74:
275:
32:
423:. Army muster rolls included detailed inventories of the warriors' horses: less than 5% of the warhorses were classified as destriers, owned only by a small elite of the most wealthy knights. However, because of destriers' relative scarcity and consequent infrequent sale and purchase, reliable price information for the period has not often survived.
411:, a fine destrier was valued at seven or eight times the cost of an ordinary horse. In England, the specific sum of eighty pounds (in this context a pound was 240 silver pennies, which amounted to one pound of silver by weight) was noted at the end of the thirteenth century. During the important military campaigns of
352:. Modern estimates put the height of a destrier at no more than 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm), but with a strong and heavy physique. Though the term "Great Horse" was used to describe the destrier, leading some historians to speculate that such animals were the forerunners of modern
250:
They had powerful hindquarters, able to easily coil and spring to a stop, spin, turn or sprint forward quickly. They also had a short back and well-muscled loin, strong bone, and a well-arched neck. From medieval art, the head of the destrier appears to have had a straight or slightly
202:
at the knight's right side, as often before battle the destrier ran unburdened to keep it fresh for the fray; the knight rode another horse, mounting his destrier just before engaging the enemy. Alternatively, it could describe the horse's
310:(56 to 60 inches, 142 to 152 cm), and differed from a riding horse in their strength, musculature and training, rather than in their size. An analysis of medieval
318:
indicates the equipment was originally worn by horses of 15 to 16 hands (60 to 64 inches, 152 to 163 cm), about the size and build of a modern
53:
375:
Modern attempts to reproduce the destrier type usually involve crossing an athletic riding horse with a light draft type. Outcomes of such attempts include
368:
draft breed may in part descend from destriers, though it is probably taller and heavier than the average destrier. Other draft breeds such as the
756:
298:
Many well-known scholars have speculated about the nature of destriers and about the size they attained. They apparently were not enormous
40:
416:
415:
in the middle of the fourteenth century, the increased demand for warhorses brought about considerable price inflation: in 1339
306:, using literary, pictorial and archeological sources, suggests war horses (including destriers) averaged from 14 to 15
78:
853:
73:
813:
779:
740:
715:
677:
656:
633:
227:, bred and raised from foalhood specifically for the needs of war. The destrier was specifically for use in
644:
120:, the destrier was not very common. Most knights and mounted men-at-arms rode other war horses, such as
488:
293:
274:
863:
45:
223:
of horse, but to a type of horse; the finest and strongest warhorses. These horses were usually
651:
UK: Grange Books (originally published by Harper
Collins in three volumes, 1969, 1974, 1990)
412:
232:
145:
102:
164:
380:
356:
breeds, the historical record does not support the image of the destrier as a draft horse.
325:
220:
806:
Knights and warhorses : military service and the
English aristocracy under Edward III
733:
Standards of living in the later Middle Ages : social change in
England, c. 1200-1520
8:
526:
152:
858:
750:
809:
775:
736:
711:
673:
652:
629:
621:
451:
263:
90:
388:
337:
303:
228:
20:
689:
542:
467:
315:
121:
19:
This article is about the type of war horse. For the album by Agent Fresco, see
396:
341:
160:
137:
847:
349:
333:
286:
240:
432:
319:
180:
369:
353:
307:
299:
117:
94:
708:
Making a living in the middle ages : the people of
Britain 850-1520
332:
suggest a "Spanish" style of horse that today would be referred to as a
252:
589:
514:
497:
204:
562:, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p 23; Prestwich, Michael.
392:
384:
376:
365:
345:
278:
244:
420:
408:
282:
224:
106:
419:
lost a destrier valued at one hundred pounds while on campaign in
311:
236:
125:
31:
199:
98:
626:
Armies and
Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience.
255:
profile, a strong, wide jaw, and good width between the eyes.
564:
Armies and
Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience
456:
Armies and
Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience
329:
259:
772:
Medieval warfare source book. Warfare in
Western Christendom
486:(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1952–2001), s.v.
262:: coursers seem to have been preferred for other forms of
372:
claim destrier ancestry, though proof is less certain.
163:
spelling derives). The word is also found in medieval
407:
A good destrier was very costly: at the times of the
670:
The
Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450.
808:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. 215.
594:
The
Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450
577:
The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450
560:
The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450
258:The destrier was considered the most suited to the
474:, Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998, pp 11-12
109:. It was described by contemporary sources as the
710:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 238.
579:, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p. 25
845:
596:, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p 23
359:
566:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p 30
549:, Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998, p 11
458:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p 30
617:
615:
235:; for everyday riding, a knight would use a
179:). These forms themselves derived from the
144:. It was borrowed into Middle English from
755:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
612:
417:William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton
395:, a cross between the Andalusian and the
302:types. Recent research undertaken at the
198:). This may refer to it being led by the
628:New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 30
273:
239:, and his baggage would be carried on a
72:
56:of all important aspects of the article.
769:
609:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59
599:
533:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59
846:
513:, Oxford University Press, July 2018,
496:, Oxford University Press, July 2018,
81:unseats an opponent during a skirmish.
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
803:
774:. London: Brockhampton. p. 267.
730:
705:
569:
515:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/51097
498:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/51097
269:
186:, meaning "right-sided horse" (from
25:
672:Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press
116:While highly prized by knights and
13:
210:
14:
875:
607:English Medieval Knight 1300-1400
531:English Medieval Knight 1300-1400
190:, "right hand", the same root as
30:
831:
822:
797:
788:
763:
724:
699:
683:
662:
638:
592:, quoted in: Clark, John (Ed).
492:. Cf. "destrer | destrier, n."
44:may be too short to adequately
582:
552:
536:
520:
503:
477:
461:
445:
136:The word is first attested in
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
696:, Referenced August 12, 2008.
694:Spanish-Norman Horse Registry
649:Daily Life in Medieval Times.
517:. Accessed 12 September 2018.
500:. Accessed 12 September 2018.
438:
360:Descendants and reproductions
558:See e.g.: Clark, John (Ed).
344:, or even a heavy but agile
131:
7:
645:Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph
426:
113:, due to its significance.
10:
880:
854:Warfare of the Middle Ages
735:. Cambridge . p. 72.
731:Dyer, Christopher (1989).
706:Dyer, Christopher (2002).
322:or ordinary riding horse.
291:
247:), or possibly in wagons.
207:(leading with the right).
18:
509:"destrer | destrier, n."
484:Middle English Dictionary
294:Horses in the Middle Ages
668:Clark, John (Ed) (2004)
402:
770:Nicolle, David (2002).
383:", a cross between the
77:Mounted on a destrier,
804:Ayton, Andrew (1994).
605:Gravett, Christopher.
547:A Knight and his Horse
472:A Knight and his Horse
289:
281:horses competing in a
82:
326:Equestrian sculptures
292:Further information:
277:
76:
527:Gravett, Christopher
219:does not refer to a
622:Prestwich, Michael
575:Clark, John (Ed).
452:Prestwich, Michael
348:breed such as the
290:
171:) and Italian (as
89:is the best-known
83:
837:Ayton (1994) p.41
828:Ayton (1994) p.63
794:Ayton (1994) p.47
270:Breeding and size
71:
70:
16:Type of war horse
871:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
819:
801:
795:
792:
786:
785:
767:
761:
760:
754:
746:
728:
722:
721:
703:
697:
687:
681:
666:
660:
642:
636:
619:
610:
603:
597:
586:
580:
573:
567:
556:
550:
543:Oakeshott, Ewart
540:
534:
524:
518:
507:
501:
481:
475:
468:Oakeshott, Ewart
465:
459:
449:
338:Andalusian horse
304:Museum of London
184:equus dextrarius
159:(from which the
155:counterpart was
140:around 1330, as
66:
63:
57:
34:
26:
21:Destrier (album)
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
870:
869:
868:
844:
843:
842:
841:
836:
832:
827:
823:
816:
802:
798:
793:
789:
782:
768:
764:
748:
747:
743:
729:
725:
718:
704:
700:
690:"Breed Profile"
688:
684:
667:
663:
643:
639:
620:
613:
604:
600:
587:
583:
574:
570:
557:
553:
541:
537:
525:
521:
508:
504:
482:
478:
466:
462:
450:
446:
441:
429:
413:King Edward III
405:
362:
316:Royal Armouries
314:located in the
296:
272:
213:
211:Characteristics
134:
79:Richard Marshal
67:
61:
58:
51:
39:This article's
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
877:
867:
866:
864:Types of horse
861:
856:
840:
839:
830:
821:
814:
796:
787:
780:
762:
741:
723:
716:
698:
682:
661:
637:
611:
598:
581:
568:
551:
535:
519:
502:
476:
460:
443:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
428:
425:
404:
401:
397:Friesian horse
381:Spanish-Norman
361:
358:
342:Friesian horse
336:, such as the
271:
268:
212:
209:
161:Modern English
138:Middle English
133:
130:
69:
68:
48:the key points
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
876:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
834:
825:
817:
815:9780851155685
811:
807:
800:
791:
783:
781:1-86019-889-9
777:
773:
766:
758:
752:
744:
742:9780521272155
738:
734:
727:
719:
717:9780300090604
713:
709:
702:
695:
691:
686:
679:
678:1-8438-3097-3
675:
671:
665:
658:
657:1-84013-811-4
654:
650:
646:
641:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
608:
602:
595:
591:
585:
578:
572:
565:
561:
555:
548:
544:
539:
532:
528:
523:
516:
512:
506:
499:
495:
491:
490:
485:
480:
473:
469:
464:
457:
453:
448:
444:
434:
431:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:such as the "
378:
373:
371:
367:
357:
355:
354:draught horse
351:
350:Irish Draught
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:Baroque horse
331:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
288:
287:Codex Manesse
284:
280:
276:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
248:
246:
242:
241:sumpter horse
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
208:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:. It carried
96:
92:
88:
80:
75:
65:
62:February 2022
55:
49:
47:
42:
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
833:
824:
805:
799:
790:
771:
765:
732:
726:
707:
701:
693:
685:
680:, pp. 25, 29
669:
664:
648:
640:
625:
606:
601:
593:
584:
576:
571:
563:
559:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
510:
505:
493:
487:
483:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
406:
374:
363:
324:
320:field hunter
312:horse armour
297:
257:
249:
216:
214:
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:Vulgar Latin
176:
172:
168:
156:
148:
146:Anglo-Norman
141:
135:
115:
110:
101:in battles,
86:
84:
59:
43:
41:lead section
364:The modern
279:Caparisoned
118:men-at-arms
111:Great Horse
103:tournaments
95:Middle Ages
848:Categories
634:0300076630
590:Ann Hyland
511:OED Online
494:OED Online
439:References
433:Žemaitukas
391:; and the
389:Andalusian
377:crossbreds
233:tournament
153:Old French
859:Warhorses
751:cite book
588:study by
393:Warlander
385:Percheron
366:Percheron
346:warmblood
285:from the
245:packhorse
225:stallions
215:The word
196:dexterity
177:destriero
173:destriere
165:Provençal
132:Etymology
91:war horse
46:summarize
427:See also
421:Flanders
409:Crusades
387:and the
217:destrier
192:dextrous
169:destrier
157:destrier
151:, whose
126:rounceys
122:coursers
87:destrier
659:, p. 88
647:(2005)
624:(1996)
489:destrēr
264:warfare
237:palfrey
149:destrer
142:destrer
99:knights
93:of the
812:
778:
739:
714:
676:
655:
632:
253:convex
229:battle
200:squire
188:dextra
107:jousts
105:, and
403:Value
370:Shire
330:Italy
308:hands
300:draft
283:joust
260:joust
221:breed
810:ISBN
776:ISBN
757:link
737:ISBN
712:ISBN
674:ISBN
653:ISBN
630:ISBN
243:(or
205:gait
194:and
167:(as
124:and
85:The
328:in
231:or
850::
753:}}
749:{{
692:,
614:^
545:.
529:.
470:.
454:.
399:.
340:,
266:.
175:,
128:.
818:.
784:.
759:)
745:.
720:.
64:)
60:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
