Right to die - Knowledge

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court, however, argued that the removal of the ventilator, which would lead to Quinlan's death, would be considered unlawful, unnatural, and unethical. Quinlan's lawyer made the counterargument that the removal of the respirator would allow Quinlan to have a natural death, which is natural and ethical. The Quinlans won the court case and were appointed as the legal guardians of their daughter. The respirator was removed in 1976, but Quinlan continued to live without the ventilator until 1985. The case continues to raise bioethical questions of one's quality of life and the legal process of death. It also brings up many important issues that are still being addressed to this day. One of the critical points that the Quinlan case brings up is the patient's right to deny or withdraw treatment. Cases in which the patient rejected or withdrew treatment were then unheard of and went against medical ethics in preserving one's life. Debates on allowing patients the right to self-determination were controversial, and they would be evaluated for the next couple of decades from state to state. The case also brought up whether family members and those who are close to the patient are allowed in the decision-making process. Since Quinlan had no written documentation, voiced no decision, and appointed no proxy, a lengthy legal battle was caused between the Quinlan family and the state in determining Quinlan's best interest and determining if she would want to live or die. That had a significant influence on the use and establishment of advance directives, oral directives, proxies, and living wills.

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legislators before a decision was made. This brought up bioethical debates on the discontinuation of Schiavo's life vs. allowing her to continue living in a permanent vegetative state. Those who were for preserving Schiavo's life stated that removing the tube would be ethically immoral since they do not know what she would have wanted. They challenged her physical and mental state and stated that she might have some consciousness; thus she deserved to continue living. Those for removing the tube argued for self-determination and that her quality of life was diminished. The Schiavo case is the most recent and significant right to die case that propagates the thought of having an advance directive or living will. It also further looks into other complications that can arise, such as family disagreements, which should have been accounted for when dealing with a right to die case.

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Act, 2016), District of Columbia (D.C. Death with Dignity Act, 2016), Hawaii (Our Care Our Choice Act, 2018), Maine (Death with Dignity Act, 2019), New Jersey (Aid in Dying for the Terminally Ill Act, 2019), and New Mexico (Elizabeth Whitefield End of Life Options Act, 2021) passed legislation that provides a protocol for the practice of physician-assisted suicide. The law in these states allows terminally ill adult patients to seek lethal medication from their physicians. In 2009, the Montana Supreme Court ruled that nothing in state law prohibits physician-assisted suicide and provides legal protection for physicians in the case that they prescribe lethal medication upon patient request. In California, the governor signed a controversial physician-assisted-suicide bill, the

658:, proposed to create an ethic of responsibility "based on a harm-reduction, non-coercive approach to suicide. suggest that assisted suicide should be an option for suicidal people." He argued that the voice of suicidal people is viewed as illegitimate and that there are 'injunctions to live and to futurity' where suicidal subjects are oppressed and silenced. Baril suggests the word suicidism to describe the " oppressive system (stemming from non-suicidal perspectives) functioning at the normative, discursive, medical, legal, social, political, economic, and epistemic levels in which suicidal people experience multiple forms of injustice and violence " He suggests creating safer spaces and listening to suicidal people without forcing the 'will to live' upon them. 1218:. In 1983, Cruzan had a car accident, which left her permanently in a vegetative state. Her status as an adult and lack of an advance directive, living will, or proxy led to a long legal battle for Cruzan's family in petitioning for the removal of her feeding tube, which was keeping her alive since the accident. Cruzan had mentioned to a friend that under no circumstances would she want to continue to live if she were ever in a vegetative state, but this was not a strong enough statement to remove the feeding tube. Eventually, the Cruzan family won the case and had their daughter's tube removed. The case brought great debate if the right to die should be approved from state to state or as a whole nation. 1205: 987:

that causes enduring suffering that is intolerable to the individual in the circumstances of his or her condition." The ruling was suspended for 12 months to allow the Canadian parliament to draft a new, constitutional law to replace the existing one. The court decision includes a requirement that there must be stringent limits that are "scrupulously monitored." This will require the death certificate to be completed by an independent medical examiner, not the treating physician, to ensure the accuracy of reporting the cause of death. The

808: 720: 1277:) statutes that made physician-assisted suicide a felony violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In a unanimous vote, the Court held that there was no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide and upheld state bans on assisted suicide. While in New York has maintained statutes banning physician-assisted suicide, the Court's decision also left it open for other states to decide whether they would allow physician-assisted suicide or not. 1100:) and in considerable suffering like pain, hypoxia or exhaustion. Helping somebody to die by suicide without meeting the qualifications of the Dutch euthanasia law is illegal. These criteria concern the patient's request, the patient's suffering (unbearable), the infaust prognosis (hopeless), the information provided to the patient, the absence of reasonable alternatives, consultation of another physician and the applied method of ending life. 1231:

led to her collapse and soon after began to have trouble breathing. The lack of oxygen to her brain caused irreversible brain damage, leaving her in a vegetative state and required a feeding tube and ventilator to keep her alive. Schiavo left no advance directive or had a discussion with her parents or husband about what she may have wanted if something were to happen to her. Soon after, her husband was appointed as her legal guardian.

991:(CMA) reported that not all doctors were willing to assist in a patient's death due to legal complications and went against what a physician stood for. Many physicians stated that they should have a voice when it comes to helping a patient end their life. However, the belief in late 2015 was that no physician would be forced to do so but the CMA was offering educational sessions to members as to the process that would be used. 1170:

approved of laws permitting doctors to assist patients in ending their lives. In May 2018, a Gallup poll report announced that 72% of responders said that doctors should legally be allowed to help terminally ill patients die. However, framing effects of using language such as "suicide" rather than "ending one's life" have the potential to lower approval rates by 10-15%.

909:(amongst others) to ensure that territories of Australia are no longer able to legislate on euthanasia. However, this was repealed in December 2022 with the passing of Restoring Territory Rights Act. The federal government is not able to legislate restrictions on health issues for the Australian states and territories in the same manner. 1310:" and by participating in assisted suicide physicians would inherently be causing harm to their patients. Rather than participating in assisted suicide, physicians should provide palliative care to minimize patient suffering. These are recommendations for physicians from the Code of Medical Ethics Opinion 5.7 regarding end of life care: 1192:

brain. That led her to slip into a comatose state in which a respirator and a feeding tube were used to keep her alive and breathing. Quinlan did not have a proxy or living will and had not expressed her wishes if something ever happened to her to those around her, which made it difficult to decide what the next step should be.

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In early 2014, New Mexico Second District Judge Nan Nash ruled that terminally ill patients have the right to aid in dying under the state constitution, i.e., making it legal for a doctor to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a terminally ill patient. The ultimate decision will be made with the

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occurred between 1990 and 2005. This case was controversial due to a disagreement between Schiavo's immediate family members and her husband. In the Quinlan and Cruzan cases, the family was able to make a unanimous decision on the state of their daughters. Schiavo suffered from a cardiac arrest which

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ruled that denying the right to assisted suicide was unconstitutional. The court's ruling limits physician-assisted suicides to "a competent adult person who clearly consents to the termination of life and has a grievous and irremediable medical condition, including an illness, disease or disability,

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Since 1994, the following states in the US have passed assisted suicide laws: Oregon (Death with Dignity Act, 1994), Washington (Death with Dignity Act, 2008), Vermont (Patient Choice and Control at the End of Life Act, 2013), California (End of Life Option Act, 2015), Colorado (End of Life Options

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Quinlan's parents understood that their daughter would never wake up and that prolonging her life may be more damaging and it would not be of quality life. Her father sought out the right to be Quinlan's legal guardian and petitioned for the removal of the respirator that was keeping her alive. The

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A 2014 survey of physicians revealed that 54% of respondents agreed that physician-assisted suicide should be allowed. In a rigorous survey of physicians in 1996, less than 20% of physicians reported that they received requests from patients to be euthanized, and less than 5% complied. In 2020, the

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in German constitutional law encompasses a right to self-determined death, which in turn contains a right to suicide. Notably, this right is not limited to terminally ill patients, instead finding its limits within the requirement for the choice to be autonomous. The ruling has sparked controversy,

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at the request of the financial arm of Medicare does permit elderly Medicare/Medicaid patients (and by implication, all "terminal" patients) to prepare an advance directive in which they elect or choose to refuse life-extending and/or life-saving treatments as a means of shortening their lives and

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In the United States, public support for the right to die by physician-assisted suicide has increased over time. In a 2005 survey, the Pew Research Center found that 70% of participants say that there are circumstances in which a patient should be allowed to die; however, only 46% of participants

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in 1975 and continues to raise bioethical questions about one's quality of life and the legal process of death. Quinlan, 21, lost consciousness after consuming alcohol and tranquilizers at a party. She soon began to experience respiratory problems, which then prevented oxygen from flowing to her

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Years later, her husband decided to remove Schiavo's feeding tube since the chances of her waking up were slim to none. Schiavo's family, however, argued against this decision and brought this case to court. The case was very turbulent and occurred over some years and involved the state and its

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The right to die, also known as the right to death, is an ethical and legal concept that supports the freedom of a human being to end their life or undergo voluntary euthanasia. This right is generally associated with individuals suffering from a terminal illness or lacking the will to continue

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The American Medical Association (AMA) is the national association that advocates for physicians and provides guidance for the best practices for delivering health care. The AMA is responsible for maintaining the Code of Ethics, which consists of two parts: the Principles of Medical Ethics and

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choice of the individual (i.e., not due to pressure from doctors or family to 'do what is right' and commit suicide), that the choice be 'the best option in these circumstances' (desired by Stoics or utilitarians), as well as other natural conditions, such as the stability of the decision, the

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have allowed humans to live longer than before. Prior to these medical advancements and care, the lifespans of those who were unconscious, minimally unconscious, and in a vegetative state were short as they were unable to receive assistance with basic needs such as breathing and feeding. The

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Oregon Death with Dignity Act data summary revealed that the number of prescriptions for lethal doses of medications increased by 25% since 2019, and have been steadily increasing since 1998. Of patients who received these prescriptions, 66% eventually died from ingesting the medications.

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As the health of citizens is considered a police power left for individual states to regulate, it was not until 1997 that the US Supreme Court made a ruling on the issue of assisted suicide and one's right to die. That year, the Supreme Court heard two appeals arguing that New York

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questions the definition of quality and sanctity of life—if one had the right to live, then the right to die must follow suit. There are questions in ethics as to whether or not a right to die can coexist with a right to life. If it is argued that the right to life is

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to dispose of them as they see fit, understanding that the right to life does not imply a duty or obligation to live. However, a legitimate state interest in preventing irrational suicides is typically opposed. For example, Avital Pilpel and Lawrence Amsel argue:

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thus suffering unto certain death. Under the Act, the treatment refused in an advance directive does not have to be proved to be "medically futile" under some existing due-process procedure developed under state laws, such as TADA in Texas.

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outcome of New Mexico's Attorney General's appeal to the ruling. Organizations have been continuously pushing for the legalization of self-determination in terminally ill patients in states where the right to end one's life is prohibited.

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accepts the right to die for those who are tormented by terminal diseases or those who have no desire, no ambition, and no responsibilities remaining. Death is allowed by non-violent means such as fasting to the point of starvation

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living, and it may allow them to terminate their own life, refuse life-prolonging treatment, or opt for assisted suicide or euthanasia. The question of who should be able to exercise this right is often central to the debate.

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Opinions of the AMA's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. The role of physicians in patient's right to die is debated within the medical community, however, the AMA provided an opinion statement on the matter.

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to legalize euthanasia for terminally ill patients was voted upon in the 2020 general election and was voted in favour of legalisation. The End Of Life Choice Bill took effect on 7 November 2021.

593:), or if it exists at all. It is also stated that 'right to live' is not synonymous to 'obligation to live.' From that point of view, the right to live can coexist with the right to die. 1020:

decriminalised piety homicide, for terminally ill patients, stating that "the medical author cannot be held responsible for the assisted suicide of a terminally ill patient" and urged

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30 days to publish guidelines for the healthcare sector to use in order to guarantee terminally ill patients, with the wish to undergo euthanasia, their right to a dignified death.

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competent people have a right to end their own lives. Appel has suggested that the right to die is a test for the overall freedom of a given society. A professor in social work,

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Patients who are terminally ill or suffering from debilitating illnesses may decide that they prefer to die rather than continue suffering. Physicians commit themselves to "

1285:, in October 2015 that passed during a special legislative session intended to address Medi-Cal funding, after it had been defeated during the regular legislative session. 4443: 2103: 2327: 2599: 4889: 2186: 609:

If euthanasia is strictly controlled, we can avoid entering a slippery slope and prevent patients from seeking alternative methods which may not be legal.

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has been interpreted in many ways, including issues of suicide, passive euthanasia, active euthanasia, assisted suicide, and physician-assisted suicide.

1032: 1853: 696:"Contemporary advocates of rational suicide or the right to die generally demand, for reasons of rationality, that the decision to end one's life be an 3779: 3406: 1070:

under strict conditions, namely that the patient's consent (or relatives) is needed, and that the patient must be terminally ill or vegetative state.

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Baril, Alexandre (2017). "The Somatechnologies of Canada's Medical Assistance in Dying Law: LGBTQ Discourses on Suicide and the Injunction to Live".

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advancement of medical technology raises the question about the quality of life of patients who are no longer conscious. For example, the right to

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Supporters of the right to die often connect it to the idea that a person's body and life belong solely to themselves, and they should have the

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Another major case that further propagated the right to die movement and the use of living wills, advance directives and use of a proxy was

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Peru legally forbids euthanasia. In 2020, a legal challenge to the law was launched by Ana Estrada, aimed at decriminalizing the practice.

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Buiting H, van Delden J, Onwuteaka-Philpsen B, Rietjens J, Rurup M, van Tol D, Gevers J, van der Maas P, van der Heide A (October 2009).

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Humanistisch Verbond: 'Recht op leven, plicht tot leven' (translated: Dutch Humanist Association: 'Right to live, obligation to live')

1356:. Other religious views on suicide vary in their tolerance and include denial of the right as well as condemnation of the act. In the 5074: 4126: 2023:"Les personnes suicidaires peuvent-elles parler? Théoriser l'oppression suicidiste à partir d'un modèle socio-subjectif du handicap" 5069: 4202: 3798:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

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in 2002. Under Dutch law, euthanasia and assisted suicide can only be performed by doctors, and that is only legal in cases of

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for her right to die with the assistance of her GP, asking for a declaration that her GP would not risk conviction. However

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Give rise to pressuring those to end their lives or the lives of others; ethically immoral by human and medical standards.

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suffering. In practice, this means that it is limited to those with serious and incurable medical conditions (including

1406: 166: 2383: 1910: 4639: 4564: 3765: 3483: 2667: 2086: 1401: 1282: 585:, then it cannot be surrendered and therefore may be incompatible with a right to die. A second debate exists within 361: 103: 936:

was the final state to pass legislation for assisted dying in May 2022, which went into effect on 28 November 2023.

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Porter T, Johnson P, Warren NA (2005). "Bioethical issues concerning death: death, dying, and end-of-life rights".

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Decrease in palliative end-of-life care due to the expectation of terminal patients to exercise their right to die.

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Death is a natural process of life thus there should not be any laws to prevent it if the patient seeks to end it.

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for example, has found that the right to die only applies to those with life-threatening medical conditions.

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have led to many medical advancements when it comes to treating patients. New devices and the development of

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It can lead to a slippery slope; if we allow patients this right, it can expand and have dire consequences.

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Since 2018, the Supreme Court of India has legalized passive euthanasia in India during a case involving

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Meier, D. E.; Emmons, C. A.; Wallenstein, S.; Quill, T.; Morrison, R. S.; Cassel, C. K. (1998-04-23).

714: 4149: 4091: 1941:"Suicidism: A new theoretical framework to conceptualize suicide from an anti-oppressive perspective" 1823: 1715:

Calabrò RS, Naro A, De Luca R, Russo M, Caccamo L, Manuli A, Bramanti A, Bramanti P (December 2016).

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Appel JM (May–June 2007). "A suicide right for the mentally ill? A Swiss case opens a new debate".

1717:"The Right to Die in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: Can We Avoid the Slippery Slope Argument?" 1516: 1273: 1245: 447: 287: 72: 2927:

Emanuel, Ezekiel J.; Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje D.; Urwin, John W.; Cohen, Joachim (2016-07-05).

2682:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - Press - Criminalisation of assisted suicide services unconstitutional" 1204: 5000: 4813: 4188: 3812: 983: 976: 972: 878: 681:. Since human beings do not have the power to act at the time of their birth, no one should have 267: 161: 123: 5037: 5010: 4928: 4844: 3842: 3827: 1566: 1379: 258: 77: 3439: 3421: 2743:"Reporting of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the Netherlands: descriptive study" 589:

over whether the right to die is universal, only applies under certain circumstances (such as

4970: 4955: 4854: 4791: 4512: 4402: 4345: 4154: 3962: 3952: 3917: 3529:"Death with dignity: young patient with brain tumor puts a face on the right-to-die movement" 1662: 945: 408: 327: 272: 2310:"Tasmania's voluntary assisted dying laws come into effect today. Here's how they will work" 5027: 5005: 4960: 4911: 4894: 4849: 4806: 4725: 4662: 4450: 4330: 4310: 4249: 4081: 4041: 3922: 2849: 2793:"Lecretia Seales: Lawyer with cancer embarks on challenge to New Zealand's euthanasia laws" 2347:"Voluntary assisted dying scheme becomes available to eligible patients in South Australia" 1439: 1089: 1025: 1021: 995: 959: 913: 777: 480: 292: 277: 62: 8: 5122: 4985: 4869: 4720: 4710: 4407: 4395: 4340: 4290: 4131: 3852: 3847: 3822: 2364: 2050:

Kelley K (March 1995). "The Patient Self-Determination Act. A matter of life and death".

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Some scholars and philosophers, such as David Benatar, approach this debate in terms of

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with opponents arguing that the ruling may enable peer pressure into assisted suicide.

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Cornachio AW (December 1989). "The Right to Die in New York – the Controversy Lives".

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The right to die is supported and rejected by many. Arguments for this right include:

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If one had a right to live, then one must have the right to die, both on their terms.

582: 496: 418: 113: 52: 3741: 3200: 3157: 2423: 1586: 562: 5127: 5022: 4975: 4950: 4923: 4879: 4823: 4667: 4601: 4472: 4438: 4390: 4380: 4315: 4066: 3982: 3947: 3721: 3690: 3682: 3540: 3342: 3334: 3290: 3282: 3180: 3137: 2987: 2940: 2764: 2754: 2543: 2535: 2395: 2328:"Voluntary assisted dying is now legal in Queensland. Here's what you need to know" 2030: 2003: 1971: 1882: 1785: 1765: 1728: 1637: 1627: 1613: 1546: 1536: 1496: 965: 590: 500: 488: 377: 156: 93: 57: 790: Passive euthanasia legal (refusal of treatment / withdrawal of life support) 4940: 4770: 4760: 4755: 4549: 4502: 4467: 4417: 4365: 4144: 4096: 4056: 3957: 3907: 1857: 1551: 1384: 1129: 1115: 933: 929: 883:

As euthanasia is a health issue, under the Australian constitution this falls to

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Johnson LS (March 2011). "The right to die in the minimally conscious state".

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Voluntary assisted dying schemes have been in effect in the following states;

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Colby WH (2005). "From Quinlan to Cruzan to Schiavo: What have we learned?".

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Should not abandon a patient once it is determined that a cure is impossible.

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Guichon J, Alakija P, Doig C, Mitchell I, Thibeault P (28 December 2015).

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during parts of 1996–1997 as a result of the territory parliament passing

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Porter, T.; Johnson, P.; Warren, N. A. (2005). "Wolters Kluwer Health".

2241:"The Roles and Responsibilities of Federal, State and Local Governments" 1871:"Self-determination, the right to die, and culture: a literature review" 4730: 4544: 4477: 4320: 3897: 3671:"The body as unwarranted life support: a new perspective on euthanasia" 3545: 3528: 1642: 1478: 925: 850: 765: 745: 697: 643: 518: 234: 38: 2035: 1187:

The right to die movement in the United States began with the case of

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What we do at the end of our lives should not be of concern to others.

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Supreme Court rules Canadians have right to doctor-assisted suicide

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Euthanasia is legal in New Zealand. In 2015, a lawyer with cancer

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The Human Predicament: A Candid Guide to Life's Biggest Questions

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Must provide appropriate comfort care and adequate pain control.

822: Legalized by court ruling, but not legislated or regulated 898:. As a territory and not a state, the federal government under 842: 733: 3323:"A death in the family: reflections on the Terri Schiavo case" 487:

is often bestowed with the understanding that a person with a

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On 15 December 2014, the Constitutional Court had given the

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could have a doctor assist her in dying by suicide. She had

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As of 2023, some forms of voluntary euthanasia are legal in

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judge requested to speed up a right to die lawsuit so that

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On June 17, 2016, legislation passed both houses of the

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over a person's decision to continue living or to die.

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Must provide good communication and emotional support.

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Opinion statement regarding physician-assisted suicide

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In 2002, the Belgian parliament legalized euthanasia.

3484:"Assisted-death bill passes first Assembly committee" 2438:"B.C. court asked to fast-track right-to-die lawsuit" 811:

Current status of assisted suicide around the world:

705:, the absence of mental illness, deliberation, etc." 2600:"Canada legalises euthanasia for the terminally ill" 2497:"Assisted dying: Four problems, one simple solution" 3170: 3127: 2907:"Americans' Strong Support for Euthanasia Persists" 2384:"The euthanasia law in Belgium and the Netherlands" 4150:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 3639:Catholic Digest – the Magazine for Catholic Living 3510:"New Mexico judge affirms right to 'aid in dying'" 2570: 3752:"Uit Vrije Wil – Burgerinitiatief voltooid leven" 3072: 3070: 1215:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health 5109: 3050: 3048: 3046: 2606:. Maximum Media; Dublin, Ireland. Archived from 2382:Wal, Gerrit van der; Deliens, Luc (2003-10-11). 2736: 2734: 2665: 3316: 3314: 3101:"Quinlan case set pace for bioethics debate". 3096: 3094: 3092: 3067: 2707:"Nach Sterbehilfe-Urteil: Ein Dammbruch droht" 2191:euthanasia.procon.org – Euthanasia– ProCon.org 1710: 1708: 1706: 646:expert Sean W. Asher, and bioethics professor 4196: 3773: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3043: 2344: 907:Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 499:should be allowed to end their own life, use 448: 249:The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia 3787: 3164: 2731: 2301: 828: Physician-assisted suicide is illegal. 3818:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 3311: 3089: 2338: 2307: 1911:"Next: Assisted Suicide for Healthy People" 1703: 1177: 4203: 4189: 3780: 3766: 3635:"Do people who commit suicide go to hell?" 3234: 3213: 2818:"Judge thanks woman for right-to-die case" 2668:"Los principios para regular la eutanasia" 2381: 2263: 2158: 1683:Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration 1422:World Federation of Right to Die Societies 816: Physician-assisted suicide is legal. 455: 441: 192:World Federation of Right to Die Societies 3694: 3544: 3422:"See Which States Allow Assisted Suicide" 3346: 3294: 3262: 3076: 2991: 2840: 2838: 2768: 2758: 2547: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2034: 1975: 1886: 1868: 1814:(2). The University of Michigan: 93–123. 1732: 728: Active voluntary euthanasia legal ( 3054: 2889:"Strong Public Support for Right to Die" 1798: 1203: 1033:Ministry of Health and Social Protection 806: 718: 4032:Right to an adequate standard of living 2571:The Canadian Press (27 December 2015). 2214: 2076: 1957: 1755: 723:Status of euthanasia around the world: 471:is a concept based on the opinion that 5110: 3833:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 3526: 3507: 3419: 3320: 2835: 2147: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2049: 1964:Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 1012:Legality of euthanasia § Colombia 715:Voluntary euthanasia § By country 349:Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 4184: 3761: 3711: 3609: 3456: 3252:Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 3249: 3021: 3019: 2922: 2920: 2597: 2524:"Top court hears right-to-die appeal" 2521: 2485:Sean Fine, Globe and Mail 6 Feb. 2015 2104:"What is Wrong with Rational Suicide" 2020: 1993: 1938: 1360:, suicide is considered a grave sin. 1158:Assisted suicide in the United States 896:Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 802: All forms of euthanasia illegal 509:vary from condoning the practice of " 3668: 3327:Canadian Medical Association Journal 3268: 2666:Redacción Salud (19 February 2015). 2101: 1989: 1987: 1934: 1932: 1721:Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 1368: 979:. She died of an infection in 2012. 3617:"Hinduism – Euthanasia and Suicide" 2980:The New England Journal of Medicine 2797:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2127: 1002:to allow euthanasia within Canada. 13: 3661: 3481: 3016: 2917: 2704: 2264:Cunningham, Melissa (2019-06-19). 1808:The Tanner Lecture on Human Values 1407:Death with Dignity National Center 1402:Compassion & Choices of Oregon 167:Death with Dignity National Center 14: 5144: 4640:List of countries by suicide rate 3953:Right to refuse medical treatment 2345:Isabel Dayman (31 January 2023). 2276:from the original on 26 June 2019 1984: 1929: 1283:California End of Life Option Act 1028:"in the shortest time possible". 630:A court in the American state of 563:Suicide § Social and culture 362:Washington Death with Dignity Act 104:Euthanasia and the slippery slope 4645:Antidepressants and suicide risk 3214:Greenhouse L (7 December 1989). 3185:10.1097/00002727-200501000-00009 3142:10.1097/00002727-200501000-00009 2630:Constitutional Court of Colombia 1221: 1182: 1147: 1018:Constitutional Court of Colombia 890:Euthanasia was legal within the 3627: 3585: 3561: 3520: 3501: 3475: 3450: 3432: 3413: 3399: 3381: 3363: 3207: 3173:Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 3130:Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 3121: 2967: 2899: 2881: 2856: 2810: 2785: 2698: 2686:www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de 2674: 2670:(in Spanish). ElEspectador.com. 2659: 2622: 2591: 2564: 2515: 2488: 2476: 2452: 2430: 2375: 2357: 2320: 2308:Will Murray (23 October 2022). 2287: 2257: 2233: 2208: 2179: 2095: 2070: 2043: 2014: 1199: 1154:Euthanasia in the United States 885:state and territory governments 4165:Sexual and reproductive health 4062:Right to a healthy environment 3409:. United States Supreme Court. 2058:(3): 49, 53–56, 59–60 passim. 1951: 1903: 1862: 1841: 1792: 1749: 1380:Advance Directives Act (Texas) 1317:Must respect patient autonomy. 1259: 1103: 1073: 663:Patient Self-Determination Act 1: 4673:heads of state and government 4082:Right to public participation 2400:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14520-5 2159:MacCharles T (17 June 2016). 2139:Smartt U (23 December 2002). 1696: 1390:Oregon Death with Dignity Act 1350:has a similar practice named 1080:Euthanasia in the Netherlands 760:and the Australian states of 708: 344:1994 Oregon Ballot Measure 16 21:Right to die (disambiguation) 4102:Right to science and culture 3597:American Medical Association 3593:"Physician-Assisted Suicide" 3573:American Medical Association 3508:Hamedy S (19 January 2014). 3420:Barone E (3 November 2014). 3055:McFadden RD (12 June 1985). 2215:Garrick, Matt (2019-06-18). 2193:. 2016-07-20. Archived from 1945:Disability Studies Quarterly 1385:Initiative 1000 (Washington) 1045:Federal Constitutional Court 989:Canadian Medical Association 872: 7: 4776:Suicide prevention contract 4210: 3928:Right to keep and bear arms 3838:Freedom from discrimination 2993:10.1056/NEJM199804233381706 2081:. Oxford University Press. 1869:McCormick AJ (April 2011). 1799:Feinberg J (1 April 1977). 1363: 1327: 1005: 613:Arguments against include: 10: 5149: 4228:Assessment of suicide risk 3714:The Hastings Center Report 3389:"Washington v. Glucksberg" 3109:(15): 36–37. August 1985. 3079:New York State Bar Journal 2365:"Voluntary assisted dying" 2295:"Voluntary Assisted Dying" 1334:Religious views on suicide 1331: 1151: 1107: 1077: 1059: 1049:right to personal identity 1038: 1009: 957: 943: 939: 928:since 1 January 2023, and 876: 712: 650:, in contrast, argue that 636:Physician-assisted suicide 560: 507:Religious views on suicide 388:Principle of double effect 242:The Peaceful Pill Handbook 18: 4837: 4784: 4688: 4653: 4625: 4431: 4278: 4218: 4125: 4092:Right to rest and leisure 3998: 3803: 3796: 3675:Journal of Medical Ethics 3669:Shaw D (September 2007). 3457:Brown EG (16 June 2015). 3440:"Death with Dignity Acts" 3275:Journal of Medical Ethics 2522:Vogel L (November 2014). 2440:. CBC News. 2 August 2011 2245:www.parliament.nsw.gov.au 2021:Baril, Alexandre (2018). 1939:Baril, Alexandre (2020). 1758:Journal of Medical Ethics 1512:Betty and George Coumbias 1121:Seales v Attorney-General 1110:Euthanasia in New Zealand 1094:"hopeless and unbearable" 982:On February 6, 2015, the 953: 887:to legislate and manage. 556: 4413:Suicide and the Internet 4376:Social media and suicide 4107:Right to social security 4072:Right to Internet access 4017:Equal pay for equal work 3903:Presumption of innocence 2598:Keane R (20 June 2016). 2141:"Euthanasia and the law" 1464:Whose Life Is It Anyway? 1274:Washington v. Glucksberg 1246:Washington v. Glucksberg 1178:Major right to die cases 1055: 162:Compassion & Choices 3983:right to be a candidate 3813:Equality before the law 3687:10.1136/jme.2006.020073 3527:Printz C (March 2015). 3321:Weijer C (April 2005). 3287:10.1136/jme.2005.012419 2760:10.1186/1472-6939-10-18 2077:Benatar, David (2017). 1958:Wedlake, Grace (2020). 1770:10.1136/jme.2010.038877 1139: 984:Supreme Court of Canada 932:since 31 January 2023. 924:since 23 October 2022, 879:Euthanasia in Australia 541:), to considering it a 497:will to continue living 16:Moral and legal concept 3843:Freedom of information 3828:Freedom of association 2945:10.1001/jama.2016.8499 2008:10.3366/soma.2017.0218 1977:10.15353/cjds.v9i4.670 1209: 1043:In February 2020, the 830: 804: 5133:Human rights by issue 4346:Philosophy of suicide 4155:Intersex human rights 3963:Right of self-defense 3918:Right to a fair trial 3726:10.1353/hcr.2007.0035 2540:10.1503/cmaj.109-4923 1663:Philosophy of suicide 1207: 946:Euthanasia in Belgium 810: 722: 567:The preservation and 483:. Possession of this 409:Consistent life ethic 4663:Suicide in antiquity 4451:Bullying and suicide 4336:Interpersonal theory 4331:Identity performance 4311:Dysfunctional family 4250:Suicide intervention 4042:Right to development 3923:Right to family life 3873:Freedom from torture 3858:Freedom from slavery 3269:Koch T (July 2005). 2864:"Due Process of Law" 2850:The Associated Press 2646:on November 24, 2016 1440:How to Die in Oregon 1090:voluntary euthanasia 1016:On 20 May 1997, the 996:Parliament of Canada 977:Lou Gehrig's disease 960:Euthanasia in Canada 916:since 19 June 2019, 481:voluntary euthanasia 19:For other uses, see 4721:Diseases of despair 4711:Consensual homicide 4678:in the 21st century 4508:Jumping from height 3853:Freedom of religion 3848:Freedom of movement 3823:Freedom of assembly 3805:Civil and political 3645:on 19 December 2014 3471:on 1 February 2016. 3339:10.1503/cmaj.050348 2893:Pew Research Center 2852:. February 7, 2020. 2052:Physician Assistant 1915:The Huffington Post 1888:10.1093/sw/56.2.119 1609:Advocacy of suicide 1527:James Harden-Hickey 1293:Medical Perspective 1208:Cruzan's gravestone 1062:Euthanasia in India 920:since 1 July 2021, 393:Palliative sedation 4565:London Underground 4423:Workplace bullying 4260:Suicide prevention 4170:Right to sexuality 4047:Right to education 3973:Security of person 3868:Freedom of thought 3546:10.1002/cncr.29283 3444:Death with Dignity 3220:The New York Times 3061:The New York Times 2895:. January 5, 2006. 2747:BMC Medical Ethics 2705:Müller, Reinhard. 2029:. 51, 2: 189–212. 1856:2018-06-20 at the 1829:on 19 October 2016 1633:Do not resuscitate 1427:Final Exit Network 1417:Exit International 1271:) and Washington ( 1228:Terri Schiavo case 1210: 964:In August 2011, a 892:Northern Territory 831: 805: 578:self-determination 513:" suicide through 424:Groningen Protocol 218:Barbara Coombs Lee 182:Final Exit Network 177:Exit International 5105: 5104: 4819:Music subcultures 4716:Depression (mood) 4371:Social inequality 4245:Suicidal ideation 4178: 4177: 4077:Right to property 4037:Right to clothing 4022:Fair remuneration 3990:Right to homeland 3938:Right to petition 3863:Freedom of speech 3514:Los Angeles Times 2986:(17): 1193–1201. 2822:Radio New Zealand 2610:on 16 August 2016 2503:. Toronto, Canada 2394:(9391): 1239–40. 2334:. 1 January 2023. 2036:10.7202/1054240ar 1693: 1692: 1658:Freedom of choice 1592:Piergiorgio Welby 1567:Karen Ann Quinlan 1522:Tirhas Habtegiris 1507:Edward Brongersma 918:Western Australia 782:Western Australia 495:, or without the 465: 464: 419:Euthanasia device 114:Freedom of choice 5140: 5080:military veteran 5065:Assisted suicide 5053:Assisted suicide 4668:List of suicides 4463:Charcoal-burning 4439:Assisted suicide 4391:Suicide survivor 4381:Social rejection 4316:Economic anxiety 4205: 4198: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4067:Right to housing 4001:Economic, social 3948:Right to protest 3943:Right to privacy 3782: 3775: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3750: 3745: 3708: 3698: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3641:. Archived from 3631: 3625: 3624: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3548: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3464:. Archived from 3463: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3350: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3298: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3247: 3232: 3231: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3098: 3087: 3086: 3074: 3065: 3064: 3052: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3023: 3014: 3013: 2995: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2772: 2762: 2738: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2663: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2645: 2639:. Archived from 2638: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2551: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2251: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2227: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2156: 2145: 2144: 2136: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2115: 2109:. Archived from 2108: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2018: 2012: 2011: 1991: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1890: 1866: 1860: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1828: 1822:. Archived from 1805: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1736: 1727:(11–12): 12–24. 1712: 1638:End-of-life care 1628:Bodily integrity 1614:Assisted suicide 1547:Brittany Maynard 1537:Richard Huxtable 1497:Elizabeth Bouvia 1451:documentary film 1443:documentary film 1369: 1118:brought a case ( 966:British Columbia 827: 821: 815: 801: 795: 789: 727: 591:terminal illness 501:assisted suicide 489:terminal illness 475:are entitled to 457: 450: 443: 378:Assisted suicide 352: 157:Care Not Killing 94:Bodily integrity 26: 25: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5085:Native American 4833: 4780: 4761:Suicide methods 4756:Suicide attempt 4684: 4649: 4635:Sex differences 4621: 4427: 4418:Toxic workplace 4366:School bullying 4356:Religious views 4274: 4214: 4209: 4179: 4174: 4145:Family planning 4130: 4121: 4097:Right of return 4057:Right to health 4005: 4002: 3994: 3958:Right to resist 3908:Right of asylum 3799: 3792: 3786: 3756: 3748: 3664: 3662:Further reading 3659: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3601: 3599: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3525: 3521: 3506: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3455: 3451: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3371:"Vaco v. Quill" 3369: 3368: 3364: 3319: 3312: 3267: 3263: 3248: 3235: 3212: 3208: 3169: 3165: 3126: 3122: 3100: 3099: 3090: 3075: 3068: 3053: 3044: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3024: 3017: 2972: 2968: 2925: 2918: 2913:. May 31, 2018. 2905: 2904: 2900: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2739: 2732: 2723: 2721: 2703: 2699: 2690: 2688: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2664: 2660: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2632:(20 May 1997). 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2569: 2565: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2493: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2380: 2376: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2343: 2339: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2279: 2277: 2262: 2258: 2249: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2225: 2223: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2198: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2157: 2148: 2137: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2075: 2071: 2048: 2044: 2019: 2015: 1992: 1985: 1956: 1952: 1937: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1867: 1863: 1858:Wayback Machine 1847: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1803: 1797: 1793: 1754: 1750: 1713: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1597: 1552:Philip Nitschke 1485: 1366: 1336: 1330: 1262: 1224: 1202: 1185: 1180: 1160: 1152:Main articles: 1150: 1142: 1130:New Zealand law 1116:Lecretia Seales 1112: 1106: 1082: 1076: 1064: 1058: 1047:ruled that the 1041: 1014: 1008: 962: 956: 948: 942: 934:New South Wales 930:South Australia 881: 875: 829: 825: 823: 819: 817: 813: 803: 799: 797: 793: 791: 787: 785: 770:South Australia 762:New South Wales 725: 717: 711: 656:Alexandre Baril 573:palliative care 565: 559: 477:end their lives 461: 429:Suicide tourism 383:Palliative care 350: 213:Philip Nitschke 187:Hemlock Society 99:Culture of life 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5146: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5048:United Kingdom 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4706:Caring letters 4703: 4701:Animal suicide 4698: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4631: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4592:Suicide attack 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4572:Self-sacrifice 4569: 4568: 4567: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4525:Murder–suicide 4522: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4279:Social aspects 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4233:Crisis hotline 4230: 4224: 4222: 4220:Suicide crisis 4216: 4215: 4208: 4207: 4200: 4193: 4185: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4112:Right to water 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4087:Right of reply 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4012:Digital rights 4008: 4006: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3975: 3970: 3968:Right to truth 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3762: 3755: 3754: 3746: 3709: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3626: 3608: 3584: 3560: 3519: 3500: 3488:Sacramento Bee 3474: 3449: 3431: 3412: 3398: 3380: 3362: 3333:(9): 1197–98. 3310: 3261: 3233: 3206: 3163: 3120: 3088: 3066: 3042: 3031:www.oregon.gov 3015: 2966: 2916: 2898: 2880: 2855: 2834: 2809: 2784: 2730: 2697: 2673: 2658: 2621: 2590: 2563: 2514: 2501:Globe and Mail 2487: 2475: 2451: 2429: 2374: 2369:NSW Government 2356: 2337: 2319: 2300: 2286: 2256: 2232: 2207: 2178: 2167:. Toronto Star 2146: 2126: 2094: 2087: 2069: 2042: 2013: 1983: 1950: 1947:. 40, 3: 1–41. 1928: 1917:. 16 July 2009 1902: 1861: 1840: 1791: 1748: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1623:Medical ethics 1616: 1611: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1587:Ramón Sampedro 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1557:Haleigh Poutre 1554: 1549: 1544: 1542:Jack Kevorkian 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1502:Eluana Englaro 1499: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1469: 1468: 1460: 1456:The Sea Inside 1452: 1444: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1358:Catholic faith 1329: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1268:Vacco v. Quill 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1253:Vacco v. Quill 1249: 1241: 1240: 1223: 1220: 1201: 1198: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1149: 1146: 1141: 1138: 1108:Main article: 1105: 1102: 1098:mental illness 1078:Main article: 1075: 1072: 1068:Aruna Shanbaug 1060:Main article: 1057: 1054: 1040: 1037: 1010:Main article: 1007: 1004: 958:Main article: 955: 952: 944:Main article: 941: 938: 900:Prime Minister 877:Main article: 874: 871: 824: 818: 812: 798: 792: 786: 724: 710: 707: 665:passed by the 648:Jacob M. Appel 640:Ludwig Minelli 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 611: 610: 607: 604: 601: 558: 555: 463: 462: 460: 459: 452: 445: 437: 434: 433: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 403: 402: 398: 397: 396: 395: 390: 385: 380: 372: 371: 367: 366: 365: 364: 359: 354: 346: 338: 337: 333: 332: 331: 330: 325: 320: 318:United Kingdom 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 262: 261: 255: 254: 253: 252: 245: 238: 228: 227: 223: 222: 221: 220: 215: 210: 208:Jack Kevorkian 202: 201: 197: 196: 195: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 151: 150: 146: 145: 144: 143: 138: 133: 132: 131: 126: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 88: 87: 83: 82: 81: 80: 75: 70: 67:Mental illness 60: 55: 47: 46: 42: 41: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5145: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5060:United States 5058: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785:By subculture 4783: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4736:Perfectionism 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:Banzai charge 4575: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4540:Sokushinbutsu 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4530:Vatakkiruttal 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432:Suicide types 4430: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4386:Social stigma 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4270:Warning signs 4268: 4266: 4265:Suicide watch 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4201: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4117:Right to work 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4052:Right to food 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3933:Right to life 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3778: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681:(9): 519–21. 3680: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3623:. 2009-08-25. 3622: 3618: 3612: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3539:(5): 641–43. 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3489: 3485: 3478: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3408: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281:(7): 376–78. 3280: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3071: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2716: 2713:(in German). 2712: 2708: 2701: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2669: 2662: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2484: 2479: 2464: 2461: 2455: 2439: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2290: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2197:on 2019-03-30 2196: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2142: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2116:on 2018-02-18 2112: 2105: 2098: 2090: 2088:9780190633844 2084: 2080: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2046: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2009: 2005: 2002:(2): 201–17. 2001: 1997: 1990: 1988: 1978: 1973: 1970:(4): 89–110. 1969: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1881:(2): 119–28. 1880: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1844: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1764:(3): 175–78. 1763: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1668:Right to life 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1648:Force feeding 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1603:Other related 1600: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1582:Terri Schiavo 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1572:Sue Rodriguez 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1532:Derek Humphry 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1517:David Goodall 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448:Right to Die? 1445: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1222:Terri Schiavo 1219: 1217: 1216: 1206: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1189:Karen Quinlan 1183:Karen Quinlan 1175: 1171: 1167: 1165: 1159: 1155: 1148:United States 1145: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128:to challenge 1127: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1111: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1071: 1069: 1063: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1003: 1001: 998:and received 997: 992: 990: 985: 980: 978: 974: 973:Gloria Taylor 970: 969:Supreme Court 967: 961: 951: 947: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 880: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 809: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 721: 716: 706: 704: 699: 694: 691: 686: 684: 680: 675: 671: 668: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 625: 622: 619: 616: 615: 614: 608: 605: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 588: 584: 579: 574: 570: 569:value of life 564: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 458: 453: 451: 446: 444: 439: 438: 436: 435: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 404: 400: 399: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373: 369: 368: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 347: 345: 342: 341: 340: 339: 335: 334: 329: 326: 324: 323:United States 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 264: 263: 260: 259:Jurisdictions 257: 256: 251: 250: 246: 244: 243: 239: 237: 236: 232: 231: 230: 229: 225: 224: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 205: 204: 203: 199: 198: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 148: 147: 142: 141:Right to life 139: 137: 134: 130: 127: 125: 122: 121: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 91: 90: 89: 85: 84: 79: 76: 74: 73:Non-voluntary 71: 68: 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 50: 49: 48: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 32: 28: 27: 22: 5001:Saudi Arabia 4766:Suicide note 4726:Echo chamber 4627:Epidemiology 4612:Suicide pill 4361:Right to die 4360: 4132:reproductive 4027:Labor rights 4003:and cultural 3913:Right to die 3912: 3790:human rights 3788:Substantive 3720:(3): 21–23. 3717: 3713: 3678: 3674: 3647:. 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Retrieved 1824:the original 1811: 1807: 1794: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1724: 1720: 1687: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1562:Diane Pretty 1490: 1489: 1484: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1446: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1395: 1394: 1373: 1372: 1351: 1337: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1272: 1266: 1263: 1251: 1244: 1233: 1225: 1213: 1211: 1200:Nancy Cruzan 1194: 1186: 1172: 1168: 1164:right to die 1163: 1161: 1143: 1119: 1113: 1093: 1083: 1065: 1042: 1030: 1024:to regulate 1015: 1000:Royal Assent 993: 981: 963: 949: 911: 905:amended the 889: 882: 832: 695: 687: 679:antinatalism 676: 672: 660: 651: 629: 612: 595: 566: 536: 526: 505: 491:, incurable 473:human beings 469:right to die 468: 466: 401:Other issues 370:Alternatives 357:Baby Doe Law 247: 240: 233: 136:Right to die 135: 5038:Switzerland 5011:South Korea 4845:Afghanistan 4746:Self-hatred 4555:Prayopavesa 4408:Terminology 4396:bereavement 4341:Legislation 4255:Suicidology 4160:LGBT rights 3893:Nationality 3883:LGBT rights 3649:14 December 3493:17 February 3222:: A1, B26. 3085:(8): 12–17. 2873:17 February 2650:24 November 2444:14 December 2165:thestar.com 2143:. BBC News. 1921:14 December 1875:Social Work 1678:Living will 1673:Letting die 1491:Individuals 1374:Initiatives 1344:Prayopavesa 1260:Legislation 1134:legislation 1104:New Zealand 1086:Netherlands 1074:Netherlands 903:John Howard 867:Switzerland 859:New Zealand 855:Netherlands 754:New Zealand 750:Netherlands 703:impulsivity 701:absence of 667:US Congress 583:inalienable 547:Catholicism 528:Prayopavesa 511:non-violent 479:or undergo 351:(Australia) 313:Switzerland 303:New Zealand 298:Netherlands 78:Involuntary 5123:Euthanasia 5112:Categories 5016:LGBT youth 4971:Mozambique 4956:Kazakhstan 4855:Bangladesh 4838:By country 4797:LGBT youth 4731:Last words 4545:Sallekhana 4503:Immolation 4478:Familicide 4403:Literature 4321:Euthanasia 4296:Altruistic 3898:Personhood 3749:(in Dutch) 3602:2021-09-20 3578:2021-09-20 3482:Koseff A. 3036:2021-09-13 2868:Justia Law 2724:2021-01-30 2691:2021-01-30 2388:The Lancet 2280:2019-06-26 2250:2019-06-25 2226:2019-06-25 2201:2017-04-19 2120:2010-06-11 2102:A Pilpel. 1848:(in Dutch) 1697:References 1643:Euthanasia 1479:Final Exit 1467:drama film 1459:drama film 1332:See also: 1308:do no harm 1126:High Court 1088:legalized 1026:euthanasia 926:Queensland 851:Luxembourg 766:Queensland 746:Luxembourg 713:See also: 709:By country 698:autonomous 644:euthanasia 561:See also: 519:starvation 288:Luxembourg 235:Final Exit 39:Euthanasia 5028:Sri Lanka 5006:Singapore 4961:Lithuania 4912:Hong Kong 4895:Greenland 4850:Australia 4824:Prisoners 4751:Suffering 4741:Self-harm 4617:Vehicular 4513:locations 4301:Awareness 3878:Legal aid 3103:Hospitals 3002:0028-4793 2953:0098-7484 2719:0174-4909 2583:2 January 2507:2 January 2408:0140-6736 1653:Free will 1619:Bioethics 1162:The term 1124:) to the 873:Australia 835:Australia 683:authority 661:The 1991 638:advocate 587:bioethics 543:grave sin 268:Australia 119:Religious 109:Free will 63:Voluntary 5118:Autonomy 4986:Pakistan 4870:Cameroon 4814:Military 4602:By pilot 4587:Senicide 4582:Kamikaze 4560:By train 4473:Epidemic 4306:Bullying 4291:Advocacy 4140:Abortion 3978:Suffrage 3742:28038414 3734:17649899 3705:17761819 3555:25703858 3357:15805148 3305:15994353 3228:11646739 3201:36904123 3193:15732427 3158:36904123 3150:15732427 2961:27380345 2779:19860873 2577:CTV News 2558:25332368 2463:CBC News 2424:42196605 2416:14568754 2351:ABC News 2332:SBS News 2314:ABC News 2274:Archived 2221:ABC News 2064:10141946 1897:21553575 1854:Archived 1820:11661543 1778:21084355 1743:28210521 1577:Jo Roman 1412:Dignitas 1364:See also 1353:Santhara 1339:Hinduism 1328:Religion 1239:See also 1022:Congress 1006:Colombia 922:Tasmania 914:Victoria 847:Colombia 778:Victoria 774:Tasmania 738:Colombia 545:, as in 538:Santhara 523:Hinduism 414:Eugenics 172:Dignitas 129:Catholic 124:Buddhist 31:a series 29:Part of 5128:Suicide 5097:Uruguay 5090:teenage 5075:farmers 5070:college 5043:Ukraine 4991:Romania 4981:Nigeria 4946:Ireland 4934:farmers 4917:student 4890:Denmark 4860:Belarus 4792:Doctors 4771:Tourism 4696:Anguish 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