24:
195:
207:
The entries in Festus' epitome are organized semi-alphabetically, grouped according to first but not following letters, and with some exceptions according to particular themes, arguments, or sources. Festus altered some of
Flaccus' text and inserted some critical remarks of his own. He updated the
256:
is a valuable resource for scholars studying language use, culture, religion, social life, and the broader history of
Ancient Rome. It also provides insight into other Romans and their works which used, were used by, influenced, or were influenced by Flaccus' work. For example, Flaccus utilized
191:. As Festus reduced Flaccus from 40 to 20 volumes, so did Paul condense Festus by roughly half, excising entries he considered unnecessary or redundant, modifying parts of the text he thought unclear or obscure, and stripping away details like citations.
513:
Glinister, Fay. "Reviews/Comptes rendus/Bescprechungen: Marcus
Verrius Flaccus' De Significatu Verborum in den Auszügen von Sextus Pompeius Festus und Paulus Diaconus: Einleitung und Teilkommentar (154,19–186,29 Lindsay). By Paolo Pieroni".
229:
criticized Festus' work as "an affair of scissors and paste, in which conceit and incompetence are perhaps equally blended". Other scholars, like
Alessandro Moscadi, suggest understanding it as instead a work of independent scholarship.
171:
when greater priority was placed on defense after a long period of expansion. There was an anxious effort by many scholars to record their history and culture as means of preservation. Though another of Festus' books is mentioned in
309:
is collating the fragments that remain of Festus' work and republishing them with translations. The project's aims are to provide public access to the work and to encourage study of both the work itself and the subjects it covers.
183:, an 11th-century copy in poor condition, missing the first half of its alphabetized entries and suffering fire damage. Much of what we know about it comes from a summary of the full original, abridged in the 8th century by
217:
Though it is a summary, Festus preserves a great deal of
Flaccus' original work, including etymologies and definitions and the rich historical, religious, political, and cultural information the original
250:, who were enthusiastically seeking out and studying ancient Latin texts, made a number of significant contributions to the work, and several copies from the time still exist today.
302:, whose work would otherwise be known only through copies and quotations made much later, Festus provides verification or highlights the ways in which it had been altered.
110:. Festus' epitome is typically dated to the 2nd century, but the work only survives in an incomplete 11th-century manuscript and copies of its own separate epitome.
396:
727:
434:
298:
Festus included many quotations and citations from authors for whom it serves as the only record of their work. For others, such as
397:"PAULUS DIACONUS (PAUL THE DEACON), Epitome Festi de Verborum Significatu [Epitome of Festus' "On the Meaning of Words"]"
208:
language, omitting Latin words that had fallen out of use, and documented his modifications in the now lost separate work,
702:
159:
Sextus
Pompeius Festus, also a grammarian, likely flourished in the later 2nd century and is thought to have come from
633:
562:"Review of Aemilius Thewrewk De Ponor 'Sexti Pompei Festi de Verborum Significatu quae Supersunt, cum Pauli Epitome'"
544:
717:
712:
167:, though few details are known about his life. Festus wrote his epitome of Flaccus' works during a time in the
129:
156:, though all but a few fragments of the original have been lost, perhaps in part due to its impractical size.
288:
23:
707:
168:
306:
722:
284:
271:
358:
Glinister, Fay; North, John; Woods, Clare (May 2007). "Introduction
Verrius, Festus and Paul".
258:
99:
41:
247:
628:. London: Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London.
438:
194:
144:, the name which Festus later adopted for his epitome, the first major alphabetical Latin
8:
670:
280:
243:
239:
153:
686:
581:
484:
371:
629:
585:
540:
488:
680:
674:
573:
476:
367:
226:
653:
649:
623:
534:
266:
184:
137:
107:
29:
126:
577:
480:
696:
276:
179:
Festus' work originally contained 20 volumes. The only surviving copy is the
650:
Sexti Pompei Festi De
Verborum Significatu quae Supersunt cum Pauli Epitome
103:
75:
55:
657:
188:
145:
561:
625:
Verrius, Festus, & Paul: lexicography, scholarship, and society
299:
149:
95:
51:
238:
When a copy of Paul's version was discovered by scholars at the
198:
Paul the Deacon abridged and revised the work in the 8th century
292:
160:
133:
88:('Twenty Books on the Meaning of Words'), also known as the
164:
621:
536:
A Brief
History of Encyclopaedias: From Pliny to Knowledge
269:
drew a great deal from
Flaccus for his highly influential
246:, it attracted a surge of renewed interest and study. The
187:(Paulus Diaconus) as a contribution to the library of
152:
is regarded as among the most important such works of
599:
Moscadi, Alessandro (1979). "Verrio, Festo e Paulo".
353:
351:
349:
275:(c. 77 CE). Among the other authors Festus cites are
357:
346:
225:In an 1880 essay about Flaccus, classical scholar
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
694:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
495:
360:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
467:Kaster, Robert (2009). "Latin Lexicography".
378:
622:Glinister, Fay; Woods, Clare, eds. (2007).
437:. University College London. Archived from
136:language and for tutoring the grandsons of
559:
429:
553:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
263:Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum
176:, none of his other works have survived.
462:
460:
458:
456:
193:
598:
140:during his reign. He is best known for
695:
592:
466:
406:
532:
512:
453:
728:Encyclopedias in classical antiquity
526:
656:'s authoritative 1913 version (via
98:compiled, edited, and annotated by
85:De verborum significatione libri XX
13:
615:
372:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2007.tb02404.x
14:
739:
673:edited by Emil Thewrewk (via the
643:
560:Nettleship, H. (November 1890).
22:
211:Priscorum verborum cum exemplis
601:Giornale Italiano di Filologia
320:
305:The Festus Lexicon Project at
233:
132:known for his writings on the
1:
339:
113:
7:
516:Historiographia Linguistica
169:history of the Roman Empire
17:De verborum significatione
10:
744:
703:2nd-century books in Latin
689:(via the Internet Archive)
683:(via the Internet Archive)
254:De verborum significatione
220:De verborum significatione
202:
174:De verborum significatione
578:10.1017/S0009840X00191310
481:10.1017/s0009840x08002370
307:University College London
71:
61:
47:
37:
21:
435:"Festus Lexicon Project"
313:
718:Culture of ancient Rome
329:De verborum significatu
142:De verborum significatu
713:Encyclopedias in Latin
533:Brown, Andrew (2011).
259:Marcus Terentius Varro
199:
100:Sextus Pompeius Festus
42:Sextus Pompeius Festus
197:
566:The Classical Review
539:. London: Hesperus.
469:The Classical Review
242:in 1416, during the
289:Gaius Ateius Capito
244:Italian Renaissance
154:classical antiquity
18:
708:Latin dictionaries
441:on 12 January 2013
402:. Les Enluminures.
272:Naturalis historia
200:
16:
248:Italian humanists
240:Abbey of St. Gall
181:Codex Farnesianus
91:Lexicon of Festus
81:
80:
72:Publication place
32:'s edition (1700)
735:
675:Internet Archive
639:
609:
608:
596:
590:
589:
557:
551:
550:
530:
524:
523:
510:
493:
492:
464:
451:
450:
448:
446:
431:
404:
403:
401:
393:
376:
375:
355:
333:
324:
265:(47 BCE), while
227:Henry Nettleship
148:. The 40-volume
125:was a prominent
124:
121:
118:Verrius Flaccus
63:Publication date
26:
19:
15:
743:
742:
738:
737:
736:
734:
733:
732:
723:History of Rome
693:
692:
654:Wallace Lindsay
646:
636:
618:
616:Further reading
613:
612:
597:
593:
558:
554:
547:
531:
527:
511:
496:
465:
454:
444:
442:
433:
432:
407:
399:
395:
394:
379:
356:
347:
342:
337:
336:
325:
321:
316:
285:Sulpicius Rufus
267:Pliny the Elder
236:
205:
185:Paul the Deacon
138:Caesar Augustus
122:
119:
116:
108:Verrius Flaccus
64:
33:
12:
11:
5:
741:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
691:
690:
684:
678:
667:
666:
665:Other versions
662:
661:
645:
644:External links
642:
641:
640:
634:
617:
614:
611:
610:
591:
572:(9): 412–413.
552:
545:
525:
494:
475:(1): 169–171.
452:
405:
377:
344:
343:
341:
338:
335:
334:
318:
317:
315:
312:
235:
232:
222:is known for.
204:
201:
115:
112:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
740:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
647:
637:
635:9781905670062
631:
627:
626:
620:
619:
606:
602:
595:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
548:
546:9781843919735
542:
538:
537:
529:
521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
461:
459:
457:
440:
436:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
398:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
352:
350:
345:
331:
330:
323:
319:
311:
308:
303:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:Lucius Accius
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
231:
228:
223:
221:
215:
213:
212:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:
87:
86:
77:
74:
70:
66:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
28:Volume XX of
25:
20:
687:1474 edition
681:1839 edition
671:1889 edition
624:
604:
600:
594:
569:
565:
555:
535:
528:
519:
515:
472:
468:
443:. Retrieved
439:the original
366:(S93): 1–9.
363:
359:
328:
327:
322:
304:
297:
270:
262:
253:
252:
237:
224:
219:
216:
210:
209:
206:
180:
178:
173:
158:
141:
120:(c. 55 BCE –
117:
104:encyclopedic
90:
89:
84:
83:
82:
76:Ancient Rome
56:encyclopedia
30:André Dacier
658:Hathi Trust
281:Cornificius
234:Scholarship
189:Charlemagne
67:2nd century
697:Categories
340:References
326:Sometimes
146:dictionary
130:grammarian
114:Background
586:162344768
489:231894375
123:c. 20 CE)
106:works of
102:from the
607:: 17–36.
445:5 August
261:'s lost
94:, is an
300:Plautus
203:Content
150:lexicon
96:epitome
52:Epitome
632:
584:
543:
487:
293:Ennius
291:, and
38:Author
582:S2CID
485:S2CID
400:(PDF)
314:Notes
161:Narbo
134:Latin
127:Roman
48:Genre
630:ISBN
541:ISBN
522:(3).
447:2015
165:Gaul
574:doi
477:doi
368:doi
163:in
699::
652:-
605:31
603:.
580:.
568:.
564:.
520:33
518:.
497:^
483:.
473:59
471:.
455:^
408:^
380:^
364:50
362:.
348:^
295:.
287:,
283:,
279:,
214:.
54:,
677:)
660:)
638:.
588:.
576::
570:4
549:.
491:.
479::
449:.
374:.
370::
332:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
