Video game - Knowledge

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these games had been destroyed and feared the loss of their historical significance. Video games have significantly begun to be seen in the real-world as a purpose to present history in a way of understanding the methodology and terms that are being compared. Researchers have looked at how historical representations affect how the public perceives the past, and digital humanists encourage historians to use video games as primary materials. Video games, considering their past and age, have over time progressed as what a video game really means. Whether played through a monitor, TV, or a hand-held device, there are many ways that video games are being displayed for users to enjoy. People have drawn comparisons between flow-state-engaged video gamers and pupils in conventional school settings. In traditional, teacher-led classrooms, students have little say in what they learn, are passive consumers of the information selected by teachers, are required to follow the pace and skill level of the group (group teaching), and receive brief, imprecise, normative feedback on their work. Video games, as they continue to develop into better graphic definitions and genres, create new terminology when something unknown tends to become known. Yearly, consoles are being created to compete against other brands with similar functioning features that tend to lead the consumer into which they'd like to purchase. Now, companies have moved towards games only the specific console can play to grasp the consumer into purchasing their product compared to when video games first began, there was little to no variety. In 1989, a console war began with Nintendo, one of the biggest in gaming, up against target, Sega with their brand new Master System which, failed to compete, allowing the Nintendo Emulator System to be one of the most consumed products in the world. More technology continued to be created, as the computer began to be used in people's houses for more than just office and daily use. Games began being implemented into computers and have progressively grown since then with coded robots to play against you. Early games like tic-tac-toe, solitaire, and Tennis for Two were great ways to bring new gaming to another system rather than one specifically meant for gaming.

836: 1903: 3338:: Proactive hobbyists who are players and consumers of video games. While their representation in the industry is primarily seen through game sales, many companies follow gamers' comments on social media or on user reviews and engage with them to work to improve their products in addition to other feedback from other parts of the industry. Demographics of the larger player community also impact parts of the market; while once dominated by younger men, the market shifted in the mid-2010s towards women and older players who generally preferred mobile and causal games, leading to further growth in those sectors. 11598: 9894: 3447: 3253:, public relations, and advertising of the game. Publishers frequently pay the developers ahead of time to make their games and will be involved in critical decisions about the direction of the game's progress, and then pay the developers additional royalties or bonuses based on sales performances. Other smaller, boutique publishers may simply offer to perform the publishing of a game for a small fee and a portion of the sales, and otherwise leave the developer with the creative freedom to proceed. A range of other publisher-developer relationships exist between these points. 1772: 62: 1339:, recognizing that there was yet an industry standard definition for a video game, established for her ruling that "At a bare minimum, video games appear to require some level of interactivity or involvement between the player and the medium" compared to passive entertainment like film, music, and television, and "videogames are also generally graphically rendered or animated, as opposed to being recorded live or via motion capture as in films or television". Rogers still concluded that what is a video game "appears highly eclectic and diverse". 3972: 975: 1793:, and audio amplifier and speakers. Arcade games often have brightly painted logos and images relating to the theme of the game. While most arcade games are housed in a vertical cabinet, which the user typically stands in front of to play, some arcade games use a tabletop approach, in which the display screen is housed in a table-style cabinet with a see-through table top. With table-top games, the users typically sit to play. In the 1990s and 2000s, some arcade games offered players a choice of multiple games. In the 1980s, 3170: 2370: 2085: 1614: 1729:. Home consoles are specifically designed to play games using a dedicated hardware environment, giving developers a concrete hardware target for development and assurances of what features will be available, simplifying development compared to PC game development. Usually consoles only run games developed for it, or games from other platform made by the same company, but never games developed by its direct competitor, even if the same game is available on different platforms. It often comes with a specific 2565: 12948: 1484: 2729:(ACB) oversees the ratings of games and other works in Australia, using ratings of G (General), PG (Parental Guidance), M (Mature), MA15+ (Mature Accompanied), R18+ (Restricted), and X (Restricted for pornographic material). ACB can also deny to give a rating to game (RC – Refused Classification). The ACB's ratings are enforceable by law, and importantly, games cannot be imported or purchased digitally in Australia if they have failed to gain a rating or were given the RC rating, leading to a 12936: 3778: 3373: 1699: 12988: 12924: 3863: 2940: 1517: 12882: 13039: 13022: 13056: 3066:, are irrelevant to me as a player, because a different-looking body would not make me play differently... When I play, I don't even see her body, but see through it and past it." Simply put, ludologists reject traditional theories of art because they claim that the artistic and socially relevant qualities of a video game are primarily determined by the underlying set of rules, demands, and expectations imposed on the player. 3146:, respectively, in the few years after their release. However, at times and more frequently at the onset of the industry, developers would intentionally create video game clones of successful games and game hardware with few changes, which led to the flooded arcade and dedicated home console market around 1978. Cloning is also a major issue with countries that do not have strong intellectual property protection laws, such as 12960: 2112:. Consoles typically include standard controllers which are shipped or bundled with the console itself, while peripheral controllers are available as a separate purchase from the console manufacturer or third-party vendors. Similar control sets are built into handheld consoles and onto arcade cabinets. Newer technology improvements have incorporated additional technology into the controller or the game platform, such as 1354: 12912: 4208: 1987: 83: 13005: 2152: 960: 3073:, video games commonly present simulated story worlds where emergent behavior occurs within the context of the game. The term "emergent narrative" has been used to describe how, in a simulated environment, storyline can be created simply by "what happens to the player." However, emergent behavior is not limited to sophisticated games. In general, any place where event-driven instructions occur for 1122:"Computer game" may also be used as a descriptor, as all these types of games essentially require the use of a computer processor, and in some cases, it is used interchangeably with "video game". Particularly in the United Kingdom and Western Europe, this is common due to the historic relevance of domestically produced microcomputers. Other terms used include digital game, for example, by the 3694: 1215:, Adlum is credited with first naming these games as "video games": "RePlay's Eddie Adlum worked at 'Cash Box' when 'TV games' first came out. The personalities in those days were Bushnell, his sales manager Pat Karns, and a handful of other 'TV game' manufacturers like Henry Leyser and the McEwan brothers. It seemed awkward to call their products 'TV games', so borrowing a word from 3774:

A 2018 systematic review found evidence that video gaming training had positive effects on cognitive and emotional skills in the adult population, especially with young adults. A 2019 systematic review also added support for the claim that video games are beneficial to the brain, although the beneficial effects of video gaming on the brain differed by video games types.

2247: 1240:. With the arrival of video games in arcades during the early 1970s, there was initially some confusion in the arcade industry over what term should be used to describe the new games. He "wrestled with descriptions of this type of game," alternating between "TV game" and "television game" but "finally woke up one day" and said, "What the hell... video game!" 1641:, such as Nintendo or Sony, seeking to gain larger market shares. Games are typically designed to be played on one or a limited number of platforms, and exclusivity to a platform or brand is used by platform holders as a competitive edge in the video game market. However, games may be developed for alternative platforms than intended, which are described as 3754:

been noticed that gamers adopt an attitude while playing that is of such high concentration, they do not realize they are learning, and that if the same attitude could be adopted at school, education would enjoy significant benefits. Students are found to be "learning by doing" while playing video games while fostering creative thinking.

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including Japan, South Korea, and China. Hardware production remains an area dominated by Asian companies either directly involved in hardware design or part of the production process, but digital distribution and indie game development of the late 2000s has allowed game developers to flourish nearly anywhere and diversify the field.

3782: 3780: 3297:: While journalism around video games used to be primarily print-based, and focused more on post-release reviews and gameplay strategy, the Internet has brought a more proactive press that use web journalism, covering games in the months prior to release as well as beyond, helping to build excitement for games ahead of release. 3785: 3784: 3779: 3786: 3291:" hardware, particularly in the graphics card area; several of the same companies overlap with component supplies for consoles. A range of third-party manufacturers also exist to provide equipment and gear for consoles post-sale, such as additional controllers for console or carrying cases and gear for handheld devices. 2799: 3773:

and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than nonplayers. Researchers found that such enhanced abilities could be acquired by training with action games, involving challenges that switch attention between different locations, but not with games requiring concentration on single objects.

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Besides their entertainment value, appropriately-designed video games have been seen to provide value in education across several ages and comprehension levels. Learning principles found in video games have been identified as possible techniques with which to reform the U.S. education system. It has

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Retailers: Physical storefronts, which include large online retailers, department and electronic stores, and specialty video game stores, sell games, consoles, and other accessories to consumers. This has also including a trade-in market in certain regions, allowing players to turn in used games for

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With the growth of the size of development teams in the industry, the problem of cost has increased. Development studios need the best talent, while publishers reduce costs to maintain profitability on their investment. Typically, a video game console development team ranges from 5 to 50 people, and

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to immerse a player within virtual environment that responds to their head movements. Some VR systems include control units for the player's hands as to provide a direct way to interact with the virtual world. VR systems generally require a separate computer, console, or other processing device that

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in a single unit. Like consoles, handhelds are dedicated platforms, and share almost the same characteristics. Handheld hardware usually is less powerful than PC or console hardware. Some handheld games from the late 1970s and early 1980s could only play one game. In the 1990s and 2000s, a number of

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or conversions. These also may be remasters - where most of the original game's source code is reused and art assets, models, and game levels are updated for modern systems – and remakes, where in addition to asset improvements, significant reworking of the original game and possibly from scratch is

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showed that the term may have come even earlier, appearing first in a letter dated July 10, 1972. In the letter, Bushnell uses the term “video game” twice. Per video game historian Keith Smith, the sudden appearance suggested that the term had been proposed and readily adopted by those in the field.

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as of 2020. Separately, there is also concern about the preservation of video games, as both game media and the hardware to play them degrade over time. Further, many of the game developers and publishers from the first decades no longer exist, so records of their games have disappeared. Archivists

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that can help reinforce the desire to continue to play through that compulsion loop and potentially lead into violent or addictive behavior. Even with case law establishing that video games qualify as a protected art form, there has been pressure on the video game industry to keep their products in

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in a game, emergent behavior will exist. For instance, take a racing game in which cars are programmed to avoid crashing, and they encounter an obstacle in the track: the cars might then maneuver to avoid the obstacle causing the cars behind them to slow or maneuver to accommodate the cars in front

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requirements. Like with film content ratings, video game ratings typing identify the target age group that the national or regional ratings board believes is appropriate for the player, ranging from all-ages, to a teenager-or-older, to mature, to the infrequent adult-only games. Most content review

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For many years, the traveling Videotopia exhibit served as the closest representation of such a vital resource. In addition to collecting home video game consoles, the Electronics Conservancy organization set out to locate and restore 400 antique arcade cabinets after realizing that the majority of

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have been created based on existing video game franchises. Because video games are an interactive medium there has been trouble in converting them to these passive forms of media, and typically such works have been critically panned or treated as children's media. For example, until 2019, no video

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are designed to generate emotion and empathy from the player by challenging societal norms and offering critique through the interactivity of the video game medium. They may not have any type of win condition and are designed to let the player explore through the game world and scenarios. Most art

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has been used in homes and classrooms to help teach children and students, and video games have been similarly adapted for these reasons, all designed to provide a form of interactivity and entertainment tied to game design elements. There are a variety of differences in their designs and how they

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that assemble the consoles. Further, these console manufacturers typically require a license to develop for their platform and may control the production of some games, such as Nintendo does with the use of game cartridges for its systems. In exchange, the manufacturers may help promote games for

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Core or hard-core games refer to the typical perception of video games, developed for entertainment purposes. These games typically require a fair amount of time to learn and master, in contrast to casual games, and thus are most appealing to gamers rather than a broader audience. Most of the AAA

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Early arcade games, home consoles, and handheld games were dedicated hardware units with the game's logic built into the electronic componentry of the hardware. Since then, most video game platforms are considered programmable, having means to read and play multiple games distributed on different

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Because gameplay is normally ineligible for copyright, gameplay ideas in popular games are often replicated and built upon in other games. At times, this repurposing of gameplay can be seen as beneficial and a fundamental part of how the industry has grown by building on the ideas of others. For

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it may be represented, and sexual content, but other themes such as drug and alcohol use and gambling that can influence children may also be identified. A primary identifier based on a minimum age is used by nearly all systems, along with additional descriptors to identify specific content that

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In the early days of the industry, it was more common for a single person to manage all of the roles needed to create a video game. As platforms have become more complex and powerful in the type of material they can present, larger teams have been needed to generate all of the art, programming,

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were available at volume to be used for video game hardware, which allowed game developers to program more detailed games, widening the scope of what was possible. Ongoing improvements in computer hardware technology have expanded what has become possible to create in video games, coupled with

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requires a minimal hardware device, such as a basic computer, console, laptop, mobile phone or even a dedicated hardware device connected to a display with good Internet connectivity that connects to hardware systems by the cloud gaming provider. The game is computed and rendered on the remote

1675:. Personal computers are not dedicated game platforms, so there may be differences running the same game on different hardware. Also, the openness allows some features to developers like reduced software cost, increased flexibility, increased innovation, emulation, creation of modifications or 3353:

The industry itself grew out from both the United States and Japan in the 1970s and 1980s before having a larger worldwide contribution. Today, the video game industry is predominantly led by major companies in North America (primarily the United States and Canada), Europe, and southeast Asia

2420:, in which the player has very limited interaction with the game itself. These are most commonly simulation games where the player may establish a starting state and then let the game proceed on its own, watching the results as a passive observer, such as with many computerized simulations of 1943:

on a modern system, simulating the hardware of the original and allows old games to be played. While emulators themselves have been found to be legal in United States case law, the act of obtaining the game software that one does not already own may violate copyrights. However, there are some

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The game's graphics are often accompanied by sound produced by internal speakers on the game platform or external speakers attached to the platform, as directed by the game's programming. This often will include sound effects tied to the player's actions to provide audio feedback, as well as

991: 3115:. This typically only applies to the underlying code, as well as to the artistic aspects of the game such as its writing, art assets, and music. Gameplay itself is generally not considered copyrightable; in the United States among other countries, video games are considered to fall into the 3812:. Organisers, mental health workers and mental health nurses at the event emphasised the relationships and friendships that can be built around video games and how playing games can help people learn about others as a precursor to discussing the person's mental health. A study in 2020 from 2914:

was reported to have a development staff of 450. The growth of team size combined with greater pressure to get completed projects into the market to begin recouping production costs has led to a greater occurrence of missed deadlines, rushed games, and the release of unfinished products.

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check to avoid over-excessive violence particularly for games aimed at younger children. The potential addictive behavior around games, coupled with increased used of post-sale monetization of video games, has also raised concern among parents, advocates, and government officials about

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composed for limited sound-output devices on early computers and consoles, to fully-scored compositions for most modern games. Such music has frequently served as a platform for covers and remixes, and concerts featuring video game soundtracks performed by bands or orchestras, such as

2276:. However, unlike film or television which use visual or narrative elements, video games are generally categorized into genres based on their gameplay interaction, since this is the primary means which one interacts with a video game. The narrative setting does not impact gameplay; a 3788: 3787: 3154:

of cloned hardware and software systems. The industry remains challenged to distinguish between creating new games based on refinements of past successful games to create a new type of gameplay, and intentionally creating a clone of a game that may simply swap out art assets.

2707:(ESRB) that oversees games released in the United States. ESRB ratings are voluntary and rated along a E (Everyone), E10+ (Everyone 10 and older), T (Teen), M (Mature), and AO (Adults Only). Attempts to mandate video games ratings in the U.S. subsequently led to the landmark 2580:

are those where the entertainment factor may be augmented, overshadowed, or even eliminated by other purposes for the game. Game design is used to reinforce the non-entertainment purpose of the game, such as using video game technology for the game's interactive world, or

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Since the mid-2000s there has been debate whether video games qualify as art, primarily as the form's interactivity interfered with the artistic intent of the work and that they are designed for commercial appeal. A significant debate on the matter came after film critic

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audience. They frequently support the ability to jump in and out of play on demand, such as during commuting or lunch breaks. Numerous browser and mobile games fall into the casual game area, and casual games often are from genres with low intensity game elements such as

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brought the idea of games that did not have any such type of winning condition and raising the question of whether these were actually games. These are still commonly justified as video games as they provide a game world that the player can interact with by some means.

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Although departments of computer science have been studying the technical aspects of video games for years, theories that examine games as an artistic medium are a relatively recent development in the humanities. The two most visible schools in this emerging field are

2926:" game studios, and are often experiments in gameplay and art style. Indie game development is aided by the larger availability of digital distribution, including the newer mobile gaming market, and readily-available and low-cost development tools for these platforms. 1252:

While many games readily fall into a clear, well-understood definition of video games, new genres and innovations in game development have raised the question of what are the essential factors of a video game that separate the medium from other forms of entertainment.

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use video games as a key strategy for coping with stress. In the study of 1,000 gamers, 55% said that it "helps them to unwind and relieve stress ... and half said they see the value in gaming as a method of escapism to help them deal with daily work pressures".

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The regulations vary from country to country but generally are voluntary systems upheld by vendor practices, with penalty and fines issued by the ratings body on the video game publisher for misuse of the ratings. Among the major content rating systems include:

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argues that, although games certainly have plots, characters, and aspects of traditional narratives, these aspects are incidental to gameplay. For example, Aarseth is critical of the widespread attention that narrativists have given to the heroine of the game

2249: 3674:. More recently, with these licensed games being developed by triple-A studios or through studios directly connected to the licensed property owner, there has been a significant improvement in the quality of these games, with an early trendsetting example of 2254: 2253: 2248: 1502:

To distinguish from electronic games, a video game is generally considered to require a platform, the hardware which contains computing elements, to process player interaction from some type of input device and displays the results to a video output display.

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in North America in 1985. Along with it, Nintendo established a number of core industrial practices to prevent unlicensed game development and control game distribution on their platform, methods that continue to be used by console manufacturers today.

2255: 3590:(2020), both receiving "Fresh" ratings, shows signs of the film industry having found an approach to adapt video games for the large screen. That said, some early video game-based films have been highly successful at the box office, such as 1995's 2853:

like any other piece of computer software. Prior to the mid-1970s, arcade and home consoles were programmed by assembling discrete electro-mechanical components on circuit boards, which limited games to relatively simple logic. By 1975, low-cost

2723:(PEGI) covering the United Kingdom, most of the European Union and other European countries, replacing previous national-based systems. The PEGI system uses content rated based on minimum recommended ages, which include 3+, 8+, 12+, 16+, and 18+. 3467:

subculture formed around video games and game playing. As computer and video games have increased in popularity over time, they have had a significant influence on popular culture. Video game culture has also evolved over time hand in hand with

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cinematography, and more. This is not to say that the age of the "one-man shop" is gone, as this is still sometimes found in the casual gaming and handheld markets, where smaller games are prevalent due to technical limitations such as limited

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contains one of the largest collections of electronic games and game-related historical materials in the world, including a 5,000-square-foot (460 m) exhibit which allows guests to play their way through the history of video games. The

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tools available for use to make games, often which are across multiple platforms to support portability, or may still opt to create their own for more specialized features and direct control of the game. Today, many games are built around a

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display technology, it consists of an analog device allowing a user to control the parabolic arc of a dot on the screen to simulate a missile being fired at targets, which are paper drawings fixed to the screen. Other early examples include

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as well as the increasing popularity of mobile games. Many people who play video games identify as gamers, which can mean anything from someone who enjoys games to someone who is passionate about it. As video games become more social with

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and motion detection can capture movements of the player as input into the game, which can, in some cases, effectively eliminate the control, and on other systems such as virtual reality, are used to enhance immersion into the game.

2349:. A hierarchy of game genres exist, with top-level genres like "shooter game" and "action game" that broadly capture the game's main gameplay style, and several subgenres of specific implementation, such as within the shooter game 1170:. "Electronic game" may also be used to refer to video games, but this also incorporates devices like early handheld electronic games that lack any video output. and the term "TV game" is still commonly used into the 21st century. 1439:

on storage media to restart the game should they lose all their lives or need to stop the game and restart at a later time. These also may be in the form of a passage that can be written down and reentered at the title screen.

2252: 3259:: Publishers often are able to produce their own game media and take the role of distributor, but there are also third-party distributors that can mass-produce game media and distribute to retailers. Digital storefronts like 1012:

in 1966, devised a control system to play a rudimentary game of table tennis on a television screen. With the company's approval, Baer built the prototype "Brown Box". Sanders patented Baer's inventions and licensed them to

3781: 708:, and established practices and methods around the development and distribution of video games to prevent a similar crash in the future, many of which continue to be followed. In the 2000s, the core industry centered on " 3205:

by 1985. Many of the North American companies created in the prior years closed down. Japan's growing game industry was briefly shocked by this crash but had sufficient longevity to withstand the short-term effects, and

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in 1999 in which some claimed the perpetrators specifically alluded to using video games to plot out their attack, raised further fears. Medical experts and mental health professionals have also raised concerned that

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Ludologists break sharply and radically from this idea. They argue that a video game is first and foremost a game, which must be understood in terms of its rules, interface, and the concept of play that it deploys.

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imagery, and thus often requiring developers to replace such imagery with fictional ones. This ruling was relaxed in 2018 to allow for such imagery for "social adequacy" purposes that applied to other works of art.

3664:. However, these licensed games in the 1990s and 2000s often had a reputation for poor quality, developed without any input from the intellectual property rights owners, and several of them are considered among 3631:(short for "machine cinema") grew out from using video game engines to craft narratives. As video game engines gain higher fidelity, they have also become part of the tools used in more traditional filmmaking. 3840:

and improving mental health. The university's research studied all age groups – "from pre-literate children through to older adults living in long term care homes" – with a main focus on 18 to 55-year-olds.

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is mostly isolated from the rest of the world due to the government's censorship, and all games published there must adhere to strict government review, disallowing content such as smearing the image of the

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Keogh, Brendan. "Between Triple-A, indie, casual, and DIY: Sites of tension in the videogames cultural industries." In The Routledge companion to the cultural industries, pp. 152-162. Routledge, 2015.

3317:: Esports is a major function of several multiplayer games with numerous professional leagues established since the 2000s, with large viewership numbers, particularly out of southeast Asia since the 2010s. 7034: 8319: 5517: 3311:

to play through their games has had a significant impact on game sales, and have turned to use influencers alongside traditional journalism as a means to build up attention to their game before release.

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were businesses in which game players could use a number of arcade video games. In the 2010s, there are far fewer video arcades, but some movie theaters and family entertainment centers still have them.

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The industry remained more conservative following the 1983 crash, forming around the concept of publisher-developer dichotomies, and by the 2000s, leading to the industry centralizing around low-risk,

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played off a form of media but only limited user interaction. This had required a means to distinguish these games from more traditional board games that happen to also use external media, such as the

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discrimination and mischaracterization of these minority groups in video games. A further issue in the industry is related to working conditions, as development studios and publishers frequently use "

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Ernkvist, Mirko (2008). "Down many times, but still playing the game: Creative destruction and industry crashes in the early video game industry 1971–1986". In Gratzer, Karl; Stiefel, Dieter (eds.).

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that draw on many different sectors that tie into the larger video game industry. While video game developers are a significant portion of the industry, other key participants in the market include:

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are a combination of the limitations of the game platform and display device and the program efficiency of the game itself. The game's output can range from fixed displays using LED or LCD elements,

8717: 4112:, focusing on games from the first decades. Games in retail packaging in good shape have become collectors items for the early days of the industry, with some rare publications having gone for over 3627:

Further, video games can serve as a virtual environment under full control of a producer to create new works. With the capability to render 3D actors and settings in real-time, a new type of work

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handheld games used cartridges, which enabled them to be used to play many different games. The handheld console has waned in the 2010s as mobile device gaming has become a more dominant factor.

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published an essay "Video Games can never be art", which challenged the industry to prove him and other critics wrong. The view that video games were an art form was cemented in 2011 when the

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to boost the avatar's innate attributes, all while either using special attacks to defeat enemies or moves to avoid them. This information is relayed to the player through a type of on-screen

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for most consoles, and as accessories for personal computer systems along keyboard and mouse controls. Common controls on the most recent controllers include face buttons, shoulder triggers,

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from the late 1970s to early 1980s, but the newfound industry was mainly composed of game developers with little business experience. This led to numerous companies forming simply to create

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that video games were a protected form of speech with artistic merit. Since then, video game developers have come to use the form more for artistic expression, including the development of

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s description of movie jukeboxes, Adlum started to refer to this new breed of amusement machine as 'video games.' The phrase stuck." Adlum explained in 1985 that up until the early 1970s,

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generally refers to a game played on an even more specialized type of electronic device that is typically designed to play only one game and is encased in a special, large coin-operated

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is a PC or laptop intended specifically for gaming, typically using high-performance, high-cost components. In addition to personal computer gaming, there also exist games that work on

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Although video games have been considered an art form on their own, games may be developed to try to purposely communicate a story or message, using the medium as a work of art. These

2393:. Within the latter category, multiplayer games can be played in a variety of ways, including locally at the same device, on separate devices connected through a local network such as 7330: 2888:

that minimize the amount of direct programming they have to do but can also limit the amount of customization they can add into a game. Like all software, video games usually undergo

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which required players to watch VCR clips between turns. To distinguish between these two, video games are considered to require some interactivity that affects the visual display.

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of interactive experiences, and whether the larger game and the individual experiences themselves were games or not in relation to fees that Apple charged for the App Store. Judge

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Gamble, John (2007). "Competition in Video Game Consoles: Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo Battle for Supremacy". In Thompson, Arthur; Strickland III, A. J.; Gamble, John (eds.).

8796: 5455: 4128:, which serves as the largest museum wholly dedicated to the display and preservation of the industry's most important artifacts. Europe hosts video game museums such as the 4016:, have stated that there is insufficient evidence that video games can create violent tendencies or lead to addictive behavior, though agree that video games typically use a 1961:

is similar in nature to emulation in that older games can be played on newer platforms, but typically directly though hardware and build-in software within the platform. The

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convergence of common hardware between console, computer, and arcade platforms to simplify the development process. Today, game developers have a number of commercial and

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allow similar bypassing for computer software games. Both of which might make the game easier, give the player additional power-ups, or change the appearance of the game.

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component, console, and peripheral sales, as well as consumer demands for better game performance, have been powerful driving factors for hardware design and innovation.

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The early history of the video game industry, following the first game hardware releases and through 1983, had little structure. Video games quickly took off during the

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Though local copyright regulations vary to the degree of protection, video games qualify as copyrighted visual-audio works, and enjoy cross-country protection under the

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Marchand, André; Hennig-Thurau, Thorsten (August 2013). "Value Creation in the Video Game Industry: Industry Economics, Consumer Benefits, and Research Opportunities".

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that are geared towards problem solving through motivation and positive reinforcement while downplaying the entertainment value. Examples of educational games include

8631: 5683: 1085:, both as an arcade game and home machine, launched the video game industry. Both Baer and Bushnell have been titled "Father of Video Games" for their contributions. 5583: 2822:. Over the years, this has expanded to include almost every type of skill that one might see prevalent in the creation of any movie or television program, including 7599: 6250: 3226:

or more. The advent of the Internet brought digital distribution as a viable means to distribute games, and contributed to the growth of more riskier, experimental

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of popular games to try to capitalize on the market. Due to loss of publishing control and oversaturation of the market, the North American home video game market

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is a small, self-contained electronic device that is portable and can be held in a user's hands. It features the console, a small screen, speakers and buttons,

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also suggested that playing video games can be a benefit to a person's mental health. The report of 3,274 gamers, all over the age of 18, focused on the games

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in 2014 that highlighted misogyny from a portion of the player demographic. The industry as a whole has also dealt with issues related to gender, racial, and

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their system and may seek console exclusivity for certain games. For games on personal computers, a number of manufacturers are devoted to high-performance "

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that handles the bulk of the game's logic, gameplay, and rendering. These engines can be augmented with specialized engines for specific features, such as a

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manufacturers, and other marketers, to successfully bring a game to its consumers. As of 2020, the global video game market had estimated annual revenues of

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Video games will inspire sequels and other video games within the same franchise, but also have influenced works outside of the video game medium. Numerous

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in 2020. Mobile games accounted for the bulk of this, with a 48% share of the market, followed by console games at 28% and personal computer games at 23%.

2918:

While amateur and hobbyist game programming had existed since the late 1970s with the introduction of home computers, a newer trend since the mid-2000s is

7725: 3150:. The lax oversight by China's government and the difficulty for foreign companies to take Chinese entities to court had enabled China to support a large 10809: 8581: 7622: 3665: 2477:

mechanics, where players can enlist the help of friends on their social media networks for extra turns or moves each day. Popular casual games include

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due to loss of publishing control and saturation of the market. Following the crash, the industry matured, was dominated by Japanese companies such as

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sensors that give more options for how the player interacts with the game. Specialized controllers may be used for certain genres of games, including

7665: 5639: 4503: 3534:, and the cultural heritage of video games as works of arts, beyond their technical capabilities, have been part of major museum exhibits, including 9037: 7090: 6068: 5967: 5889: 5443:

New to console video game development? Start with resources to help you gain approval with platform holders and get started on developing your game.

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series. Further, games not initially developed for educational purposes have found their way into the classroom after release, such as that feature

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has become a significant platform. These games may use unique features of mobile devices that are not necessary present on other platforms, such as

12477: 10771: 8099:"Video Games for Well-Being: A Systematic Review on the Application of Computer Games for Cognitive and Emotional Training in the Adult Population" 6757: 312: 7836: 7688: 2884:

for online games, and similar features. These features can be used from a developer's programming language of choice, or they may opt to also use

2218:

built into the game controller, such as causing the controller to shake in the player's hands to simulate a shaking earthquake occurring in game.

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alleviate the need for any physical media. In some cases, the media serves as the direct read-only memory for the game, or it may be the form of

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The first video game prototypes in the 1950s and 1960s were simple extensions of electronic games using video-like output from large, room-sized

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were established to provide a common voice for the industry in response to governmental and other advocacy concerns. They frequently set up the

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Perron, Bernard (2013). "From gamers to players and gameplayers: The example of interactive movies". In Wolf, Mark JP; Perron, Bernard (eds.).

3558: 3416: 1154:. In Japan, where consoles like the Odyssey were first imported and then made within the country by the large television manufacturers such as 9064: 8342: 8279: 7436: 5029: 9217: 8523: 8246: 6929: 6283: 6207: 732:

has been increasing. The emerging Asian markets and proliferation of smartphone games in particular are altering player demographics towards

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in that it is how the game is presented and expressed to the player that can be copyrighted, but not the underlying principles of the game.

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as an alternative to triple-A games in the late 2000s and which has continued to grow as a significant portion of the video game industry.

2922:. Indie games are made by small teams outside any direct publisher control, their games being smaller in scope than those from the larger " 2713: 6714: 6561: 6325: 5989:

Perron, Bernard (2009). "Games of Fear: A Multi-Faceted Historical Account of the Horror Genre in Video Games". In Perron, Bernard (ed.).

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Numerous other controversies around video games and its industry have arisen over the years, among the more notable incidents include the

2739:(CERO) rates games for Japan. Their ratings include A (all ages), B (12 and older), C (15 and over), D (17 and over), and Z (18 and over). 5113: 3821: 3657: 2096:

Video game can use several types of input devices to translate human actions to a game. Most common are the use of game controllers like

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Sales of different types of games vary widely between countries due to local preferences. Japanese consumers tend to purchase much more

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and used actual play-time data. The report found that those that played more games tended to report greater "wellbeing". Also in 2020,

2736: 300: 7296: 1415:, and if that falls to zero or if the avatar otherwise falls into an impossible-to-escape location, the player will lose one of their 11338: 7060: 6666: 4121: 4117:

and preservations have worked within the scope of copyright law to save these games as part of the cultural history of the industry.

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in nature, designed based on personal experiences or stories through a single developer or small team. Examples of art games include

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John Wills (1 October 2002). "Digital Dinosaurs and Artificial Life: Exploring the Culture of Nature in Computer and Video Games".

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Video games are also believed to be beneficial to the mind and body. It has been shown that action video game players have better

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and give the player a chance to review options such as the number of players before starting a game. Most games are divided into

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of them and the obstacle. The programmer never wrote code to specifically create a traffic jam, yet one now exists in the game.

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The Ultimate History of Video Games, Volume 2: Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, and the Billion-Dollar Battle to Shape Modern Gaming

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Certain nations have even more restrictive rules related to political or ideological content. Within Germany, until 2018, the

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calls "Cyberdrama". That is to say, their major concern is with video games as a storytelling medium, one that arises out of

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that is used to write the main assets to the player's platform's local storage for faster loading periods and later updates.

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Video game development and authorship, much like any other form of entertainment, is frequently a cross-disciplinary field.

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Some platforms support additional feedback mechanics to the player that a game can take advantage of. This is most commonly

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The gameplay experience varies radically between video games, but many common elements exist. Most games will launch into a

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during 2020–2021 gave further visibility to video games as a pastime to enjoy with friends and family online as a means of

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is becoming more widely accepted. In the 2010s, video games and discussions of video game trends and topics can be seen in

5579: 3712: 3704: 12976: 8739: 7589: 6692: 6518:. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Vol. 4. pp. 346–360. 6240: 4789: 3927: 3661: 3570: 3566: 3282:

manufacturers produce console hardware, often through a value chain system that include numerous component suppliers and

2704: 2529: 1581: 1211:, covering the coin-op amusement field, in 1975, used the term in an article in March 1973. In a September 1982 issue of 717: 8657: 6977: 6464: 5201: 4275: 2397:, or online via separate Internet connections. Most multiplayer games are based on competitive gameplay, but many offer 2280:

is still a shooter game, regardless of whether it takes place in a fantasy world or in outer space. An exception is the

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Early video games use interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest example is from 1947—a "

11195: 10795: 6405: 6062: 6002: 5883: 5492: 5395: 4995: 4826: 4634: 4606: 4473: 3899: 3793: 3653: 3562: 3521: 3321: 2778:. Foreign games published in China often require modification by developers and publishers to meet these requirements. 2750: 2708: 2466: 1707: 1553: 1183:

article as the first printed use of the term. Though Bushnell believed the term came from a vending magazine review of

1146:. Other terms such as "television game" or "telegame" had been used in the 1970s and early 1980s, particularly for the 924: 721: 4921: 4196:". However, the reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games belong in an art museum. 3249:: Companies generally that oversee bringing the game from the developer to market. This often includes performing the 12725: 12640: 12270: 10566: 9210: 9167: 7279: 6701: 6397: 5740: 5096: 4749: 4668: 3946: 3730: 3652:

Separately, video games are also frequently used as part of the promotion and marketing for other media, such as for

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A video game's mode describes how many players can use the game at the same type. This is primarily distinguished by

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Video games have caused controversy since the 1970s. Parents and children's advocates regularly raise concerns that

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Most video games tend to feature some type of victory or winning conditions, such as a scoring mechanism or a final

12548: 11263: 8398: 5684:"Hollywood Reporter interviewing Doug Lombardi, Quote: "Mods absolutely helped us drive huge sales to 'Half-Life'"" 4133: 4013: 3400: 3367: 3363: 3186: 2668: 2036: 689: 295: 7525: 6796: 4084:", required extended working hours, in the weeks and months ahead of a game's release to assure on-time delivery. 3906: 1560: 12463: 12402: 12000: 11925: 11645: 10757: 10698: 10296: 10221: 9941: 9631: 9138: 7001: 5840: 4329: 4189: 4073: 3541: 3456: 3348: 3116: 2726: 2452:

are designed for ease of accessibility, simple to understand gameplay and quick to grasp rule sets, and aimed at

1123: 322: 8952: 4386: 3620:, have also become popular. Video games also frequently incorporate licensed music, particularly in the area of 12680: 12604: 11376: 11275: 9672: 9424: 9125: 8432:"Dopamine D3 Receptors Modulate the Ability of Win-Paired Cues to Increase Risky Choice in a Rat Gambling Task" 7721: 6778: 4068: 3996: 3884: 3147: 2961: 1538: 1408: 1376: 705: 339: 53: 4359: 1649:

The list below is not exhaustive and excludes other electronic devices capable of playing video games such as

1467:, and other hidden secrets that were intentionally added to the game can also be exploited. On some consoles, 1431:

character the player must defeat to continue on. In some games, intermediate points between levels will offer

12198: 11920: 11695: 11258: 10494: 10216: 9991: 9033: 8573: 7821: 7502: 5711: 3817: 3748: 3399:, with a strong preference for games catering to local tastes. Another key difference is that, though having 3380:

According to the market research firm Newzoo, the global video game industry drew estimated revenues of over

3211: 2793: 2720: 1126:. However, the term "computer game" can also be used to more specifically refer to games played primarily on 944: 931:

computer in 1962. Each game has different means of display: NIMROD has a panel of lights to play the game of

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in 2009 which allowed the player to shoot a number of innocent non-player characters at an airport, and the

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for reinforcement training. Educational games are a form of serious games, but other types of games include

1567: 12864: 12529: 11930: 11915: 11780: 11688: 10832: 10226: 10211: 10076: 9984: 9236: 9203: 7781: 4495: 3227: 1742: 1348: 824: 42: 7655: 2341:. The names may shift over time as players, developers and the media come up with new terms; for example, 12804: 12513: 9359: 8436: 8025: 6052: 5951: 5873: 4499: 4129: 3880: 3636: 3412: 2957: 1936: 1820: 1618: 1534: 1119:

which commonly used LED lights for indicators but did not use these in combination for imaging purposes.

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Born digital/grown digital: Assessing the future competitiveness of the EU video games software industry

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A retail display in Switzerland with a large selection of games for platforms popular in the early 2000s

2717:

in 2011 which ruled video games were a protected form of art, a key victory for the video game industry.

1637:, to operate. The term system is also commonly used. These platforms may include multiple brandsheld by 12902: 12746: 12710: 12594: 12222: 12022: 11862: 11787: 10518: 10318: 10158: 10083: 7859: 6217: 4103: 4081: 3895: 3833: 3548: 3510: 3325: 2843: 2601: 2569: 2304: 2066:

or mods that alter or add onto the game; these often are unofficial and were developed by players from

2004: 1846: 1650: 1549: 283: 6999:

Lampros, Nicholas M. (2013). "Leveling Pains: Clone Gaming and the Changing Dynamics of an Industry".

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partial refunds or credit towards other games. However, with the uprising of digital marketplaces and

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Players of video games often maintain collections of games. More recently there has been interest in

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By definition, all video games are intended to output graphics to an external video display, such as

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can influence young players into performing those violent acts in real life, and events such as the

2826:, musicians, and other technicians; as well as skills that are specific to video games, such as the 2513:

games that tend to focus on the entertainment value and rote learning but are unlikely to engage in

2062:

to share with others to play. Other games, mostly those on personal computers, can be extended with

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De Prato, Guiditta; Feijóo, Claudio; Nepelski, Daniel; Bogdanowicz, Marc; Simon, Jean Paul (2010).

5019: 4563: 4047: 3992: 3960: 3744: 3580: 3256: 2421: 2386: 2311:, though some genres have derivations from influential works that have defined that genre, such as 1110: 776: 583: 375: 370: 143: 6925: 6273: 4144:

is a dedicated video game museum focusing on playable exhibits of console and computer games. The

1683:(in which a person plays a video game with people who are in a different household) and others. A 712:" games, leaving little room for riskier experimental games. Coupled with the availability of the 12614: 12599: 12537: 12217: 11907: 11735: 11292: 10513: 10203: 10031: 9646: 9354: 8693:

Wolf, Mark J.P., ed. (2012). "International Center for the History of Electronic Games (ICHEG)".

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which lead to the formation of the ESRB ratings system, numerous legal actions taken by attorney

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Zimmermann, Felix; Huberts, Christian (2019). "From walking simulator to ambience action game".

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environment. These games may be identified based on the website that they appear, such as with

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Wiemeyer, Josef; Dörner, Ralf; Göbel, Stefan; Effelsberg, Wolfgang (2016). "1. Introduction".

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Wolf, Mark; Perron, Bernard (2003). "Introduction: An Introduction To The Video Game Theory".

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Proceedings of the 2019 DiGRA International Conference: Game, Play and the Emerging Ludo-Mix

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Video games are frequently classified by a number of factors related to how one plays them.

2054:

nominally available via digital distribution. These can be offered freely or can be used to

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http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-etymology-of-term-video-game.html?m=1

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or lack of dedicated 3D graphics rendering capabilities on the target platform (e.g., some

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exists to help developers access other features, such as playback of videos within games,

1944:

official releases of emulated software from game manufacturers, such as Nintendo with its

1309:

The lack of any industry definition for a video game by 2021 was an issue during the case

8: 12885: 12584: 12032: 11982: 11937: 11770: 11650: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10328: 10278: 10233: 10066: 9946: 9477: 9389: 9319: 8898: 8865: 8280:"Video games can provide benefits to mental health, suggests new Oxford University study" 7923: 6430: 6305:

Dondlinger, Mary Jo (2007). "Educational Video Game Design: A Review of the Literature".

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said her research also showed that video games can have health benefits such as reducing

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popularized the trend of having the capability of playing past generation games from the

1925: 1654: 1642: 1392: 1311: 1301: 1038: 910: 882: 784: 729: 665: 618: 416: 359: 263: 160: 8045: 7919:"From Star Wars to Marvel, licensed video games are becoming more ambitious. Here's why" 7140: 5481:

Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases

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which use even more simplistic rules for short but infinitely replayable games, such as

2432:

Most video games are intended for entertainment purposes. Different game types include:

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a game following its initial release. Several games offer players the ability to create

1819:

games. Others are named based on the programming platform used to develop them, such as

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and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on 14 December 1948, as U.S. Patent 2455992. Inspired by

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A study of gamers attitudes towards gaming which was reported about in 2018 found that

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and other similarly shared systems, with users logging in remotely to use the computer.

1688: 1676: 1464: 1428: 1416: 1195: 1147: 1009: 741: 531: 116: 9334: 8524:"No, Video Games Don't Cause Mass Shootings. But The Conversation Shouldn't End There" 7980: 5168: 4812: 4439: 2802:

Developers use various tools to create video games. Here an editor is fine-tuning the

2357:. Some cross-genre types also exist that fall until multiple top-level genres such as 2155:

Handheld units, like the Game Boy, include built-in output screens and sound speakers.

12952: 12928: 12834: 12438: 12351: 12346: 12017: 11963: 11872: 11705: 11665: 11468: 10734: 10647: 10642: 10313: 10259: 10168: 10001: 9961: 9764: 9563: 9414: 9121: 9101: 9018: 8595: 8463: 8197: 8179: 8138: 8120: 8059: 7959: 7890: 7851: 7749:"'Sonic the Hedgehog' is up against the stigma of video game flops at the box office" 7660: 7627: 7275: 7250: 6901: 6890: 6859: 6838: 6697: 6566: 6488: 6442: 6401: 6058: 5998: 5957: 5918: 5879: 5795: 5736: 5705: 5546: 5488: 5306: 5273: 5092: 4980: 4968: 4822: 4755: 4745: 4664: 4630: 4602: 4417: 3813: 3770: 3498: 2901: 2677:

A typical ESRB rating label, listing the rating and specific content descriptors for

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simply by inserting the original game media into the newer console, while Nintendo's

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across hardware, software, and services, which is three times the size of the global

752: 642: 594: 590: 563: 500: 387: 251: 236: 106: 31: 8475: 7107: 6595:"Fortnite, PUBG, and Paladins have reportedly been banned by the Chinese government" 6150: 5807: 2589:

that incorporate significant physical exercise to help keep the player fit (such as

12428: 12339: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12099: 12094: 12049: 11890: 11655: 11556: 11495: 11435: 11392: 10724: 10635: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10395: 10390: 10345: 10186: 9951: 9852: 9791: 9731: 9688: 9621: 9504: 9472: 9399: 9394: 9301: 9260: 9089: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8187: 8169: 8128: 8110: 8071: 8049: 7411: 7399: 7339: 6921: 6847: 6434: 6136: 5787: 5118: 4958: 3825: 3616: 3606: 3485:. Gaming can both be entertainment as well as competition, as a new trend known as 3469: 3190: 3112: 3091: 3048: 2889: 2692: 2596: 2485: 2417: 2299:

Genre names are normally self-describing in terms of the type of gameplay, such as

2235: 2172: 2160: 2117: 2000: 1634: 1363: 1262: 1257: 1115: 1102: 1022: 887: 728:") to gain prominence into the 2010s. Since then, the commercial importance of the 685: 650: 634: 527: 421: 202: 6422: 5341: 3971: 2369: 1939:

enables games from a console or otherwise different system to be run in a type of

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Djaouti, Damien; Alvarez, Julian; Jessel, Jean-Pierre; Rampnoux, Olivier (2011).

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tendencies that may come from video games, such as controversy around the use of

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atop the rendering of the game itself. Taking damage will deplete their avatar's

1316: 1094: 1004:

These preliminary inventions paved the way for the origins of video games today.

845: 658: 638: 539: 496: 480: 133: 12994: 12159: 10455: 9152: 9093: 8158:"Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review" 8029: 6438: 5668: 5374:"The future for platform holders is cooperation, not just competition / Opinion" 2814:, as employees within this industry are commonly referred to, primarily include 2564: 2084: 1613: 12809: 12042: 11748: 11632: 11544: 11539: 11430: 10338: 10044: 9928: 9840: 9835: 9726: 9542: 9364: 9349: 9311: 9291: 5346: 3482: 3239: 2869: 2855: 2819: 2687: 2285: 2133: 2047: 1907: 1812: 1786: 1722: 1404: 1286: 1151: 1098: 1047: 1042: 1026: 980: 905: 840: 792: 670: 523: 515: 504: 484: 226: 61: 35: 8743: 8710:"Strong's eGameRevolution Exhibit Gives Game History Its First Permanent Home" 8097:

Pallavicini, Federica; Ferrari, Ambra; Mantovani, Fabrizia (7 November 2018).

7297:"From shareware superstars to the Steam gold rush: How indie conquered the PC" 4777: 4759: 4305: 3605:

More recently since the 2000s, there has also become a larger appreciation of

3169: 1807:

takes advantages of standardizations of technologies for the functionality of

1483: 13075: 12859: 12849: 12839: 12819: 12186: 12027: 11968: 11819: 11760: 11551: 11510: 11453: 10482: 10323: 10264: 10115: 10056: 9847: 9806: 9749: 9641: 9636: 9434: 9429: 9329: 9014: 8661: 8310:"U of S research finds video games can relieve stress, improve mental health" 8183: 8124: 8115: 7855: 7403: 7363: 6851: 6687: 5799: 5791: 4972: 4188:

to its permanent Architecture and Design Collection since 2012. In 2012, the

4125: 4042: 3829: 3809: 3632: 3388: 2831: 2827: 2462: 2265: 2012: 1996: 1962: 1854: 1850: 1703: 1672: 1189: 1005: 965: 796: 764: 626: 622: 167: 13028: 8174: 6969: 6831:"Indie Dreams: Video Games, Creative Economy, and the Hyperindustrial Epoch" 5510:"Port or conversion? An ontological framework for classifying game versions" 5417: 4625:

Wolf, Mark (2007). "Chapter 1: What Is a Video Game?". In Wolf, Mark (ed.).

2175:, depending on the type of platform the game is played on. Features such as 2070:

of the game, but other games provide official support for modding the game.

48:"Computer game" redirects here. For games played on personal computers, see 12423: 12385: 12227: 12077: 11995: 11660: 11622: 11583: 11483: 11463: 11445: 10719: 10681: 10523: 10373: 10291: 9956: 9918: 9879: 9779: 9759: 9741: 9600: 9404: 9270: 8467: 8343:"Playing video games is a key strategy for coping with stress, study finds" 8251: 8201: 8156:

Brilliant T., Denilson; Nouchi, Rui; Kawashima, Ryuta (25 September 2019).

8142: 8063: 7693: 7213: 7064: 6885: 4844: 3490: 3392: 3304: 3008: 2993: 2893: 2823: 2582: 2577: 2538: 2289: 2277: 2180: 2121: 2105: 2032: 2024: 1888: 1871: 1804: 1794: 1714: 1444: 1396: 1388: 1296: 1229: 1179: 1135: 1060: 896: 849: 733: 646: 614: 606: 598: 488: 426: 214: 177: 155: 111: 8742:. International Center for the History of Electronic Games. Archived from 5114:"A brief history of the "walking simulator," gaming's most detested genre" 2749:

Additionally, the major content system provides have worked to create the

2745:(USK) rates games for Germany. Their ratings include 0, 6, 12, 16, and 18. 1879:

between player input and output on their display device. For example, the

12854: 12334: 12308: 12131: 12104: 12082: 11885: 11834: 11478: 11413: 11285: 10749: 10630: 10604: 10427: 10400: 10378: 10181: 10130: 9774: 9709: 9482: 9449: 6752: 5640:"10 Gaming Innovations That The PlayStation 2 Brought to Us 20 Years Ago" 5484: 5169:"Epic v Apple judge grapples with the big question: What is a videogame?" 4109: 3845: 3808:, Scotland, have emphasised the positive aspects video games can have on 3766: 3670: 3624:, furthering the depth of which video games and music can work together. 3621: 3517: 3478: 3404: 3372: 3307:, video game companies have found that the opinions of influencers using 3151: 3063: 3054: 3004: 2865: 2860: 2621: 2495: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2406: 2300: 2281: 2176: 2113: 2008: 1921: 1824: 1808: 1789:

which has one built-in console, controllers (joystick, buttons, etc.), a

1738: 1680: 1460: 1143: 1139: 1106: 1064: 1056: 892: 630: 610: 555: 547: 535: 404: 256: 231: 209: 150: 8054: 4778:"The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games" 4481: 3415:, computer games are generally preferred over console games, especially 2798: 2691:

is based on the level of violence, both in the type of violence and how

12824: 12380: 12356: 12303: 12191: 11895: 11814: 11422: 10676: 10652: 10599: 10487: 10191: 10110: 9718: 9499: 9409: 9379: 9002:

From Playgrounds to PlayStation: The Interaction of Technology and Play

8695:

Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming

8399:"Video Games Aren't Why Shootings Happen. Politicians Still Blame Them" 7144: 5875:

The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond

5270:

Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming

4711:"Film, Television and Digital Games, Australia, 2015-16 financial year" 4445: 4153: 4063: 3887: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3640: 3272: 3059: 2964: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2873: 2764:) would refuse to classify, and thus allow sale, of any game depicting 2637: 2586: 2534: 2184: 1834: 1790: 1541: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1436: 1432: 1420: 1173:

The first appearance of the term "video game" emerged around 1973. The

1081:, which was released by Christmas 1975. The success of the Odyssey and 1030: 948: 725: 571: 559: 182: 138: 9195: 7689:"Supreme Court strikes down video game law on first amendment grounds" 5438: 4325: 2272:

A video game, like most other forms of media, may be categorized into

1698: 1427:" screen. Many levels as well as the game's finale end with a type of 974: 12154: 12072: 11775: 11753: 10450: 10368: 10071: 10049: 9521: 9339: 8956: 8495: 7464: 7209:"Clone Wars: is plagiarism killing creativity in the games industry?" 6897: 6719: 6659:"Cross-platform game development and the next generation of consoles" 6631: 6245: 6170: 5655:"PlayStation's Long, Complicated History with Backward Compatibility" 5088: 4692: 4382: 3628: 3610: 3464: 3250: 3135:(2001) introduced gameplay that created popular new game genres, the 3105: 3097: 3070: 3021: 2606: 2553: 2543: 2394: 2378: 2374: 2312: 2260: 2168: 2129: 2125: 2089: 1776: 1424: 1332: 1291: 1068: 915: 9657: 9111:

The players' realm: studies on the culture of video games and gaming

6970:"Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" 6141: 6124: 4947:"Gaming history: computer and video games as historical scholarship" 3862: 3176:

was one of the typical trade show events of the video game industry.

2939: 1516: 12814: 12418: 12370: 12316: 12242: 12232: 12111: 11824: 10714: 10666: 10612: 10538: 10528: 10407: 10120: 9514: 9494: 9487: 9384: 9324: 9059: 8314: 7656:"The Time Roger Ebert Dismissed Video Games and What Happened Next" 7557:"Game (still) on: How coronavirus is impacting the gaming industry" 7301: 7112: 6599: 6330: 5173: 4351: 4148:

is also dedicated to preserving video games and their history. The

4030: 4026: 4021: 3980: 3805: 3531: 3207: 3033: 3016: 3000: 2632: 2616: 2241: 2101: 1974: 1816: 1756: 1495: 1456: 1400: 1358: 1014: 874: 780: 760: 713: 697: 654: 511: 492: 13062: 12923: 7492: 7359:"Women significantly outnumber teenage boys in gamer demographics" 4120:

There are many video game museums around the world, including the

990: 939:

has an oscilloscope to display a side view of a tennis court, and

11718: 10014: 9588: 6366: 6024: 5325: 5241: 3800:

Organisers of video gaming events, such as the organisers of the

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that simulates the physics of objects in real-time. A variety of

2591: 2097: 1990:

An unlabeled game cartridge for the Nintendo Entertainment System

1664: 1353: 1233: 1155: 1131: 1093:

The term "video game" was developed to distinguish this class of

602: 562:, and sometimes also with other types of sensory feedback (e.g., 172: 49: 30:"Video Game" redirects here. For the song by Sufjan Stevens, see 8430:

Barrus, Michael M.; Winstanley, Catharine A. (20 January 2016).

1986: 12959: 8247:"Video gaming can benefit mental health, find Oxford academics" 7594: 7590:"The world is turning to video games amid coronavirus outbreak" 7431: 6715:"For Amusement Only: The Life and Death of the American Arcade" 6531:"The Political Game: A Brief History of Video Game Legislation" 3101: 2897: 2479: 2440:

video game industry is based around the delivery of core games.

2273: 2016: 1471:

allow players to execute these cheat codes, and user-developed

1448: 1327: 1041:, devised a similar version running in a smaller coin-operated 575: 508: 12761: 9182: 8812:"Video Games: Seven More Building Blocks in MoMA's Collection" 7844:

The International Digital Media & Arts Association Journal

6489:

Arcade Classics Span Art? Current Trends in the Art Game Genre

4165:

in Washington, DC has three video games on permanent display:

3267:

also serve as distributors and retailers in the digital space.

2284:

genre, used for games that are based on narrative elements of

2151: 799:

in 2019, making it a formidable heavyweight across the modern

12970: 12844: 12363: 12204: 10659: 10500: 8675: 8632:"Red Penguin: Review of the Museum of Soviet arcade machines" 7954:

What Video Games Have to Teach us About Literacy and Learning

7061:"Cloning or theft? Ars explores game design with Jenova Chen" 6391: 6092:"How Battle Royale went from a manga to a Fortnite game mode" 5396:"Platform holders and indies: Handy tips from the developers" 4655:

Wolf, Mark JP (2001). "Chapter 1: Video game as the medium".

4276:"How COVID-19 is taking gaming and esports to the next level" 3441: 3335: 3222:

games and studios with large development budgets of at least

2673: 2109: 1875:

hardware, using a number of predictive methods to reduce the

959: 928: 900: 865: 803:. The video game market is also a major influence behind the 567: 551: 519: 8216:"D-Lux: The video game festival talking about mental health" 7390:

Sotamaa, Olli (2009). "Studying Game Development Cultures".

6420: 4819:

Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971–2005)

2609:

that are built around the advertising of a product (such as

2031:

over the Internet or other communication methods as well as

1721:, a specialized electronic device that connects to a common 12792: 8815: 8792: 8155: 8096: 7753: 7179:

United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission

6326:"Minecraft In Education: How Video Games Are Teaching Kids" 6212: 4560:"The History Of Pong: Avoid Missing Game to Start Industry" 4250:"Videogame" may also be used, though this is less frequent. 4077: 4008:

has included "gaming disorder" in the 11th revision of its

3027: 3007:. Narrativists approach video games in the context of what 2765: 1734: 1130:

or other types of flexible hardware systems (also known as

1073: 994: 701: 676: 67: 8613: 7886:"How Lucasfilm used Unreal Engine to make The Mandalorian" 4496:"History of Gaming – Interactive Timeline of Game History" 4440:"Console Portraits: A 40-Year Pictorial History of Gaming" 3792:

How can video games boost your mental health? – Max Birk (

3210:

helped to revitalize the industry with the release of the

2900:

in the product, though frequently developers will release

1625:

Video games require a platform, a specific combination of

1207:

s coin-operated section until 1972 and then later founded

668:. The first consumer video game was the arcade video game 9108: 5991:

Horror Video Games: Essays on the Fusion of Fear and Play

4682: 4680: 2686:

Video games can be subject to national and international

2268:

genre as its gameplay involves jumping between platforms.

2020: 1970: 1858: 1842: 1289:

that allow for exploration but lack any objectives) like

932: 920: 692:

from the late 1970s to early 1980s but suffered from the

589:

Video games are typically categorized according to their

8555: 7272:

High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games

6274:"How 'hyper-casual' games are winning the mobile market" 5953:

Triadic Game Design: Balancing Reality, Meaning and Play

5162: 5160: 4150:

International Center for the History of Electronic Games

3275:, retailers have been performing worse than in the past. 3081: 2619:

aimed at conveying a specific advocacy message (such as

2413:(MMOs) to support hundreds of players at the same time. 11990: 10286: 8030:"Action video game modifies visual selective attention" 8024: 7811: 7809: 7807: 6562:"Germany relaxes stance on Nazi symbols in video games" 4269: 4267: 3329: 3173: 2050:

which are typically available as physical media, or as

1109:, or similar device. This also distinguished from many 649:. Video games are also classified into a wide range of 27:

Electronic game with user interface and visual feedback

5726:

Thomas, David; Orland, Kyle; Steinberg, Scott (2007).

4861:"VC&G Interview: Nolan Bushnell, Founder of Atari" 4677: 1916:(VR) games generally require players to use a special 1419:. Should they lose all their lives without gaining an 1379:

along the bottom that includes the player's remaining

1045:

using a less expensive computer. This was released as

12900: 8861:"Museum exhibit asks: Is it art if you push 'start'?" 7327: 6952:"IGN: GDC 2004: Warren Spector Talks Games Narrative" 5956:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 71. 5725: 5607:"Xbox 360 beats Wii as the UK's best-selling console" 5157: 3574:

game film had ever been received a "Fresh" rating on

694:

crash of the North American video game market in 1983

7804: 6797:"The Messy, True Story Behind The Making of Destiny" 5910: 5199: 4264: 4203: 4010:

International Statistical Classification of Diseases

1995:

types of media or formats. Physical formats include

9008: 7837:"Real-Time Performance: Machinima and Game Studies" 7460:"Japan used to rule video games, so what happened?" 7240: 7238: 7236: 5770: 5580:"Is PC Gaming Really More Expensive Than Consoles?" 5321: 5319: 4909:. Vol. 11, no. 2. pp. 134–175 (152). 4821:] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. 4650: 4648: 4646: 1775:A police-themed arcade game in which players use a 935:, OXO has a graphical display to play tic-tac-toe, 11238: 7951: 6889: 6463: 5501: 4590: 4438: 4409: 3349:Video game industry § International practices 2509:educate the user. These are broadly split between 41:"Video Games" redirects here. For other uses, see 9011:The Game Design Reader: A Rules of Play Anthology 8789:"Video Games: 14 in the Collection, for Starters" 8390: 6394:Serious Games: Foundations, Concepts and Practice 5604: 5508:Grabarczyk, Pawel; Aarseth, Espen (August 2019). 5507: 5144: 3967:Digital media use and mental health § Autism 3423:games. Computer games are also popular in China. 3320:Trade and advocacy groups: Trade groups like the 1299:(video games that tend to focus on emotion) like 1187:in 1971, a review of the major vending magazines 13073: 9052: 9004:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 8999: 8766:"History of Computing: Video games – Golden Age" 8429: 7493:"Game on: why Japan's arcades are still winning" 7233: 7025:"For Creators of Games, a Faint Line on Cloning" 7018: 7016: 6781:, Christopher Reynolds, 18 May 2009, NOW Gamer. 6166:"Video game pioneer John H. Conway dies aged 82" 5316: 4903:"The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum" 4643: 4488: 3015:. Murray puts video games in the context of the 2880:for games that communicate via online services, 1315:which dealt with video games offered on Apple's 860:" was filed for a patent on 25 January 1947, by 9082:Cultural Values (Journal for Cultural Research) 8963: 8707: 8692: 7614: 6824: 6822: 6363:"SpaceChem Used as Educational Tool in Schools" 5330:(Report). JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. 5267: 4782:International Journal of Computer Game Research 4629:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 3–7. 4558:Barton, Mat; Loguidice, Bill (9 January 2009). 4557: 4524: 3544:and toured at other museums from 2012 to 2016. 3088:Intellectual property protection of video games 2489:. More recent, starting in the late 2010s, are 1455:by the player; this is often the foundation of 1395:which the player must work the avatar through, 1055:, in 1971. Bushnell and Dabney went on to form 909:, an electronic interactive game engineered by 9170:by the French video game research association 8482: 7978: 6779:"Assassin's Creed II dev team triples in size" 6050: 5729:The Videogame Style Guide and Reference Manual 4738:Gamer Nation: Video Games and American Culture 4588: 4087: 3666:lists of games with notably negative reception 2345:were originally called "Doom clones" based on 12777: 12471: 11377: 11224: 10817: 10803: 10765: 9673: 9211: 7816:"10.4 The Impact of Video Games on Culture". 7356: 7269: 7100: 7013: 6748:"Son of PC: The History of x86 Game Consoles" 6522: 6516:A New Digital Art Game: The Art of the Future 5835: 5539:Olle, David; Westcott, Jean Riescher (2018). 5231: 5229: 4436: 448: 9031: 7054: 7052: 6819: 6619: 6125:"Video Game Genre, Evolution and Innovation" 5904: 5538: 4620: 4618: 4383:"A.S.Douglas' 1952 Noughts and Crosses game" 4227:List of accessories to video games by system 3549:Film adaptation § Video game adaptation 3527:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 3493:, politics, television, film and music. The 3096:Most commonly, video games are protected by 2714:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 2547:, or offer critical thinking skills through 8574:"National Videogame Museum opens in Frisco" 7274:(1st ed.). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. 7097:11 December 2003, Accessed 19 February 2009 6129:Eludamos. Journal for Computer Game Culture 5334: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 3822:Plants vs Zombies: Battle for Neighborville 2409:use server structures that can also enable 2042:Games can be extended with new content and 12881: 12784: 12770: 12485: 12478: 12464: 11384: 11370: 11231: 11217: 10810: 10796: 10779: 10772: 10758: 9680: 9666: 9218: 9204: 9109:Williams, J.P.; Smith, J.H., eds. (2007). 9079: 8986: 8786: 8005: 7782:"'Sonic the Hedgehog' Sequel in the Works" 7526:"PC Game Sales Top $ 18.6 Billion In 2011" 6480: 6427:Serious Games and Edutainment Applications 6304: 5692:. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008 5292:Björk, Staffan; Holopainen, Jussi (2005). 5226: 4686: 3769:, their sensitivity to information in the 2929: 2737:Computer Entertainment Rating Organization 2576:Further extending from educational games, 1490:machines at the Sugoi arcade game hall in 674:in 1971. In 1972 came the iconic hit game 455: 441: 8950: 8891: 8457: 8191: 8173: 8132: 8114: 8053: 7719: 7653: 7357:Pulliam-Moore, Charles (21 August 2014). 7249:. Södertörns högskola. pp. 161–191. 7049: 6785:15 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive 6559: 6461: 6317: 6307:Journal of Applied Educational Technology 6238: 6140: 6122: 6051:Lecky-Thompson, Guy W. (1 January 2008). 5949: 5865: 5829: 5202:"In Game World, Cheaters Proudly Prosper" 4962: 4615: 4186:20 video games and one video game console 4062:from 2003 to 2007, the outrage over the " 4038:1993 United States Congressional hearings 3947:Learn how and when to remove this message 3731:Learn how and when to remove this message 3342: 2980:Learn how and when to remove this message 1601:Learn how and when to remove this message 1342: 1162:, such games are known as "TV games", or 570:sensations). Some video games also allow 8809: 8373:"A Timeline of Video Game Controversies" 7424: 7244: 6360: 6271: 6163: 6089: 5841:"Background: The Origins of Game Genres" 5764: 5675: 5439:"Game development for console platforms" 5286: 5193: 4919: 4771: 4769: 4518: 4474:"1972 Nutting Associates Computer Space" 4311: 3970: 3776: 3445: 3371: 3168: 2797: 2696:players and parents should be aware of. 2672: 2563: 2368: 2245: 2167:(LCD) televisions and built-in screens, 2150: 2083: 1985: 1901: 1770: 1697: 1612: 1482: 1352: 1319:. Among concerns raised were games like 989: 834: 60: 9225: 8929: 8277: 7746: 7686: 7427:"Why PC Gaming Is Still Niche in Japan" 7389: 7294: 7058: 6998: 6920: 6745: 6513: 6208:"GDC '08: Are casual games the future?" 5911:Adams, Ernest; Andrew Rollings (2006). 5652: 5200:Vargas, Jose Antonio (28 August 2006). 4858: 4138:Museum of Art and Digital Entertainment 3979:for video games is believed to trigger 3019:, a fictional piece of technology from 1017:, which commercialized it as the first 688:. The industry grew quickly during the 14: 13074: 9440:Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems 9177:The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) 8858: 8822:from the original on 8 September 2015. 8799:from the original on 8 September 2015. 8787:Anttonelli, Paola (29 November 2012). 8682:from the original on 13 December 2012. 8521: 8396: 8340: 7834: 7701:from the original on 15 September 2020 7668:from the original on 14 September 2020 7587: 7554: 7457: 7295:Cobbett, Richard (22 September 2017). 7206: 7169: 7083: 6884: 6828: 6656: 6625: 6323: 5988: 5931:from the original on 15 September 2020 5637: 5545:. Stylus Publishing, LLC. p. 16. 5478: 5181:from the original on 15 September 2021 5082: 5008:from the original on 19 November 2012. 4944: 4934:from the original on 13 November 2022. 4775: 4589:Vendel, Curt; Goldberg, Marty (2012). 4471: 4416:. Massachusetts: Charles River Media. 4326:"Welcome to Pong-Story – Introduction" 4012:. Other health experts, including the 3062:'s body, already analyzed to death by 2892:before release to assure there are no 2762:Entertainment Software Self-Regulation 12765: 12459: 11391: 11365: 11212: 10791: 10753: 9687: 9661: 9199: 9186: 9040:from the original on 14 December 2010 9009:Salen, Katie; Eric Zimmerman (2005). 8953:"I Have No Words & I Must Design" 8932:"How to Solve China's Piracy Problem" 8834:"Exhibitions: The Art of Video Games" 8620:from the original on 28 January 2010. 8584:from the original on 7 November 2017. 8562:from the original on 2 December 2017. 8536:from the original on 3 September 2020 8377:National Coalition Against Censorship 7916: 7898:from the original on 13 November 2020 7779: 7728:from the original on 3 September 2010 7620: 7523: 7505:from the original on 27 December 2017 7490: 7309:from the original on 9 September 2021 7270:Demaria, Rusel; Wilson, John (2002). 7138: 7089:Turner, Benjamin & Bowen, Kevin, 6807:from the original on 15 November 2016 6638:from the original on 19 November 2009 6592: 6476:from the original on 10 January 2022. 6205: 5853:from the original on 17 December 2014 5735:. Power Play Publishing. p. 21. 5681: 5166: 5111: 4900: 4810: 4766: 4735: 4528:A History of Home Video Game Consoles 4506:from the original on 18 February 2006 4407: 4389:from the original on 23 December 2015 4020:in their core design that can create 3553:Hollywood and the video game industry 3426: 3082:Intellectual property for video games 2758:Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle 2743:Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle 2140: 1459:a video game. These bugs, along with 1200:Around March 1973, Ed Adlum, who ran 1134:), as a way to distinguish them from 921:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 767:between different parties, including 12977: 9113:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. 9053:Winegarner, Beth (28 January 2005). 8938:from the original on 8 November 2011 8840:from the original on 10 January 2011 8708:Jacobs, Stephen (22 November 2010). 8290:from the original on 2 November 2021 8244: 7979:James Paul Gee; et al. (2007). 7931:from the original on 1 November 2021 7883: 7247:History of Insolvancy and Bankruptcy 7221:from the original on 1 November 2021 7037:from the original on 1 November 2021 7022: 6980:from the original on 1 November 2021 6866:from the original on 30 January 2022 6794: 6760:from the original on 5 December 2020 6712: 6560:Handrahan, Matthew (9 August 2018). 6528: 6342:from the original on 10 October 2013 6286:from the original on 13 January 2021 6239:Ricchetti, Matt (17 February 2012). 5970:from the original on 30 January 2022 5871: 5669:"History of Backwards Compatibility" 5577: 5354:from the original on 7 November 2007 5261: 5237:"Cracking the Code: The Konami Code" 5064:from the original on 30 October 2018 4842:"A red-hot market for video games". 4654: 4624: 4478:Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum 4273: 4136:in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. The 3885:adding citations to reliable sources 3856: 3687: 3481:, gamers find themselves in growing 2962:adding citations to reliable sources 2933: 2092:game controller from the early 1990s 1811:across multiple devices providing a 1667:involve a player interacting with a 1539:adding citations to reliable sources 1510: 13087:Games and sports introduced in 1947 9067:from the original on 6 January 2012 8989:"Where have all the PC games gone?" 8892:Kennicott, Philip (18 March 2012). 8859:Barron, Christina (29 April 2012). 8503:from the original on 14 August 2020 8488: 8278:Chilton, Louis (16 November 2020). 7949: 7747:Whitten, Sarah (14 February 2020). 7720:Steinberg, Scott (31 August 2010). 7425:Ashcraft, Brian (18 January 2013). 7108:"Hunt for Grand Theft Auto pirates" 7059:Webster, Andrew (6 December 2009). 6727:from the original on 6 October 2014 6693:The Ultimate History of Video Games 6253:from the original on 12 August 2020 6090:Zavarise, Giada (6 December 2018). 5586:from the original on 13 August 2016 5214:from the original on 20 August 2011 5167:Knoop, Joseph (10 September 2021). 5126:from the original on 24 August 2020 4332:from the original on 27 August 2010 3197:, dropping from revenues of around 2705:Entertainment Software Rating Board 2573:is an example of a simulation game. 2473:games. Causal games frequently use 1929:couples with the head-mounted unit. 1710:, with over 155 million units sold. 947:PDP-1's vector display to have two 24: 8922: 8614:"Museum of Soviet arcade machines" 8411:from the original on 26 April 2020 8353:from the original on 4 August 2021 8322:from the original on 4 August 2021 8006:Glazer, S. (2006). "Video games". 7722:"Who says video games aren't art?" 7371:from the original on 12 March 2021 7207:Parkin, Simon (23 December 2011). 7188:from the original on 21 March 2021 7120:from the original on 29 April 2009 6657:Reimer, Jeremy (8 November 2005). 6607:from the original on 6 August 2020 6178:from the original on 27 April 2020 6071:from the original on 22 April 2021 6020:"The Essential 50 Part 12 – Rogue" 6017: 5892:from the original on 23 April 2021 5619:from the original on 19 April 2019 5605:GameCentral staff (27 June 2013). 5559:from the original on 9 August 2018 5456:"Technical Requirements Checklist" 5112:Clark, Nicole (11 November 2017). 5032:from the original on 10 March 2019 4993: 4922:"Video Games Caught Up in History" 4859:Edwards, Benj (12 December 2007). 4380: 3794:Eindhoven University of Technology 3703:tone or style may not reflect the 3683: 3463:Video game culture is a worldwide 3407:remain an important sector of the 3326:major trade events and conventions 3322:Entertainment Software Association 2751:International Age Rating Coalition 2416:A small number of video games are 2411:massively multiplayer online games 2399:cooperative and team-based options 2221: 1977:titles as well in the same manner. 1733:. Major console platforms include 1423:, then the player will reach the " 722:independent video game development 690:"golden age" of arcade video games 34:. For the American game show, see 25: 13103: 9132: 8991:. Computing Japan. Archived from 8341:Bailey, Grant (9 February 2018). 8259:from the original on 23 June 2021 8226:from the original on 27 July 2021 7761:from the original on 26 July 2021 7654:Shackford, Scott (4 April 2013). 7602:from the original on 8 April 2020 7569:from the original on 8 April 2020 7472:from the original on 23 June 2018 7439:from the original on 23 June 2018 7151:from the original on 5 March 2021 6932:from the original on 19 June 2006 6574:from the original on 13 July 2021 6462:Schilling, Chris (23 July 2009). 6398:Springer International Publishing 6324:Walton, Mark (25 November 2012). 6241:"What Makes Social Games Social?" 6104:from the original on 26 July 2020 5752:from the original on 11 July 2011 5520:from the original on 29 July 2020 4871:from the original on 23 July 2020 4811:Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). 4792:from the original on 24 June 2015 4362:from the original on 23 July 2011 3561:(both animated and live-action), 3233: 3058:, saying that "the dimensions of 2662: 2595:), simulator games that resemble 1097:that were played on some type of 858:cathode-ray tube amusement device 483:that involves interaction with a 13054: 13037: 13020: 13003: 12986: 12958: 12946: 12934: 12922: 12910: 12880: 11596: 9892: 9120:by Steven L. Kent, Crown, 2021, 8930:Blodget, Henry (12 April 2005). 8885: 8852: 8826: 8803: 8780: 8758: 8732: 8720:from the original on 12 May 2013 8701: 8686: 8668: 8650: 8634:. redpenguin.net. Archived from 8624: 8606: 8602:from the original on 1 May 2011. 8588: 8566: 8548: 8515: 8423: 8365: 8334: 8302: 8271: 8238: 8208: 8149: 8090: 8078:from the original on 6 June 2020 8018: 7999: 7987:from the original on 17 May 2008 7972: 7943: 7910: 7877: 7828: 7792:from the original on 29 May 2020 7773: 7740: 7713: 7680: 7647: 7588:Howley, Daniel (18 March 2020). 7581: 7548: 7536:from the original on 9 June 2012 7524:Usher, William (11 March 2012). 7517: 7484: 7451: 7418: 7383: 7350: 7331:Journal of Interactive Marketing 7321: 7288: 7263: 7200: 7023:Chen, Brian X. (11 March 2012). 6746:Edwards, Benj (26 August 2016). 6669:from the original on 3 June 2020 6272:Bradshaw, Tim (20 August 2020). 6206:Boyes, Emma (18 February 2008). 6057:. Cengage Learning. p. 23. 5638:Bashir, Dale (26 October 2020). 4848:. 10 November 1973. p. 212. 4776:Picard, Martin (December 2013). 4525:Miller, Michael (1 April 2005). 4453:from the original on 16 May 2008 4412:Introduction to Game Development 4206: 4134:Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines 4014:American Psychiatric Association 3861: 3852: 3713:guide to writing better articles 3692: 3368:Golden age of arcade video games 3364:List of best-selling video games 3303:: With the rising importance of 3187:golden age of arcade video games 2938: 2669:Video game content rating system 1515: 1025:, released in 1972. Separately, 973: 958: 927:, and Wayne Wiitanen's on a DEC 81: 12791: 9187: 8967:The Art of Computer Game Design 8810:Galloway, Paul (23 June 2013). 8596:"Computerspielemuseum – Berlin" 8522:Parkin, Simon (8 August 2019). 8491:"The Compulsion Loop Explained" 8397:Draper, Kevin (5 August 2019). 8245:Hern, Alex (16 November 2020). 7884:Good, Owen (20 February 2020). 7818:Understanding Media and Culture 7163: 7139:Kelly, Tadhg (5 January 2014). 7132: 7071:from the original on 7 May 2021 7002:Berkeley Technology Law Journal 6992: 6962: 6944: 6914: 6878: 6788: 6772: 6739: 6713:June, Laura (16 January 2013). 6706: 6681: 6650: 6626:Parkin, Simon (3 August 2009). 6593:Jones, Ali (11 December 2018). 6586: 6553: 6507: 6455: 6414: 6385: 6354: 6298: 6265: 6232: 6199: 6190: 6164:Phillips, Tom (15 April 2020). 6157: 6116: 6083: 6044: 6011: 5982: 5943: 5719: 5661: 5646: 5631: 5598: 5578:Lane, Rick (13 December 2011). 5571: 5532: 5472: 5448: 5431: 5410: 5388: 5366: 5305:. Charles River Media. p. 235. 5138: 5105: 5076: 5044: 5012: 4987: 4938: 4920:Therrien, Carl (January 2012). 4913: 4894: 4883: 4852: 4835: 4804: 4729: 4715:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4703: 4582: 4551: 4286:from the original on 5 May 2021 4190:Smithsonian American Art Museum 3872:needs additional citations for 3635:has been used as a backbone by 3542:Smithsonian American Art Museum 3457:Smithsonian American Art Museum 2949:needs additional citations for 2727:Australian Classification Board 2211:background music for the game. 2073: 1887:platforms use dedicated custom 1708:best-selling video game console 1617:Various gaming consoles at the 1526:needs additional citations for 1124:Australian Bureau of Statistics 593:, which traditionally includes 11276:History of video game consoles 11240:Video game history by platform 8450:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2225-15.2016 8014:: 937–960. cqresrre2006111000. 7623:"Video games can never be art" 7621:Ebert, Roger (16 April 2010). 7555:Romero, Nick (19 March 2020). 7491:Lewis, Leo (9 February 2017). 6954:. Xbox.ign.com. Archived from 6361:Davidson, Pete (7 July 2011). 4901:Adlum, Eddie (November 1985). 4814:アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971–2005) 4465: 4430: 4401: 4374: 4344: 4298: 4244: 4069:Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 3997:Columbine High School massacre 3765:, such as their resistance to 2908:some exceed 100. In May 2009, 2830:. All of these are managed by 2781: 2731:number of notable banned games 1861:and camera devices to support 1859:global positioning information 1435:where the player can create a 1088: 605:; the latter also encompasses 546:. Most modern video games are 54:Computer game (disambiguation) 13: 1: 11259:History of arcade video games 9055:"Game sales hit record highs" 8660:. themade.org. Archived from 8489:Kim, Joseph (23 March 2014). 7917:Favis, Elise (5 March 2021). 7822:University of Minnesota Press 7780:Kroll, Justin (28 May 2020). 7687:Kuchera, Ben (27 June 2011). 7458:Byford, Sam (20 March 2014). 5917:. Prentice Hall. p. 67. 5653:Gelbart, Bryn (13 May 2020). 4945:Spring, Dawn (3 April 2015). 4437:Orlando, Greg (15 May 2007). 4257: 4074:Gamergate harassment campaign 3818:Animal Crossing: New Horizons 3749:Video game behavioral effects 3357: 3212:Nintendo Entertainment System 2794:Video game industry practices 2721:Pan European Game Information 1981: 1478: 1260:in the 1980s with games like 1247: 1150:that rely on connection to a 831:History of arcade video games 554:complement delivered through 99: 9237:Glossary of video game terms 9158:Resources in other libraries 7344:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.05.001 7170:Snyder, Matt (17 May 2018). 5771:Apperley, Thomas H. (2006). 5682:Hyman, Paul (9 April 2004). 5313:. Retrieved 25 January 2013. 5085:The Video Game Theory Reader 4964:10.1080/13642529.2014.973714 4689:The Video Game Theory Reader 4657:The Medium of the Video Game 4274:Hall, Stefan (15 May 2020). 4033:in many high-profile games. 4002:video games may be addictive 3637:Industrial Light & Magic 3278:Hardware manufacturers: The 3228:independent game development 1375:. Common elements include a 1349:Glossary of video game terms 997:(1972), one of the earliest 825:Early history of video games 43:Video Games (disambiguation) 7: 9094:10.1080/1362517022000047334 8598:. Computerspielemuseum.de. 8556:"National Videogame Museum" 8437:The Journal of Neuroscience 8028:; Bavelier, Daphne (2003). 7172:China's Digital Game Sector 7091:Bringin' in the DOOM Clones 6439:10.1007/978-1-4471-2161-9_3 6123:Arsenault, Dominic (2009). 5914:Fundamentals of Game Design 4593:Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun 4199: 4088:Collecting and preservation 4050:over violent games such as 3983:release that can encourage 3524:ruled in the landmark case 3158: 3117:idea–expression distinction 2599:to pilot aircraft (such as 2448:In contrast to core games, 2110:directional pads ("d-pads") 1506: 1281:fight. The introduction of 795:and four times that of the 518:, most commonly shown in a 73:Computerspielemuseum Berlin 10: 13108: 11594: 9890: 9179:(archived 10 October 2014) 8987:Lieu, Tina (August 1997). 6928:. Electronic Book Review. 6423:"Origins of Serious Games" 6054:Video Game Design Revealed 5950:Harteveld, Casper (2011). 4996:"Video Games in Education" 4697:Taylor & Francis Group 4104:List of video game museums 4101: 4091: 3964: 3958: 3834:University of Saskatchewan 3742: 3643:technology for shows like 3546: 3511:Video games as an art form 3508: 3435: 3431: 3361: 3346: 3180: 3162: 3085: 2991: 2791: 2785: 2771:China's video game segment 2666: 2602:Microsoft Flight Simulator 2570:Microsoft Flight Simulator 2239: 2233: 2144: 2077: 2064:user-created modifications 2005:magnetic-tape data storage 1346: 828: 818: 814: 308:Longest-running franchises 47: 40: 29: 12878: 12800: 12734: 12628: 12557: 12522: 12491: 12455: 12411: 12327: 12291: 12253: 12147: 12140: 12065: 11981: 11956: 11906: 11871: 11843: 11805: 11796: 11734: 11704: 11674: 11631: 11605: 11532: 11509: 11444: 11421: 11412: 11404:List of video game genres 11399: 11361: 11301: 11246: 11208: 11156: 11093: 11030: 10967: 10904: 10841: 10825: 10819:Chronology of video games 10787: 10707: 10623: 10587: 10549: 10443: 10436: 10361: 10277: 10252: 10202: 10167: 10139: 10101: 10092: 10030: 10000: 9970: 9927: 9901: 9828: 9805: 9740: 9717: 9708: 9700:List of video game genres 9695: 9609: 9556: 9535: 9460: 9310: 9279: 9243: 9234: 9193: 9153:Resources in your library 9000:Pursell, Carroll (2015). 5878:. ABC-CLIO. p. 259. 5710:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5516:. DiGRA Conference 2019. 5272:. ABC-CLIO. p. 177. 4661:University of Texas Press 4597:. Syzygy Press. pp. 4146:Video Game Museum of Rome 4122:National Videogame Museum 4006:World Health Organization 3328:for the industry such as 3238:Video games have a large 3069:While many games rely on 2387:single-player video games 2264:is representative of the 1833:With the introduction of 1177:cited a 10 November 1973 1175:Oxford English Dictionary 1111:handheld electronic games 318:Games considered the best 11696:Digital collectible card 9992:Digital collectible card 9468:Destructible environment 9168:Video games bibliography 8964:Crawford, Chris (1982). 8951:Costikyan, Greg (1994). 8894:"The Art of Video Games" 8116:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02127 8074:. Green & Bavelier. 7950:Gee, James Paul (2003). 7404:10.1177/1555412009339732 6852:10.1177/1555412018756708 6829:Crogan, Patrick (2018). 5872:Wolf, Mark J.P. (2008). 5792:10.1177/1046878105282278 5773:"Genre and game studies" 5268:Wolf, Mark J.P. (2012). 4627:The Video Game Explosion 4237: 3961:Video game controversies 3745:Video games in education 3409:Japanese gaming industry 3108:have been used as well. 2427: 2381:with hundreds of players 2229: 1238:electro-mechanical games 1228:typically had non-video 923:students Martin Graetz, 653:based on their style of 313:Most-played mobile games 11781:Roguelike deck-building 11689:Roguelike deck-building 11293:History of mobile games 10077:Roguelike deck-building 9985:Roguelike deck-building 8175:10.3390/brainsci9100251 8103:Frontiers in Psychology 6465:"Art house video games" 5995:McFarland & Company 5780:Simulation & Gaming 5487:. pp. C-198–C211. 5295:Patterns In Game Design 5057:Smithsonian Institution 4472:Yagoda, Marvin (2008). 4352:"Welcome to... NIMROD!" 4163:Smithsonian Institution 4098:Video game preservation 3804:video game festival in 3599:Lara Croft: Tomb Raider 2930:Game theory and studies 2776:Chinese Communist Party 2519:educational video games 2391:multiplayer video games 2364: 2323:Grand Theft Auto clones 1727:composite video monitor 1063:, created their second 1019:home video game console 862:Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. 544:virtual reality headset 12486:Video games by country 10781:History of video games 9034:"Are Video Games Art?" 8836:. Americanart.si.edu. 7958:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7835:Lowood, Henry (2005). 6892:Hamlet on the Holodeck 6514:Gintere, Ieva (2019). 5689:The Hollywood Reporter 4408:Rabin, Steve (2005) . 4232:Outline of video games 4194:The Art of Video Games 4192:ran an exhibition on " 4040:on violent games like 3988: 3797: 3578:, but the releases of 3537:The Art of Video Games 3504: 3460: 3452:The Art of Video Games 3377: 3343:Major regional markets 3177: 2920:indie game development 2807: 2788:Video game development 2683: 2574: 2382: 2269: 2165:liquid-crystal display 2156: 2093: 2060:user-generated content 1991: 1959:Backward compatibility 1955:Backward compatibility 1950:Nintendo Switch Online 1911: 1779: 1711: 1622: 1499: 1447:which can manifest as 1443:Product flaws include 1384: 1343:Video game terminology 1337:Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers 1266:, featured games with 1001: 853: 821:History of video games 801:entertainment industry 749:video game development 75: 52:. For other uses, see 12023:Tactical role-playing 11788:Tactical role-playing 11302:By console generation 11254:Early mainframe games 10319:Tactical role-playing 10084:Tactical role-playing 9510:Procedural generation 9032:Smuts, Aaron (2005). 6628:"The Edge of Reason?" 4306:U.S. patent 2,455,992 4184:has added a total of 4130:Computer Games Museum 4094:Video game collecting 3974: 3791: 3759:hand–eye coordination 3677:Batman: Arkham Asylum 3449: 3375: 3284:contract manufacturer 3273:e-commerce revolution 3172: 2886:game development kits 2878:network-oriented code 2812:Video game developers 2804:virtual camera system 2801: 2676: 2633:art or arthouse games 2567: 2422:Conway's Game of Life 2372: 2359:action-adventure game 2343:first-person shooters 2258: 2154: 2087: 1989: 1905: 1774: 1753:handheld game console 1701: 1627:electronic components 1619:Computer Games Museum 1616: 1486: 1356: 1272:Clue VCR Mystery Game 1033:, inspired by seeing 993: 881:computer at the 1951 838: 829:Further information: 720:, this gave room for 617:. More recently, the 64: 12403:Vertically scrolling 10699:Vertically scrolling 9297:Non-player character 8776:on 26 December 2011. 8638:on 21 September 2013 8222:. 11 February 2020. 7562:Entertainment Weekly 7141:"Why all the Clones" 6097:Rock, Paper, Shotgun 5542:Video Game Addiction 5091:. pp. 259–280. 5052:"Video Game History" 5020:"Video Game History" 4736:Wills, John (2019). 4484:on 28 December 2008. 4280:World Economic Forum 4222:Lists of video games 4182:Museum of Modern Art 4053:Grand Theft Auto III 3881:improve this article 3609:, which ranges from 3401:declined in the West 3137:first-person shooter 3132:Grand Theft Auto III 3040:The Last Starfighter 2958:improve this article 2355:third-person shooter 2351:first-person shooter 2328:Grand Theft Auto III 2294:psychological horror 2052:downloadable content 2029:digital distribution 1922:stereoscopic screens 1841:standardized on the 1671:(PC) connected to a 1655:graphing calculators 1535:improve this article 1421:extra life or "1-UP" 1368:first-person shooter 1256:The introduction of 1148:home gaming consoles 897:Alexander S. Douglas 871:Christopher Strachey 805:electronics industry 718:digital distribution 645:systems, and remote 507:device) to generate 190:Virtual reality game 12886:List of game genres 12033:Turn-based strategy 11938:Submarine simulator 11744:Action role-playing 11651:Interactive fiction 11339:Seventh (2005–2017) 10329:Turn-based strategy 10234:Submarine simulator 10040:Action role-playing 9947:Interactive fiction 9536:Movement techniques 9320:Collision detection 8995:on 12 January 1998. 8899:The Washington Post 8866:The Washington Post 8055:10.1038/nature01647 8046:2003Natur.423..534G 7981:"Wired 11.05: View" 7924:The Washington Post 7116:. 21 October 2004. 6541:on 24 December 2012 6470:The Daily Telegraph 6032:on 28 February 2013 5207:The Washington Post 5028:. 17 October 2022. 4742:Johns Hopkins Press 4158:Rochester, New York 4142:Oakland, California 3993:violent video games 3165:Video game industry 3071:emergent principles 3013:interactive fiction 2911:Assassin's Creed II 2902:patches and updates 2655:That Dragon, Cancer 2475:social-network game 2403:asymmetric gameplay 2333:battle royale games 2163:televisions, newer 2147:Video game graphics 2068:reverse engineering 2027:cards. Furthermore 1849:operating systems, 1689:mainframe computers 1679:, open hosting for 1312:Epic Games v. Apple 1302:That Dragon, Cancer 1039:Stanford University 1008:, while working at 951:battle each other. 911:William Higinbotham 883:Festival of Britain 730:video game industry 666:mainframe computers 619:video game industry 603:computer (PC) games 161:Social-network game 144:Electronic handheld 12434:Video game modding 12376:Nonlinear gameplay 12038:Turn-based tactics 12006:Real-time strategy 11324:Fourth (1987–2003) 11314:Second (1976–1992) 10730:Video game modding 10672:Nonlinear gameplay 10334:Turn-based tactics 10302:Real-time strategy 9617:Advance And Secure 8959:on 12 August 2008. 8404:The New York Times 7635:on 10 October 2011 7030:The New York Times 6529:McCauley, Dennis. 6502:Melbourne DAC 2003 6496:2013-04-20 at the 6433:. pp. 25–43. 6373:on 2 December 2011 5997:. pp. 26–45. 5418:"Platform Holders" 5301:5 May 2016 at the 4951:Rethinking History 4663:. pp. 13–33. 4570:on 12 January 2009 4539:on 12 October 2007 4214:Video games portal 4132:in Berlin and the 3989: 3985:addictive behavior 3798: 3763:visuo-motor skills 3587:Sonic the Hedgehog 3522:U.S. Supreme Court 3461: 3438:Video game culture 3427:Effects on society 3421:real-time strategy 3378: 3280:video game console 3178: 2808: 2684: 2575: 2549:puzzle video games 2506:Education software 2491:hyper-casual games 2383: 2270: 2157: 2141:Display and output 2094: 2037:installation media 2015:formats including 1992: 1912: 1906:Players using the 1780: 1712: 1623: 1500: 1385: 1283:walking simulators 1128:personal computers 1010:Sanders Associates 1002: 999:arcade video games 854: 848:game that used an 751:requires numerous 742:games as a service 621:has expanded onto 595:arcade video games 532:flat-panel display 471:, also known as a 335:Negative reception 296:Best-selling games 76: 12898: 12897: 12892: 12891: 12759: 12758: 12755: 12754: 12451: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12439:Video game remake 12347:Emergent gameplay 12018:Real-time tactics 11977: 11976: 11916:Flight simulation 11646:Graphic adventure 11592: 11591: 11393:Video game genres 11357: 11356: 11334:Sixth (1998–2013) 11329:Fifth (1993–2005) 11319:Third (1983–2003) 11309:First (1972–1980) 11204: 11203: 10747: 10746: 10743: 10742: 10735:Video game remake 10643:Emergent gameplay 10314:Real-time tactics 10273: 10272: 10212:Flight simulation 9942:Graphic adventure 9888: 9887: 9689:Video game genres 9655: 9654: 9632:Last man standing 9415:Scripted sequence 9139:Library resources 9024:978-0-262-19536-2 8740:"eGameRevolution" 8580:. 12 April 2016. 8040:(6939): 534–537. 7965:978-1-4039-6169-3 7865:on 1 January 2006 7628:Chicago Sun-Times 7392:Games and Culture 7256:978-91-89315-94-5 6958:on 11 April 2009. 6922:Aarseth, Espen J. 6907:978-0-262-63187-7 6839:Games and Culture 6795:Schreier, Jason. 6567:GamesIndustry.biz 6486:Holmes, Tiffany. 6448:978-1-4471-2160-2 5963:978-1-84996-157-8 5924:978-0-13-343571-9 5817:on 5 October 2013 5552:978-1-937585-84-6 5311:978-1-58450-354-5 5279:978-0-313-37936-9 4865:Vintage Computing 4423:978-1-58450-377-4 3957: 3956: 3949: 3931: 3814:Oxford University 3789: 3771:peripheral vision 3741: 3740: 3733: 3707:used on Knowledge 3705:encyclopedic tone 3581:Detective Pikachu 3499:social distancing 3495:COVID-19 pandemic 3487:electronic sports 3479:online capability 2990: 2989: 2982: 2820:graphic designers 2597:flight simulators 2539:virtual sandboxes 2515:critical thinking 2502:Educational games 2418:zero-player games 2305:role playing game 2256: 2216:haptic technology 2205:augmented reality 2201:three-dimensional 2189:screen resolution 2173:computer monitors 2088:A North American 1918:head-mounted unit 1881:Xbox Cloud Gaming 1863:augmented reality 1783:arcade video game 1767:Arcade video game 1669:personal computer 1631:computer hardware 1611: 1610: 1603: 1585: 1488:Arcade video game 1322:Fortnite Creative 1268:full motion video 1258:interactive films 1226:amusement arcades 1160:Sharp Corporation 1101:rather than on a 1067:in 1972, the hit 1053:arcade video game 895:computer game by 844:(1958), an early 809:personal computer 753:interdisciplinary 740:by incorporating 643:augmented reality 591:hardware platform 564:haptic technology 465: 464: 107:Arcade video game 65:First-generation 32:Video Game (song) 16:(Redirected from 13099: 13067: 13059: 13058: 13057: 13050: 13042: 13041: 13040: 13033: 13025: 13024: 13023: 13016: 13008: 13007: 13006: 12999: 12991: 12990: 12989: 12979: 12963: 12962: 12951: 12950: 12949: 12939: 12938: 12937: 12927: 12926: 12915: 12914: 12913: 12906: 12884: 12883: 12786: 12779: 12772: 12763: 12762: 12480: 12473: 12466: 12457: 12456: 12429:Video game clone 12145: 12144: 12141:Related concepts 11948:Vehicular combat 11803: 11802: 11676:Digital tabletop 11656:Interactive film 11616:Grand Theft Auto 11607:Action-adventure 11600: 11557:Platform fighter 11436:Platform fighter 11419: 11418: 11386: 11379: 11372: 11363: 11362: 11233: 11226: 11219: 11210: 11209: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10789: 10788: 10774: 10767: 10760: 10751: 10750: 10725:Video game clone 10441: 10440: 10437:Related concepts 10244:Vehicular combat 10099: 10098: 9972:Digital tabletop 9952:Interactive film 9912:Grand Theft Auto 9903:Action-adventure 9896: 9853:Platform fighter 9732:Platform fighter 9715: 9714: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9659: 9658: 9647:King of the hill 9622:Capture the flag 9505:Persistent world 9473:Instance dungeon 9400:Random encounter 9395:Quick time event 9302:Player character 9261:Experience point 9220: 9213: 9206: 9197: 9196: 9184: 9183: 9114: 9105: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9028: 9005: 8996: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8970:. Archived from 8960: 8955:. Archived from 8947: 8945: 8943: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8902:. Archived from 8889: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8869:. Archived from 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8772:. Archived from 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8658:"About The MADE" 8654: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8486: 8480: 8479: 8461: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8195: 8177: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8136: 8118: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8057: 8022: 8016: 8015: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7983:. Codenet, Inc. 7976: 7970: 7969: 7957: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7864: 7858:. Archived from 7841: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7813: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7631:. Archived from 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7532:. Cinema Blend. 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7242: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7176: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7104: 7098: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7056: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7020: 7011: 7010: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6895: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6792: 6786: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6710: 6704: 6696:, p. 64, Prima, 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6537:. Archived from 6526: 6520: 6519: 6511: 6505: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6467: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6369:. Archived from 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6216:. Archived from 6203: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6028:. Archived from 6018:Parish, Jeremy. 6015: 6009: 6008: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5816: 5810:. Archived from 5777: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5751: 5734: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5376:. 23 August 2019 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5323: 5314: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5245:. Archived from 5233: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5000: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4966: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4898: 4892: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4652: 4641: 4640: 4622: 4613: 4612: 4596: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4566:. Archived from 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4535:. Archived from 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4480:. Archived from 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4415: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4309: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4271: 4251: 4248: 4216: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4115: 3952: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3889: 3865: 3857: 3826:computer science 3790: 3736: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3715:for suggestions. 3711:See Knowledge's 3696: 3695: 3688: 3617:Video Games Live 3607:video game music 3559:television shows 3470:internet culture 3383: 3225: 3204: 3200: 3142:Grand Theft Auto 3113:Berne Convention 3092:Video game clone 3049:Espen J. Aarseth 2985: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2942: 2934: 2849:Video games are 2524:The Oregon Trail 2486:Candy Crush Saga 2257: 2236:Video game genre 2193:text-based games 2161:cathode-ray tube 2118:motion detection 2044:software patches 2001:magnetic storage 1910:headsets in 2017 1839:tablet computers 1761:game controllers 1748:Handheld console 1639:platform holders 1606: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1584: 1543: 1519: 1511: 1469:cheat cartridges 1409:heads-up display 1377:heads-up display 1223: 1206: 1103:teletype printer 1095:electronic games 1023:Magnavox Odyssey 977: 962: 790: 686:Magnavox Odyssey 635:tablet computers 580:in-game chatting 540:handheld devices 528:computer monitor 457: 450: 443: 323:Game of the Year 289:highest-grossing 222:Action-adventure 127:Handheld console 85: 78: 77: 21: 13107: 13106: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13097: 13096: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13060: 13055: 13053: 13043: 13038: 13036: 13026: 13021: 13019: 13009: 13004: 13002: 12998:from Wiktionary 12992: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12978:sister projects 12975:at Knowledge's 12969: 12957: 12947: 12945: 12941:Systems science 12935: 12933: 12921: 12911: 12909: 12901: 12899: 12894: 12893: 12888: 12874: 12796: 12790: 12760: 12751: 12730: 12624: 12553: 12518: 12487: 12484: 12443: 12407: 12398:Twitch gameplay 12323: 12287: 12249: 12136: 12088:Survival horror 12061: 12011:Time management 11973: 11952: 11943:Train simulator 11902: 11867: 11839: 11792: 11730: 11700: 11670: 11627: 11601: 11588: 11528: 11524:Survival horror 11505: 11440: 11408: 11395: 11390: 11353: 11297: 11242: 11237: 11200: 11152: 11089: 11026: 10963: 10900: 10837: 10821: 10816: 10783: 10778: 10748: 10739: 10703: 10694:Twitch gameplay 10619: 10583: 10545: 10432: 10384:Survival horror 10357: 10307:Time management 10269: 10248: 10239:Train simulator 10198: 10163: 10135: 10088: 10026: 9996: 9966: 9923: 9897: 9884: 9824: 9820:Survival horror 9801: 9736: 9704: 9691: 9686: 9656: 9651: 9605: 9552: 9531: 9456: 9306: 9275: 9239: 9230: 9224: 9189: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9135: 9130: 9070: 9068: 9043: 9041: 9025: 8977: 8975: 8941: 8939: 8925: 8923:Further reading 8920: 8919: 8909: 8907: 8890: 8886: 8876: 8874: 8857: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8808: 8804: 8785: 8781: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8706: 8702: 8691: 8687: 8678:. vigamus.com. 8674: 8673: 8669: 8664:on 30 May 2013. 8656: 8655: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8554: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8487: 8483: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8395: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8356: 8354: 8347:The Independent 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8318:. 10 May 2020. 8308: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8291: 8284:The Independent 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8154: 8150: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8026:Green, C. Shawn 8023: 8019: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7977: 7973: 7966: 7948: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7915: 7911: 7901: 7899: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7839: 7833: 7829: 7815: 7814: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7586: 7582: 7572: 7570: 7553: 7549: 7539: 7537: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7498:Financial Times 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7423: 7419: 7388: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7355: 7351: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7268: 7264: 7257: 7243: 7234: 7224: 7222: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7057: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7021: 7014: 6997: 6993: 6983: 6981: 6968: 6967: 6963: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6926:"Genre Trouble" 6924:(21 May 2004). 6919: 6915: 6908: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6833: 6827: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6789: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6744: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6711: 6707: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6527: 6523: 6512: 6508: 6498:Wayback Machine 6485: 6481: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6419: 6415: 6408: 6390: 6386: 6376: 6374: 6359: 6355: 6345: 6343: 6336:CBS Interactive 6322: 6318: 6303: 6299: 6289: 6287: 6279:Financial Times 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6220:on 11 July 2011 6204: 6200: 6195: 6191: 6181: 6179: 6162: 6158: 6142:10.7557/23.6003 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6065: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6016: 6012: 6005: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5886: 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5839:(9 July 2009). 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5775: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5693: 5680: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5651: 5647: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5324: 5317: 5303:Wayback Machine 5291: 5287: 5280: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5165: 5158: 5143: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5025:History Channel 5018: 5017: 5013: 5005: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4899: 4895: 4888: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4857: 4853: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4829: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4774: 4767: 4752: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4653: 4644: 4637: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4381:Winter, David. 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4312: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4272: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4113: 4106: 4100: 4092:Main articles: 4090: 4018:compulsion loop 3977:compulsion loop 3969: 3963: 3953: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3866: 3855: 3777: 3751: 3743:Main articles: 3737: 3726: 3720: 3717: 3710: 3701:This section's 3697: 3693: 3686: 3684:Beneficial uses 3646:The Mandalorian 3576:Rotten Tomatoes 3555: 3547:Main articles: 3513: 3507: 3483:social networks 3455:exhibit at the 3444: 3436:Main articles: 3434: 3429: 3395:and especially 3381: 3370: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3309:streaming media 3289:gaming computer 3236: 3223: 3202: 3198: 3195:crashed in 1983 3183: 3167: 3161: 3094: 3086:Main articles: 3084: 2996: 2986: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2955: 2943: 2932: 2890:quality testing 2856:microprocessors 2824:sound designers 2796: 2790: 2784: 2680:Rabbids Go Home 2671: 2665: 2530:Carmen Sandiego 2467:time management 2430: 2367: 2246: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2224: 2222:Classifications 2197:two-dimensional 2149: 2143: 2134:Digital cameras 2082: 2080:Game controller 2076: 2048:expansion packs 2046:through either 1984: 1946:Virtual Console 1941:virtual machine 1926:motion tracking 1914:Virtual reality 1898:Virtual reality 1893:cloud computing 1885:PlayStation Now 1877:network latency 1731:game controller 1717:is played on a 1685:gaming computer 1633:and associated 1607: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1544: 1542: 1532: 1520: 1509: 1481: 1383:and ammunition. 1351: 1345: 1287:adventure games 1250: 1221: 1209:RePlay Magazine 1204: 1091: 988: 987: 986: 985: 984: 978: 970: 969: 963: 846:analog computer 833: 827: 819:Main articles: 817: 789:US$ 159 billion 788: 736:and increasing 659:target audience 481:electronic game 461: 432: 431: 367: 355: 345: 344: 340:Cancelled games 279: 269: 268: 205: 195: 194: 134:Electronic game 102: 71:console at the 57: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13105: 13095: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13069: 13068: 13051: 13049:from Wikibooks 13034: 13032:from Wikiquote 13017: 13000: 12971: 12968: 12967: 12955: 12943: 12931: 12919: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12889: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12789: 12788: 12781: 12774: 12766: 12757: 12756: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12749: 12744: 12738: 12736: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12728: 12726:United Kingdom 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12641:Czech Republic 12638: 12632: 12630: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12552: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12526: 12524: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12495: 12493: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12482: 12475: 12468: 12460: 12453: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12415: 12413: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12393:Side-scrolling 12390: 12389: 12388: 12383: 12373: 12368: 12361: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12343: 12342: 12331: 12329: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12301: 12295: 12293: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12279: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12240: 12238:Climate change 12235: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12209: 12208: 12196: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12157: 12151: 12149: 12142: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12108: 12107: 12097: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12080: 12075: 12069: 12067: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12055:Grand strategy 12047: 12046: 12045: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11987: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11966: 11960: 11958: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11912: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11900: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11883: 11877: 11875: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11849: 11847: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11811: 11809: 11800: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11784: 11783: 11773: 11771:Monster-taming 11768: 11763: 11758: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11749:Looter shooter 11740: 11738: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11728: 11723: 11716: 11710: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11698: 11693: 11692: 11691: 11680: 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11637: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11611: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11575: 11574: 11561: 11560: 11559: 11549: 11548: 11547: 11545:Hack and slash 11536: 11534: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11515: 11513: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11450: 11448: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11438: 11433: 11431:Endless runner 11427: 11425: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11406: 11400: 11397: 11396: 11389: 11388: 11381: 11374: 11366: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11351: 11346: 11344:Eighth (2012–) 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11305: 11303: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11295: 11290: 11289: 11288: 11283: 11273: 11272: 11271: 11266: 11256: 11250: 11248: 11244: 11243: 11236: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11213: 11206: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11162: 11160: 11154: 11153: 11151: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11099: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11036: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10973: 10971: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10910: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10847: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10822: 10815: 10814: 10807: 10800: 10792: 10785: 10784: 10777: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10754: 10745: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10689:Side-scrolling 10686: 10685: 10684: 10679: 10669: 10664: 10657: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10597: 10591: 10589: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10576: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10553: 10551: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10534:Climate change 10531: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10492: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10438: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10404: 10403: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10376: 10371: 10365: 10363: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10351:Grand strategy 10343: 10342: 10341: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10283: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10256: 10254: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10208: 10206: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10179: 10173: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10145: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10107: 10105: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10086: 10081: 10080: 10079: 10069: 10067:Monster-taming 10064: 10059: 10054: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10045:Looter shooter 10036: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10019: 10012: 10006: 10004: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9976: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9907: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9857: 9856: 9855: 9845: 9844: 9843: 9841:Hack and slash 9832: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9811: 9809: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9746: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9727:Endless runner 9723: 9721: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9685: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9662: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9560: 9558: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9543:Rocket jumping 9539: 9537: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9518: 9517: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9365:Loading screen 9362: 9357: 9352: 9350:Invisible wall 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9316: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9223: 9222: 9215: 9208: 9200: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9174: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133:External links 9131: 9129: 9128: 9115: 9106: 9088:(4): 395–417. 9077: 9050: 9029: 9023: 9006: 8997: 8984: 8974:on 2 July 2015 8961: 8948: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8906:on 4 June 2013 8884: 8873:on 4 June 2013 8851: 8825: 8802: 8779: 8757: 8746:on 27 May 2013 8731: 8700: 8697:. p. 329. 8685: 8667: 8649: 8623: 8605: 8587: 8565: 8558:. nvmusa.org. 8547: 8514: 8481: 8444:(3): 785–794. 8422: 8389: 8364: 8333: 8301: 8270: 8237: 8207: 8162:Brain Sciences 8148: 8089: 8017: 7998: 7971: 7964: 7942: 7909: 7876: 7827: 7803: 7772: 7739: 7712: 7679: 7646: 7613: 7580: 7547: 7516: 7483: 7450: 7417: 7382: 7349: 7338:(3): 141–157. 7320: 7287: 7280: 7262: 7255: 7232: 7199: 7162: 7131: 7099: 7082: 7048: 7012: 6991: 6961: 6943: 6913: 6906: 6877: 6846:(7): 671–689. 6818: 6787: 6771: 6738: 6705: 6688:Kent, Steve L. 6680: 6649: 6618: 6585: 6552: 6521: 6506: 6479: 6454: 6447: 6413: 6407:978-3319406121 6406: 6384: 6353: 6316: 6297: 6264: 6231: 6198: 6189: 6156: 6135:(2): 149–176. 6115: 6082: 6064:978-1584506072 6063: 6043: 6010: 6004:978-0786441976 6003: 5981: 5962: 5942: 5923: 5903: 5885:978-0313338687 5884: 5864: 5846:Game Developer 5828: 5763: 5741: 5718: 5674: 5660: 5645: 5630: 5597: 5570: 5551: 5531: 5500: 5494:978-0073381244 5493: 5471: 5447: 5430: 5409: 5398:. 25 July 2013 5387: 5365: 5347:Dictionary.com 5333: 5315: 5285: 5278: 5260: 5249:on 22 May 2011 5225: 5192: 5156: 5137: 5104: 5097: 5075: 5043: 5011: 4994:Squire, Kurt. 4986: 4957:(2): 207–221. 4937: 4912: 4893: 4882: 4851: 4834: 4828:978-4990251215 4827: 4803: 4765: 4750: 4728: 4717:. 15 June 2017 4702: 4676: 4669: 4642: 4636:978-0313338687 4635: 4614: 4608:978-0985597405 4607: 4581: 4564:Game Developer 4550: 4517: 4487: 4464: 4429: 4422: 4400: 4385:. PONG-Story. 4373: 4343: 4328:. Pong-Story. 4310: 4297: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4201: 4198: 4089: 4086: 3959:Main article: 3955: 3954: 3869: 3867: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3739: 3738: 3700: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3509:Main article: 3506: 3503: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3413:In South Korea 3389:handheld games 3359: 3356: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3318: 3312: 3298: 3292: 3276: 3268: 3254: 3240:network effect 3235: 3234:Industry roles 3232: 3182: 3179: 3163:Main article: 3160: 3157: 3100:, though both 3083: 3080: 3064:film theorists 2992:Main article: 2988: 2987: 2946: 2944: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2870:physics engine 2786:Main article: 2783: 2780: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2724: 2718: 2688:content rating 2667:Main article: 2664: 2663:Content rating 2661: 2660: 2659: 2629: 2626: 2561: 2558: 2503: 2500: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2429: 2426: 2366: 2363: 2335:from the film 2286:horror fiction 2234:Main article: 2231: 2228: 2223: 2220: 2203:graphics, and 2145:Main article: 2142: 2139: 2078:Main article: 2075: 2072: 1997:ROM cartridges 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1956: 1953: 1933: 1930: 1920:that provides 1908:PlayStation VR 1899: 1896: 1869: 1866: 1855:accelerometers 1831: 1828: 1813:cross-platform 1801: 1798: 1768: 1765: 1749: 1746: 1723:television set 1695: 1692: 1662: 1609: 1608: 1523: 1521: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1480: 1477: 1405:user interface 1397:scoring points 1344: 1341: 1331:which created 1249: 1246: 1185:Computer Space 1152:television set 1090: 1087: 1048:Computer Space 1043:arcade cabinet 1027:Nolan Bushnell 981:Nolan Bushnell 979: 972: 971: 964: 957: 956: 955: 954: 953: 937:Tennis for Two 906:Tennis for Two 841:Tennis for Two 816: 813: 793:music industry 680:and the first 671:Computer Space 627:mobile devices 566:that provides 524:television set 516:display device 505:motion sensing 485:user interface 463: 462: 460: 459: 452: 445: 437: 434: 433: 430: 429: 424: 419: 414: 413: 412: 407: 397: 396: 395: 385: 384: 383: 378: 373: 362: 356: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 337: 332: 331: 330: 325: 315: 310: 305: 304: 303: 293: 292: 291: 280: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 261: 260: 259: 254: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 218: 217: 206: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 187: 186: 185: 180: 170: 165: 164: 163: 158: 148: 147: 146: 141: 131: 130: 129: 124: 119: 109: 103: 98: 97: 94: 93: 87: 86: 36:The Video Game 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13104: 13093: 13092:Digital media 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13077: 13066:from Wikidata 13065: 13064: 13052: 13048: 13047: 13035: 13031: 13030: 13018: 13014: 13013: 13001: 12997: 12996: 12984: 12983: 12980: 12974: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12954: 12944: 12942: 12932: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12918: 12908: 12907: 12904: 12887: 12877: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12799: 12794: 12787: 12782: 12780: 12775: 12773: 12768: 12767: 12764: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12627: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12556: 12550: 12549:United States 12547: 12545: 12542: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12530:Latin America 12528: 12527: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12490: 12481: 12476: 12474: 12469: 12467: 12462: 12461: 12458: 12454: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12410: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12378: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12366: 12362: 12360: 12359: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12341: 12338: 12337: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12326: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12283:Single-player 12281: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12207: 12206: 12202: 12201: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12194: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12162: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12139: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12064: 12056: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12048: 12044: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12028:Tower defense 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11980: 11970: 11969:Immersive sim 11967: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11955: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11858:City-building 11856: 11854: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11789: 11786: 11782: 11779: 11778: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11761:Dungeon crawl 11759: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11746: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11737: 11733: 11727: 11726:Tile-matching 11724: 11722: 11721: 11717: 11715: 11714:Hidden object 11712: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11703: 11697: 11694: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11685: 11684:Deck-building 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11673: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11630: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11599: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11573: 11571: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11546: 11543: 11542: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11519:Battle royale 11517: 11516: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11394: 11387: 11382: 11380: 11375: 11373: 11368: 11367: 11364: 11360: 11350: 11349:Ninth (2020–) 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11300: 11294: 11291: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11281:Crash of 1983 11279: 11278: 11277: 11274: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11234: 11229: 11227: 11222: 11220: 11215: 11214: 11211: 11207: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11098: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11029: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10903: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10844: 10840: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826:Early history 10824: 10820: 10813: 10808: 10806: 10801: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10770: 10768: 10763: 10761: 10756: 10755: 10752: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10658: 10656: 10655: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10634: 10633: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10580: 10579:Single-player 10577: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10502: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10458: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10435: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10344: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10324:Tower defense 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10265:Immersive sim 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10251: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10154:City-building 10152: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10138: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10057:Dungeon crawl 10055: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10041: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10023: 10022:Tile-matching 10020: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10011: 10010:Hidden object 10008: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9980:Deck-building 9978: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9926: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9900: 9895: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9862: 9861: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9846: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9815:Battle royale 9813: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9683: 9678: 9676: 9671: 9669: 9664: 9663: 9660: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9637:New Game Plus 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9596:Single-player 9594: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557:Forms of play 9555: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9435:Tank controls 9433: 9431: 9430:Status effect 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9360:Line of sight 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9330:Dialogue tree 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9221: 9216: 9214: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9192: 9185: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9078: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9039: 9035: 9030: 9026: 9020: 9016: 9015:The MIT Press 9012: 9007: 9003: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8985: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8949: 8937: 8934:. Slate.com. 8933: 8928: 8927: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8888: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8855: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8806: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8783: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8761: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8637: 8633: 8627: 8619: 8615: 8609: 8601: 8597: 8591: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8525: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8485: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8400: 8393: 8378: 8374: 8368: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8305: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8274: 8258: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8203: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8144: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8093: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8021: 8013: 8009: 8008:CQ Researcher 8002: 7986: 7982: 7975: 7967: 7961: 7956: 7955: 7946: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7880: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7838: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7760: 7756: 7755: 7750: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7716: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7683: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7650: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7617: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7584: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7551: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7487: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7438: 7434: 7433: 7428: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7370: 7366: 7365: 7364:PBS News Hour 7360: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7324: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7291: 7283: 7281:0-07-222428-2 7277: 7273: 7266: 7258: 7252: 7248: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7220: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7203: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7103: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7053: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7017: 7008: 7004: 7003: 6995: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6947: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6909: 6903: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6887: 6886:Murray, Janet 6881: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6832: 6825: 6823: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6702:0-7615-3643-4 6699: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6589: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6556: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6458: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6409: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6357: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6301: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6268: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6235: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6202: 6193: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6047: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5907: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5868: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5837:Adams, Ernest 5832: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5748: 5744: 5742:9781430313052 5738: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5713: 5707: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5656: 5649: 5641: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5601: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5535: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5457: 5451: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5397: 5391: 5375: 5369: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5329: 5322: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5230: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5163: 5161: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5098:9781135205188 5094: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4886: 4870: 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4054: 4049: 4048:Jack Thompson 4045: 4044: 4043:Mortal Kombat 4039: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3962: 3951: 3948: 3940: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3898: – 3897: 3893: 3892:Find sources: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3870:This section 3868: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3853:Controversies 3850: 3847: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3830:Regan Mandryk 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3810:mental health 3807: 3803: 3795: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3735: 3732: 3724: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3699: 3690: 3689: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3633:Unreal Engine 3630: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593:Mortal Kombat 3589: 3588: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3393:console games 3390: 3385: 3382:$ 159 billion 3374: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3350: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3265:iOS App Store 3262: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3203:$ 100 million 3196: 3192: 3188: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2984: 2981: 2973: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2947:This section 2945: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2828:game designer 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709:Supreme Court 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2681: 2675: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587:fitness games 2584: 2579: 2578:serious games 2572: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2560:Serious games 2559: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463:hidden object 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347:the 1993 game 2344: 2340: 2339: 2338:Battle Royale 2334: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2266:platform game 2263: 2262: 2243: 2237: 2227: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2148: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122:racing wheels 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106:analog sticks 2103: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:optical media 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1967:PlayStation 1 1964: 1963:PlayStation 2 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851:mobile gaming 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795:video arcades 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1704:PlayStation 2 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:online gaming 1678: 1674: 1673:video monitor 1670: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1602: 1594: 1591:November 2022 1583: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: – 1551: 1547: 1546:Find sources: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1524:This section 1522: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1504: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451:which may be 1450: 1446: 1445:software bugs 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399:, collecting 1398: 1394: 1390: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1317:iOS App Store 1314: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1297:empathy games 1294: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1263:Dragon's Lair 1259: 1254: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1236:machines and 1235: 1231: 1227: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1190:Vending Times 1186: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:console games 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1107:audio speaker 1104: 1100: 1099:video display 1096: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1006:Ralph H. Baer 1000: 996: 992: 982: 976: 967: 966:Ralph H. Baer 961: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925:Steve Russell 922: 919:, written by 918: 917: 913:in 1958; and 912: 908: 907: 902: 898: 894: 890: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 863: 859: 852:for a display 851: 847: 843: 842: 837: 832: 826: 822: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 797:film industry 794: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 743: 739: 735: 734:casual gaming 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678: 673: 672: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:mobile gaming 620: 616: 615:browser games 612: 608: 604: 600: 599:console games 596: 592: 587: 585: 584:livestreaming 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 473:computer game 470: 458: 453: 451: 446: 444: 439: 438: 436: 435: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 357: 354: 349: 348: 341: 338: 336: 333: 329: 326: 324: 321: 320: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 302: 299: 298: 297: 294: 290: 287: 286: 285: 282: 281: 278: 273: 272: 265: 262: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 204: 199: 198: 191: 188: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 169: 166: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 152: 149: 145: 142: 140: 137: 136: 135: 132: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 101: 96: 95: 92: 89: 88: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 63: 59: 55: 51: 44: 37: 33: 19: 13061: 13044: 13027: 13015:from Commons 13010: 12993: 12972: 12869: 12835:Role-playing 12514:South Africa 12424:Toys-to-life 12364: 12357: 12309: 12254:Player modes 12218:Personalized 12203: 12192: 12160: 12066:Other genres 11996:Auto battler 11964:Falling-sand 11926:Lunar Lander 11736:Role-playing 11719: 11661:Visual novel 11623:Metroidvania 11615: 11569: 11501:Third-person 11474:Shoot 'em up 11459:First-person 10720:Toys-to-life 10660: 10653: 10605: 10550:Player modes 10514:Personalized 10499: 10488: 10456: 10362:Other genres 10292:Auto battler 10260:Falling-sand 10222:Lunar Lander 10032:Role-playing 10015: 9957:Visual novel 9919:Metroidvania 9911: 9865: 9797:Third-person 9770:Shoot 'em up 9755:First-person 9601:Speedrunning 9405:Replay value 9271:Critical hit 9226: 9171: 9143: 9117: 9110: 9085: 9081: 9069:. Retrieved 9063:. Gamespot. 9058: 9042:. Retrieved 9010: 9001: 8993:the original 8976:. Retrieved 8972:the original 8966: 8957:the original 8940:. Retrieved 8908:. Retrieved 8904:the original 8897: 8887: 8875:. Retrieved 8871:the original 8864: 8854: 8842:. Retrieved 8828: 8805: 8782: 8774:the original 8769: 8760: 8748:. Retrieved 8744:the original 8734: 8722:. Retrieved 8713: 8703: 8694: 8688: 8670: 8662:the original 8652: 8640:. Retrieved 8636:the original 8626: 8616:. 15kop.ru. 8608: 8590: 8578:Fox4news.com 8577: 8568: 8550: 8538:. Retrieved 8527: 8517: 8505:. Retrieved 8494: 8484: 8441: 8435: 8425: 8413:. Retrieved 8402: 8392: 8380:. Retrieved 8376: 8367: 8355:. Retrieved 8346: 8336: 8324:. Retrieved 8313: 8304: 8292:. Retrieved 8283: 8273: 8261:. Retrieved 8252:The Guardian 8250: 8240: 8228:. Retrieved 8219: 8210: 8165: 8161: 8151: 8106: 8102: 8092: 8082:13 September 8080:. Retrieved 8037: 8033: 8020: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7989:. Retrieved 7974: 7953: 7945: 7933:. 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