Dharma - Knowledge

8305:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 92–93; Quote – "In Indian literature, especially in Mahabharata over and over again is heard the energetic cry – Each is alone. None belongs to anyone else, we are all but strangers to strangers; (...), none knows the other, the self belongs only to self. Man is born alone, alone he lives, alone he dies, alone he tastes the fruit of his deeds and his ways, it is only his work that bears him company. (...) Our body and spiritual organism is ever changing; what belongs, then, to us? (...) Thus, too, there is really no teacher or leader for anyone, each is his own Guru, and must go along the road to happiness alone. Only the self is the friend of man, only the self is the foe of man; from others nothing comes to him. Therefore, what must be done is to honor, to assert one's self..."; Quote – "(in parts of the epic), the most thoroughgoing egoism and individualism is stressed..." 97: 111: 8402: 8466: 191: 71: 7850:. There is thus no evidence that IIr. *dharman was a significant culture word during the Indo-Iranian period." (p. 449) "The origin of the concept of dharman rests in its formation. It is a Vedic, rather than an Indo-Iranian word, and a more recent coinage than many other key religious terms of the Vedic tradition. Its meaning derives directly from dhr 'support, uphold, give foundation to' and therefore 'foundation' is a reasonable gloss in most of its attestations." (p. 485). 4469:, according to Van Buitenen, is that which all existing beings must accept and respect to sustain harmony and order in the world. It is neither the act nor the result, but the natural laws that guide the act and create the result to prevent chaos in the world. It is innate characteristic, that makes the being what it is. It is, claims Van Buitenen, the pursuit and execution of one's nature and true calling, thus playing one's role in cosmic concert. In Hinduism, it is the 8329:, pp. 44–45; Quote – "(...)In the Epic, free will has the upper hand. Only when a man's effort is frustrated or when he is overcome with grief does he become a predestinarian (believer in destiny)."; Quote – "This association of success with the doctrine of free will or human effort (purusakara) was felt so clearly that among the ways of bringing about a king's downfall is given the following simple advice: 'Belittle free will to him, and emphasise destiny. 5156: 6014: 979:, but also spiritual maturity, a reverential attitude toward life, and includes the right conduct toward one's parents, siblings and children, the right conduct between husband and wife, and the conduct between biologically unrelated people. This rock inscription, concludes Paul Hacker, suggests dharma in India, about 2300 years ago, was a central concept and meant not only religious ideas, but ideas of right, of good, of one's duty toward the human community. 6553: 85: 355: 126: 5737: 6803: 915: 6942: 4404: 55: 674:, such as that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, law, practice, custom, duty, right, justice, virtue, morality, ethics, religion, religious merit, good works, nature, character, quality, property. Yet, each of these definitions is incomplete, while the combination of these translations does not convey the total sense of the word. In common parlance, 1086: 4849:

accepting gifts from others. The five yama apply in action, speech and mind. In explaining yama, Patanjali clarifies that certain professions and situations may require qualification in conduct. For example, a fisherman must injure a fish, but he must attempt to do this with least trauma to fish and the fisherman must try to injure no other creature as he fishes.

5023:, the life of giving away all property, becoming a recluse and devotion to moksa, spiritual matters. Patrick Olivelle suggests that "ashramas represented life choices rather than sequential steps in the life of a single individual" and the vanaprastha stage was added before renunciation over time, thus forming life stages. 5081:

reaches a full circle. A land with less moral and lawful life suffers distress, and as distress rises it causes more immoral and unlawful life, which further increases distress. Those in power must follow the raja dharma (that is, dharma of rulers), because this enables the society and the individual

4848:

The five yamas, according to Patanjali, are: abstain from injury to all living creatures, abstain from falsehood (satya), abstain from unauthorised appropriation of things-of-value from another (acastrapurvaka), abstain from coveting or sexually cheating on your partner, and abstain from expecting or

4492:

means for a Hindu to "expand the mind". Furthermore, it represents the direct connection between the individual and the societal phenomena that bind the society together. In the way societal phenomena affect the conscience of the individual, similarly may the actions of an individual alter the course

4975:

does not require any varnas. In practice, medieval India is widely believed to be a socially stratified society, with each social strata inheriting a profession and being endogamous. Varna was not absolute in Hindu dharma; individuals had the right to renounce and leave their Varna, as well as their

5113:

related literature (sutras, shastras); four of the sutras survive and these are now referred to as Dharmasutras. Along with laws of Manu in Dharmasutras, exist parallel and different compendium of laws, such as the laws of Narada and other ancient scholars. These different and conflicting law books

5100:

as duty or propriety is found in India's ancient legal and religious texts. Common examples of such use are pitri dharma (meaning a person's duty as a father), putra dharma (a person's duty as a son), raj dharma (a person's duty as a king) and so forth. In Hindu philosophy, justice, social harmony,

5118:

in Hinduism. These Dharmasutras include instructions on education of the young, their rites of passage, customs, religious rites and rituals, marital rights and obligations, death and ancestral rites, laws and administration of justice, crimes, punishments, rules and types of evidence, duties of a

4852:

The five niyamas (observances) are cleanliness by eating pure food and removing impure thoughts (such as arrogance or jealousy or pride), contentment in one's means, meditation and silent reflection regardless of circumstances one faces, study and pursuit of historic knowledge, and devotion of all

4648:

focus on continual renewal and realization of a ritual world through adherence to Vedic injunctions. They assert that the ultimate good is essentially inaccessible to perception and can only be understood through language, reflecting confidence in Vedic injunctions and the reality of language as a

820:

for example, where it becomes the cosmic law that links cause and effect through a subject. Dharma, in these ancient texts, also takes a ritual meaning. The ritual is connected to the cosmic, and "dharmani" is equated to ceremonial devotion to the principles that deities used to create order from

7215:

Trommsdorff, Gisela (2012), Development of "agentic" regulation in cultural context: the role of self and world views, Child Development Perspectives, 6(1), pp. 19–26; Quote – "Neglect of one's duties (dharma – sacred duties toward oneself, the family, the community, and humanity) is seen as an

4747:

at the individual level in the Epics of Hinduism; for example, on free will versus destiny, when and why human beings believe in either, the strong and prosperous naturally uphold free will, while those facing grief or frustration naturally lean towards destiny. The Epics of Hinduism illustrate

4719:. The value and appeal of the Mahabharata, according to Ingalls, is not as much in its complex and rushed presentation of metaphysics in the 12th book. Indian metaphysics, he argues, is more eloquently presented in other Sanskrit scriptures. Instead, the appeal of Mahabharata, like 6600:

in Jainism is found in all its key texts. It has a contextual meaning and refers to a number of ideas. In the broadest sense, it means the teachings of the Jinas, or teachings of any competing spiritual school, a supreme path, socio-religious duty, and that which is the highest

5030:

enables the individual to satisfy the striving for stability and order, a life that is lawful and harmonious, the striving to do the right thing, be good, be virtuous, earn religious merit, be helpful to others, interact successfully with society. The other three strivings are

824:

Past the ritual and cosmic sense of dharma that link the current world to mythical universe, the concept extends to an ethical-social sense that links human beings to each other and to other life forms. It is here that dharma as a concept of law emerges in Hinduism.

808:, then deliver and hold order from disorder, harmony from chaos, stability from instability – actions recited in the Veda with the root of word dharma. In hymns composed after the mythological verses, the word dharma takes expanded meaning as a 4739:, which falls between the two extremes, and who, claims Ingalls, symbolically reveals the finest moral qualities of man. The Epics of Hinduism are a symbolic treatise about life, virtues, customs, morals, ethics, law, and other aspects of 639:, English and French. The concept, claims Paul Horsch, has caused exceptional difficulties for modern commentators and translators. For example, while Grassmann's translation of Rig-Veda identifies seven different meanings of dharma, 1011:

in Rig-veda and later literature means illusion, fraud, deception, magic that misleads and creates disorder, thus is contrary to reality, laws and rules that establish order, predictability and harmony. Paul Horsch suggests Ṛta and

713:

designates human behaviours considered necessary for order of things in the universe, principles that prevent chaos, behaviours and action necessary to all life in nature, society, family as well as at the individual level.

4644:, emphasizes "the desire to know dharma" as the central concern, defining dharma as what connects a person with the highest good, always yet to be realized. While some schools associate dharma with post-mortem existence, 5836:

in Pali) particularly as "the dharma", generally means the teachings of the Buddha, commonly known throughout the East as Buddhadharma. It includes especially the discourses on the fundamental principles (such as the

9193: 209:

into English (or other European languages), it is understood as reference to behaviours which are in harmony with the "order and custom" that sustain life; "virtue", or "religious and moral duties". The antonym of

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in Ramayana. Each episode of Ramayana presents life situations and ethical questions in symbolic terms. The issue is debated by the characters, and finally the right prevails over wrong, the good over evil.

832:, in later Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and the Epics; the word dharma also plays a central role in the literature of other Indian religions founded later, such as Buddhism and Jainism. According to Brereton, 796:

created the universe from chaos, they hold (dhar-) the earth and sun and stars apart, they support (dhar-) the sky away and distinct from earth, and they stabilise (dhar-) the quaking mountains and plains.

4911:

with the help of one's teacher. Second, observing the behaviour and example of good people. The third source applies when neither one's education nor example exemplary conduct is known. In this case, "

6662:

A right believer should constantly meditate on virtues of dharma, like supreme modesty, in order to protect the Self from all contrary dispositions. He should also cover up the shortcomings of others.

8473: 8471: 8469: 7021:: "In Hinduism, dharma is a fundamental concept, referring to the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order." 8407: 8405: 192: 8290:

There is considerable amount of literature on dharma-related discussion in Hindu Epics: of Egoism versus Altruism, Individualism versus Social Virtues and Tradition; for examples, see:

5043:– the striving for spiritual meaning, liberation from life-rebirth cycle, self-realisation in this life, and so forth. The four stages are neither independent nor exclusionary in Hindu 8357: 4585:

continues as universal principle of law, order, harmony, and truth. It acts as the regulatory moral principle of the Universe. It is explained as law of righteousness and equated to

6646:) with referring to ten righteous virtues: forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation, non-attachment, and celibacy. 718:

encompasses ideas such as duty, rights, character, vocation, religion, customs and all behaviour considered appropriate, correct or morally upright. For further context, the word

666:

is "dhr̥", which means "to support, hold, or bear". It is the thing that regulates the course of change by not participating in change, but that principle which remains constant.

5070:– moral and lawful life. In times of distress, of drought, of poverty, everything suffers including relations between human beings and the human ability to live according to 5058:

being necessary for individual and society, is dependent on poverty and prosperity in a society, according to Hindu dharma scriptures. For example, according to Adam Bowles,

11323: 481:, with a range of meanings encompassing "something established or firm" (in the literal sense of prods or poles). Figuratively, it means "sustainer" and "supporter" (of 4465:

includes the religious duties, moral rights and duties of each individual, as well as behaviours that enable social order, right conduct, and those that are virtuous.

8695:

Derrett, J. D. M. (1959), "Bhu-bharana, bhu-palana, bhu-bhojana: an Indian conundrum", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 108–123.

8315:

Ganeri, J. (2010), A Return to the Self: Indians and Greeks on Life as Art and Philosophical Therapy, Royal Institute of Philosophy supplement, 85(66), pp. 119–135.

6847:

movement in Western culture, which has incorporated certain Sikh beliefs, defines Sikh Dharma broadly as all that constitutes religion, moral duty and way of life.

4789:

Dharma from words one speaks or writes: satya (truth and facts), hitavacana (talking with good intention), priyavacana (gentle, kind talk), svadhyaya (self-study)

4458:

and its parts. It refers to the order and customs which make life and universe possible, and includes behaviours, rituals, rules that govern society, and ethics.

5912:

of Buddhism in which practitioners of Buddhism seek refuge, or that upon which one relies for his or her lasting happiness. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are the

689:

depends on the context, and its meaning has evolved as ideas of Hinduism have developed through history. In the earliest texts and ancient myths of Hinduism,

7339: 7726: 5066:

through water. Waters come from rains, it claims; when rains are abundant there is prosperity on the earth, and this prosperity enables people to follow

4611:); Therefore, when a man speaks the Truth, they say, "He speaks the Dharma"; and if he speaks Dharma, they say, "He speaks the Truth!" For both are one. 624:, as the word has a long and varied history and straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations. There is no equivalent single-word synonym for 1020:

are also correlative concepts, the former being that which corrupts law and moral life, the later being that which strengthens law and moral life.

7554:

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymological and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages

7601:, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 423–448; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Horsch, Paul, (1967) "Vom Schoepfungsmythos zum Weltgesetz", 5856:

is regarded variably by different Buddhist traditions. Some regard it as an ultimate truth, or as the fount of all things which lie beyond the "

670:, the widely cited resource for definitions and explanation of Sanskrit words and concepts of Hinduism, offers numerous definitions of the word 5218: 243:—the "order and custom" that makes life and universe possible. This includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and "right way of living". 4792:

Adharma of mind: paradroha (ill will to anyone), paradravyabhipsa (covetousness), nastikya (denial of the existence of morals and religiosity)

8354: 7633:; "...the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order". 7597:

English translated version by Jarrod Whitaker: Horsch, Paul, (December 2004) "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma",

4454:

that applies to human beings in solitude, in their interaction with human beings and nature, as well as between inanimate objects, to all of

4715:, who is told he may not enter paradise with such an animal. Yudhishthira refuses to abandon his companion, for which he is then praised by 10917: 10070: 9347:

Conlon, Frank F. (1994). "Hindu revival and Indian womanhood: The image and status of women in the writings of Vishnubawa Brahamachari".

747:

includes and implies many ideas; in common parlance, adharma means that which is against nature, immoral, unethical, wrong or unlawful.

9985: 4967:

texts and Smritis differ from Manusmriti on the nature and structure of Varnas. Yet, other texts question the very existence of varna.

4780:

Adharma of body: hinsa (violence), steya (steal, theft), pratisiddha maithuna (sexual indulgence with someone other than one's partner)

8196: 4723:, lies in its presentation of a series of moral problems and life situations, where there are usually three answers: one answer is of 4980:

of life, in search of moksa. While neither Manusmriti nor succeeding Smritis of Hinduism ever use the word varnadharma (that is, the

1134: 11012: 4992:

with varna system of India. In 6th century India, even Buddhist kings called themselves "protectors of varnasramadharma" – that is,

4919:

in Hinduism, that is the good person reflects and follows what satisfies his heart, his own inner feeling, what he feels driven to.

11298: 4786:

Adharma from words one speaks or writes: mithya (falsehood), parusa (caustic talk), sucana (calumny) and asambaddha (absurd talk)

3311: 1897: 443:(firm, stable). From this, it takes the meaning of "what is established or firm", and hence "law". It is derived from an older 11303: 11277: 10011: 9865: 9714: 9693: 9595: 9463: 9422: 9379: 9261: 9164: 9137: 9110: 9059: 9038: 9013: 8989: 8956: 8893: 8866: 8683: 8622: 8350: 8174: 8051: 8013: 7968: 7871: 7671: 7561: 7504: 7286: 7151: 7612:, Volume 34, Issue 5, pp. 479–496; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Paul Hacker, (1965) "Dharma im Hinduismus" 5019:

or aranyaka, the life of the forest-dweller, transitioning from worldly occupations to reflection and renunciation, and (4)

678:

means "right way of living" and "path of rightness". Dharma also has connotations of order, and when combined with the word

11328: 7017: 3190: 709:, the meaning became refined, richer, and more complex, and the word was applied to diverse contexts. In certain contexts, 4607:

Nothing is higher than dharma. The weak overcomes the stronger by dharma, as over a king. Truly that dharma is the Truth (

11338: 10027: 8277: 6991: 4676:

costs him dearly. In Hindu Epics, the good, morally upright, law-abiding king is referred to as "dharmaraja". Similarly,

953: 919: 567: 559: 4727:, which represents brute force, an individual angle representing materialism, egoism, and self; the second answer is of 4477:

is the need for, the effect of and essence of service and interconnectedness of all life. This includes duties, rights,

8574:

Kane, P.V. (1962), History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India), Volume 1, pp. 2–10.

5954:

Buddhism obtaining ultimate realisation of the dhamma is achieved in three phases; learning, practising and realising.

5767: 5213: 5170: 4434: 4067: 9884: 9808: 9672: 9444: 9083: 8382: 8302: 8236: 7945: 6583: 6537: 6038: 4864:

is an empirical and experiential inquiry for every man and woman, according to some texts of Hinduism. For example,

1016:

are parallel concepts, the former being a cosmic principle, the latter being of moral social sphere; while Māyā and

7346: 4473:

of the bee to make honey, of cow to give milk, of sun to radiate sunshine, of river to flow. In terms of humanity,

96: 10478: 8525:

Thapar, R. (1995), The first millennium BC in northern India, Recent perspectives of early Indian history, 80–141.

6364: 722:

is often used in its place, defined as dharma specifically related to the stage of life one is in. The concept of

10063: 7678: 7637: 4783:

Dharma of body: dana (charity), paritrana (succor of the distressed) and paricarana (rendering service to others)

4776:

is not merely in one's actions, but also in words one speaks or writes, and in thought. According to Vātsyāyana:

3220: 2051: 563: 10118: 5938:

in a specific context in relation to transmission of authentic doctrine, understanding and bodhi; recognised in

10410: 9540: 8162: 7369:

Dhand, Arti (17 December 2002). "The Dharma of Ethics, the Ethics of Dharma: Quizzing the Ideals of Hinduism".

5845:), as opposed to the parables and to the poems. The Buddha's teachings explain that in order to end suffering, 5109:

is a record of these guidelines and rules. The available evidence suggest India once had a large collection of

4703:

is central, and it is presented through symbolism and metaphors. Near the end of the epic, Yama referred to as

1171: 890:, also meaning the "eternal Law" or "religion", is related to Sanskrit "dharma". Ideas in parts overlapping to 7184:, "Chapter 3"; Quote – "Rites of passage are dharma in action."; "Rites of passage, a category of rituals,..." 7125:, 32(5), pp. 671–685; Quote – "virtues enter the general topic of dharma as 'common, or general, dharma', ..." 5882:) that the Buddha gave to various types of people, based upon their individual propensities and capabilities. 4661:, places major emphasis on individual practical morality. In the Sanskrit epics, this concern is omnipresent. 4493:

of the society, for better or for worse. This has been subtly echoed by the credo धर्मो धारयति प्रजा: meaning

11112: 10042: 5696: 5391: 2644: 643:

in his translation of the Rig-Veda employs 20 different translations for dharma, including meanings such as "

375: 176: 9979: 11212: 10811: 9552: 7979:

Northrop, F. S. C. (1949), "Naturalistic and cultural foundations for a more effective international law",

5641: 5416: 5376: 5128: 3200: 3140: 1120: 944:

in ancient India meant spiritual maturity, devotion, piety, duty towards and reverence for human community.

840:; in addition, words related to Dharman also appear in Rig-veda, for example once as dharmakrt, 6 times as 772: 7034:

was retained by the Buddha to refer to phenomena or things. However, he was always careful to define this

1743: 531: 9965: 7736: 5893:

have developed to help explain and to expand upon the Buddha's teachings. For others still, they see the

4672:

morally requires of him, the King agrees and does accordingly even though his compliance with the law of

4370: 4261: 2871: 975:

Scholars of Hellenistic Greece explain eusebeia as a complex concept. Eusebia means not only to venerate

11318: 10691: 8463:; For an English Translation, see Ganganatha Jha (tr.) (1924), Bibliotheca Indica, Work No. 161, Vol. 1. 6784:

to mean motion and to refer to an ontological sub-category is peculiar to Jainism, and not found in the

5035:– the striving for means of life such as food, shelter, power, security, material wealth, and so forth; 307:

indicates the path of righteousness, proper religious practices, and performing one's own moral duties.

10781: 10676: 10056: 9207: 6925:, a Jain text of the post-Sangam period, follows a similar pattern as that of the Kural in emphasizing 4389: 4060: 3964: 2911: 2580: 2265: 1577: 1031:, as the idea developed in ancient India over time in a nonlinear manner. The following verse from the 10636: 10033: 7412: 4879:

do not go around saying, "That is us." Neither do gods, nor gandharvas, nor ancestors declare what is

4829:; the elements of Hindu dharma are the attributes, qualities and aspects of yoga. Patanjali explained 4556:, an epoch or age as established by Hindu tradition and thus may change at the conclusion of its time. 2906: 631:

There have been numerous, conflicting attempts to translate ancient Sanskrit literature with the word

367: 299:(Jina) and the body of doctrine pertaining to the purification and moral transformation of humans. In 10957: 10543: 10113: 8825: 6399: 6317: 6289: 5516: 4658: 4366: 4012: 3130: 2866: 1154: 1139: 455: 226: 5326: 1807: 10597: 10580: 10177: 6532: 5897:

as referring to the "truth", or the ultimate reality of "the way that things really are" (Tibetan:

5521: 5471: 4988:

of varnas and asramas), the scholarly commentary on Manusmriti use these words, and thus associate

4805: 4616: 4600: 3922: 3915: 3894: 3603: 3493: 3465: 3195: 2085: 1872: 965: 10641: 7054:), in an ontological sense, the Buddha utilised the conception of result or consequence or fruit ( 6118: 1847: 1763: 1027:

is a manifestation of Ṛta, but suggests Ṛta may have been subsumed into a more complex concept of

1007:

principle which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.

10857: 10837: 10527: 10219: 9017: 8588: 8188: 7787: 6899:, a text probably of Jain or Hindu origin, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on 5681: 4137: 3350: 3255: 3180: 2361: 2283: 1176: 1144: 31: 7340:"How did the 'Ramayana' and 'Mahabharata' come to be (and what has 'dharma' got to do with it)?" 2323: 11137: 11102: 10538: 10263: 9100: 7957: 7783: 7539: 6439: 5760: 5496: 5481: 5461: 5386: 5381: 5296: 5203: 4427: 4336: 4266: 4102: 3731: 3500: 3160: 2061: 1738: 693:

meant cosmic law, the rules that created the universe from chaos, as well as rituals; in later

640: 17: 10554: 9605:

Horsch, Paul (December 2004). "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma".

9585: 9073: 8883: 8228: 7861: 11313: 10315: 9975: 9894: 9154: 8979: 8294: 7356: 6576: 5701: 5691: 5646: 4960: 4376: 4354: 4244: 4109: 3682: 3290: 3170: 2573: 2559: 1727: 859: 7407: 6739: 4795:

Dharma of mind: daya (compassion), asprha (disinterestedness), and sraddha (faith in others)

1722: 229:(1500–500 BCE), and its meaning and conceptual scope has evolved over several millennia. In 11333: 10701: 9198: 5842: 5711: 5671: 5666: 5631: 5476: 5356: 5264: 5249: 5193: 5165: 4907:, are: First, learning historical knowledge such as Vedas, Upanishads, the Epics and other 4636: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4239: 3901: 3479: 3449: 3280: 3185: 3081: 2811: 2705: 867: 767: 271: 10357: 8782:

Leave Space for the Practice of Abortion and are Upheld by Contemporary Japanese Buddhist

5026:

The four stages of life complete the four human strivings in life, according to Hinduism.

8: 11047: 10987: 10761: 10335: 10259: 10093: 9948: 7608:

English translated version by Donald R. Davis: Paul Hacker, (2006) "Dharma in Hinduism",

6482: 6033: 5939: 5890: 5809: 5721: 5676: 5614: 5554: 5491: 5436: 5431: 5186: 5175: 5059: 4928: 4908: 4394: 4287: 4123: 3654: 3516: 3260: 3150: 3135: 3041: 2981: 2946: 2846: 2426: 2338: 1957: 1616: 1227: 1129: 1100: 275: 117: 10922: 10656: 10182: 9818:

Potter, Karl H. (Apr–Jul 1958). "Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View".

8459:

Kumarila Bhatta, Tantravarttika, Anandasramasamskrtagranthavalih, Vol. 97, pp. 204–205.

6723: 5039:– the striving for sex, desire, pleasure, love, emotional fulfilment, and so forth; and 4630: 2527: 1717: 816:. It evolves into a concept, claims Paul Horsch, that has a dynamic functional sense in 11308: 10561: 10372: 10202: 9914: 9835: 9784: 9741: 9651: 9622: 9569: 9519: 9490: 9335: 9219: 8229:

The Mahābhārata: Vol. 7, Book 11: The Book of Women; Book 12: The Book of Peace, Part 1

7083:) are born with a number of debts, hence through common moral duties prescribed in the 6891: 6028: 5926:, meaning the community of practitioners who provide one another guidance and support. 5706: 5686: 5626: 5621: 5509: 5411: 5404: 5331: 5321: 5228: 4761: 4316: 4302: 4021: 3546: 3442: 3270: 3250: 3245: 3240: 2841: 2607: 2478: 2090: 1976: 1004: 809: 706: 320: 10902: 10572: 10405: 9256:(in Tamil and English) (1st ed.). Chennai: Unique Media Integrators. p. 55. 7157:

Harvey, Mark (1986), The Secular as Sacred?, Modern Asian Studies, 20(2), pp. 321–331.

5849:, or the right thoughts, understanding, actions and livelihood, should be cultivated. 4508: 877:

period. Instead, it was primarily developed more recently under the Vedic tradition.

10952: 10932: 10887: 10756: 10533: 10509: 10502: 10079: 10007: 9880: 9861: 9804: 9788: 9776: 9710: 9689: 9668: 9591: 9536: 9494: 9459: 9440: 9418: 9375: 9339: 9327: 9257: 9223: 9160: 9133: 9106: 9079: 9055: 9034: 9009: 8985: 8952: 8889: 8862: 8803: 8679: 8618: 8378: 8346: 8298: 8240: 8232: 8170: 8047: 8009: 7964: 7941: 7867: 7667: 7557: 7500: 7386: 7282: 7147: 6917: 6856: 6836: 6695: 6268: 6212: 6207: 6148: 6136: 6068: 5923: 5917: 5838: 5753: 5651: 5636: 5441: 5316: 5259: 5223: 5208: 5139: 4592: 4420: 4326: 4295: 4251: 3908: 3859: 3794: 3553: 3539: 3285: 3210: 3031: 2991: 2986: 2976: 2816: 2512: 2446: 2041: 1778: 1069: 597: 338: 206: 185: 171: 11217: 10252: 6715: 6163: 4932: 2891: 2298: 1585: 248: 11157: 10791: 10726: 10514: 10448: 10377: 10158: 10150: 10001: 9939: 9935: 9906: 9827: 9796: 9766: 9733: 9643: 9614: 9561: 9511: 9482: 9401: 9356: 9319: 9211: 8795: 8072: 7543: 7378: 7260: 6819: 6612: 6569: 6492: 6477: 6467: 6371: 6098: 6083: 6078: 6073: 5997: 5988: 5889:, but also to the later traditions of interpretation and addition that the various 5716: 5661: 5591: 5581: 5446: 4202: 4164: 4144: 4095: 4044: 3943: 3738: 3724: 3675: 3618: 3165: 2821: 2740: 2491: 2411: 2036: 1462: 1316: 1213: 961: 601: 571: 401: 387: 289: 198: 147: 10736: 9771: 9754: 9486: 8377:

Klostermaier, Klaus. Chapter 3: "Hindu dharma", A survey of Hinduism, SUNY Press,

7823:

P. Thieme, Gedichte aus dem Rig-Veda, Reclam Universal-Bibliothek Nr. 8930, p. 52.

7240: 3580: 110: 11107: 10977: 10852: 10751: 10427: 10345: 10320: 10242: 9704: 9683: 9581: 9369: 9127: 8946: 8856: 8361: 8273: 7909: 6953:

to Indian civilization is illustrated by India's decision in 1947 to include the

6557: 6472: 6341: 6327: 6050: 5741: 5656: 5456: 5366: 5311: 5000: 4977: 4765: 4539: 4519: 4408: 4331: 4279: 4088: 3992: 3936: 3873: 3689: 3590: 3486: 3235: 3215: 3086: 2961: 2941: 2861: 2552: 2538: 2436: 2416: 2379: 1971: 1966: 1693: 1572: 1536: 1481: 1476: 1303: 862:

parallels for "dharma" are known, but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian

636: 30:

This article is about the concept found in Indian religions. For other uses, see

11197: 10268: 5306: 2100: 1852: 1553: 11182: 11132: 11122: 10771: 10666: 10548: 10491: 10461: 10330: 10103: 10038: 9454:

Flood, Gavin (1998). "Chapter 2, Making moral decisions". In Paul Bowen (ed.).

9129:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

8799: 7603:

Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Asiankunde

7212:, 25(2), pp. 161–173; Quote – "Dharma pointed to duty, and specified duties.."; 6886: 6744:), the latter consisting of five categories: inert non-sentient atomic matter ( 6406: 6392: 6378: 6357: 6222: 6168: 6108: 6063: 5870:). Others, who regard the Buddha as simply an enlightened human being, see the 5601: 5531: 5486: 5344: 4904: 4321: 4130: 3978: 3629: 3523: 3472: 3275: 3101: 3021: 2971: 2956: 2921: 2876: 2773: 2545: 2406: 2288: 2237: 2222: 2202: 2166: 2095: 1877: 1832: 1783: 1541: 1166: 968:, on the rock appears a Greek rendering for the Sanskrit word dharma: the word 957: 903: 887: 755: 499: 444: 315: 11167: 10352: 10283: 9618: 9565: 9360: 9323: 9215: 9194:"Corruption and Redemption: The Legend of Valluvar and Tamil Literary History" 6385: 1923: 1703: 1634: 1149: 27:

Key concept in Indian philosophy and Eastern religions, with multiple meanings

11292: 10631: 10604: 10467: 10454: 10441: 10395: 10340: 9780: 9405: 9389: 9331: 7390: 7139: 6954: 6252: 6217: 6182: 6023: 5935: 5789: 5426: 5421: 5361: 5106: 4732: 4634:, developed through commentaries on its foundational texts, particularly the 3985: 3950: 3887: 3833: 3826: 3787: 3780: 3717: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3668: 3612: 3230: 3175: 3155: 3145: 3125: 3096: 3006: 2796: 2791: 2781: 2730: 2652: 2566: 2399: 2348: 2247: 2182: 2021: 1788: 1242: 976: 949: 923: 874: 813: 801: 542: 482: 379: 263: 10209: 9753:

Kumar, Shailendra; Choudhury, Sanghamitra (2021) . Meissner, Richard (ed.).

9533:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

7842:(cf. Wennerberg 1981: 95f.), but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian 7382: 6753: 6350: 5566: 5371: 2966: 2725: 1933: 1928: 70: 11177: 11077: 11062: 10796: 10626: 10434: 10367: 10247: 10227: 10108: 8807: 8342: 8280:

from the original on Jan 13, 2024 – via Internet Sacred Text Archive.

7121:

Fitzgerald, James (2004), "Dharma and its Translation in the Mahābhārata",

6959: 6527: 6257: 6227: 6088: 6058: 5909: 5857: 5466: 5351: 5269: 5155: 5008: 4728: 4712: 3957: 3866: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3745: 3403: 3225: 3061: 3056: 3016: 2926: 2916: 2886: 2856: 2786: 2690: 2612: 2343: 2308: 2232: 2207: 2136: 1986: 1837: 1629: 1624: 1523: 1510: 1505: 659:

in English, and is included in all modern unabridged English dictionaries.

132: 10197: 9856:

Rocher, Ludo (2003). "Chapter 4, The Dharmasastra". In Gavin Flood (ed.).

8585:

The Asrama System: The history and hermeneutics of a religious institution

7662:

Johannes Heesterman (1978). "Veda and Dharma", in W. D. O'Flaherty (ed.),

6653: 6647: 2161: 508: 475: 11257: 11147: 11127: 10897: 10721: 10681: 10671: 10473: 10288: 10172: 9502:

Goodwin, William F. (Jan 1955). "Ethics and Value in Indian Philosophy".

9432: 8975: 8761: 8748:

Lariviere, Richard W. (2003), The Naradasmrti, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass

8534:

Trautmann, Thomas R. (Jul 1964), "On the Translation of the Term Varna",

8244: 6785: 6517: 6413: 6299: 6247: 6103: 5866: 5536: 5016: 4941:

for society and at the individual level. Of these, the most cited one is

4697: 4545: 4028: 3752: 3645: 3575: 3388: 3342: 3303: 3205: 3046: 3036: 2901: 2765: 2755: 2624: 2619: 2522: 2421: 2313: 2303: 2273: 2242: 2151: 1918: 1732: 1655: 1647: 1449: 1218: 927: 817: 503: 296: 11092: 9626: 9573: 5020: 1047:

O Indra, lead us on the path of Rta, on the right path over all evils...

11207: 11187: 11097: 11052: 11027: 10967: 10962: 10912: 10832: 10806: 10741: 10567: 10520: 10325: 10273: 9918: 9839: 9755:"Ancient Vedic Literature and Human Rights: Resonances and Dissonances" 9745: 9655: 9523: 6981: 6862: 6712:(substance or a reality). In the Jain tradition, existence consists of 6449: 6444: 6294: 6284: 6279: 6187: 6158: 6113: 5913: 5886: 5797: 5541: 5301: 5198: 4943: 4853:

actions to the Supreme Teacher to achieve perfection of concentration.

4578: 4074: 4035: 3999: 3880: 3819: 3426: 3418: 3329: 3106: 2881: 2831: 2685: 2675: 2441: 2389: 2318: 2227: 2156: 2146: 2141: 1913: 1688: 1665: 1660: 1389: 1189: 1052: 698: 515: 10497: 6706:

and soteriological meaning in Jainism, as a part of its theory of six

6013: 5015:, the life of the householder with family and other social roles, (3) 11232: 11067: 10892: 10867: 10786: 10746: 10731: 10686: 10484: 10278: 8704: 8075:". Encyclopædia Britannica, 18 Jun. 2009. Accessed 14 September 2021. 7208:

Creel, Austin (1975), "The Reexamination of Dharma in Hindu Ethics",

6976: 6922: 6617: 6522: 6512: 6487: 6322: 6274: 6153: 5961: 5951: 5817: 5586: 5561: 5091: 5012: 4912: 4865: 4826: 4735:, social virtue, and tradition; the third answer is of introspective 4689: 4581:

and later ancient scripts of Hinduism. In Upanishads, the concept of

4525: 4184: 4116: 4053: 3971: 3803: 3374: 3334: 3265: 3111: 3076: 3026: 2996: 2931: 2851: 2750: 2720: 2700: 2384: 2328: 2293: 2278: 2197: 2192: 2174: 1500: 1414: 1345: 1284: 1008: 873:, suggesting that the word "dharma" did not play a major role in the 828:

Dharma and related words are found in the oldest Vedic literature of

754:

incorporates the teachings and doctrines of the founder of Buddhism,

651:", "custom", "quality", and "model", among others. However, the word 354: 285: 10232: 10048: 9910: 9831: 9737: 9647: 9515: 9050:

Dusenbery, Verne (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

4951:, their rights and duties. Most texts of Hinduism, however, discuss 1981: 582: 575: 11227: 11117: 11057: 11007: 11002: 10847: 10842: 10801: 10766: 10716: 10651: 10646: 10400: 10237: 9967:

Sanatana Dharma: an advanced text book of Hindu religion and Ethics

9307: 9004:

Rinehart, Robin (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

7936:

Holdrege, Barbara (2004), "Dharma" in: Mittal & Thursby (eds.)

6945:

The wheel in the centre of India's flag symbolises Ashoka's dhamma.

6703: 6552: 6262: 5596: 5576: 5571: 5451: 5147: 4720: 4665: 4451: 4256: 3812: 3638: 3595: 3562: 3413: 3408: 3381: 3091: 3071: 3001: 2951: 2826: 2715: 2631: 2602: 2597: 2466: 2456: 2353: 2333: 2257: 2252: 2217: 1887: 1867: 1827: 1793: 1773: 1753: 1639: 1515: 1250: 1208: 1203: 1077: 969: 936: 829: 656: 609: 605: 554: 495: 425: 371: 255: 230: 11237: 9724:

Koller, J. M. (1972). "Dharma: an expression of universal order".

9251: 8735:

Davis, Donald Jr. (September 2006) "A Realist View of Hindu Law",

6731: 5077:

In Rajadharmaparvan 91.34-8, the relationship between poverty and

4497:

is that which holds and provides support to the social construct.

3319: 84: 11247: 11242: 11222: 11162: 11152: 11142: 11082: 11032: 11022: 10947: 10937: 10927: 10872: 10706: 10586: 10310: 10187: 10162: 10098: 9475:

International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East

9270: 9173: 9029:

Cole, W. Owen (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

8509: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8501: 6835:) means the path of righteousness and proper religious practice. 6797: 6005: 5875: 5276: 4641: 4189: 4179: 3929: 3850: 3842: 3659: 3585: 3570: 3367: 3066: 3011: 2745: 2695: 2665: 2660: 2532: 2507: 2394: 2026: 1905: 1882: 1857: 1768: 1758: 1567: 1531: 1419: 1404: 1399: 1335: 1330: 1294: 1289: 1276: 1032: 1000: 837: 793: 789: 781: 735: 702: 617: 613: 519: 466: 359: 300: 239: 215: 10972: 9926:

Widgery, Alban G. (Jan 1930). "The Principles of Hindu Ethics".

8948:

Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History

8308:

Piper, Raymond F. (1954), "In Support of Altruism in Hinduism",

7154:; Quote – "Yoga is a dharmic approach to the spiritual life..."; 6941: 6802: 6761: 4922: 4225: 2071: 2066: 1892: 914: 324:, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on dharma ( 247:

is believed to have a transtemporal validity, and is one of the

11252: 11202: 11192: 11087: 11072: 10992: 10942: 10882: 10877: 10862: 10827: 10776: 10696: 10362: 10192: 10133: 10003:

Dharma: Studies in Its Semantic, Cultural and Religious History

8885:

Makers of Modern Indian Religion in the Late Nineteenth Century

6683: 6434: 6093: 5922:, meaning the teachings and the methods of the Buddha, and the 5808:) of the Buddha's teachings is then comprehended as Dharma. In 5736: 5291: 5286: 5281: 4968: 4841: 4736: 4482: 4459: 4455: 4194: 4008: 3324: 3051: 2936: 2836: 2806: 2801: 2735: 2710: 2499: 2369: 2212: 2187: 2126: 2011: 2006: 1996: 1938: 1862: 1822: 1817: 1748: 1673: 1608: 1495: 1439: 1424: 1370: 1350: 1263: 1258: 1095: 739:(Sanskrit: अधर्म), meaning that which is "not dharma". As with 545: 487: 383: 310:

As with the other components of the Puruṣārtha, the concept of

125: 61: 38: 9473:

Fritzman, J.M. (2015). "The Bhagavadgītā, Sen, and Anderson".

9254:

Why Should Thirukkural Be Declared the National Book of India?

8707:, "Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of View", 8615:

The strides of Vishnu: Hindu culture in historical perspective

8498: 7614:

Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft

5114:

are neither exclusive, nor do they supersede other sources of

784:, as an adjective or noun. According to Paul Horsch, the word 620:. It is difficult to provide a single concise definition for 54: 11267: 11262: 11172: 11042: 10997: 10907: 10711: 10661: 10610: 10591: 10167: 10128: 8778:

Brown, Hannah Jean (2019). "Key Tenets of Classical Buddhist

8398:. 2 vols. Translated by Ganganatha Jha. Oriental Books. 1939. 7707: 7705: 7655:

Albrecht Wezler, "Dharma in the Veda and the Dharmaśāstras",

7196:; Quote – "Hindu stages of life approach (ashrama dharma)..." 6986: 6866: 5785: 5526: 5040: 5032: 4835: 4724: 4587: 4574: 4211: 4081: 3846: 3358: 2896: 2760: 2670: 2517: 2471: 2451: 2131: 2116: 2056: 2046: 2031: 2016: 1991: 1842: 1812: 1698: 1598: 1429: 1394: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1340: 1268: 882: 805: 694: 8854: 8488: 8486: 8274:"The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section 3" 7920: 7918: 5878:

of the "84,000 different aspects of the teaching" (Tibetan:

410: 237:

denotes behaviours that are considered to be in accord with

156: 11272: 11037: 11017: 10123: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8117: 8023: 8021: 7863:

The Religion Toolkit: A Complete Guide to Religious Studies

7080: 6870: 6811: 5036: 4822: 4685: 4681: 4553: 2680: 2461: 2431: 2374: 2121: 2108: 2001: 1603: 1444: 1434: 1409: 1375: 1325: 1307: 899: 648: 558:(εὐσέβεια, piety, spiritual maturity, or godliness) in the 523: 416: 162: 9634:

Ingalls, Daniel H. H. (Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa".

9371:

Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India

9241:(2nd ed.). Chennai: University of Madras. p. 82. 7782:

RgVeda 6.70.1, 8.41.10, 10.44.8, for secondary source see

7702: 7427: 4772:

by contrasting it with adharma. Vātsyāyana suggested that

9587:

Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative

8819: 8817: 8483: 8141: 7915: 7805: 7793: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7512: 6844: 4708: 4478: 952:

from the year 258 BCE was discovered in Afghanistan, the

895: 644: 459: 9392:(2004). "Hindu bioethics for the twenty-first century". 9075:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

8536:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

8441: 8429: 8417: 8249: 8107: 8105: 8018: 4999:

At the individual level, some texts of Hinduism outline

9415:

The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature

8902: 8858:

The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations

8090: 4668:, for example, when a peasant asks the King to do what 1548: 1085: 866:, meaning "remedy". This meaning is different from the 9435:(1994). "Hinduism". In Jean Holm; John Bowker (eds.). 8951:. State University of New York Press. pp. 10–11. 8814: 8167:

The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, Kshetra

7509: 7295: 5916:, meaning the mind's perfection of enlightenment, the 4971:, in the Epics, for example, presents the theory that 4755: 948:

In the mid-20th century, an inscription of the Indian

454:, with a literal meaning of "bearer, supporter", in a 9394:

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

8209: 8102: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 6830: 894:

are found in other ancient cultures: such as Chinese

780:

appears at least fifty-six times in the hymns of the

11324:

Words and phrases with no direct English translation

9851:. Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. 9245: 8676:

Dharma, Disorder, and the Political in Ancient India

8129: 8078: 7986: 7690: 7569: 7320: 7308: 7144:

Yoga and Ayurveda: Self-Healing and Self-Realization

4899:

In other texts, three sources and means to discover

4680:

is at the centre of all major events in the life of

407: 153: 9550:Hacker, Paul (October 2006). "Dharma in Hinduism". 9252:Velusamy, N.; Faraday, Moses Michael, eds. (2017). 9102:

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot

8914: 8836: 8594: 8046:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale, 8008:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale, 7912:, Bibliothèque du Museon 43, Louvain, 1958, p. 249. 7846:, 'remedy', which has little bearing on Indo-Aryan 7786:, Der Rigveda in Auswahl (2 vols.), Stuttgart; and 4538:Sadharana dharma, moral duties irrespective of the 788:has its origin in Vedic Hinduism. The hymns of the 413: 404: 159: 150: 9846: 9276: 9179: 9152: 9105:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4333–4334, 4341–4342. 8926: 7880: 7659:, December 2004, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 629–654 7462: 7168:Jackson, Bernard S. (1975), "From dharma to law", 4707:in the text, is portrayed as taking the form of a 552:into Greek and Aramaic and he used the Greek word 8970: 8968: 8195:, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 197:) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the 11290: 9981:A History of Indian Philosophy: Indian Pluralism 9132:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–154. 7245:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 7087:would help to repay one's debts to the humanity. 5971:Patipatti – putting the theory into practice and 5968:as contained within the suttas of the Pali canon 9996:, Vol. XXI, No. 1, Spring 1966, pp. 84–87. 9613:(5–6). Translated by Jarrod Whitaker: 423–448. 9071: 8832:. Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. p. 33. 8823: 8617:. Oxford: Oxford University press. p. 87. 5978:or through experience realises the truth of it. 4903:in Hinduism are described. These, according to 812:principle and appears in verses independent of 9992:Murthy, K. Krishna. "Dharma – Its Etymology." 9752: 9706:Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya 9185: 8965: 8756: 8754: 8123: 7711: 7679:Practitioners of Hindu Law: Ancient and Modern 6779: 6773: 6767: 6759: 6751: 6745: 6737: 6729: 6721: 6713: 6707: 6689: 6621: 6602: 4984:of varnas), or varnasramadharma (that is, the 4799: 726:is believed to have a transtemporal validity. 10064: 9560:(5). Translated by Donald R. Davis: 479–496. 9417:. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 9230: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8396:Gautama's Nyāyasūtras, with Vātsyāyana-Bhāṣya 8191:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), 7234: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7172:, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Summer, 1975), pp. 490–512. 7042:) ... In order to distinguish this notion of 7011: 7009: 7007: 6865:and post-Sangam period, many of which are of 6788:of Buddhism and various schools of Hinduism. 6577: 5885:Dharma refers not only to the sayings of the 5761: 4923:Dharma, life stages and social stratification 4569:of this article discusses the development of 4428: 682:, it can also be described as eternal truth. 596:Dharma is a concept of central importance in 9893: 9801:Dharmasūtras: The Law Codes of Ancient India 9667:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 9125: 8998: 8554: 8027: 7859: 7831: 7829: 7768: 7433: 7115: 5101:and happiness requires that people live per 5011:, the life of preparation as a student, (2) 9580: 9290:International Journal of Constitutional Law 8984:(2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 93–95. 8974: 8751: 8513: 7961:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7740:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7545:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7352: 6627: 5796:) latter came to refer to the teachings of 4518:Varṇ āśramā dharma, one's duty at specific 4511:, the eternal and unchanging principals of 987:The evolving literature of Hinduism linked 668:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 485:). It is semantically similar to the Greek 10071: 10057: 9349:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 9098: 8711:, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (Jan., 1956), pp. 36–71. 8663: 8312:, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul., 1954), pp. 178–183 7221: 7046:from the Indian conception where the term 7004: 6915:), is completely and exclusively based on 6584: 6570: 5768: 5754: 4657:The Hindu religion and philosophy, claims 4560: 4435: 4421: 336:), is completely and exclusively based on 9770: 9239:First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers 9191: 9078:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 156–171. 8678:, Brill's Indological Library (Book 28), 8636: 8634: 8612: 8373: 8371: 8369: 7826: 5864:) and the "wheel of becoming" (Sanskrit: 5082:to follow dharma and achieve prosperity. 9999: 9974: 9795: 9472: 9305: 9236: 8888:. Oxford University Press. p. 124. 8477: 8096: 7838:; "There are Indo-European parallels to 7835: 7326: 7079:is based on the idea that, individuals ( 7062:) to bring out the pragmatic meaning of 6940: 6801: 5828:For practising Buddhists, references to 4528:, one's own individual or personal duty. 913: 534:and dialects it alternatively occurs as 353: 9970:. Central Hindu College, Benaras. 1904. 9925: 9633: 9501: 9062:, Oxford University Press, pp. 560–568. 8855:Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (2009). 8766:The New Concise Pali English Dictionary 8720: 8655: 8600: 8345:(2009) The World Religions, HarperOne, 8326: 8260: 8215: 8193:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8158: 8156: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7499:(German Edition), Motilal Banarsidass, 7454: 7256: 7254: 7170:The American Journal of Comparative Law 7030:David Kalupahana: "The old Indian term 6850: 3312:Sources and classification of scripture 982: 14: 11291: 9855: 9817: 9723: 9662: 9604: 9549: 9535:. State University of New York Press. 9530: 9388: 9346: 8881: 8649: 8643: 8631: 8560: 8492: 8366: 8186: 8177:, p. 481, for discussion: pp. 478–505. 8147: 8135: 8111: 8084: 8033: 7924: 7897: 7866:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 324. 7811: 7799: 7762: 7742:, University of Koeln, Germany (2009). 7696: 7630: 7575: 7483: 7448: 7238: 7193: 6967:"), as the central motif on its flag. 5784:as "cosmic law", as in the working of 5062:11.1.6.24 links social prosperity and 4815:is real; in the Vedanta it is unreal. 4535:prescribed at the time of adversities. 909: 10078: 10052: 9946: 9874: 9453: 9431: 8861:. Taylor & Francis. p. 325. 8777: 8721:Gächter, Othmar (1998). "Anthropos". 8447: 8435: 8423: 8411: 8057: 7860:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2011). 7756: 7524: 7402: 7400: 7368: 7276: 7181: 5945: 5823: 5050: 4624: 1934:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1929:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 184: 9897:(Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa". 9702: 9681: 9367: 9159:. Abhinav Publications. p. 13. 8944: 8932: 8920: 8908: 8842: 8153: 7581: 7439: 7251: 7018:Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 6936: 5974:Pativedha – when one penetrates the 5003:, or stages of life as individual's 4577:. This development continued in the 4504:generally includes various aspects: 576: 9858:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 9412: 9306:Brereton, Joel P. (December 2004). 9052:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 9031:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 9006:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 7992: 7314: 7038:as "dependently arisen phenomena" ( 6992:List of Hindu empires and dynasties 6877:. Most of these texts are based on 4756:According to 4th-century Vatsyayana 4743:. There is extensive discussion of 954:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 930:. The inscription renders the word 920:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 568:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 560:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 24: 10043:Dharma Is Not The Same As Religion 9958: 9847:Purnalingam Pillai, M. S. (2015). 9041:, Oxford University Press, p. 254. 8674:Bowles, Adam (2007), "Chapter 3", 7397: 7024: 5219:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 5214:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 25: 11350: 10021: 9685:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvārthsūtra 7664:The Concept of Duty in South Asia 7303:Chambers Dictionary of Etymology 5085: 991:to two other important concepts: 956:. This rock inscription contains 9590:. Oxford University Press, USA. 9282: 9192:Blackburn, Stuart (April 2000). 9146: 9119: 9092: 9065: 9044: 9023: 8830:: Good Dhamma is of three sorts" 7279:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 7265:The Philosophy of the Middle Way 6675: 6551: 6012: 5964:– the learning of the theory of 5929: 5880:chos-sgo brgyad-khri bzhi strong 5780:Buddhism held the Hindu view of 5735: 5154: 4402: 1084: 821:disorder, the world from chaos. 491:("fixed decree, statute, law"). 400: 146: 124: 109: 95: 83: 69: 53: 11299:Buddhist philosophical concepts 9928:International Journal of Ethics 8938: 8875: 8848: 8824:Lee Dhammadharo, Ajaan (1994). 8771: 8742: 8729: 8714: 8698: 8689: 8606: 8577: 8568: 8545: 8528: 8519: 8453: 8388: 8336: 8320: 8284: 8266: 8231:. University of Chicago Press. 8221: 8199:from the original on 8 Jul 2024 8180: 8065: 7998: 7973: 7951: 7930: 7903: 7853: 7817: 7776: 7747: 7717: 7646: 7638:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 7621: 7530: 7489: 7362: 7332: 7270: 7069: 4937:Some texts of Hinduism outline 4764:, 4th-century CE Hindu scholar 4652: 10411:Progressive utilization theory 9947:Woods, James Haughton (1914). 9940:10.1086/intejethi.40.2.2377977 8788:Journal of Religion and Health 8739:. Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 287–313. 8355:Background to Hindu Literature 8187:Arnold, Daniel (Summer 2024), 7556:, Asian Educational Services, 7199: 7187: 7175: 7162: 7130: 7106: 6843:as duty and moral values. The 4996:of varna and asramas of life. 4450:is an organising principle in 1172:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 604:. It has multiple meanings in 131:Duties, such as learning from 13: 1: 9772:10.1080/23311886.2020.1858562 9487:10.1080/09552367.2015.1102693 9456:Themes and issues in Hinduism 8310:Journal of Bible and Religion 7759:, pp. 30–54 and 151–152; 7677:K. L. Seshagiri Rao (1997), " 7301:Barnhart, R. K. (ed.) (1998) 7247:– via Encyclopedia.com. 7239:Bowker, John (June 8, 2018). 7094: 4233:Other society-related topics: 1924:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 655:has become a widely accepted 591: 532:contemporary Indian languages 280: 11304:Hindu philosophical concepts 9950:The yoga-system of Patanjali 9607:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9553:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9312:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9299: 8295:Sexual life in ancient India 8293:Meyer, Johann Jakob (1989), 8227:Fitzgerald, James L. (2004) 7657:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7610:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7599:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7123:Journal of Indian philosophy 7099: 5417:Buddhist Paths to liberation 5129:Buddhist paths to liberation 4599:, truth), in hymn 1.4.14 of 4566: 4344:Hinduism and other religions 3141:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 583: 349: 102:Rituals and rites of passage 7: 11329:Jain philosophical concepts 10030:(archived 28 February 2010) 9953:. Harvard University Press. 9803:. Oxford University Press. 9374:. Oxford University Press. 9153:Iraianban, Swamiji (1997). 8826:"What is the Triple Gem? – 7731:Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7685:, Volume 66, pp. 1185–1199. 7371:Journal of Religious Ethics 6970: 6831: 6654: 6652:, author of the Jain text, 6648: 6393:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara) 6169:Aparigraha (non-possession) 5122: 5119:king, as well as morality. 4947:, which describes the four 4800:According to Patanjali Yoga 4485:and "right way of living". 4089:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 4061:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1789:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 1733:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 1728:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 1060: 541:In the 3rd century BCE the 509: 476: 314:is pan-Indian. The ancient 295:refers to the teachings of 10: 11355: 11339:Sanskrit words and phrases 10000:Olivelle, Patrick (2009). 9986:Cambridge University Press 9208:Cambridge University Press 8800:10.1007/s10943-019-00763-4 8333:" (Mahabharata 12.106.20). 8124:Kumar & Choudhury 2021 7712:Kumar & Choudhury 2021 6854: 6795: 6791: 6772:), and principle of rest ( 6681: 6379:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara) 6358:Pravachanasara (Digambara) 5986: 5982: 5126: 5089: 4926: 4856: 4731:, which appeals to piety, 4711:to test the compassion of 4664:In the Second Book of the 3965:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2645:Gurus, sants, philosophers 2581:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1769:Uparati (self-settledness) 1003:in Vedas is the truth and 761: 458:conceived as an aspect of 439:, and is related to Latin 382:, as inscribed by Emperor 36: 29: 10820: 10619: 10419: 10388: 10303: 10218: 10149: 10142: 10086: 10034:Buddhism A–Z: "D" Entries 9619:10.1007/s10781-004-8628-3 9566:10.1007/s10781-006-9002-4 9361:10.1080/00856409408723205 9324:10.1007/s10781-004-8631-8 9216:10.1017/S0026749X00003632 8613:Glucklich, Ariel (2008). 8044:The Columbia Encyclopedia 8006:The Columbia Encyclopedia 7281:(3rd ed.). Longman. 7216:indicator of immaturity." 7040:paticca-samuppanna-dhamma 6823: 6699: 4596: 3131:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 1784:Samadhana (concentration) 1648:Three paths to liberation 1155:Tribal religions in India 1140:Historical Vedic religion 1135:Indus Valley Civilisation 926:in 258 BCE, and found in 469:, the word appears as an 227:historical Vedic religion 201:, among others. The term 175: 10598:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 9899:Philosophy East and West 9820:Philosophy East and West 9726:Philosophy East and West 9663:Jacobs, Stephen (2010). 9636:Philosophy East and West 9531:Grimes, John A. (1996). 9504:Philosophy East and West 9413:Day, Terence P. (1982). 9406:10.1001/jama.291.22.2759 9072:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). 7542:Monier Monier-Williams, 7267:. SUNY Press, pp. 15–16. 7210:Philosophy East and West 6997: 6766:), principle of motion ( 6533:Parasparopagraho Jivanam 6386:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara) 6176:Anuvratas (further vows) 4617:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1960:, sacrifice, and charity 685:The meaning of the word 506:, the stem is thematic: 76:Yoga, personal behaviour 37:Not to be confused with 10528:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 10028:India Glossary – Dharma 9703:Jain, Vijay K. (2012). 9682:Jain, Vijay K. (2011). 9308:"Dhárman In The Rgveda" 9277:Purnalingam Pillai 2015 9180:Purnalingam Pillai 2015 9156:Ambrosia of Thirukkural 9018:Oxford University Press 8882:Brekke, Torkel (2002). 8589:Oxford University Press 7940:, New York: Routledge, 7790:, 33–36, Bd. 1–3: 1951. 7788:Harvard Oriental Series 7605:, Volume 21, pp. 31–61; 7552:Carl Cappeller (1999), 7497:Worterbuch zum Rig-veda 7413:Encyclopædia Britannica 7383:10.1111/1467-9795.00113 7277:Wells, John C. (2008). 6778:). The use of the term 6142:Mahavratas (major vows) 5437:Philosophical reasoning 4601:Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 4561:In Vedas and Upanishads 4138:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 3351:Timeline of Hindu texts 3256:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 2284:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1939:Śabda (word, testimony) 1177:Epic-Puranic chronology 1145:Dravidian folk religion 880:It is thought that the 773:History of Dharmaśāstra 272:teachings of the Buddha 32:Dharma (disambiguation) 10264:Early Buddhist schools 9976:Dasgupta, Surendranath 9895:Van Buitenen, J. A. B. 9875:Rosen, Steven (2006). 9759:Cogent Social Sciences 9368:Cort, John E. (2001). 8945:Cort, John E. (1998). 8786:Remembrance Rituals". 7784:Karl Friedrich Geldner 7616:Volume 49, pp. 93–106. 6946: 6873:origin, emphasizes on 6807: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6760: 6752: 6746: 6738: 6730: 6722: 6714: 6708: 6702:) also has a specific 6690: 6673: 6622: 6603: 6440:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 6351:Samayasāra (Digambara) 6164:Brahmacarya (chastity) 5934:Dharma is employed in 5816:is also the term for " 5793: 5204:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4897: 4622: 4103:Eighteen Greater Texts 3732:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 3161:Krishnananda Saraswati 2400:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1914:Pratyakṣa (perception) 1774:Titiksha (forbearance) 1058: 945: 641:Karl Friedrich Geldner 628:in western languages. 391: 284:is also the term for " 267: 9237:Sanjeevi, N. (2006). 9126:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 8583:Olivelle, P. (1993). 8353:; For summary notes: 7075:The common duties of 6957:, a depiction of the 6944: 6881:, the Tamil term for 6861:Several works of the 6805: 6682:Further information: 6668:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 6660: 6655:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 6159:Asteya (non-stealing) 6149:Ahiṃsā (non-violence) 5472:Aids to Enlightenment 5297:Dependent Origination 4893:Apastamba Dharmasutra 4870: 4866:Apastamba Dharmasutra 4605: 4552:which is valid for a 4488:In its true essence, 4219:Varna-related topics: 4110:Eighteen Lesser Texts 3683:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2574:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 2560:Achintya Bheda Abheda 2492:Philosophical schools 1794:Ahamkara (attachment) 1754:Vairagya (dispassion) 1682:Mokṣa-related topics: 1045: 940:in Greek, suggesting 917: 662:The root of the word 588:; truth, rectitude). 564:Kandahar Greek Edicts 357: 10702:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 10539:Sarvadarsanasangraha 10316:Acintya bheda abheda 10045:(huffingtonpost.com) 9292:, 4(4), pp. 741–751. 9199:Modern Asian Studies 7983:, 59, pp. 1430–1441. 7666:, New Delhi: Vikas, 6851:In Sangam literature 6318:Schools and Branches 5843:Noble Eightfold Path 5442:Devotional practices 5265:Noble Eightfold Path 4351:Hinduism and Jainism 3281:Vethathiri Maharishi 3186:Nisargadatta Maharaj 1749:Viveka (discernment) 1124:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 1035:is an example where 983:Rta, maya and dharma 768:Pandurang Vaman Kane 342:—the Tamil term for 10762:Dayananda Saraswati 10336:Nimbarka Sampradaya 10260:Buddhist philosophy 9709:. Vikalp Printers. 9688:. Vikalp Printers. 9288:Narula, S. (2006), 9099:Lal, Mohan (1992). 8911:, pp. 192–194. 8723:Anthropos Institute 8658:, pp. 321–344. 8646:, pp. 131–144. 8563:, pp. 131–144. 8555:Van Buitenen (1957) 8516:, pp. 215–227. 8495:, pp. 487–489. 8450:, pp. 181–191. 8438:, pp. 180–181. 8426:, pp. 178–180. 7927:, pp. 136–142. 7814:, pp. 430–432. 7802:, pp. 430–431. 7769:Van Buitenen (1957) 7495:Hermann Grassmann, 7342:. 13 December 2018. 7116:Van Buitenen (1957) 6558:Religion portal 6248:The 24 Tirthankaras 5940:dharma transmission 5891:schools of Buddhism 5810:Buddhist philosophy 5788:. The term Dharma ( 5742:Buddhism portal 5615:Buddhism by country 5377:Sanskrit literature 5060:Shatapatha Brahmana 4955:with no mention of 4915:" is the source of 4909:Sanskrit literature 4833:in two categories: 4748:various aspects of 4522:or inherent duties. 4409:Hinduism portal 4288:Hinduism by country 4124:Iraiyanar Akapporul 4068:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 3151:Dayananda Saraswati 3136:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 3042:Sripada Srivallabha 2982:Raghunatha Siromani 2947:Narasimha Saraswati 2847:Santadas Kathiababa 1919:Anumāṇa (inference) 964:text. According to 910:Eusebeia and dharma 836:occurs 63 times in 424:; has roots in the 276:Buddhist philosophy 10373:Pashupata Shaivism 10203:Pashupata Shaivism 9877:Essential Hinduism 8360:2004-09-22 at the 8150:, p. 112-113. 7683:Fordham Law Review 6949:The importance of 6947: 6889:moral text of the 6808: 6649:Acārya Amṛtacandra 6365:Agama (Śvetāmbara) 5946:Theravada Buddhism 5824:Buddha's teachings 5229:Buddhist modernism 5051:Dharma and poverty 4762:Klaus Klostermaier 4649:means of knowing. 4625:Dharma and Mimamsa 4303:Caribbean Shaktism 4022:Kanakadhara Stotra 3271:U. G. Krishnamurti 3251:Satyadhyana Tirtha 2842:Gangesha Upadhyaya 2500:Six Astika schools 1744:Ānanda (happiness) 1723:Anātman (non-self) 946: 496:Classical Sanskrit 392: 225:was in use in the 11286: 11285: 11138:Pratītyasamutpāda 10299: 10298: 10080:Indian philosophy 10013:978-81-208-3338-8 9994:The Tibet Journal 9867:978-0-631-21535-6 9797:Olivelle, Patrick 9716:978-81-903639-4-5 9695:978-81-903639-2-1 9597:978-0-19-539423-8 9465:978-0-304-33851-1 9437:Rites of Passages 9424:978-0-919812-15-4 9400:(22): 2759–2760. 9381:978-0-19-803037-9 9263:978-93-85471-70-4 9166:978-81-7017-346-5 9139:978-1-107-01736-8 9112:978-81-260-1221-3 9060:978-0-19-969930-8 9039:978-0-19-969930-8 9014:978-0-19-969930-8 8991:978-0-415-26605-5 8958:978-0-7914-3786-5 8895:978-0-19-925236-7 8868:978-1-135-21100-4 8684:978-90-04-15815-3 8652:, pp. 49–63. 8624:978-0-19-531405-2 8557:, pp. 38–39. 8351:978-0-06-166018-4 8263:, pp. 41–48. 8175:978-1-4959-4653-0 8163:Johnston, Charles 8052:978-0-7876-5015-5 8028:Van Buitenen 1957 8014:978-0-7876-5015-5 7995:, pp. 42–44. 7969:978-81-206-0369-1 7873:978-1-4443-4371-7 7672:978-0-7286-0032-4 7562:978-81-206-0369-1 7527:, pp. 34–45. 7505:978-81-208-1636-7 7434:Van Buitenen 1957 7317:, pp. 42–45. 7288:978-1-4058-8118-0 7261:Kalupahana, David 7152:978-0-9149-5581-8 6937:Dharma in symbols 6857:Sangam literature 6837:Guru Granth Sahib 6829: 6594: 6593: 6213:Micchami Dukkadam 6208:Bhaktamara Stotra 6137:Ethics of Jainism 5839:Four Noble Truths 5804:); the practice ( 5778: 5777: 5260:Four Noble Truths 5007:. These are: (1) 4839:(restraints) and 4445: 4444: 4296:Balinese Hinduism 3795:Markandeya Purana 3032:Satyanatha Tirtha 2987:Raghuttama Tirtha 2977:Raghavendra Swami 2817:Ramdas Kathiababa 1898:Sources of dharma 1764:Dama (temperance) 1759:Sama (equanimity) 1125: 598:Indian philosophy 526:, it is rendered 390:(3rd century BCE) 16:(Redirected from 11346: 10792:Satyakama Jabala 10727:Akshapada Gotama 10677:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 10657:Vāchaspati Misra 10515:Nyayakusumanjali 10449:Bhagavata Purana 10406:Radical Humanism 10378:Shaiva Siddhanta 10147: 10146: 10119:Vedic philosophy 10073: 10066: 10059: 10050: 10049: 10017: 9989: 9988:. pp. 2–11. 9984:. Vol. IV. 9971: 9954: 9943: 9922: 9890: 9871: 9852: 9849:Tamil Literature 9843: 9814: 9792: 9774: 9749: 9720: 9699: 9678: 9659: 9630: 9601: 9582:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9577: 9546: 9527: 9498: 9469: 9450: 9428: 9409: 9385: 9364: 9343: 9318:(5–6): 449–489. 9293: 9286: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9189: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9069: 9063: 9048: 9042: 9027: 9021: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8972: 8963: 8962: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8924: 8918: 8912: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8821: 8812: 8811: 8775: 8769: 8758: 8749: 8746: 8740: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8718: 8712: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8687: 8672: 8661: 8638: 8629: 8628: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8581: 8575: 8572: 8566: 8549: 8543: 8542:(2) pp. 196–201. 8532: 8526: 8523: 8517: 8514:Hiltebeitel 2011 8511: 8496: 8490: 8481: 8475: 8464: 8462: 8457: 8451: 8445: 8439: 8433: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8400: 8399: 8392: 8386: 8375: 8364: 8340: 8334: 8332: 8324: 8318: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8247: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8184: 8178: 8160: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8069: 8063: 8037: 8031: 8025: 8016: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7981:Yale Law Journal 7977: 7971: 7955: 7949: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7878: 7877: 7857: 7851: 7833: 7824: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7780: 7774: 7751: 7745: 7733:, Germany (2011) 7721: 7715: 7709: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7650: 7644: 7625: 7619: 7592: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7507: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7460: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7404: 7395: 7394: 7366: 7360: 7353:Hiltebeitel 2011 7350: 7344: 7343: 7336: 7330: 7324: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7274: 7268: 7258: 7249: 7248: 7236: 7219: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7166: 7160: 7134: 7128: 7110: 7088: 7085:Sadharana dharma 7077:Sadharana-dharma 7073: 7067: 7028: 7022: 7013: 6834: 6828:romanized: 6827: 6825: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6757: 6749: 6743: 6735: 6727: 6719: 6711: 6701: 6693: 6671: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6613:Tattvartha Sutra 6606: 6586: 6579: 6572: 6556: 6555: 6493:Shravanabelagola 6400:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi 6372:Tattvartha Sutra 6016: 5993: 5992: 5989:Dharma (Jainism) 5770: 5763: 5756: 5740: 5739: 5467:Sublime abidings 5158: 5135: 5134: 4895: 4752:with metaphors. 4620: 4598: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4367:and Christianity 4337:Pilgrimage sites 4267:Reform movements 4145:Vinayagar Agaval 4096:Five Great Epics 4045:Tamil literature 3944:Sushruta Samhita 3739:Bhavishya Purana 3725:Brahmanda Purana 3676:Bhagavata Purana 3604:Other scriptures 3166:Mahavatar Babaji 2741:Satyakama Jabala 2412:Ganesh Chaturthi 2266:Rites of passage 1779:Shraddha (faith) 1197:Major traditions 1123: 1088: 1065: 1064: 1056: 602:Indian religions 586: 579: 578: 512: 479: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 388:Edicts of Ashoka 270:) refers to the 199:Indian religions 196: 195: 194: 188: 186:[dʱɐrmɐ] 183: 179: 169: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 128: 113: 99: 87: 73: 60:Virtues such as 57: 21: 11354: 11353: 11349: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11344: 11343: 11289: 11288: 11287: 11282: 11108:Parameshashakti 10816: 10752:Ramana Maharshi 10637:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 10615: 10581:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 10555:Tattvacintāmaṇi 10428:Abhinavabharati 10415: 10384: 10358:Sikh Philosophy 10346:Vishishtadvaita 10295: 10214: 10138: 10082: 10077: 10024: 10014: 10006:. Delhi: MLBD. 9964: 9961: 9959:Further reading 9911:10.2307/1396832 9887: 9868: 9832:10.2307/1397421 9811: 9738:10.2307/1398120 9717: 9696: 9675: 9648:10.2307/1396833 9598: 9543: 9516:10.2307/1396742 9466: 9447: 9425: 9382: 9302: 9297: 9296: 9287: 9283: 9275: 9271: 9264: 9250: 9246: 9235: 9231: 9190: 9186: 9178: 9174: 9167: 9151: 9147: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9086: 9070: 9066: 9049: 9045: 9028: 9024: 9003: 8999: 8992: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8943: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8919: 8915: 8907: 8903: 8896: 8880: 8876: 8869: 8853: 8849: 8841: 8837: 8822: 8815: 8776: 8772: 8759: 8752: 8747: 8743: 8734: 8730: 8719: 8715: 8703: 8699: 8694: 8690: 8673: 8664: 8639: 8632: 8625: 8611: 8607: 8599: 8595: 8582: 8578: 8573: 8569: 8550: 8546: 8533: 8529: 8524: 8520: 8512: 8499: 8491: 8484: 8476: 8467: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8434: 8430: 8422: 8418: 8410: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8376: 8367: 8362:Wayback Machine 8341: 8337: 8330: 8325: 8321: 8289: 8285: 8272: 8271: 8267: 8259: 8250: 8226: 8222: 8214: 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Baba 3236:Sathya Sai Baba 3216:Ramana Maharshi 3120: 3087:Vadiraja Tirtha 3082:Vācaspati Miśra 2962:Srinivasacharya 2942:Narahari Tirtha 2922:Matsyendranatha 2907:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 2872:Jagannatha Dasa 2862:Haridasa Thakur 2776: 2655: 2647: 2637: 2636: 2592: 2553:Vishishtadvaita 2502: 2494: 2484: 2483: 2437:Makar Sankranti 2417:Vasant Panchami 2380:Maha Shivaratri 2364: 2268: 2177: 2111: 2080: 1961: 1952: 1944: 1943: 1908: 1802: 1739:Prajña (wisdom) 1735: 1712: 1676: 1650: 1619: 1588: 1586:Meaning of life 1573:God in Hinduism 1562: 1526: 1524:Supreme reality 1501:Subtle elements 1490: 1471: 1465: 1455: 1454: 1310: 1279: 1253: 1245: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1198: 1192: 1182: 1181: 1126: 1121:Hindu synthesis 1117: 1112: 1063: 1057: 1051: 985: 934:in Sanskrit as 922:is from Indian 912: 764: 729:The antonym of 720:varnasramdharma 594: 543:Mauryan Emperor 456:religious sense 403: 399: 352: 221:The concept of 190: 189: 181: 149: 145: 139: 138: 137: 136: 135: 129: 121: 120: 114: 105: 104: 103: 100: 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8867: 8847: 8845:, p. 100. 8835: 8813: 8770: 8750: 8741: 8728: 8713: 8697: 8688: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8656:Goodwin (1955) 8653: 8647: 8630: 8623: 8605: 8593: 8576: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8558: 8544: 8527: 8518: 8497: 8482: 8465: 8452: 8440: 8428: 8416: 8401: 8387: 8365: 8335: 8327:Ingalls (1957) 8319: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8306: 8283: 8265: 8248: 8220: 8208: 8179: 8152: 8140: 8128: 8116: 8114:, p. 112. 8101: 8099:, p. 326. 8089: 8077: 8064: 8062: 8061: 8060:, "Chapter 3". 8055: 8032: 8017: 7997: 7985: 7972: 7950: 7948:, pp. 213–248. 7929: 7914: 7902: 7879: 7872: 7852: 7825: 7816: 7804: 7792: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7734: 7716: 7701: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7675: 7660: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7634: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7606: 7580: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7564:, pp. 510–512. 7550: 7549:, pp. 543–544; 7529: 7508: 7488: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7455:Widgery (1930) 7452: 7438: 7426: 7396: 7361: 7345: 7331: 7319: 7307: 7294: 7287: 7269: 7250: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7198: 7186: 7174: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7155: 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The ancient 6855:Main article: 6852: 6849: 6796:Main article: 6793: 6790: 6775:adharmāstikāya 6747:pudgalāstikāya 6679: 6674: 6664: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6410: 6407:Silappatikaram 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6048: 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4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4131:Abirami Antati 4127: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4016: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3979:Ramcharitmanas 3975: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3940: 3933: 3930:Pramana Sutras 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3902:Mimamsa Sutras 3898: 3895:Samkhya Sutras 3891: 3884: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3860:Dharma Shastra 3855: 3854: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3535: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3494:Shvetashvatara 3490: 3483: 3476: 3469: 3466:Brihadaranyaka 3461: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3446: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3276:Upasni Maharaj 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3102:Vedanta Desika 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3022:Samarth Ramdas 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2972:Purandara Dasa 2969: 2964: 2959: 2957:Nimbarkacharya 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2877:Jayanta Bhatta 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2549: 2542: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2407:Raksha Bandhan 2404: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2289:Simantonnayana 2286: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2238:Carnatic music 2235: 2230: 2225: 2223:Bhagavata Mela 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2167:Kundalini yoga 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1617:Stages of life 1615: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1578:God and gender 1575: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1511:Gross elements 1508: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1312: 1311: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1167:Itihasa-Purana 1158: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1090: 1089: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1059: 1049: 984: 981: 911: 908: 888:Zoroastrianism 844:, and once as 763: 760: 593: 590: 500:Vedic Sanskrit 445:Vedic Sanskrit 431:, which means 351: 348: 207:untranslatable 205:is held as an 130: 123: 122: 118:stages of life 115: 108: 107: 106: 101: 94: 93: 89: 82: 81: 80: 75: 68: 67: 64:(non-violence) 59: 52: 51: 50: 46: 45: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11351: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11113:Parinama-vada 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10819: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10737:Padmasambhāva 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10642:Maṇḍana Miśra 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632:Abhinavagupta 10630: 10628: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10618: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10606: 10605:Yoga Vasistha 10602: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10529: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10498:All 108 texts 10496: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10487: 10486: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10468:Dharmashastra 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10453: 10451: 10450: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10442:Bhagavad Gita 10439: 10437: 10436: 10432: 10430: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10396:Integral yoga 10394: 10393: 10391: 10387: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10341:Shuddhadvaita 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10302: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10217: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10074: 10069: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10054: 10051: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10015: 10009: 10005: 10004: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9968: 9963: 9962: 9952: 9951: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9886:0-275-99006-0 9882: 9878: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9859: 9854: 9850: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9816: 9812: 9810:0-19-283882-2 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9708: 9707: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9687: 9686: 9680: 9676: 9674:9780826440273 9670: 9666: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9637: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9603: 9599: 9593: 9589: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9554: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9534: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9457: 9452: 9448: 9446:1-85567-102-6 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9416: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9373: 9372: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9303: 9291: 9285: 9279:, p. 70. 9278: 9273: 9265: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9240: 9233: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9188: 9182:, p. 75. 9181: 9176: 9168: 9162: 9158: 9157: 9149: 9141: 9135: 9131: 9130: 9122: 9114: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9095: 9087: 9085:90-04-03591-5 9081: 9077: 9076: 9068: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9047: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9001: 8993: 8987: 8983: 8982: 8977: 8971: 8969: 8960: 8954: 8950: 8949: 8941: 8935:, p. 22. 8934: 8929: 8922: 8917: 8910: 8905: 8897: 8891: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8864: 8860: 8859: 8851: 8844: 8839: 8831: 8829: 8820: 8818: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8763: 8757: 8755: 8745: 8738: 8732: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8692: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8650:Potter (1958) 8648: 8645: 8644:Koller (1972) 8642: 8641: 8637: 8635: 8626: 8620: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8597: 8590: 8586: 8580: 8571: 8562: 8561:Koller (1972) 8559: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8522: 8515: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8494: 8489: 8487: 8479: 8478:Olivelle 1999 8474: 8472: 8470: 8461:(in Sanskrit) 8456: 8449: 8444: 8437: 8432: 8425: 8420: 8413: 8408: 8406: 8397: 8391: 8384: 8383:0-88706-807-3 8380: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8363: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8343:Smith, Huston 8339: 8328: 8323: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8304: 8303:81-208-0638-7 8300: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8275: 8269: 8262: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8237:9780226252506 8234: 8230: 8224: 8218:, p. 43. 8217: 8212: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8159: 8157: 8149: 8144: 8138:, p. 12. 8137: 8132: 8125: 8120: 8113: 8108: 8106: 8098: 8097:Fritzman 2015 8093: 8087:, p. 50. 8086: 8081: 8074: 8068: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8024: 8022: 8015: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7994: 7989: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7954: 7947: 7946:0-415-21527-7 7943: 7939: 7933: 7926: 7921: 7919: 7911: 7906: 7899: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7875: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7856: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7832: 7830: 7820: 7813: 7808: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7771:, p. 37. 7770: 7767: 7764: 7763:Coward (2004) 7761: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7708: 7706: 7699:, p. 58. 7698: 7693: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7649: 7640: 7639: 7635: 7632: 7631:Bowker (2018) 7629: 7628: 7624: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7578:, p. 57. 7577: 7572: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7449:Rocher (2003) 7447: 7446: 7442: 7436:, p. 36. 7435: 7430: 7415: 7414: 7409: 7403: 7401: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7354: 7349: 7341: 7335: 7328: 7327:Brereton 2004 7323: 7316: 7311: 7304: 7298: 7290: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7190: 7183: 7178: 7171: 7165: 7156: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7072: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7020: 7019: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7003: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6955:Ashoka Chakra 6952: 6943: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6911:), and kama ( 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6804: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6782: 6781:dharmāstikāya 6776: 6770: 6769:dharmāstikāya 6764: 6763: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6734: 6733: 6726: 6725: 6718: 6717: 6710: 6705: 6697: 6692: 6691:dharmāstikāya 6685: 6678: 6677:Dharmāstikāya 6669: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6650: 6640: 6624: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6608: 6605: 6599: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6502: 6501: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6458: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6424: 6423: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6309: 6308: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:Samantabhadra 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6241:Major figures 6237: 6236: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218:Navkar Mantra 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Satya (truth) 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6128: 6127: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5936:Chan Buddhism 5930:Chan Buddhism 5927: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5863: 5860:" (Sanskrit: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5814:dhamma/dharma 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5771: 5766: 5764: 5759: 5757: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5506: 5505: 5498: 5497:Vegetarianism 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5452:Recollections 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5422:Five precepts 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5387:Chinese canon 5385: 5383: 5382:Tibetan canon 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5120: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5107:Dharmashastra 5104: 5099: 5093: 5083: 5080: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4808: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4760:According to 4753: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4604: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4531:Āpad dharma, 4530: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4500:In Hinduism, 4498: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4438: 4433: 4431: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4378: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4310:Hindu culture 4308: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4262:Organisations 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3986:Yoga Vasistha 3983: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3951:Natya Shastra 3948: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3888:Brahma Sutras 3885: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3834:Sthapatyaveda 3831: 3829: 3828: 3827:Gandharvaveda 3824: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3788:Varaha Purana 3785: 3783: 3782: 3781:Skanda Purana 3778: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3718:Brahma Purana 3715: 3713: 3712: 3711:Garuda Purana 3708: 3706: 3705: 3704:Matsya Purana 3701: 3699: 3698: 3697:Vāmana Purana 3694: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3669:Vishnu Purana 3666: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3613:Bhagavad Gita 3610: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196:Radhakrishnan 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3176:Narayana Guru 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3156:Jaggi Vasudev 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3146:Chinmayananda 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3007:Ramprasad Sen 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Gorakshanatha 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2797:Allama Prabhu 2795: 2793: 2792:Akka Mahadevi 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2782:Abhinavagupta 2780: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2731:Prashastapada 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2591:Other schools 2589: 2588: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2567:Shuddhadvaita 2564: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2248:Kalaripayattu 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2183:Bharatanatyam 2181: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2062:Nritta-Nritya 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1054: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023:Day proposes 1021: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 980: 978: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 950:Emperor Asoka 943: 939: 938: 933: 929: 925: 924:Emperor Asoka 921: 916: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884: 878: 876: 872: 869: 865: 861: 860:Indo-European 857: 855: 852:and twice as 851: 848:, 4 times as 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 798: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774: 769: 766:According to 759: 757: 753: 750:In Buddhism, 748: 746: 742: 738: 737: 732: 727: 725: 721: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 647:", "order", " 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 589: 587: 585: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556: 551: 547: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 511: 505: 501: 498:, and in the 497: 492: 490: 489: 484: 480: 478: 472: 468: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 427: 421: 397: 389: 385: 381: 380:Brahmi script 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 356: 347: 345: 341: 340: 335: 332:), and kama ( 331: 327: 323: 322: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 292: 287: 283: 282: 281:dhamma/dharma 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 252: 250: 246: 242: 241: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 208: 204: 200: 193: 187: 178: 173: 167: 143: 134: 127: 119: 116:Sannyasa and 112: 98: 86: 72: 63: 56: 40: 33: 19: 11314:Buddhist law 11213:Iccha-mrityu 11178:Satkaryavada 11078:Nididhyasana 11063:Matsya Nyaya 10982: 10797:Madhvacharya 10627:Adi Shankara 10620:Philosophers 10603: 10596: 10579: 10560: 10553: 10544:Shiva Sutras 10534:Sangam texts 10526: 10519: 10510:Nyāya Sūtras 10490: 10483: 10466: 10456:Brahma Sutra 10455: 10447: 10440: 10435:Arthashastra 10433: 10426: 10368:Pratyabhijna 10248:Anekantavada 10002: 9993: 9980: 9966: 9949: 9931: 9927: 9902: 9898: 9876: 9857: 9848: 9823: 9819: 9800: 9762: 9758: 9729: 9725: 9705: 9684: 9664: 9639: 9635: 9610: 9606: 9586: 9557: 9551: 9532: 9507: 9503: 9478: 9474: 9455: 9436: 9433:Flood, Gavin 9414: 9397: 9393: 9370: 9355:(2): 43–61. 9352: 9348: 9315: 9311: 9289: 9284: 9272: 9253: 9247: 9238: 9232: 9203: 9197: 9187: 9175: 9155: 9148: 9128: 9121: 9101: 9094: 9074: 9067: 9051: 9046: 9030: 9025: 9005: 9000: 8980: 8947: 8940: 8928: 8916: 8904: 8884: 8877: 8857: 8850: 8838: 8827: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8765: 8744: 8736: 8731: 8722: 8716: 8708: 8700: 8691: 8675: 8614: 8608: 8601:Widgery 1930 8596: 8587:, New York: 8584: 8579: 8570: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8530: 8521: 8455: 8443: 8431: 8419: 8395: 8390: 8338: 8322: 8309: 8286: 8268: 8261:Ingalls 1957 8223: 8216:Ingalls 1957 8211: 8201:, retrieved 8192: 8182: 8166: 8143: 8131: 8126:, p. 8. 8119: 8092: 8080: 8067: 8058:Rosen (2006) 8043: 8035: 8005: 8000: 7988: 7980: 7975: 7960: 7953: 7937: 7932: 7905: 7862: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7819: 7807: 7795: 7778: 7757:Flood (1998) 7749: 7739: 7730: 7719: 7692: 7682: 7663: 7656: 7648: 7636: 7623: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7598: 7571: 7553: 7544: 7532: 7496: 7491: 7441: 7429: 7419:14 September 7417:. Retrieved 7411: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7348: 7334: 7322: 7310: 7302: 7297: 7278: 7272: 7264: 7244: 7209: 7201: 7189: 7177: 7169: 7164: 7143: 7132: 7122: 7108: 7084: 7076: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7016: 6964: 6960:dharmachakra 6958: 6950: 6948: 6930: 6926: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6890: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6860: 6840: 6815: 6809: 6700:धर्मास्तिकाय 6687: 6676: 6667: 6661: 6638: 6611: 6609: 6597: 6595: 6528:Jain symbols 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6267: 6228:Jai Jinendra 6201:Jain prayers 6175: 6141: 6089:Kevala Jnana 6059:Anekantavada 5975: 5965: 5956: 5949: 5933: 5918: 5910:Three Jewels 5905: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5884: 5879: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5858:three realms 5853: 5851: 5846: 5833: 5829: 5827: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5781: 5779: 5447:Merit making 5412:Three Jewels 5352:Buddhavacana 5282:Impermanence 5270:Dharma wheel 5244: 5132: 5115: 5110: 5102: 5097: 5095: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5055: 5054: 5044: 5027: 5025: 5004: 5001:four āśramas 4998: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4916: 4900: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4883:and what is 4880: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4861: 4860: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4809:of Patanjali 4806: 4803: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4749: 4744: 4740: 4729:Yudhishthira 4716: 4713:Yudhishthira 4704: 4700: 4695: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4656: 4653:In the Epics 4645: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4608: 4606: 4586: 4582: 4570: 4564: 4549: 4532: 4512: 4501: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4447: 4446: 4369: / 4365: / 4361: / 4357: / 4355:and Buddhism 4353: / 4317:Architecture 4280:Other topics 4218: 4201: 4173:Four varnas: 4172: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4052: 4034: 4027: 4020: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3958:Panchatantra 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3909:Nyāya Sūtras 3907: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3867:Artha Śastra 3865: 3858: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3774:Kūrma Purana 3772: 3767:Linga Purana 3765: 3760:Shiva Purana 3758: 3751: 3746:Padma Purana 3744: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3667: 3644: 3637: 3622:s (Hinduism) 3619: 3611: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3532:Atharvaveda: 3531: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3464: 3457: 3448: 3441: 3434: 3396: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3246:Shraddhanand 3221:Ravi Shankar 3201:R. D. Ranade 3062:Śyāma Śastri 3057:Swaminarayan 3017:Rupa Goswami 2927:Morya Gosavi 2887:Jiva Goswami 2787:Adi Shankara 2613:Pratyabhijña 2579: 2572: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2344:Samavartanam 2324:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 2309:Annaprashana 2233:Dandiya Raas 2208:Mohiniyattam 2101:Nididhyāsana 1906:Epistemology 1838:Brahmacharya 1718:Ātman (self) 1681: 1625:Brahmacharya 1593: 1554:Saccidānanda 1506:Panchikarana 1382: 1315: 1306: / 1302:Other major 1226: 1160: 1159: 1114: 1046: 1043:are linked: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1013: 996: 992: 988: 986: 974: 947: 941: 935: 931: 891: 881: 879: 875:Indo-Iranian 870: 863: 858: 853: 849: 845: 842:satyadharman 841: 833: 827: 823: 799: 785: 777: 771: 770:, author of 765: 751: 749: 744: 740: 734: 730: 728: 723: 719: 715: 710: 690: 686: 684: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 661: 652: 632: 630: 625: 621: 595: 581: 570:he used the 553: 549: 540: 535: 527: 518:: धर्म). In 507: 493: 486: 474: 470: 464: 451: 447: 440: 436: 432: 428: 395: 393: 363: 343: 337: 333: 329: 325: 319: 311: 309: 304: 290: 279: 259: 253: 244: 238: 234: 222: 220: 211: 202: 141: 140: 11334:Natural law 11319:Puruṣārthas 11258:Vivartavada 11148:Rājamaṇḍala 11103:Paramananda 10903:Apauruṣheyā 10898:Anupalabdhi 10757:Vivekananda 10722:Dharmakirti 10682:Buddhaghosa 10672:Yājñavalkya 10479:Jain Agamas 10474:Hindu texts 10353:Navya-Nyāya 10289:Svatantrika 10284:Sautrāntika 10173:Vaisheshika 9879:. Praeger. 8976:Paul Dundas 8784:Mizuko Kuyo 8737:Ratio Juris 8493:Hacker 2006 8480:, p. . 8414:, p. . 8148:Grimes 1996 8136:Grimes 1996 8112:Grimes 1996 8085:Conlon 1994 7925:Koller 1972 7898:Hacker 2006 7812:Horsch 2004 7800:Horsch 2004 7729:"adharma", 7697:Jacobs 2010 7674:, pp. 80–95 7576:Jacobs 2010 7484:Horsch 2004 7355:, pp. 7194:Coward 2004 7112:see below: 6814:, the word 6786:metaphysics 6736:(non-soul, 6704:ontological 6623:daśa dharma 6620:, mentions 6538:Topics list 6463:Pilgrimages 6414:Valayapathi 6313:Major sects 6300:Yashovijaya 6104:Brahmacarya 5867:bhavachakra 5682:New Zealand 5537:Bodhisattva 5522:Four Stages 5477:Monasticism 5457:Mindfulness 5427:Perfections 5357:Early Texts 5009:brahmacārya 4905:Paul Hacker 4825:, suggests 4821:is part of 4807:Yoga Sutras 4698:Mahabharata 4573:concept in 4546:Yuga dharma 4481:, conduct, 4363:and Judaism 4359:and Sikhism 4327:Iconography 4252:Nationalism 4245:Persecution 4029:Shiva Stuti 3923:Yoga Sutras 3753:Agni Purana 3655:Other texts 3646:Mahabharata 3389:Atharvaveda 3286:Vivekananda 3211:Rama Tirtha 3206:Ramakrishna 3181:Nigamananda 3171:Mahesh Yogi 3047:Sripadaraja 3037:Siddheshwar 2932:Mukundarāja 2912:Madhusūdana 2902:Kanaka Dasa 2822:Chakradhara 2766:Yajnavalkya 2756:Vishvamitra 2625:Pancharatra 2523:Vaisheshika 2479:Ratha Yatra 2427:Janmashtami 2422:Rama Navami 2339:Ritushuddhi 2314:Chudakarana 2304:Nishkramana 2274:Garbhadhana 2243:Pandav Lila 2152:Bhakti yoga 2037:Prāyaścitta 1808:Niti śastra 1656:Bhakti yoga 1635:Vānaprastha 1450:Vishvakarma 1383:Post-Vedic: 1219:Vaishnavism 1161:Traditional 966:Paul Hacker 928:Afghanistan 902:, Sumerian 898:, Egyptian 818:Atharvaveda 776:, the word 743:, the word 548:translated 504:Atharvaveda 297:Tirthankara 11293:Categories 11208:Svātantrya 11098:Paramatman 11053:Kshetrajna 11028:Ishvaratva 10968:Cittabhumi 10963:Chidabhasa 10913:Asiddhatva 10833:Abhasavada 10807:Guru Nanak 10742:Vasubandhu 10568:Upanishads 10562:Tirukkuṟaḷ 10521:Panchadasi 10326:Bhedabheda 10274:Madhyamaka 10114:Monotheism 9542:0791430677 8794:(2): 477. 8705:Gonda, Jan 8448:Woods 1914 8436:Woods 1914 8424:Woods 1914 8412:Woods 1914 8239:. p. 124. 8203:2024-04-11 8189:"Kumārila" 8042:"Dharma", 8004:"Dharma", 7525:Rosen 2006 7377:(3): 351. 7182:Flood 1994 7095:References 6982:Dhammapada 6907:), artha ( 6892:Tirukkuṟaḷ 6750:), space ( 6616:, a major 6450:Samvatsari 6445:Paryushana 6328:Śvetāmbara 6295:Haribhadra 6285:Siddhasena 6280:Kundakunda 6188:Sallekhana 6114:Gunasthana 6109:Aparigraha 6051:Philosophy 5798:the Buddha 5555:Traditions 5492:Pilgrimage 5432:Meditation 5392:Post-canon 5372:Pāli Canon 5302:Middle Way 5199:The Buddha 5127:See also: 5017:vānprastha 4944:Manusmriti 4933:Puruṣārtha 4768:explained 4766:Vātsyāyana 4646:Mimamsakas 4579:Upanishads 4203:Varna-less 4075:Tiruppukal 4036:Vayu Stuti 4000:Panchadasi 3993:Swara yoga 3881:Kama Sutra 3820:Dhanurveda 3480:Taittiriya 3458:Yajurveda: 3450:Kaushitaki 3427:Upanishads 3419:Upanishads 3343:Scriptures 3191:Prabhupada 3107:Vidyaranya 2992:Ram Charan 2967:Prabhākara 2882:Jayatīrtha 2832:Dadu Dayal 2827:Chāngadeva 2686:Bharadwaja 2676:Ashtavakra 2442:Kumbh Mela 2390:Durga Puja 2319:Karnavedha 2299:Nāmakaraṇa 2228:Yakshagana 2157:Karma yoga 2147:Jnana yoga 2142:Hatha yoga 2079:Meditation 2052:Tirthadana 1833:Aparigraha 1689:Paramātman 1674:Liberation 1666:Karma yoga 1661:Jnana yoga 1390:Dattatreya 1190:Traditions 1115:Historical 868:Indo-Aryan 846:dharmavant 756:the Buddha 699:Upanishads 592:Definition 530:. In some 516:Devanagari 437:to support 328:), artha ( 321:Tirukkuṟaḷ 293:in Jainism 249:Puruṣārtha 182:pronounced 11309:Hindu law 11068:Mithyatva 10958:Chaitanya 10953:Catuṣkoṭi 10918:Asatkalpa 10893:Anavastha 10868:Aishvarya 10787:Sakayanya 10782:Sadananda 10747:Gaudapada 10732:Nagarjuna 10687:Patañjali 10503:Principal 10485:Kamasutra 10279:Yogachara 10198:Raseśvara 9978:(1955) . 9860:. Wiley. 9789:234164343 9781:2331-1886 9495:146705129 9340:170807380 9332:0022-1791 9224:144101632 8981:The Jains 8933:Jain 2012 8921:Jain 2011 8909:Cort 2001 8843:Cort 2001 7737:"adharma" 7391:1467-9795 7100:Citations 7015:From the 6977:Ayyavazhi 6923:Naladiyar 6839:connotes 6758:), time ( 6688:The term 6618:Jain text 6596:The word 6523:Jain flag 6513:Ekendriya 6488:Shikharji 6428:Festivals 6323:Digambara 6275:Ganadhara 6064:Cosmology 5962:Pariyatti 5957:In Pali: 5952:Theravada 5818:phenomena 5806:paṭipatti 5802:pariyatti 5702:Sri Lanka 5692:Singapore 5647:Indonesia 5587:Vajrayāna 5562:Theravāda 5517:Awakening 5405:Practices 5362:Tripiṭaka 5332:Cosmology 5307:Emptiness 5287:Suffering 5092:Hindu law 4963:). Other 4913:atmatusti 4827:Patanjali 4619:, 1.4.xiv 4526:Svadharma 4377:Criticism 4371:and Islam 4332:Mythology 4185:Kshatriya 4117:Athichudi 4054:Tirumurai 3972:Tirumurai 3581:Vyākaraṇa 3517:Chandogya 3509:Samaveda: 3397:Divisions 3375:Yajurveda 3335:Ātmatuṣṭi 3291:Yogananda 3266:Trailanga 3261:Sivananda 3126:Aurobindo 3112:Vyasaraja 3077:Tyagaraja 3027:Sankardev 2997:Ramananda 2892:Jñāneśvar 2867:Harivansh 2852:Gaudapada 2812:Chaitanya 2751:Vashistha 2721:Patanjali 2701:Jamadagni 2620:Vaishnava 2608:Pashupata 2385:Navaratri 2362:Festivals 2329:Upanayana 2294:Jatakarma 2279:Pumsavana 2198:Kuchipudi 2193:Kathakali 2162:Rāja yoga 2096:Samādhāna 1977:Prarthana 1951:Practices 1878:Svādhyāya 1482:Mythology 1477:Cosmology 1470:Worldview 1415:Kartikeya 1346:Prajapati 1285:Saraswati 804:, mainly 566:. In the 394:The word 378:) in the 374:: Dharma 350:Etymology 286:phenomena 11233:Tanmatra 11228:Tajjalan 11218:Syādvāda 11118:Pradhana 11093:Padārtha 11058:Lakshana 11003:Ekagrata 10848:Adrishta 10843:Adarsana 10821:Concepts 10802:Mahavira 10767:Ramanuja 10717:Chanakya 10652:Avatsara 10647:Valluvar 10587:Vedangas 10401:Gandhism 10304:Medieval 10253:Syādvāda 10238:Charvaka 10210:Pāṇiniya 10104:Idealism 9799:(1999). 9627:23497148 9584:(2011). 9574:23497312 8978:(2003). 8808:30673995 8358:Archived 8278:Archived 8245:59170383 8197:archived 7993:Day 1982 7540:"Dharma" 7408:"dharma" 7315:Day 1982 7241:"Dharma" 7142:(2009), 6971:See also 6696:Sanskrit 6665:— 6658:writes: 6607:(holy). 6478:Palitana 6263:Mahavira 6253:Rishabha 6183:Sāmāyika 6034:Timeline 5998:a series 5996:Part of 5862:tridhatu 5841:and the 5712:Thailand 5672:Mongolia 5667:Malaysia 5632:Cambodia 5597:Navayana 5577:Hinayana 5572:Mahāyāna 5482:Lay life 5312:Morality 5292:Not-self 5250:Concepts 5209:Councils 5194:Timeline 5166:Glossary 5148:Buddhism 5140:a series 5138:Part of 5123:Buddhism 5021:sannyāsa 5013:gṛhastha 4890:— 4868:states: 4721:Ramayana 4701:, dharma 4690:Lakshman 4666:Ramayana 4614:— 4593:Sanskrit 4452:Hinduism 4390:Glossary 4322:Calendar 4257:Hindutva 4180:Brahmana 3851:samhitas 3843:Shastras 3813:Ayurveda 3804:Upavedas 3639:Ramayana 3630:Itihasas 3596:Jyotisha 3563:Vedangas 3547:Mandukya 3443:Aitareya 3435:Rigveda: 3414:Aranyaka 3409:Brahmana 3382:Samaveda 3097:Valluvar 3092:Vallabha 3072:Tulsidas 3002:Ramanuja 2952:Nayanars 2937:Namadeva 2774:Medieval 2716:Kashyapa 2632:Charvaka 2603:Kapalika 2467:Puthandu 2457:Vaisakhi 2354:Antyesti 2334:Keshanta 2258:Adimurai 2253:Silambam 2218:Sattriya 2203:Manipuri 1888:Mitahara 1868:Santosha 1828:Achourya 1640:Sannyasa 1630:Gṛhastha 1489:Ontology 1463:Concepts 1251:Trimurti 1214:Smartism 1209:Shaktism 1204:Shaivism 1078:Hinduism 1070:a series 1068:Part of 1061:Hinduism 1050:— 970:eusebeia 937:eusebeia 854:dhariman 838:Rig-veda 830:Hinduism 705:and the 680:sanatana 657:loanword 610:Buddhism 606:Hinduism 562:and the 555:eusebeia 477:dhárman- 452:dharman- 426:Sanskrit 372:Sanskrit 364:dha-ṃ-ma 256:Buddhism 231:Hinduism 172:Sanskrit 133:teachers 11278:More... 11248:Upekkhā 11243:Uparati 11223:Taijasa 11198:Śūnyatā 11168:Saṃsāra 11163:Samadhi 11128:Prakṛti 11083:Nirvāṇa 11033:Jivatva 11023:Ikshana 10978:Devatas 10948:Bhumika 10938:Brahman 10928:Avyakta 10873:Akrodha 10853:Advaita 10812:More... 10707:Jaimini 10611:More... 10321:Advaita 10311:Vedanta 10269:Śūnyatā 10228:Ājīvika 10220:Nāstika 10188:Vedanta 10183:Mīmāṃsā 10163:Samkhya 10143:Ancient 10099:Atomism 10094:Atheism 9919:1396832 9840:1397421 9746:1398120 9656:1396833 9524:1396742 9300:Sources 9210:: 453. 7848:dhárman 7840:dhárman 7641:, 2007. 7263:(1986) 6820:Punjabi 6806:Sikhism 6798:Sikhism 6792:Sikhism 6740:anātman 6720:(soul, 6631: 6604:mangala 6518:Temples 6269:Arihant 6119:Saṃsāra 6029:History 6006:Jainism 5983:Jainism 5876:essence 5874:as the 5722:Vietnam 5677:Myanmar 5592:Tibetan 5582:Chinese 5510:Nirvāṇa 5327:Saṃsāra 5322:Rebirth 5187:History 5176:Outline 4978:asramas 4885:Adharma 4877:Adharma 4857:Sources 4842:niyamas 4804:In the 4733:deities 4696:In the 4642:Jaimini 4631:Mimamsa 4483:virtues 4395:Outline 4190:Vaishya 4158:Society 4009:Stotras 3660:Puranas 3586:Nirukta 3576:Chandas 3571:Shiksha 3554:Prashna 3540:Mundaka 3404:Samhita 3368:Rigveda 3231:Samarth 3067:Tukaram 3012:Ravidas 2746:Valmiki 2696:Jaimini 2666:Angiras 2661:Agastya 2653:Ancient 2539:Advaita 2533:Vedanta 2528:Mīmāṃsā 2508:Samkhya 2395:Ramlila 2137:Sādhanā 2027:Tarpana 2012:Kīrtana 2007:Bhajana 1958:Worship 1883:Shaucha 1858:Akrodha 1704:Saṃsāra 1568:Ishvara 1537:Nirguna 1532:Brahman 1496:Tattvas 1420:Krishna 1405:Hanuman 1400:Ganesha 1336:Chandra 1331:Ashvins 1295:Parvati 1290:Lakshmi 1277:Tridevi 1243:Deities 1150:Śramaṇa 1130:History 1111:Origins 1101:History 1033:Rigveda 977:deities 962:Aramaic 871:dhárman 850:dharman 834:Dharman 814:deities 802:Deities 794:Brahman 790:Rigveda 782:Rigveda 762:History 745:adharma 736:adharma 703:Puranas 618:Jainism 614:Sikhism 572:Aramaic 520:Prakrit 510:dhárma- 502:of the 483:deities 473:-stem, 467:Rigveda 465:In the 433:to hold 386:in his 360:Prakrit 301:Sikhism 216:adharma 11253:Utsaha 11203:Sutram 11193:Sthiti 11188:Sphoṭa 11158:Sakshi 11143:Puruṣa 11123:Prajna 11088:Niyama 11048:Kasaya 10993:Dravya 10983:Dharma 10943:Bhuman 10933:Bhrama 10888:Ananta 10883:Anatta 10878:Aksara 10863:Ahimsa 10838:Abheda 10828:Abhava 10777:Raikva 10697:Kapila 10692:Kanada 10389:Modern 10363:Shaiva 10331:Dvaita 10233:Ajñana 10193:Shaiva 10151:Āstika 10134:Moksha 10087:Topics 10010: 9917: 9883: 9864: 9838: 9807: 9787: 9779: 9744: 9713: 9692: 9671: 9654: 9625: 9594: 9572: 9539: 9522: 9493: 9462: 9443: 9421: 9378: 9338: 9330: 9260: 9222: 9163: 9136: 9109: 9082: 9058: 9037: 9012: 8988: 8955: 8892: 8865: 8828:Dhamma 8806: 8780:Dharma 8762:dhamma 8682: 8621: 8381: 8349: 8301: 8243: 8235: 8173: 8050: 8012: 7967: 7958:"Māyā" 7944: 7870: 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