:0-8052-0898-4
1397:
1393:
1389:
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1385:0-521-22552-3
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1371:
1370:0-679-72783-3
1367:
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1333:0-415-03263-6
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1301:0-691-03085-5
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1188:
1184:
1177:
1163:on 2011-06-09
1162:
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1077:
1075:0-8225-3221-2
1071:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1050:90-04-09626-4
1046:
1043:. p. 6.
1042:
1038:
1031:
1017:on 2007-09-30
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
999:
984:
980:
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861:
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825:
824:
816:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
789:
785:
778:
776:
770:
768:
767:Mosque of Amr
764:
759:
757:
756:garbage dumps
753:
749:
745:
738:Modern Fustat
735:
732:
727:
725:
721:
720:
715:
714:
709:
708:
707:Mishneh Torah
703:
699:
698:Ra'is al-Umma
695:
691:
686:
682:
680:
676:
666:
661:
659:
652:
651:(1346–1442):
650:
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635:
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627:
623:
619:
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601:
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582:
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574:Nasir Khusraw
571:
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487:
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458:
456:
455:Amr ibn al-As
452:
448:
444:
443:Mediterranean
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
415:
409:Early history
406:
404:
403:Mosque of Amr
398:
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392:
388:
384:
380:
370:
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364:
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132:
127:
99:Coordinates:
97:
72:
63:
55:
51:
45:
40:
33:
23:
3813:
3629:Coat of arms
3599:Architecture
3488:Christianity
3468:Prostitution
3414:Human rights
3373:Abaza family
3361:Universities
3326:Demographics
3279:Billionaires
2923:Constitution
2918:Conscription
2901:Governorates
2782:Halfaya Pass
2652:1954–present
2612:Constitution
2567:2010s Crisis
2479:World War II
2441:Urabi revolt
2358:Islamization
2352:
2292:31st Dynasty
2287:27th Dynasty
2176:
2138:Sheikh Zayed
2124:
2101:
2083:
1995:
1977:
1944:
1919:
1905:Coptic Cairo
1896:
1880:Rod El Farag
1862:
1858:El Sakkakini
1845:Rhoda Island
1843:
1814:
1795:
1680:
1653:
1607:
1603:
1584:
1559:
1555:
1536:
1517:
1498:
1472:
1451:
1430:
1411:
1407:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1342:
1323:
1312:
1292:
1286:Bibliography
1273:. Retrieved
1258:
1248:December 27,
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1235:
1226:
1207:
1201:
1182:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1154:
1116:
1093:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1036:
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1008:
998:
987:. Retrieved
972:
955:
949:
939:
916:
905:
899:
890:
868:
846:
822:
815:
788:
771:
760:
741:
728:
717:
711:
705:
701:
697:
687:
683:
671:
654:
646:
631:
615:
578:
566:Al-Muqaddasi
562:
553:al-Mansuriya
540:
506:
473:
471:
459:
424:
399:
393:fortress of
376:
320:
304:
281:
275:, the first
240:
216:
215:
49:
3793:WikiProject
3554:Scientology
3424:LGBT rights
3346:Law schools
3130:Lighthouses
3073:Agriculture
2802:Mount Sinai
2762:Earthquakes
2562:Mubarak era
2533:Six-Day War
2523:Suez Crisis
2518:Land reform
2265:Prehistoric
2115:Mohandessin
1953:Garden City
1930:El Matareya
1808:15th of May
1237:Cairo Scene
710:(1180) and
590:Islamic art
249:Muslim rule
121: /
3820:Categories
3705:Newspapers
3695:Mass media
3547:Synagogues
3515:Irreligion
3463:Literature
3458:Liberalism
3397:Healthcare
3299:Corruption
2982:Parliament
2913:Corruption
2908:Civil Code
2851:Suez Canal
2809:Nile Delta
2694:Alexandria
2664:Population
2659:Parliament
2627:Healthcare
2508:Nasser era
2282:Achaemenid
2257:Chronology
2084:Historical
2020:El Shorouk
1958:Heliopolis
1897:Historical
1746:Cairo city
1675:al-Qatta'i
1648:Alexandria
1275:2007-08-13
1167:2007-08-09
1021:2007-08-09
989:2007-08-13
869:Eyewitness
781:References
748:al-Qatta'i
729:While the
690:Maimonides
649:al-Maqrizi
626:Nur al-Din
583:traveller
509:Muawiyah I
500:Lustreware
439:Alexandria
387:Alexandria
351:al-Qatta'i
202:Population
192:Founded by
109:31°14′15″E
106:30°00′18″N
3851:Old Cairo
3700:Magazines
3690:Egyptians
3525:Ahmadiyya
3436:Languages
3402:Hospitals
3336:Education
3203:Transport
3162:Aswan Dam
3090:Companies
3031:Terrorism
2997:President
2960:Massacres
2950:Judiciary
2928:Elections
2797:Mountains
2726:Geography
2704:Port Said
2647:1939–1954
2642:1928–1938
2597:Anarchism
2540:Sadat era
2484:Sultanate
2431:Khedivate
2331:Christian
2299:Ptolemaic
2049:Giza city
1997:New Cairo
1935:Old Cairo
1851:El Manial
1839:El Qobbah
1834:Nasr City
1766:Ain Shams
1686:905–1169
1624:895830331
1520:. Brill.
752:Old Cairo
702:al-Millah
681:dynasty.
549:al-Mu'izz
541:Al Qahira
513:caliphate
441:, on the
307:Old Cairo
292:Crusaders
257:Old Cairo
236:al-Fusṭāṭ
230:romanized
138:Old Cairo
3773:Category
3737:Olympics
3673:Football
3505:Hinduism
3473:Religion
3380:Feminism
3368:Families
3331:Diaspora
3294:Censuses
3284:Cannabis
3269:Abortion
3213:Airports
3208:Airlines
3184:Internet
2987:Passport
2965:Military
2938:Missions
2885:Politics
2866:Wildlife
2590:By topic
2503:Republic
2338:Sassanid
2102:Affluent
2069:Mit Okba
2003:El Rehab
1991:Madinaty
1945:Affluent
1875:El Sahel
1816:Mokattam
1803:Massarah
1771:Azbakeya
1761:Abbassia
1665:al-Askar
1659:641–750
1269:Archived
1113:(2006).
983:Archived
979:"Fustat"
964:40000079
871:, p. 124
744:al-Askar
688:In 1166
594:ceramics
572:, while
570:minarets
537:Fatimids
533:Tunisian
517:Damascus
469:in 670.
463:Qayrawan
451:Muhammad
343:al-Askar
339:Damascus
331:Umayyads
300:Fatimids
261:Rashidun
239:), also
225:الفُسطاط
179:969–1168
3803:Commons
3722:Museums
3666:regions
3634:Cuisine
3619:Castles
3591:Culture
3561:Smoking
3542:Judaism
3530:Mosques
3409:Housing
3356:Schools
3262:General
3251:Society
3191:Tourism
3120:Fishing
3078:Banking
3062:Economy
2787:Islands
2777:Geology
2772:Fossils
2757:Deserts
2752:Climate
2742:Borders
2688:By city
2674:Saladin
2622:Genetic
2602:Capital
2489:Kingdom
2404:Ottoman
2270:Ancient
2245:History
2092:Kerdasa
1968:Zamalek
1915:Faggala
1887:Zeitoun
1791:El Marg
1576:3856171
731:Mamluks
679:Ayyubid
675:Saladin
658:naphtha
638:Bilbeis
598:Vietnam
581:Persian
558:Baghdad
535:-based
531:of the
525:Baghdad
503:period.
474:khittas
467:Tunisia
431:Memphis
395:Babylon
359:Amalric
335:Baghdad
327:Abbasid
259:by the
232::
210:200,000
184:Founded
169:750–969
159:661–750
149:641–661
29:الفسطاط
3783:Portal
3624:Cinema
3478:Baháʼí
3392:Health
3140:Mining
3110:Energy
2834:Rivers
2747:Cities
2669:Postal
2450:Modern
2395:Mamluk
2353:Fustat
2343:Muslim
2275:topics
2233:topics
2074:Imbaba
2064:Agouza
1920:Fustat
1870:Shubra
1864:Shubra
1797:Helwan
1622:
1591:
1574:
1543:
1524:
1505:
1479:
1460:
1437:
1418:
1398:
1383:
1368:
1350:
1330:
1299:
1214:
1189:
1129:
1125:–349.
1072:
1047:
962:
834:
719:geniza
622:Shawar
529:Gawhar
523:, and
521:Medina
490:Coptic
482:Arabia
427:Thebes
355:Shawar
288:Shawar
284:vizier
277:mosque
247:under
241:Fostat
221:Arabic
217:Fustat
84:Fustat
26:Fustat
3871:Amṣar
3727:Music
3710:Radio
3651:Films
3581:Women
3535:Niqāb
3520:Islam
3304:Crime
3145:Mines
2861:Wadis
2819:Oases
2792:Lakes
2737:Biota
2699:Cairo
2617:Copts
2426:Nahda
2316:Roman
2231:Egypt
2185:Obour
2110:Dokki
1963:Maadi
1781:Daher
1776:Bulaq
1692:Cairo
1572:JSTOR
960:JSTOR
823:Cairo
642:Athid
618:Athid
545:Cairo
478:Yemen
391:Roman
367:Cairo
296:Cairo
269:Egypt
253:Cairo
3661:list
3656:Flag
3644:Wine
3639:Beer
3319:Rape
3014:list
3002:list
2839:Nile
2632:Jews
1986:Badr
1620:OCLC
1589:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1348:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1250:2020
1212:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1045:ISBN
832:ISBN
746:and
592:and
579:The
486:Jews
447:Umar
429:and
417:The
1564:doi
1412:XII
1123:347
700:or
187:641
3822::
3715:TV
1608:39
1606:.
1570:.
1560:60
1558:.
1410:.
1311:.
1234:.
1153:.
1141:^
1102:^
1039:.
1007:.
925:^
876:^
855:^
830:.
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519:,
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313:.
286:,
227:,
223::
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2216:t
2209:v
1729:e
1722:t
1715:v
1597:.
1578:.
1566::
1549:.
1530:.
1511:.
1485:.
1466:.
1443:.
1424:.
1402:.
1387:.
1372:.
1356:.
1336:.
1317:.
1303:.
1278:.
1252:.
1220:.
1195:.
1170:.
1135:.
1078:.
1053:.
1024:.
992:.
966:.
840:.
543:(
219:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
