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2007:
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troops used a Cross Pattée cap badge to distinguish them from regular army troops. A stylized version of the Cross Pattée is used by the modern German military as its symbol of nationality, and is found on vehicles, aircraft and publications, with no border of any kind at the ends of each arm (as was
1535:
1377:) and the Order of Christ cross (associated with this order of chivalry and also used as one of main the National symbols of Portugal). These crosses are often present on the arms of the municipalities located in former domains of these orders.
953:
2511:
2496:
2526:
1154:
943:) is a cross symbol, taken from a 5th-century ornament at the Bolnisi Sioni church, which came to be used as one of the oldest national symbol of Georgia. It was used on the flags and coat of arms of the
99:
with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight line shape, to be broader at the perimeter. The form appears very early in medieval art, for example in a metalwork
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With straight parallel lines at the centre, it still fits the general definition of "having branches that widen by curving at their ends", and is considered
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2330:
1993:
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2218:
2100:
1933:
886:
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2049:
1117:. Use of this flag was first recorded in 1687. During the 1990s, it was used as a symbol of Montenegrin independence movement, most notably by the
1504:
1497:
1139:
2886:, especially in the United States, commonly use a version with triangular arms for patches and medals, though the cross pattée and the cross of
1515:
version of the cross pattée, with rounded edges, has been used in Russia since the 19th century. This cross shape was used in the badges of the
2273:
1593:
4963:
241:
871:
2540:
2143:
260:
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A cross pattée with a sharp point added to the lower limb, as if for use in staking into the ground, but used to represent a sword in the
3277:
2135:
1291:
2738:
2714:
2233:
1831:, installed on their graves, and nowadays part of emblems of a number of Ukrainian state bodies connected with security, including the
1800:
2173:
4978:
1230:
762:
494:
2158:
489:
is particularly associated with crowns in
Christian countries. It is often heavily jewelled, with diamonds and precious stones. The
901:
3033:
2128:
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2510:
2495:
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1562:
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1254:
703:
673:
4910:
3188:
2261:
1277:
256:
2357:
1710:
688:
2525:
1239:
1004:
2895:
2295:
1740:
841:
396:
3091:
Healey, T. (1977). The
Symbolism of the Cross in Sacred and Secular Art. Leonardo, 10(4), 289-294. doi:10.2307/1573764
2315:
3068:
3006:
2726:
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1208:
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have jewelled crosses pattées mounted atop the band. Most crowns possess at least four such crosses, from which the
2665:
2342:
2188:
1467:
2845:
1650:
413:
With triangular arms that do not fill the square, used on flag, coat of arms and various medals, also known as the
2657:
1453:
1432:
The cross pattée is adopted by
Russian Border Service, it is also found on coats of arms of some Russian regions.
1413:
1193:
990:
123:. An early English example from the start of the age of heraldry proper (i.e. about 1200) is found in the arms of
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1785:
718:
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2120:
1620:
1146:
1118:
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aircraft until April 1918, and the basis for the similar cross used by the armed forces of modern
Germany, the
1846:
1635:
1614:
1482:
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2617:
1336:
1178:
4973:
4337:
4125:
2795:
2517:
2502:
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1365:
makes a very common use of three variants of the cross pattée, the standard form (also as a variant of the
17:
3473:
3220:
1398:
1060:
1019:
3228:
2862:
2744:
2240:
1807:
1792:
1772:
1459:
1306:
2454:
2425:
1725:
4968:
4085:
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3263:
2903:
1665:
1321:
738:
1074:
3905:
2823:
2577:
1585:
1549:
1522:
1185:
1048:
1011:
982:
554:, a Crusader order, though their more usual emblem was a plain straight black cross on white field..
383:
With triangular arms which come close to filling a square. One example is an artistic variant of the
2761:
1695:
795:
638:
623:
4983:
4189:
3985:
3595:
3286:
2646:
2090:
1298:
1260:
1200:
1169:
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as a decoration for military valor, and it remained in use, in various forms, by
Prussia and later
392:
4419:
1986:
1946:
1866:
1680:
947:
and the current
Republic of Georgia, with its various organizations and administrative divisions.
4475:
4453:
4055:
3335:
3139:
2650:
2613:
2532:
2180:
1926:
1832:
1764:
1579:
1383:
770:
518:
414:
2006:
1966:
1906:
1886:
878:
783:
332:, used on flag, coat of arms and various official and unofficial organizations of this country.
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4743:
4465:
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2431:
2165:
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963:
893:
510:
3301:
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807:
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4485:
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3101:
2592:
2322:
2073:
1356:
1215:
967:
746:
580:
3541:
2439:
1161:
737:
The cross pattée, a traditional Royal symbol in Canada, has been incorporated into official
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2013:
1569:
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514:
498:
286:
4409:
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530:
8:
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4155:
4075:
4035:
4025:
3469:
3443:
2946:
2872:
2856:
2817:
2732:
2700:, and is occasionally found as a map symbol indicating the location of a Christian site.
2385:
2210:
1370:
1362:
360:
4495:
4433:
3663:
2042:
304:
264:
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1776:
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1541:
1114:
1094:
944:
199:
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3611:
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are designed with a cross pattée, including the nation's highest civilian honour, the
4835:
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4773:
4403:
4393:
4267:
4257:
3917:
3901:
3845:
3740:
3736:
3453:
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3002:
2487:
2280:
1997:
1977:
1957:
1953:
1937:
1917:
1897:
1877:
1873:
927:
599:) as its symbol of nationality, and is found on vehicles, aircraft and publications.
595:
until 1945. A stylized version of the Iron Cross is used to date by the German army (
478:
rise. Some crowns are designed so that the half-arches can be detached, allowing the
475:
329:
4021:
2696:
The cross pattée is also placed before the name of the bishop who issues a
Catholic
761:, supporting two dipped arches topped by a monde and another cross pattée. Numerous
4901:
4681:
4505:
4343:
3780:
3463:
3305:
2801:
2399:
2053:
2033:
2029:
1853:
1130:
551:
526:
513:. The cross pattée also features in many of the other British Crowns including the
467:
388:
387:
components in the
Sancroft arms, seen thrice in the ecclesiastical coat of arms of
100:
4141:
3953:
2977:
1101:
187:
4611:
4423:
4327:
3933:
3795:
3750:
3690:
3657:
3585:
3433:
3413:
2980:
2364:
1973:
1913:
1893:
1717:
1374:
753:, numerous provincial coat of arms and the badges of the Canadian Forces feature
448:
351:
175:
140:
104:
96:
81:
73:
4471:
4333:
4101:
4011:
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3653:
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4621:
4601:
4596:
4586:
4544:
4539:
4481:
4413:
4219:
4091:
4005:
3957:
3815:
3720:
3567:
3535:
3419:
3355:
3315:
2850:
2708:
2460:
2195:
819:
774:
766:
750:
567:
405:
277:
252:
246:
124:
120:
116:
4865:
3706:
1747:
773:
the highest military honour that is derived from that of the
British original
4957:
4638:
4591:
4515:
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4383:
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3971:
3937:
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3637:
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3385:
3331:
2919:
2891:
2777:
1857:
1824:
1366:
959:
921:
418:
325:
236:
With the edges of the arms concave throughout. Best known for its use as the
31:
4881:
4283:
4081:
3321:
2830:
form, with the ends of the arms in the shape of arcs of an enclosing circle)
166:. The cross has four splayed feet, each akin to the foot, for example, of a
4695:
4633:
4606:
4581:
4576:
4559:
4501:
4399:
4373:
4297:
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3615:
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3515:
3493:
3483:
3409:
3341:
2883:
2349:
2081:
1553:
1474:
1343:
908:
835:
The cross pattée can be found on coats of arms of various French communes.
758:
502:
366:
4891:
4491:
3676:
3078:
1657:
375:
295:
4942:
4841:
4675:
4648:
4564:
4253:
4045:
3963:
3927:
3881:
3875:
3770:
3746:
3700:
3686:
3581:
3375:
3365:
3054:
2887:
2807:
2783:
1526:
1272:
630:
613:
440:
427:
268:
171:
112:
4861:
4749:
4691:
4461:
4439:
4313:
4001:
3811:
3531:
3505:
3501:
3489:
3449:
1313:
228:
44:
4895:
4851:
4821:
4803:
4705:
4571:
4429:
4389:
4229:
4225:
4171:
4161:
4131:
3981:
3730:
3667:
3633:
3439:
3391:
3058:
2697:
1106:
645:
596:
588:
490:
308:
237:
38:
4871:
4793:
4521:
4449:
4071:
4051:
4031:
3943:
3923:
3821:
3623:
3573:
3479:
3311:
1328:
1133:, as well as by local trademarks and societies related to Montenegro.
338:
190:
provides a dubious suggestion that the term comes from the Latin verb
4875:
4831:
4809:
4363:
4293:
4235:
4185:
4151:
3871:
3766:
3696:
3601:
3361:
2934:
2839:
1642:
1540:. Although it was not used for decorations before, in the modern-day
1489:
1081:
848:
4701:
4245:
3891:
3861:
3841:
2635:
2309:
Coat of arms of the
Russian Volhynian Vice-royalty (Namestnichestvo)
1672:
4885:
4845:
4763:
4739:
4369:
4317:
4239:
4215:
4181:
4111:
3776:
3557:
2445:
2253:
695:
547:
522:
108:
4671:
4263:
3553:
663:
The cross pattée is adopted in several municipal coats of arms of
4925:
4783:
4753:
4685:
4665:
4661:
4652:
4273:
4121:
4061:
4041:
4015:
3716:
3563:
3429:
2933:
The character "X" is rendered as a cross pattée in the Microsoft
2923:
2915:
1828:
1820:
1702:
1405:
1122:
1026:
863:
710:
680:
664:
592:
584:
479:
471:
259:), used as a symbol of the German Empire that was present in its
167:
90:
4511:
4379:
3786:
3643:
3521:
3381:
317:
194:, to lie open, be spread. He states it to be discernible on the
4359:
4303:
4277:
3851:
3801:
3726:
3647:
3511:
2771:
2097:
1760:
1732:
1687:
163:
4729:
3459:
3371:
3206:
3189:"Military Expert Explains the Symbolism of the Trench Cross",
1779:
in 1928 to be a "red St George's cross with triangular arms".
346:
With the ends of the arms convex and curved; sometimes called
4799:
4323:
2813:
The Sir Knight, Geneva Glen Camp's Highest rank in the orders
2077:
1129:
flag as its flag. It is also used as an unofficial alternate
725:
151:
4759:
4733:
4628:
3401:
3351:
3102:"Arms & Badges - Royal Arms of Canada, A Brief History"
195:
159:
148:
143:
adjective in the feminine form used in its full context as
4779:
3255:
2072:: 1) military banner of 1788; 2) banner of 1803, given by
4712:
4709:
1172:. One of the most important historical Montenegrin flags.
536:
962:
inscriptions. Oldest Georgian inscription that uses the
501:
has a base of four crosses pattée alternating with four
2918:, a Cross pattée character is encoded under the name "
1552:, as well as for other emblems such as the logo of the
2982:
The Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry Founded upon Facts
937:
550:. The heraldic cross pattée was sometimes used by the
3030:
Centre National de Ressources Textualles et Lexicales
2998:
Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction
115:(died 628), and the 8th-century lower cover of the
2267:Coat of arms of the Volhynian Duchy (Principality)
4955:
4906:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
2994:
2820:, designed in 1883, and called a "cross formée"
1767:" sometimes refers to the cross pattée used by
3221:"Frimurarkorset – symbol med dunkelt ursprung"
3218:
2836:Schneider Cams, a speed equipment manufacturer
2826:, a manufacturer of skating equipment (in the
931:
328:, official national symbol of the republic of
3271:
2012:Cossack flags preserved from the time of the
2966:Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise
2406:
2279:Coat of arms of Volhynia with the Muscovite
1121:. Nowadays, Montenegro's Royal Capital City
2664:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2336:Volhynian Voivodeship in Poland (1920-1939)
757:; that displays four cross pattée and four
3278:
3264:
2995:Davies, Nikolas; Jokiniemi, Erkki (2012).
2715:Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
2684:Learn how and when to remove this message
763:orders, decorations, and medals of Canada
495:Crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother
214:A sample of variants of the cross pattée
48:Standard form of the cross pattée or Pate
3161:"Awards: Rewarded With A Battle Order",
1373:), the Alisee form (associated with the
1271:
546:This cross is often associated with the
493:diamond is set in a cross pattée on the
43:
3118:
2472:
1233:Special Counter-Terrorist Unit Insignia
617:used on German aircraft in 1918-1945).
14:
4956:
3177:Award System of the Russian Federation
3119:Defence, National (November 2, 2018).
1827:" was used historically in banners by
1109:since medieval times to represent the
537:Use by Crusaders, Prussia, and Germany
509:on the Imperial State Crown holds the
3259:
3138:Cetinje, Official website (English).
3020:
3018:
2988:
2721:Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour
4964:7th-century establishments in Europe
4911:List of tallest crosses in the world
3209:, retrieved 12 August 2010. Swedish.
3053:
2662:adding citations to reliable sources
2629:
3137:
2890:are both commonly mistaken for the
2739:Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
2563:College of SS Hild and Bede, Durham
541:
482:to be worn separately on occasion.
267:aircraft until April 1918 when the
210:Several variants exist as follows:
24:
3026:"PATTÉ : Définition de PATTÉ"
3015:
2894:. The cross pattée is used on the
2371:
426:
404:
374:
337:
316:
294:
276:
227:
25:
4995:
3251:
2833:The Crossmen Drum and Bugle Corps
2780:, a Portuguese sports association
2727:Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr
2467:
4979:Frederick William III of Prussia
4936:
4924:
4900:
4890:
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4870:
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4438:
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3320:
3310:
3300:
3063:. New York: Dover Publications.
2846:The Eaton House Group of Schools
2634:
2606:
2599:
2584:
2569:
2554:
2539:
2524:
2509:
2494:
2479:
2453:
2438:
2424:
2392:
2378:
2356:
2341:
2329:
2314:
2302:
2287:
2272:
2260:
2232:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2127:
2112:
2089:
2061:
2041:
2021:
2005:
1985:
1965:
1945:
1925:
1905:
1885:
1865:
1845:
1799:
1784:
1771:. For example, the cross of the
1739:
1724:
1709:
1694:
1679:
1664:
1649:
1634:
1613:
1592:
1578:
1561:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1452:
1437:
1412:
1397:
1382:
1335:
1320:
1305:
1290:
1253:
1238:
1223:
1207:
1192:
1177:
1153:
1138:
1073:
1059:
1040:
1018:
1003:
989:
975:
952:
900:
885:
870:
855:
840:
818:
806:
794:
782:
717:
702:
687:
672:
637:
622:
559:
517:, used for coronations, and the
461:
395:in a mid-1740s stained glass at
289:(also known as "sword cross").
3235:from the original on 2016-08-18
3212:
3196:
3181:
3169:
3153:
3036:from the original on 2023-08-11
2703:It appears in the insignia of:
1531:Aleksandrovskoe Military School
789:Arms of Canada (1957 rendition)
653:
397:St Lawrence's Church, Mereworth
263:and war materiel, including on
3231:, pp. 31–32, 1651-35766,
3131:
3112:
3094:
3085:
3047:
2971:
2959:
2757:Portuguese Football Federation
2296:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2121:Ministry of Defence of Ukraine
1147:Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
1119:Liberal Alliance of Montenegro
37:For the German variation, see
13:
1:
3219:Norrgård, Leif (2009-02-18),
2952:
2798:, a South African sports club
2625:
2294:Volhynian Voivodeship in the
1160:Montenegrin flag used in the
1088:
1053:House of the Blackheads, Riga
602:Prussian and Imperial German
574:
303:With less curvature, used on
2926:range at code point U+2720 (
2796:Vasco da Gama (South Africa)
2786:, a Portuguese football club
2764:, a Portuguese football club
1369:proper, associated with the
1099:The Montenegrin cross-flag (
1025:Coat of arms of the city of
813:Badge of the Canadian Forces
745:and the insignia of various
356:croix pattée alésée arrondie
130:
7:
3285:
3229:Swedish Order of Freemasons
2940:
2909:
2863:Flag of the Hispanic People
2853:, a Ukrainian football club
2745:Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky
2546:Coat of arms of the former
2247:
2241:Security Service of Ukraine
2080:badges of 1788, donated by
1838:
1808:Swedish Order of Freemasons
1793:Swedish Order of Freemasons
1773:Swedish Order of Freemasons
1460:Coat of arms of Kaliningrad
1350:
1280:, Warsaw. Behind them, the
1278:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
938:
205:
10:
5000:
3227:(in Swedish), no. 1,
3001:. Routledge. p. 104.
2968:Lexis, Paris, 1993, p.1356
2904:United States Marine Corps
2548:College of St Hild, Durham
2251:
2226:State Border Guard Service
1814:
1505:Borisovka, Belgorod Oblast
1354:
1092:
919:
915:
658:
36:
29:
4919:
4721:
4647:
4532:
4207:
4196:
3293:
2824:Independent Truck Company
2792:, a Brazilian sports club
2578:John Snow College, Durham
2518:St John's College, Durham
2503:St Mary's College, Durham
2407:Poltava (Myrhorod Cross)
2068:Flags and banners of the
1754:
1427:
1267:
1186:Old Royal Capital Cetinje
1168:initials indicate Prince
1049:Brotherhood of Blackheads
1033:
932:
830:
732:
4706:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
3159:Derevyanko, Kolesnikov.
2810:, a French football club
2804:, a Spanish Principality
1856:(16th-18th century) and
1627:
1299:Podkarpackie Voivodeship
1261:Order of Prince Danilo I
771:Victoria Cross of Canada
393:Archbishop of Canterbury
30:Not to be confused with
4931:Christianity portal
3121:"Canadian Medals Chart"
2614:Southern Cross of Honor
2533:Ustinov College, Durham
2181:Ukrainian Ground Forces
1833:Armed Forces of Ukraine
1621:Medal "For Life Saving"
1012:Georgian Defense Forces
997:Coat of arms of Georgia
966:, predating the modern
519:Imperial Crown of India
162:, generally that of an
4744:Armenian eternity sign
3316:Anchored/Saint Clement
2871:, a unit of the Union
2762:F.C. Paços de Ferreira
2751:Order of the Dannebrog
2432:Flag of Poltava Oblast
2166:Ukrainian Armed Forces
1285:
1247:Montenegrins of Serbia
894:Fontaines-Saint-Martin
801:Coat of arms of Québec
452:
431:
409:
379:
355:
342:
321:
299:
281:
232:
85:
77:
49:
4856:Shield of the Trinity
3938:Portate/Saint Gilbert
2593:South College, Durham
2323:Volhynian Governorate
1523:Patriotic War of 1812
1357:Order of Christ Cross
1275:
1216:Montenegrin Air Force
747:national armed forces
581:Frederick William III
430:
408:
378:
341:
320:
298:
280:
231:
158:, meaning literally
147:, meaning literally "
47:
4629:Rood/Triumphal cross
4066:Saint James/Santiago
4016:Saltire/Saint Andrew
3691:Grapevine/Saint Nino
3203:Nationalencyklopedin
2985:. London, 1859, p.29
2859:, a heavy metal band
2842:, a Welsh rugby club
2658:improve this section
2561:Coat of arms of the
2488:University of Durham
2486:Coat of arms of the
2473:University of Durham
2151:Defence Intelligence
2014:Khmelnytsky uprising
1992:Coat of arms of the
1972:Coat of arms of the
1952:Coat of arms of the
1932:Coat of arms of the
1912:Coat of arms of the
1892:Coat of arms of the
1872:Coat of arms of the
1806:Coat of arms of the
1765:Saint George's Cross
1570:Narodnoe Opolcheniye
1548:was adopted for the
1518:Narodnoe Opolcheniye
1421:Portuguese Air Force
1067:Coat of arms of Riga
1047:Coat of arms of the
879:Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil
531:Delhi Durbar of 1911
499:Imperial State Crown
415:Saint George's Cross
365:'rounded reamed
287:Cross of Saint James
4974:Crosses in heraldry
4896:Triskelion/Triskele
4338:Cuthbert's pectoral
3761:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
3751:Jerusalem/Crusaders
2947:Crosses in heraldry
2873:Army of the Potomac
2857:Black Label Society
2818:Knights of Columbus
2733:Order of St. George
2386:Braclaw Voivodeship
2211:Ukrainian Air Force
1860:(17th-18th century)
1775:was defined by the
1600:Medal "For Bravery"
1573:badge, 1903 version
1371:Knights Hospitaller
1363:Portuguese heraldry
1276:Guards at Poland's
1201:Nikšić Municipality
1105:) has been used in
926:The Bolnisi cross (
629:German Iron Cross,
511:Black Prince's Ruby
215:
58:cross patty or Pate
2900:United States Army
2896:Marksmanship Badge
2877:American Civil War
2768:C.F. Os Belenenses
2070:Black Sea Cossacks
1769:Swedish Freemasons
1542:Russian Federation
1286:
1231:Montenegrin Police
1162:Battle of Vučji Do
1115:military divisions
1095:Flag of Montenegro
964:Asomtavruli script
945:Kingdom of Georgia
743:provincial symbols
611:the case with the
432:
417:in Sweden and the
410:
380:
343:
322:
300:
282:
233:
213:
64:, also known as a
50:
4969:Christian crosses
4951:
4950:
4866:Sunwheel swastika
4249:Blanc croix rouge
3175:Goncharov, 2010,
3060:The book of signs
2694:
2693:
2686:
2105:Black Sea Cossack
1998:Cossack Hetmanate
1994:Bohuslav regiment
1978:Cossack Hetmanate
1958:Cossack Hetmanate
1954:Kropyvna regiment
1938:Cossack Hetmanate
1918:Cossack Hetmanate
1898:Cossack Hetmanate
1878:Cossack Hetmanate
1874:Myrhorod regiment
1391:Paços de Ferreira
1113:, and lately its
970:, inside Georgia.
755:St Edward's Crown
515:St Edward's Crown
459:
458:
445:The Book of Signs
364:
154:", from the noun
16:(Redirected from
4991:
4941:
4940:
4929:
4928:
4904:
4894:
4884:
4874:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4834:
4824:
4812:
4802:
4792:
4782:
4772:
4762:
4752:
4742:
4732:
4704:
4694:
4684:
4674:
4664:
4524:
4514:
4504:
4494:
4484:
4474:
4464:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4402:
4392:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4318:Cross cramponnée
4316:
4306:
4296:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4256:
4248:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4202:
4201:
4184:
4176:Syriac (Western)
4174:
4166:Syriac (Eastern)
4164:
4154:
4146:Serbian Orthodox
4144:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3996:Russian Orthodox
3994:
3984:
3974:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3926:
3916:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3759:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3709:
3699:
3689:
3679:
3666:
3656:
3646:
3636:
3626:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3576:
3566:
3556:
3544:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3504:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3354:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3304:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3216:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3187:Samoilov, 2021,
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3022:
3013:
3012:
2992:
2986:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2802:Flag of Asturias
2790:CR Vasco da Gama
2689:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2638:
2630:
2616:, used to honor
2610:
2591:Coat of arms of
2588:
2576:Coat of arms of
2573:
2558:
2543:
2531:Coat of arms of
2528:
2516:Coat of arms of
2513:
2501:Coat of arms of
2498:
2483:
2457:
2442:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2400:Vinnytsia Oblast
2396:
2382:
2363:Coat of arms of
2360:
2348:Coat of arms of
2345:
2333:
2321:Coat of arms of
2318:
2306:
2291:
2276:
2264:
2236:
2221:
2206:
2191:
2176:
2161:
2146:
2131:
2116:
2101:Yakiv Kukharenko
2096:Portrait of the
2093:
2092:
2065:
2064:
2054:Sloboda Cossacks
2045:
2044:
2034:Sloboda Cossacks
2030:Kharkiv regiment
2025:
2024:
2009:
2008:
1989:
1988:
1969:
1968:
1949:
1948:
1934:Braclav regiment
1929:
1928:
1909:
1908:
1889:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1854:Zaporizhian Sich
1849:
1848:
1803:
1788:
1746:Coat of arms of
1743:
1731:Coat of arms of
1728:
1716:Coat of arms of
1713:
1701:Coat of arms of
1698:
1686:Coat of arms of
1683:
1671:Coat of arms of
1668:
1656:Coat of arms of
1653:
1641:Coat of arms of
1638:
1617:
1608:
1596:
1586:Order of Courage
1582:
1565:
1550:Order of Courage
1539:
1503:Coat of arms of
1500:
1488:Coat of Arms of
1485:
1473:Coat of arms of
1470:
1456:
1441:
1416:
1404:Coat of arms of
1401:
1389:Coat of arms of
1386:
1342:Coat of arms of
1339:
1327:Coat of arms of
1324:
1312:Coat of arms of
1309:
1297:Coat of arms of
1294:
1282:Virtuti Militari
1257:
1242:
1227:
1211:
1199:Coat of arms of
1196:
1181:
1157:
1142:
1131:Montenegrin flag
1080:Coat of arms of
1077:
1063:
1044:
1022:
1007:
993:
979:
968:Mkhedruli script
956:
941:
935:
934:
907:Coat of arms of
904:
892:Coat of arms of
889:
877:Coat of arms of
874:
862:Coat of arms of
859:
847:Coat of arms of
844:
822:
810:
798:
786:
739:national symbols
724:Coat of arms of
721:
709:Coat of arms of
706:
694:Coat of arms of
691:
679:Coat of arms of
676:
641:
626:
587:established the
563:
552:Teutonic Knights
542:Teutonic Knights
527:Emperor of India
389:William Sancroft
368:
359:
305:Luftstreitkräfte
271:was introduced.
265:Luftstreitkräfte
250:
216:
212:
101:treasure binding
21:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4984:Knights Templar
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4943:Arts portal
4935:
4923:
4915:
4717:
4643:
4528:
4203:
4199:
4194:
3866:Order of Christ
3658:Globus cruciger
3474:Catherine wheel
3289:
3284:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3217:
3213:
3201:
3197:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3117:
3113:
3106:www.heraldry.ca
3100:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3071:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2943:
2929:
2912:
2879:from 1862–1865.
2690:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2655:
2639:
2628:
2621:
2611:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2580:
2574:
2565:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2490:
2484:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2429:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2372:Eastern Podolia
2367:
2365:Zhytomyr Oblast
2361:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2334:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2228:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2094:
2085:
2066:
2057:
2046:
2037:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1990:
1981:
1974:Zinkiv regiment
1970:
1961:
1950:
1941:
1930:
1921:
1914:Ichnia regiment
1910:
1901:
1894:Borzna regiment
1890:
1881:
1870:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1574:
1566:
1533:
1529:as well as the
1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1430:
1423:
1419:Roundel of the
1417:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1375:Knights Templar
1359:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1069:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1010:Roundel of the
1008:
999:
994:
985:
983:Flag of Georgia
980:
971:
957:
924:
918:
911:
905:
896:
890:
881:
875:
866:
860:
851:
845:
833:
826:
823:
814:
811:
802:
799:
790:
787:
735:
728:
722:
713:
707:
698:
692:
683:
677:
661:
656:
649:
642:
633:
627:
577:
570:
564:
544:
539:
529:to wear at the
464:
453:Das Zeichenbuch
244:
240:, based on the
208:
145:la croix pattée
133:
105:Monza Cathedral
97:Christian cross
95:, is a type of
42:
35:
28:
27:Heraldic symbol
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4933:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4898:
4888:
4878:
4868:
4858:
4848:
4838:
4828:
4826:Solomon's knot
4818:
4806:
4796:
4786:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4698:
4688:
4678:
4668:
4657:
4655:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4508:
4498:
4496:Teutonic Order
4488:
4478:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4436:
4426:
4416:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4308:Coptic (Early)
4300:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4178:
4168:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4008:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3968:
3960:
3950:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3711:Greek Orthodox
3703:
3693:
3683:
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3650:
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3568:Cruciform halo
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3346:Archiepiscopal
3338:
3328:
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3308:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
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3253:
3252:External links
3250:
3247:
3246:
3211:
3195:
3191:Politnavigator
3180:
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2851:FC Volyn Lutsk
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2709:Victoria Cross
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2468:United Kingdom
2466:
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2461:Poltava Oblast
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2299:
2293:
2286:
2284:
2281:Monomakh's Cap
2278:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2259:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:Emblem of the
2238:
2231:
2229:
2224:Emblem of the
2223:
2216:
2214:
2209:Emblem of the
2208:
2201:
2199:
2196:Ukrainian Navy
2194:Emblem of the
2193:
2186:
2184:
2179:Emblem of the
2178:
2171:
2169:
2164:Emblem of the
2163:
2156:
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2149:Emblem of the
2148:
2141:
2139:
2134:Emblem of the
2133:
2126:
2124:
2119:Emblem of the
2118:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2050:Izium regiment
2047:
2040:
2038:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1944:
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1931:
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1922:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1891:
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1777:King of Sweden
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1493:
1487:
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1472:
1465:
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1458:
1451:
1449:
1446:Border Service
1444:Emblem of the
1443:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1411:
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1403:
1396:
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1355:Main article:
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1093:Main article:
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939:bolnisis ǰvari
933:ბოლნისის ჯვარი
920:Main article:
917:
914:
913:
912:
906:
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884:
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876:
869:
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854:
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839:
832:
829:
828:
827:
825:Order of Merit
824:
817:
815:
812:
805:
803:
800:
793:
791:
788:
781:
775:Victoria Cross
767:Order of Merit
751:Arms of Canada
734:
731:
730:
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723:
716:
714:
708:
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643:
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628:
621:
579:In 1813, King
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:Teutonic Order
566:Emblem of the
565:
558:
543:
540:
538:
535:
497:. The British
463:
460:
457:
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371:
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344:
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283:
273:
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253:Teutonic Order
234:
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132:
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125:Baron Berkeley
121:Morgan Library
117:Lindau Gospels
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4206:
4191:
4190:Saint Anthony
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4119:
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4089:
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4086:Saint Patrick
4083:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:
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4063:
4059:
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4047:
4046:Saint Florian
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4019:
4017:
4013:
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4007:
4003:
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3319:
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3309:
3307:
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3299:
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3296:
3294:In modern use
3292:
3288:
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3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3234:
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3204:
3199:
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3156:
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3103:
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3070:9780486201627
3066:
3062:
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3050:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3008:9781136410253
3004:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:Planché, J.R.
2974:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2921:
2920:Maltese Cross
2917:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:Maltese cross
2889:
2885:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
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2806:
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2797:
2794:
2791:
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2779:
2778:Casa Pia A.C.
2776:
2774:football club
2773:
2769:
2766:
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2760:
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2699:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2674:November 2008
2667:
2663:
2659:
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2652:
2648:
2643:This section
2641:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2600:United States
2594:
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2579:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2557:
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2534:
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2190:
2185:
2182:
2175:
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2167:
2160:
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2145:
2140:
2137:
2136:General Staff
2130:
2125:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2059:
2056:(1688 – 1765)
2055:
2051:
2039:
2036:(1651 – 1765)
2035:
2031:
2019:
2015:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1859:
1858:Danubian Sich
1855:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:cossack cross
1822:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1787:
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1521:, during the
1520:
1519:
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1407:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:Maltese cross
1364:
1358:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1293:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:Krstaš-barjak
1096:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:shown in the
1050:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1001:
998:
992:
987:
984:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:Bolnisi Sioni
955:
950:
949:
948:
946:
942:
940:
929:
923:
922:Bolnisi cross
910:
903:
898:
895:
888:
883:
880:
873:
868:
865:
858:
853:
850:
843:
838:
837:
836:
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
785:
780:
779:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
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727:
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705:
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697:
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669:
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632:
625:
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619:
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609:
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586:
582:
569:
562:
557:
556:
555:
553:
549:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:fleurs-de-lis
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:Use in crowns
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:Cossack cross
416:
412:
407:
403:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
373:
372:
369:cross').
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
336:
335:
331:
327:
326:Bolnisi cross
324:
319:
315:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
292:
288:
284:
279:
275:
274:
270:
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258:
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248:
243:
239:
235:
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226:
225:
221:
218:
217:
211:
203:
202:(1135–1154).
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:, foot, paw.
185:
181:
178:it is called
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
128:
126:
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118:
114:
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98:
94:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
46:
40:
33:
32:Bolnisi cross
19:
4813:
4696:Signum manus
4649:Christograms
4617:Processional
4550:Conciliation
4476:Saint Julian
4288:Consecration
4126:Saint Thomas
4106:Saint Philip
4056:Saint George
3895:
3326:Anuradhapura
3237:, retrieved
3224:
3214:
3207:"Georgskors"
3202:
3198:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3162:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3133:
3124:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3059:
3055:Koch, Rudolf
3049:
3038:. Retrieved
3029:
2997:
2990:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2932:
2913:
2884:Firefighters
2882:
2827:
2702:
2695:
2680:
2671:
2656:Please help
2644:
2411:Cross)": -->
2350:Rivne Oblast
2082:Catherine II
2048:flag of the
2028:flag of the
1852:Flag of the
1818:
1791:Flag of the
1763:, the term "
1758:
1568:
1554:Wagner Group
1546:cross alisée
1545:
1516:
1513:cross alisée
1512:
1510:
1475:Kirov Oblast
1431:
1360:
1344:Skierniewice
1281:
1165:
1145:Flag of the
1126:
1100:
1098:
936:
925:
909:Saint-Gondon
834:
759:fleur-de-lys
736:
662:
654:Modern usage
612:
607:
603:
601:
578:
545:
521:created for
506:
486:
484:
465:
444:
436:
421:in Ukraine.
385:cross pattee
384:
348:cross alisée
347:
222:Description
209:
200:King Stephen
191:
183:
179:
155:
144:
136:
134:
89:
78:croix pattée
70:cross formée
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:cross pattée
53:
51:
18:Cross pattee
4836:Scientology
4676:IX monogram
4533:By function
4466:Saint Alban
4268:Carolingian
4156:Short Sword
4116:Saint Piran
4096:Saint Peter
4036:Saint David
3918:Patriarchal
3771:Latin/Roman
3596:Evangelists
3376:Balkenkreuz
3366:Arrow/Barby
2888:St. Florian
2875:during the
2869:Fifth Corps
2808:Toulouse FC
2784:Mira Mar SC
2618:Confederate
2074:Alexander I
2000:(1685-1712)
1980:(1671-1782)
1960:(1649-1658)
1940:(1648-1667)
1920:(1648-1649)
1900:(1648-1649)
1880:(1625-1782)
1748:Villafáfila
1603: [
1534: [
1527:Crimean War
631:World War I
614:Balkenkreuz
476:half arches
441:Rudolf Koch
391:(1617-93),
269:Balkenkreuz
245: [
242:Leechkirche
180:Tatzenkreuz
172:candelabrum
113:Theodelinda
86:Tatzenkreuz
66:cross formy
4958:Categories
4506:Two-barred
4208:Historical
4076:Saint John
4026:Saint Chad
3967:Resistance
3781:Macedonian
3670:'s variant
3668:Archbishop
3464:Canterbury
3336:Archangels
3239:3 February
3225:Frimuraren
3165:, Feb 2002
3040:2023-08-11
2953:References
2698:imprimatur
2626:Other uses
2252:See also:
2103:featuring
1718:Sabiñánigo
1170:Nicholas I
1107:Montenegro
1089:Montenegro
646:Bundeswehr
597:Bundeswehr
589:Iron Cross
575:Iron Cross
505:. A cross
491:Koh-i-Noor
309:Bundeswehr
261:War Ensign
238:Iron Cross
62:cross paty
39:Iron Cross
4653:Chrismons
4612:Preaching
4454:Quarterly
4424:Nestorian
4364:Gammadion
4347:Engrailed
3586:Ethiopian
3434:Byzantine
3414:Bulgarian
3163:Bratishka
3140:"Symbols"
2935:Wingdings
2922:" in the
2840:Neath RFC
2645:does not
1658:Mondoñedo
1643:El Bierzo
1490:Perm Krai
1082:Ventspils
849:Ambacourt
608:Landsturm
135:The word
131:Etymology
103:given to
4886:Swastika
4846:Shamrock
4774:Kolovrat
4764:Irminsul
4722:See also
4622:Lalibela
4602:Pectoral
4597:Necklace
4587:Memorial
4555:Heraldry
4545:Blessing
4404:Lorraine
4374:Jewelled
4220:Avellane
3958:Quadrate
3846:Novgorod
3816:Maronite
3741:Jeremiah
3721:Huguenot
3558:Crucifix
3536:Crosslet
3506:Cercelée
3454:Camargue
3424:Burgundy
3356:Armenian
3233:archived
3145:18 April
3057:(1955).
3034:Archived
3032:. 2012.
2941:See also
2924:Dingbats
2910:Encoding
2772:Lisboeta
2620:Veterans
2446:Myrhorod
2254:Volhynia
2248:Volhynia
1839:Military
1829:cossacks
1525:and the
1351:Portugal
1314:Przemyśl
1245:Flag of
1184:Flag of
928:Georgian
769:and the
696:Kruhlaye
604:Landwehr
548:Crusades
523:George V
485:A cross
472:monarchs
470:worn by
206:Variants
196:standard
4794:Mjölnir
4784:Lauburu
4754:Ichthys
4686:Labarum
4666:Chi Rho
4639:Wayside
4592:Mission
4516:Victory
4486:Templar
4444:Pierced
4434:Peñalba
4394:Lazarus
4384:Katanga
4355:Erminée
4136:Serbian
3986:Russian
3906:Fitchée
3886:Patonce
3856:Occitan
3791:Maltese
3681:Gnostic
3638:Fourchy
3526:Cossack
3494:Variant
3444:Calvary
3396:Bottony
3386:Bolnisi
3306:Alcoraz
3287:Crosses
2916:Unicode
2898:in the
2666:removed
2651:sources
2107:banners
2052:of the
2032:of the
1996:of the
1976:of the
1956:of the
1936:of the
1916:of the
1896:of the
1876:of the
1823:, the "
1821:Ukraine
1815:Ukraine
1703:Priorat
1406:Madeira
1329:Rzeszów
1284:emblem.
1218:roundel
1214:Modern
1123:Cetinje
1027:Bolnisi
916:Georgia
864:Damouzy
711:Krychaw
681:Klichaw
665:Belarus
659:Belarus
644:Modern
593:Germany
585:Prussia
480:circlet
363:
330:Georgia
251:of the
188:Planché
168:chalice
119:in the
109:Lombard
91:Templar
4634:Summit
4607:Plague
4582:Mercat
4577:Market
4560:Nordic
4525:Voided
4298:Coptic
4278:Chouan
4258:Brigid
3976:Ringed
3948:Potent
3896:Pattée
3836:Nordic
3826:Moline
3806:Marian
3796:Marada
3648:Fylfot
3628:Forked
3616:Fitchy
3606:Fleury
3577:Double
3546:Fitchy
3516:Coptic
3484:Celtic
3405:Branch
3079:509534
3077:
3067:
3005:
2937:font.
2902:, and
2828:alisée
2098:Otaman
2016:(1651)
1761:Sweden
1755:Sweden
1733:Sitges
1688:Oviedo
1673:Morcín
1544:, the
1428:Russia
1268:Poland
1164:. The
1127:krstaš
1034:Latvia
930::
831:France
749:. The
733:Canada
648:emblem
507:pattée
487:pattée
468:crowns
449:German
437:pattée
352:French
176:German
174:. In
164:animal
149:footed
141:French
137:pattée
111:queen
82:German
74:French
4565:Pisan
4540:Altar
4414:Neith
4328:Crown
4240:Black
4006:Salem
3928:Pommy
3876:Papal
3701:Greek
2078:kurin
2076:; 3)
1628:Spain
1607:]
1538:]
1125:uses
1111:state
726:Orsha
466:Many
367:patté
257:image
249:]
219:Image
192:pateo
184:Tatze
182:from
156:patte
152:cross
139:is a
93:cross
88:) or
60:, or
4815:Rota
4804:Rose
4734:Ankh
4572:High
4230:Aviz
3731:Iron
3241:2015
3147:2014
3075:OCLC
3065:ISBN
3003:ISBN
2867:The
2816:The
2770:, a
2755:The
2749:The
2743:The
2737:The
2731:The
2725:The
2719:The
2713:The
2707:The
2649:any
2647:cite
2448:city
2413:edit
1511:The
1361:The
1166:Н.I.
606:and
361:lit.
160:foot
4876:Sun
4713:Rho
4710:Tau
4186:Tau
3125:aem
2930:).
2914:In
2660:by
1835:.
1819:In
1759:In
583:of
525:as
455:).
443:'s
439:in
198:of
170:or
107:by
68:or
4960::
4651:,
3223:,
3205:,
3123:.
3104:.
3073:.
3028:.
3017:^
2906:.
1605:ru
1556:.
1536:ru
777:.
741:,
667:.
533:.
451::
399:.
358:,
354::
311:.
247:de
127:.
84::
80:,
76::
56:,
52:A
4708:/
4188:/
3279:e
3272:t
3265:v
3244:.
3149:.
3127:.
3108:.
3081:.
3043:.
3011:.
2928:✠
2687:)
2681:(
2676:)
2672:(
2668:.
2654:.
2417:]
2084:)
447:(
350:(
255:(
72:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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