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and wall-lights. Girandoles were a form of candelabras with crystals in the 17th century, but were sold as candelabras in
England by the end of the 17th century. Candelabras became popular in the 18th century. Two-branched candelabras were then the most common, and some designs allowed the branches
190:
Candelabra is a form of candlestick, although candlestick is now often defined as an object that holds a candle, while candelabra can be defined as a branched holder that supports multiple candles. Candelabra has been used to describe all branched candle holders, including chandelier, but a
254:
While candelabra or candelabrum is now often used to mean a branched candle holder, the term has been used to describe a variety of lighting devices. A candelabra may describe a tall stand that supports a lamp. The Roman candelabra may consist of a stalk or reed, the upper part moulded with
394:
Candelabras in the form of branched candle holders were also used in the homes of wealthy. Good wax candles were expensive in the early period, while tallow candles made of animal fat were smelly, smokey and burned quickly, candle holders were therefore rare in ordinary households.
366:
The Roman examples seem to have served as models for many of the candelabra in the churches in Italy. Liturgical services were performed with the use of candlelight, and candelabras with prickets may be used to hold the candles in churches. In the 4th century,
355:. Other types of candelabras also existed in Roman times; these may consist of a figure supporting one or two branches with plates for lamps, or a type that may be placed on a table, with a pillar that has branches from which lights are suspended.
522:
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to be detached leaving a single-armed candlestick. By the 19th century, silver candelabras with multiple branches were often used together with elaborate centerpieces on dinner tables.
106:
nevertheless continue to model light fixtures and lighting accessories after candelabra and candlesticks. Accordingly, the term candelabra is commonly used to describe small
191:
distinction can be made between a candelabra and a chandelier, with the candelabra being a candle holder placed on a surface, while the chandelier is hung from the ceiling.
371:
presented to churches with brass candelabras inlaid with silver. Seven-armed candelabras, mentioned in the Bible, were also be used in various churches, including the
319:
The Roman candelabras used in public building can be of significant size, and they may have bulky supports in stone or marble, of which many examples were found in the
259:' feet. The origin of the term, which means a candlestick, suggests that Roman candelabra may have a disk with a spike on top to carry a wax or tallow candle (
646:
574:
65:, however, candelabras can also be distinguished as branched candle holders that are placed on a surface such as the floor, stand, or tabletop, unlike
414:, or if large, on the floor. In England in the early 18th century, candelabras may be used interchangeably with a number of terms, such as branches,
538:
271:). Candelabras, however, can have a disk at the top to carry a lamp, and sometimes there was a hollow cup, in which resinous woods were burnt.
999:
402:
as "a large room candlestick which has several branches", although candelabras existed in other forms. The candelabras may be placed on a
284:
1004:
1103:
235:, as well as serving as a model of seven-armed candelabras used in medieval Christian churches. A bronze candelabrum was made by
84:
are special kinds of candelabras. Candelabras are also found in churches, some of which may be used in church ceremonies such as
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The Romans used the term to describe a form of ornamental lighting, which may be a tall stand that supports a lamp. In
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Candelabra was known to have been used in the ancient world. A notable example is the seven-armed candelabra or
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510:
471:
in 1959 built the world’s first three-antenna candelabra tower, 730 feet tall. Other examples include the
179:
While candelabra is originally the plural form of candelabrum, due to changes in
English usage over time,
99:. Candelabras in the form of branched candlesticks also became popular in homes as decorative lighting.
17:
1079:
228:
634:
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61:
holder with multiple arms. Candelabras can be used to describe a variety of candle holders including
376:
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399:
372:
89:
440:
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1163:. Vol. 1. Maison Quantin, compagnie générale d'impression et d'édition. pp. 550–554.
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937:
327:. These consisted of a base, often triangular, and of similar design to the small sacrificial
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1022:
The Life in
Ancient Times: Discoveries of Pompeii, Ancient Greece, Babylon & Assyria
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and Roman periods. These may be made of wood, but many made of bronze were excavated in
738:
696:
a pair of ornamental colonnades in west Berlin with a passing resemblance to candelabra
688:
496:
336:
1234:
English, Irish, & Scottish Silver at the
Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
343:. Simpler tall slender candelabras with three feet were used in a domestic setting in
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projecting feature to carry lights at the top, and a base resting on three lions' or
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plant and crowned with a large cup or basin. Examples of the latter excavated from
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232:
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The
Menorah, the Ancient Seven-armed Candelabrum: Origin, Form, and Significance
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In modern times, electricity has relegated candleholders to decorative use,
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In the United States and Canada, the word candelabra is used to refer to
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157:
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683:
411:
407:
1008:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 177.
668:
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66:
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in
Chicago are examples of such structures. Baltimore's TV stations,
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and other lighting fixtures made for decoration as well as lighting.
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85:
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352:
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73:
717:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804.
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248:
126:
Candelabra used for state occasions at the
Belgian court (1960)
58:
30:
This article is about the candle holder. For the hydroid genus
328:
220:
139:
495:
Candelabra Tower, the
Madison Community Candelabra Tower in
1100:
Service Book of the Holy
Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic Church
1042:
A Guide to the
Exhibition Illustrating Greek and Roman Life
492:
528:
A modern candelabra used decoratively at a wedding in the
231:. The menorah has since become a symbol of Judaism and an
398:
By the 17th century in France, candelabra was defined by
331:, and a shaft either richly moulded or carved with the
251:. In this case it is possible the lamp was suspended.
1061:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities: Volume 1
764:"Candelabrum - Define Candelabra at Dictionary.com"
1294:Metal Candlesticks: History, Styles and Techniques
1039:Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities (2022).
956:
793:"In a Word: Shedding Some Light on Candle Holders"
1157:Dictionnaire de l'ameublement et de la décoration
183:is now popularly used as the singular form, with
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1200:
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784:
1064:. Taylor and Walton. 1842. pp. 191–192.
841:
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808:
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266:
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1133:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 225–226.
781:
544:A pair of candelabras with three branches.
1226:
1224:
1104:Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese
935:
836:
715:Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed
170:is the plural. ultimately deriving from
57:(plural candelabra or candelabrums) is a
1034:
1032:
994:
803:
592:Candelabra with Meissen porcelain parrot
430:
381:
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40:
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362:Gothic candelabra in Frankfurt, Germany
14:
1319:
1257:
1221:
1201:Davison, Sandra; Newton, R.G. (2008).
1174:Davison, Sandra; Newton, R.G. (2008).
1153:
1120:
791:Hollandbeck, Andy (17 November 2022).
758:
756:
426:
88:, and in certain Eastern Catholic and
1204:Conservation and Restoration of Glass
1177:Conservation and Restoration of Glass
1074:
1029:
977:
975:
973:
971:
1290:
1207:. Taylor & Francis. p. 68.
1180:. Taylor & Francis. p. 69.
1019:Haines, T. L.; Yaggy, L. W. (2023).
962:
219:with instruction on its creation to
1045:. British Museum. pp. 215–216.
753:
707:
24:
1237:. Hudson Hills. pp. 497–498.
968:
25:
1353:
1312:
731:
516:Crystal candelabrum from Portieux
223:. The menorah is depicted in the
187:more frequently the plural form.
69:which are hung from the ceiling.
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27:Candle holder with multiple arms
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1130:Encyclopedia of Interior Design
1088:
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929:
911:
1102:(5th ed.). Englewood NJ:
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857:
247:, to carry the lamp sacred to
45:A candelabra, with lit candles
13:
1:
1266:. McGraw-Hill. p. 8.11.
1081:Ecclesiastical Art in Germany
814:"Word of the Day: candelabra"
700:
387:
309:
290:Barberini candelabrum in the
134:in English was in 1776, and
616:Church candelabra in Germany
532:historic building in Uruguay
138:in 1811. The word came from
117:
7:
1127:Joanna Banham, ed. (1997).
657:
443:with multiple transmission
379:, candelabras may be used.
10:
1358:
1231:Carver Wees, Beth (1997).
936:Ḥa̱chlili, Racḥel (2001).
628:Candelabras in Switzerland
502:
435:Sutro Tower from Grandview
194:
29:
1258:Benson, K. Blair (1986).
797:The Saturday Evening Post
694:Charlottenburg Candelabra
580:Baccarat glass candelabra
386:A five-light candelabrum
164:is the singular form and
203:Menorah depicted in the
53:(plural candelabras) or
1297:. Schiffer Publishing.
1291:Baur, Veronika (1996).
1005:Encyclopædia Britannica
942:. Brill. pp. 7–9.
568:A five-armed candelabra
373:Eastern Orthodox Church
130:The first known use of
90:Eastern Orthodox Church
1154:Havard, Henry (1888).
441:radio masts and towers
436:
391:
363:
321:
267:
261:
208:
127:
97:dikirion and trikirion
46:
652:Trivulzio Candelabrum
556:Porcelain candelabras
485:KSMO Candelabra Tower
434:
400:César-Pierre Richelet
385:
361:
339:are now found in the
202:
125:
44:
1260:"8.1.6. Candelabras"
1084:. pp. 171, 174.
887:Cambridge Dictionary
818:Macmillan Dictionary
481:KXTV/KOVR/KCRA Tower
377:religious ceremonies
229:capture of Jerusalem
176:, meaning "candle".
156:, holder), means a "
604:Tenebrae candelabra
457:John Hancock Center
427:Candelabra antennas
215:, mentioned in the
923:Collins Dictionary
689:Paracas Candelabra
437:
392:
364:
277:Ancient candelabra
209:
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104:interior designers
47:
741:. Merriam-Webster
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1106:. p. xxx.
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901:"Candlestick"
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883:"Candlestick"
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919:"Candelabra"
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850:
847:"Candelabra"
826:. Retrieved
822:the original
817:
796:
771:. Retrieved
767:
743:. Retrieved
739:"candelabra"
733:
714:
709:
438:
397:
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318:
308:candelabrum
253:
217:Hebrew Bible
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1000:Candelabrum
664:Candlestick
530:Casa Pueblo
473:Mount Royal
449:Sutro Tower
418:, lustres,
416:chandeliers
375:. In some
349:Herculaneum
241:Erechtheion
237:Callimachus
185:candelabras
162:Candalabrum
158:candlestick
145:candēlābrum
142:, in which
136:candelabrum
112:chandeliers
108:light bulbs
67:chandeliers
63:chandeliers
55:candelabrum
32:Candelabrum
18:Candelabrum
1332:Candelabra
1321:Categories
1273:0070047790
828:12 January
701:References
669:Chandelier
640:A hanukiah
420:girandoles
181:candelabra
167:candēlābra
152:, candle,
132:candelabra
51:candelabra
1098:(1975) .
963:Baur 1996
773:8 October
745:6 October
679:Girandole
406:, table,
154:-b(a) rum
118:Etymology
82:hanukkiah
1342:Lighting
1327:Antennas
1078:(1873).
684:Torchère
658:See also
477:Montreal
445:antennas
412:torchère
408:guéridon
345:Etruscan
333:acanthus
306:Etruscan
257:griffins
239:for the
110:used in
86:Tenebrae
1337:Candles
993::
674:Menorah
503:Gallery
497:Madison
465:WBAL-TV
461:WMAR-TV
353:Pompeii
323:thermae
312:550 B.C
268:funalia
262:candela
213:menorah
207:in Rome
195:History
173:candēla
150:candela
95:as the
93:liturgy
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