1035:
deceased getting attention, sympathy, and concern that they never got in life. A second possible factor is that vulnerable youth may feel, "If they couldn't cut it, neither can I". An increased rate of suicides has been shown to occur up to ten days after a television report. Studies in Japan and
Germany have replicated findings of an imitative effect. Etzersdorfer et al. in an Austrian study showed a strong correlation between the number of papers distributed in various areas and the number of subsequent firearm suicides in each area after a related media report. Higher rates of copycat suicides have been found in those with similarities in race, age, and gender to the deceased in the original report. However, a study from South Korea found that preventative measures restricting how the news reports on suicide do not have much effect, possibly suggesting some other causal factor is at play for changing suicide rates.
1112:) to a more moderate, "In cases of suicide, publishing or broadcasting information in an exaggerated way that goes beyond normal dimensions of reporting with the purpose of influencing readers or spectators should not occur." University of London psychologist Alex Mesoudi recommends that reporters follow the sort of guidelines the World Health Organization and others endorse for coverage of any suicide: use extreme restraint in covering these deaths—keep the word "suicide" out of the headline, don't romanticize the death, and limit the number of stories. "Photography, pictures, visual images or film depicting such cases should not be made public" (
20:
1100:, developed a computer model of a community of 1000 people, to examine how copycat suicides occur. These were divided into 100 groups of 10, in a model designed to represent different levels of social organization, such as schools or hospitals within a town or state. Mesoudi then circulated the simulation through 100 generations. He found the simulated people acted just as sociologists' theory predicted. They were more likely to die by suicide in clusters, either because they had learned this trait from their friends, or because suicidal people are more likely to be like one another.
1132:(ASNE), has been quoted as saying, "Industry codes are very generic and totally voluntary. Most ethical decisions are left to individual editors at individual papers. The industry would fight any attempt to create more specific rules or standards, and editors would no doubt ignore them." Guidelines on the reporting of suicides in Ireland were introduced with attempt to remove any positive connotations the act might have (e.g. using the term "completed" rather than "successful" when describing a suicide attempt which resulted in a death).
1092:, goes beyond the theories of glorification and simplification of reasons to look at why copycat suicides are so similar, demographically and in actual methods, to the originally publicized suicide. In the social proof model, people imitate those who seem similar, despite or even because of societal disapproval. This model is important because it has nearly opposite ramifications for what the media ought to do about the copycat suicide effect than the standard model does. To deal with this problem,
1160:
and students to find ways to collaborate to ensure that suicide, mental health and mental illness are responsibly covered in the media and provides information on reporting on mental health and suicidal behavior, literature and daily analysis of news stories. Headline also serves as a vehicle for the public to become involved in helping to monitor the Irish media on issues relating to mental health and suicide.
1289:
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983:). Soon after its publication in 1774, young men began to mimic the main character by dressing in yellow pants and blue jackets. In the novel, Werther shoots himself with a pistol after he is rejected by the woman he loves, and shortly after its publication there were reports of young men using the same method to kill themselves in acts of hopelessness.
1031:
or demographic is to die by suicide. The increase generally happens only in areas where the suicide story was highly publicized. Upon learning of someone else's suicide, some people decide that action may be appropriate for them as well, especially if the publicized suicide was of someone in a situation similar to their own.
1184:
If a novel or news can induce self-harm, then it must be assumed that those narratives might have a positive effect on prevention. There is more research into the damage done by "irresponsible media reports" than into the protective effects of positive stories, but when newspapers refuse to publicize
1159:
Headline is
Ireland's media monitoring programme for suicide and mental health issues, set up by Shine and the Health Service Executives National Office for Suicide Prevention as part of the program Reach Out: National Strategy for action on Suicide Prevention. Headline works with media professionals
1193:
An example occurred in Vienna, Austria where the media reporting increased dramatically the number of copycat suicides. Reduction began when a working group of the
Austrian Association for Suicide Prevention developed media guidelines and initiated discussions with the media which culminated with an
1026:
Copycat suicide is mostly blamed on the media. A study conducted in 2002 found evidence that "the influence of media on suicidal behaviour has been shown for newspaper and television reports of actual suicides, film and television portrayals of suicides, and suicide in literature, especially suicide
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that the person attempting suicide knows about either from local knowledge or due to accounts or depictions of the original suicide on television and in other media. The publicized suicide serves as a trigger, in the absence of protective factors, for the next suicide by a susceptible or suggestible
1252:
which chronicled a fictional teen's suicide was associated with an increase in suicide related
Internet searches, including a 26% increase in searches for "how to commit suicide", an 18% increase for "commit suicide" and 9% increase for "how to kill yourself". On May 29, 2019, research published in
1030:
The
Werther effect not only predicts an increase in suicide, but the majority of the suicides will take place in the same or a similar way as the one publicized. The more similar the person in the publicized suicide is to the people exposed to the information about it, the more likely the age group
1038:
Stack analyzed the results from 42 studies and found that those measuring the effect of a celebrity suicide story were 14.3 times more likely to find a copycat effect than studies that did not. Studies based on a real as opposed to a fictional story were 4.03 times more likely to uncover a copycat
1034:
Publishing the means of suicides, romanticized and sensationalized reporting—particularly about celebrities, suggestions that there is an epidemic, glorifying the deceased and simplifying the reasons all lead to increases in the suicide rate. People may see suicide as a glamorous ending, with the
1008:
According to research study results from South Korea, the probability of suicide significantly increased between 2005 and 2008. Additionally, substantial upsurges were discovered in the subgroups that corresponded to each celebrity, particularly in the group when all variables (sex, age, and
1056:
has critiqued research on copycat suicides, suggesting that data analyses have been selective and misleading and that the evidence for copycat suicides is much less consistent than suggested by some researchers. Additionally, a review by Cheng and colleagues finds that most research on the
1039:
effect and research based on televised stories was 82% less likely to report a copycat effect than research based on newspapers. Other scholars have been less certain about whether copycat suicides truly happen or are selectively hyped. For instance, fears of a suicide wave following the
1027:
manuals." "Hearing about a suicide seems to make those who are vulnerable feel they have permission to do it," Phillips said. He cited studies that showed that people were more likely to engage in dangerous deviant behavior, such as drug taking, if someone else had set the example first.
3364:(Aim of the IASP Special Interest Group (SIG) on Clusters and Contagion in Suicidal Behaviour is to bring together interested people in research, prevention and policy, who can share information and expertise in clusters and contagion effects in suicidal behaviour worldwide).
1051:
Furthermore, there is evidence for an indirect
Werther effect, i.e. the perception that suicidal media content influences others which, in turn, can concurrently or additionally influence one person's own future thoughts and behaviors. Similarly, the researcher
1017:
These suicidal actions tend to happen in the days and sometimes weeks after a suicide is announced. In exceptional cases, such as a widely discussed suicide by a celebrity, an increased level of thinking about suicide may persist for up to one year.
1272:
emphasized the claim of causality in media-effect cannot be considered conclusive because of different methodological approaches and disciplinary perspective. Even if it is accepted that media can have an effect on suicidal ideation, it is not a
1147:
Australia is one of the few countries where there is a concerted effort to teach journalism students about this subject being made. In the 2000s, the
Mindframe national media initiative followed an ambivalent response by the
1047:
area focused largely on treatment for mental health issues, suicide prevention and the suffering Cobain's death caused to his family. Perhaps as a result, the local suicide rate actually declined in the following months.
2265:
Sullivan, G. (2007). Should
Suicide Be Reported in the Media? A Critique of Research. Remember me: Constructing immortality—Beliefs on immortality, life and death (pp. 149–58). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis
986:
This resulted in the book being banned in several places. Hence the term "Werther effect", is used in the technical literature to designate copycat suicides. The term was coined by researcher David
Phillips in 1974.
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to drive people to commit suicide; the effects that media can have on suicidal behaviour are certainly less important than individual psychological and social risk factors.
1152:
to an earlier media resource kit issued by
Suicide Prevention Australia and the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. The UK-based media ethics charity
2231:
Scherr, S.; Reinemann, C. (2011). "Belief in a Werther effect. Third-Person effects in the perceptions of suicide risk for others and the moderating role of depression".
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argues that media effects research as a whole has many flaws, and needs serious evaluation as a field before additional interpretations can be drawn from such research.
998:
People who are young or old – but not middle-aged – seem to be most susceptible to this effect. At least five percent of youth suicides may be influenced by contagion.
3679:
2752:
Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas; Voracek, Martin; Herberth, Arno; Till, Benedikt; Strauss, Markus; Etzersdorfer, Elmar; Eisenwort, Brigitte; Sonneck, Gernot (2010).
1913:
Phillips, David P. (May 1982). "The Impact of Fictional Television Stories on U.S. Adult Fatalities: New Evidence on the Effect of the Mass Media on Violence".
1108:
Various countries have national journalism codes which range from one extreme of, "Suicide and attempted suicide should in general never be given any mention" (
3111:
Ferguson, Christopher J. (2020-05-05). "One Less Reason Why: Viewing of Suicide-Themed Fictional Media is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms in Youth".
3060:
Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas; Stack, Steven; Till, Benedikt; Sinyor, Mark; Pirkis, Jane; Garcia, David; Rockett, Ian R. H.; Tran, Ulrich S. (September 1, 2019).
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Studies suggest that the risk of suicide fell significantly when media outlets began following recommendations for suicide reporting in the late 20th century.
234:
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are clusters of suicides in time but not space, and have been linked to the broadcasting of information concerning celebrity suicides via the mass media.
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1171:
The Papageno effect is the effect that mass media can have by presenting non-suicide alternatives to crises. It is named after a lovelorn character,
1053:
3357:
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Suicides occasionally spread through a school system, through a community, or in terms of a celebrity suicide wave, nationally. This is called a
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990:
Reports in 1985 and 1989 by Phillips and his colleagues found that suicides and other accidents seem to rise after a well-publicized suicide.
4826:
3372:(Article that discusses how the sensational coverage of violent events tends to provoke similar events and the journalistic ethics involved).
4251:
1889:"Experts Fear Copycat Suicides After Bullying Cases. Experts fear a spate of copycat suicides after bullying cases grab national headlines"
2993:
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Etzersdorfer, Elmar; Sonneck, Gernot (1998). "Preventing suicide by influencing mass-media reporting. The Viennese experience 1980–1996".
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agreement to abstain from reporting on cases of suicide. Examples of celebrities whose suicides have triggered suicide clusters include
2702:
2641:
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outlined an association of increased suicides in 10- to 19-year-olds in the United States in the three months following the release of
1619:
4310:
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Etzersdorfer E, Voracek M, Sonneck G (2004). "A dose-response relationship between imitational suicides and newspaper distribution".
1371:
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1116:). While many countries do not have national codes, media outlets still often have in-house guidelines along similar lines. In the
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relationship of media coverage to suicidality lacks solid theoretical grounding, making interpreting the research very difficult.
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4288:
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International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) – Special Interest Group – Clusters and Contagion in Suicidal Behaviour
855:
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4300:
3208:
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Kim, Jae-Hyun; Park, Eun-Cheol; Nam, Jung-Mo; Park, SoHee; Cho, Jaelim; Kim, Sun-Jung; Choi, Jae-Woo; Cho, Eun (2013-12-26).
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suicide events or change the way that they provide information about suicide events, the risk of copycat suicides declines.
4814:
4365:
4325:
3913:
448:
2426:
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D (2004). "Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence".
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are clusters of suicides in both time and space, and have been linked to direct social learning from nearby individuals.
4579:
2669:
2605:
2586:
1832:"Influences Of The Media On Suicide: Researchers, Policy Makers, And Media Personnel Need To Collaborate On Guidelines"
850:
1744:
3875:
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1261:, consistent with a media contagion of suicide in the show. However, some media scholar studies implied that viewing
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690:
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4709:
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2645:
1005:, the people who attempt to copy a suicidal act tend to have the same age and gender as the triggering suicide.
4809:
3743:
1404:
Schmidtke A, Häfner H (1988). "The Werther effect after television films: new evidence for an old hypothesis".
275:
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4169:
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384:
379:
55:
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Bridge, Jeffrey A.; Goldstein, Tina R.; Brent, David A. (2006). "Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior".
1225:, a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on December 17, 2010, an act that was a catalyst for the
4295:
4054:
3473:
3431:
3156:"13 Reasons Why: can a TV show about suicide be 'dangerous'? What are the moral obligations of a producer?"
948:
825:
640:
181:
30:
1447:
Thorson, Jan; Ă–berg, Per-Arne (2003-01-01). "Was There a Suicide Epidemic After Goethe's Werther ?".
1181:; he was contemplating suicide until other characters showed him a different way to resolve his problems.
4937:
4912:
4871:
4629:
4011:
3011:
Ayers, John W.; Althouse, Benjamin M.; Leas, Eric C.; Dredze, Mark; Allem, Jon-Patrick (1 October 2017).
1002:
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1139:, abides by standards that "avoid describing the act in detail or illustrating the method" of suicides.
5083:
4927:
4881:
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and none gave guidelines about publishing the method of suicide. Craig Branson, online director of the
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3413:, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong
1214:, whose death was followed by an increase of 200 more suicides than average for that August month.
1149:
884:
670:
620:
580:
414:
125:
3411:"Suicide and the Media: Recommendations on Suicide Reporting for Media Professionals (in Chinese)"
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in suicide cases at the time of their death with the total figure ranging from 87.3% to 98%, with
5007:
4846:
4548:
4236:
4049:
3424:
3062:"Association of Increased Youth Suicides in the United States With the Release of 13 Reasons Why"
1336:
1326:
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371:
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never materialized in an actual increase in suicides. Coverage of Cobain's suicide in the local
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4851:
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One of the earliest known associations between the media and suicide arose from Goethe's novel
810:
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19:
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2462:
2186:"The Kurt Cobain suicide crisis: Perspectives from research, public health and the news media"
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The cause-and-effect relationship between media and suicide is not simple to prove. Prof.
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8:
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was not associated with suicidal ideation but actually with reduced depressive symptoms.
1226:
765:
710:
655:
550:
540:
90:
3376:
Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide: Recommendations from a National Workshop
2853:
2509:
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1536:
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2754:"Role of media reports in completed and prevented suicide: Werther v. Papageno effects"
2536:
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2015:
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60:
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1959:
Stack S (1996). "The effect of the media on suicide: evidence from Japan, 1955–1985".
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3378:– Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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1988:
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1433:
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1802:
1784:
1710:
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1413:
1222:
1120:, there are no industry-wide standards. A survey of in-house guides of 16 US daily
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110:
938:
A spike in emulation suicides after a widely publicized suicide is known as the
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4634:
4624:
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2838:"The Werther Effect of Two Celebrity Suicides: an Entertainer and a Politician"
2439:
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23:
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2082:"Fidelity assessment of the suicide reporting guidelines in Korean newspapers"
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357:
347:
265:
202:
2278:"Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility"
2183:
1789:
1773:"Copycat Suicide Induced by Entertainment Celebrity Suicides in South Korea"
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provides training for journalists on reporting suicide and related issues.
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645:
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105:
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1980:
1934:
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Cheng, Qijin; Li, Hong; Silenzio, Vincent; Caine, Eric D. (2014-09-26).
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3713:
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2727:
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Livingstone, Sonia (1996), Curran, James; Gurevitch, Michael (eds.),
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Jang, Soo Ah; Sung, Ji Min; Park, Jin Young; Jeon, Woo Taek (2016).
5047:
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3196:
2994:"Remembering Mohamed Bouazizi: The man who sparked the Arab Spring"
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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2964:, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press,
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Norris, Bill; Mike Jempson; Lesley Bygrave (September 2001).
942:, after rumours of such a spike following the publication of
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1571:
1341:
1210:, whose suicide caused suicide rates to rise by 162.3% and
3416:
2036:
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2492:
Mesoudi, Alex (2009-09-30). Jones, James Holland (ed.).
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2740:
2184:
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Abnormal Psychology with MindMap II CD-ROM and PowerWeb
1084:
An alternate model to explain copycat suicide, called "
3390:
Links, resources and articles from The MediaWise Trust
3197:"On the continuing problems of media effects research"
1609:"Preventing suicide: A report for media professionals"
1369:
2960:
Kadalah, Mohammed (2015-01-31), "A Story from Homs",
2628:
2626:
2348:"On the continuing problem of media effects research"
1370:
Halgin, Richard P.; Susan Whitbourne (January 2006).
1358:
3228:
2635:"Covering suicide worldwide: media responsibilities"
2275:
1284:
3382:
Reporting on Suicide: Recommendations for the Media
2800:
2623:
2460:
1189:Late twentieth/early twenty-first century research
2454:
2080:Chun, JongSerl; Kim, Jinyung; Lee, Serim (2018).
1495:"Pattern of Death: Copycat Suicides among Youths"
5070:
2905:"The lure of death: suicide and human evolution"
2288:(9). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e108724.
1770:
1488:
1486:
2375:Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G (2004).
2353:. In James, Curran; Michael, Gurevitch (eds.).
2230:
1403:
1021:
3203:, London, UK: Edward Arnold, pp. 305–24,
2835:
1829:
4359:
3432:
3407:New Zealand youth suicide prevention strategy
2699:"Reporting Suicide: Guidance for journalists"
1954:
1952:
1483:
892:
3399:Australian Press Council news, February 1998
3384:– American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
3309:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
3305:"Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide"
2670:"Journalistic Standards and Practices (JSP)"
2606:"Copycat Suicides: What's The Media's Role?"
2587:"Copycat Suicides: What's The Media's Role?"
2141:"Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide"
1678:
1446:
1399:
1397:
3194:
2561:"Copycat suicides fuelled by media reports"
2342:
1742:
1679:Sisask, Merike; Värnik, Airi (2017-01-04).
4366:
4352:
3439:
3425:
3231:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
2494:"The Cultural Dynamics of Copycat Suicide"
2079:
1949:
1521:"The Cultural Dynamics of Copycat Suicide"
1124:showed that only three mentioned the word
899:
885:
4827:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
3328:
3171:
3087:
3077:
3036:
2936:
2879:
2861:
2769:
2535:
2517:
2402:
2392:
2319:
2301:
2160:
2115:
2097:
1886:
1880:
1863:
1830:Hawton, Keith; Williams, Kathryn (2002).
1806:
1788:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1714:
1696:
1554:
1544:
1394:
3153:
3110:
2902:
2603:
2597:
2585:Franklin, Deborah (September 30, 2009).
2584:
2558:
2552:
1912:
910:
636:Suicide in colleges in the United States
18:
3302:
2991:
2959:
2491:
2464:Influence: the psychology of persuasion
2138:
2001:
1958:
1743:Sanger-Katz, Margot (August 13, 2014).
1642:
1518:
5071:
3147:
1745:"The Science Behind Suicide Contagion"
1731:
1582:
1492:
1142:
993:
926:is defined as an emulation of another
4347:
3420:
2680:. Crime and Police Reporting: Suicide
2357:(2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold
2233:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
2190:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
1079:
4815:Right-wing authoritarian personality
2269:
2073:
2004:British Journal of Social Psychology
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
449:List of suicides in the 21st century
1103:
13:
3268:
2202:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00611.x
2016:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1992.tb00974.x
1973:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00824.x
851:Death with Dignity National Center
14:
5100:
3876:List of countries by suicide rate
3346:
2903:Humphrey, Nicholas (2018-09-05).
2705:, Spanish, French. Archived from
2674:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1915:The American Journal of Sociology
1661:
1643:De Wyze, Jeannette (2005-03-31).
1137:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1135:Canada's public broadcaster, the
1064:Studies show a high incidence of
3881:Antidepressants and suicide risk
3243:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x
3079:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0922
2245:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00059.x
1301:
1287:
1130:American Society of News Editors
3222:
3188:
3104:
3053:
3029:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3333
3004:
2992:Lageman, Thessa (17 Dec 2020).
2985:
2953:
2896:
2829:
2794:
2745:
2734:
2720:
2691:
2662:
2578:
2485:
2419:
2368:
2336:
2259:
2224:
2177:
2132:
2030:
1995:
1906:
1823:
1764:
1625:from the original on 2004-07-04
1098:Queen Mary University of London
931:person. This is referred to as
4810:Authoritarian leadership style
4373:
3154:Scalvini, Marco (2020-06-18).
3113:Mass Communication and Society
1636:
1601:
1512:
1440:
1175:, from the 18th-century opera
977:Die Leiden des jungen Werthers
1:
4715:Social construction of gender
3909:heads of state and government
3125:10.1080/15205436.2020.1756335
2758:British Journal of Psychiatry
2147:. 8 Suppl 4 (90004): IV30–2.
1352:
1166:
4710:Rally 'round the flag effect
3160:Media, Culture & Society
2863:10.1371/journal.pone.0084876
2803:Archives of Suicide Research
2519:10.1371/journal.pone.0007252
2467:. New York: Morrow. p.
2303:10.1371/journal.pone.0108724
1836:BMJ: British Medical Journal
1546:10.1371/journal.pone.0007252
1449:Archives of Suicide Research
1233:, including several men who
1022:Factors in suicide reporting
1009:technique) were comparable.
981:The Sorrows of Young Werther
949:The Sorrows of Young Werther
917:The Sorrows of Young Werther
641:Suicide in music subcultures
16:Emulation of another suicide
7:
4913:Asch conformity experiments
4630:Identification (psychology)
4012:Suicide prevention contract
3446:
2461:Robert B. Cialdini (1993).
1585:Social Psychology (10th Ed)
1280:
1217:Another famous case is the
1206:, the South Korean actress
1076:being the two most common.
1003:differential identification
576:Neurodevelopmental disorder
10:
5105:
4928:Stanford prison experiment
4670:Normative social influence
3464:Assessment of suicide risk
2440:10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.147
1240:A 2017 study published in
970:
4936:
4905:
4877:Normalization of deviance
4839:
4805:Authoritarian personality
4797:
4557:
4514:
4388:
4381:
4073:
4020:
3924:
3889:
3861:
3667:
3514:
3454:
2962:Voices of the Arab Spring
2815:10.1080/13811119808258290
2771:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074633
2153:10.1136/ip.8.suppl_4.iv30
2099:10.1186/s12889-018-6014-4
2051:10.1080/13811110490270985
1961:Suicide Life Threat Behav
1848:10.1136/bmj.325.7377.1374
1616:World Health Organization
1587:. New York: McGraw Hill.
1583:Meyers, David G. (2009).
1418:10.1017/s0033291700008345
1198:, the Japanese musicians
1012:
566:Major depressive disorder
4887:Preference falsification
3649:Suicide and the Internet
3612:Social media and suicide
3173:10.1177/0163443720932502
1777:Psychiatry Investigation
1493:Golman, D (1987-03-18).
1246:found the online series
1150:Australian Press Council
915:Werther and Lotte, from
846:Compassion & Choices
671:Warning signs of suicide
621:Suicide and the Internet
581:Non-suicidal self-injury
126:Social media and suicide
5079:Influence of mass media
4549:Tyranny of the majority
1790:10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.74
1337:Mass shooting contagion
1327:Epidemiology of suicide
1235:emulated Bouazizi's act
4852:Communal reinforcement
4605:False consensus effect
3201:Mass Media and Society
3017:JAMA Internal Medicine
2921:10.1098/rstb.2017.0269
2394:10.1186/1471-244X-4-37
2355:Mass Media and Society
1461:10.1080/13811110301568
1243:JAMA Internal Medicine
1041:suicide of Kurt Cobain
1001:Due to the effects of
919:
33:
4956:Anti-social behaviour
4951:Anti-authoritarianism
4690:Pluralistic ignorance
4537:National conservatism
4532:Left-wing nationalism
4515:Governmental pressure
3582:Philosophy of suicide
3404:Suicide and the media
3388:Suicide and the media
3321:10.1136/jech.57.4.238
2970:10.7312/alsa16318-043
1887:Mulvihill, G (2010).
1698:10.3390/ijerph9010123
1066:psychiatric disorders
914:
385:LGBT-related suicides
28:Reading from Goethe's
22:
4918:Breaching experiment
4705:Operant conditioning
4650:Mere exposure effect
3899:Suicide in antiquity
3687:Bullying and suicide
3572:Interpersonal theory
3567:Identity performance
3547:Dysfunctional family
3486:Suicide intervention
3396:Reporting on suicide
2604:Franklin, D (2009).
2559:Hamzelou, J (2009).
1317:Blue Whale Challenge
1275:sufficient condition
616:Suicidal ambivalence
444:Suicide in antiquity
231:Bullying and suicide
146:Voluntary euthanasia
86:Identity performance
76:Dysfunctional family
4798:Individual pressure
4675:Passing (sociology)
4610:Fear of missing out
4575:Closure (sociology)
4489:Enemy of the people
3957:Diseases of despair
3947:Consensual homicide
3914:in the 21st century
3744:Jumping from height
2854:2013PLoSO...884876K
2703:The MediaWise Trust
2642:The MediaWise Trust
2510:2009PLoSO...4.7252M
2294:2014PLoSO...9j8724C
1537:2009PLoSO...4.7252M
1519:Mesoudi, A (2009).
1227:Tunisian Revolution
1143:Journalist training
994:Demographic factors
656:Suicide terminology
541:Diseases of despair
4966:Civil disobedience
4923:Milgram experiment
4862:Creeping normality
4764:Social integration
4700:Psychosocial issue
4640:Invented tradition
4494:Enemy of the state
3801:London Underground
3659:Workplace bullying
3496:Suicide prevention
3360:2020-01-16 at the
3275:The Copycat Effect
2915:(1754): 20170269.
2344:Livingstone, Sofia
1750:The New York Times
1645:"Why Do They Die?"
1499:The New York Times
1080:Social proof model
920:
866:Final Exit Network
861:Exit International
626:Suicide and trauma
380:Gender differences
173:Assessment of risk
151:Workplace bullying
34:
5084:Journalism ethics
5066:
5065:
4946:Alternative media
4835:
4834:
4774:Spiral of silence
4645:Memory conformity
4585:Consensus reality
4478:Persona non grata
4399:Damnatio memoriae
4341:
4340:
4055:Music subcultures
3952:Depression (mood)
3607:Social inequality
3481:Suicidal ideation
3210:978-0-340-61418-1
2979:978-0-231-53858-9
2086:BMC Public Health
1842:(7377): 1374–75.
1594:978-0-07-337066-8
1309:Psychology portal
1270:Sonia Livingstone
1059:Sonia Livingstone
933:suicide contagion
909:
908:
631:Suicide awareness
536:Depression (mood)
494:Related phenomena
5096:
4991:Devil's advocate
4961:Auto-segregation
4857:Countersignaling
4784:Toxic positivity
4759:Social influence
4720:Social contagion
4565:Bandwagon effect
4522:Authoritarianism
4386:
4385:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4316:military veteran
4301:Assisted suicide
4289:Assisted suicide
3904:List of suicides
3699:Charcoal-burning
3675:Assisted suicide
3627:Suicide survivor
3617:Social rejection
3552:Economic anxiety
3441:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3342:
3332:
3303:Stack S (2003).
3289:Suicide Clusters
3263:
3262:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3166:(7–8): 1564–74.
3151:
3145:
3144:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2900:
2894:
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2883:
2865:
2833:
2827:
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2798:
2792:
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2773:
2749:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2678:CBC/Radio-Canada
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2644:. Archived from
2639:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2550:
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2539:
2521:
2489:
2483:
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2458:
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2423:
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2416:
2406:
2396:
2372:
2366:
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2363:
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2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2305:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2139:Stack S (2002).
2136:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2101:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2039:Arch Suicide Res
2034:
2028:
2027:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1792:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1700:
1676:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1649:San Diego Reader
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1367:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1229:and sparked the
1223:Mohamed Bouazizi
1104:Journalism codes
901:
894:
887:
651:Suicide survivor
516:Anxiety disorder
439:List of suicides
415:among LGBT youth
400:Seasonal effects
313:Prisoner suicide
131:Social rejection
121:Social isolation
36:
35:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5033:Insubordination
4981:Culture jamming
4971:Cosmopolitanism
4932:
4901:
4872:Internalization
4831:
4793:
4553:
4544:Totalitarianism
4510:
4377:
4372:
4342:
4337:
4321:Native American
4069:
4016:
3997:Suicide methods
3992:Suicide attempt
3920:
3885:
3871:Sex differences
3857:
3663:
3654:Toxic workplace
3602:School bullying
3592:Religious views
3510:
3450:
3445:
3362:Wayback Machine
3349:
3271:
3269:Further reading
3266:
3237:(3–4): 372–94.
3227:
3223:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3193:
3189:
3152:
3148:
3109:
3105:
3066:JAMA Psychiatry
3058:
3054:
3023:(10): 1527–29.
3009:
3005:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2958:
2954:
2901:
2897:
2834:
2830:
2799:
2795:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2730:. 5 March 2011.
2726:
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2229:
2225:
2182:
2178:
2137:
2133:
2078:
2074:
2035:
2031:
2000:
1996:
1957:
1950:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1885:
1881:
1828:
1824:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1741:
1732:
1677:
1662:
1653:
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1637:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1581:
1572:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1484:
1445:
1441:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1347:Sati (practice)
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:Medicine portal
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1255:JAMA Psychiatry
1219:self-immolation
1191:
1178:The Magic Flute
1169:
1145:
1106:
1090:Robert Cialdini
1082:
1074:substance abuse
1054:Gerard Sullivan
1024:
1015:
996:
973:
957:suicide cluster
924:copycat suicide
905:
876:
875:
871:Hemlock Society
841:
840:
831:
830:
691:Rate by country
686:
685:
676:
675:
661:Suicide tourism
606:Substance abuse
571:Mental disorder
531:Coping planning
521:Autism spectrum
496:
495:
486:
485:
481:Suicide mission
466:
465:
454:
453:
434:
433:
422:
421:
405:Suicidal person
395:Rate by country
375:
374:
363:
362:
221:
220:
208:
207:
198:Suicide attempt
168:
167:
156:
155:
141:Toxic workplace
111:School bullying
101:Religious views
51:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:Counterculture
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4938:Anticonformity
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4897:Social reality
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4837:
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4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
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4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4789:Untouchability
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
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4727:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4655:Milieu control
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Indoctrination
4632:
4627:
4625:Herd mentality
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4558:Group pressure
4555:
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4481:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4436:Cancel culture
4433:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4402:
4394:
4392:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4370:
4363:
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4348:
4339:
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4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4284:United Kingdom
4281:
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4266:
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4057:
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4047:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:Caring letters
3939:
3937:Animal suicide
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Suicide attack
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Self-sacrifice
3805:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Murder–suicide
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3515:Social aspects
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3469:Crisis hotline
3466:
3460:
3458:
3456:Suicide crisis
3452:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3400:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3369:Copycat Effect
3365:
3348:
3347:External links
3345:
3344:
3343:
3300:
3286:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3221:
3209:
3187:
3146:
3103:
3072:(9): 933–940.
3052:
3003:
2984:
2978:
2952:
2895:
2848:(12): e84876.
2828:
2793:
2744:
2733:
2719:
2690:
2661:
2622:
2596:
2577:
2551:
2484:
2477:
2453:
2418:
2381:BMC Psychiatry
2367:
2335:
2268:
2258:
2223:
2176:
2131:
2072:
2029:
2010:(4): 295–306.
1994:
1948:
1927:10.1086/227596
1921:(6): 1340–59.
1905:
1879:
1822:
1763:
1730:
1660:
1635:
1600:
1593:
1570:
1511:
1482:
1439:
1393:
1386:
1380:. p. 62.
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1298:
1282:
1279:
1263:13 Reasons Why
1259:13 Reasons Why
1249:13 Reasons Why
1212:Marilyn Monroe
1190:
1187:
1168:
1165:
1144:
1141:
1105:
1102:
1081:
1078:
1070:mood disorders
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
995:
992:
972:
969:
961:Point clusters
940:Werther effect
907:
906:
904:
903:
896:
889:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
838:
837:
836:
833:
832:
829:
828:
823:
821:United Kingdom
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
687:
683:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
497:
493:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
473:
467:
461:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
446:
441:
435:
429:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
376:
370:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
355:
353:Suicide attack
350:
345:
340:
335:
333:Self-sacrifice
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
299:
298:
288:
286:Murder–suicide
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
228:
222:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
178:Crisis hotline
175:
169:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
138:
136:Social support
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:Social aspects
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
24:Wilhelm Amberg
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5101:
5090:
5089:Suicide types
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Individualism
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Herd behavior
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Control freak
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Socialization
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Peer pressure
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:Normalization
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Culture shock
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4446:Deplatforming
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4296:United States
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:By subculture
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Perfectionism
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Banzai charge
3811:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Sokushinbutsu
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:Vatakkiruttal
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:Suicide types
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Social stigma
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3506:Warning signs
3504:
3502:
3501:Suicide watch
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3315:(4): 238–40.
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3297:0-571-12991-9
3294:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:0-7434-8223-9
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2764:(3): 234–43.
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2709:on 2005-03-11
2708:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2651:on 2007-06-14
2647:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2478:0-688-12816-5
2474:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:(4): 147–55.
2433:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2356:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:(6): 624–34.
2238:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:(3): 260–71.
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:(2): 137–45.
2044:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:(2): 132–42.
1966:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1691:(1): 123–38.
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:(3): 665–76.
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1387:0-07-322872-9
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Herd behavior
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Copycat crime
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1164:
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1118:United States
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965:Mass clusters
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591:Schizophrenia
589:
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586:Perfectionism
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471:Banzai charge
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410:Youth suicide
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358:Vatakkiruttal
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348:Sokushinbutsu
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203:Suicide watch
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38:
37:
32:
29:
25:
21:
5038:Pueblo clown
5023:Idiosyncrasy
5008:Eccentricity
4892:Social proof
4744:
4600:Echo chamber
4580:Collectivism
4570:Brainwashing
4501:Scapegoating
4484:Public enemy
4476:
4467:
4431:Blacklisting
4418:
4397:
4390:Proscription
4237:Saudi Arabia
4002:Suicide note
3962:Echo chamber
3863:Epidemiology
3848:Suicide pill
3703:
3597:Right to die
3403:
3395:
3368:
3353:
3312:
3308:
3288:
3274:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3214:, retrieved
3200:
3190:
3163:
3159:
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3116:
3112:
3106:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3020:
3016:
3006:
2997:
2987:
2961:
2955:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2809:(1): 67–74.
2806:
2802:
2796:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2736:
2722:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:the original
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2653:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2613:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2590:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2565:Newscientist
2564:
2554:
2504:(9): e7252.
2501:
2497:
2487:
2463:
2456:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2359:. Retrieved
2354:
2338:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2144:
2134:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1964:
1960:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:
1882:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1783:(1): 74–81.
1780:
1776:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1748:
1688:
1684:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1603:
1584:
1531:(9): e7252.
1528:
1524:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1455:(1): 69–72.
1452:
1448:
1442:
1409:
1406:Psychol. Med
1405:
1372:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1216:
1208:Choi Jin-Sil
1200:Yukiko Okada
1192:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1125:
1107:
1094:Alex Mesoudi
1086:social proof
1083:
1063:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1007:
1000:
997:
989:
985:
980:
976:
974:
964:
960:
956:
954:
947:
939:
937:
932:
923:
921:
916:
781:Saudi Arabia
646:Suicide note
546:Echo chamber
372:Epidemiology
245:
188:Intervention
106:Right to die
70:
27:
5058:Shock value
5013:Eclecticism
4906:Experiments
4527:Nationalism
4463:Civil death
4382:Enforcement
4274:Switzerland
4247:South Korea
4081:Afghanistan
3982:Self-hatred
3791:Prayopavesa
3644:Terminology
3632:bereavement
3577:Legislation
3491:Suicidology
1378:McGraw-Hill
1231:Arab Spring
1196:Ruan Lingyu
811:Switzerland
791:South Korea
696:Afghanistan
666:Suicidology
601:Self-hatred
308:Prayopavesa
91:Legislation
5073:Categories
4847:Compliance
4840:Conformity
4740:Hysterical
4730:Behavioral
4695:Propaganda
4680:Patriotism
4615:Groupthink
4441:Censorship
4420:Homo sacer
4375:Conformity
4252:LGBT youth
4207:Mozambique
4192:Kazakhstan
4091:Bangladesh
4074:By country
4033:LGBT youth
3967:Last words
3781:Sallekhana
3739:Immolation
3714:Familicide
3639:Literature
3557:Euthanasia
3532:Altruistic
3393:Herman J,
3216:2020-07-22
3119:: 85–105.
2998:AL JAZEERA
2713:2007-06-09
2684:2022-01-26
2655:2007-06-09
2361:2024-07-19
1654:2008-02-05
1629:2007-06-09
1353:References
1167:Prevention
1122:newspapers
706:Bangladesh
684:By country
506:Alcoholism
463:In warfare
323:Sallekhana
251:Familicide
216:Types and
193:Prevention
96:Philosophy
61:Altruistic
5043:Rebellion
5001:Political
4882:Obedience
4752:Emotional
4725:Addiction
4469:Vogelfrei
4426:Ostracism
4409:Dissenter
4405:Dissident
4264:Sri Lanka
4242:Singapore
4197:Lithuania
4148:Hong Kong
4131:Greenland
4086:Australia
4060:Prisoners
3987:Suffering
3977:Self-harm
3853:Vehicular
3749:locations
3537:Awareness
3251:0021-9630
3182:0163-4437
3141:218940399
3133:1520-5436
2929:0962-8436
2872:1932-6203
2823:1381-1118
2780:0007-1250
2728:"Suicide"
2615:August 1,
2570:April 21,
2528:1932-6203
2312:1932-6203
2145:Inj. Prev
2108:1471-2458
1898:April 21,
1799:1738-3684
1707:1661-7827
1504:April 21,
1477:144982013
1469:1381-1118
1154:MediaWise
946:'s novel
801:Sri Lanka
786:Singapore
756:Lithuania
731:Greenland
701:Australia
611:Suffering
596:Self-harm
561:Locations
511:Anhedonia
5048:Red team
4986:Deviance
4506:Shunning
4222:Pakistan
4106:Cameroon
4050:Military
3838:By pilot
3823:Senicide
3818:Kamikaze
3796:By train
3709:Epidemic
3542:Bullying
3527:Advocacy
3358:Archived
3339:12646535
3259:16492264
3098:31141094
3047:28759671
2947:30012736
2890:24386428
2842:PLOS ONE
2788:20807970
2741:Headline
2546:19789643
2498:PLOS ONE
2448:15580849
2413:15527502
2346:(1996).
2330:25259604
2282:PLOS ONE
2253:22050656
2218:23813912
2171:12460954
2126:30208965
2067:37040005
2059:16006399
1989:11973817
1943:10722780
1893:ABC News
1874:12480830
1856:25453137
1817:26766949
1725:22470283
1620:Archived
1618:. 2000.
1565:19789643
1525:PLOS ONE
1434:43518952
1281:See also
1173:Papageno
1126:suicide,
856:Dignitas
766:Pakistan
711:Cameroon
556:Ideation
476:Kamikaze
338:Senicide
296:Internet
226:Assisted
81:Epidemic
66:Bullying
4996:Dissent
4779:Teasing
4745:Suicide
4660:Mobbing
4453:Outcast
4333:Uruguay
4326:teenage
4311:farmers
4306:college
4279:Ukraine
4227:Romania
4217:Nigeria
4182:Ireland
4170:farmers
4153:student
4126:Denmark
4096:Belarus
4028:Doctors
4007:Tourism
3932:Anguish
3925:Related
3891:History
3771:Seppuku
3729:Hanging
3724:Gunshot
3704:Copycat
3562:Failure
3448:Suicide
3330:1732435
3089:6547137
3038:5820689
2938:6053977
2881:3873447
2850:Bibcode
2537:2748702
2506:Bibcode
2321:4178222
2290:Bibcode
2210:8897665
2162:1765497
2117:6134504
2024:1472984
1981:8840417
1935:7149089
1865:1124845
1808:4701688
1756:28 June
1716:3315075
1556:2748702
1533:Bibcode
1426:3263660
1045:Seattle
971:History
928:suicide
816:Ukraine
771:Romania
746:Ireland
501:Anguish
431:History
390:Methods
343:Seppuku
276:Jumping
261:Hanging
246:Copycat
218:methods
71:Copycat
40:Suicide
31:Werther
5053:Satire
5018:Hermit
4620:Hazing
4458:Outlaw
4269:Sweden
4232:Russia
4202:Mexico
4143:Guyana
4138:Greece
4121:France
4111:Canada
4101:Bhutan
4043:Mormon
3833:By cop
3719:Forced
3337:
3327:
3295:
3281:
3257:
3249:
3207:
3180:
3139:
3131:
3096:
3086:
3045:
3035:
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2778:
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2534:
2526:
2475:
2446:
2428:Crisis
2411:
2404:534107
2401:
2387:: 37.
2328:
2318:
2310:
2266:Group.
2251:
2216:
2208:
2169:
2159:
2124:
2114:
2106:
2065:
2057:
2022:
1987:
1979:
1941:
1933:
1872:
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1854:
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1805:
1797:
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1713:
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1591:
1563:
1553:
1475:
1467:
1432:
1424:
1384:
1114:Turkey
1110:Norway
1013:Timing
944:Goethe
806:Sweden
776:Russia
726:France
716:Canada
526:Coping
271:Jauhar
256:Forced
165:Crisis
4735:Crime
4595:Dogma
4414:Exile
4259:Spain
4212:Nepal
4187:Japan
4165:youth
4160:India
4116:China
4065:Youth
3734:Honor
3587:Shame
3137:S2CID
2649:(PDF)
2638:(PDF)
2351:(PDF)
2214:S2CID
2092:(1).
2063:S2CID
1985:S2CID
1939:S2CID
1852:JSTOR
1623:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1473:S2CID
1430:S2CID
1088:" by
796:Spain
761:Nepal
751:Japan
736:India
721:China
551:Grief
303:Pilot
266:Honor
116:Shame
4177:Iran
4038:list
3843:Pact
3786:Sati
3756:Mass
3692:list
3680:list
3522:ACEs
3474:list
3335:PMID
3293:ISBN
3279:ISBN
3255:PMID
3247:ISSN
3205:ISBN
3178:ISSN
3129:ISSN
3094:PMID
3043:PMID
2974:ISBN
2943:PMID
2925:ISSN
2886:PMID
2868:ISSN
2819:ISSN
2784:PMID
2776:ISSN
2617:2015
2572:2011
2542:PMID
2524:ISSN
2473:ISBN
2444:PMID
2409:PMID
2326:PMID
2308:ISSN
2249:PMID
2206:PMID
2167:PMID
2122:PMID
2104:ISSN
2055:PMID
2020:PMID
1977:PMID
1931:PMID
1900:2011
1870:PMID
1813:PMID
1795:ISSN
1758:2018
1721:PMID
1703:ISSN
1589:ISBN
1561:PMID
1506:2011
1465:ISSN
1422:PMID
1382:ISBN
1342:Meme
1204:hide
1202:and
1072:and
741:Iran
328:Sati
318:Rail
291:Pact
281:Mass
235:list
182:list
56:ACEs
3325:PMC
3317:doi
3239:doi
3168:doi
3121:doi
3084:PMC
3074:doi
3033:PMC
3025:doi
3021:177
2966:doi
2933:PMC
2917:doi
2913:373
2876:PMC
2858:doi
2811:doi
2766:doi
2762:197
2610:NPR
2591:NPR
2532:PMC
2514:doi
2469:336
2436:doi
2399:PMC
2389:doi
2316:PMC
2298:doi
2241:doi
2198:doi
2157:PMC
2149:doi
2112:PMC
2094:doi
2047:doi
2012:doi
1969:doi
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