293:, although other German-language publications and the press in general were targets. The NKVD arrested a number of the editorial staff in February 1938, returning several times to arrest others, finally having more than 40 members of the staff in custody, leaving an insufficient number of people—seven—who could write and translate into German. There was a new editor-in-chief, Karl Hoffmann, who, as a defensive measure, made the editorial staff live at the DZZ offices and were not allowed to leave. Hoffmann himself nonetheless came under threat from the NKVD. At that point, the DZZ and other publications were printed by
29:
299:, but the system was precarious. Censors oversaw publication, but sometimes refused to meet their deadline, putting the editor and staff at risk of arrest in the event of publication, or causing the newspaper to miss its printing schedule and be issued late. More staff were hired, but they were inadequate to the task, possessing only moderate German skills, unable to write and unschooled in journalism. The DZZ ceased publication in summer 1939.
365:, he obtained the best possibility to convince himself of the boundless brutality of the Petliurian bandits: in a dining hall for the poorest Jewish populace, he was surrounded by orphans, whose parents were slain by the bandits. Thus, Lecache was finally able to ascertain that Petliura actually had organized
394:
In 1936, there were 1,116 people sentenced to death; in 1937, there were 353,680. Between 1937 and 1938, the purges were so massive, that at one point, in the space of a few days, over a thousand people were shot in Moscow alone. Paul Jäkel, a KPD functionary, estimated that in April 1938 alone, more
288:
were taking place, the DZZ published pages of transcripts of the proceedings, however there were no reports of the outcomes of the trials though many hundreds of German-speakers were arrested, imprisoned and executed. The DZZ itself, because of its non-Russian and international staff, largely
180:
The large number of
Germans living in the Soviet Union supported many publications in the German language in the 1930s. With the growing pressures of a growing police state, a number of German-language publications closed, leaving fewer than two dozen. The
763:
Document 59: Letter and supporting materials from
Dimitrov to Merkulov requesting a review of the cases of E. O. Valter, A. L. Khigerovich (Razumova) and seventeen arrested political emigres
160:(see image) and contained translations of Russian articles and speeches, reviews, articles from and about other countries, and it publicized pronouncements and information from the
322:, Hermann, Richter, StĂĽrmann, Franz Falk, an editor and Karl Filippovich Kurshner, an editor-in-chief, and Knodt, who was arrested in December 1940, and perished in a
207:. Articles detailed the accomplishments of the Soviet Union in agriculture and industry, advancements in technology and aviation. There were also early reports about
303:
230:
The staff was composed of political exiles from
Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France. Many German political exiles wrote articles for the DZZ, including
424:"Histoire culturelle des Allemands au Kazakhstan de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours : des efforts d’enracinement aux perspectives de retour"
855:
172:) arrested so many of the staff that it no longer had enough people to continue operation. The newspaper remained without a successor until 1957.
480:"Document 20: Cadres Department memorandum on "Trotskyists and other hostile elements in the emigre community of the German CP" (See footnote xv)
860:
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and by Werner Hirsch, also in
October 1934, of his confinement at several camps. In December 1935, the DZZ published reports from the
772:
Yale
University. (Translated from the original Russian.) Labeled "Secret Information". (28 February 1941). Retrieved 15 December 2011
302:
Julia
Annenkova, who was close to Stalin, was editor in chief from 1934 to June 1937. Annenkova was arrested in connection with the
405:
gives the figure of 681,692 executions carried out for political crimes in 1937 and 1938 in the Soviet Union, in what he terms the
349:
in Kiev". It reads, "The French journalist
Lecache, who, as is known, has come to the Soviet Union to gather material to defend
523:
345:
A clipping from 22 September 1926 (see image) gives an example of the nature and tone of DZZ articles. The article is titled, "
185:(DZZ) was founded in 1925. It was published in Moscow from 1926 to mid-1939 and was the Communist Party organ, "equivalent to
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heated up, on 9 August 1936, the DZZ followed the Soviet press in its drumbeat against "enemy infiltrators". While the
227:, with specific information about names and numbers, including how many prisoners there were in different categories.
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Der stalinistische
Parteikader: Identitätsstiftende Praktiken und Diskurse in der Sowjetunion der dreißiger Jahre
256:
wrote articles as a special correspondent from Spain. Other writers included German workers who emigrated to the
839:
Leibniz
Information Centre for Economics. "Das Maxim Gorki-Archiv" (6 October 1926). Retrieved 7 December 2011
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and other top Soviet officials, government pronouncements and German translations of important articles from
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Yale
University. (Translated from the original Russian.) Memo labeled "Top Secret" sent to
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than 70 percent of the KPD members exiled in the Soviet Union were arrested. In his book
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from Moisei Borisovich Chernomordik, Cadres Department (1936). Retrieved 7 December 2011
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intellectual, artistic and often politically active, became a particular target of the
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on 10 September 1934 and 27 October 1934 about his own experiences as a prisoner in
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Christoph Links Verlag (November 1998), pp. 84–85. Retrieved 15 December 2011
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Sheridan Books (2001), p. 485, see footnote 23. Retrieved 6 December 2011
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Der Traum von Hitlers Sturz: Studien zur deutschen Exilliteratur 1933-1945
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After the DZZ stopped publishing, nothing replaced it until 1957, when
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in 1936. There were also reviews, such as the one by Hugo Huppert of a
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426:(Doctoral dissertation) Université Lumière Lyon 2 (19 September 2003)
789:, H. 81/82 (July/August 1997), p. 95. Retrieved 6 December 2011
714:, H. 81/82 (July/August 1997), p. 85. Retrieved 6 December 2011
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University of North Carolina Press (1985), p. 309, footnote 68.
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Editions Payot (1987), Translated by David Fernbach. Verso (2006).
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Weimar in Exile: The Antifascist Emigration in Europe and America
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and visiting the locales in which Petliura once "kept house". In
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for work, rather than political reasons and non-Germans, such as
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783:"Der Antikomintern-Block – Prozeßstruktur und Opferperspektive"
708:"Der Antikomintern-Block – Prozeßstruktur und Opferperspektive"
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political exiles from Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France
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306:. Others connected with the DZZ who were arrested in the
802:"Lecache in Kiew (Deutsche Zentral-Zeitung, 1926-09-22)"
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in Moskau" (3 June 1928). Retrieved 7 December 2011
732:, No. 38 (August 2009). Retrieved 12 November 2011
601:Paul Robeson: The Years of Promise and Achievement
148:) was the German-language newspaper published in
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33:Clipping of a DZZ article from 22 September 1926
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627:. Retrieved 8 December 2011
467:Retrieved 15 December 2011
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250:Communist Party of Germany
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837:Scan of short DZZ article
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727:„Emigranten: Hotel Lux“
463:Sabrina Dorlin (2003),
272:novel on 29 June 1936.
248:, the newspaper of the
203:, the newspaper of the
154:Communist International
65:Communist International
747:Spielräume und Grenzen
234:, who wrote under his
205:Soviet Communist Party
63:German section of the
636:Jean Michel Palmier,
526:26 April 2012 at the
262:William L. Patterson
238:of "Kurt Funk"; and
824:Scan of DZZ article
768:27 May 2012 at the
532:Mennonite Historian
304:anti-Comintern bloc
99:Political alignment
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353:, the murderer of
197:Vyacheslav Molotov
110:Ceased publication
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781:Reinhard MĂĽller,
706:Reinhard MĂĽller,
695:978-0-224-08141-2
616:Lukács and Brecht
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730:Geo Epoche
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687:Bloodlands
434:References
398:Bloodlands
276:The purges
245:Rote Fahne
240:Hans Knodt
236:cadre name
221:Rote Hilfe
54:Broadsheet
103:Communist
60:Publisher
44:newspaper
766:Archived
524:Archived
483:Archived
355:Petliura
335:New Life
296:Izvestia
417:Sources
367:pogroms
359:Ukraine
347:Lecache
280:As the
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223:about
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