Demon - Knowledge

2332: 1935:, the fourth king of the world, ruled over both angels and divs, and served as a high priest of Ahura Mazda (Hormozd). Like his father, he slayed many divs, however, spared some under the condition they teach him new valuable arts, such as writing in different languages. After a just reign over hundreds of years, Jamshid grew haughty and claimed, because of his wealth and power, divinity for himself. Whereupon God withdraws his blessings from him, and his people get unsatisfied with their king. With the ceasing influence of God, the devil gains power and aids Zahhak to usurp the throne. Jamshid dies sawn in two by two demons. Tricked by Ahriman (or Iblis), Zahhak grew two snakes on his shoulders and becomes the demonic serpent-king. The King 2222: 2375: 2149:. Although all these supernatural powers were translated, none were angels, despite sharing a similar function to that of the Greek Daimon. This established a dualism between the angels on God's side and negatively evaluated demons of pagan origin. Their relationship to the God-head became the main difference between angels and demons, not their degree of benevolence. Both angels and demons might be fierce and terrifying. However, the angels act always at service of the high god of the Israelites, differing from the pagan demons, who represent the powers of foreign deities. The Septuagint refers to evil spirits as demons (daimon). 717:

disease and poisoning at will. They are sometimes seen as beings requiring worship to be appeased or placated. Tiger Demons (虎妖) and Wolf Demons (狼妖) are ravening beings roaming large territories for prey, taking the form of humans to conveniently insert themselves into communities and settlements. Tiger demons are described as being enslave the souls of humans they have killed, turning them into minions. In the superstitious climate of the previous centuries, people mistaken as tigers and wolves in human disguise were often put to death or starved in their cells by magistrates.

3077:, the existence of foreign unknown forces was increasingly rejected. Demons were explained as non-existent. Visions of demons and ghosts were explained as the products of one's own mind. By labelling local deities and demons as superstition, local religious ideas were banished, supporting the promotion of nationwide gods and religions. Because of that, demons became increasingly associated with delusions. Wilkinson Duran states that people who believe in demons are often marginalized in the United States. The notion of possession was at odds with Western philosophy, such as the 2290:. In Genesis, God tests the will of Abraham merely to determine whether he is a true follower, however; in Jubilees, Mastema has an agenda behind promoting the sacrifice of Abraham's son, "an even more demonic act than that of Satan in Job". In Jubilees, where Mastema, an angel tasked with tempting mortals into sin and iniquity, requests that God give him a tenth of the spirits of the children of the watchers, demons, in order to aid the process (Jubilees 10:7–9). These demons are passed into Mastema's authority, where once again, an angel is in charge of demonic spirits. 6226: 5348: 1643: 4307: 2351: 2769: 635:, when ordered to punish humans on earth or in the netherworld. Wanderers can also be agents of chaos, arising from the world beyond creation to bring about misfortune and suffering without any divine instructions, led only by evil motivations. The influences of the wanderers can be warded off and kept at the borders of the human world by the use of magic, but they can never be destroyed. A sub-category of "wanderers" are nightmare demons, which were believed to cause nightmares by entering a human body. 677:- shapeshifters with the power to cause insanity, to inflict poison, and to bring about disease, and the mo 魔 - derived from Indian mythology and entering through the influence of Buddhism. In folk belief, these beings are responsible for misfortune, insanity, and illness, and any number of strange phenomena that could not easily be accounted for. Epilepsy and stroke, which led to either temporary or permanent contortions, were generally seen as the results of demonic possession and attacks (中邪). 1908: 666: 1750:). Before the demons attacked the realm of light, they have been in constant battle and intercourse against each other. It is only in the realm of darkness demons are described in their physical form. After their assault on the world above, they have been overcome by the Living Spirit, and imprisoned in the structure of the world. From that point onwards, they impact human's ethical life, and appear as personified ethical qualities, mostly greed, envy, grief, and wrath (desire for destruction). 2158: 1613: 66: 2757: 604:

highlighting the demon names with red ink. Demons in this culture appeared to be subordinative and related to a specific deity, yet they may have occasionally acted independently of the divine will. The existence of demons can be related to the realm of chaos, beyond the created world. But even this negative connotation cannot be denied in light of the magical texts. The role of demons in relation to the human world remains ambivalent and largely depends on context.

2286:). In Jubilees, the sins of man are attributed to "the unclean demons began to lead astray the children of the sons of Noah, and to make to err and destroy them" (Jubilees 10:1). In Jubilees, Mastema questions the loyalty of Abraham and tells God to "bid him offer him as a burnt offering on the altar, and Thou wilt see if he will do this command" (Jubilees 17:16). The discrepancy between the story in Jubilees and the story in Genesis 22 exists with the presence of 2002: 10336: 8904: 2930:. In contrast to the jinn, devils are usually not described with human-like features, but are created from fire too, which explains some extraordinary abilities among both creatures. The primary function of devils is to tempt humans (and jinn) to sin. They are, however, sent by God and endowed with immortality until the world ceases to exist. Prayers are used to ward off their attacks, dissolving them temporarily. Both jinn and devils feature in Islamic 1414: 788:

demonic or become diabolical - "ru mo". (入魔). As such it is often a condition and a state, rather than always being directly the result of a certain innate heritage. Furthermore, certain beings derived directly from Indian mythology, such as the "luocha" ("罗刹" or raksasha) and "yecha" ("夜叉" or yaksha), however are classed as being innately demonic (魔) types by heritage but are nevertheless represented as being capable of repentance or turning to good.

3054: 2981:, demons are not regarded as independent evil spirits as they are in some faiths. Rather, evil spirits described in various faiths' traditions, such as Satan, fallen angels, demons and jinn, are metaphors for the base character traits a human being may acquire and manifest when he turns away from God and follows his lower nature. Belief in the existence of ghosts and earthbound spirits is rejected and considered to be the product of superstition. 8916: 2188:, demons are not morally ambivalent spirits, but evil; causes of misery, suffering, and death. They are not tempters, but the cause of pain, suffering, and maladies, both physical and mental. Temptation is reserved for the devil only. Unlike spirits in pagan beliefs, demons are not intermediary spirits who must be sacrificed for the appeasement of a deity. Possession also shows no trace of positivity, contrary to some pagan depictions of 10326: 812: 588: 311: 709:, a child-like being with red eyes). These demons were said to be born of aberrant qi (breath or energy), known to accost and kill travellers, and held responsible for sickness. People also feared the Muling 木灵 lit. "tree spirit" (also muzhong 木肿 lit. "tree swelling") - demons forming over time in trees of immense age, capable of inflicting disease and killing human passers-by and birds flying overhead. Examples include the 556: 3145:. Al-Masʿūdī is similarly critical regarding the reality of demons. He states that alleged demonic encounters are the result of fear and "wrong thinking". Alleged encounters are then told to other generations in bedtime stories and poems. When they grow up, they remember such stories in a state of fear or loneliness. This encourages their imaginations, resulting in another alleged demonic encounter. 2424:

fallen angels known from Christian scriptures, Origen talks about Greek daemons, like nature spirits and giants. These creatures were thought to inhabit nature or air and nourish from pagan sacrifices roaming the earth. However, there is no functional difference between the spirits of the underworld and of earth, since both have fallen from perfection into the material world. Origen sums them up as

3386: 924:. He was usually regarded as evil, but he could also sometimes be a beneficent entity who protected against winds bearing pestilence and he was thought to be able to force Lamashtu back to the underworld. Amulets bearing his image were positioned in dwellings to protect infants from Lamashtu and pregnant women frequently wore amulets with his head on them as protection from her. 1635: 1543:, are not uncommon. The Asura are not fundamentally against the gods, nor do they tempt humans to fall. Many people metaphorically interpret the Asura as manifestations of the ignoble passions in the human mind and as symbolic devices. There were also cases of power-hungry asuras challenging various aspects of the gods, but only to be defeated eventually and seek forgiveness. 1624: 930:'s name means "youthful brilliance", but he was not envisioned as youthful god. According to one tradition, he was the consort of Ninhursag, a tradition which contradicts the usual portrayal of Enki as Ninhursag's consort. In one Sumerian poem, offerings made to Šhul-pa-e in the underworld and, in later mythology, he was one of the demons of the underworld. 2048:

traditions, they can enter sexual relationships with humans and sire offspring. Demons are believed to be mostly active at night and a bad smell in the air or sudden change in temperature would announce their presence. In some tales, supernatural powers are attributed to them, such as causing sickness, mental illnesses, or even turn humans to stone.

194:. In many traditions, demons are independent operators, with different demons causing different types of evils (destructive natural phenomena, specific diseases, etc.). In religions featuring a principal Devil (e.g. Satan) locked in an eternal struggle with God, demons are often also thought to be subordinates of the principal Devil. As lesser 2473:

are almost mindless, gross, and grunting spirits, which try to possess people instinctively, simply attracted by the warmth and life of humans. These cause diseases, fatal accidents and animalistic behavior in their victims. They are unable to speak, while other lower types of demons might give out false oracles. The demons are divided into:

2969:(Satan) refuses to do so and is consequently punished. He explains that the devils observed the jinn causing corruption on earth, whereupon they were sent to chase away the jinn from the surface. When God created a successor to the jinn, they protested and those who remained in protest, have been punished with hell. 2538:, to be servants of God. According to S. N. Chiu, God is shown sending a demon against Saul in 1 Samuel 16 and 18 in order to punish him for the failure to follow God's instructions, showing God as having the power to use demons for his own purposes, putting the demon under his divine authority. According to the 3012:

You think, as I infer from your words, that a demon is the same as a devil, which is not the case. For a demon is said to be any invisible being using reason, as if knowing. Of these the two high orders are called calodemons, that is, 'good knowing ones', the lower order is called cacodemon, that is,

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is not only testified by the Quran, but also by pre-Islamic literature in the seventh century. The jinn were made responsible for various diseases, mental illnesses, and demonic possession, but also venerated for means of protection. The distinction between a deity and a jinni in pre-Islamic times is

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proposed the existence of several types of demons, deeply influenced by the material nature of the regions they dwell. The highest and most powerful demons attack the mind of people using their "imaginative action" (phantastikos) to produce illusions in the mind. The lowest demons, on the other hand,

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assumed demons were ghosts of the Nephilim, known from Intertestamental writings. Because of references to Satan as the lord of demons and evil angels of Satan throughout the New Testament, other scholars identified fallen angels with demons. Demons as entirely evil entities, who have been born evil,

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accidentally transcribes astrological knowledge used by the Watchers. This differs from Enoch in that it does not place blame on the angels. However, in Jubilees 10:4 the evil spirits of the Watchers are discussed as evil and still remain on Earth to corrupt humans. God binds only 90% of the Watchers

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describes demons as the opposite of the creative power of God. As such, they cannot create, but only corrupt, and thus, evil is merely the corruption of the good. Since demons can only destroy, they will ultimately destroy themselves. Chapter 30 questions the reality of demons, since their existence

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Belief in wilderness demons haunted China from the very earliest periods and persisted throughout the late imperial era. In the Xia dynasty, nine bronze cauldrons with their forms were cast to help the common people to identify and to avoid them. Classical texts in the Zhou and Warring-States period

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that daimons are exclusively evil entities, supporting the later idea of (evil) demons. According to Origen's cosmology, increasing corruption and evil within the soul, the more estranged the soul gets from God. Therefore, Origen opined that the most evil demons are located underground. Besides the

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Rustam's battle against the demonic may also have a symbolic meaning: Rustam represents wisdom and rationality, fights the demon, embodiment of passion and instinct. Rustam's victory over the White Div is also a triumph over men's lower drives, and killing the demon is a way to purge the human soul

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Invocation of Saints, holy men and women, especially ascetics, reading the Gospel, holy oil or water is said to drive them out. However, Psellos' schemes have been too inconsistent to answer questions about the hierarchy of fallen angels. The devil's position is impossible to assign in this scheme

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Common features of these Middle Eastern demons are their immortality and pernicious nature, they can turn invisible, and can be enslaved when pierced by a silver needle. Due to their reluctant nature, even enslaved, they do always the opposite of what has been commanded. Like the jinn from Islamic

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One notable demon not in the above categories includes the Heisheng or Heiqi 黑气 ("Black Calamity" or "Black Air"), a kind of roving vapour demon that inflicts damage to persons and property wherever it roams, sometimes killing where it goes. Another are undefined Poltergeists, sometimes afflicting

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From the Tang dynasty onwards, belief in shapeshifting foxes, tigers and wolves, amongst other creatures, also featured in Chinese folk belief, partly due to the existence of outlawed fox-spirit cults. Fox Demons (狐妖) are described as cunning and lustful, capable of clairvoyance, and of inflicting

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disagrees with this interpretation, arguing that the ghosts of the Nephilim are distinct. The evil spirits would make the people sacrifice to the demons, but they were not demons themselves. The spirits are stated in Enoch to "corrupt, fall, be excited, and fall upon the earth, and cause sorrow".

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each year. The exorcists of the Catholic Church teach that demons attack humans continually but that afflicted persons can be effectively healed and protected either by the formal rite of exorcism, authorized to be performed only by bishops and those they designate, or by prayers of deliverance,

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Mo (魔) - derived from the "Mara" of Buddhism and are almost always evil. This kind of being is morally corrupted and rebels against the moral law and heavenly principle. Taoist cultivators, fallen Buddhist monks, gods and mortals who have succumbed to an evil inclination are said to have become

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Ancient Egyptian demons can be divided into two classes: "guardians" and "wanderers". "Guardians" are tied to a specific place; their demonic activity is topographically defined and their function can be benevolent towards those who have the secret knowledge to face them. Demons protecting the

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is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BCE. He is shown with "a rather canine face with abnormally bulging eyes, a scaly body, a snake-headed penis, the talons of a bird and usually wings". He was believed to be the son of the god

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lacks a term for the modern English "demon". Both deities and demons can act as intermediaries to deliver messages to humans. By that, they share some resemblance to the Greek daimon. However, magical writings indicate that ancient Egyptians acknowledged the existence of malevolent demons by

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Demons in the religious sense are known as Mo (魔) and are generally derived from Indian lore through Buddhism. These include the man-eating, night-flying luocha 罗刹 (raksasha) and the yecha 夜叉 (yaksha). These have also entered Chinese folk religion and Taoism. Another closely related term,

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Fish (鱼妖) and snake demons (蛇妖) are said to have attempted to assault Confucius. Even insects are capable of being demonic. In one tale, the sighting of a Centipede Demon (蜈蚣妖) in the form of an old woman without eyes is said to have led to the sickness and death of an entire household.

901:. Although Lamashtu has traditionally been identified as a demoness, the fact that she could cause evil on her own without the permission of other deities strongly indicates that she was seen as a goddess in her own right. Mesopotamian peoples protected against her using 776:- a kind of uncanny supernatural creature, usually with the power to shapeshift, to poison or to cause disease, and to bewilder or enthrall. They are associated with sorcery or sorcery-like powers. They are not always evil in the sense that Western demons or the Chinese 2108:

belief-system prevailing in Middle Eastern and Central Asian culture at the time, authors emphasized that demons only exist by God's will and not as an independent or even accidental part of the world. Muslim authors sometimes identified the demons with the devils and

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In the imperial era, anxiety over unexplained serial murders, missing persons, accidents or diseases sometimes led to instances of mass panic requiring imperial intervention. Exorcism was a court function during the Zhou dynasty, led by ritual specialists known as

1453:). The gods are said to have claimed heaven for themselves and tricked the demons, ending on earth. During the Vedic period, gods aid humans against demons. By that, gods secure their own place in heaven, using humans as tools to defeat their cosmic enemies. 2461:

an ontological existence. He explains demons are deficient creatures, who willingly turn themselves towards the unreal and non-existence. Their dangerous nature results not from the power of their nature, but from their tendency to drag others into the

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from such evil inclinations. The killing of the White Div is an inevitable act to restore the human king's eyesight. Eliminating the divs is an act of self-preservation to safeguard the good in oneself's, and the part acceptable in a regulated society.

754:) fiction. These demons are often examples or close variants of the type and kind that exist in folk belief. They also appear in entertainment designed for children and young adults, especially in comics (manhua), cartoons (anime), and computer games. 1558:

and are accorded various purging punishments before being reborn. Humans that have committed extraordinary wrongs are condemned to roam as lonely, often mischief mongers, spirits for a length of time before being reborn. Many kinds of such spirits

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Although Peck's earlier work was met with widespread popular acceptance, his work on the topics of evil and possession has generated significant debate and derision. Much was made of his association with (and admiration for) the controversial

2275:, this same event is told slightly differently: "All the powers of Mastema had been let loose to slay all the first-born in the land of Egypt. And the powers of the Lord did everything according as the Lord commanded them." (Jubilees 49:2–4) 685:. In later dynaties, roving Taoist sorcerers, Buddhist monks, as well as eccentric folk magicians, plied their services in warding off, exorcising, countering or defeating these demons through the use of amulets, charms, spells, and chants. 1085:

Demons supposedly entered the body and caused the disease while overwhelming or "seizing" the victim. To cure such diseases, it was necessary to draw out the evil demons by certain incantations and talismanic performances, at which the

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during the post-Vedic period, withdrawal of sacrificial rituals was considered a threat to the gods. Ascetic humans or ascetic demons were supposed to be more powerful than gods. Pious, highly enlightened Asuras and Rakshasas, such as

780:(魔) are but are represented as having malevolent tendencies and as creatures of ill-omen. They are often invoked as an explanation for strange events, bizarre occurrences, mysterious diseases and horrible accidents. They resemble the 2447:, most of the time, the demons were expressed as an internal struggle, inclinations, and temptations. But after Anthony successfully resisted the demons, they would appear in human form to tempt and threaten him even more intensely. 6459: 1353:

can lead humans to sin through direct interaction or through providing forbidden knowledge. Most scholars understand the text, that demons originate from the evil spirits of the deceased giants, cursed by God to wander the Earth.

2993:, demons are often seen as beneficial and useful, lacking an inherent negative connotation. While some people fear demons, or attempt to exorcise them, others willfully attempt to summon them for knowledge, assistance, or power. 578:

as well as spirits summoned in magic. Tasmanian Aboriginal people would describe these entities as "devils" and related that these spiritual beings as walking alongside Aboriginal people "carrying a torch but could not be seen".

2397:, demonology has developed from a simple acceptance of demons to a complex study that has grown from the original ideas taken from Jewish demonology and Christian scriptures. Christian demonology is studied in depth within the 3021:, which gives the names and abilities of demons as well as detailed instructions for conjuring and controlling them. Grimoires are not limited to demons – some give instructions for the invocation of deity, a process called 851:; their primary purpose appears to have been to drag unfortunate mortals back to Kur. They are frequently referenced in magical texts, and some texts describe them as being seven in number. Several extant poems describe the 3644:

Plomley, N. J. B., ed. (2008) . Friendly Mission: The Tasmanian Journals and Papers of George Augustus Robinson (2nd ed.). Hobart, Tasmania and Launceston, Tasmania: Quintus and Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery. ISBN

1386:, this apotropaic prayer was assigned, stating: "And, I the Sage, declare the grandeur of his radiance in order to frighten and terri all the spirits of the ravaging angels and the bastard spirits, demons, Liliths, owls" ( 2518:

The contemporary Roman Catholic Church unequivocally teaches that angels and demons are real beings rather than just symbolic devices. The Catholic Church has a cadre of officially sanctioned exorcists which perform many

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as good while considering the material and conscious world to be inherently evil. The demonized star-deities of late Persian religion became associated with a demon, thus identifying the seven observable planets with an

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and the Indian-influenced Mo (魔) feature prominently in Chinese legends and folktales about the supernatural and the uncanny, and these days are staples of popular culture and fantasy fiction in games, movies and books.

612:. Here, the aggressive nature of the guardian demons is motivated by the need to protect their abodes and not by their evil essence. Accordingly, demons guarded sacred places or the gates to the netherworld. During the 1733:. Accordingly, the world could be described as resulting from a past moment, in which two principles (good and evil) were separate, a contemporary moment in which both principles are mixed due to an assault of the 1288:). After they are created, they assume an existence on their own. Demons would attach themselves to the sinner and start to multiply as an act of self-preservation. Medieval Kabbalists characterize such demons as 1183:

and others explicitly denied their existence, and completely rejected concepts of demons, evil spirits, negative spiritual influences, attaching and possessing spirits. They thought the essential teaching about

1864:) are mixed. On one hand, they are regarded as light particles of the world soul fixed in the sky. On the other hand, stars are identified with powers hindering the soul from leaving the material world. The 3161:

developed this idea and claimed that the concept of demons was derived from the important relation of the living to the dead: "The fact that demons are always regarded as the spirits of those who have died

3073:, mostly independent from outer invisible forces, such as demons or gods ruling over human fate. Previously, the world was understood to be inhabited by various spirits and demons. With the rise of the 742:

Aside from recurring in Chinese superstition of the imperial era, they also appear as antagonists, and sometimes protagonists, in multiple genres of Chinese literature. These include mythic literature (

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Chinese folktale, legend and literature are replete with malevolent supernatural creatures who are often rendered "demons" in English translations. These include categories of beings such as the yao

766:, Mo (魔), Gui (鬼), Guai (怪) and Xie (邪) are their various two-character combinations often used to refer to these creatures, but of these terms, only Mo (魔) denotes demons in the religious sense. 713:彭侯 (lit. "drumbeat marquis"), a demon associated with camphor trees in mountain forests, and which takes the form of a human-headed dog, and in the southern provinces, the banana-leaf spirits. 688:

In mainland China, belief in demons is very rare. Today, these beings appear primarily as antagonists in the fantasy genre, and especially in entertainment aimed at children and young adults.

482:, Christians eyed their cities' old pagan statuary as a seat of the demons' presence. It was no longer beautiful, it was infested." The term had first acquired its negative connotations in the 1371:. Because the evil in humans is great, only 10% would be needed to corrupt and lead humans astray. These spirits of the giants are also referred to as "the bastards" in the apotropaic prayer 470:: "Like pagans, Christians still sensed and saw the gods and their power, and as something, they had to assume, lay behind it, by an easy traditional shift of opinion they turned these pagan 4951:

Pedram Khosronejad The People of the Air Healing and Spirit Possession in South of Iran in: Shamanism and Healing Rituals in Contemporary Islam and Sufism, T.Zarcone (ed.) 2011, I.B.Tauris

3208:. Peck came to the conclusion that possession was a rare phenomenon related to evil and that possessed people are not actually evil; rather, they are doing battle with the forces of evil. 5615:

Reynolds, Gabriel Said, "Angels", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 17 August 2021.

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and similar spirits is, that they should not be an object of worship, not a reality to be acknowledged or feared. Their point of view eventually became mainstream Jewish understanding.

705:魍魎), subterranean demons of the earth and of decay (the goat-like and necrophagous Fenyang 墳羊 (lit. "grave-goat"), who caused disease and miscarriage) and fever demons born from water ( 4658: 3157:

remarked that "among the activities attributed by myths all over the world to demons, the harmful predominate, so that in popular belief bad demons are clearly older than good ones."

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in particular, play instrumental roles in the creation of Adam and Eve. According to Manichaeism, the watchers, known as angels in Jewish lore, are not considered angels, but demons.

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were replaced by demons, forces of evil only striving for corruption. Such demons are not the Greek intermediary spirits, but hostile entities, already known in Iranian beliefs. In

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was a demonic goddess with the "head of a lion, the teeth of a donkey, naked breasts, a hairy body, hands stained (with blood?), long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of

5246: 1463:, originally meant any supernatural spirit, either good or bad. Since the /s/ of the Indic linguistic branch is cognate with the /h/ of the Early Iranian languages, the word 1587:

Belief in demons does not constitute an essential feature in Buddhism. However, since belief in demons were common during the rise of Buddhism, they are integrated into the

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disputed that Maimonides denied the existence of demons entirely. He would only dispute the existence of demons in his own life time, but not that demons had existed once.

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Ram-headed demon. The hands probably outstretch to hold two snakes. From a royal tomb in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt. End of the 18th Dynasty, around 1325 BCE

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and nightmares. There also existed a demon of blindness, "Shabriri" (lit. "dazzling glare") who rested on uncovered water at night and blinded those who drank from it.

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in a Persian manuscript. As evident from the poetry of Sanā'ī Ghaznavī, the sword is believed to be made from fire (آتش), able to kill not only a body but also a soul.

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Iranian Studies: Volume 2: History of Persian Literature from the Beginning of the Islamic Period to the Present Day. (2016). Niederlande: Brill. p. 23

845:". These demons could sometimes leave the underworld and terrorize mortals on earth. One class of demons that were believed to reside in the underworld were known as 2923:(known humans), emphasizing the status of jinn as equal in regards of their creation and rejecting the pre-Islamic belief that jinn share divinity with the Creator. 2515:

and it does not respond to living perceptions of felt experience and was considered rather impractical to have a lasting effect or impact on Christian demonology.

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There are numberless designations for various groups of demonic entities in Manichaean cosmology. The general term used for the beings of the world of darkness is

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on the realm of light, and a future moment when both principles are distinct forever. Thus, evil and demons played a significant role within Manichaean teachings.

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Dein, Simon, and Abdool Samad Illaiee. "Jinn and mental health: looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice." The Psychiatrist 37.9 (2013): 290-293.

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Shah, Portrayed in Shah Tahmasp’S. "Twin Spirits Angels and Devils Portrayed in Shah Tahmasp’S Shah Nameh Duncan Haldane." Paradise and Hell in Islam (2012): 39.

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do not refer to demons as they remain at the service of God: "Stand not in the way of an ox when coming from the pasture, for Satan dances between his horns".

1171:. As a consequence of the rise of influence of the Babylonian Talmud over that of the Jerusalem Talmud, late rabbis, in general, took as fact the existence of 8836: 4454:

O'Flaherty, W. D., Doniger, W. (1988). The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. Indien: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 65-95

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Demons are included in biblical interpretation. In the story of Passover, the Bible tells the story as "the Lord struck down all the firstborn in Egypt" (

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Demons are believed to be vanquished by sacred symbols. The content of the symbol depends on the prevailing religion of the culture. Among Turks, the

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The "wanderers" are associated with possession, mental illness, death and plagues. Many of them serve as executioners for the major deities, such as

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Pantić, Nikola. Sufism in Ottoman Damascus: Religion, Magic, and the Eighteenth-century Networks of the Holy. Taylor & Francis, 2023. chapter 3

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Zarieva, N. P., Iliev, K., Krsteva, M., & Donev, D. (2019). The Origins of the Seven Deadly Sins. Yearbook-Faculty of Philology, 10(14), 49-53.

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Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86

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from the second century onwards created a more complicated tapestry of beliefs about "demons" that was largely independent of Christian scripture.

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explains that he is the son of an angel and a human mother. Another demon describes himself as having died in the "massacre in the age of giants".

6921: 909:. She was believed to ride in her boat on the river of the underworld and she was associated with donkeys. She was believed to be the daughter of 659: 9852: 4928:

The Good, the Bad and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period p. 24

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The Good, the Bad and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period p. 24

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The Good, the Bad and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period p. 24

1094:, who spoke of demons as "spirits of the wicked which enter into men that are alive and kill them", but which could be driven out by a certain 784:

of Celtic legend and folklore in their powers and predisposition - and are sometimes translated as "faeries" or "daemons" rather than "demons".

4960:

Zhanar, Abdibek, et al. "The Problems of the Mythological Personages in the Ancient Turkic Literature." Asian Social Science 11.7 (2015): 341.

7812: 7725: 5700:ʻAẓmah, ʻ. (2014). The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Cambridge University Press. p. 293 5368: 3635:

Plomley, N. J. B. (1991). The Westlake papers: records of interviews in Tasmania by Ernest Westlake. Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery.

2872:

distinguishes between the jinn worshipped in private and deities worshipped in public. Likewise, some Muslim Quran commentators identify the

1345:

refers to Genesis 6:4–5, and provides further description of the story connecting the Nephilim to the corruption of humans. According to the

1074:

Various diseases and ailments were ascribed to demons, particularly those affecting the brain and those of internal nature. Examples include

6183: 9380: 6997: 4620: 1939:

fails to conquer the legendary Mazandaran, the land of divs and gets captured. To save his king, Rustam takes a journey and fights through

4969:ÇAKIN, Mehmet Burak. "SÜLEYMÂN-NÂME’DE MİTOLOJİK BİR UNSUR OLARAK DÎVLER." Turkish Studies-Language and Literature 14.3 (2019): 1137-1158. 6073:

Rosen, L. (2008). Varieties of Muslim Experience: Encounters with Arab Political and Cultural Life. Ukraine: University of Chicago Press.

2542:, demons, despite being typically associated with evil, are often shown to be under divine control, and not acting of their own devices. 1697:

seem to rely on their destruction of good. Therefore, Ahriman and his demons would miss any substance and exist only as absence of good.

1337:

10. The Nephilim were seen as the source of the sin and evil on Earth because they are referenced in Genesis 6:4 before the story of the

2145:. The Jewish translators rendered them all as demons, depicting their power as nullified comparable to the description of shedim in the 1199:, when they go astray and ascribe to them powers independent from God. It is not clear from his work, if he considered these images of 6388:

Brown, Peter (1970). "Sorcery, Demons, and the Rise of Christianity from Late Antiquity into the Middle Age". In Douglas, Mary (ed.).

2694:(demonic ruler). These demons rule over the earth and the realm of planets, representing different desires and passions. According to 2126:

The existence of demons as inherently malicious spirits within Old Testamental texts is absent. Though there are evil spirits sent by

8954: 6673: 6283:

L'imaginaire du démoniaque dans la Septante: Une analyse comparée de la notion de "démon" dans la Septante et dans la Bible Hébraïque

5493:

DeConick, April D. "The Gospel of Judas: A Parody of Apostolic Christianity." The Non-Canonical Gospels. T&T Clark, 2008. 96-109.

3008:) understands 'demon' closer to the Greek 'daimon', reserving the concept of the "devil" only for the "demons of the lower regions": 2282:, the author explains how God was noticing "how corrupt the earth had become, for all the people on earth had corrupted their ways" ( 1567:) are recognized in the later Hindu texts. According to Hinduism, demons are not inherently evil beings, but good by following their 6576: 1573:

what is being evil and deceitful. However, nothing is purely evil or good, and a demon could eventually abandon his demonic nature.

8245: 5562: 5243: 4727:

Melville, Charles, and Gabrielle van den Berg, eds. Shahnama Studies II: The Reception of Firdausi's Shahnama. Vol. 5. Brill, 2012.

2868:, asserts that malicious jinn and good gods were distinct in pre-Islamic Arabia, but admits that such distinction is not absolute. 987:). Some Rabbinic scholars assert that demons have existed in Talmudic times, but do not exist regularly in present. When prophecy, 5758:

Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.

599:

posed a major problem for modern scholarship, since the borders between a deity and a demon are sometimes blurred and the ancient

7930: 7900: 6201: 9244: 8131: 5925:, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Devin J. Stewart. Consulted online on 3 March 2024. 1349:, sin originates when angels descend from heaven and fornicate with women, birthing giants. The Book of Enoch shows that these 2331: 1303:

classifies them as those who are like humans and submit to the Torah, and those who have no fear of God and are like animals.

608:

underworld may prevent human souls from entering paradise. Only by knowing the right charms is the deceased able to enter the

9308: 8879: 8100: 8037: 6952: 6910: 6796: 6749: 6617: 6529: 6506: 6487: 6468: 6416: 6331: 6312: 5956: 5800: 5740: 5667: 5642: 5603: 5521: 5329: 4584: 4524: 4500: 3561: 5428: 2379: 2057:("invocation of the name of Allah") is used to ward off demons, while among Armenians, the symbol of the cross is utilized. 7028: 3200:

by evil spirits – only to be convinced otherwise after encountering two cases which did not fit into any category known to

2439:, described demons as psychological powers, tempting to evil, in contrast to benevolent angels advising good. According to 1262:("morning spirits"), as well as the "demons that bring famine" and "such as cause storm and earthquake". According to some 9256: 6038:

Josephson-Storm, Jason Ānanda (2018). "The superstition, secularism, and religion trinary: Or re-theorizing secularism".

3141:, al-Jāḥiẓ states that jinn and demons are the product of loneliness. Such a state induces people to mind-games, causing 4554: 806: 10269: 9595: 9340: 8313: 8197: 8007: 7772: 7146: 6971: 6856:

VanderKam, James C. (1999). "The Angel Story in The Book Of Jubilees". In Chazon, Esther G.; Stone, Michael E. (eds.).

6846: 6819: 6768: 6655: 6636: 6548: 6435: 6397: 6378: 6022: 5125: 4850: 4671: 144: 2221: 1284:, demons are regarded as a necessary part of the divine emanation in the material world and a byproduct of human sin ( 9590: 9335: 8920: 7141: 6265: 6172: 6154: 6122: 5934: 5556: 5308: 5288: 5228: 5161: 5092: 4861: 4799: 4765: 4655: 3425: 2165: 3085:, which implies the belief that everyone is responsible for their own fate and not at the mercy of external forces. 2040:. At this time, the demons are more anthropomorphized and morally complex than their original Persian counterparts ( 1599:

from their previous lives. When Buddhism spread, it accommodated itself with indigenous popular ideas about demons.

1059:, however, are not pagan demigods, but the foreign gods themselves. Both entities appear in a scriptural context of 276:

traditions. Demons are still feared largely due to their alleged power to possess living creatures. In contemporary

10213: 9475: 9328: 9323: 9318: 8531: 4295:(Targ. Yer. to Deuteronomy xxxii. 24 and Numbers vi. 24; Targ. to Cant. iii. 8, iv. 6; Eccl. ii. 5; Ps. xci. 5, 6.) 2926:

While the jinn are morally ambivalent, the devils are inherently malevolent beings and closer to the devils of the

1734: 1729: 6497:

García Martínez, Florentino (2002). "Magic in the Dead Sea Scrolls". In Bremmer, Jan N.; Veenstra, Jan R. (eds.).

3396: 2305:, the prince of demons, appears as a fallen angel, not as a demon, but makes people worship demons as their gods. 10365: 9279: 9249: 7915: 7539: 5983: 3184:

he provides identifying characteristics of an evil person, whom he classified as having a character disorder. In

3106:, denied that demons (jinn, devils, divs etc.) have physicality and asserted, they could only affect the mind by 2450: 2322: 1849: 2527:

At various times in Christian history, attempts have been made to classify demons according to various proposed

1943:. Divs are among the common enemies Rustam faces, the last one the Div-e Sepid, the demonic king of Mazandaran. 10370: 8821: 7895: 7756: 7121: 6350: 2873: 2840: 2833: 2138:, the "gods of other nations" were merged into a single category of demons (daimones) with implied negativity. 1804: 3618: 769:

China has two classes of beings that might be regarded as demons, and which are generally translated as such:

8947: 8831: 7981: 7158: 7089: 6988: 6524:. London, New York City, Melbourne, Toronto, New Delhi, Auckland, and Rosebank, South Africa: Penguin Books. 2571: 5980:

Saif, Liana. The Arabic influences on early modern occult philosophy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

5971:

Saif, Liana. The Arabic influences on early modern occult philosophy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

2534:

In recent times, scholars doubted that independent demons exist, and rather considers them, aking to Jewish

8623: 8238: 7796: 4207: 2196:. Their origin is unclear, the texts take the existence of demons for granted. Many early Christians, like 1114: 898: 289: 195: 6015:

Dämonen und unreine Geister: Die Evangelien, gelesen auf dem Hintergrund von Krieg, Vertreibung und Trauma

10146: 9882: 9485: 9297: 7382: 7153: 6678: 4166: 2227: 1808: 225:) did not carry negative connotations, as it denotes a spirit or divine power. The Greek conception of a 3518: 2374: 1527:(lit. from "harm to be guarded against"), and asura are incorrectly translated into English as "demon". 1043:

demons in the shape of goats. They might be a metaphorical symbol for life-threatening animals, such as

9732: 9387: 8323: 7820: 6964:

Demons and Spirits in Biblical Theology: Reading the Biblical Text in its Cultural and Literary Context

6669: 3308: 2911:. According to the Quran, the jinn can neither benefit nor harm humans, in contrast to demons from the 2264: 566:

cultures have various beings translated into english as "demons" or "devils". The most notable is the

10191: 9742: 9490: 8702: 8156: 7852: 5510:(June 30, 2009). "The Secret Book of John (The Apocryphon of John - The Secret Revelation of John)". 4162: 3038: 2272: 1940: 574:

mythology in particular has many beings translated as "devils"; these include malicious spirits like

491: 4463:

Asian Mythologies. (1993). Vereinigtes Königreich: University of Chicago Press. p. 52

2326: 2283: 9847: 9794: 9600: 9350: 9176: 8989: 8940: 8526: 8182: 7960: 7950: 7860: 7732: 7021: 6873: 6236: 3403: 3298: 3239: 3061:, a Japanese ogre-like creature which often has horns and often translated into English as "demon". 2444: 2318: 2113:

of Islamic tradition, as the Quran asserts that it is God who controls both the angels and devils.

2097: 1845: 1289: 5376: 2213:

may not fit the proposed origin of evil in free will, taught in alternate or opposing theologies.

10311: 9937: 9274: 9166: 8908: 8800: 8780: 8467: 8457: 8303: 8296: 8231: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 7976: 7788: 7740: 7527: 7409: 7201: 6240: 6145:

Glimpses of the Devil: A Psychiatrist's Personal Accounts of Possession, Exorcism, and Redemption

4656:

An Introduction to First Century Judaism: Jewish Religion and History in the Second Temple Period

3492: 3258: 3178:

Glimpses of the Devil: A Psychiatrist's Personal Accounts of Possession, Exorcism, and Redemption

2820: 2364: 2279: 1338: 935: 743: 266: 5815:

Erdağı, D. Evil in Turkish Muslim horror film: the demonic in “Semum”. SN Soc Sci 4, 27 (2024).

5582:

Erdağı, D. Evil in Turkish Muslim horror film: the demonic in “Semum”. SN Soc Sci 4, 27 (2024).

5390:

Chiu, S. N. (2000). "Historical, Religious, and Medical Perspectives of Possession Phenomenon".

5205:

Moshe Berstein (2000). "Angels at the Aqedah: A Study in the Development of a Midrashic Motif".

4616: 2184:

do not have the word 'demon' in their vocabulary and translate it as 'devil'. As adversaries of

1946:

The div in the Shahnameh might include both demonic supernatural beings as well as evil humans.

893:". She was believed to feed on the blood of human infants and was widely blamed as the cause of 280:

traditions, demons may be used as metaphors for inner psychological processes ("inner demons").

10164: 9668: 9313: 9289: 9239: 8628: 8058: 8042: 8032: 7991: 7986: 7844: 7836: 6858:

Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha And Pseudepigrapha In Light Of The Dead Sea Scrolls

5517: 4747: 3283: 2798: 2244: 1844:, the giant offspring became the ancient tyrannic rulers over mankind, until overthrown by the 342: 206: 34: 17: 9520: 6517: 5993: 5118:

Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature

2946:). Such acts may include illicit blood-sacrifices, abandoning prayer, and rejecting fasting. 9455: 9419: 9234: 9035: 8073: 8068: 7945: 7467: 7223: 7196: 7136: 4783: 4217: 3678: 3528: 3166:

shows better than anything the influence of mourning on the origin of the belief in demons."

3137: 2398: 2205: 2161: 2076:). The demons would have reigned for 70,000 years until they have been replaced by the jinn ( 1355: 571: 563: 116: 2408:

in the New Testament, especially the poetry of the Book of Revelation, Christian writers of

10289: 10181: 9366: 9359: 9030: 8785: 8546: 8398: 8281: 8192: 8187: 7910: 7905: 7702: 7062: 7037: 5020: 3303: 3066: 2978: 2965:, when God created Adam, he ordered the angels to bow before the newest creation. However, 2713:

was used for demons and refers to both the Archons as well as to their demonic assistants.

2314: 2294: 1634: 1503:

came to exclusively mean any of a race of anthropomorphic, powerful, possibly evil beings.

1383: 1175:, nor did most of the medieval thinkers question their reality. However, rationalists like 995:

gradually decreased, the demonic powers of impurity have become correspondingly weak, too.

820: 467: 427: 156: 56: 6460:

Totem and Taboo:Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics

5712:

Magic and Divination in Early Islam. (2021). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.

1819:) beget giant half-demon offspring with human woman. In the Middle Persian version of the 8: 10176: 9673: 9562: 9525: 9500: 9303: 9154: 8633: 8499: 8265: 8078: 8063: 7804: 7764: 7419: 7404: 7206: 7101: 7096: 7072: 7014: 6568: 2865: 2691: 2551: 2355: 2127: 1865: 1642: 1623: 1107: 277: 250: 148: 6522:

The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian

4538:

The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3 (2), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods

2919:

to refer to foreign inseen anthropomorphic creatures in general, frequently paired with

2772:

Examples of the Jinn of the Air depicted on Seljuk 13th century tilework from Kubad Abad

975:

There are differing opinions in Judaism about the existence or non-existence of demons (

334: 10329: 9842: 9822: 9812: 9685: 9623: 9580: 9394: 9266: 9226: 9181: 9096: 9081: 8979: 8974: 8770: 8660: 8645: 8514: 8430: 7955: 7887: 7131: 6941: 6808: 6728: 5850: 5016: 3762:

A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through the Mountains and Seas

3610: 3197: 2994: 2730: 2394: 2181: 2173: 2061: 2025: 1974: 1920: 1799: 1675: 992: 368: 152: 49: 6198: 4840: 416:

does not carry the negative connotation initially understood by implementation of the

10294: 10208: 9887: 9762: 9505: 9159: 9070: 9064: 9025: 9013: 8915: 8884: 8826: 8717: 8583: 8541: 8318: 8177: 7584: 7414: 7218: 7067: 6967: 6948: 6906: 6842: 6825: 6815: 6792: 6764: 6745: 6651: 6632: 6613: 6544: 6525: 6502: 6483: 6464: 6431: 6412: 6393: 6374: 6346: 6327: 6308: 6150: 6143: 6118: 6111: 6018: 5952: 5930: 5926: 5796: 5736: 5663: 5638: 5599: 5552: 5325: 5304: 5284: 5224: 5157: 5121: 5088: 4902: 4857: 4846: 4805: 4795: 4761: 4667: 4580: 4520: 4496: 3333: 3323: 2931: 2891:

Muslims generally adopt the belief that jinn can possess people. In the tradition of

2869: 2528: 2436: 2401:, although many other Christian churches affirm and discuss the existence of demons. 2343: 2189: 1982: 1512: 1372: 1211: 1203:

as manifestations of actual spirits or merely delusions. Despite academic consensus,

1156: 1155:("demons" or "spirits") are almost unknown or occur only very rarely, whereas in the 613: 600: 265:, and Christian demonology, a demon is believed to be a spiritual entity that may be 258: 254: 184: 168: 160: 132: 70: 6600: 5620: 5546: 5454:

Ginza Rabba: The Great Treasure. An equivalent translation of the Mandaean Holy Book

3747:

A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures in the Guideway through the Mountains and Seas

2141:

The Greek Daimons were associated with demi-divine entities, deities, illnesses and

1546:

Hinduism advocates the reincarnation and transmigration of souls according to one's

10339: 10203: 10049: 9905: 9874: 9575: 9373: 9143: 9045: 8984: 8858: 8790: 8519: 8509: 8477: 8393: 8361: 8151: 7667: 7387: 7268: 7258: 7191: 7084: 6720: 6596: 6298: 6294: 6047: 5905: 5616: 5507: 5193: 5173: 4894: 2811: 2368: 2360: 2268: 2258: 2065: 2037: 2029: 1551: 1496: 1480: 1334: 1312: 1192: 1148: 1060: 747: 652: 479: 9727: 6899: 6285:. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism (in French). Vol. 197. 4476: 3553: 3224:, despite the fact that Peck consistently called Martin a liar and a manipulator. 466:

and their Christian neighbors alike, as inhabited by the numinous presence of the

198:

doing the Devil's work, they have additional duties— causing humans to have

10360: 10284: 9832: 9430: 9205: 9148: 8775: 8765: 8551: 8489: 8472: 8462: 8425: 8121: 7477: 7377: 7273: 6205: 6187: 6176: 5422: 5250: 4662: 4490: 3624: 3113: 2927: 2877: 2789: 2768: 2761: 2718: 2625: 2469: 2350: 2142: 1841: 1828: 1812: 1742: 1724: 1709: 1516: 1472: 1427: 1318: 1111: 1064: 698: 540: 322: 143:, stemming from humanity's fear of the unknown, the strange and the horrific. In 7662: 5874:

Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.

5772:

Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.

5623:. First published online: 2009. First print edition: 9789004181304, 2009, 2009-3 4987:

Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.

3402:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

2172:

Through the New Testament, demons appear 55 times, and 46 times in reference to

2093: 1417:

The Army of Super Creatures – from The Saugandhika Parinaya Manuscript (1821 CE)

10264: 10259: 9757: 9585: 9535: 9460: 9284: 9121: 9040: 8712: 8536: 8452: 8308: 8254: 7707: 7163: 6994:

Hyperlinked references to demons in the online Catechism of the Catholic Church

6247: 5909: 5189: 5181: 5067: 5065: 4845:. Literatures as World Literature. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 40–43. 3407: 3348: 3217: 3213: 3078: 2714: 2629: 2593: 2387: 2240: 1713: 544: 505:

as synonym for devils goes back at least as far as about 825. The German word (

314: 180: 6303: 6051: 5511: 5452:

Al-Saadi, Qais Mughashghash; Al-Saadi, Hamed Mughashghash (2019). "Glossary".

4898: 4809: 2044:). However, a general negative association remains during the Islamic period. 1907: 1589: 1413: 665: 434:

The Greek terms do not have any connotations of evil or malevolence. In fact,

10354: 10159: 10036: 10009: 9705: 9614: 9547: 9515: 9470: 9465: 9188: 9171: 8874: 8816: 8680: 8561: 8556: 8494: 8415: 8371: 8366: 8356: 8286: 8207: 7697: 7657: 7622: 7502: 7077: 6829: 6665: 6454: 6362:

Zoroastrianism: A Shadowy but Powerful Presence in the Judaeo-Christian World

6138: 6106: 5816: 5583: 5542: 4938: 4906: 4550: 3169: 3158: 3154: 3098:

A minority of Muslim scholars in the Medieval Age, often associated with the

2958: 2740: 2605: 2254: 2250: 2201: 2157: 1661: 1612: 1467:, representing a category of celestial beings, is a cognate with Old Persian 1346: 1342: 816: 495: 65: 6699: 6567:

Hirsch, Emil G.; Gottheil, Richard; Kohler, Kaufmann; Broydé, Isaac (1906).

5270:, p. 132, Signet Classics, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 69-15825 5062: 2415:

While daimons were considered as both potentially benevolent or malevolent,

10186: 9827: 9570: 9510: 9450: 9222: 9116: 9091: 9086: 9052: 8750: 8571: 8482: 8408: 8388: 8346: 8172: 7828: 7780: 7564: 7517: 7512: 7472: 7233: 7116: 6428:

The Varieties of Magical Experience: Indigenous, Medieval, and Modern Magic

6281:

Angelini, Anna (2021). "Les dieux des autres: entre «démons» et «idoles»".

5827:

Teuma, E. (1984). More on Qur'anic jinn. Melita Theologica, 39(1–2), 37–45.

5503: 4644:, 1935, Bd. 1, chapter: Account of the way wherein he deludes the Dualists. 3268: 2756: 2613: 2425: 2339: 1868:(Jesus) is said to have chained up demons in the sky. Their offspring, the 1753: 1679: 1582: 1350: 1103: 1036: 1004: 894: 644: 617: 487: 455: 293: 172: 99:

entity. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in

96: 6610:

Ascending Jacob's Ladder: Jewish Views of Angels, Demons, and Evil Spirits

6343:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

6169: 4825:

Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, saints, people

3099: 1936: 1619:, literally "white demon", the chieftain of demons from the epic Shahnameh 841:

was home to many demons, which are sometimes referred to as "offspring of

10253: 10238: 10171: 10014: 9999: 9989: 9942: 9900: 9892: 9722: 9495: 9401: 9111: 9076: 8889: 8848: 8755: 8670: 8442: 8437: 8378: 8351: 8291: 7748: 7692: 7632: 7532: 7497: 7482: 7424: 7337: 7263: 7186: 6499:

The Metamorphosis of Magic from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period

5343:

Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early Christianity

5011:

Anne Marie Kitz. "Demons in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East".

4841:

Abedinifard, Mostafa; Azadibougar, Omid; Vafa, Amirhossein, eds. (2021).

3188:

Peck goes into significant detail describing how he became interested in

3180:. Peck describes in some detail several cases involving his patients. In 3074: 2510:: The lowest type of demon, blind and almost senseless in the lowest hell 2135: 2134:, since they serve and do not oppose the governing deity. First then the 1768:(God and the Devil) consist of four bodies and one spirit. The bodies of 1705: 1627: 1616: 1180: 950: 750:), and in tales about cultivators of supernatural power and immortality ( 621: 417: 318: 140: 136: 7677: 6732: 5854: 5838: 5683: 5085:

The Devil, Demonology, and Witchcraft: Christian Beliefs in Evil Spirits

2001: 927: 875:

2144 – 2124 BCE), a minor god named Ig-alima is described as "the great

734:

highlighting their spiritual deviance and moral corruption, is Xie (邪).

570:, which was originally a term applied to malevolent spirits in general. 272:

Belief in demons remains an important part of many modern religions and

10248: 10099: 10024: 9994: 9974: 9969: 9932: 9922: 9915: 9910: 9896: 9864: 9557: 9480: 9198: 9138: 9133: 9008: 8853: 8734: 8655: 8618: 8576: 8341: 8116: 7920: 7579: 7522: 7507: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7332: 7312: 7111: 7041: 7006: 5185: 3273: 3205: 3201: 3129: 3082: 3034: 2892: 2678: 2585: 2209: 1986: 1540: 1408: 1404: 1176: 983: 949:, storm-demons, represented in ox-like form." They were represented as 697:

distinguish between the demons of mountains and forests (the seductive

596: 535: 526: 483: 459: 444: 330: 326: 305: 112: 6560:

Angels and Demons in the Book of Jubilees and Contemporary Apocalypses

4577:

The Gnostic Bible: Revised and Expanded Edition Shambhala Publications

3476: 3053: 2907:). The demonic features of jinn are, however, virtually absent in the 10299: 10089: 10004: 9984: 9817: 9802: 9653: 9193: 8795: 8566: 8383: 7612: 7394: 7372: 7322: 7317: 7295: 6724: 5896:

Erdağı, D. "Evil in Turkish Muslim horror film: the demonic in 'Semum

5322:

Evil, Spirits, and Possession: An Emergentist Theology of the Demonic

4885:

Asatrian, Garnik (2013). "Armenian Demonology: A Critical Overview".

4450: 4448: 3338: 3070: 2990: 2954: 2703: 2682: 2651: 2597: 2567: 2557: 2409: 2193: 2177: 1832: 1760:(devils' delusion), credits the Manichaeans with believing that each 1647: 1326: 1292:. They are subject to the divine will, and do not act independently. 1168: 1099: 1075: 1068: 988: 706: 702: 451: 297: 191: 104: 9425: 7168: 2616:(or Suf) lies in the World of Darkness. The great dividing river of 1441:

that they are said to inhabit the underworld. The identification of

1317:

The sources of demonic influence were thought to originate from the

1266:

stories, demons were under the dominion of a king or chief, usually

811: 725:

monasteries, causing serious nuisances, and unable to be exorcised.

355: 213: 10233: 10084: 9979: 9927: 9859: 9715: 9663: 9552: 9126: 9057: 8690: 8420: 8403: 8203:

Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period

8126: 7869:

Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants

7687: 7569: 7487: 7327: 7290: 7106: 6761:

The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World

6179:, an interview with M. Scott Peck by Rebecca Traister published in 3328: 3313: 3254: 3189: 3121: 3018: 2632:. Prominent infernal beings found in the World of Darkness include 2520: 2383: 2298: 2197: 2053: 2009: 2005: 1924: 1880: 1870: 1564: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1520: 1500: 1484: 1438: 1322: 1285: 1281: 1236: 1095: 1091: 1079: 906: 886: 587: 463: 405: 301: 238: 164: 108: 100: 9784: 8932: 7126: 6180: 4445: 3368: 3363: 3358: 521:) and demons as evil spirits, and akin to the original meaning of 310: 190:

Demons may or may not also be considered to be devils: minions of

159:, a demon is considered a harmful spiritual entity that may cause 48:"Evil spirit" and "Evil spirits" redirect here. For the film, see 10109: 10104: 10079: 10044: 10019: 9964: 9807: 9779: 9767: 9710: 8963: 8843: 8760: 8722: 8685: 8675: 8593: 8504: 8223: 7672: 7602: 7492: 7253: 7228: 5885:

Commanding Demons and Jinn: The Sorcerer in Early Islamic Thought

4736:

Bakr, Sarmad Mohammad. "The Structural Level in the Sufi Poetry."

3353: 3249: 3022: 2900: 2885: 2853: 2849: 2785: 2699: 2643: 2432: 2287: 2104:

and the angels from the fires of the stars and smoke. Due to the

2033: 1990: 1978: 1968: 1964: 1932: 1693: 1492: 1460: 1368: 1330: 1268: 1263: 1227: 1142: 1087: 1052: 1048: 1040: 940: 856: 793: 773: 763: 751: 710: 682: 674: 648: 262: 124: 6463:. Translated by Strachey. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 5424:

The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba

4355: 3132:, explained jinn and demons as merely psychological phenomena. 2297:, written sometime in the first three centuries C.E., the demon 890: 701:魑魅), demons of trees and rocks (a necrophagous fever-demon, the 10198: 10114: 10094: 10074: 9772: 9737: 9678: 9106: 9101: 8727: 8697: 8638: 8447: 7682: 7637: 7607: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7462: 7445: 7440: 7367: 6290: 6286: 3278: 3244: 3234: 3221: 3108: 3042: 3026: 2935: 2881: 2745: 2695: 2634: 2617: 2609: 2575: 2463: 2420: 2416: 2232: 2146: 1912: 1569: 1560: 1504: 1488: 1379: 1375:, which lists the names of demons the narrator hopes to expel. 1363: 1129: 977: 970: 966: 916: 902: 868: 632: 567: 273: 199: 120: 85: 74: 41: 4707: 3976: 3974: 3025:. The use of ceremonial magic to call demons is also known as 1593:. Accordingly, their malevolent condition is due to their bad 1098:, witnessed such a performance in the presence of the Emperor 555: 10304: 10274: 10243: 10154: 10136: 10069: 10064: 9949: 9747: 9700: 9658: 9646: 9641: 9631: 9018: 8707: 8650: 8611: 8606: 8212: 7652: 7647: 7627: 7617: 7544: 7455: 7450: 7399: 7285: 7280: 7211: 6711:

Martin, Dale Basil (2010). "When Did Angels Become Demons?".

4078: 4030: 3343: 3263: 3125: 3103: 2966: 2962: 2939: 2912: 2908: 2845: 2777: 2734:

in which they are said to have helped construct the physical

2728:

Examples of Gnostic portrayals of demons can be found in the

2667: 2659: 2589: 2581: 2185: 2105: 2085: 2073: 1782: 1773: 1683: 1666: 1655: 1595: 1547: 1433: 1300: 1246: 1216: 1204: 1123: 1044: 945: 921: 880: 864: 847: 829: 475: 442: 435: 431:), and later ascribed to any cognate words sharing the root. 420: 401: 378: 362: 353: 346: 243: 234: 227: 220: 211: 176: 6480:

The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English

6324:

Demons and Illness from Antiquity to the Early-Modern Period

5502: 5477: 5475: 5221:

Divine Scapegoats: Demonic Mimesis in Early Jewish Mysticism

4097: 4095: 4093: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3172:, an American psychiatrist, wrote two books on the subject, 2216: 1708:

was a major religion founded in the third century AD by the

1437:) both share the upper world. It is only by the time of the 939:, originally published in 12 volumes from 1901 to 1906, "In 10279: 10121: 9954: 9837: 9752: 9695: 8665: 7642: 7574: 7342: 7300: 6591:

Hutter, Manfred; et al. (2011). "Demons and Spirits".

5733:

Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice

5708: 5706: 4433: 4421: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3318: 3293: 2781: 2735: 2681:

largely relies on Greek and Persian dualism, especially on

2621: 2601: 2561: 2480:: The highest demons who inhabit the ether, beyond the moon 2089: 1981:. The spirit is believed to possess people who then become 1687: 1555: 1508: 1422: 1118: 954: 450:, which literally translates as "good-spiritedness") means 128: 6566: 6541:

The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence

4138: 3120:, 'demonic whisperings in the mind'). Some scholars, like 1996: 10131: 10126: 10059: 10054: 9690: 5472: 5180:. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. It is considered one of the 5136: 5134: 5105:

Demons and the Devil in Ancient and Medieval Christianity

5026: 4990: 4268: 4144: 4090: 4061: 4042: 4003: 3939: 3778:

De Groot (1907). "2, On Spectres of Mounts and Forests".

3716: 3714: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3288: 3058: 2069: 910: 838: 824: 396:("to divide" or "distribute"). The Greek conception of a 6943:

Evil and the Demonic: A New Theory of Monstrous Behavior

5703: 4836: 4834: 4794:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. 3986: 3956: 3726: 3593: 3591: 3013:'evil knowing one', for calos means 'good', cacos 'bad'. 2957:, the devils have been dismissed by God when he created 2524:

which any Christian can offer for themselves or others.

1449:

stems from the description of asura as "formerly gods" (

1167:

in general was not questioned by most of the Babylonian

202:

thoughts and tempting humans to commit sinful actions.

5795:] (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 5768: 5766: 5764: 4788:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales

2192:. They are explicitly said to be ruled by the Devil or 628: 6445:

Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (1988). "Zoroastrianism".

5951:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 112. 5839:"THE TREATMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF EVIL IN THE QUR'ĀN" 5154:

Satan and Māra: Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil

5131: 5050: 5038: 4475:

Eduljee, K. E. "Zoroastrian Heritage." On-line at<

4171: 3711: 3684: 3648: 3576: 2895:, it has been considered to be part of the doctrines ( 1341:. In Genesis 6:5, God sees evil in the hearts of men. 6789:

From Gabriel to Lucifer: A Cultural History of Angels

5929:. First published online: 2009. First print edition: 4831: 4517:

Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times

4409: 4388: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4256: 4244: 4195: 4107: 3588: 3509: 3507: 2825: 2018: 953:, derived from the colossal bulls used as protective 6409:

The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic and Mysticism

5761: 4827:. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 85. 4492:

The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research

2803: 2725:

for betraying Jesus and a supporter of the Archons.

2088:

as their leader to chase them away and the story of

1848:. Nonetheless, these demons are still active in the 624:

and they were the focus of local and private cults.

6449:. Vol. 29. Danbury: Grolier. pp. 813–815. 5887:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014. pp. 142-149 4723: 4721: 4719: 3464: 2934:. However, summoning a devil requires acts against 1136: 746:), in records about paranormal or occult activity ( 494:. This was then inherited by the Koine text of the 6940: 6898: 6807: 6444: 6208:, an interview with M. Scott Peck by Laura Sheahen 6142: 6113:People of the Lie: The Hope For Healing Human Evil 6110: 4367: 4183: 3670: 3668: 3534: 3504: 3486: 3174:People of the Lie: The Hope For Healing Human Evil 2685:. In accordance with Platonism, they regarded the 1977:people traditionally believe in a spirit called a 1794:would multiple by angels and demons respectively. 1362:The Book of Jubilees conveys that sin occurs when 863:could also be benevolent and, in a hymn from King 361:) denotes a spirit or divine power, much like the 5927:http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204 5754: 5752: 5541: 5416: 5414: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 1027:) appears in two places in the Hebrew Bible. The 859:into the underworld. Like other demons, however, 550: 10352: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5451: 4884: 4716: 2702:depicted the world as surrounded by the demonic 1106:. In mythology, there were few defences against 744:Shen Mo Xiaoshuo (lit. "Gods and demons novels") 6557: 6496: 6477: 6037: 5660:Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn 4666:(Continuum International Publishing Group 1996 4477:http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism 4439: 4427: 4361: 4304:Targ. to Eccl. i. 13; Pes. 110a; Yer. Shek. 49b 3665: 1953: 1195:states that insane people can see the image of 943:mythology the seven evil deities were known as 660:List of supernatural beings in Chinese folklore 404:, where it describes the divine inspiration of 237:, where it describes the divine inspiration of 7726:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament 5749: 5411: 4590: 4540:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983. 3546: 2844:not always clear. In the regions north to the 2180:. Some old English Bible translations such as 2100:, demons were created in the time between the 1923:. They defeat and subjugate the demonic divs. 1367:and destroys them, leaving 10% to be ruled by 1230:tales from the Persian tradition describe the 400:notably appears in the philosophical works of 233:notably appears in the philosophical works of 9381:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction 8948: 8239: 7813:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts 7022: 5775: 5626: 5007: 5005: 2670:) and various other demons and evil spirits. 1840:. In accordance with some interpretations of 1727:. One of its key concepts is the doctrine of 1007:mentions two classes of demonic spirits, the 807:Ancient Mesopotamian underworld § Demons 139:. Belief in demons probably goes back to the 6664: 6040:Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 5447: 5445: 4682: 4680: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 3513: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 2953:(authorized Quranic exegesis) attributed to 2271:, which is considered canonical only by the 2080:). Only then, 5000 years later, the angels ( 837:The ancient Mesopotamians believed that the 620:, the guardians shifted towards the role of 515: 507: 183:, and was transferred to Judaism during the 6962:Walton, John H.; Walton, J. Harvey (2019). 6922:"Of Demons and Exorcism in Sanatana Dharma" 6321: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5662:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. 5408:"Demon" in Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, 4880: 4878: 3705: 3674: 3124:, rejected the reality of jinn altogether. 3017:The ceremonial magician usually consults a 2628:, separates the World of Darkness from the 1483:are half-brothers, sons of the same father 1163:and magical incantations. The existence of 490:into Greek, which drew on the mythology of 410: 390: 376: 366: 8955: 8941: 8246: 8232: 7029: 7015: 6340: 5940: 5830: 5817:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-024-00832-w 5584:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-024-00832-w 5257:. 1962. Canons Regular of St. John Cantius 5002: 4822: 4704:Volume XII, Harem I–Illuminationism, 2004. 4101: 4084: 4072: 4055: 4036: 4024: 3997: 3980: 3965: 3950: 3501:, Chapter 2, "The Battleground of Demons". 2836:, although their exact origin is unclear. 2780:beliefs, demons are roughly of two types: 1191:The opinion of some authors is not clear. 6901:The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist 6855: 6740:McCraw, Benjamin W.; Arp, Robert (2017). 6739: 6697: 6538: 6425: 6302: 6266:Learn how and when to remove this message 6250:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 5989: 5481: 5465: 5463: 5442: 5071: 5032: 4996: 4677: 4394: 4177: 4119: 3732: 3720: 3693: 3659: 3445: 3426:Learn how and when to remove this message 3284:Holy water § Protection against evil 3088: 2864:(deity) were often used interchangeably. 2217:Pseudepigrapha and deuterocanonical books 2164:from the Ottheinrich Folio depicting the 2060:The origin of the demons is explained by 1690:, demons continue to torment the damned. 1638:Black Div (The Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp) 7036: 6867:The complete Dead Sea scrolls in English 6645: 6280: 6085:, p. 65, quoting Wundt (1906, 129). 5999: 5420: 4875: 4745: 4488: 4471: 4469: 3868:De Groot (1907). "5, on Animal Demons". 3867: 3853:De Groot (1907). "5, on Animal Demons". 3852: 3838:De Groot (1907). "5, on Animal-Demons". 3837: 3823:De Groot (1907). "5, on Animal-Demons". 3822: 3807: 3793:De Groot (1907). "4, On Ground-Demons". 3792: 3777: 3582: 3470: 3052: 2767: 2755: 2373: 2349: 2330: 2220: 2156: 2000: 1906: 1641: 1633: 1622: 1611: 1491:, are also called Asuras. Later, during 1412: 1306: 810: 748:Zhi Guai ("lit. Records of the Strange") 664: 586: 554: 474:into malevolent 'demons', the troupe of 309: 64: 6947:. New York: New York University Press. 6805: 6368: 6322:Bhayro, Siam; Rider, Catherine (2017). 6012: 5786: 5730: 5657: 5632: 5369:"Angels and Demons – Facts not Fiction" 5354: 5167: 4515:R. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff 3918:The Religious System of China, Volume 5 3900:The Religious System of China, Volume 5 3885:The Religious System of China: Volume 5 3808:De Groot (1907). "3, On Water-Demons". 3597: 3458: 2764:, a late 14th-century Arabic manuscript 2308: 1997:Middle Eastern and Central Asian demons 1927:commanded the divs and became known as 257:, which grew out of an amalgamation of 14: 10353: 8132:List of people executed for witchcraft 6864: 6836: 6742:Philosophical Approaches to Demonology 6710: 6626: 6607: 6590: 6515: 6406: 6390:Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations 6341:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). 6017:(in German). Gütersloher Verlagshaus. 5921:Reynolds, Gabriel Said, "Angels", in: 5460: 5366: 5140: 5056: 5044: 5015:, vol. 135, no. 3, 2016, pp. 447–464. 4843:Persian Literature as World Literature 4647: 4415: 4373: 4349: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4274: 4262: 4250: 4213: 4189: 4150: 4113: 3759: 3744: 3029:, a word derived from the Greek word " 2949:According to a tradition mentioned in 2327:Demonic possession § Christianity 2136:Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek 1919:The poem begins with the kings of the 1487:; although some of the Devas, such as 1299:, might be considered benevolent. The 539:, derives seamlessly from the ambient 241:. In Christianity, morally ambivalent 9309:Internet Speculative Fiction Database 8936: 8880:Internet Speculative Fiction Database 8227: 8101:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire 7010: 6810:Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages 6777: 6758: 6453: 6411:(2nd ed.). Llewellyn Worldwide. 6387: 6359: 6345:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 6094: 6082: 5946: 5836: 5218: 4781: 4466: 4201: 3933:Researches into Chinese Superstitions 3911: 3909: 3773: 3771: 3540: 3498: 3482: 1117:had the power to slay demons such as 1035:, "male goat") are mentioned once in 513:), however, is different from devil ( 388:most likely came from the Greek verb 6786: 6700:"Demons (benevolent and malevolent)" 6478:García Martínez, Florentino (1994). 6426:Drury, Neville; Hume, Lynne (2013). 6371:A Dictionary of Comparative Religion 6219: 6137: 6105: 5389: 5303:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 5301:Satan: The Early Christian Tradition 4642:The Devil's Delusion by Ibn al-Jawzi 4489:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993). 3915: 3897: 3882: 3613:", Kath Walker's story collected in 3524: 3379: 2744:which states they are ruled over by 2404:Building upon the few references to 1295:Other demonic entities, such as the 8962: 6650:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 6539:Greenbaum, Dorian Gieseler (2015). 5949:An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith 5283:, p. 31, Faith Publishing Company, 5223:. New York: SUNY Press. p. 4. 3870:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3855:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3840:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3825:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3810:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3795:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3780:Religious System of China, Volume 5 3117: 2815: 2793: 1915:slaying the Div-e Sepid (White Div) 1899: 1393: 1390:, "Songs of the Sage", Lines 4–5). 595:The exact definition of "demon" in 24: 10270:LGBT themes in speculative fiction 9596:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien 8253: 8198:Left-hand path and right-hand path 7773:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus 6999:Dictionary of the History of Ideas 6889: 6860:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 151–170. 5731:Rassool, G. Hussein (2015-07-16). 5427:(PhD). University College London. 5345:. Harvard University Press. p. 157 5281:Overcoming The Power of The Occult 5107:. 2011. Netherlands: Brill. p. 104 4939:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4617:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4557:from the original on 12 March 2007 3906: 3768: 2486:: Demons of the air below the moon 2068:as the possibly first creation of 1554:) of the dead are adjudged by the 179:, originated from a later form of 25: 10382: 6982: 5367:Corapi, John (February 9, 2004). 2592:(Earth). It is ruled by its king 2466:" and the unreal, away from God. 2443:, written in Greek around 360 by 2166:exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac 1607: 1602: 1254:("shade", or "evening spirits"), 757: 115:; these beliefs are reflected in 10335: 10334: 10324: 8914: 8903: 8902: 6990:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6920:Chattopadhyay, Subhasis (2022). 6839:A Jewish Guide to the Mysterious 6806:Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1986). 6248:add missing citation information 6224: 6192: 6163: 6131: 6099: 6088: 6076: 6067: 6058: 6031: 5974: 5965: 5915: 5890: 5877: 5868: 5821: 5809: 5724: 5715: 5694: 5676: 5651: 5609: 5588: 5576: 5535: 5496: 5487: 5402: 5383: 5360: 5335: 5314: 5293: 5273: 5260: 5237: 5212: 5199: 5146: 5110: 5098: 5077: 4981: 4972: 3930: 3384: 3148: 3093: 2457:as "defiancy" and does not give 2152: 2121: 1730:Two Principles and Three Moments 1137:Talmudic tradition and Midrashim 737: 582: 454:. By the early centuries of the 10325: 9280:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series 6704:UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 6686:from the original on 2020-11-13 6601:10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_COM_03364 6579:from the original on 2014-11-07 6558:Hanneken Henoch, T. R. (2006). 6369:Brandon, S. G. F., ed. (1970). 5621:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204 5565:from the original on 2021-04-27 5524:from the original on 2021-04-23 5431:from the original on 2021-10-25 5392:Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry 5299:Jeffrey Burton Russell (1987). 5083:H. A. Kelly (30 January 2004). 4963: 4954: 4945: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4866: 4816: 4775: 4754:Turkish Mythological Dictionary 4739: 4730: 4698: 4689: 4634: 4623:from the original on 2019-04-27 4575:Willis Barnstone, Marvin Meyer 4569: 4543: 4530: 4509: 4495:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 4482: 4457: 4400: 4379: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4241:"Antiquities" viii. 2, § 5 4235: 4223: 4156: 3924: 3891: 3876: 3861: 3846: 3831: 3816: 3801: 3786: 3753: 3738: 3638: 3629: 3603: 3564:from the original on 7 May 2012 3075:rationalistic school of thought 3048: 2972: 2709:Like in Christianity, the term 2540:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 2451:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 2323:Exorcism in the Catholic Church 2116: 1989:folklore, there is a belief in 1630:(The Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp) 1459:, in the earliest hymns of the 1290:punishing angels of destruction 1039::7, probably a recollection of 998: 752:Xian Xia (lit. "Immortal Hero") 7896:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy 7757:Summis desiderantes affectibus 6780:The Torah: A Modern Commentary 6713:Journal of Biblical Literature 6215: 6013:Rehmann, Luzia Sutter (2023). 5596:Understanding Religious Ethics 5255:Sancta Missa – Rituale Romanum 5120:. Cambridge University Press. 5013:Journal of Biblical Literature 4760:. Deniz Karakurt. p. 90. 4713:Vol. VII, Fasc. 4, pp. 428-431 2016:Ideas of demons (often called 2008:slaying demons with his sword 1700: 1674:) had strong influence on the 1471:. Ancient Hinduism tells that 800: 728: 691: 551:Aboriginal Australian cultures 145:ancient Near Eastern religions 13: 1: 6763:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 5116:Annette Yoshiko Reed (2005). 5087:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 3375: 2998: 2673: 2504:: They live beneath the earth 2096:, written during the time of 1993:, a similar cannibal spirit. 1911:Gate of Citadel of semnan 9. 1805:the canonical seven treatises 1717: 1325:, who are first mentioned in 1244:("spirits"). There were also 1159:there are many references to 872: 78: 7901:accusations against children 7797:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 6814:. Cornell University Press. 6407:Dennis, Geoffrey W. (2016). 4286:Pes. 112b; compare B. Ḳ. 21a 3438: 3033:", which originally denoted 2984: 2576: 2545: 2336:The Torment of Saint Anthony 2130:, they can hardly be called 1954:Native North American demons 1780:(Devil) were referred to as 443: 354: 290:Daemon (classical mythology) 283: 244: 228: 212: 7: 9298:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 6782:. Union for Reform Judaism. 6373:. Charles Scribner's Sons. 6199:The Patient Is the Exorcist 5021:10.15699/jbl.1353.2016.3074 4553:. New Advent Encyclopedia. 3227: 2874:pre-Islamic Arabian deities 2841:pre-Islamic Arabian beliefs 2834:pre-Islamic Arabian beliefs 2826: 2804: 2228:The Ladder of Divine Ascent 2019: 1809:intertestamental literature 1576: 1398: 1333:Chapters 1–16, and also in 1275: 1220:in the Babylon Talmud. But 1102:and ascribed its origin to 819:impression showing the god 411: 391: 10: 10387: 7821:Daemonolatreiae libri tres 6939:Oppenheimer, Paul (1996). 6778:Plaut, W. Gunther (2005). 6608:Isaacs, Ronald H. (1998). 6518:"Glossary of Proper Nouns" 6392:. Tavistock Publications. 6364:. London: William's Trust. 5910:10.1007/s43545-024-00832-w 5279:Modica, Terry Ann (1996), 4786:. In Haase, Donald (ed.). 3558:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 3309:List of theological demons 2915:. The Quran uses the term 2905:ahl as-sunnah wal-jammah'a 2748:and punish corrupt souls. 2555: 2549: 2428:and thus equal to demons. 2312: 2248: 2238: 1962: 1958: 1772:(God) were referred to as 1653: 1580: 1515:(lit. sons of the mother " 1507:(lit. sons of the mother " 1402: 1310: 1140: 964: 960: 804: 642: 436: 421: 408:. The original Greek word 347: 287: 221: 47: 31: 10320: 10226: 10145: 10035: 9873: 9793: 9622: 9613: 9543: 9534: 9443: 9411: 9349: 9336:List of story collections 9265: 9221: 9214: 9177:Occult detective fiction‎ 8998: 8970: 8898: 8867: 8809: 8743: 8592: 8334: 8274: 8261: 8165: 8144: 8109: 8093: 8051: 8000: 7969: 7938: 7929: 7886: 7879: 7853:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men 7716: 7593: 7433: 7246: 7179: 7055: 7048: 6791:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6759:Nixey, Catherine (2018). 6593:Religion Past and Present 6304:10.1163/9789004468474_008 6052:10.1163/15700682-12341409 5735:. Routledge. p. 58. 5637:. United Kingdom: Wiley. 5320:David L Bradnick (2017). 5266:Hansen, Chadwick (1970), 5219:Orlov, Andrei A. (2015). 4899:10.1163/1573384X-20130103 3069:conceptualizes humans as 2928:Judeo-Christian tradition 2832:). The jinn are parts of 2620:, analogous to the river 2273:Ethiopian Orthodox Church 2231:, written in Georgian by 2092:begins. According to the 492:ancient Semitic religions 9601:World Fantasy Convention 8183:Christian views on magic 7861:The Discovery of Witches 7733:Directorium Inquisitorum 6841:. Torah Lab Publishers. 6837:Taylor, Pinchas (2020). 6698:Lucarelli, Rita (2010). 6646:Lane Fox, Robin (1988). 5837:YOUNG, M. J. L. (1966). 5787:Nünlist, Tobias (2015). 5421:Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). 4746:Karakurt, Deniz (2011). 3514:Liddell & Scott n.d. 3299:List of fictional demons 3240:Classification of demons 2839:The presence of jinn in 2751: 2445:Athanasius of Alexandria 2346:being assailed by demons 2319:Exorcism in Christianity 2098:Suleiman the Magnificent 1823:they are referred to as 669:Carving of a yaksha (夜叉) 638: 559:A depiction of a Bunyip. 69:Bronze statuette of the 40:Not to be confused with 9669:Fire-breathing monsters 8629:Fire-breathing monsters 7789:De praestigiis daemonum 7741:De maleficis mulieribus 6679:A Greek–English Lexicon 6516:George, Andrew (1999). 6482:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 6430:. Bloomsbury Academic. 5990:Drury & Hume (2013) 5793:Demonic Belief in Islam 5688:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 5658:el-Zein, Amira (2009). 5635:The Historical Muhammad 5633:Zeitlin, I. M. (2007). 5178:Understanding the Bible 5023:. Accessed 16 May 2021. 3760:Strassberg, Richard E. 3745:Strassberg, Richard E. 3706:Bhayro & Rider 2017 3675:Bhayro & Rider 2017 3623:6 February 2012 at the 3487:Duchesne-Guillemin 1988 3259:Prayer to Saint Michael 3192:in order to debunk the 2760:Demons depicted in the 2580:), also referred to as 2498:: Dwelling in the water 2365:National Gallery of Art 2280:Genesis flood narrative 1807:also known from Jewish 1258:("midday spirits"), and 936:The Jewish Encyclopedia 27:Evil supernatural being 10366:Paranormal terminology 9420:Dungeons & Dragons 7845:Compendium Maleficarum 7837:Magical Investigations 7728:(8th–2nd centuries BC) 6905:. Doubleday Religion. 6447:Encyclopedia Americana 6117:. Simon and Schuster. 5923:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5789:Dämonenglaube im Islam 5598:John Wiley & Sons 5456:(2 ed.). Drabsha. 5152:James W. Boyd (1975). 4782:Elsie, Robert (2007). 4102:Black & Green 1992 4085:Black & Green 1992 4073:Black & Green 1992 4056:Black & Green 1992 4037:Black & Green 1992 4025:Black & Green 1992 3998:Black & Green 1992 3981:Black & Green 1992 3966:Black & Green 1992 3951:Black & Green 1992 3089:Psychological approach 3071:autonomous individuals 3062: 3015: 2773: 2765: 2390: 2371: 2347: 2245:Deuterocanonical books 2236: 2169: 2013: 1916: 1776:, while the bodies of 1651: 1639: 1631: 1620: 1418: 834: 823:being tortured in the 670: 592: 560: 516: 508: 377: 367: 338: 88: 35:Demon (disambiguation) 10371:Religious terminology 9486:International Fantasy 8532:Organ transplantation 7468:Cloak of invisibility 7224:Solitary practitioner 7137:Witch-cult hypothesis 6897:Baglio, Matt (2009). 6865:Vermes, Geza (2011). 6787:Rees, Valery (2012). 6666:Liddell, Henry George 6648:Pagans and Christians 5947:Smith, Peter (2008). 4887:Iran and the Caucasus 4749:Türk Söylence Sözlüğü 4640:David S. Margoliouth; 4178:McCraw & Arp 2017 3186:Glimpses of the Devil 3056: 3010: 2771: 2759: 2610:twelve constellations 2492:: Inhabiting the land 2399:Roman Catholic Church 2377: 2353: 2334: 2224: 2206:Clement of Alexandria 2162:Medieval illumination 2160: 2064:'s interpretation of 2004: 1910: 1694:Book 3 of the Denkard 1645: 1637: 1626: 1615: 1581:Further information: 1416: 1382:community during the 1329:and are the focus of 1307:Second Temple Judaism 1141:Further information: 1133:of hideous strength. 814: 805:Further information: 668: 590: 564:Aboriginal Australian 558: 313: 288:Further information: 171:, a key influence on 155:and ancient-medieval 68: 55:. For the album, see 10290:Supernatural fiction 9367:Fantastic Adventures 8188:Magical organization 7703:Witches of Benevento 6884:, Band II). Leipzig. 6360:Boyce, Mary (1987). 6297:. pp. 184–224. 6235:needs more complete 5207:Dead Sea Discoveries 4772:(OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0) 4440:García Martínez 2002 4428:García Martínez 1994 4362:Hanneken Henoch 2006 3935:. pp. 241, 277. 3615:Stradbroke Dreamtime 3304:List of occult terms 3220:priest and a former 3067:Age of Enlightenment 2901:people of the Sunnah 2380:Saint Francis Borgia 2315:Christian demonology 2309:Christian demonology 2295:Testament of Solomon 1931:(binder of demons). 1846:angels of punishment 1384:Second Temple period 1240:("harmers"), and the 792:Both the indigenous 167:. Large portions of 157:Christian demonology 33:For other uses, see 9591:Tolkien's influence 9304:Fantasy Masterworks 9257:Television programs 9065:Fairy tale parodies 8314:Television programs 8266:Speculative fiction 7805:Newes from Scotland 7765:Malleus Maleficarum 7142:Anglo-Saxon England 6878:Mythus und Religion 6627:Kohler, K. (2020). 6573:Jewish Encyclopedia 6501:. Leuven: Peeters. 5551:. Jazzybee Verlag. 5341:Brakke, D. (2009). 5268:Witchcraft at Salem 5074:, pp. 136–138. 4823:Friedl, E. (2020). 4277:, pp. 185–188. 4153:, pp. 190–191. 4087:, pp. 147–148. 4039:, pp. 115–116. 3872:. pp. 626–633. 3857:. pp. 563–565. 3827:. pp. 576–599. 3812:. pp. 521–522. 3797:. pp. 535–536. 3782:. pp. 495–496. 2961:. According to the 2866:Emilie Savage-Smith 2721:, portrayed as the 2552:Demons in Mandaeism 2529:demonic hierarchies 2356:Death and the Miser 1676:Abrahamic religions 1250:("night spirits"), 501:The English use of 486:translation of the 251:Western esotericism 149:Abrahamic religions 9813:Damsel in distress 9581:Mythopoeic Society 9182:Paranormal romance 9097:Historical fantasy 9082:Fantasy of manners 9036:Children's fantasy 8431:Zombie pornography 8157:Witches in fiction 8145:In popular culture 7719:historic treatises 6869:. London: Penguin. 6631:. Outlook Verlag. 6204:2008-10-05 at the 6186:2005-12-19 at the 6175:2017-04-20 at the 5249:2019-03-25 at the 5174:Harris, Stephen L. 4893:(1). Brill: 9–25. 4661:2022-01-14 at the 4653:Lester L. Grabbe, 4139:Hirsch et al. 1906 3645:978-0-977-55722-6. 3611:Oodgeroo Noonuccal 3609:See for example, " 3063: 2995:William of Conches 2913:biblical tradition 2774: 2766: 2731:Apocryphon of John 2723:thirtheenth daimon 2435:, like Origen and 2395:Early Christianity 2391: 2372: 2348: 2237: 2182:King James Version 2174:demonic possession 2170: 2014: 1921:Pishdadian dynasty 1917: 1860:. Views on stars ( 1800:The Book of Giants 1652: 1646:Rostam carried by 1640: 1632: 1621: 1419: 993:divine inspiration 957:of royal palaces. 835: 671: 593: 561: 339: 161:demonic possession 89: 82: 800–700 BCE 10348: 10347: 10222: 10221: 10147:Places and events 9609: 9608: 9439: 9438: 9160:Planetary romance 9071:Fairytale fantasy 9026:Alternate history 9014:Sword and sorcery 9005:Action-adventure 8930: 8929: 8885:Bram Stoker Award 8624:Extraterrestrials 8584:Zombie apocalypse 8542:Postmodern horror 8221: 8220: 8178:Witch (archetype) 8140: 8139: 8089: 8088: 7415:Sympathetic magic 7242: 7241: 6966:. Cascade Books. 6954:978-0-8147-6193-9 6912:978-0-385-52270-0 6882:Völkerpsychologie 6798:978-0-857-72162-4 6751:978-1-315-46675-0 6619:978-0-7657-5965-8 6612:. Jason Aronson. 6531:978-0-14-044919-8 6508:978-90-429-1227-4 6489:978-90-04-10088-6 6470:978-0-393-00143-3 6418:978-0-738-74814-6 6333:978-9-004-33854-8 6314:978-90-04-46847-4 6276: 6275: 6268: 5958:978-0-521-86251-6 5802:978-3-110-33168-4 5742:978-1-31744-125-0 5669:978-0-8156-5070-6 5644:978-0-745-63998-7 5604:978-1-405-13351-7 5594:Charles Mathewes 5543:George R. S. Mead 5513:The Gnostic Bible 5330:978-9-004-35061-8 5156:. Brill Archive. 4585:978-0-834-82414-0 4536:Yarshater, Ehsan 4525:978-0-7914-3611-0 4519:SUNY Press, 1998 4502:978-0-7735-1144-6 4364:, pp. 11–25. 4167:Deuteronomy 32:17 3983:, pp. 85–86. 3436: 3435: 3428: 3334:Theistic Satanism 3324:Spiritual warfare 3182:People of the Lie 3006: 1155/1170s 2938:and is therefore 2932:magical practises 2870:Julius Wellhausen 2824: 2802: 2612:. The great dark 2572:World of Darkness 2437:Anthony the Great 2386:, as depicted by 2190:spirit possession 2084:) were sent with 1735:world of darkness 1721: 216–274 AD 1662:Zorastrian belief 1530:With increase in 1431:) and anti-gods ( 1373:Songs of the Sage 1157:Babylonian Talmud 1108:Babylonian demons 855:dragging the god 815:Ancient Sumerian 601:Egyptian language 259:Greco-Roman magic 255:Renaissance magic 169:Jewish demonology 163:, calling for an 71:Assyro-Babylonian 16:(Redirected from 10378: 10338: 10337: 10328: 10327: 10204:Enchanted forest 9848:Occult detective 9620: 9619: 9576:Lovecraft fandom 9541: 9540: 9245:highest-grossing 9219: 9218: 9206:West‎ern fantasy 8957: 8950: 8943: 8934: 8933: 8918: 8906: 8905: 8859:Vulgar auteurism 8527:Occult detective 8468:Southern Ontario 8394:Dark Romanticism 8248: 8241: 8234: 8225: 8224: 8152:Magic in fiction 7982:Northern Moravia 7936: 7935: 7916:Papua New Guinea 7884: 7883: 7668:Nine sorceresses 7420:Witches' Sabbath 7269:Ceremonial magic 7259:Apotropaic magic 7053: 7052: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7008: 7007: 6977: 6958: 6946: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6916: 6904: 6870: 6861: 6852: 6833: 6813: 6802: 6783: 6774: 6755: 6736: 6725:10.2307/25765960 6707: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6661: 6642: 6623: 6604: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6563: 6554: 6535: 6512: 6493: 6474: 6450: 6441: 6422: 6403: 6384: 6365: 6356: 6337: 6318: 6306: 6295:Brill Publishers 6271: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6251: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6209: 6196: 6190: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6148: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6116: 6103: 6097: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6010: 5997: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5944: 5938: 5919: 5913: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5881: 5875: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5834: 5828: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5784: 5773: 5770: 5759: 5756: 5747: 5746: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5701: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5630: 5624: 5613: 5607: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5508:Willis Barnstone 5500: 5494: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5470: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5418: 5409: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5375:. Archived from 5373:fathercorapi.com 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5339: 5333: 5318: 5312: 5297: 5291: 5277: 5271: 5264: 5258: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5216: 5210: 5203: 5197: 5194:Eastern Orthodox 5171: 5165: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5129: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5009: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4882: 4873: 4870: 4864: 4856: 4838: 4829: 4828: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4784:"Albanian Tales" 4779: 4773: 4771: 4759: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4714: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4675: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4613: 4588: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4547: 4541: 4534: 4528: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4486: 4480: 4473: 4464: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4233: 4232:vii. 6, § 3 4230:Bellum Judaeorum 4227: 4221: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4059: 4053: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4001: 3995: 3984: 3978: 3969: 3963: 3954: 3948: 3937: 3936: 3931:Dore, Henry SJ. 3928: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3904: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3766: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3682: 3672: 3663: 3657: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3522: 3516: 3511: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3431: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3388: 3387: 3380: 3138:Kitāb al-Hayawān 3119: 3007: 3003: 3002: 1090/1091 3000: 2831: 2819: 2817: 2809: 2797: 2795: 2604:, mother of the 2600:) and its queen 2579: 2369:Washington, D.C. 2361:Hieronymus Bosch 2269:Book of Jubilees 2259:Book of Jubilees 2066:Tarikh al-Tabari 2030:Turkic countries 2022: 1722: 1719: 1590:cycle of Saṃsāra 1394:Indian religions 1388:Dead Sea Scrolls 1313:Apotropaic magic 1210:Occasionally an 1193:Abraham ibn Ezra 1149:Jerusalem Talmud 1067:to non-existent 874: 653:Zhiguai xiaoshuo 529:conception of a 519: 511: 480:Byzantine period 468:Greco-Roman gods 448: 439: 438: 424: 423: 414: 394: 382: 372: 359: 350: 349: 335:Eugène Delacroix 278:Western esoteric 269:and controlled. 247: 231: 224: 223: 217: 95:is a malevolent 83: 80: 45: 38: 21: 10386: 10385: 10381: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10376: 10375: 10351: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10316: 10285:Science fiction 10218: 10141: 10031: 9938:Magical weapons 9869: 9833:Fairy godmother 9789: 9733:Talking animals 9605: 9530: 9456:British Fantasy 9435: 9407: 9388:Science Fantasy 9345: 9261: 9210: 9149:Science fantasy 8994: 8966: 8964:Fantasy fiction 8961: 8931: 8926: 8894: 8863: 8805: 8776:Science fiction 8761:Fantasy fiction 8739: 8588: 8426:Monster erotica 8330: 8270: 8257: 8252: 8222: 8217: 8161: 8136: 8105: 8085: 8047: 8001:Northern Europe 7996: 7965: 7925: 7875: 7718: 7712: 7595: 7589: 7528:Magical weapons 7478:Flying ointment 7429: 7274:Magical formula 7238: 7175: 7122:Greece and Rome 7044: 7035: 6985: 6980: 6974: 6961: 6955: 6938: 6930: 6928: 6919: 6913: 6896: 6892: 6890:Further reading 6887: 6849: 6822: 6799: 6771: 6752: 6689: 6687: 6658: 6639: 6629:Jewish Theology 6620: 6582: 6580: 6551: 6532: 6509: 6490: 6471: 6438: 6419: 6400: 6381: 6353: 6334: 6315: 6272: 6261: 6255: 6252: 6245: 6229: 6225: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6206:Wayback Machine 6197: 6193: 6188:Wayback Machine 6177:Wayback Machine 6168: 6164: 6157: 6136: 6132: 6125: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6011: 6000: 5988: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5945: 5941: 5920: 5916: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5843:Islamic Studies 5835: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5785: 5776: 5771: 5762: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5729: 5725: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5631: 5627: 5614: 5610: 5593: 5589: 5581: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5559: 5545:(1963). 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The mythical 1065:child sacrifice 1001: 989:divine presence 973: 963: 809: 803: 760: 740: 731: 694: 655: 643:Main articles: 641: 610:Halls of Osiris 585: 553: 541:popular culture 478:. Far into the 323:German folklore 308: 286: 141:Paleolithic age 81: 63: 46: 39: 32: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10384: 10374: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10342: 10332: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10265:Horror fiction 10262: 10260:Gothic fiction 10257: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10230: 10228: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10211: 10209:Thieves' guild 10206: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10041: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9959: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9935: 9930: 9920: 9919: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9890: 9879: 9877: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9856: 9855: 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9157: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8960: 8959: 8952: 8945: 8937: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8912: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8840: 8839: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8813: 8811: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8745: 8744:Related genres 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8695: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8681:Therianthropes 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8598: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8537:Penny dreadful 8534: 8529: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8326: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8300: 8299: 8289: 8284: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8255:Horror fiction 8251: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8228: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8052:Western Europe 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7973: 7971: 7970:Eastern Europe 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7865: 7857: 7849: 7841: 7833: 7825: 7817: 7809: 7801: 7793: 7785: 7777: 7769: 7761: 7753: 7745: 7737: 7729: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7708:Witch of Endor 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7587: 7585:Witch's ladder 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7283: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7183: 7181: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7059: 7057: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7034: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6995: 6984: 6983:External links 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973:978-1625648259 6972: 6959: 6953: 6936: 6917: 6911: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6871: 6862: 6853: 6848:978-1946351890 6847: 6834: 6821:978-0801494291 6820: 6803: 6797: 6784: 6775: 6770:978-0544800939 6769: 6756: 6750: 6737: 6719:(4): 657–677. 6708: 6695: 6662: 6657:978-0060628529 6656: 6643: 6638:978-3752378504 6637: 6624: 6618: 6605: 6588: 6564: 6555: 6550:978-9004306219 6549: 6536: 6530: 6513: 6507: 6494: 6488: 6475: 6469: 6455:Freud, Sigmund 6451: 6442: 6437:978-1440804182 6436: 6423: 6417: 6404: 6399:978-0422732000 6398: 6385: 6380:978-0297000440 6379: 6366: 6357: 6351: 6338: 6332: 6319: 6313: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6232: 6230: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6191: 6162: 6155: 6149:. Free Press. 6130: 6123: 6098: 6087: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6030: 6024:978-3641292973 6023: 5998: 5982: 5973: 5964: 5957: 5939: 5937:, 2009, 2009-3 5914: 5904:4, 27 (2024). 5889: 5883:Travis Zadeh. 5876: 5867: 5849:(3): 275–281. 5829: 5820: 5808: 5801: 5774: 5760: 5748: 5741: 5723: 5714: 5702: 5693: 5675: 5668: 5650: 5643: 5625: 5608: 5587: 5575: 5557: 5534: 5495: 5486: 5484:, p. 162. 5482:Greenbaum 2015 5471: 5459: 5441: 5410: 5401: 5382: 5379:on 2004-04-05. 5359: 5347: 5334: 5313: 5292: 5272: 5259: 5236: 5229: 5211: 5198: 5190:Roman Catholic 5182:pseudepigrapha 5166: 5145: 5143:, p. 670. 5130: 5126:978-0521853781 5109: 5097: 5076: 5072:Greenbaum 2015 5061: 5059:, p. 666. 5049: 5047:, p. 664. 5037: 5035:, p. 129. 5033:Greenbaum 2015 5025: 5001: 4999:, p. 127. 4997:Greenbaum 2015 4989: 4980: 4971: 4962: 4953: 4944: 4930: 4921: 4912: 4874: 4865: 4852:978-1501354205 4851: 4830: 4815: 4800: 4774: 4766: 4738: 4729: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4676: 4672:978-0567085061 4646: 4633: 4589: 4568: 4542: 4529: 4508: 4501: 4481: 4465: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4418:, p. 375. 4408: 4399: 4395:VanderKam 1999 4387: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4352:, p. 184. 4342: 4340:, p. 182. 4330: 4328:, p. 185. 4318: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4267: 4265:, p. 124. 4255: 4253:, p. 123. 4243: 4234: 4222: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4155: 4143: 4118: 4116:, p. 225. 4106: 4104:, p. 173. 4089: 4077: 4075:, p. 148. 4060: 4058:, p. 147. 4041: 4029: 4027:, p. 116. 4002: 3985: 3970: 3955: 3953:, p. 180. 3938: 3923: 3920:. p. 466. 3905: 3902:. p. 814. 3890: 3887:. p. 469. 3875: 3860: 3845: 3842:. p. 544. 3830: 3815: 3800: 3785: 3767: 3764:. p. 201. 3752: 3737: 3735:, p. 120. 3733:Greenbaum 2015 3725: 3721:Lucarelli 2010 3710: 3698: 3694:Lucarelli 2010 3683: 3664: 3660:Lucarelli 2010 3647: 3637: 3628: 3602: 3587: 3585:, p. 137. 3575: 3545: 3533: 3517: 3503: 3491: 3475: 3463: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3397:citation style 3392: 3390: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3349:Unclean spirit 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3218:Roman Catholic 3214:Malachi Martin 3150: 3147: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3079:American Dream 3050: 3047: 2986: 2983: 2974: 2971: 2888:, with jinn. 2753: 2750: 2715:Judas Iscariot 2675: 2672: 2630:World of Light 2588:located below 2550:Main article: 2547: 2544: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2382:performing an 2310: 2307: 2241:Pseudepigrapha 2218: 2215: 2154: 2151: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 1998: 1995: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1904: 1898: 1821:Book of Giants 1756:, in his work 1702: 1699: 1654:Main article: 1609: 1608:Zoroastrianism 1606: 1604: 1603:Iranian demons 1601: 1578: 1575: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1343:Ethiopic Enoch 1308: 1305: 1277: 1274: 1138: 1135: 1121:, a legendary 1000: 997: 962: 959: 802: 799: 790: 789: 785: 759: 758:Disambiguation 756: 739: 736: 730: 727: 693: 690: 640: 637: 584: 581: 552: 549: 545:Late Antiquity 525:. The Western 462:were seen, by 325:) flying over 315:Mephistopheles 285: 282: 181:Zoroastrianism 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10383: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10341: 10333: 10331: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10303: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10254:Ghost stories 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10037:Fantasy races 10034: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10010:Shapeshifting 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9924: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9883:Hard and soft 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9872: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9708: 9707: 9706:Shapeshifters 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9612: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9526:World Fantasy 9524: 9522: 9521:Tähtifantasia 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9491:Japan Fantasy 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9348: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9204: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9189:Weird fiction 9187: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9172:Urban fantasy 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9069: 9066: 9063: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8965: 8958: 8953: 8951: 8946: 8944: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8913: 8911: 8910: 8901: 8900: 8897: 8891: 8890:Video nasties 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8875:Pulp magazine 8873: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8817:Grand Guignol 8815: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8563: 8562:Weird fiction 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8547:Psychological 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8242: 8237: 8235: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8208:Folk religion 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7698:Three Witches 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7658:Morgan le Fay 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7503:Kitchen witch 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7154:Latin America 7152: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7078:Witch smeller 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7027: 7025: 7020: 7018: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6950: 6945: 6944: 6937: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6895: 6894: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6868: 6863: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6790: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6744:. Routledge. 6743: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6696: 6685: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6671: 6670:Scott, Robert 6667: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6589: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6410: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6344: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6278: 6270: 6267: 6259: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6233:This article 6231: 6222: 6221: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6171: 6166: 6158: 6156:9780743254670 6152: 6147: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6126: 6124:9780671454920 6120: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6091: 6084: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6026: 6020: 6016: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5960: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5935:9789004181304 5932: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5871: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5744: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5718: 5709: 5707: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5671: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5646: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5606:. p. 249 5605: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5564: 5560: 5558:9783849687090 5554: 5550: 5549: 5548:Pistis Sophia 5544: 5538: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5417: 5415: 5405: 5397: 5393: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5310: 5309:9780801494130 5306: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5289:1-880033-24-0 5286: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5240: 5232: 5230:9781438455846 5226: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5202: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5163: 5162:9789004041738 5159: 5155: 5149: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5093:9781592445318 5090: 5086: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5058: 5053: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5029: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5006: 4998: 4993: 4984: 4975: 4966: 4957: 4948: 4940: 4934: 4925: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4869: 4863: 4862:9781501354205 4859: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4837: 4835: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4801:9780313049477 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4769: 4767:9786055618032 4763: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4742: 4733: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4556: 4552: 4551:"Manichaeism" 4546: 4539: 4533: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4485: 4478: 4472: 4470: 4460: 4451: 4449: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4382: 4375: 4370: 4363: 4358: 4351: 4346: 4339: 4334: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4086: 4081: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4000:, p. 86. 3999: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3982: 3977: 3975: 3968:, p. 85. 3967: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3934: 3927: 3919: 3912: 3910: 3901: 3894: 3886: 3879: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3834: 3826: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3781: 3774: 3772: 3763: 3756: 3749:. p. 42. 3748: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3708:, p. 55. 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3632: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3600:, p. 37. 3599: 3594: 3592: 3584: 3583:Lane Fox 1988 3579: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3543:, p. 28. 3542: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3472: 3471:Angelini 2021 3467: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3444: 3430: 3427: 3419: 3416:December 2023 3409: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3393:This article 3391: 3382: 3381: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170:M. Scott Peck 3167: 3165: 3160: 3159:Sigmund Freud 3156: 3155:Wilhelm Wundt 3153:Psychologist 3149:Western world 3146: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3094:Islamic world 3086: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3055: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3009: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2800: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2741:Pistis Sophia 2737: 2733: 2732: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:seven planets 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496:Hyraia/Enalia 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2426:fallen angels 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2345: 2344:Saint Anthony 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2255:Book of Enoch 2252: 2251:Book of Tobit 2246: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2225:A demon from 2223: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202:Justin Martyr 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2153:New Testament 2150: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2122:Old Testament 2114: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1970: 1966: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1914: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Genesis 6:1–4 1839: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678:, especially 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1657: 1649: 1644: 1636: 1629: 1625: 1618: 1614: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1475:(also called 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1352: 1351:fallen angels 1348: 1347:Book of Enoch 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151:, notions of 1150: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 996: 994: 990: 986: 985: 980: 979: 972: 968: 958: 956: 952: 948: 947: 942: 938: 937: 933:According to 931: 929: 925: 923: 918: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 882: 878: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849: 844: 840: 832: 831: 826: 822: 818: 817:cylinder seal 813: 808: 798: 795: 786: 783: 779: 775: 772: 771: 770: 767: 765: 755: 753: 749: 745: 738:In literature 735: 726: 722: 718: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 689: 686: 684: 678: 676: 667: 663: 662: 661: 654: 650: 646: 636: 634: 630: 625: 623: 619: 615: 611: 605: 602: 598: 589: 583:Ancient Egypt 580: 577: 573: 569: 565: 557: 548: 546: 542: 538: 537: 532: 528: 524: 520: 518: 512: 510: 504: 499: 497: 496:New Testament 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 447: 446: 432: 430: 429: 419: 415: 413: 407: 403: 399: 395: 393: 387: 383: 381: 380: 373: 371: 370: 364: 360: 358: 357: 344: 343:Ancient Greek 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 281: 279: 275: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 246: 240: 236: 232: 230: 218: 216: 215: 208: 207:Ancient Greek 205:The original 203: 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 153:early Judaism 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 87: 76: 72: 67: 61: 59: 54: 52: 43: 36: 30: 19: 10312:Urban legend 10214:Magic school 10187:Astral plane 10182:Hollow Earth 9875:Magic system 9828:Dragonslayer 9723:Skin-walkers 9636: 9571:The Inklings 9564:Harry Potter 9563: 9418: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9365: 9358: 9296: 9117:Magical girl 9092:High fantasy 9087:Hard fantasy 9053:Dark fantasy 9031:Contemporary 8919: 8907: 8801:Urban legend 8786:Supernatural 8751:Black comedy 8601: 8572:Weird menace 8500:Lovecraftian 8409:Splatterpunk 8389:Dark fantasy 8173:Witch (word) 8122:Witch's mark 7931:Early Modern 7867: 7859: 7851: 7843: 7835: 7829:Daemonologie 7827: 7819: 7811: 7803: 7795: 7787: 7781:Laienspiegel 7779: 7771: 7763: 7755: 7747: 7739: 7731: 7663:Muma Pădurii 7594:Folklore and 7565:Sator Square 7518:Magic circle 7513:Magic carpet 7473:Crystal ball 7410:Spiritualism 7307: 7234:Witch doctor 7117:Cunning folk 6998: 6989: 6963: 6942: 6929:. Retrieved 6925: 6900: 6881: 6877: 6866: 6857: 6838: 6809: 6788: 6779: 6760: 6741: 6716: 6712: 6703: 6688:. Retrieved 6677: 6647: 6628: 6609: 6592: 6581:. Retrieved 6572: 6569:"Demonology" 6559: 6540: 6521: 6498: 6479: 6458: 6446: 6427: 6408: 6389: 6370: 6361: 6342: 6323: 6282: 6262: 6256:January 2024 6253: 6246:Please help 6241:verification 6234: 6194: 6170:The exorcist 6165: 6144: 6133: 6112: 6101: 6095:Freud (1950) 6090: 6083:Freud (1950) 6078: 6069: 6060: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6014: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5948: 5942: 5922: 5917: 5901: 5892: 5884: 5879: 5870: 5858:. Retrieved 5846: 5842: 5832: 5823: 5811: 5792: 5788: 5732: 5726: 5717: 5696: 5687: 5678: 5659: 5653: 5634: 5628: 5611: 5595: 5590: 5578: 5567:. Retrieved 5547: 5537: 5526:. Retrieved 5512: 5504:Marvin Meyer 5498: 5489: 5453: 5433:. Retrieved 5423: 5404: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5377:the original 5372: 5362: 5355:Russell 1986 5350: 5342: 5337: 5321: 5316: 5300: 5295: 5280: 5275: 5267: 5262: 5254: 5239: 5220: 5214: 5206: 5201: 5177: 5169: 5153: 5148: 5117: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5084: 5079: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5012: 4992: 4983: 4974: 4965: 4956: 4947: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4890: 4886: 4868: 4842: 4824: 4818: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4753: 4748: 4741: 4732: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4654: 4649: 4641: 4636: 4625:. Retrieved 4587:page 575-577 4576: 4571: 4559:. Retrieved 4545: 4537: 4532: 4516: 4511: 4491: 4484: 4459: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4402: 4390: 4381: 4369: 4357: 4345: 4333: 4321: 4309: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4209: 4197: 4185: 4180:, p. 9. 4173: 4163:Psalm 106:37 4158: 4146: 4109: 4080: 4032: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3899: 3893: 3884: 3878: 3869: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3839: 3833: 3824: 3818: 3809: 3803: 3794: 3788: 3779: 3761: 3755: 3746: 3740: 3728: 3723:, p. 4. 3701: 3696:, p. 3. 3662:, p. 2. 3640: 3631: 3614: 3605: 3598:Russell 1986 3578: 3566:. Retrieved 3557: 3548: 3536: 3520: 3494: 3478: 3466: 3459:Brandon 1970 3422: 3413: 3394: 3269:Fallen angel 3210: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3152: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3107: 3097: 3064: 3057:The classic 3049:In modernity 3030: 3016: 3011: 2988: 2979:Bahá'í Faith 2976: 2973:Bahá'í Faith 2950: 2948: 2943: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2861: 2857: 2856:, the terms 2838: 2827: 2805: 2775: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2722: 2710: 2708: 2686: 2677: 2663: 2655: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2614:Ocean of Sup 2577:alma d-hšuka 2565: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2526: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2502:Bypochtbonia 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2468: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2440: 2430: 2414: 2405: 2403: 2392: 2378:Painting of 2359:(detail), a 2354: 2342:, depicting 2340:Michelangelo 2335: 2302: 2292: 2284:Genesis 6:12 2277: 2262: 2226: 2171: 2140: 2131: 2125: 2117:Christianity 2110: 2101: 2094:Süleymanname 2081: 2077: 2059: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2036:derive from 2017: 2015: 1972: 1948: 1945: 1941:seven trials 1928: 1918: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1837: 1831: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1758:Talbīs Iblīs 1757: 1754:Ibn al-Jawzi 1752: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1728: 1704: 1692: 1680:Christianity 1671: 1665: 1659: 1594: 1588: 1586: 1583:Mara (demon) 1568: 1545: 1529: 1476: 1468: 1464: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1387: 1377: 1361: 1316: 1296: 1294: 1279: 1267: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1185: 1172: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1146: 1128: 1122: 1104:King Solomon 1084: 1078:, headache, 1073: 1056: 1037:Leviticus 17 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1005:Hebrew Bible 1002: 999:Hebrew Bible 982: 976: 974: 951:winged bulls 944: 934: 932: 926: 915: 895:miscarriages 885: 876: 860: 852: 846: 842: 836: 828: 791: 782:unseelie fae 781: 777: 768: 761: 741: 732: 723: 719: 715: 707:Wangxiang 罔象 695: 687: 679: 672: 657: 656: 645:Mara (demon) 626: 618:Roman period 609: 606: 594: 576:Rageowrapper 575: 562: 534: 533:, as in the 530: 522: 514: 506: 502: 500: 488:Hebrew Bible 471: 460:cult statues 456:Roman Empire 441: 433: 426: 409: 397: 389: 385: 375: 365: 352: 340: 294:Agathodaemon 271: 242: 226: 210: 204: 189: 173:Christianity 151:, including 97:supernatural 92: 90: 58:Evil Spirits 57: 50: 29: 10239:Epic poetry 10100:Leprechauns 10015:Thaumaturgy 9990:Incantation 9943:Magic sword 9501:Méliès d'Or 9402:Weird Tales 9155:Dying Earth 9134:Mythopoeia‎ 9112:Low fantasy 9077:Fantastique 8849:Horror host 8832:LGBT themes 8827:Conventions 8756:Fantastique 8671:Sea monster 8619:Evil clowns 8379:Creepypasta 8319:Video games 7880:Persecution 7749:Formicarius 7693:Spearfinger 7633:Elbow witch 7533:Magic sword 7498:Julleuchter 7483:Goofer dust 7425:White magic 7338:Incantation 7264:Black magic 7219:Renaissance 7187:Chaos magic 7159:Middle East 7090:Philippines 6880:, Teil II ( 6682:. Perseus. 6674:"δαιμόνιον" 6216:Works cited 6139:Peck, M. S. 6107:Peck, M. S. 6046:(1): 1–20. 5860:November 7, 5357:, p. . 5141:Martin 2010 5057:Martin 2010 5045:Martin 2010 4416:Vermes 2011 4385:Enoch 15:11 4374:Martin 2010 4350:Taylor 2020 4338:Taylor 2020 4326:Taylor 2020 4316:, p. . 4314:Dennis 2016 4275:Taylor 2020 4263:Kohler 2020 4251:Kohler 2020 4214:Isaacs 1998 4190:Hutter 2011 4151:Taylor 2020 4114:George 1999 2717:is, in the 1886:āsarēštārān 1706:Manichaeism 1701:Manichaeism 1664:in demons ( 1628:Arzhang Div 1617:Div-e Sepid 1521:Maya Danava 1356:Dale Martin 1181:Saadia Gaon 1015:. 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Brill. 6326:. Brill. 6237:citations 5518:Shambhala 5324:. Brill. 5311:. p. 132. 4907:1573-384X 4674:), p. 101 4561:4 October 3525:Rees 2012 3439:Citations 3339:Trickster 3100:Muʿtazila 3039:magicians 2991:occultism 2985:Occultism 2955:ibn Abbas 2940:forbidden 2821:romanized 2799:romanized 2794:شَيَاطِين 2704:Leviathan 2683:Platonism 2652:hobgoblin 2598:Leviathan 2584:, is the 2568:Mandaeism 2558:Mandaeism 2546:Mandaeism 2521:exorcisms 2508:Misophaes 2478:Leliouria 2410:apocrypha 2194:Beelzebub 2178:exorcisms 1983:cannibals 1937:Kay Kāvus 1902:Shahnameh 1862:abāxtarān 1850:microcosm 1833:Kephalaia 1817:egrēgoroi 1803:, one of 1650:(cropped) 1648:Akvan Div 1565:Pishachas 1550:. Souls ( 1451:pūrvadeva 1439:Brahmanas 1327:Genesis 6 1100:Vespasian 1076:catalepsy 907:talismans 703:Wangliang 614:Ptolemaic 572:Tasmanian 452:happiness 428:daimonion 422:δαιμόνιον 392:daiesthai 298:Cacodemon 284:Etymology 261:, Jewish 192:the Devil 105:mythology 10340:Category 10234:Allegory 10110:Mermaids 10080:Gremlins 10045:Centaurs 9980:Egregore 9961:Schools 9928:Grimoire 9888:Elements 9860:Wild man 9780:Unicorns 9768:Vampires 9711:Werecats 9553:Fanspeak 9461:Crawford 9431:Podcasts 9144:Romantic 9127:Mythpunk 9058:Grimdark 9046:Bangsian 8909:Category 8791:Thriller 8723:Vampires 8686:Werecats 8594:Monsters 8552:Survival 8520:Werewolf 8510:Jiangshi 8505:Monsters 8490:Japanese 8473:Suburban 8463:Southern 8458:American 8404:Grimdark 8399:Faustian 8357:Cannibal 8309:Podcasts 8127:Pricking 8038:Scotland 7961:Virginia 7951:New York 7946:Maryland 7939:Americas 7688:Sorginak 7678:Pasiphaë 7570:Talisman 7540:Mojo bag 7488:Grimoire 7383:Regional 7328:Familiar 7291:Anathema 7207:Neopagan 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5164:. p. 47 4479:(2014). 3554:"Demon" 3354:Yaoguai 3250:Erinyes 3135:In his 3023:theurgy 2977:In the 2893:Ash'ari 2886:al-Uzza 2854:Baalbek 2850:Palmyra 2823:: 2812:Persian 2806:šayāṭīn 2801:: 2778:Islamic 2738:and in 2711:daimons 2700:Ophites 2656:gadalta 2644:vampire 2293:In the 2288:Mastema 2278:In the 2106:Islamic 2034:Albania 2026:Armenia 2020:Dīv/Dēw 1991:wechuge 1979:wendigo 1969:Wechuge 1965:Wendigo 1959:Wendigo 1933:Jamshid 1929:dīvband 1900:In the 1890:Ašqalūn 1858:Āwarzōg 1813:Grigori 1561:Vetalas 1493:Puranic 1461:Rigveda 1421:In the 1378:To the 1369:Mastema 1331:1 Enoch 1269:Asmodai 1264:aggadic 1260:ẓafrire 1228:Aggadic 1201:se'irim 1197:se'irim 1147:In the 1143:Midrash 1088:Essenes 1053:jackals 1031:(sing. 1029:se'irim 1009:se'irim 984:se'irim 961:Judaism 903:amulets 857:Dumuzid 821:Dumuzid 794:Yao (妖) 774:Yao (妖) 764:Yao (妖) 711:penghou 683:fangshi 649:Yaoguai 329:, in a 263:Aggadah 196:spirits 125:fiction 60:(album) 10361:Demons 10199:Castle 10160:Worlds 10155:Quests 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