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883:
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408:, written during the 1390s, and covering the period of 1327 to 1400, contain many details concerning jousting in this era. The combat was now expected to be non-lethal, and it was unnecessary to incapacitate the opponent, who was expected to honourably yield to the dominant fighter. The combat was divided into rounds of three encounters with various weapons, of which the joust proper was one. During this time, the joust detached itself from the reality on the battlefield and became a chivalric sport. Knights would seek opportunities to duel opponents from the hostile camp for honour off the battlefield.
249:
945:
594:
1.25-or-1.5-inch-thick (3.2 or 3.8 cm) wood, depending on the progression of a joust. Instead of the sharp tip of war lances, a jousting lance has a blunt tip with a wider impact surface, putting more force into the impact on the shield rather than impaling the opponent. The tip of the lance is made of metal and is usually in the shape of a fist or three prongs flayed out from the center. The three-pronged tip allows for the lance to lock on the shield of the opponent and direct force into the impact.
36:
914:
321:
514:. The purpose of the tilt barrier was to prevent collisions and to keep the combatants at an optimal angle for breaking the lance. This greatly facilitated the control of the horse and allowed the rider to concentrate on aiming the lance. The introduction of the barrier seems to have originated in the south, as it only became a standard feature of jousting in Germany in the 16th century, and was there called the Italian or "
538:). Later it could be as high as ten or even twelve. In the 1387 encounter, the first four courses of the joust were run without decisive outcome, but in the fifth Sir Thomas was unhorsed and lost consciousness. He was revived, however, and all the strokes and blows could be duly exchanged, without any further injury.
697:
and ten of his companions encamped in a field beside a bridge and challenged each knight who wished to cross it to a joust. This road was used by pilgrims all over Europe on the way to a shrine at
Santiago de Compostela, and at this time of the summer, many thousands would cross the bridge. Suero and
431:
Is there among you any gentleman who for the love of his lady is willing to try with me some feat of arms? If there should be any such, here I am, quite ready to sally forth completely armed and mounted, to tilt three courses with the lance, to give three blows with the battle axe, and three strokes
558:
Another encounter took place between John de
Chatelmorant and Jannequin Clinton, in which the Englishman was unhorsed. Finally Chatelmorant fought with Sir William Farrington, the former receiving a dangerous wound in the thigh, for which the Englishman was greatly blamed, as being an infraction of
452:
They met each other roughly with spears, and the French squire tilted much to the satisfaction of the earl: but the
Englishman kept his spear too low, and at last struck it into the thigh of the Frenchman. The earl of Buckingham as well as the other lords were much enraged by this, and said it was
457:
In spite of the French squire's injury, the duel was continued with three thrusts with the sword. After this, the encounter was stopped because of the
Micaille's loss of blood. He was given leave to rejoin his garrison with a reward of a hundred francs by the earl of Buckingham, who stated that he
1155:
L.F. Salzman, "English Life in the Middle Ages," Oxford, 1950. "These early tournaments were very rough affairs and in every sense, quite unlike the chivalrous contests of later days; the rival parties fought in groups, and it was considered not only fair but commendable to hold off until you saw
533:
A knightly duel in this period usually consisted in three courses of jousting, and three blows and strokes exchanged with battle-axes, swords, and daggers. This number tended to be extended towards the end of the century, until the most common number was five, as in the duel between Sir Thomas
554:
advanced from the ranks and jousted three courses, without hurt. A duel followed between Edward
Beauchamp, son of Sir Robert Beauchamp, and the bastard Clarius de Savoye. Clarius was much the stronger man of the two, and Beauchamp was unhorsed. The bastard then offered to fight another English
307:
in general and not limited to the lance. Combatants would begin riding on one another with the lance, but might continue with shorter range weapons after the distance was closed or after one or both parties had been unhorsed. Tournaments in the High
Medieval period were much rougher and less
593:
Jousting lances are modified from their original war form for sports and entertainment. For warfare, lances are made of metal, but jousting lances are made of wood and tipped with metal, which allows them to break on impact with the opponent's shield. The lance is typically constructed from
549:
and the Earl of
Buckingham. The first encounter was a combat on foot, with sharp spears, in which one of the cavaliers was slightly wounded; the pair then ran three courses with the lance without further mishap. Next Sir John Ambreticourt of Hainault and Sir Tristram de la Jaille of
340:
in general. It was now considered dishonourable to exploit an opponent's disadvantage, and knights would pay close attention to avoid being in a position of advantage, seeking to gain honour by fighting against the odds. This romanticised "chivalric revival" was based on the
601:
intended for combat, and could weigh as much as 50 kg (110 lb), compared to some 25 kg (55 lb) for field armour; as it did not need to permit free movement of the wearer, the only limiting factor was the maximum weight that could be carried by a
461:
Froissart describes a tournament at
Cambray in 1385, held on the marriage of the Count d'Ostrevant to the daughter of Duke Philip of Burgundy. The tournament was held in the market-place of the town, and forty knights took part. The king jousted with a knight of
272:. By the 14th century, many members of the nobility, including kings, had taken up jousting to showcase their own courage, skill and talents, and the sport proved just as dangerous for a king as a knight, and from the 15th century on, jousting became a sport (
1156:
some of your adversaries getting tired and then to join in the attack on them; the object was not to break a lance in the most approved style, but frankly to disable as many opponents as possible for the sake of obtaining their spears, arms, and ransoms."
501:
meant "a meeting" and referred to arranged combat in general, not just the jousting with lances. At some point in the 14th century, a cloth barrier was introduced as an option to separate the contestants. This barrier was presumably known as
382:, originally a term for "boyhood, youth") came to be used as a junior rank of nobility. By the later 14th century, the term became romanticised for the ideal of the young nobleman seeking to prove himself in honourable exploits, the
443:
When they had taken their stations, they gave to each of them a spear, and the tilt began; but neither of them struck the other, from the mettlesomeness of their horses. They hit the second onset, but it was by darting their
506:
in Middle
English (a term with an original meaning of "a cloth covering"). It became a wooden barrier or fence in the 15th century, now known as "tilt barrier", and "tilt" came to be used as a term for the joust itself by
1004:
in 1993. Members of this group began to practice jousting competitively, and their first tournament was held in 1997. Adams founded the World
Championship Jousting Association (WCJA) as a body dedicated to jousting as a
486:, was the arena where a jousting event was held. More precisely, it was the roped-off enclosure where tournament fighting took place. In the late medieval period, castles and palaces were augmented by purpose-built
1093:
698:
his men swore to "break 300 lances" before moving on. The men fought for over a month, and after 166 battles Suero and his men were so injured they could not continue and declared the mission complete.
362:
was a term for a servant. In the 12th century, it became used of a military follower in particular. Also in the 12th century, a special class of noblemen serving in cavalry developed, known as
897:
721:
were two sportive forms of the joust developed during the 15th century and practised throughout the 16th century. The armours used for these two respective styles of the joust were known as
846:, 24 March, until 1624, the year before his death. In the early 17th century, the joust was replaced as the equine highlight of court festivities by large "horse-ballet" displays called
745:
in particular developed into extremely heavy armour which completely inhibited the movement of the rider, in its latest forms resembling an armour-shaped cabin integrated into the
882:
466:, Sir John Destrenne, for the prize of a clasp of precious stones, taken off from the bosom of the Duchess of Burgundy; it was won by Sir Destrenne, and formally presented by the
1617:
439:
Micaille came to meet his opponent with attendants carrying three lances, three battle-axes, three swords and three daggers. The duel began with a joust, described as follows:
555:
champion, and an esquire named Jannequin Finchly came forward in answer to the call; the combat with swords and lances was very violent, but neither of the parties was hurt.
835:
The tilt continued through Henry VIII and onto the reign of Elizabeth I. Under her rule, tournaments were seen as more of a parade or show than an actual martial exercise.
390:, including the joust. By the 15th century, "knightly" virtues were sought by the noble classes even of ranks much senior than "knight". The iconic association of the
867:
2658:
1196:
Chronicles of England, France, Spain and the adjoining countries from the latter part of the reign of Edward II to the coronation of Henry IV in 12 volumes
1035:
to serve as designated target areas. Instead of using a shield, the jousters aim for such a reinforcing piece added to the armour's left shoulder known as
1817:
1210:
1823:
436:
The challenge was answered by a squire named Joachim Cator, who said "I will deliver him from his vow: let him make haste and come out of the castle."
1168:
The Waning of the Middle Ages: A Study of the Forms of Life, Thought and Art in France and the Netherlands in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
312:. The rival parties would fight in groups, with the aim of incapacitating their adversaries for the sake of gaining their horses, arms and ransoms.
284:
From the 11th to 14th centuries when medieval jousting was still practised in connection with the use of the lance in warfare, armour evolved from
985:
in England. Groups like the Knights of Royal England travel around Britain and Europe staging medieval jousting tournaments. At the Danish museum
1984:
794:
was developed on the request of Maximilian, who desired a return to a more agile form of joust compared to the heavily armoured "full contact"
759:
1592:
1643:
854:
lasted until the 18th century. Ring tournaments were introduced into North America, and jousting continues as the state sport of Maryland.
490:
as a venue for "jousting tournaments". Training for such activities included the use of special equipment, of which the best-known was the
1944:
1670:
559:
the rules of the tourney, but an accident was pleaded just as in the case of the 1380 duel between Gauvain Micaille and Joachim Cator.
1621:
842:
was held in November 1602; Elizabeth died the following spring. Tilts continued as part of festivities marking the Accession Day of
873:
345:
of the high medieval period, which noblemen tried to "reenact" in real life, sometimes blurring the lines of reality and fiction.
2110:
180:
Jousting on horse is based on the military use of the lance by heavy cavalry. It transformed into a specialized sport during the
1067:
958:
have been active since the 1970s. A more popular modern-day jousting show took place in 1972 at the Principality of Gwrych in
1788:
1769:
1481:
1437:
1411:
1341:
1314:
1128:
1103:
562:
639:. Chargers were medium-weight horses bred and trained for agility and stamina. Destriers were heavier, similar to today's
973:
was planned to become a jousting stadium, ultimately being cancelled due to high-interest rates. Other companies such as
888:
966:. Various companies, such as Knights Limited, held organized shows with anywhere between five and fifty actors present.
374:) was used not just in the technical sense of "cavalry", but for martial virtue in general. It was only after 1300 that
1868:
1988:
753:
gave rise to modern misconceptions about the heaviness or clumsiness of "medieval armour", as notably popularised by
2100:
913:
702:
1937:
1838:
1377:
1216:
749:
more than a functional suit of armour. Such forms of sportive equipment during the final phase of the joust in
453:
tilting dishonorably; but he excused himself, by declaring it as solely owing to the restiveness of his horse.
2085:
1796:
Clayton, Eric, Justin Fyles, Erik DeVolder, Jonathan E.H. Hayden. "Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight."
786:
was a type of joust with lighter contact. Here, the aim was to hit the opponent's shield. The specialised
810:, the shield was attached to the armour with a mechanism of springs and would detach itself upon contact.
43:-era depiction of a joust in traditional or "high" armour, based on then-historical late medieval armour (
2559:
2105:
2090:
1618:"Historic Royal Palaces > Home > Hidden > Press releases 2006–2008 > Tournament at the Tower"
1428:
858:
705:
invested much effort into perfecting the sport, for which he received his nickname of "The Last Knight".
597:
Specialised jousting armour was produced in the late 15th to 16th century. It was heavier than suits of
1930:
1915:
1846:
2674:
2095:
1953:
629:
615:
546:
404:
336:
in the late medieval period, the joust became more regulated. This tendency is also reflected in the
125:
between two combatants either on horse or on foot. The joust became an iconic characteristic of the
2618:
391:
126:
427:, and again in 1386; in 1399 was in the service of the duke of Bourbon—yelled out to the English,
200:
throughout the whole of the 16th century (while in France, it was discontinued after the death of
2441:
1238:
1697:
1497:
Martin, Graham (May 2001). "The death of Henry II of France: A sporting death and post-mortem".
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2148:
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209:
20:
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2138:
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1333:
Chivalry & The Perfect Prince: Tournaments, Art, and Armor at the Spanish Habsburg Court
1331:
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217:
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167:
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8:
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1454:
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939:
851:
823:
819:
491:
424:
257:
248:
232:
73:
1877:
775:
of the opponent's helmet, resulting in frequent full impact of the lance to the helmet.
2597:
2544:
2489:
2205:
2159:
1758:
1549:
1522:
1299:
986:
949:
843:
839:
829:
463:
205:
201:
44:
2705:
2700:
2504:
2425:
2289:
2200:
2143:
1784:
1765:
1514:
1510:
1477:
1433:
1407:
1337:
1310:
1124:
1099:
619:
575:
467:
342:
224:
1831:
1526:
832:
in 1559 from wounds suffered in a tournament led to the end of jousting as a sport.
394:
with the joust is thus historical, but develops only at the end of the Middle Ages.
2554:
2549:
2494:
2395:
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2340:
2314:
2309:
2284:
2027:
2022:
1506:
970:
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cinq lances a cheval, cinq coups d'épée, cinq coups de dague et cinq coups de hache
269:
181:
1540:
Schulze, Ivan L. (1933). "Notes on Elizabethan Chivalry and "The Faerie Queene"".
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include this sport in its dinner show. Jousting shows are also held seasonally at
944:
2648:
2582:
2451:
2410:
2385:
2380:
2335:
2270:
2052:
1872:
1032:
541:
On another instance, a meeting with sharp lances was arranged to take place near
1194:
35:
2319:
2215:
2075:
1899:
1729:
1072:
1045:). A number of Jousting events are held regularly in Europe, some organised by
1037:
978:
974:
690:
677:
with a high back to provide leverage during the charge or when hit, as well as
651:
412:
387:
337:
213:
155:
1911:
1031:
practised in 16th-century Germany, where reinforcing pieces were added to the
2694:
2638:
2400:
2370:
2304:
2195:
1966:
1053:. Koets is one of a number of Jousters who travel internationally to events.
1049:, including The Grand Tournament of Sankt Wendel and The Grand Tournament at
383:
328:); protection for the legs of the riders is integrated into the horse armour.
285:
265:
253:
159:
432:
with the dagger. Now look, you English, if there be none among you in love.
2653:
2628:
2587:
2468:
2415:
2360:
2350:
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2255:
2245:
2230:
2179:
2062:
2042:
2006:
1865:
1518:
1062:
1050:
1006:
982:
746:
598:
293:
228:
189:
2365:
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2524:
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2355:
2250:
2210:
2133:
2070:
1832:
From Lance to Pistol: The Evolution of Mounted Soldiers from 1550 to 1600
1001:
959:
644:
130:
40:
1714:"An Interview with Arne Koets, jouster" The Jousting Life, December 2014
515:
320:
2534:
2478:
2390:
2174:
1973:
1883:
1753:
1553:
1046:
920:
904:
754:
534:
Harpenden and Messire Jean des Barres, at Montereau sur Yonne in 1387 (
527:
523:
289:
204:
in an accident in 1559). In England, jousting was the highlight of the
137:
2613:
2519:
2509:
2279:
2260:
2032:
1850:
1429:
A Critical Annotated Edition of El Passo Honroso de Suero de Quiñones
655:
625:
324:
Depiction of a standing joust in an Alsatian manuscript of ca. 1420 (
273:
122:
83:
1922:
1013:
on 24 July 1999. The sport is presented in the 2012 television show
292:", and shield) to plate armour. By 1400, knights wore full suits of
2456:
2220:
2128:
2001:
1996:
1828:
excerpts from 1849 edition of the Thomas Johnes translation (1805).
1820:
excerpts from 1849 edition of the Thomas Johnes translation (1805).
963:
847:
663:
659:
635:
603:
487:
333:
309:
185:
97:
16:
Martial game between two horsemen wielding lances with blunted tips
673:
that enabled the rider to control the horse with extended legs, a
666:, an iron shield for protection from otherwise lethal lance hits.
2235:
2037:
1893:
678:
650:
During a jousting tournament, the horses were cared for by their
497:
The medieval joust took place on an open field. Indeed, the term
325:
93:
1280:"Froissart: A Challenge is Fought Before the Earl of Buckingham"
1199:, vol. 1 (1803–10 ed.), Global folio, pp. 613–615
419:
castle named Gauvain Micaille (Michaille)—also mentioned in the
2463:
2153:
1888:
674:
551:
542:
517:
448:
The meeting was then adjourned, and continued on the next day.
350:
197:
140:
264:
The medieval joust has its origins in the military tactics of
158:
around 1300, when jousting was a very popular sport among the
2405:
2375:
2080:
1121:
Tournaments: Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages
416:
146:
1760:
The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry
1741:
Rompez les lances ! Chevaliers et tournois au Moyen Age
681:
for the necessary leverage to deliver blows with the lance.
411:
As an example, Froissart records that, during a campaign in
231:" disciplines survived. There has been a limited revival of
2169:
2164:
1098:. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword. p. 250 (note 55).
670:
669:
Other forms of equipment on the horse included long-necked
624:
The two most common kinds of horses used for jousting were
304:
1467:
1301:
Tournaments and Jousts: Training for War in Medieval Times
526:
with such barriers were built in England from the time of
216:, and also was part of the festivities at the marriage of
1180:
989:, daily jousting tournaments are held during the season.
771:
are explained by the fact that the aim was to detach the
585:). The shield strapped to his left shoulder is called an
1745:
Break lances! Knights and tournaments in the Middle Ages
1593:"The Origin of the Ring Tournament in the United States"
1560:
969:
Between 1980 and 1982, the Little England theme park in
1137:
308:"gentlemanly" affairs than in the late medieval era of
1247:
1572:
227:
in the 17th century, although non-contact forms of "
658:, a type of ornamental cloth featuring the owner's
397:
1757:
1469:
1298:
662:. Competing horses had their heads protected by a
358:) dates to this period. Before the 12th century,
154:"to approach, to meet". The word was loaned into
2692:
458:had acquitted himself much to his satisfaction.
1904:Deeds Not Words: The History of Modern Jousting
1468:Woosnam-Savage, Robert C; Anthony Hall (2002).
850:, although non-combat competitions such as the
1839:"Tudor Joust Game (free, educational, online)"
415:in the year 1380, a squire of the garrison of
332:With the development of the courtly ideals of
252:Depiction of a late 13th-century joust in the
121:is a medieval and renaissance martial game or
1938:
1336:. Truman State University Press. p. 7f.
1019:, hosted by Adams. The rules are inspired by
473:
223:Jousting was discontinued in favour of other
1807:. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.
1118:
804:
796:
788:
780:
765:
739:
731:
723:
715:
707:
568:
19:"Joust" redirects here. For other uses, see
1401:
1290:
760:A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
386:, which among other things encompassed the
149:
1945:
1931:
1668:
1267:Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of England
1183:, s.v. "knight", "knighthood", "chivalry".
1000:was a theatrical jousting group formed by
1402:Edge, David; Paddock, John Miles (1988).
1009:, which held its inaugural tournament in
1889:Maryland Jousting Tournament Association
1165:
1119:Barber, Richard; Barker, Juliet (1989).
943:
874:Armor of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
857:One attempt to revive the joust was the
561:
319:
303:was still a (martial) "meeting", i.e. a
247:
1727:
1646:. Middelaldercentret.dk. Archived from
1539:
1451:Cavalry: The History of Mounted Warfare
1404:Arms & armor of the medieval knight
1356:
1329:
1296:
1253:
1095:The Rise and Fall of the Mounted Knight
992:
813:
296:, called a "harness" (Clephan 28–29).
288:(with a solid, heavy helmet, called a "
276:) without direct relevance to warfare.
2693:
1752:
1731:The tournament; its periods and phases
1695:
1590:
1566:
1496:
1305:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
1068:Warwick International School of Riding
933:
1952:
1926:
1798:Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight
1778:
1738:
1698:"Is Jousting the Next Extreme Sport?"
1578:
1448:
1192:
1143:
763:. The extremely heavy helmets of the
654:in their respective tents. They wore
1236:
1091:
421:Chronique du bon duc Loys de Bourbon
1747:] (in French), Paris: Autrement
889:Parade Armour of Henry II of France
689:From 10 July to 9 August 1434, the
315:
279:
13:
1375:
928:
366:. By the end of the 13th century,
14:
2717:
1811:
1243:, Paris J. Renouard, p. cvii
643:, but not as large as the modern
243:
1800:(2008): 1–115. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.
1511:10.1046/j.1440-1622.2001.02102.x
1426:Pedro RodrĂguez de Lena (1930),
1215:, CA: Nipissingu, archived from
912:
896:
881:
866:
398:Records of jousting by Froissart
184:, and remained popular with the
34:
1708:
1689:
1662:
1636:
1610:
1584:
1533:
1490:
1461:
1442:
1420:
1406:. Crescent Books. p. 162.
1395:
1369:
1350:
1323:
1272:
1259:
684:
1781:Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments
1696:Slater, Dashka (8 July 2010).
1230:
1203:
1186:
1174:
1159:
1149:
1123:. Boydell. pp. 134, 139.
1112:
1085:
470:and Sir Guy de la Trimouille.
235:re-enactment since the 1970s.
1:
1078:
828:In France, the death of King
579:
508:
171:
2016:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
1894:Sport jousting in the U.S.A.
1866:Giostra Del Saracino, Arezzo
1620:. Hrp.org.uk. Archived from
1600:Maryland Historical Magazine
1591:Orians, G. Harrison (1941).
1472:Brassey's Book of Body Armor
545:, under the auspices of the
348:The development of the term
7:
2560:Western riding (horse show)
2106:List of horse racing venues
1818:The Chronicles of Froissart
1673:. Aemma.org. Archived from
1671:"Mounted Training at AEMMA"
1330:Frieder, Braden K. (2008).
1056:
859:Eglinton Tournament of 1839
10:
2722:
2571:breed-specific disciplines
1847:Victoria and Albert Museum
1721:
937:
817:
701:During the 1490s, emperor
613:
474:Arena, procedure and armor
238:
18:
2675:List of historical horses
2667:
2606:
2568:
2477:
2434:
2328:
2269:
2188:
2121:
2096:Thoroughbred horse racing
2061:
2015:
1983:
1960:
1739:Nadot, SĂ©bastien (2010),
1359:, p. 30 summarizing
616:Horses in the Middle Ages
609:
136:The term is derived from
108:
103:
89:
79:
69:
64:
56:
33:
2619:Competitive trail riding
2101:Films about horse racing
1871:20 February 2020 at the
1297:Hopkins, Andrea (2004).
1170:. London: Edward Arnold.
1166:Huizinga, Johan (1924).
392:"knight" stock-character
299:In this early period, a
229:equestrian skill-at-arms
162:knighthood. The synonym
2442:Cowboy mounted shooting
1834:(myArmoury.com article)
1805:The Medieval Tournament
1728:Coltman, C. R. (1919),
1382:Medieval Life and Times
1027:), one of the forms of
907:by Matthew Bisanz, 1544
516:
405:Chronicles of Froissart
141:
2680:Women in equestrianism
2483:exhibition disciplines
1908:The Wallace Collection
1499:ANZ Journal of Surgery
1363:Froissart's Chronicles
952:
805:
797:
789:
781:
766:
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
590:
569:
455:
446:
434:
423:as wounded in 1382 at
329:
261:
150:
109:Country or region
21:Joust (disambiguation)
2530:Show hunter (British)
2139:Equestrian drill team
1803:Clephan, R. Coltman.
1764:, Thames and Hudson,
1237:Luce, Siméon (1869),
998:The Knights of Valour
947:
838:The last Elizabethan
614:Further information:
565:
450:
441:
429:
323:
251:
2644:Mounted orienteering
2593:Icelandic equitation
2329:Working stock sports
1880:(middle-ages.org.uk)
1825:Tales from Froissart
1779:Young, Alan (1987),
1542:Studies in Philology
1449:Ellis, John (1978).
1092:Hart, Clive (2022).
993:Competitive jousting
919:Armour worn by King
814:Post-medieval period
751:16th-century Germany
737:, respectively. The
168:tilting at windmills
60:14th century, Europe
2578:Camargue equitation
2500:Halter (horse show)
2295:Draft horse showing
1884:U.S.A. Hall of Fame
1878:History of Jousting
1853:on 20 December 2017
1644:"Ridderturneringer"
1624:on 28 December 2013
1146:, pp. 201–208.
1016:Full Metal Jousting
1011:Port Elgin, Ontario
956:Jousting reenactors
940:Theatrical jousting
934:Modern-day jousting
824:Quintain (jousting)
820:Running at the ring
547:Constable of France
258:Walther von Klingen
233:theatrical jousting
206:Accession Day tilts
196:and other parts of
30:
2598:Working equitation
2545:Trail (horse show)
2490:Classical dressage
2206:Corrida de sortija
1783:, Sheridan House,
1569:, pp. 137–38.
987:Middelaldercentret
953:
950:Middelaldercentret
840:Accession Day tilt
591:
522:" mode. Dedicated
343:chivalric romances
330:
262:
145:, ultimately from
45:Paulus Hector Mair
28:
2688:
2687:
2505:Horse showmanship
2426:Working cow horse
2290:Chuckwagon racing
2201:Carrera de cintas
2189:Games with horses
2144:Escaramuza charra
1954:Equestrian sports
1902:(27 April 2017).
1843:British Galleries
1790:978-0-911378-75-7
1771:978-0-500-23263-7
1483:978-1-57488-465-4
1476:. Potomac Books.
1438:978-84-7392-010-0
1413:978-0-517-64468-3
1376:Alchin, Linda K.
1343:978-1-931112-69-7
1316:978-0-8239-3994-7
1284:uts.nipissingu.ca
1193:Froissart, John,
1130:978-0-85115-470-1
1105:978-1-3990-8205-1
778:By contrast, the
695:Suero de Quiñones
620:Horses in warfare
576:John the Constant
468:Admiral of France
225:equestrian sports
190:England and Wales
116:
115:
49:De arte athletica
2713:
2555:Western pleasure
2550:Western dressage
2495:English pleasure
2396:Jineteada gaucha
2346:Breakaway roping
2341:Australian rodeo
2310:Pleasure driving
2285:Carriage driving
2023:Combined driving
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1849:. Archived from
1793:
1774:
1763:
1748:
1734:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1669:ICE: Webmaster.
1666:
1660:
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1494:
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1487:
1475:
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1458:
1446:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1378:"Jousting Lance"
1373:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1265:Johnes, Thomas.
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1184:
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1172:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1089:
971:Orlando, Florida
916:
900:
885:
870:
808:
800:
792:
784:
769:
743:
735:
727:
719:
711:
641:Andalusian horse
584:
581:
572:
521:
513:
510:
316:Late Middle Ages
280:High Middle Ages
270:High Middle Ages
182:Late Middle Ages
176:
173:
153:
144:
38:
31:
27:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2663:
2649:Pleasure riding
2602:
2583:Doma menorquina
2570:
2564:
2482:
2473:
2452:Mounted archery
2430:
2411:Steer wrestling
2386:Deporte de lazo
2336:Acoso y derribo
2324:
2265:
2184:
2117:
2057:
2053:Para-equestrian
2011:
1979:
1965:Main articles:
1956:
1951:
1900:Capwell, Tobias
1898:
1873:Wayback Machine
1856:
1854:
1837:
1814:
1791:
1772:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1677:on 15 June 2012
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1538:
1534:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1466:
1462:
1447:
1443:
1432:, 1977 edition
1425:
1421:
1414:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1295:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1219:on 14 July 2009
1209:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1059:
1033:jousting armour
995:
942:
936:
931:
929:Modern revivals
924:
917:
908:
905:King Henry VIII
901:
892:
886:
877:
871:
826:
816:
687:
622:
612:
606:of the period.
582:
511:
476:
400:
364:milites nobiles
318:
282:
246:
241:
174:
65:Characteristics
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
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2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
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2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
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2537:
2532:
2527:
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2497:
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2461:
2460:
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2436:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
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2383:
2378:
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2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2320:Scurry driving
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Equine agility
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Point-to-point
2083:
2078:
2076:Harness racing
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1896:
1891:
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1881:
1875:
1863:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1812:External links
1810:
1809:
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1801:
1794:
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1776:
1770:
1750:
1736:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1707:
1702:New York Times
1688:
1661:
1650:on 22 May 2012
1635:
1609:
1583:
1581:, p. 208.
1571:
1559:
1548:(2): 148–159.
1532:
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1076:
1075:
1073:Water jousting
1070:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1025:Plankengestech
994:
991:
979:Warwick Castle
975:Medieval Times
938:Main article:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
918:
911:
909:
902:
895:
893:
887:
880:
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872:
865:
815:
812:
686:
683:
660:heraldic signs
611:
608:
475:
472:
399:
396:
317:
314:
281:
278:
245:
244:Medieval joust
242:
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214:James VI and I
156:Middle English
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2660:
2657:
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2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Hunter pacing
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Cross-country
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
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2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Ranch sorting
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Chilean rodeo
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
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2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Horse pulling
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Ban'ei racing
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Barrel racing
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
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2142:
2140:
2137:
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2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
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2112:
2109:
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2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
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2087:
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2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1987:disciplines,
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1967:Equestrianism
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1623:
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1605:
1601:
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1580:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:(5): 318–20.
1504:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
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1423:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1353:
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1335:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1256:, p. 29.
1255:
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1197:
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1060:
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1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Stechtartsche
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
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999:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
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967:
965:
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951:
946:
941:
922:
915:
910:
906:
899:
894:
890:
884:
879:
875:
869:
864:
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862:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
833:
831:
825:
821:
811:
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793:
791:
785:
783:
776:
774:
770:
768:
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748:
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742:
736:
734:
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531:
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428:
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418:
414:
409:
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395:
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389:
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384:knight-errant
381:
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297:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
266:heavy cavalry
259:
255:
254:Codex Manesse
250:
236:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:King Henry II
199:
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63:
59:
55:
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46:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2654:Trail riding
2629:Field hunter
2607:Field sports
2588:Doma vaquera
2569:Regional and
2540:Stunt riding
2469:Pig sticking
2446:
2416:Team penning
2361:Campdrafting
2351:Bronc riding
2300:Fine harness
2256:Sinjska alka
2246:Pole bending
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2180:Team chasing
2091:Steeplechase
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2007:Show jumping
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57:First played
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2634:Fox hunting
2525:Show hunter
2515:Saddle seat
2421:Team roping
2356:Calf roping
2251:Potato race
2211:Dzhigitovka
2134:Cowboy polo
2122:Team sports
2111:by capacity
2071:Flat racing
1754:Strong, Roy
1567:Strong 1977
1223:26 February
1038:Brechschild
1021:Realgestech
1002:Shane Adams
960:North Wales
903:Armour for
645:draft horse
633:and larger
583: 1500
512: 1510
388:pas d'armes
338:pas d'armes
268:during the
256:. Joust by
210:Elizabeth I
175: 1510
131:medievalism
41:Renaissance
2695:Categories
2535:Sidesaddle
2479:Horse show
2391:Goat tying
2175:Polocrosse
1974:Equitation
1606:: 263–277.
1579:Young 1987
1240:Chroniques
1144:Young 1987
1079:References
1047:Arne Koets
921:Henry VIII
818:See also:
755:Mark Twain
656:caparisons
528:Henry VIII
524:tilt-yards
484:list field
376:knighthood
372:chyualerye
290:great helm
138:Old French
2614:Cavalcade
2520:Show hack
2510:Hunt seat
2366:CharrerĂa
2261:Skijoring
2241:O-Mok-See
2033:Horseball
2028:Endurance
852:ring-tilt
848:carousels
802:. In the
767:Stechzeug
741:Stechzeug
733:Stechzeug
636:destriers
626:warmblood
570:Stechzeug
488:tiltyards
425:Roosebeke
356:chevalier
274:hastilude
218:Charles I
123:hastilude
98:tiltyards
84:Hastilude
2706:Heraldry
2701:Jousting
2457:Yabusame
2447:Jousting
2435:Weaponry
2315:Roadster
2226:Gymkhana
2221:Er Enish
2149:Fantasia
2129:Buzkashi
2048:Vaulting
2002:Eventing
1997:Dressage
1869:Archived
1756:(1977),
1527:22308185
1519:11374484
1387:28 April
1057:See also
964:Abergele
830:Henry II
806:Rennzeug
790:Rennzeug
725:Rennzeug
679:stirrups
664:chanfron
630:chargers
604:warhorse
587:ecranche
492:quintain
464:Hainault
380:kniČťthod
368:chivalry
334:chivalry
310:chivalry
186:nobility
170:) dates
119:Jousting
104:Presence
51:, 1540s)
29:Jousting
2668:Related
2381:Cutting
2271:Driving
2236:Kyz kuu
2156:(cirit)
2038:Reining
1989:Olympic
1916:YouTube
1857:16 July
1722:Sources
1681:9 April
1654:9 April
1628:9 April
1554:4172200
1212:Gauvain
1029:stechen
844:James I
798:Stechen
717:Stechen
693:knight
691:Leonese
444:spears.
326:CPG 359
239:History
212:and of
194:Germany
166:(as in
151:iuxtare
94:Castles
70:Contact
2464:Pasola
2273:sports
2154:Jereed
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1023:(also
923:, 1540
876:, 1549
782:Rennen
709:Rennen
675:saddle
652:grooms
610:Horses
552:Poitou
543:Nantes
518:welsch
413:Beauce
351:knight
198:Europe
142:joster
127:knight
112:Europe
2406:Rodeo
2376:Coleo
2081:Palio
1912:Video
1743:[
1596:(PDF)
1550:JSTOR
1523:S2CID
1361:"5",
1269:, 208
962:near
773:crest
671:spurs
499:joust
482:, or
480:lists
417:Toury
360:cniht
301:joust
147:Latin
90:Venue
2659:TREC
2170:Polo
2165:Pato
2160:Mata
1859:2007
1785:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1683:2014
1656:2014
1630:2014
1515:PMID
1478:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:2024
1338:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1225:2007
1125:ISBN
1100:ISBN
981:and
822:and
729:and
713:and
618:and
566:The
504:tilt
478:The
402:The
305:duel
286:mail
164:tilt
80:Type
2481:and
1985:FEI
1914:on
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1181:OED
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574:of
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74:Yes
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