Deception - Knowledge

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communication one is using is true or not. This can lead to falsehoods since communication isn't occurring face-to-face, making it difficult to perceive the words of other people. Online Disinhibition typically occurs on social media such as group chats or online games. Although not always, people are able to portray themselves as a different person than reality because of the lack of face-to face communication which allows them to fit in with a specific group they wish to be a part of. As technology continues to expand, deception online is common to see. Digital deception is widely used within different forms of technology to misrepresent someone or something. Through digital deception, people are easily capable of deceiving others whether it be for their own benefit or to ensure their safety. One form of digital deception is catfishing. By creating a false identity catfishers deceive those online to build relationships, friendships, or connections without revealing who they truly are as a person. They do so by creating an entirely new account that has made up information allowing them to portray themselves as a different person. Most lies and misinformation are spread commonly through emails and

595:(anxious or avoidant) are more likely to cheat compared to individuals with a secure attachment style, especially for avoidant men and anxious women. Insecure attachment styles are characterized by a lack of comfort within a romantic relationship resulting in a desire to be overly independent (avoidant attachment style) or a desire to be overly dependent on their partner in an unhealthy way (anxious attachment style). Those with an insecure attachment style are characterized by not believing that their romantic partner can/will support and comfort them in an effective way, either stemming from a negative belief regarding themselves (anxious attachment style) or a negative belief regarding romantic others (avoidant attachment style). Women are more likely to commit infidelity when they are emotionally unsatisfied with their relationship whereas men are more likely to commit infidelity if they are sexually unsatisfied with their current relationship. Women are more likely to commit emotional infidelity than men while men are more likely to commit sexual infidelity than women; however, these are not mutually exclusive categories as both men and women can and do engage in emotional or sexual infidelity. 858:

research context (where they would not feel they were being scrutinized). For example, if a psychologist is interested in learning the conditions under which students cheat on tests, directly asking them, "how often do you cheat?," might result in a high percent of "socially desirable" answers and the researcher would, in any case, be unable to verify the accuracy of these responses. In general, then, when it is unfeasible or naive to simply ask people directly why or how often they do what they do, researchers turn to the use of deception to distract their participants from the true behavior of interest. So, for example, in a study of cheating, the participants may be told that the study has to do with how intuitive they are. During the process, they might be given the opportunity to look at (secretly, they think) another participant's answers before handing in their own. At the conclusion of this or any research involving deception, all participants must be told of the true nature of the study and why deception was necessary (this is called debriefing). Moreover, it is customary to offer to provide a summary of the results to all participants at the conclusion of the research.

612:(more likely to partake in casual sex) are more likely to engage in infidelity. Individuals that have personality traits including (high) neuroticism, (low) agreeableness, and (low) conscientiousness are more likely to commit infidelity. Men are generally speculated to cheat more than women, but it is unclear if this is a result of socialization processes where it is more acceptable for men to cheat compared to women or due to an actual increase in this behavior for men. Research conducted by Conley and colleagues (2011) suggests that the reasoning behind these gender differences stems from the negative stigma associated with women who engage in casual sex and inferences about the sexual capability of the potential sexual partner. In their study, men and women were equally likely to accept a sexual proposal from an individual who was speculated to have a high level of sexual prowess. Additionally, women were just as likely as men to accept a casual sexual proposal when they did not anticipate being subjected to the negative stigma of sexually permissible women as slutty. 556:

result in feelings of distress for the deceiver, which become worse the longer the deceiver has known the deceived, as well as in longer-term relationships. Once discovered, deception creates feelings of detachment and uneasiness surrounding the relationship for both partners; this can eventually lead to both partners becoming more removed from the relationship or deterioration of the relationship. In general, discovery of deception can result in a decrease in relationship satisfaction and commitment level, however, in instances where a person is successfully deceived, relationship satisfaction can actually be positively impacted for the person deceived, since lies are typically used to make the other partner feel more positive about the relationship.

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suspicious of the researcher, they are unlikely to behave as they normally would, and the researcher's control of the experiment is then compromised (p. 807). Those who do not object to the use of deception note that there is always a constant struggle in balancing "the need for conducting research that may solve social problems and the necessity for preserving the dignity and rights of the research participant" (Christensen, 1988, p. 670). They also note that, in some cases, using deception is the only way to obtain certain kinds of information, and that prohibiting all deception in research would "have the egregious consequence of preventing researchers from carrying out a wide range of important studies" (Kimmel, 1998, p. 805).

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that men were more likely to lie about height while women were more likely to lie about weight. In a study conducted by Toma and Hancock, "less attractive people were found to be more likely to have chosen a profile picture in which they were significantly more attractive than they were in everyday life". Both genders used this strategy in online dating profiles, but women more so than men. Additionally, less attractive people were more likely to have "lied about objective measures of physical attractiveness such as height and weight". In general, men are more likely to lie on dating profiles the one exception being that women are more likely to lie about weight.

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producing "nonimmediacy cues" These can be verbal or physical, including speaking in more indirect ways and showing an inability to maintain eye contact with their conversation partners. Another cue for detecting deceptive speech is the tone of the speech itself. Streeter, Krauss, Geller, Olson, and Apple (1977) have assessed that fear and anger, two emotions widely associated with deception, cause greater arousal than grief or indifference, and note that the amount of stress one feels is directly related to the frequency of the voice.

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deception "reported having enjoyed the experience more and perceived more educational benefit" than those who participated in non-deceptive experiments (p. 668). Lastly, it has also been suggested that an unpleasant treatment used in a deception study or the unpleasant implications of the outcome of a deception study may be the underlying reason that a study using deception is perceived as unethical in nature, rather than the actual deception itself (Broder, 1998, p. 806; Christensen, 1988, p. 671).

173: 200:" may be misleading, as it leads the receiver to believe sunflower oil will benefit brain health more so than other foods. In fact, sunflower oil is relatively low in omega-3 fatty acids and is not particularly good for brain health, so while this claim is technically true, it leads the receiver to infer false information. Deception itself is intentionally managing verbal or nonverbal messages so that the message receiver will believe in a way that the message sender knows is false. 353: 3112: 948: 3138: 866:. Those against deception object to the ethical and methodological issues involved in its use. Dresser (1981) notes that, ethically, researchers are only to use subjects in an experiment after the subject has given informed consent. However, because of its very nature, a researcher conducting a deception experiment cannot reveal its true purpose to the subject, thereby making any consent given by a subject misinformed (p. 3). 512:, to avoid worrying the partner, and to protect the partner's relationship with a third party. Partner-focused motivated deception can sometimes be viewed as socially polite and relationally beneficial, such as telling white lies to avoid hurting your partner. Although other, less common, partner-focused motives such as using to deception to evoke jealous reactions from their partner may have damaging effects on a relationship. 3126: 38: 538:, or resolve an argument. Another common self-focused motive for deception, is a continuation of deception in order to avoid being caught in a previous deception. Self-focused deception is generally perceived as a more serious transgression than partner-focused deception, because the deceiver is acting for selfish reasons rather than for the good of the partner or relationship. 1013:

has found that there are some cues that may be correlated with deceptive communication, but scholars frequently disagree about the effectiveness of many of these cues to serve as reliable indicators. A cross cultural study conducted to analyze human behavior and deception concluded detecting deception often has to do with the judgements of a person and how they interpret

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proposes that deception is detected at the cognitive level. Lying requires deliberate conscious behavior, so listening to speech and watching body language are important factors in detecting lies. If a response to a question has a lot disturbances, less talking time, repeated words, and poor logical

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Additionally, findings suggest that deception is not harmful to subjects. Christensen's (1988) review of the literature found "that research participants do not perceive that they are harmed and do not seem to mind being misled" (p. 668). Furthermore, those participating in experiments involving

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that occurs when a person makes a factual misrepresentation, knowing that it is false (or having no belief in its truth and being reckless as to whether it is true) and intending it to be relied on by the recipient, and the recipient acts to his or her detriment in reliance on it. Deceit may also be

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People who negotiate feel more tempted to use deceit. In negotiation, it includes both parties to trust and respect one another. In negotiations, one party is unaware of what is going on in the other side of the thing that needs to be negotiated. Deception in negotiation comes in many forms, and each

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of expectations. Most people expect friends, relational partners, and even strangers to be truthful most of the time. If people expected most conversations to be untruthful, talking and communicating with others would require distraction and misdirection to acquire reliable information. A significant

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Double bluffing is a deceptive scenario, in which the deceiver tells truth to a person about some subject, but makes the person think that the deceiver is lying. In poker, the term double bluff refers to a situation in which the deceiving player is trying to bluff with bad cards, then gets re-raised

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From a practical perspective, there are also methodological objections to deception. Ortmann and Hertwig (1998) note that "deception can strongly affect the reputation of individual labs and the profession, thus contaminating the participant pool" (p. 806). If the subjects in the experiment are

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Research on the use of deception in online dating has shown that people are generally truthful about themselves with the exception of physical attributes to appear more attractive. According to the Scientific American, "nine out of ten online daters will fib about their height, weight, or age" such

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In general, deception tends to occur less often in relationships with higher satisfaction and commitment levels and in relationships where partners have known each other longer, such as long-term relationships and marriage. In comparison, deception is more likely to occur in casual relationships and

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information to depart from the truth, and a receiver, who attempts to establish the validity of the message. A deceiver's actions are interrelated to the message receiver's actions. It is during this exchange that the deceiver will reveal verbal and nonverbal information about deceit. Some research

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Deception is a common topic in religious discussions. Some sources focus on how religious texts deal with deception. But, other sources focus on the deceptions created by the religions themselves. For example, Ryan McKnight is the founder of an organization called FaithLeaks. He stated that the

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that allows for individuals to monitor and control their behavior through thinking about and managing their actions. The level of executive control that an individual possesses is impacted by development and experience and can be improved through training and practice. Those individuals that show a

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Deception impacts the perception of a relationship in a variety of ways, for both the deceiver and the deceived. The deceiver typically perceives less understanding and intimacy from the relationship, in that they see their partner as less empathetic and more distant. The act of deception can also

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Deception includes several types of communications or omissions that serve to distort or omit the whole truth. Examples of deception range from false statements to misleading claims in which relevant information is omitted, leading the receiver to infer false conclusions. For example, a claim that

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Fear specifically causes heightened arousal in liars, which manifests in more frequent blinking, pupil dilation, speech disturbances, and a higher pitched voice. The liars that experience guilt have been shown to make attempts at putting distance between themselves and the deceptive communication,

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Psychological research often needs to deceive the subjects as to its actual purpose. The rationale for such deception is that humans are sensitive to how they appear to others (and to themselves) and this self-consciousness might interfere with or distort from how they actually behave outside of a

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like radios and magazines, deceiving messages can be spread online. With the Online Disinhibition Theory, a person may not feel the need to censor their communication because of the online environment. This often occurs due to the idea that on the internet, no one can physically know whether the

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is an Islamic juridical term for the cases in which a Muslim is allowed to lie under the circumstance when need to deny their faith due to force or when faced with persecution. The concept mainly followed by Shi'ite sect, but it varies "significantly among Islamic sects, scholars, countries, and

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is the act of convincing one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the message has a tendency to believe it (although it's not always the case). It is often done for personal gain or advantage. Deception can involve

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in 1963 the researchers told participants that they would be participating in a scientific study of memory and learning. In reality the study looked at the participants' willingness to obey commands, even when that involved inflicting pain upon another person. After the study, the subjects were

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Using deception to limit relationship harm by avoiding conflict or relational trauma. Relationally motivated deception can be beneficial to a relationship, and other times it can be harmful by further complicating matters. Deception may also be used to facilitate the dissolution of an unwanted

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or something else more tempting to divert attention away from the object being concealed. For example, a security company publicly announces that it will ship a large gold shipment down one route, while in reality taking a different route. A military unit trying to maneuver out of a dangerous

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One's personality can influence these judgements also as some people are more confident in deceiving compared to others. Noted deception scholar Aldert Vrij even states that there is no nonverbal behavior that is uniquely associated with deception. As previously stated, a specific behavioral

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Deception detection is extremely difficult unless it's a blatant or obvious lie or contradicts something the other knows to be true. While it is difficult to deceive a person over a long period of time, deception often occurs in day-to-day conversations between relational partners. Detecting

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indicator of deception does not exist. There are, however, some nonverbal behaviors that have been found to be correlated with deception. Vrij found that examining a "cluster" of these cues was a significantly more reliable indicator of deception than examining a single cue.

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higher level of executive control can more easily influence/control their thoughts and behaviors in relation to potential threats to an ongoing relationship which can result in paying less attention to threats to the current relationship (other potential romantic mates).

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DeWall, C. N.; Lambert, N. M.; Slotter, E. B.; Pond, R. S. Jr.; Deckman, T.; Finkel, E. J.; Luchies, L. B.; Fincham, F. D. (2011). "So Far Away From One's Partner, Yet So Close to Romantic Alternatives: Avoidant Attachment, Interest in Alternatives, and Infidelity".

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a civil rights march) to active deception (i.e. falsely identifying oneself over the telephone, getting hired as a worker at a mental hospital). Paul Bran says that the journalist does not stand apart from the rest of the populace in the use of deception.

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state. Deception, however, places a significant cognitive load on the deceiver. He or she must recall previous statements so that his or her story remains consistent and believable. As a result, deceivers often leak important information both verbally and

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since these messages are erased faster. Without face to face communication, it could be easier to deceive others, making it difficult to detect the truth from a lie. These unreliable cues allow digital deception to easily influence and mislead

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of a physical object often works by breaking up the visual boundary of that object. This usually involves colouring the camouflaged object with the same colours as the background against which the object will be hidden. In the realm of deceptive

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Unique to exclusive romantic relationships is the use of deception in the form of infidelity. When it comes to the occurrence of infidelity, there are many individual difference factors that can impact this behavior. Infidelity is impacted by

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is concerned with how freely individuals partake in casual sex outside of a committed relationship and their beliefs regarding how necessary it is to be in love in order to engage in sex with someone. Individuals with a less restrictive

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planes into thinking a large armor unit was on the move in one area while the real tanks were well hidden and on the move in a location far from the fabricated "dummy" tanks. Mock airplanes and fake airfields have also been created.

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Conley, T. D.; Moors, A. C.; Matsick, J. L.; Ziegler, A.; Valentine, B. A. (2011). "Women, men, and the bedroom: Methodological and conceptual insights that narrow, reframe, and eliminate gender differences in sexuality".

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In a more abstract sense, 'disguise' may refer to the act of disguising the nature of a particular proposal in order to hide an unpopular motivation or effect associated with that proposal. This is a form of political

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Though commonly used and allowed by the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, there has been debate about whether or not the use of deception should be permitted in psychological research

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Mariuma, Yarden. "Taqiyya as Polemic, Law and Knowledge: Following an Islamic Legal Term through the Worlds of Islamic Scholars, Ethnographers, Polemicists and Military Men." The Muslim World 104.1–2 (2014):

272:(copying another model or example, such as non-poisonous snakes which have the colours and markings of poisonous snakes), fabrication (making up a new model), and distraction (offering an alternative model) 6933: 2799:

Bassett, Rodney L.; Basinger, David; & Livermore, Paul. (1992, December). Lying in the Laboratory: Deception in Human Research from a Psychological, Philosophical, and Theological Perspectives.

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said, "He who deceives is not of me (is not my follower)". However, there are some exceptions, especially in case of war or peace making or in case of safeguarding one's faith. For an example,

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Omitting relevance: Not stating something that is helpful to know, for example, a car can be like new but it does not help if you leave out the part that there is a transmission issue.

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Sheets, V. L.; Fredendall, L. L.; Claypool, H. M. (1997). "Jealousy evocation, partner reassurance, and relationship stability: An exploration of the potential benefits of jealousy".

874:, argues that deception experiments inappropriately take advantage of the implicit trust and obedience given by the subject when the subject volunteers to participate (p. 421). 716:

The use of deception by a government is typically frowned upon unless it's in reference to military operations. These terms refer to the means by which governments employ deception:

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Deception is particularly common within romantic relationships, with more than 90% of individuals admitting to lying or not being completely honest with their partner at one time.

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To make something that appears to be something that it is not, usually for the purpose of encouraging an adversary to reveal, endanger, or divert that adversary's own resources (

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Braun, Paul (January 1988). "Deception in journalism: 1987 Undergraduate Division Winner of the Carol Burnett/University of Hawaii/AEJMC Student Papers in Journalism Ethics".

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Deception occurs not only in real life, but also online. Through mediated communication, a type of communication exchanged through online platforms such as social media and

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informed of the true nature of the study, and steps were taken in order to ensure that the subjects left in a state of well-being. Use of deception raises many problems of

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Barta, W. D.; Kiene, S. M. (2005). "Motivations for infidelity in heterosexual dating couples: The roles of gender, personality differences, and sociosexual orientation".

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arguments, which purport to put into question our knowledge of reality. The punch of the argument is that all we know might be wrong, since we might be deceived.

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Pronk, T. M.; Karremans, J. C.; Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2011). "How can you resist? Executive control helps romantically involved individuals to stay faithful".

5353: 3545: 5303: 894:, involve deception. The researchers purposely mislead or misinform the participants about the true nature of the experiment. In an experiment conducted by 4414: 1486:

Lemay, E. P.; Bechis, M. A.; Martin, J.; Neal, A. M.; Coyne, C. (2013). "Concealing negative evaluations of a romantic partner's physical attractiveness".

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by the opponent, and then re-raises again in the hopes that the enemy player folds. This strategy works best on opponents who easily fold under pressure.

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Many people believe that they are good at deception, though this confidence is often misplaced. Deception detection can decrease with increased empathy.

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Boon, S. D.; McLeod, B. A. (2001). "Deception in Romantic Relationships: Subjective Estimates of Success at Deceiving and Attitudes toward Deception".

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A disguise is an appearance to create the impression of being somebody or something else; for a well-known person this is also called incognito.

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Buller and Burgoon (1996) have proposed three taxonomies to distinguish motivations for deception based on their Interpersonal Deception Theory:

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painting schemes to confuse observers regarding a naval vessel's speed and heading, by breaking up the ship's otherwise obvious silhouette.

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Guerrero, L., Anderson, P., Afifi, W. (2007). Close Encounters: Communication in Relationships (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

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Simpson, J. A.; Gangestad, S. W. (1991). "Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity".

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structure, then the person may be lying. Vocal cues such as frequency height and variation may also provide meaningful clues to deceit.

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organizations "goal is to reduce the amount of deception and untruths and unethical behaviors that exist in some facets of religion".

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Rockwell, P. A.; Buller, D. B.; Burgoon, J. K. (1997). "Measurement of deceptive voices: Comparing acoustic and perceptual data".

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deception is difficult because there are no known completely reliable indicators of deception and because people often reply on a

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explores the interrelation between communicative context and sender and receiver cognitions and behaviors in deceptive exchanges.

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Deception and its detection is a complex, fluid, and cognitive process that is based on the context of the message exchange. The

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Fabrication of facts: This is the most immoral part, where the person lies about materials, misleading information to get a sale.

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deception by similarity to another organism, or to a natural object. Animals for example may deceive predators or prey by

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Frank, M. G.; O'Sullivan, M.; Menasco, M. A. (2009). "Human Behavior and Deception Detection". In Voeller, J. G. (ed.).

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Streeter, L. A.; Krauss, R. M.; Geller, V.; Olson, C.; Apple, W. (1977). "Pitch changes during attempted deception".

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Guthrie, J.; Kunkel, A. (2013). "Tell me sweet (and not-so-sweet) little lies: Deception in romantic relationships".

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Baumrind, D. (1964). Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram's "Behavioral Study of Obedience."

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dissimulation, propaganda and sleight of hand as well as distraction, camouflage or concealment. There is also

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posits that interpersonal deception is a dynamic, iterative process of mutual influence between a sender, who

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involves more than mere dress and can include hiding one's real manner of speech. The fictional detective

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is critical with regard to deception. Intent differentiates between deception and an honest mistake. The

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or fake retreat, to make the enemy think they are doing one thing while in fact they have another goal.

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Taqīyah is the precautionary dissimulation of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution.

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Ziano, I., & Wang, D. (2021). Slow lies: Response delays promote perceptions of insincerity.

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Cole, T. (2001). "Lying to the one you love: The use of deceptions in romantic relationships".

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Using deception to avoid hurting the partner, to help the partner to enhance or maintain their

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Simulation consists of exhibiting false information. There are three simulation techniques:

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Christensen, L (1988). "Deception in psychological research: When is its use justified?".

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DePaulo, B. M.; Kashy, D. A. (1998). "Everyday lies in close and casual relationships".

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The Moral Animal: Why We Are the Way We Are: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

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Ortmann, A. & Hertwig, R. (1998). "The question remains: Is deception acceptable?"

2899: 2727: 2682: 2599: 2566: 2284: 2104: 1963: 1841: 1793: 1758: 1739: 1653: 1606: 1568: 1468: 1430: 1386: 1315: 1311: 1106: 1061: 871: 810: 479: 449: 380: 197: 6634: 6341: 2709: 2354: 2077:"Fifty Shades of Deception: Characteristics and Consequences of Lying in Negotiations" 1526: 729:– in the fortification of communications and in the fortified concealing of documents. 7743: 7693: 7500: 7435: 7341: 7326: 6705: 6675: 6263: 6121: 6052: 5784: 4681: 4515: 4317: 3999: 3480: 3460: 3428: 3309: 3287: 3242: 3210: 3045: 2988: 2957: 2918: 2903: 2861: 2845: 2824: 2770: 2713: 2686: 2645: 2604: 2586: 2276: 2216: 2108: 2096: 1967: 1924: 1886: 1833: 1798: 1763: 1743: 1697: 1692: 1675: 1645: 1610: 1560: 1472: 1340: 1319: 1275: 1169: 1126: 936: 821:

Deception is a recurring theme in modern philosophy. In 1641 Descartes published his

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in dating where commitment level and length of acquaintanceship is often much lower.

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Deception in Biology: Nature's Exploitation of Information to Win Survival Contests

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Price reservation: Not stating the real budget or price that you are trying to get.

113: 2059:"Big fat liars: Less attractive people have more deceptive online dating profiles" 1589:

Rowatt, W. C.; Cunninghan, M. R.; Druen, P. B. (1998). "Deception to get a date".

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

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Misrepresentation of interests: Getting interests if the buyer seems desperate.

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Zloteanu, Mircea; Bull, Peter; Krumhuber, Eva G; Richardson, Daniel C (2021).

2138: 1602: 1556: 117: 8056: 7993: 7945: 7838: 7833: 7812: 7803: 7768: 7698: 7673: 7658: 7505: 7312: 7112: 6483: 6248: 5751: 4985: 4635: 4630: 4429: 4387: 3777: 3381: 3321: 3005:, 67(4), 371–378. Retrieved February 25, 2008 from the PsycARTICLES database. 2895: 2590: 2582: 2100: 1959: 1735: 1464: 1382: 1230: 1028: 826: 621: 531: 233: 193: 6127: 1784: 7843: 7828: 7795: 7440: 7230: 6874: 6458: 6433: 6413: 6240: 6169: 6159: 6085: 6060: 6007: 5858: 5388: 4856: 4838: 4777: 4600: 4029: 3923: 3815: 3475: 2608: 2280: 2075:

Gaspar, Joseph P.; Methasani, Redona; Schweitzer, Maurice (February 2019).

1890: 1837: 1802: 1701: 1649: 693: 440:. For example, depicting an act of war (an attack) as a "peace" mission or 384: 352: 335: 309: 221: 136: 7245: 5746: 3012:, 53(7), 806–807. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2092: 1985:"Can You Really Trust the People You Meet Online? | Psychology Today" 1928: 1564: 402:

in a large cloud to aid in escape from predators is a form of camouflage.

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Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2006).

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Dresser, R. S. (1981). Deception research and the HHS final regulations.

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Camoupedia: A Compendium of Research on Art, Architecture and Camouflage

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Buller, D. B.; Burgoon, J. K. (1996). "Interpersonal Deception Theory".

947: 7940: 7910: 7688: 7495: 7203: 7031: 7026: 6498: 6070: 5671: 5666: 5488: 4833: 4595: 4563: 4449: 3899: 3875: 3606: 3465: 3455: 3418: 3351: 3326: 2153:"A New "Wikileaks for Religion" Publishes Its First Trove of Documents" 1499: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1121: 1025:

recognition training does not affect the ability to detect deception.

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has argued that all skepticism has its root in this fear of deception.

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has adaptive colouration which allows it to blend with its environment.

347: 4484: 3935: 2878:(7), 805–806. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2812:(6), 421–423. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2480: 1881: 7950: 7738: 7678: 7475: 7412: 7385: 7370: 7208: 7048: 6941: 6551: 6403: 4861: 4686: 4615: 4444: 4434: 4153: 3844: 3366: 3282: 3257: 2272: 1872: 1641: 842: 738: 535: 395: 201: 1244: 489:

There are three primary motivations for deception in relationships.

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often disguised himself as somebody else to avoid being recognized.

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Klingberg, T. (2010). "Training and plasticity of working memory".

916: 801: 436:, covering the matters of rationalisation and transfer within the 411: 109: 830: 747:– similar to the above, but unconfined to criminal investigations. 8029: 7348: 5756: 5742: 4990: 4810: 4640: 4149:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

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and it is strictly regulated by professional bodies such as the

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Mental reservation § Mentalis restrictio in moral theology

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The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection

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The Book of Real Answers to Everything! – Why do people lie?

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Journalistic deception ranges from passive activities (i.e.

224:: making an indirect, ambiguous, or contradictory statement. 3361: 2855: 1096: 688: 132: 2621: 2249:

Milgram, Stanley (1963). "Behavioral Study of Obedience".

1676:"Adult Attachment and Patterns of Extradyadic Involvement" 800:

In general, Islam never allows deception and lie. Prophet

2752: 2699: 2074: 1944: 399: 373:, camouflage is realized by 'hiding' some of the truths. 253:

Instrumental: to avoid punishment or to protect resources

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if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for

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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

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Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct

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A seventeenth-century story collection, Zhang Yingyu's

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To get someone's attention from the truth by offering

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After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

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Milgram, S. (1963). "Behavioral study of obedience".

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Zuckerman, M.; DePaulo, B. M.; Rosenthal, R. (1981).

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Some methodologies in social research, especially in

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is beneficial to brain health due to the presence of

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Causing someone to believe something that is not true

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Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

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Deception. Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit

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Daly, John A.; Wiemann, John M. (January 11, 2013).

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to use hollow tanks made out of wood to fool German

236:: overstatement or stretching the truth to a degree. 5955: 242:: minimization or downplaying aspects of the truth. 3518:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 2529:Grieve, Rachel; Hayes, Jordana (January 1, 2013). 2206: 4070:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 3622:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2971:Kimmel, A. J. (1998). "In defense of deception". 2188:"Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception" 8054: 3965:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 2935:(4), 3–4. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from the 2874:Bröder, A. (1998). Deception can be acceptable. 1906: 1190:"Definition of 'deception' – English Dictionary" 870:(1964), criticizing the use of deception in the 723:– in the case of disguise and disguised movement 522:Using deception to enhance or protect one's own 2821:False colors: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage 2815: 2702:Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of Deception 2070: 2068: 2914:Frauds, Spies, and Lies and How to Defeat Them 2204: 2036:"Catfishing: The truth about deception online" 704:), or a criminal prosecution, on the basis of 259:Identity: to preserve "face" or the self-image 256:Relational: to maintain relationships or bonds 131:can also form grounds for civil litigation in 7261: 4974: 4740: 4500: 4278:Election denial movement in the United States 3164: 3003:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 2515: 2513: 1412: 1297: 6932: 2982: 2910: 2785: 2755:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2571:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2477:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2361:. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2213:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 2065: 1909:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1861:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1724:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1630:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1545:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1542: 1453:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1371:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 852: 464: 394:In nature, the defensive mechanisms of most 112:and distrust. Deception violates relational 7275: 3498: 2881: 2528: 2120: 2118: 1948:Current Directions in Psychological Science 1673: 1161: 825:, in which he introduced the notion of the 809:political regimes", and has been evoked by 615: 563: 379:as a form of visual deception is a part of 7268: 7254: 5487: 4507: 4493: 3950:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 3171: 3157: 2884:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2510: 1756: 1721: 1591:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1450: 813:to portray the faith allowing dishonesty. 280:In the biological world, mimicry involves 7786:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder 3084:"Scientists Pick Out Human Lie Detectors" 3063:Robert, W.; Thompson, Nicholas S., eds., 2631: 2598: 2546: 2262: 2251:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1880: 1815: 1792: 1691: 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 7654:Basic interpersonal communicative skills 5636: 4303:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 2115: 1264: 468: 351: 171: 121:amount of deception occurs between some 7721: 5425: 4514: 4102:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 2949: 2560: 2558: 2248: 2033: 925: 910: 642:has its reaction (Gaspar et al.,2019). 8055: 4229:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 4020:Soviet influence on the peace movement 3617:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 2856:Blechman, Hardy; Newman, Alex (2004). 2535:Personality and Individual Differences 1669: 1667: 1622: 1620: 1584: 1582: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 986: 177:Deception of woman, with self-portrait 7720: 7642: 7516:High-context and low-context cultures 7287: 7249: 7138: 6981: 6367: 5954: 5773: 5635: 5486: 5424: 4973: 4884: 4739: 4535: 4488: 4376: 3954:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 3742: 3655: 3563: 3497: 3194: 3152: 2796:. (2010). Retrieved February 7, 2013. 2792:American Psychological Association – 2124: 2053: 2051: 2049: 1979: 1977: 1940: 1938: 1902: 1900: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1538: 1536: 1446: 1444: 1332: 1293: 1291: 1165:Strategic Interpersonal Communication 885: 837:. The notion was used as part of his 7865:Computer processing of body language 7643: 2944:Constructing the political spectacle 2555: 1674:Allen, E. S.; Baucom, D. H. (2004). 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1368: 942: 245:Untruths: misinterpreting the truth. 31: 7880:List of facial expression databases 7870:Emotion recognition in conversation 6142:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4796: 4224:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 3434:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 2626:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2481:https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000250 2215:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1664: 1617: 1579: 1353: 872:Milgram (1963) obedience experiment 438:techniques of propaganda generation 116:and is considered to be a negative 13: 6900:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax 3695:Misinformation related to abortion 3080:. Monash University, October 2011. 3069:State University of New York Press 3057: 2485: 2335:. HarperCollins Publishers Limited 2081:Academy of Management Perspectives 2046: 1974: 1935: 1897: 1708: 1533: 1441: 1312:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00127.x 1288: 1258: 1213: 1182: 905:American Psychological Association 753:– secrecy for military operations 14: 8099: 7764:Childhood disintegrative disorder 6542:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 6424:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory 6274:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 3912:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 3525:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 3104: 2933:IRB: Ethics and Human Research, 3 1397: 1155: 211:Some forms of deception include: 54:uses deprecated inline citations. 6001:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 5938:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 5304:South African Airways Flight 295 4465:United States Information Agency 3744:Operations and events by country 3136: 3124: 3110: 2858:DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material 2040:Scientific American Blog Network 1693:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x 1333:Zhang, Yingyu (September 2017). 946: 816: 711: 659: 167: 151:. It also forms a vital part of 108:that often leads to feelings of 36: 6585:Petrograd Military Organization 6108:International Jewish conspiracy 5956:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 5618:Denial of the 7 October attacks 5443:California drought manipulation 4065:Information war against Ukraine 3612:International Jewish conspiracy 3580:Congo Free State propaganda war 2746: 2704:. Vol. 14. pp. 1–59. 2693: 2658: 2615: 2522: 2469: 2460: 2451: 2425: 2399: 2373: 2347: 2321: 2295: 2242: 2232: 2198: 2180: 2162: 2145: 2027: 2009: 1995: 1852: 1809: 1750: 1506: 1479: 977: 774: 598:Executive control is a part of 7288: 6534:Israel-related animal theories 4377: 4293:Information Operations Roadmap 4203:Psychological Warfare Division 3773:Chinese information operations 3722:Water fluoridation controversy 3017:Research Methods in Psychology 2956:. Cambridge University Press. 2953:The Politics of Misinformation 2479:. Advance online publication. 2385:oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com 2329:"Definition of 'double bluff'" 1326: 1006:interpersonal deception theory 765: 636: 324: 295: 206:Interpersonal Deception Theory 1: 8068:Barriers to critical thinking 6696:First Catilinarian conspiracy 5738:Ideology in incel communities 4400:Active Measures Working Group 4058:during the Russo-Georgian War 4025:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 3115:The dictionary definition of 2710:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60369-X 1757:Diamond, A.; Lee, K. (2011). 1527:10.1016/S1090-5138(97)00088-3 1339:. Columbia University Press. 1143: 1112:Misdirection (disambiguation) 579:, relationship satisfaction, 341: 263: 7139: 7062:Freeman on the land movement 6952:Maricopa County ballot audit 6910:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 6368: 5337:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 4621:Global catastrophe scenarios 4536: 4283:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 3960:Fake news in the Philippines 3564: 3332:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 2642:10.1002/9780470087923.hhs299 2309:. Cambridge University Press 2127:Journal of Mass Media Ethics 2003:"Myth-busting online dating" 1818:Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1515:Evolution and Human Behavior 1427:10.1080/10510974.2012.755637 1148: 702:fraudulent misrepresentation 692:grounds for legal action in 544:Relationship-focused motives 383:. Some Allied navies during 145:fraudulent misrepresentation 7: 7781:Nonverbal learning disorder 7359:Speech-independent gestures 7332:Facial Action Coding System 7226:Science by press conference 7199:Online youth radicalization 7118:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 6805:CIA assistance to bin Laden 6448:(outside the United States) 5612:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 5558:Mozambican presidential jet 5298:United Air Lines Flight 553 4829:Interdimensional hypothesis 4525:List of conspiracy theories 4410:Counter Misinformation Team 4405:Counter disinformation unit 3855:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 3342:Forgery as covert operation 3019:(Seventh Edition). Boston: 1087:Fear, uncertainty and doubt 1039: 405: 181:Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz 10: 8104: 7521:Interpersonal relationship 7322:Body-to-body communication 6510:Middle East / North Africa 5910:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 5774: 4420:The Disinformation Project 3850:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 3206:Algorithmic radicalization 2767:10.1037/0022-3514.35.5.345 2548:10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.001 2457:Buller & Burgoon, 1996 1921:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870 1830:10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002 1226:Collins English Dictionary 1200:Cambridge University Press 914: 793: 778: 676: 625: 619: 587:, personality traits, and 567: 409: 345: 275: 21:Deception (disambiguation) 18: 8012: 7986: 7926: 7919: 7893: 7857: 7821: 7794: 7731: 7727: 7716: 7649: 7638: 7594: 7571: 7534: 7486: 7421: 7300: 7296: 7283: 7145: 7134: 7090: 7047: 6988: 6982: 6977: 6751: 6650: 6603: 6562: 6509: 6444: 6378: 6374: 6363: 6287: 6239: 6193: 6051: 5961: 5950: 5780: 5769: 5642: 5631: 5496: 5482: 5433: 5420: 5381: 5346: 5243: 4984: 4980: 4975:Deaths and disappearances 4969: 4840:Estimate of the Situation 4746: 4741:Astronomy and outer space 4735: 4659: 4546: 4542: 4531: 4522: 4383: 4372: 4343: 4337:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 4331: 4313:Tobacco industry playbook 4244:CIA Kennedy assassination 4216: 4162: 4136: 4124: 4038: 3985: 3973: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3894: 3863: 3837: 3825: 3765: 3753: 3749: 3738: 3570: 3559: 3504: 3493: 3377:Manipulation (psychology) 3201: 3195: 3190: 2876:American Psychologist, 53 2786:General and cited sources 2679:10.1017/S0142716400010948 2667:Applied Psycholinguistics 2387:. Oxford University Press 2139:10.1080/08900528809358312 1603:10.1177/01461672982411009 1557:10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.63 1221:"Definition of 'deceive'" 853:In psychological research 672: 465:In romantic relationships 125:and relational partners. 7936:Behavioral communication 7039:Shakespearean authorship 7017:Shadow government claims 6820:Election denial movement 6716:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 5168:Diana, Princess of Wales 4719:Psychological projection 4702:Mass psychogenic illness 4425:East StratCom Task Force 4239:9/11 conspiracy theories 3236:List of cognitive biases 2950:Edelman, Murray (2001). 2896:10.1177/0146167288144002 2583:10.1177/1747021820978851 1960:10.1177/0963721411418467 1736:10.1177/0265407505052440 1465:10.1177/0265407501184002 1383:10.1177/0265407501181005 1067:Deception (criminal law) 1057:Communications deception 789: 785:Christian views on lying 616:Online dating deceptions 564:Deception and infidelity 312:, it was common for the 162: 106:relational transgression 7376:Interpersonal synchrony 7277:Nonverbal communication 7156:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 7150:Argument from ignorance 6850:Philadelphia Experiment 6469:Avro Arrow cancellation 6294:Denial of mass killings 5976:COVID-19 and xenophobia 5460:Free energy suppression 4651:Urban legends and myths 4576:power behind the throne 4351:Public opinion brigades 4308:Niger uranium forgeries 4298:Litter boxes in schools 3668:COVID-19 misinformation 3590:Free energy suppression 3499:Books and documentaries 3273:Euphemistic misspeaking 2466:Burgoon & Qin, 2006 2205:Paul E. Walker (2009). 2021:www.psychologytoday.com 1989:www.psychologytoday.com 1785:10.1126/science.1204529 610:sociosexual orientation 605:Sociosexual orientation 585:sociosexual orientation 504:Partner-focused motives 475:The Beguiling of Merlin 185:National Museum, Warsaw 52:. The reason given is: 25:Deceit (disambiguation) 8083:Psychology experiments 7973:Monastic sign lexicons 7664:Emotional intelligence 7194:Historical negationism 6623:Operation Sledgehammer 6389:Cow vigilante violence 6081:during the Black Death 5268:Great Kantō earthquake 5138:GEC-Marconi scientists 5084:Martin Luther King Jr. 4847:Lake Michigan Triangle 4816:Black Knight satellite 4677:Communal reinforcement 4591:Political conspiracies 4097:2016 Brexit referendum 3446:Scientific fabrication 3357:Historical negationism 3141:Quotations related to 1488:Personal Relationships 955:This section is empty. 495:Reasons for deceiving 483: 361: 188: 139:(where it is known as 7963:Impression management 6922:Stab-in-the-back myth 6726:Clockwork Orange plot 6254:Bihar human sacrifice 6185:Stab-in-the-back myth 6008:German POWs post-WWII 5890:Germ theory denialism 5885:Electronic harassment 5606:Smolensk air disaster 5570:Oklahoma City bombing 5448:Climate change denial 5244:Accidents / disasters 5180:Nepalese royal family 4667:Attitude polarization 4393:Fact-checking website 4198:Operation Mass Appeal 4180:Clockwork Orange plot 3690:Mental illness denial 3585:Climate change denial 3402:Psychological warfare 3372:Internet manipulation 3337:Firehose of falsehood 3263:Disinformation attack 3010:American Psychologist 2983:Latimer, Jon (2001). 2973:American Psychologist 2911:Cohen, Fred. (2006). 2808:American Psychologist 2333:collinsdictionary.com 2093:10.5465/amp.2017.0047 1415:Communication Studies 779:Further information: 472: 355: 175: 153:psychological warfare 129:Deceit and dishonesty 104:Deception is a major 7978:Verbal communication 7931:Animal communication 7849:Targeted advertising 7366:Haptic communication 6993:Dead Internet theory 6494:Daktari Ranch affair 6279:Trojan Horse scandal 5657:anti-gender movement 5637:Gender and sexuality 5594:Madrid train bombing 5540:Lufthansa Flight 615 5228:Sushant Singh Rajput 4768:Apollo Moon landings 4672:Cognitive dissonance 3532:Who's Who in the CIA 3133:at Wikimedia Commons 2439:. iBus Media Limited 1300:Communication Theory 1195:Cambridge Dictionary 1137:Swampland in Florida 1077:Electronic deception 1072:Deception in animals 926:Online disinhibition 921:Deception technology 911:In computer security 700:, or if deliberate, 683:For legal purposes, 518:Self-focused motives 458:The Book of Swindles 334:position may make a 157:denial and deception 19:For other uses, see 7987:Non-verbal language 7875:Gesture recognition 7722:Further information 7612:Emotion recognition 7563:Silent service code 7067:Redemption movement 6835:Georgia Guidestones 6118:Cultural Bolshevism 5757:Soy and masculinity 5427:Energy, environment 5331:EgyptAir Flight 990 5072:Lal Bahadur Shastri 5042:Subhas Chandra Bose 4516:Conspiracy theories 4234:Conspiracy theories 4175:Double-Cross System 4144:Conspiracy theories 4005:Operation INFEKTION 3793:Internet Water Army 3647:Strategy of tension 3512:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 3397:Post-truth politics 2381:"double bluff noun" 2061:. December 9, 2011. 1777:2011Sci...333..959D 1047:Academic dishonesty 987:Deception detection 600:executive functions 377:Military camouflage 308:). For example, in 198:omega-3 fatty acids 8013:Art and literature 7968:Meta-communication 7956:Passive-aggressive 7885:Sentiment analysis 7586:Non-verbal leakage 7162:Conspiracy fiction 7072:Sovereign citizens 6825:FBI secret society 6810:Clinton body count 6630:Gezi Park protests 6595:Ukraine bioweapons 6394:Greater Bangladesh 6136:Judeo-Masonic plot 5933:Water fluoridation 5900:HIV/AIDS denialism 5647:Alpha / beta males 5546:Widerøe Flight 933 5024:Władysław Sikorski 4763:Ancient astronauts 4130:HIV/AIDS denialism 4107:Trolls from Olgino 3881:Paid news in India 3871:Fake news in India 3685:HIV/AIDS denialism 3539:Merchants of Doubt 3412:Military deception 3387:Media manipulation 3226:Circular reporting 2844:. Bobolink Books. 2823:. Bobolink Books. 2159:, January 12, 2018 2034:d'Costa, Krystal. 1500:10.1111/pere.12007 1107:Media transparency 1062:Crowd manipulation 886:In social research 581:executive function 484: 480:Edward Burne-Jones 450:protective custody 381:military deception 362: 189: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8037: 7744:Asperger syndrome 7712: 7711: 7694:Social competence 7634: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7436:Emotional prosody 7342:Subtle expression 7327:Facial expression 7243: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7130: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7108:Birds Aren't Real 6973: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6795:Black helicopters 6706:Mano Negra affair 6676:Itavia Flight 870 6613:2016 coup attempt 6517:In the Arab world 6449: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6347:Serbs during WWII 6264:Great Replacement 6122:Jewish Bolshevism 6038:War against Islam 6017:Product labeling 5986:French Revolution 5946: 5945: 5785:5G misinformation 5765: 5764: 5627: 5626: 5582:advance knowledge 5564:Pan Am Flight 103 5478: 5477: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5360:Yemenite children 5090:Robert F. Kennedy 5066:Lee Harvey Oswald 5048:Johnny Stompanato 4965: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4918:Aztec, New Mexico 4821:Cryptoterrestrial 4731: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4682:Confirmation bias 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4318:Operation Shocker 4120: 4119: 4000:K-1000 battleship 3831:Operation Neptune 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3555: 3554: 3489: 3488: 3481:Yellow journalism 3429:counterpropaganda 3310:List of fallacies 3243:Conspiracy theory 3211:Alternative facts 3129:Media related to 3044:. Vintage, 1995. 2994:978-0-7195-5605-0 2963:978-0-521-80510-0 2924:978-1-878109-36-1 2867:978-0-9543404-0-7 2850:978-0-9713244-6-6 2830:978-0-9713244-0-4 2719:978-0-12-015214-8 2651:978-0-471-76130-3 2222:978-0-19-530513-5 1771:(6045): 959–964. 1597:(11): 1228–1242. 1346:978-0-231-54564-8 1281:978-1-74129-007-3 1175:978-1-136-56375-1 1127:Smoke and mirrors 975: 974: 937:instant messaging 698:misrepresentation 553: 552: 389:dazzle camouflage 141:misrepresentation 91: 90: 83: 8095: 7924: 7923: 7901:Ray Birdwhistell 7729: 7728: 7718: 7717: 7644:Broader concepts 7640: 7639: 7617:First impression 7298: 7297: 7285: 7284: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7247: 7246: 7177:pseudoskepticism 7136: 7135: 7045: 7044: 6979: 6978: 6930: 6929: 6815:Cultural Marxism 6447: 6376: 6375: 6365: 6364: 6165:Killing of Jesus 6113:Committee of 300 6096:Holocaust denial 6049: 6048: 6033:Tartarian Empire 6003: 5994: 5971:CERN ritual hoax 5966:Bhagwa Love Trap 5952: 5951: 5905:origins theories 5790:Anti-vaccination 5771: 5770: 5721:Transvestigation 5633: 5632: 5484: 5483: 5422: 5421: 5382:Body double hoax 5216:Alejandro Castro 5114:Pope John Paul I 5096:Salvador Allende 5030:Benito Mussolini 4982: 4981: 4971: 4970: 4924:Southern England 4882: 4881: 4825:Extraterrestrial 4794: 4793: 4756:Nibiru cataclysm 4737: 4736: 4692:Locus of control 4646:Secret societies 4544: 4543: 4533: 4532: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4374: 4373: 4193:MMR autism fraud 4076:On US elections 4010:Operation Toucan 3983: 3982: 3751: 3750: 3740: 3739: 3705:anti-vaccination 3653: 3652: 3600:Holocaust denial 3575:Bermuda Triangle 3561: 3560: 3495: 3494: 3424:black propaganda 3392:Potemkin village 3317:False accusation 3293:list of websites 3192: 3191: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3140: 3128: 3114: 3092:Associated Press 3032:Secrets and Lies 2998: 2985:Deception in War 2967: 2942:Edelman, Murray 2928: 2907: 2871: 2834: 2779: 2778: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2723: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2635: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2602: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2497:app.perusall.com 2489: 2483: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2273:10.1037/h0040525 2266: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2210: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2122: 2113: 2112: 2072: 2063: 2062: 2055: 2044: 2043: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2013: 2007: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1981: 1972: 1971: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1904: 1895: 1894: 1884: 1873:10.1037/a0021993 1856: 1850: 1849: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1796: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1719: 1706: 1705: 1695: 1671: 1662: 1661: 1642:10.1037/a0025497 1636:(6): 1302–1316. 1624: 1615: 1614: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1540: 1531: 1530: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1448: 1439: 1438: 1410: 1395: 1394: 1366: 1351: 1350: 1336:Book of Swindles 1330: 1324: 1323: 1295: 1286: 1285: 1266:Griffith, Jeremy 1262: 1256: 1253: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1159: 1082:Evasion (ethics) 1015:non-verbal cues. 970: 967: 957:You can help by 950: 943: 839:hyperbolic doubt 811:critics of Islam 593:attachment style 577:attachment style 492: 491: 292:or other means. 86: 79: 75: 72: 66: 40: 39: 32: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8034: 8025:Mimoplastic art 8008: 7999:Tactile signing 7982: 7915: 7889: 7853: 7817: 7790: 7723: 7708: 7684:Social behavior 7645: 7626: 7590: 7581:Microexpression 7567: 7551:One-bit message 7530: 7482: 7417: 7337:Microexpression 7292: 7279: 7274: 7244: 7235: 7167:Conspirituality 7141: 7122: 7086: 7077:Strawman theory 7043: 6984: 6961: 6928: 6889:Saddam–al-Qaeda 6865:Project Azorian 6845:Montauk Project 6747: 6731:Elm Guest House 6692:Roman Republic 6646: 6635:Sèvres syndrome 6599: 6558: 6505: 6474:Leuchter report 6446: 6440: 6370: 6351: 6292: 6289:Genocide denial 6283: 6235: 6189: 6175:New World Order 6047: 5999: 5988: 5957: 5942: 5812:in chiropractic 5776: 5761: 5728:Finger pinching 5716:litter box hoax 5682:HIV/AIDS stigma 5638: 5623: 5600:London bombings 5492: 5474: 5429: 5428: 5408: 5377: 5342: 5286:Lost Cosmonauts 5239: 5222:Jeffrey Epstein 5198:Osama bin Laden 5174:Alois Estermann 5060:John F. Kennedy 5006:Louis Le Prince 4989: 4976: 4953: 4880: 4806:Alien abduction 4792: 4751:2012 phenomenon 4742: 4723: 4655: 4538: 4527: 4518: 4513: 4483: 4474: 4379: 4360: 4339: 4327: 4212: 4208:Zinoviev letter 4158: 4132: 4116: 4040:Post-Soviet era 4034: 3995:Active Measures 3978: 3969: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3890: 3859: 3833: 3821: 3761: 3759:Jihadunspun.com 3745: 3726: 3651: 3627:New World Order 3595:Genocide denial 3566: 3551: 3500: 3485: 3407:Memetic warfare 3197: 3186: 3177: 3107: 3060: 3058:Further reading 3055: 2995: 2987:. John Murray. 2964: 2925: 2868: 2838:Behrens, Roy R. 2831: 2817:Behrens, Roy R. 2788: 2783: 2782: 2751: 2747: 2735: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2698: 2694: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2633:10.1.1.177.9157 2620: 2616: 2563: 2556: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2359:ldoceonline.com 2353: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2203: 2199: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2150: 2146: 2123: 2116: 2073: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2047: 2032: 2028: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2005:. May 14, 2015. 2001: 2000: 1996: 1983: 1982: 1975: 1943: 1936: 1905: 1898: 1857: 1853: 1814: 1810: 1755: 1751: 1720: 1709: 1672: 1665: 1625: 1618: 1587: 1580: 1541: 1534: 1511: 1507: 1484: 1480: 1449: 1442: 1411: 1398: 1367: 1354: 1347: 1331: 1327: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1176: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1132:Sting operation 1102:Limited hangout 1042: 989: 980: 971: 965: 962: 928: 923: 915:Main articles: 913: 901:research ethics 896:Stanley Milgram 888: 855: 819: 798: 792: 787: 777: 768: 751:Military secret 714: 681: 675: 662: 639: 630: 624: 618: 572: 566: 467: 422:Sherlock Holmes 414: 408: 398:to eject black 350: 344: 327: 298: 278: 266: 240:Understatements 170: 165: 87: 76: 70: 67: 56: 47:has an unclear 41: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8101: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8078:Human behavior 8075: 8070: 8065: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7906:Charles Darwin 7903: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7823: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7815: 7810: 7800: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7735: 7733: 7725: 7724: 7714: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7602:Affect display 7598: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7577: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7548: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7488:Social context 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7438: 7433: 7427: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7396:Pupil dilation 7393: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7324: 7319: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7294: 7293: 7281: 7280: 7273: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7250: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7221:Radicalization 7218: 7217: 7216: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7189:Fringe science 7186: 7184:Falsifiability 7181: 7180: 7179: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7152: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7082:Tax protesters 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7014: 7012:New chronology 7005: 7000: 6995: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6957:Stop the Steal 6954: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6891: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6877: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6757: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6720: 6719: 6718: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6651:Other European 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6609: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6580:Golden billion 6577: 6572: 6570:Alaska payment 6566: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6452: 6450: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6382: 6380: 6372: 6371: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6200: 6198: 6196:Anti-Christian 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6115: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6101:Trivialization 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6055: 6046: 6045: 6043:White genocide 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6015: 6013:Priory of Sion 6010: 6005: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5817:misinformation 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5699:Lavender scare 5691: 5690: 5689: 5679: 5677:gay Nazis myth 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5629: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5552:KAL Flight 007 5549: 5543: 5537: 5528: 5522: 5519:Reichstag fire 5516: 5507: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5453:false theories 5445: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5399:Vladimir Putin 5396: 5391: 5389:Paul McCartney 5385: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5325:TWA Flight 800 5322: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5292:JAT Flight 367 5289: 5283: 5277: 5274:Lynmouth Flood 5271: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5192:Benazir Bhutto 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5108:Renny Ottolina 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5054:Marilyn Monroe 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5012:Lord Kitchener 5009: 5003: 5000:Zachary Taylor 4996: 4994: 4978: 4977: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4890: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4626:Hidden message 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4570:éminence grise 4566: 4556: 4550: 4548: 4540: 4539: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4512: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4288:Habbush letter 4285: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4170:Bell Pottinger 4166: 4164: 4163:United Kingdom 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4044: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3827: 3826:Czechoslovakia 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3798:PLA Unit 61398 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3747: 3746: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3673:by governments 3665: 3659: 3657: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3510:Disinformation 3505: 3502: 3501: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3231:Cognitive bias 3228: 3223: 3221:Cherry picking 3218: 3213: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3187: 3184:misinformation 3180:Disinformation 3176: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3106: 3105:External links 3103: 3102: 3101: 3096:Zhang Yingyu, 3094: 3081: 3072: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3035: 3027:Bruce Schneier 3024: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2980: 2969: 2962: 2947: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2908: 2890:(4): 664–675. 2879: 2872: 2866: 2853: 2835: 2829: 2813: 2803: 2797: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2761:(5): 345–350. 2745: 2736:|journal= 2718: 2692: 2673:(4): 471–484. 2657: 2650: 2614: 2577:(5): 910–927. 2554: 2541:(2): 311–314. 2521: 2509: 2484: 2468: 2459: 2450: 2433:"Double Bluff" 2424: 2407:"Double Bluff" 2398: 2372: 2355:"double bluff" 2346: 2320: 2303:"double bluff" 2294: 2257:(4): 371–378. 2241: 2231: 2221: 2197: 2179: 2161: 2144: 2114: 2064: 2045: 2026: 2008: 1994: 1973: 1954:(5): 296–300. 1934: 1915:(6): 870–883. 1896: 1867:(5): 827–837. 1851: 1824:(7): 317–324. 1808: 1749: 1730:(3): 339–360. 1707: 1686:(4): 467–488. 1680:Family Process 1663: 1616: 1578: 1532: 1521:(6): 387–402. 1505: 1494:(4): 669–689. 1478: 1459:(4): 463–476. 1440: 1421:(2): 141–157. 1396: 1377:(1): 107–129. 1352: 1345: 1325: 1306:(3): 203–242. 1287: 1280: 1257: 1243: 1212: 1181: 1174: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1041: 1038: 988: 985: 979: 976: 973: 972: 953: 951: 927: 924: 912: 909: 887: 884: 854: 851: 847:Stanley Cavell 818: 815: 794:Main article: 791: 788: 776: 773: 767: 764: 763: 762: 761: 760: 748: 745:Misinformation 742: 736: 730: 724: 713: 710: 679:Tort of deceit 677:Main article: 674: 671: 661: 658: 657: 656: 653: 650: 647: 638: 635: 620:Main article: 617: 614: 568:Main article: 565: 562: 551: 550: 549:relationship. 546: 540: 539: 520: 514: 513: 506: 500: 499: 496: 466: 463: 410:Main article: 407: 404: 346:Main article: 343: 340: 326: 323: 318:reconnaissance 297: 294: 277: 274: 265: 262: 261: 260: 257: 254: 247: 246: 243: 237: 231: 225: 219: 169: 166: 164: 161: 99:self-deception 89: 88: 49:citation style 44: 42: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8100: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8073:Communication 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7994:Sign language 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7839:Freudian slip 7837: 7835: 7834:Lie detection 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7813:Mirror neuron 7811: 7809: 7805: 7804:Limbic system 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7770: 7769:Rett syndrome 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7699:Social skills 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674:People skills 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7659:Communication 7657: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7641: 7637: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595:Multi-faceted 7593: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7533: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7506:Display rules 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7477: 7476:Voice quality 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7313:Body language 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7271: 7266: 7264: 7259: 7257: 7252: 7251: 7248: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7057:Admiralty law 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6998:NESARA/GESARA 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6987: 6980: 6976: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6934:2020 election 6931: 6923: 6919: 6918:POW/MIA issue 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6905:Trump–Ukraine 6903: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6790:Biden–Ukraine 6788: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6760:Barack Obama 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6753:United States 6750: 6742: 6741:Voting pencil 6739: 6737: 6736:Harold Wilson 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6484:Casa Matusita 6482: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6443: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6362: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6322:The Holocaust 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6249:Counter-jihad 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6231:Giuseppe Siri 6229: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6204:Anti-Catholic 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076:Doctors' plot 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5873:United States 5870: 5866: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5752:Satanic panic 5750: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5687:United States 5685: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5634: 5630: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5423: 5419: 5405: 5404:Melania Trump 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:Avril Lavigne 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5366:Elvis Presley 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5186:Yasser Arafat 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5162:Yitzhak Rabin 5160: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4987: 4986:Assassination 4983: 4979: 4972: 4968: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4942:Alien autopsy 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4876:Project Serpo 4874: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4738: 4734: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4636:Pseudoscience 4634: 4632: 4631:Pseudohistory 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4601:Crisis actors 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4498: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430:FactCheck.org 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4388:Fact-checking 4386: 4385: 4382: 4375: 4371: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217:United States 4215: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3778:50 Cent Party 3776: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3737: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3382:Media culture 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3322:False dilemma 3320: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3121:at Wiktionary 3120: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3074:Kopp, Carlo, 3073: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3051: 3050:0-679-76399-6 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038:Robert Wright 3036: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2917:. ASP Press. 2916: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2741: 2729: 2721: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2559: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2463: 2454: 2438: 2437:pokernews.com 2434: 2428: 2413:. Casino City 2412: 2411:pokerzone.com 2408: 2402: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2308: 2307:cambridge.org 2304: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2264:10.1.1.599.92 2260: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2158: 2154: 2151:Ruth Graham, 2148: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2119: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2004: 1998: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1978: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1901: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1670: 1668: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1539: 1537: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1348: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1232: 1231:HarperCollins 1228: 1227: 1222: 1216: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1177: 1171: 1168:. 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