Cultural imperialism

938:, which was "an agent of British cultural imperialism." Another way, was by the imposition of educational material on the colonies for an "imperial curriculum". Robin A. Butlin writes, "The promotion of empire through books, illustrative materials, and educational syllabuses was widespread, part of an education policy geared to cultural imperialism". This was also true of science and technology in the empire. Douglas M. Peers and Nandini Gooptu note that "Most scholars of colonial science in India now prefer to stress the ways in which science and technology worked in the service of colonialism, as both a 'tool of empire' in the practical sense and as a vehicle for cultural imperialism. In other words, science developed in India in ways that reflected colonial priorities, tending to benefit Europeans at the expense of Indians, while remaining dependent on and subservient to scientific authorities in the colonial metropolis." British sports were spread across the Empire partially as a way of encouraging British values and cultural uniformity, though this was tempered by the fact that colonised peoples gained a sense of nationalistic pride by defeating the British in their own sports. 589:(1991), claims that cross-consideration and integration of empirical findings on cultural imperialist influences is very critical in terms of understanding mass media in the international sphere. He recognises both of contradictory contexts on cultural imperialist impacts. The first context is where cultural imperialism imposes socio-political disruptions on developing nations. Western media can distort images of foreign cultures and provoke personal and social conflicts to developing nations in some cases. Another context is that peoples in developing nations resist to foreign media and preserve their cultural attitudes. Although he admits that outward manifestations of Western culture may be adopted, but the fundamental values and behaviours remain still. Furthermore, positive effects might occur when male-dominated cultures adopt the "liberation" of women with exposure to Western media and it stimulates ample exchange of cultural exchange. 119: 167:" comments Jeffrey Herlihy-Mera. He described the process as being carried out in three phases by merchants, then the military, then politicians. While the third phase continues "in perpetuity", cultural imperialism tends to be "gradual, contested (and continues to be contested), and is by nature incomplete. The partial and imperfect configuration of this ontology takes an implicit conceptualization of reality and attempts—and often fails—to elide other forms of collective existence." In order to achieve that end, cultural engineering projects strive to "isolate residents within constructed spheres of symbols" such that they (eventually, in some cases after several generations) abandon other cultures and identify with the new symbols. "The broader intended outcome of these interventions might be described as a common recognition of 626:" theory. Summarizing research on the Third World's reception of American television shows, he challenges the cultural imperialism argument, conveying his doubts about the degree to which US shows in developing nations actually carry US values and improve the profits of US companies. Tomlinson suggests that cultural imperialism is growing in some respects, but local transformation and interpretations of imported media products propose that cultural diversification is not at an end in global society. He explains that one of the fundamental conceptual mistakes of cultural imperialism is to take for granted that the distribution of cultural goods can be considered as cultural dominance. He thus supports his argument highly criticising the concept that 945:. According to Danilo Raponi, the cultural imperialism of the British in the 19th century had a much wider effect than only in the British Empire. He writes, "To paraphrase Said, I see cultural imperialism as a complex cultural hegemony of a country, Great Britain, that in the 19th century had no rivals in terms of its ability to project its power across the world and to influence the cultural, political and commercial affairs of most countries. It is the 'cultural hegemony' of a country whose power to export the most fundamental ideas and concepts at the basis of its understanding of 'civilisation' knew practically no bounds." In this, for example, Raponi includes Italy. 33: 757:, such as in the European Union, India, South Africa, Canada and the United States, suggests that workable, if not perfected, integrative models exist. Each is built on the idea that tolerance is crucial to social well-being, and each at times has been threatened by both intolerance and a heightened emphasis on cultural distinctions. The greater public good warrants eliminating those cultural characteristics that promote conflict or prevent harmony, even as less-divisive, more personally observed cultural distinctions are celebrated and preserved. 178:, cultural imperialism refers to the American Empire's "coercive and persuasive agencies, and their capacity to promote and universalize an American 'way of life' in other countries without any reciprocation of influence." According to Schiller, cultural imperialism "pressured, forced and bribed" societies to integrate with the U.S.'s expansive capitalist model but also incorporated them with attraction and persuasion by winning "the mutual consent, even solicitation of the indigenous rulers." He continues remarks that it is: 160:, practices, and values of a powerful, invading society are imposed upon indigenous cultures in the occupied areas. The process is often used to describe examples of when the compulsory practices of the cultural traditions of the imperial social group are implemented upon a conquered social group. The process is also present when powerful nations are able to flood the information and media space with their ideas, limiting countries and communities ability to compete and expose people to locally created content. 199:, (i.e., the form of imperialism in which the government of the colony is run directly by foreigners), the educational and media systems of many Third World countries have been set up as replicas of those in Britain, France, or the United States and carry their values. Western advertising has made further inroads, as have architectural and fashion styles. Subtly but powerfully, the message has often been insinuated that Western cultures are superior to the cultures of the Third World." 402:". For example, it is argued that while "American companies are accused of wanting to control 95 percent of the world's consumers", "cultural imperialism involves much more than simple consumer goods; it involved the dissemination of American principles such as freedom and democracy", a process which "may sound appealing" but which "masks a frightening truth: many cultures around the world are disappearing due to the overwhelming influence of corporate and cultural America". 776: 1051:

Scrimshaw's mother was left with limited options for further education she says and is today illiterate as a result. Scrimshaw explains, "Seven generations of my ancestors went through these schools. Each new family member enrolled meant a compounding of abuse and a steady loss of identity, culture and hope. My mother was the last generation. the experience left her broken, and like so many, she turned to substances to numb these pains." A report, republished by

5212: 3947: 5236: 5224: 268:, Foucault often defines governmentality as the broad art of "governing", which goes beyond the traditional conception of governance in terms of state mandates, and into other realms such as governing "a household, souls, children, a province, a convent, a religious order, a family". This relates directly back to Machiavelli's treatise on how to retain political power at any cost, 753:

or eradicate the more subversive elements of culture (exclusionary aspects of religion, language, and political/ideological beliefs). History shows that bridging cultural gaps successfully and serving as a home to diverse peoples requires certain social structures, laws, and institutions that transcend culture. Furthermore, the history of a number of ongoing experiments in

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stripping naked, in public, for exercise, was looked on askance by Roman writers, who considered the practice to be a cause of the Greeks' effeminacy and enslavement. The Roman example has been linked to modern instances of European imperialism in African countries, bridging the two instances with Slavoj Zizek's discussions of 'empty signifiers'. The

1044:, describes this form of operation: "The government provided little leadership, and the clergy in charge were left to decide what to teach and how to teach it. Their priority was to impart the teachings of their church or order—not to provide a good education that could help students in their post-graduation lives." In a 965:"as an instrument for transmuting French universalism into cultural imperialism." Members of the institute (who included Napoleon), descended upon Egypt in 1798. "Upon arrival they organised themselves into an Institute of Cairo. The Rosetta Stone is their most famous find. The science of Egyptology is their legacy." 241:, Foucault defines power as immaterial, as a "certain type of relation between individuals" that has to do with complex strategic social positions that relate to the subject's ability to control its environment and influence those around itself. According to Foucault, power is intimately tied with his conception of 245:. "Truth", as he defines it, is a "system of ordered procedures for the production, regulation, distribution, circulation, and operation of statements" which has a "circular relation" with systems of power. Therefore, inherent in systems of power, is always "truth", which is culturally specific, inseparable from 360:, referring to the communities that participate in the Sati, are not able to represent themselves through their own voice. Spivak says that cultural imperialism has the power to disqualify or erase the knowledge and mode of education of certain populations that are low on the social and economic hierarchy. 913:

was imposed on many parts of Rome's empire by "many regions receiving Roman culture unwillingly, as a form of cultural imperialism." For example, when Greece was conquered by the Roman armies, Rome set about altering the culture of Greece to conform with Roman ideals. For instance, the Greek habit of

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Successful multicultural societies, be they nations, federations, or other conglomerations of closely interrelated states, discern those aspects of culture that do not threaten union, stability, or prosperity (such as food, holidays, rituals, and music) and allow them to flourish. But they counteract

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as examples of culture (in some cases expressed in the ideology of "political culture" or religion) being misused to justify violence. He also acknowledges that cultural imperialism in the past has been guilty of forcefully eliminating the cultures of natives in the Americas and in Africa, or through

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the sum processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centres of the system. The

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A mere 9 years after the 1867 signing of confederation Canada passed "The Indian Act", a separate and not equal form of government especially for First Nations. The Indian Act remains in place today, confining and constraining Indigenous jurisdiction in every area of life, in direct contravention of

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are generally taken as true. (One cannot critique promoting Western values if one believes that said values are good. Similarly, one cannot argue that Western epistemology is unjustly promoted in non-Western societies if one believes that those epistemologies are good.) Therefore, those who disagree

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of public education. This, arguably has led to uneven development, and further informal forms of social control having to do with culture and imperialism. A variety of factors, scholars argue, lead to the elimination of cultures, worldviews, and epistemologies, such as "de-linguicization" (replacing

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Of all the areas of the world that scholars have claimed to be adversely affected by imperialism, Africa is probably the most notable. In the expansive "age of imperialism" of the nineteenth century, scholars have argued that European colonisation in Africa has led to the elimination of many various

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Numerous policies focused on indigenous persons came into effect shortly thereafter. Most notable is the use of residential schools across Canada as a means to remove indigenous persons from their culture and instill in them the beliefs and values of the majorised colonial hegemony. The policies of

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Cultural dominance can also be seen in the 1930s in Australia where the Aboriginal Assimilation Policy acted as an attempt to wipe out the Native Australian people. The British settlers tried to biologically alter the skin colour of the Australian Aboriginal people through mixed breeding with white

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and openness to cultural change in order to avoid war and conflict between cultures as well as expanding accepted technological and legal standards to provide free traders with enough security to do business with more countries. Rothkopf's definition almost exclusively involves allowing individuals

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The core of cultural imperialism thesis is integrated with the political-economy traditional approach in media effects research. Critics of cultural imperialism commonly claim that non-Western cultures, particularly from the Third World, will forsake their traditional values and lose their cultural

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Cultural imperialism may take various forms, such as an attitude, a formal policy, or military action—insofar as each of these reinforces the empire's cultural hegemony. Research on the topic occurs in scholarly disciplines, and is especially prevalent in communication and media studies, education,

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There are many countries affected by the US and their pop-culture. For example, the film industry in Nigeria referred to as "Nollywood" being the second largest as it produces more films annually than the United States, their films are shown across Africa. Another term that describes the spread of

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in the middle of the twentieth century. Alan Steinweis and Daniel Rogers note that even before the Nazis came to power, "Already in the Weimar Republic, German academic specialists on eastern Europe had contributed through their publications and teaching to the legitimization of German territorial

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set up the European Union of Writers, "one of Goebbels's most ambitious projects for Nazi cultural hegemony. Presumably a means of gathering authors from Germany, Italy, and the occupied countries to plan the literary life of the new Europe, the union soon emerged as a vehicle of German cultural

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kingdoms and cities across Egypt, the Near East, Central Asia, and Northwest India where Greek culture fused with the cultures of the indigenous peoples. The Greek influence prevailed even longer in science and literature, where medieval Muslim scholars in the Middle East studied the writings of

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op-ed, Gabrielle Scrimshaw describes her grandparents being forced to send her mother to one of these schools or risk imprisonment. After hiding her mother on "school pick up day" so as to avoid sending their daughter to institutions whose abuse was well known at the time (mid-20th century).

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is occurring through global overflow of American television products. He points to a myriad of examples of television networks who have managed to dominate their domestic markets and that domestic programs generally top the ratings. He also doubts the concept that cultural agents are passive

568:, claiming that it has created a misrepresentation of the "third world woman" as being completely powerless, unable to resist male dominance. Thus, this leads to the often critiqued narrative of the "white man" saving the "brown woman" from the "brown man". Other, more radical critiques of 496:

is often critiqued by sociologists, anthropologists, and cultural studies scholars as being culturally imperialistic. Critics of neoliberalism, at times, claim that it is the newly predominant form of imperialism. Other scholars, such as Elizabeth Dunn and Julia Elyachar have claimed that

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public media are the foremost example of operating enterprises that are used in the penetrative process. For penetration on a significant scale the media themselves must be captured by the dominating/penetrating power. This occurs largely through the commercialization of broadcasting.

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reflect on the notion of race and culture playing a significant role in imperialism. The idea that there is a distinction between the Germans and the Jews has created the illusion of Germans believing they were superior to the Jewish inferiors, the notion of us/them and self/others.

748:." The most important way to deal with cultural influence in any nation, according to Rothkopf, is to promote tolerance and allow, or even promote, cultural diversities that are compatible with tolerance and to eliminate those cultural differences that cause violent conflict: 454:. Proponents of this idea argue either that such diversity is valuable in itself, to preserve human historical heritage and knowledge, or instrumentally valuable because it makes available more ways of solving problems and responding to catastrophes, natural or otherwise. 378:

can refer to either the forced acculturation of a subject population, or to the voluntary embracing of a foreign culture by individuals who do so of their own free will. Since these are two very different referents, the validity of the term has been called into question.

386:. It seems therefore useful to distinguish between cultural imperialism as an (active or passive) attitude of superiority, and the position of a culture or group that seeks to complement its own cultural production, considered partly deficient, with imported products. 5408: 397:

does not necessarily perceive this link, but instead absorbs the foreign culture passively through the use of the foreign goods and services. Due to its somewhat concealed, but very potent nature, this hypothetical idea is described by some experts as

1036:, were to forcefully assimilate students who were often removed with force from their families. These schools forbid students from using their native languages and participating in their own cultural practices. Residential schools were largely run by 547:

and the state promoted neoliberal governmentality through schemas of economic development that relied upon "youth microentrepreneurs". Youth microentrepreneurs would receive small loans to build their own businesses, similar to the way that

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that are not explicitly individualistic, and at times going as far as to not only define Western culture itself as science, but that non-Western approaches to science, the Arts, indigenous culture, etc. are not even knowledge. One scholar,

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Culture is sometimes used by the organisers of society—politicians, theologians, academics, and families—to impose and ensure order, the rudiments of which change over time as need dictates. One need only look at the 20th century's

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Some believe that the newly globalised economy of the late 20th and early 21st century has facilitated this process through the use of new information technology. This kind of cultural imperialism is derived from what is called

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has a 1921 reference to the "cultural imperialism of the Russians", John Tomlinson, in his book on the subject, writes that the term emerged in the 1960s and has been a focus of research since at least the 1970s. Terms such as

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Although the term was popularised in the 1960s, and was used by its original proponents to refer to cultural hegemonies in a post-colonial world, cultural imperialism has also been used to refer to times further in the past.

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and cultural imperialism. These scholars operated primarily in the disciplines of history, economics, geography, and literature." In the area of music, Michael Kater writes that during the WWII German occupation of France,

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The historical contexts, iterations, complexities, and politics of Schiller's foundational and substantive theorization of cultural imperialism in international communication and media studies are discussed in detail by

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Indigenous groups, along with cultural studies scholars, view the Native mascots as hegemonic devices–commodification tools–that advance a contemporary manifest destiny by marketing Native culture as Euromerican

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The colonisation of native peoples in North America remains active today despite the closing of the majority of residential schools. This form of cultural imperialism continues in the use of Native Americans as

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John Tomlinson provides a critique of cultural imperialism theory and reveals major problems in the way in which the idea of cultural, as opposed to economic or political, imperialism is formulated. In his book

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Keeping in line with the trends of international imperialistic endeavours, the expansion of Canadian and American territory in the 19th century saw cultural imperialism employed as a means of control over

481:, claims that imperialism inherently "involve extensively interactive regimes and heavy contexts of identity deformation, misrecognition, loss of self-esteem, and individual and social doubt in 1125:, states that the "Nazis' Germanization project was based on a historically unprecedented programme of racial stock-taking, theft, expulsion and murder." Also, "The full integration of the 5416: 683:

magazine. Rothkopf says that the United States should embrace "cultural imperialism" as in its self-interest. But his definition of cultural imperialism stresses spreading the values of

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populations. This, when used in conjunction of more traditional forms of ethnic cleansing and genocide in the United States, saw devastating, lasting effects on indigenous communities.

367:, Spivak argues that Western philosophy has a history of not only exclusion of the subaltern from discourse, but also does not allow them to occupy the space of a fully human subject. 5527: 5487: 3626:

Gregory, Derek, Johnston, Ron, and Pratt, Geraldine, eds. Dictionary of Human Geography (5th Edition). Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 1 February 2015.

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British worldwide expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries was an economic and political phenomenon. However, "there was also a strong social and cultural dimension to it, which

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Downing and Sreberny-Mohammadi state: "Cultural imperialism signifies the dimensions of the process that go beyond economic exploitation or military force. In the history of

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Western cultural influence is "Hollywoodization" it is when American culture is promoted through Hollywood films which can culturally affect the viewers of Hollywood films.

5448: 1080:, Kent Ono and Derek Buescher wrote: "Euro-American culture has made a habit of appropriating, and redefining what is 'distinctive' and constitutive of Native Americans." 1149:

in the form legal system to include commodification and marketing of indigenous resources (example medicinal, spiritual or artistic) and genetic resources (example human

337:(1939–1945), colonial imperialism left a cultural legacy to the (previously) colonised peoples, which remains in their contemporary civilisations; and that said American 631:

receivers of information. He states that movement between cultural/geographical areas always involves translation, mutation, adaptation, and the creation of hybridity.

564:

Often, methods of promoting development and social justice are critiqued as being imperialistic in a cultural sense. For example, Chandra Mohanty has critiqued Western

5495: 4833: 572:, have to do with the field of study itself. Some scholars even question the intentions of those developing the field of study, claiming that efforts to "develop" the 5631: 3415: 5615: 5551: 163:

Cultural imperialism has been called a process that intends to transition the "cultural symbols of the invading communities from 'foreign' to 'natural,''domestic,

708:. In each one, leaders used culture as a political front to fuel the passions of their armies and other minions and to justify their actions among their people. 5591: 5519: 5456: 2582: 634:

Other key critiques are that the term is not defined well, and employs further terms that are not defined well, and therefore lacks explanatory power, that

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were never about the South itself. Instead, these efforts, it is argued, were made in order to advance Western development and reinforce Western hegemony.

356:, as being controlled by authors other than the participants (specifically English colonizers and Hindu leaders). Because of this, Spivak argues that the 5559: 1129:

into this New Order required the complete Germanization of the Protectorate's cultural life and the eradication of indigenous Czech and Jewish culture."

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of the Orient vs. the Occident, wherein one concept is defined in opposition to the other concept, and from which they emerge as of unequal value. In

5535: 5440: 5432: 410:". The theory of electronic colonialism extends the issue to global cultural issues and the impact of major multi-media conglomerates, ranging from 3859:(6). The Center for Electronic Journalism at the American University in Cairo and the Centre for Middle East Studies, St. Antony’s College, Oxford. 524:

policies, such as promoting competition among workers rather than cooperation, and in its strong opposition to what the company owners claimed was

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Foucault's interpretation of governance is also very important in constructing theories of transnational power structure. In his lectures at the

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are created through power relations that are culturally specific, which lead to various forms of culturally specific governmentality such as

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In 2017 Canada celebrated its 150-year anniversary of the confederating of three British colonies. As Catherine Murton Stoehr points out in

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In Italy during the war, Germany pursued "a European cultural front that gravitates around German culture". The Nazi propaganda minister

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is often understood as the cultural legacy of Western colonialism, or forms of social action contributing to the continuation of Western

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control from 1918 to 1930. An early use of the term appeared in an essay by Paul Ruhlmann (as "Peter Hartmann") at that date, entitled

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and consumption of news and popular music and film as cultural dominance that he supports. Rothkopf additionally makes the point that

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supposedly operates. Elyachar argues though, that these programs not only were a failure, but that they shifted cultural opinions of

215:. To some outside of the realm of this discourse, the term is critiqued as being unclear, unfocused, and/or contradictory in nature. 123: 3567: 3373: 3073: 3677: 3127: 3100: 3456: 918:

was secured in the empire, in part, by the "forced acculturation of the culturally diverse populations that Rome had conquered."

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Ono, Kent A.; Buescher, Derek T. (2001). "Deciphering Pocahontas: Unpackaging the commodification of a native American woman".

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One of the reasons often given for opposing any form of cultural imperialism, voluntary or otherwise, is the preservation of

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for schools and athletic teams. Jason Edward Black, a professor and chair in the Department of Communication Studies at the

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Coca-colonization and the Cold War : the cultural mission of the United States in Austria after the Second World War

1126: 189: 40:. The father continues to wear the traditional clothing of his region while the son has already adopted Western clothing. 688:

in other nations to accept or reject foreign cultural influences. He also mentions, but only in passing, the use of the

79:) to create and maintain unequal social and economic relationships among social groups. Cultural imperialism often uses 5464: 1067:, describes how the use of Native Americans as mascots furthers the colonial attitudes of the 18th and 19th centuries. 3354:. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction. 18 October 2023 5766: 3927: 3137: 3110: 3083: 2348: 2313: 2083: 1958: 1909: 1860: 1826: 1707: 1672: 1536: 819: 126:, which aimed to eliminate Indigenous language and culture and replace it with English language and Christian beliefs 845:

are known for spreading their culture around the Mediterranean and Near East through trade and conquest. During the

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people. The policy also made attempts to forcefully conform the Aborigines to western ideas of dress and education.

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Tan, Alexis S.; Tan, Gerdean K.; Tan, Alma S. (1987). "American TV in the Philippines: A Test of Cultural Impact".

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was also an early example of cultural imperialism. Early Rome, in its conquest of Italy, assimilated the people of

3302: 5567: 5543: 5035: 2981:, Summer 1997, Volume 107, pp. 38–53; all descriptions of Rothkopf's points and his quotes are from this article 2579: 1769:

Cultural imperialism and the decline of the liberal order : Russian and Western soft power in Eastern Europe

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Dunch, Ryan (2002). "Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Cultural Theory, Christian Missions, and Global Modernity".

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Black, Jason Edward (2002). "The "Mascotting" of Native America: Construction, Commodity, and Assimilation".

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The imported products or services can themselves represent, or be associated with, certain values (such as

342: 319:

of what is and what is not "Oriental". Whereby said "knowledge" then led to cultural tendencies towards a

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churches, operating in conjunction with Christian missions with minimal government oversight. The book,

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Cultural influence can be seen by the "receiving" culture as either a threat to or an enrichment of its

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identities when they are solely exposed to Western media. Nonetheless, Michael B. Salwen, in his book

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The analysis of cultural imperialism carried out by Edward Said drew principally from a study of the

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upon the post-soviet persons hired. Cultural conflicts occurred most notably the company's inherent

5679: 5575: 5365: 5313: 5267: 5228: 5137: 5127: 5030: 4828: 4529: 1471: – religious conversion of an individual that results from a relationship with another convert 1186: 1109:, became "at least nominally, a servant of Nazi cultural imperialism directed against the French." 32: 5808: 5778: 5321: 4948: 4208: 4178: 4112: 4097: 3877:

no. 107, Summer 1997, pp. 38–53, which argues that cultural imperialism is a positive thing.

2566: 1400: 934:'." One of the ways this was carried out was by religious proselytising, by, amongst others, the 910: 658: 325: 92: 2629: 438:

with the focus on the hegemonic power of these mainly United States-based communication giants.

141:", "structural imperialism", "cultural dependency and domination", "cultural synchronization", " 5709: 4883: 4630: 4499: 4347: 4340: 4305: 4092: 4020: 2703: 1260: 1254: 1224: 881:, spreading Greek pagan religion, art, and science along the way. This resulted in the rise of 728: 670: 316: 142: 107: 3007: 2899:

Kang, Jong Geun; Morgan, Michael (1988). "Culture Clash: Impact of U.S. Television in Korea".

1185:" have been coined to describe the spread of Western cultural influence, especially after the 797: 238: 5357: 5152: 5070: 4943: 4767: 4645: 4590: 4580: 4570: 4444: 4300: 4252: 4142: 4107: 3984: 3964: 3920: 3793:. Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. University of Toronto Press. 3129:

Being Greek Under Rome: Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire

2974: 1230: 1009: 981: 931: 906: 3431: 5912: 5669: 5147: 5117: 5025: 5015: 4953: 4933: 4862: 4655: 4600: 4494: 4127: 4122: 2463: 2280: 1468: 1456: 1168: 977: 654: 315:, which criticises Western knowledge of "The East"—specifically the English and the French 312: 146: 3334:

The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 9, War and Peace in an Age of Upheaval, 1793–1830

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of the land itself (on behalf of the organizations publishing and financing the images)."

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Dossa, Shiraz (2007). "Slicing Up 'Development': Colonialism, political theory, ethics".

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The term refers largely to the exercise of power in a cultural relationship in which the

122:

Indigenous children who have been taken from their parents and placed in a Western-style

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White, Livingston A. (Spring–Summer 2001). "Reconsidering cultural imperialism theory".

2258:"After American Studies: Rethinking the Legacies of Transnational Exceptionalism |" 2232:"After American Studies: Rethinking the Legacies of Transnational Exceptionalism |" 610:

with cultural relativism and/or constructivism may critique the employment of the term,

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no. 6, Spring/Summer 2001, which argues that the idea of media imperialism is outdated.

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Abdi, Ali A (2000). "Globalization, Culture, and Development: Perspectives on Africa".

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Decolonisation in Germany: Weimar Narratives of Colonial Loss and Foreign Occupation

2385: 1403: – Cultural assimilation of peripheral populations by the Roman Republic/Empire 1016:, the occasion came with remembrance of Canada's treatment of First Nations people. 5829: 5818: 5729: 5216: 5102: 5055: 5003: 4983: 4958: 4893: 4850: 4808: 4772: 4755: 4745: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4534: 4489: 4479: 4335: 4320: 4257: 4198: 4163: 4102: 4067: 4062: 3989: 3974: 3913: 3757: 3711: 3541: 3490: 3389:"Stolen Lives: The Indigenous Peoples of Canada and the Indian Residential Schools" 3043: 2943: 2908: 2873: 2846: 2837:

Salwen, Michael B. (March 1991). "Cultural imperialism: A media effects approach".

2811: 2774: 2636: 2428: 2381: 2141: 1484: 1309: 1257: – Transfer of a dominant language to other people as a demonstration of power 1182: 1013: 849:, the burgeoning Greek city-states established settlements and colonies across the 754: 689: 411: 175: 2022:

Cultural imperialism : essays on the political economy of cultural domination

1091:

has also been used in connection with the expansion of German influence under the

1042:

Stolen Lives: The Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Indian Residentials Schools

793:

missing information on non-Western examples, e.g. Tibet, Ottomans, Imperial Japan.

712: 5793: 5714: 5654: 5649: 5290: 5192: 5187: 5112: 4973: 4928: 4918: 4845: 4840: 4777: 4750: 4725: 4695: 4690: 4670: 4665: 4449: 4424: 4357: 4215: 3250: 3199:"Batting for the British Empire: how Victorian cricket was more than just a game" 3047: 2986: 2586: 2108: 1391: – Process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture 1388: 1373: 1361: 1326: 1276: 1174: 1162: 1118: 1113: 969: 927: 627: 597:

Critics of scholars who discuss cultural imperialism have a number of critiques.

498: 353: 234: 222: 219: 192:

researchers Richard Maxwell, Vincent Mosco, Graham Murdock, and Tanner Mirrlees.

59:. The word "imperialism" describes practices in which a country engages culture ( 512:, Gerber, into Poland in the 1990s imposed Western, neoliberal governmentality, 149:" have all been used to describe the same basic notion of cultural imperialism. 95:, linguistics, literature, post-colonialism, science, sociology, social theory, 5724: 4988: 4913: 4908: 4878: 4857: 4782: 4715: 4539: 4519: 4082: 3999: 3703: 3319:

Religion and Politics in the Risorgimento: Britain and the New Italy, 1861–1875

2912: 2877: 1436: 1412: 1394: 1355: 1303: 1046: 1027: 942: 846: 842: 679: 650: 468: 3715: 3545: 3225:"How India came to love cricket, favored sport of its colonial British rulers" 2850: 2815: 2432: 2145: 2006: 1787: 1580: 1358: – Spread of the Dutch language, people or the culture of the Netherlands 333:, Saïd proposes that, despite the formal end of the "age of empire" after the 298: 5886: 5871: 5861: 5744: 5197: 5182: 5167: 5142: 5132: 5060: 5020: 4888: 4760: 4524: 4504: 4469: 4389: 4330: 4310: 4295: 4269: 4183: 4132: 3502: 3427: 2479: 2440: 2040: 1752: 1633: 1424: 1406: 1382: 1344: 1332: 1291: 1178: 1146: 720: 693: 521: 493: 482: 3895: 3789:

Cultural imperialism: essays on the political economy of cultural domination

3761: 2749:

Markets of Dispossession: NGOs, Economic Development, and the State in Cairo

2416: 2358: 2093: 1968: 1919: 1870: 1836: 1717: 1546: 1227: – Adoption of culture and cultural identity perceived as inappropriate 5823: 5813: 5798: 5162: 5107: 5095: 5080: 5050: 4963: 4903: 4509: 4193: 4173: 4168: 4117: 3840:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. 2323: 1986: 1982: 1767: 1560: 1498: 1430: 1418: 1367: 1320: 1133: 1102: 1037: 894: 866: 573: 549: 517: 464: 451: 334: 283: 3494: 2934:

Sparkes, Verone (1977). "TV across the Canadian Border: Does It Matter?".

2020: 1734:

Buffalo Bill in Bologna : the Americanization of the world, 1869-1922

1732: 1682: 1613: 1409: – Measures to increase the influence of Russian culture and language 5749: 5659: 5409:

I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister and My Brother

5172: 5075: 5045: 4730: 4188: 4087: 3994: 3898:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Linda Colley, Phillip Dodd and Mary Beard ( 3457:"Residential School Students Had Same Odds of Dying as Soldiers in WW II" 2338: 2073: 1948: 1899: 1850: 1816: 1737:. Rob Kroes (Pbk. ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. 1697: 1526: 1450: 1338: 905:

with Latin, which led to the demise of that language and many aspects of

741: 639: 478: 415: 390: 196: 56: 3569:

The Impact of Nazism: New Perspectives on the Third Reich and Its Legacy

2303: 592: 5694: 4237: 4015: 3769: 3510: 2788: 2779: 2762: 2640: 2630:"Exploring the intellectual foundations of Egyptian national education" 1662: 1297: 1203: 1106: 1097: 915: 736: 684: 407: 287: 270: 37: 2729:

Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of Labor

2675:

Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature.

2496:: Towards a Criticism of Political Reason" in Faubion, James D. (ed.) 2464:"U.S. Empire and Communications Today: Revisiting Herbert I. Schiller" 2281:"U.S. Empire and Communications Today: Revisiting Herbert I. Schiller" 1487: – Process by which Christianity spreads in a society or culture 102:

Cultural imperialism may be distinguished from the natural process of

5734: 5065: 4464: 2522:

Foucault, Michel. 1978. "Governmentality" in Faubion, James D. (ed.)

2509:

Foucault, Michel. 1979. "Truth and Power" in Faubion, James D. (ed.)

2134:

Besnier, Niko; Brownell, Susan; Carter, Thomas F. (8 December 2017).

1352: – Chilean transculturation process in Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá 1242: 1055:, estimates nearly 6,000 children died in the care of these schools. 887: 862: 435: 427: 153: 76: 64: 3881:"Reconsidering cultural imperialism theory" by Livingston A. White, 2257: 2231: 1855:. Amy Kaplan, Donald E. Pease. Durham: Duke University Press. 1993. 1221: – Internalized attitude of ethnic or very cultural inferiority 5704: 5664: 1465: – Adoption of a different religion or irreligion under duress 1052: 972:, Germans were worried about the extent of French influence in the 724: 705: 697: 565: 513: 473: 308: 301:

is a founding figure of postcolonialism, established with the book

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from 24 February 2000, discussing the idea of cultural imperialism

2763:"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" 2380:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. wbiecs131, 3936: 3002:

Globalization and the challenges of a new century : a reader

2998:

O'Meara, Patrick.; Mehlinger, Howard D.; Krain, Matthew. (2000).

2216:

White, Livingston A. "Reconsidering Cultural Imperialism Theory"

1341: – Process of growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations 1294: – Spread of world views, products, ideas, capital and labor 898: 716: 525: 485:." Therefore, all imperialism would always, already be cultural. 419: 394: 52: 1565:. Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Tanner Mirrlees. Lanham, Maryland. 2020. 673:), wrote about cultural imperialism in his provocatively titled 4247: 2600:

Entertainment and Society: Influences, Impacts, and Innovations

1060: 878: 854: 745: 732: 431: 423: 80: 68: 3637:"western cultural imperialism: Topics by WorldWideScience.org" 2662:

Anthropology of Anger: Civil Society and Democracy in Africa.

2308:. White Plains, N.Y.: International Arts and Sciences Press. 2025:. Bernd Hamm, Russell Smandych. Peterborough, Ontario. 2005. 1285: – Period of sociopolitical turmoil in China (1966–1976) 1092: 858: 536: 275: 242: 3784: 2580:

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. "Can the Subaltern Speak"

1215: – Purported rationale or justification for colonialism 873:

conquered Persian and Indian territories all the way to the

5512:

Aesthetics, Method, Epistemology (Essential Works Volume 2)

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in a way that favoured Western ways of thinking and being.

157: 106:. The spread of culture around the world is referred to as 3905: 2696:

Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences

1981: 1279: – Feeling of inferiority of one's culture to another 450:, a goal seen by some as analogous to the preservation of 237:. Following an interpretation of power similar to that of 5504:

Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Essential Works Volume 1)

2997: 1427: – Adoption of Soviet political system and mentality 1150: 540: 3702:

Martin, Judith N.; Nakayama, Thomas K. (19 April 2011),

3006:. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. 1615:

Hearts and mines : the US empire's culture industry

1008:, a publication organised by the history departments of 472:

native African languages with European ones), devaluing

3277:"'The Revenge of Plassey': Football in the British Raj" 2602:(2nd ed.). Oxon, New York: Routledge. p. 31. 2251: 2249: 2110:

Terracotta Reader: A Market Approach to the Environment

1323: – Spread of Albanian culture, people and language 1287:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

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the nation's founding treaties with indigenous nations.

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is hard to measure, and that the theory of a legacy of

3704:"Intercultural Communication and Dialectics Revisited" 3034:

Caruso, Jennifer (2012). "Turn This Water into Wine".

1531:(2nd ed., updated ed.). Boulder: Westview Press. 1439: – Adoption of or assimilation by Western culture 1415: – Spread of Serbian culture, people, or politics 948: 869:

peoples of the region. In the late fourth century BC,

83:, media power and violence to implement the system of 3416:"Opinion | Canada's Hidden History, My Mother and Me" 3155:

Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, Volume 2

3067: 3065: 2133: 1312: – Phenomenon of merging and converging cultures 3708:

The Handbook of Critical Intercultural Communication

3132:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2 & 114. 2246: 1473:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

1378:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

1376: – neologism for the Hawaiian cultural populism 1364: – Adoption/spread of European styles and norms 700:

are accelerating the process of cultural influence.

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critiques common representations in the West of the

341:

is very influential in the international systems of

2075:

Cultural imperialism : a critical introduction

1702:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 497:neoliberalism requires and creates its own form of 3786: 3678:"Viewpoints; A Brief History of Coca-Colonization" 3062: 2999: 2078:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. 645: 2597: 1105:, a German conductor based by the Nazi regime in 601:is a term that is only used in discussions where 229:particularly his philosophical interpretation of 5884: 3816: 3807: 3675: 1950:Postcolonialism : a very short introduction 370: 3710:, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 59–83, 2537:White Mythologies: Writing History and the West 2378:The International Encyclopedia of Communication 1493: – Organized effort to spread Christianity 1453: – Attempt to convert others to a religion 1397: – Cultural assimilation of Persian traits 1233: – Adoption of features of another culture 744:, "and during the expansion of virtually every 274:, and Foucault's aforementioned conceptions of 3785:Hamm, Bernd; Russell Charles Smandych (2005). 3701: 2547: 2545: 1772:. Michael O. Slobodchikoff. Lanham, Maryland. 1562:Media imperialism : continuity and change 991: 393:). According to one argument, the "receiving" 207:In poststructuralist and postcolonial theory, 5275: 3921: 3838:Cultural imperialism: a critical introduction 3660: 3602:, University of California Press, 2001, p.17. 3304:The Debate on the Rise of British Imperialism 3223:Love, Adam; Dzikus, Lars (26 February 2020). 2623: 2621: 2619: 1421: – Assimilation into Han Chinese culture 783:The examples and perspective in this section 620:Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction 113: 5403:Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France 3587:, Oxford University Press, USA, 1999, p.275. 3173:, Manchester University Press, 1995, p. 182. 2524:Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 3: Power 2511:Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 3: Power 2498:Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 3: Power 2255: 2229: 1605: 261: 249:which often coincides with various forms of 36:A jaguar hunter and his son, natives of the 3531: 3337:. Cambridge University Press, 1965, p. 126. 3252:Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India 3158:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, p. 682. 3075:Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2542: 1695: 593:Criticisms of "cultural imperialism theory" 5282: 5268: 3928: 3914: 3584:Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits 3307:, Manchester University Press, 2006, p. 7. 3222: 3098: 2898: 2616: 2106: 2053:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1988:Science, Medicine and Cultural Imperialism 1932:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1814: 1800:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1646:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1300: – Will to recapture a lost territory 804:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 3835: 3413: 3105:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. 2960:Lechner, Frank J. and Boli, John (2009). 2863: 2778: 2707: 2539:, New York & London: Routledge, 1990. 2343:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. 2071: 1121:, writing about cultural imperialism and 1117:imperialism." For other parts of Europe, 1065:University of North Carolina at Charlotte 957:writes about the cultural imperialism of 820:Learn how and when to remove this message 3125: 3102:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 2967: 2734: 2461: 2421:International Journal of Cultural Policy 2301: 2278: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2137:Two. Sport, Colonialism, and Imperialism 1904:(1st Vintage books ed.). New York. 1611: 1524: 1370: – Expansion of the French language 986:French Cultural Imperialism on the Rhine 579: 117: 31: 3534:Critical Studies in Media Communication 2933: 2839:Critical Studies in Media Communication 2760: 2754: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2414: 2336: 1528:Mass communications and American empire 1206: – Concept developed by Joseph Nye 508:, she argues that the expansion of the 457: 225:has heavily influenced use of the term 14: 5885: 3617:, Yale University Press, 2011, p. 263. 3614:Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich 3378:, Peter Lang, 2007, pp. 165 & 216. 3322:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 56–58. 3033: 2836: 2830: 2627: 2468:The Political Economy of Communication 2285:The Political Economy of Communication 1730: 1660: 1459: – Adoption of religious beliefs 1329: – Global influence of US culture 1145:Cultural imperialism manifests in the 1140: 587:Critical Studies in Mass Communication 559: 5263: 3909: 3854: 3747: 3665:. Los Angeles, USA: Pine Forge Press. 3599:Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1922–1945 3480: 3414:Scrimshaw, Gabrielle (30 June 2017). 2801: 2573: 2371: 2305:Communication and cultural domination 2203: 2107:Shah, Parth; Maitra, Vidisha (2005). 1946: 1852:Cultures of United States imperialism 1765: 1335: – Form of cultural assimilation 441: 5223: 4824:Role of Christianity in civilization 3871:"In Praise of Cultural Imperialism?" 3454: 3170:Geography and Imperialism, 1820–1940 3071: 2731:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 2716: 2693: 2680: 2462:Mirrlees, Tanner (14 January 2016). 1985:; Mark Walker, eds. (January 1991). 1897: 1821:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 1520: 1518: 1433: – Assimilation to Thai culture 769: 202: 5389:Introduction to Kant's Anthropology 5289: 5235: 3676:Mark Pendergrast (15 August 1993). 3248: 2975:"In Praise of Cultural Imperialism" 2417:"Notes from the Number One Country" 1953:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1306: – Conceptual right of nations 1083: 949:Other pre-Second World War examples 622:, he delves into the much debated " 535:, she focuses on ways in which, in 293: 218:The work of French philosopher and 145:", "ideological imperialism", and " 24: 5417:Language, Counter-Memory, Practice 3883:Transnational Broadcasting Studies 3857:Transnational Broadcasting Studies 3817:Lechner, Frank; John Boli (2012). 3808:Lechner, Frank; John Boli (2009). 3572:, U of Nebraska Press, 2003, p.72. 3078:. SAGE Publications. p. 537. 2948:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb01854.x 2667: 2650:from the original on 1 April 2018. 2598:Sayre, Shay; Cynthia King (2010). 2218:Transnational Broadcasting Studies 2140:. University of California Press. 2065: 1245: – Extermination of a culture 1156: 675:In Praise of Cultural Imperialism? 190:political economy of communication 25: 5929: 5767:Cogito and the History of Madness 5584:The Government of Self and Others 3864: 2761:Mohanty, Chandra Talpade (1988). 1664:Education as cultural imperialism 1553: 1515: 921: 711:Rothkopf then cites genocide and 365:A Critique of Postcolonial Reason 5528:Power (Essential Works Volume 3) 5234: 5222: 5211: 5210: 3945: 3249:Sen, Ronojoy (27 October 2015). 2964:(4th ed), Wiley-Blackwell. p.341 1991:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 774: 488: 5608:On the Government of the Living 5568:Security, Territory, Population 5544:The Hermeneutics of the Subject 5036:Culture and positive psychology 3946: 3695: 3669: 3654: 3629: 3620: 3605: 3590: 3575: 3560: 3525: 3474: 3448: 3407: 3381: 3366: 3340: 3325: 3310: 3295: 3269: 3242: 3216: 3191: 3176: 3161: 3146: 3119: 3092: 3027: 2991: 2954: 2927: 2892: 2857: 2795: 2654: 2591: 2558: 2529: 2516: 2503: 2486: 2455: 2415:Murdock, Graham (1 July 2006). 2408: 2386:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecs131 2376:, in Donsbach, Wolfgang (ed.), 2372:Mosco, Vincent (21 June 2010), 2365: 2330: 2295: 2272: 2223: 2194: 2182: 2170: 2127: 2100: 2013: 1975: 1940: 1891: 1385: – Spread of Greek culture 1026:these schools, as described by 976:, which under the terms of the 646:Dealing with cultural dominance 27:Cultural aspects of imperialism 5787:The Passion of Michel Foucault 5773:Foucauldian discourse analysis 4475:High- and low-context cultures 3663:The McDonaldization of Society 2256:Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey (2018). 2230:Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey (2018). 1843: 1808: 1759: 1724: 1696:Wagnleitner, Reinhold (1994). 1689: 1654: 348:In "Can the Subaltern Speak?" 87:that legitimizes imperialism. 13: 1: 5472:Politics, Philosophy, Culture 5306:Mental Illness and Psychology 3741: 3255:. Columbia University Press. 2302:Schiller, Herbert I. (1976). 1525:Schiller, Herbert I. (1992). 1263: – Philosophical concept 1033:Kill the Indian, Save the Man 765: 665:(who also served as a senior 554:value (personal and cultural) 371:Contemporary ideas and debate 5740:Power (social and political) 5600:Lectures on the Will to Know 5350:The Archaeology of Knowledge 5041:Culture and social cognition 4026:Cross-cultural communication 3566:Steinweis, AE; Rogers, DE., 3393:Facing History and Ourselves 3185:India and the British Empire 3048:10.1080/08164649.2012.705575 1251: – Political phenomenon 955:New Cambridge Modern History 836: 677:in the summer 1997 issue of 657:and an adjunct professor of 7: 5123:Intercultural communication 3935: 3188:, OUP Oxford, 2012. p. 192. 3036:Australian Feminist Studies 1815:Phillipson, Robert (1992). 1196: 992:North American colonisation 800:, discuss the issue on the 257:may be an example of this. 10: 5934: 5624:Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling 4566:Cross cultural sensitivity 4233:Resistance through culture 2913:10.1177/107769908806500225 2878:10.1177/107769908706400108 2664:Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 2555:. New York: Pantheon Books 1731:Rydell, Robert W. (2013). 1209:Related negative concepts 1166: 1160: 463:cultures, worldviews, and 350:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 114:Background and definitions 5839: 5758: 5642: 5376: 5297: 5206: 5178:Transformation of culture 4871: 4791: 4611:Cultural environmentalism 4548: 4288: 4151: 4041:Cross-cultural psychology 4036:Cross-cultural psychiatry 4031:Cross-cultural leadership 4008: 3957: 3943: 3821:. John Wiley & Sons. 3716:10.1002/9781444390681.ch5 3546:10.1080/15295030109367122 3483:American Indian Quarterly 3281:LSE International History 2851:10.1080/15295039109366778 2816:10.1080/01436590701371595 2751:US: Duke University Press 2727:Dunn, Elizabeth C. 2004. 2628:Sabrin, Mohammed (2013). 2492:Foucault, Michel. 1979. " 2433:10.1080/10286630600813727 2337:Maxwell, Richard (2003). 2279:Mirrlees, Tanner (2015). 2177:Oxford English Dictionary 2146:10.1525/9780520963818-005 1667:. New York: D. McKay Co. 1612:Mirrlees, Tanner (2016). 936:London Missionary Society 890:for scientific learning. 791:. The specific issue is: 510:multinational corporation 262: 133:Oxford English Dictionary 91:foreign policy, history, 5852:Foucault–Habermas debate 5680:Disciplinary institution 5576:The Birth of Biopolitics 5496:Society Must Be Defended 5449:Le Désordre des familles 5366:The History of Sexuality 5314:Madness and Civilization 5138:Living things in culture 5128:Intercultural competence 5031:Culture and menstruation 4530:Trans-cultural diffusion 3836:Tomlinson, John (1991). 3819:The Globalization Reader 3810:The Globalization Reader 3182:Peers, DM.; Gooptu, N., 3152:Olson, JS.; Shadle, R., 3099:Ermatinger, JW. (2004). 2985:17 November 2008 at the 2962:The Globalization Reader 2936:Journal of Communication 2570:New York: Pantheon Books 2220:no.6 Spring/Summer 2001. 2072:Tomlinson, John (1991). 1898:Said, Edward W. (1994). 1509: 1239: – Type of genocide 667:U.S. Commerce Department 533:Markets of Dispossession 5857:Chomsky–Foucault debate 5632:On the Punitive Society 5329:Death and the Labyrinth 5322:The Birth of the Clinic 4949:Cultural homogenization 4179:Individualistic culture 4113:Popular culture studies 4098:Intercultural relations 3762:10.1111/1468-2303.00208 2747:Elyachar, Julia. 2005. 2567:Culture and Imperialism 2526:New York: The New Press 2513:New York: The New Press 2500:New York: The New Press 2260:. Routledge. p. 24 2234:. Routledge. p. 23 2113:. Academic Foundation. 1901:Culture and imperialism 1766:Davis, G. Doug (2019). 1661:Carnoy, Martin (1974). 653:, managing director of 467:, particularly through 326:Culture and Imperialism 93:international relations 5616:Subjectivity and Truth 5552:The Essential Foucault 5465:What Is Enlightenment? 4884:Archaeological culture 4631:Cultural globalization 4500:Organizational culture 4348:Cultural communication 4306:Cultural appropriation 4093:Intercultural learning 4021:Cross-cultural studies 3896:"Cultural Imperialism" 3661:George Ritzer (2009). 3348:"Rhineland Occupation" 2585:5 January 2012 at the 2374:"Schiller, Herbert I." 1947:Young, Robert (2003). 1883:: CS1 maint: others ( 1818:Linguistic imperialism 1261:Scientific imperialism 1255:Linguistic imperialism 1225:Cultural appropriation 1078:Deciphering Pocahontas 1074: 1023: 729:Bosnia and Herzegovina 671:Clinton Administration 329:(1993), the sequel to 185: 143:electronic colonialism 127: 108:cultural globalization 41: 5488:The Politics of Truth 5358:Discipline and Punish 5153:Participatory culture 4944:Cultural evolutionism 4768:Multiracial democracy 4646:Cultural intelligence 4591:Cultural conservatism 4581:Cultural backwardness 4571:Cultural assimilation 4445:Cultural reproduction 4301:Cultural appreciation 4253:Far-right subcultures 4143:Transcultural nursing 4108:Philosophy of culture 3985:Cultural neuroscience 3965:Cultural anthropology 3873:, by David Rothkopf, 3495:10.1353/aiq.2004.0003 3126:Goldhill, S. (2006). 2804:Third World Quarterly 2673:wa Thiongo, N. 1986. 2057:) CS1 maint: others ( 1597:) CS1 maint: others ( 1231:Cultural assimilation 1167:Further information: 1069: 1018: 1010:Ohio State University 907:Etruscan civilisation 659:international affairs 580:Media effects studies 227:cultural imperialism, 180: 121: 35: 5675:Cultural imperialism 5670:Carceral archipelago 5592:The Courage of Truth 5148:Oppositional culture 5118:Emotions and culture 5026:Cultural sensibility 5016:Cultural translation 4954:Cultural institution 4934:Cultural determinism 4656:Cultural nationalism 4641:Cultural imperialism 4601:Cultural deprivation 4495:Non-material culture 4128:Sociology of culture 4123:Semiotics of culture 3641:worldwidescience.org 3331:Crawley, CW. (ed.), 2901:Journalism Quarterly 2866:Journalism Quarterly 2677:London: James Curry. 2564:Saïd, Edward. 1993. 2551:Saïd, Edward. 1978. 1469:Secondary conversion 1457:Religious conversion 1169:American imperialism 1089:Cultural imperialism 978:Treaty of Versailles 961:. Napoleon used the 798:improve this section 785:may not represent a 655:Kissinger Associates 642:is not always true. 636:cultural imperialism 612:cultural imperialism 599:Cultural imperialism 531:In Elyachar's work, 458:African colonisation 452:ecological diversity 376:Cultural imperialism 339:cultural imperialism 255:Cultural imperialism 209:cultural imperialism 147:economic imperialism 49:cultural colonialism 45:Cultural imperialism 18:Cultural colonialism 5457:The Foucault Reader 5336:The Order of Things 4999:Culture speculation 4994:Cultural relativism 4924:Cultural competence 4814:Cultural Christians 4686:Cultural Revolution 4676:Cultural radicalism 4651:Cultural liberalism 4586:Cultural Bolshevism 4561:Consumer capitalism 4515:Relational mobility 4455:Cultural technology 4363:Cultural dissonance 4280:Culture by location 4243:Alternative culture 4159:Constructed culture 4138:Theology of culture 4078:Cultural psychology 4058:Cultural entomology 2494:Omnes et Singulatim 2179:, within "cultural" 1283:Cultural revolution 1187:end of the Cold War 1141:Western imperialism 871:Alexander the Great 663:Columbia University 603:cultural relativism 570:development studies 560:Development studies 233:and his concept of 5893:Cultural geography 5700:Ecogovernmentality 5690:Discourse analysis 5397:What Is an Author? 5343:This Is Not a Pipe 5158:Permission culture 5091:Disability culture 5071:Children's culture 4939:Cultural diversity 4899:Circuit of culture 4681:Cultural retention 4661:Cultural pessimism 4616:Cultural exception 4606:Cultural diplomacy 4596:Cultural contracts 4556:Colonial mentality 4485:Manuscript culture 4460:Cultural universal 4430:Cultural pluralism 4410:Cultural landscape 4405:Cultural invention 4373:Cultural framework 4275:Vernacular culture 4073:Cultural mediation 4053:Cultural economics 4048:Cultural analytics 3980:Cultural geography 3970:Cultural astronomy 3812:. Wiley-Blackwell. 3750:History and Theory 3682:The New York Times 3455:Schwartz, Daniel. 3420:The New York Times 3072:Kolb, RW. (2007). 2780:10.1057/fr.1988.42 2200:Hamm, (2005), p. 4 1317:Cultural examples 1219:Colonial mentality 1213:Civilizing mission 974:occupied Rhineland 963:Institut de France 932:white man's burden 875:Indus River Valley 861:, influencing the 506:Privatizing Poland 448:cultural diversity 442:Cultural diversity 290:governmentality.) 128: 124:residential school 104:cultural diffusion 42: 5918:Political science 5908:Cultural concepts 5898:Cultural hegemony 5880: 5879: 5560:Psychiatric Power 5377:Essays, lectures, 5257: 5256: 5086:Death and culture 4979:Cultural movement 4969:Cultural literacy 4829:Eastern Orthodoxy 4741:Dominator culture 4736:Deculturalization 4636:Cultural hegemony 4626:Cultural genocide 4621:Cultural feminism 4440:Cultural property 4435:Cultural practice 4420:Cultural leveling 4415:Cultural learning 4400:Cultural industry 4395:Cultural identity 4378:Cultural heritage 4368:Cultural emphasis 4353:Cultural conflict 4326:Cultural behavior 4316:Cultural artifact 4228:Primitive culture 4204:Political culture 3890:Academic Web page 3847:978-0-8264-5013-5 3828:978-0-470-65563-4 3800:978-1-55111-707-2 3725:978-1-4443-9068-1 3436:on 1 January 2022 3262:978-0-231-53993-7 3017:978-0-253-21355-6 2973:Rothkopf, David, 2609:978-0-415-99806-2 2395:978-1-4051-8640-7 2155:978-0-520-96381-8 2120:978-81-7188-426-1 2032:978-1-4426-0209-0 1998:978-1-349-12447-3 1779:978-1-4985-8586-6 1744:978-0-226-00712-0 1625:978-0-7748-3014-0 1572:978-1-5381-2154-2 1491:Christian mission 1463:Forced conversion 1272:Cross-culturalism 1249:Green imperialism 1237:Cultural genocide 1123:Reinhard Heydrich 959:Napoleonic France 903:Etruscan language 901:by replacing the 851:Mediterranean Sea 830: 829: 822: 624:media imperialism 400:banal imperialism 384:cultural identity 321:binary opposition 313:The Enlightenment 264:Collège de France 203:Poststructuralism 139:media imperialism 85:cultural hegemony 16:(Redirected from 5925: 5903:Cultural studies 5840:Related articles 5830:Foucault in Iran 5819:Claude Raffestin 5730:Limit-experience 5425:Herculine Barbin 5284: 5277: 5270: 5261: 5260: 5238: 5237: 5226: 5225: 5214: 5213: 5103:Drinking culture 5056:Culture industry 5004:Cultural tourism 4984:Cultural mulatto 4959:Cultural jet lag 4894:Cannabis culture 4851:Cultural Muslims 4773:Pluriculturalism 4756:Multiculturalism 4746:Interculturalism 4721:Culture minister 4711:Cultural Zionism 4706:Cultural subsidy 4701:Cultural silence 4576:Cultural attaché 4535:Transculturation 4490:Material culture 4480:Interculturality 4336:Cultural capital 4321:Cultural baggage 4258:Youth subculture 4199:Official culture 4164:Dominant culture 4103:Internet culture 4068:Cultural mapping 4063:Cultural history 3990:Cultural studies 3975:Cultural ecology 3949: 3948: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3907: 3906: 3860: 3851: 3832: 3813: 3804: 3792: 3781: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3594: 3588: 3579: 3573: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3435: 3430:. Archived from 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3385: 3379: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3352:Encyclopedia.com 3344: 3338: 3329: 3323: 3314: 3308: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3229:The Conversation 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3195: 3189: 3180: 3174: 3165: 3159: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3005: 2995: 2989: 2971: 2965: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2782: 2758: 2752: 2745: 2732: 2725: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2691: 2678: 2671: 2665: 2660:Monga, C. 1996. 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2634: 2625: 2614: 2613: 2595: 2589: 2577: 2571: 2562: 2556: 2549: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2340:Herbert Schiller 2334: 2328: 2327: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2253: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2227: 2221: 2214: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2189:Tomlinson (1991) 2186: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2052: 2044: 2017: 2011: 2010: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1923: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1874: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1791: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1645: 1637: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1592: 1584: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1522: 1485:Christianization 1474: 1379: 1310:Transculturation 1288: 1183:Cocacolonization 1084:Nazi colonialism 1014:Miami University 853:, especially in 825: 818: 814: 811: 805: 778: 777: 770: 755:multiculturalism 690:English language 669:official in the 614:on those terms. 504:In Dunn's work, 335:Second World War 294:Post-colonialism 282:. (i.e. various 267: 266: 176:Herbert Schiller 166: 97:environmentalism 51:) comprises the 21: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5835: 5794:Giorgio Agamben 5754: 5715:Governmentality 5655:Author function 5650:Anti-psychiatry 5638: 5536:Fearless Speech 5441:Remarks on Marx 5433:Power/Knowledge 5380: 5378: 5372: 5293: 5291:Michel Foucault 5288: 5258: 5253: 5202: 5193:Western culture 5188:Welfare culture 5113:Eastern culture 4974:Cultural mosaic 4929:Cultural critic 4919:Cultural center 4867: 4841:Cultural Hindus 4787: 4778:Polyculturalism 4751:Monoculturalism 4726:Culture of fear 4696:Cultural safety 4691:Cultural rights 4671:Cultural racism 4666:Cultural policy 4544: 4450:Cultural system 4425:Cultural memory 4358:Cultural cringe 4284: 4216:Popular culture 4147: 4083:Cultural values 4004: 3953: 3939: 3934: 3902:, 27 June 2002) 3867: 3848: 3829: 3801: 3744: 3739: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3674: 3670: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3610: 3606: 3596:Ben-Ghiat, R., 3595: 3591: 3580: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3530: 3526: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3330: 3326: 3315: 3311: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3181: 3177: 3166: 3162: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3070: 3063: 3042:(73): 279–287. 3032: 3028: 3018: 2996: 2992: 2987:Wayback Machine 2979:Foreign Affairs 2972: 2968: 2959: 2955: 2932: 2928: 2897: 2893: 2862: 2858: 2835: 2831: 2800: 2796: 2767:Feminist Review 2759: 2755: 2746: 2735: 2726: 2717: 2709:10.1.1.474.5351 2692: 2681: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2632: 2626: 2617: 2610: 2596: 2592: 2587:Wayback Machine 2578: 2574: 2563: 2559: 2550: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2508: 2504: 2491: 2487: 2460: 2456: 2413: 2409: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2370: 2366: 2351: 2335: 2331: 2316: 2300: 2296: 2277: 2273: 2263: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2215: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2156: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2105: 2101: 2086: 2070: 2066: 2046: 2045: 2033: 2019: 2018: 2014: 1999: 1983:Teresa A. Meade 1980: 1976: 1961: 1945: 1941: 1925: 1924: 1912: 1896: 1892: 1876: 1875: 1863: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1829: 1813: 1809: 1793: 1792: 1780: 1764: 1760: 1745: 1729: 1725: 1710: 1694: 1690: 1675: 1659: 1655: 1639: 1638: 1626: 1610: 1606: 1586: 1585: 1573: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1539: 1523: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1472: 1389:Hispanicization 1377: 1374:Hawaiianization 1362:Europeanisation 1327:Americanization 1286: 1277:Cultural cringe 1199: 1175:McDonaldization 1171: 1165: 1163:Americanization 1159: 1157:Americanization 1143: 1132:The actions by 1119:Robert Gerwarth 1114:Joseph Goebbels 1086: 994: 970:First World War 951: 928:Rudyard Kipling 924: 839: 826: 815: 809: 806: 795: 779: 775: 768: 648: 628:Americanization 595: 582: 562: 522:individualistic 499:governmentality 491: 469:neocolonisation 460: 444: 373: 296: 235:governmentality 223:Michel Foucault 220:social theorist 205: 164: 116: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5931: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5867:François Ewald 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5783: 5775: 5770: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5725:Interdiscourse 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5628: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5556: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5516: 5508: 5500: 5492: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5461: 5453: 5445: 5437: 5429: 5421: 5413: 5405: 5400: 5393: 5384: 5382: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5310: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5287: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5244: 5232: 5220: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4989:Cultural probe 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4914:Cross-cultural 4911: 4909:Coffee culture 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4879:Animal culture 4875: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4843: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4801: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4783:Transculturism 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4716:Culture change 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4540:Visual culture 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4520:Safety culture 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4341:Cross-cultural 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4002: 4000:Culture theory 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3918: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3893: 3887: 3878: 3875:Foreign Policy 3866: 3865:External links 3863: 3862: 3861: 3852: 3846: 3833: 3827: 3814: 3805: 3799: 3782: 3756:(3): 301–325. 3743: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3724: 3694: 3668: 3653: 3628: 3619: 3611:Gerwarth, R., 3604: 3589: 3574: 3559: 3524: 3489:(4): 605–622. 3473: 3447: 3406: 3395:. 23 June 2017 3380: 3365: 3339: 3324: 3309: 3294: 3283:. 20 July 2020 3268: 3261: 3241: 3215: 3190: 3175: 3160: 3145: 3138: 3118: 3111: 3091: 3084: 3061: 3026: 3016: 2990: 2966: 2953: 2926: 2907:(2): 431–438. 2891: 2856: 2829: 2810:(5): 887–899. 2794: 2753: 2733: 2715: 2679: 2666: 2653: 2615: 2608: 2590: 2572: 2557: 2541: 2535:Robert Young, 2528: 2515: 2502: 2485: 2454: 2427:(2): 209–227. 2407: 2394: 2364: 2349: 2329: 2314: 2294: 2271: 2245: 2222: 2202: 2193: 2181: 2169: 2154: 2126: 2119: 2099: 2084: 2064: 2031: 2012: 1997: 1974: 1959: 1939: 1910: 1890: 1861: 1842: 1827: 1807: 1778: 1758: 1743: 1723: 1708: 1688: 1673: 1653: 1624: 1604: 1571: 1552: 1537: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1437:Westernization 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1413:Serbianisation 1410: 1404: 1398: 1395:Persianization 1392: 1386: 1380: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1356:Dutchification 1353: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1304:Right to exist 1301: 1295: 1289: 1280: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1207: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1161:Main article: 1158: 1155: 1142: 1139: 1085: 1082: 1047:New York Times 1028:Ward Churchill 993: 990: 950: 947: 943:British Empire 923: 922:British Empire 920: 847:Archaic Period 843:Ancient Greeks 838: 835: 828: 827: 810:September 2023 789:of the subject 787:worldwide view 782: 780: 773: 767: 764: 759: 758: 719:, Russia, the 680:Foreign Policy 651:David Rothkopf 647: 644: 607:constructivism 594: 591: 581: 578: 561: 558: 518:epistemologies 490: 487: 465:epistemologies 459: 456: 443: 440: 372: 369: 295: 292: 284:subjectivities 204: 201: 115: 112: 99:, and sports. 55:dimensions of 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5930: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5873: 5872:Alan Sheridan 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5862:Daniel Defert 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5745:Postsexualism 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:Discontinuity 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5480:Foucault Live 5477: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5379:dialogues and 5375: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5280: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5199: 5198:Youth culture 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5183:Urban culture 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5168:Remix culture 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143:Media culture 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133:Languaculture 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5061:Culture shock 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5021:Cultural turn 5019: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4889:Bennett scale 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4819:Protestantism 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4761:Biculturalism 4759: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 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4229: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4184:Legal culture 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4133:Sound culture 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3919: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3727: 3721: 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2833: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2773:(30): 61–88. 2772: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2730: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2676: 2670: 2663: 2657: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2538: 2532: 2525: 2519: 2512: 2506: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2411: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2350:0-7425-1847-7 2346: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2315:0-87332-079-4 2311: 2307: 2306: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2275: 2259: 2252: 2250: 2233: 2226: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2197: 2190: 2185: 2178: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2122: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2085:0-8018-4249-2 2081: 2077: 2076: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1960:0-19-280182-1 1956: 1952: 1951: 1943: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1911:0-679-75054-1 1907: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1886: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1862:0-8223-1413-4 1858: 1854: 1853: 1846: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1828:0-19-437146-8 1824: 1820: 1819: 1811: 1803: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1762: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1709:0-585-02898-2 1705: 1701: 1700: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1674:0-679-30246-8 1670: 1666: 1665: 1657: 1649: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1618:. Vancouver. 1617: 1616: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1538:0-8133-1439-9 1534: 1530: 1529: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1444:Theocultural 1443: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425:Sovietization 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1407:Russification 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383:Hellenization 1381: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350:Chilenization 1348: 1346: 1345:Bulgarization 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333:Anglicisation 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292:Globalization 1290: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179:Disneyization 1176: 1170: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1147:Western world 1138: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 966: 964: 960: 956: 946: 944: 939: 937: 933: 929: 919: 917: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 857:and southern 856: 852: 848: 844: 834: 824: 821: 813: 803: 799: 794: 790: 788: 781: 772: 771: 763: 756: 751: 750: 749: 747: 743: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 701: 699: 695: 694:globalisation 691: 686: 682: 681: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 643: 641: 637: 632: 629: 625: 621: 615: 613: 608: 604: 600: 590: 588: 577: 575: 571: 567: 557: 555: 551: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 500: 495: 494:Neoliberalism 489:Neoliberalism 486: 484: 483:self-efficacy 480: 475: 470: 466: 455: 453: 449: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 403: 401: 396: 392: 387: 385: 380: 377: 368: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317:constructions 314: 310: 306: 305: 300: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 272: 265: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 216: 214: 210: 200: 198: 193: 191: 184: 179: 177: 172: 170: 161: 159: 155: 150: 148: 144: 140: 135: 134: 130:Although the 125: 120: 111: 109: 105: 100: 98: 94: 88: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 30: 19: 5847:Bibliography 5828: 5824:Nikolas Rose 5814:Paul Rabinow 5809:James Miller 5804:Thomas Lemke 5799:Gary Gutting 5785: 5777: 5674: 5630: 5622: 5614: 5606: 5598: 5590: 5582: 5574: 5566: 5558: 5550: 5542: 5534: 5526: 5518: 5510: 5502: 5494: 5486: 5478: 5470: 5455: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5423: 5415: 5407: 5387: 5364: 5356: 5348: 5342: 5334: 5328: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5246: 5239: 5227: 5215: 5163:Rape culture 5108:Drug culture 5096:Deaf culture 5081:Cyberculture 5051:Culture hero 4964:Cultural lag 4904:Civilization 4804:Christianity 4640: 4510:Protoculture 4194:Microculture 4174:High culture 4169:Folk culture 4118:Postcritique 3899: 3882: 3874: 3856: 3837: 3818: 3809: 3788: 3753: 3749: 3729:, retrieved 3707: 3697: 3685:. Retrieved 3681: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3644:. Retrieved 3640: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3583: 3581:Kater, MH., 3577: 3568: 3562: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3464:. Retrieved 3460: 3450: 3438:. Retrieved 3433:the original 3419: 3409: 3397:. Retrieved 3392: 3383: 3374: 3368: 3356:. Retrieved 3351: 3342: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3316:Raponi, D., 3312: 3303: 3297: 3287:30 September 3285:. Retrieved 3280: 3271: 3251: 3244: 3234:30 September 3232:. Retrieved 3228: 3218: 3208:30 September 3206:. Retrieved 3203:HistoryExtra 3202: 3193: 3184: 3178: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3148: 3128: 3121: 3101: 3094: 3074: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3022:445 chinese. 3021: 3001: 2993: 2978: 2969: 2961: 2956: 2942:(4): 40–47. 2939: 2935: 2929: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2845:(1): 29–38. 2842: 2838: 2832: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2748: 2728: 2699: 2695: 2674: 2669: 2661: 2656: 2599: 2593: 2575: 2565: 2560: 2552: 2536: 2531: 2523: 2518: 2510: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2399:, retrieved 2377: 2367: 2339: 2332: 2304: 2297: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2262:. Retrieved 2236:. Retrieved 2225: 2217: 2196: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2136: 2129: 2109: 2102: 2074: 2067: 2021: 2015: 1987: 1977: 1949: 1942: 1900: 1893: 1851: 1845: 1817: 1810: 1768: 1761: 1733: 1726: 1698: 1691: 1663: 1656: 1614: 1607: 1561: 1555: 1527: 1499:Islamization 1431:Thaification 1419:Sinicization 1401:Romanization 1368:Francization 1321:Albanisation 1191: 1172: 1144: 1134:Nazi Germany 1131: 1127:Protectorate 1111: 1103:Hans Rosbaud 1088: 1087: 1077: 1075: 1070: 1057: 1045: 1041: 1031: 1030:in his book 1024: 1019: 1005: 1003: 995: 985: 967: 952: 940: 930:termed the ' 925: 911:Romanization 895:Roman Empire 892: 840: 831: 816: 807: 792: 784: 760: 710: 702: 678: 674: 649: 635: 633: 619: 616: 611: 598: 596: 586: 583: 574:Global South 563: 550:microfinance 532: 530: 505: 503: 492: 461: 445: 404: 399: 388: 381: 375: 374: 364: 362: 347: 338: 330: 324: 311:critique of 302: 297: 269: 259: 254: 226: 217: 208: 206: 194: 186: 181: 173: 168: 162: 151: 131: 129: 101: 89: 48: 44: 43: 38:Chaco Boreal 29: 5913:Imperialism 5769:" (Derrida) 5750:Sapere aude 5720:Heterotopia 5660:Biopolitics 5381:anthologies 5369:(1976–2018) 5241:WikiProject 5173:Tea culture 5076:Culturalism 5046:Culture gap 5009:Pop-culture 4809:Catholicism 4731:Culture war 4189:Low culture 4088:Culturomics 3995:Culturology 3900:In Our Time 3687:25 November 3372:Poley, J., 2702:(1): 1–26. 2641:10724/28885 2553:Orientalism 1451:Proselytism 1339:Arabization 1173:The terms " 909:. Cultural 883:Hellenistic 742:Inquisition 740:use of the 640:colonialism 543:along with 479:Ali A. Abdi 416:WarnerMedia 391:consumerism 331:Orientalism 304:Orientalism 299:Edward Saïd 239:Machiavelli 197:colonialism 57:imperialism 5887:Categories 5695:Dispositif 4238:Subculture 4016:Bioculture 3742:References 3731:26 October 3646:9 December 3167:Bell, M., 2872:: 65–144. 2007:1017909068 1788:1050960744 1581:1112788649 1447:Processes 1298:Revanchism 1204:Soft power 1107:Strasbourg 1098:revanchism 999:indigenous 980:was under 968:After the 916:Pax Romana 766:In history 737:East Timor 514:ideologies 474:ontologies 408:soft power 307:(1978), a 288:neoliberal 271:The Prince 169:possession 154:principles 5782:(Deleuze) 5759:Influence 5735:Parrhesia 5710:Genealogy 5066:Culturgen 4834:Mormonism 4792:Religions 4465:Cultureme 4383:Destroyed 4009:Subfields 3778:143267711 3554:143685050 3540:: 23–43. 3519:162211313 3503:0095-182X 3428:0362-4331 3056:146125147 2921:144463700 2886:145405598 2824:144101973 2704:CiteSeerX 2480:2357-1705 2449:142100032 2441:1028-6632 2238:21 August 2164:226765698 2049:cite book 2041:180772881 1928:cite book 1879:cite book 1796:cite book 1753:806198432 1642:cite book 1634:907657359 1589:cite book 1481:Examples 1243:Ethnocide 1072:identity. 1038:Christian 888:Aristotle 837:Antiquity 802:talk page 721:Holocaust 713:massacres 706:genocides 685:tolerance 436:Microsoft 428:News Corp 412:Paramount 358:subaltern 77:economics 65:tradition 5790:(Miller) 5779:Foucault 5705:Episteme 5665:Biopower 5643:Concepts 5520:Abnormal 5467:" (1984) 5399:" (1969) 5217:Category 4799:Buddhism 4549:Politics 3958:Sciences 3461:CBC News 2983:Archived 2645:Archived 2583:Archived 2359:52134906 2264:2 August 2094:24142273 1969:51001171 1920:29600508 1871:28113815 1837:30978070 1718:42329416 1547:25874095 1197:See also 1053:CBC News 863:Etruscan 796:You may 725:Cambodia 698:Internet 696:and the 566:feminism 420:AT&T 309:humanist 251:hegemony 247:ideology 213:hegemony 73:politics 61:language 53:cultural 5248:Changes 5229:Commons 4872:Related 4863:Sikhism 4858:Judaism 4289:Aspects 3951:Outline 3937:Culture 3770:3590688 3511:4128504 3466:3 March 3440:3 March 3399:3 March 3358:24 June 2789:1395054 2401:12 June 2324:2615596 2291:(2): 6. 1268:Impact 1181:" and " 1061:mascots 1006:Origins 899:Etruria 717:Armenia 526:bribery 395:culture 5635:(2015) 5627:(2013) 5619:(2012) 5611:(2012) 5603:(2011) 5595:(2009) 5587:(2008) 5579:(2004) 5571:(2004) 5563:(2003) 5555:(2003) 5547:(2001) 5539:(2001) 5531:(2000) 5523:(1999) 5515:(1998) 5507:(1997) 5499:(1997) 5491:(1997) 5483:(1996) 5475:(1988) 5460:(1984) 5452:(1982) 5444:(1980) 5436:(1980) 5428:(1978) 5420:(1977) 5412:(1973) 5392:(1964) 5361:(1975) 5353:(1969) 5345:(1968) 5339:(1966) 5331:(1963) 5325:(1963) 5317:(1961) 5309:(1954) 4248:Fandom 3844: 3825: 3797: 3776: 3768: 3722: 3552: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3426: 3259: 3136: 3109: 3082: 3054: 3014: 3010:–446. 2919: 2884: 2822: 2787: 2706: 2606: 2478: 2447: 2439: 2392: 2357: 2347: 2322: 2312: 2191:, p. 2 2162: 2152: 2117: 2092: 2082: 2039: 2029: 2005: 1995: 1967: 1957: 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