220:
118:
296:
66:
25:
1450:. A 1999 study determined that children who had experienced abusive sexual experiences, "as compared to those without, were more likely to be victims of physical family violence, to have run away, to be substance abusers, and to have family members with drug or alcohol problems" (Kellogg et al, 1999). Additionally, the young individual may be at an elevated risk of becoming poor or
1356:, especially if parents or close peers have a history of substance use. Numerous studies have determined that deviant peer associations are generally associated with substance use and that parental use can account for one-half to two-thirds of future instances of chemical dependency. There is also an increased risk of the young individual developing
1329:
immature when compared to their peers. Conversely, other children may appear to emotionally "grow up too fast"; or be in a mixed mode (e.g. well-behaved, but unable to care for themselves.) Children from dysfunctional environments also have a tendency to demonstrate learned unhealthy attachments due to intergenerational dysfunctional parenting.
557:
includes a "Laundry List", core literature of the program. This list has 14 different statements that relate to being an adult child of a parent with an alcohol addiction. These statements provide commentary on how children have been affected by the trauma of having alcoholic parents. Some highlights
1457:
Further socialization problems can be demonstrated by children of dysfunctional families, including habitual or sudden academic performance problems. This notion can be more apparent as the child may exhibit a severe lack of organizational skills in their day-to-day lives. These individuals are also
544:
There are certain times where families can become dysfunctional due to specific situational examples. Some of these include difficulty integrating into a new culture, strain in the relationship between nuclear and extended family members, children in a rebellion phase, and ideological differences in
1466:
behaviors that can be indicative of childhood trauma-induced psychosis and schizophrenia. There is also a higher probability of the youth engaging in future unstable empathetical relationships, with higher tendencies to engage in more risky behavior, including sex with multiple partners, becoming
1478:
Further dysfunctional behaviors can be perpetuated in other future relationships. An individual that was raised in a dysfunctional home environment may also pass this learned behavior on to their offspring, including their substance use habits, conflict resolution methods, and learned social
1328:
Children that are a product of dysfunctional families, either at the time or as they grow older, may exhibit behavior that is inappropriate for their expected stage of development due to psychological distress. Children of dysfunctional families may also behave in a manner that is relatively
562:
in order to show families that they are not alone in their struggles. Female children whose parents were alcoholics have an increased risk of developing depression. Male children of alcoholics are at a significantly higher risk for developing a substance use disorder.
1425:
others or becoming a victim of bullying. Both of these roles often lead to an elevated risk of the child having low self-esteem issues, increased prevalence of isolation, and difficulties expressing emotions, a common effect related to emotional and physical abuse.
1273:, who is unjustifiably assigned the "problem child" role by others within the family or even wrongfully blamed by other family members for those members' own individual or collective dysfunction, often despite being the only emotionally stable member of the family.
1479:
boundaries. These social inadequacies can result in individuals demonstrating self-protective behaviors, to compensate for the difference in their childhoods, as they may have the inability to practice positive self-care and effective emotional coping strategies.
1196:
Unlike divorce, and to a lesser extent, separation, there is often no record of an "intact" family being dysfunctional. As a result, friends, relatives, and teachers of such children may be completely unaware of the situation. In addition, a child may be unfairly
1237:, in academics or athletics) as a means of escaping the dysfunctional family environment, defining themselves independently of their role in the dysfunctional family, currying favor with parents, or shielding themselves from criticism by family members.
483:
Conflict between parents who remain married, often for the perceived sake of the children, but whose separation or divorce would in fact remove a detrimental influence on those children (must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, as a breakup may harm
1398:, or post-traumatic stress disorders. A child may also demonstrate oppositional defiant characteristics by rebelling against parental authority, and non-family adults, or conversely, upholding their family's values in the face of
1441:
This lack of socially normative structure and defiant behavior is also notable in cases where sexual abuse was prevalent. Early sexual experiences can lead to sexually inappropriate behavior that could lead to future interest in
1016:
Loyalty manipulation (giving unearned rewards and lavish attention trying to ensure a favored, yet rebellious child will be the one most loyal and well-behaved, while subtly ignoring the wants and needs of their most loyal child
1433:
and those who perform acts that are knowingly illegal or demonstrate symptoms of an oppositional defiant disorder. This habitual behavior and environmental factors can also lead the troubled youth to a life of
335:. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents. In some cases, the dominant parent will abuse or neglect their children and the other parent will not object,
1722:
Advances in computational intelligence : 14th
International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, Catania, Italy, July 9-13, 2012.
1672:
Advances in computational intelligence : 14th
International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, Catania, Italy, July 9-13, 2012.
829:
Regularly forcing children to attend activities for which they are extremely over- or under-qualified (e.g. using a preschool to babysit a typical nine-year-old boy, taking a young child to poker games,
886:), or causing the child to dislike the other parent, with insufficient or no concern for the damaging effects of the parent's behavior on the child. While many instances of such manipulation occur in
420:
Disrespect of others' boundaries (e.g. physical contact that other person dislikes; breaking important promises without just cause; purposefully violating a boundary another person has expressed.)
2319:"Betrayal trauma, dissociative experiences and dysfunctional family dynamics: Flashbacks, self-harming behaviors and suicide attempts in post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative disorders"
995:(a parent who willfully separates from their children, not wishing any further contact, and in some cases without locating alternative, long-term parenting arrangements, leaving them as
614:(for example, parents unwilling to reach out to other families—especially those with children of the same gender and approximate age, or do nothing to help their "friendless" child.)
1498:
1264:" in response to preexisting family dysfunction, in the latter case often in an attempt to divert attention paid to another member who exhibits a pattern of similar misbehavior.
1282:: the one who takes responsibility for the emotional well-being of the family, often assuming a parental role; the intra-familial counterpart of the "Good Child"/"Superkid."
392:
towards one or more members who have real or perceived special needs. In other words, one family member continuously receives far more than they deserve, while another is
1031:"The deceivers" (well-regarded parents in the community, likely to be involved in some charitable/non-profit works, who abuse or mistreat one or more of their children.)
2040:
1429:
A lack of parental structure and positive peer influences can lead young individuals to seek alternative forms of peer alliances, including peer groups that engage in
413:
for self (e.g. tolerating inappropriate treatment from others, failing to express what is acceptable and unacceptable treatment, tolerance of physical, emotional or
1493:
1842:
2111:
1719:
Italy), International
Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (14th : 2012 : Catania (2012).
1669:
Italy), International
Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (14th : 2012 : Catania (2012).
1005:(parents who reward bad behavior—even by their own standards—and inevitably punish another child's good behavior in order to maintain the peace and avoid
841:") in totality or selectively allowing children's needs to go unmet (e.g. a father will not buy a bicycle for his son because he wants to save money for
1105:
parent who does not truly care about their non-biological child, but must co-exist in the same home for the sake of their spouse or partner) (See also:
2781:"The inter-generational transmission of trauma: The effects of abuse on the survivor's relationship with their children and on the children themselves"
1077:(either a much younger child is permitted to do whatever an older child may, or an older child must wait years until a younger child is mature enough.)
558:
of the statements include, "confusing love and pity", "having low self-esteem", and having a "loss of identity". The
Laundry List is a helpful tool in
874:
of a child in order to achieve some outcome adverse to the other parent's rights or interests. Examples include verbal manipulation such as spreading
462:
Though not universal among dysfunctional families, and by no means exclusive to them, the following features are typical of dysfunctional families:
351:
Dysfunctional family members have common features and behavior patterns as a result of their experiences within the family structure. This tends to
1080:"The guard dog" (a parent who blindly attacks family members perceived as causing the slightest upset to their esteemed spouse, partner, or child.)
1755:
1705:
1375:
Children who are raised in dysfunctional environments are also at a higher risk of developing an eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa or
1413:
Additionally, children may demonstrate social inadequacies by spending an inordinate amount of time engaging in activities that lack in-person
230:
2411:
2429:
1070:"Not your business" (children continuously told that a particular brother or sister who is often causing problems is none of their concern.)
1488:
319:
on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly. Children that grow up in such families may think such a situation is
1038:" (sometimes related to above, children warned to not disclose what fights, abuse, or damage happens at home, or face severe punishment
1129:(one child, usually selected by the mother, who is forced into going to therapy while the family's overall dysfunction is kept hidden.)
1344:. A disordered family environment unfortunately places these young individuals at a higher risk of engaging in more severe actions of
1112:"The politician" (a parent who repeatedly makes or agrees to children's promises while having little to no intention of keeping them.)
826:" (has no need to obtain child's side of the story when accusing, or listen to child's opinions on matters which greatly impact them.)
80:
1187:
Free-for-all (a family that fights in a "free-for-all" style, though may become polarized when range of possible choices is limited.)
2237:"Identifying Loss of Control Eating within Childhood Obesity: The Importance of Family Environment and Child Psychological Distress"
1209:
Children growing up in a dysfunctional family have been known to adopt or be assigned one or more of the following six basic roles:
1083:"My baby forever" (a parent who will not allow one or more of their young children to grow up and begin taking care of themselves.)
182:
1064:"No friends allowed" (parents discourage, prohibit, or interfere with their child from making friends of the same age and gender.)
780:
Parents always (or never) take their children's side when others report acts of misbehavior, or teachers report problems at school
492:
Children afraid to talk (within or outside the family) about what is happening at home, or are otherwise fearful of their parents.
453:, etc. (may include frequent appeasement of one member at the expense of others, or an uneven/inconsistent enforcement of rules.)
402:(refusal to acknowledge abusive behavior, possibly believing that the situation is normal or even beneficial; also known as the "
154:
2112:"Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study"
1584:
1155:
Parent vs. parent (frequent fights amongst adults, whether married, divorced, or separated, conducted away from the children.)
2989:
2394:
2357:
1731:
1681:
135:
38:
2026:
1996:
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who capitalizes on the other family members' faults to get whatever they want; often the object of appeasement by grown-ups.
161:
76:
890:
situations that have resulted from separation or divorce, it can also take place in intact families, where it is known as
2501:"Low-Income Families With Potential Adolescent Gang Involvement: A Structural Community Family Therapy Integration Model"
1348:
and problematic conduct. This troubled environment can also subject the youth to a significantly higher risk of becoming
1148:
Coalitions are subsystems within families with more rigid boundaries and are thought to be a sign of family dysfunction.
2887:
1946:
1818:
1780:
1653:
2811:
Resilience in Adult
Children of Alcoholics:A Nonpathological Approach to Social Work Practice, Health & Social Wor
1855:
168:
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2545:
1834:
1615:
282:
264:
201:
52:
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People who grew up in dysfunctional families often feel that everything that goes wrong in the world is their fault.
927:(fixating on order, prestige, power, or perfect appearances, while preventing their child from failing at anything.)
793:"Tunnel vision" diagnosis of children's problems (for example, a parent may think their child is either lazy or has
2929:
878:
about the other parent, communicating with the parent through the child (and in the process exposing the child to
3512:
446:
150:
2197:
1132:
3434:
2685:"Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications"
139:
3573:
3233:
2287:
1294:
1454:, even in cases where the child's environment consisted of an average/above-average socioeconomic standing.
2684:
2151:"Who becomes addicted and to what? psychosocial predictors of substance and behavioral addictive disorders"
1523:
554:
487:
Parents who wish to divorce, but cannot due to financial, societal (including religious), or legal reasons.
323:. Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other
2653:
2150:
1417:. This disordered upbringing can also promote the child to project aggressive behaviors on their peers by
706:(i.e. one set for the outside world, another when in private, or teaching divergent values to each child.)
3346:
2036:
1152:
The isolated family member (either a parent or child up against the rest of the otherwise united family.)
952:
Inequitable parenting (going to extremes for one child while continually ignoring the needs of another.)
3667:
2878:
2063:
1579:
1383:
1162:
924:
891:
871:
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for the family's dysfunction, and placed under even greater stress than those whose parents separate.
1086:"The cheerleader" (one parent "cheers on" the other parent who is simultaneously abusing their child.)
3583:
3549:
2031:
471:
242:
44:
2614:
2500:
1838:
809:
246:
175:
3626:
3524:
2433:
2288:"Illustrating the interface of family and peer relations through the study of child maltreatment"
1811:
If You Had
Controlling Parents: How to Make Peace with Your Past and Take Your Place in the World
1135:(a much more extreme situation than above, where the child is intentionally made ill by a parent
757:
128:
92:
2780:
2374:
2337:
2849:
1553:
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at an elevated inability to maintain healthy interpersonal relationships, which often includes
879:
528:
356:
2539:
Glasser, M.; Kolvin, I.; Campbell, D.; Glasser, A.; Leitch, I.; Farrelly, S. (December 2001).
2449:"A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder"
238:
88:
3590:
2949:
2898:
Healing the Child Within: Discovery and
Recovery for Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
1558:
1365:
1357:
819:) for culturally common, lawful, and age-appropriate activities a child wants to take part in
794:
517:
Parents insist that they treat their children fairly and equitably when that is not the case.
2823:. Adult Children of Alcoholics & Dysfunctional Families. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from
2733:
1607:
Forgiving Our
Parents, Forgiving Ourselves: Healing Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
1410:
tendencies that can have detrimental effects on their educational/occupational obligations.
696:
299:
A dysfunctional family affects familial ties and creates conflicts in the same family space.
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3631:
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3534:
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2922:
2893:
1932:
1543:
1395:
1349:
1226:
904:
775:
771:
403:
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Lundy
Bancroft, "Why Does He Do That? Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men" 2002
8:
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3568:
3561:
3263:
3220:
1569:
1564:
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1308:: uses comedy to divert attention away from the increasingly dysfunctional family system.
989:(parents fail to intervene when a sibling physically or sexually abuses another sibling.)
914:
524:
each other, or refuse to be seen together in public (either unilaterally or bilaterally.)
480:
Between separated or divorced parents, usually related to, or arising from their breakup.
410:
385:
2064:"The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury"
620:
Denial of an "inner life" (children are not allowed to develop their own value systems.)
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Unhealthy parenting signs, which could lead to a family becoming dysfunctional include:
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Discussion and exposure to sexuality: either too much, too soon or too little, too late
442:
2669:
2541:"Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator"
1158:
The polarized family (a parent and one or more children on each side of the conflict.)
510:
Lack of time spent together, especially in recreational activities and social events (
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3371:
3341:
3094:
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1337:
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Role reversal (parents who expect their minor children to take care of them instead.)
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992:
760:
2821:
Adult Children of Alcoholics & Dysfunctional Families World Service Organization
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2008:
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https://www.lifehack.org/350678/13-signs-toxic-parent-that-many-people-dont-realize
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1035:
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their children's lives or relationships among siblings—especially minor conflicts.)
838:
714:
586:
320:
1610:(revised and updated ed.). ReadHowYouWant.com (published 2011). p. 222.
955:
3539:
3519:
3507:
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3288:
3283:
3273:
3163:
2969:
2964:
2915:
2517:
2338:"Procrastination, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Stress in Depression and Anxiety"
1936:
1641:
1605:
1407:
1403:
1382:
These young individuals may also have difficulty forming and maintaining healthy
1025:
882:) rather than doing so directly, trying to obtain information through the child (
767:
624:
438:
393:
328:
2386:
2349:
3471:
3419:
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3153:
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2012:
1538:
1468:
1376:
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1074:
1006:
532:
430:
332:
2796:
2749:
1115:"It's taboo" (parents rebuff any questions children may have about sexuality,
816:
3661:
3606:
3401:
3318:
3248:
3148:
2836:
2630:
1741:
1691:
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1333:
1177:
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963:
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559:
312:
2583:
2465:
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2174:
2135:
2127:
2088:
1902:
1533:
1472:
1447:
1230:
946:
783:
681:
657:
414:
324:
2559:
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535:
have an increased tendency to adopt substance use disorders later in life.
363:
or perpetuation. The family unit can be affected by a variety of factors.
3411:
3366:
3210:
3104:
3059:
1316:
1098:
1002:
823:
691:
Being overly critical and withholding proper praise. (experts say 80–90%
674:
500:
434:
389:
316:
2432:. Long Beach Fire Department Training Center. 2009-09-19. Archived from
2412:"Understanding the Behavioral and Emotional Consequences of Child Abuse"
808:
over younger siblings with respect to their age difference and level of
423:
Extremes in conflict (either too much fighting or insufficient peaceful
3611:
3556:
3429:
3391:
3253:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3168:
3108:
3064:
2814:
2654:"Academic Difficulties Found Within Dysfunctional Family Relationships"
2615:"Risk Factors for Homelessness: Evidence From a Population-Based Study"
1443:
1422:
1387:
1368:
addictions, or engaging in other future detrimental activities such as
1353:
1261:
1094:
938:
842:
741:
710:
702:
Double standards or giving "mixed messages" by having a dual system of
617:
Stifled speech (children not allowed to dissent or question authority.)
604:
797:
after falling behind in school despite recent absence due to illness.)
3621:
3328:
3205:
2954:
1919:
Forgiving Our Parents: For Adult Children from Dysfunctional Families
1720:
1670:
1402:. Children of disordered environments may also demonstrate a lack of
1345:
1269:
1116:
979:
975:
942:
805:
731:
663:
352:
336:
388:
towards certain family members, while expressing extreme empathy or
117:
3424:
3361:
3356:
3333:
3278:
3238:
3024:
2584:"Early sexual experiences among pregnant and parenting adolescents"
1463:
1459:
1451:
1418:
1102:
1046:
967:
880:
the risks of the other parent's displeasure with that communication
853:
749:
720:
Unfulfilled projects, activities, and promises affecting children (
611:
595:
496:
467:
424:
360:
1646:
Handbook of Relational Diagnosis and Dysfunctional Family Patterns
295:
3351:
3258:
3228:
3141:
3036:
3031:
2453:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1446:, or facing charges that can result in the individual becoming a
1391:
1341:
1181:
1120:
986:
941:, with children not allowed, within reason, to dissent, question
910:
852:(parents, often non-biological, blame common problems on child's
801:
787:
745:
601:
591:
381:
3641:
3481:
3476:
3131:
3113:
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3007:
3002:
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that their child is up to no good or others are plotting harm.)
996:
971:
883:
875:
703:
692:
629:
521:
504:
433:
or unfair treatment of one or more family members due to their
399:
308:
1332:
The effects of a disordered upbringing may induce an array of
1256:) causes most problems related to the family's dysfunction or
3466:
3069:
3014:
2824:
1921:
by Dwight Lee Wolter c. 1995. Except where individually noted
1435:
1379:
as an emotional coping method due to psychological distress.
1198:
1054:
930:
834:
709:
The absentee parent (seldom available for their child due to
646:
607:(family members not allowed to express the "wrong" emotions.)
450:
340:
2538:
982:, or otherwise putting their children's well-being at risk.)
3396:
3136:
3073:
2198:"Family conflict and adolescent compulsive buying behavior"
1050:
934:
734:(treats one gender of children fairly; the other unfairly.)
229:
deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
331:
or other forms of addiction, or sometimes by an untreated
3019:
2907:
2658:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
1604:
Masteller, James; Stoop, David (1991). "The Blame Game".
870:
One common dysfunctional parental behavior is a parent's
376:
Some features are common to most dysfunctional families:
1499:
Animated television series about dysfunctional families
1297:, quiet one, whose needs are usually ignored or hidden.
656:
Bitterness (regardless of what is said, using a bitter
897:
2882:, Arbor Books / Kids of North Jersey Nurses, 1984,
2860:
Homecoming: Reclaiming and Healing Your Inner Child
2785:
European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling
1869:"Theoretical Perspectives on Sibling Relationships"
1049:parent" (a parent having persistent and irrational
727:
Giving to one child what rightly belongs to another
142:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2499:
2062:
1866:
1867:Whiteman, S. D.; McHale, S. M.; Soli, A. (2011).
856:, when faulty parenting may be the actual cause.)
3659:
2872:The Narcissistic Family. Diagnosis and Treatment
2375:"The Assessment of Dysfunctional Family Systems"
865:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1040:"Don't tell anyone what goes on in this family"
766:Having an unpredictable emotional state due to
2879:Not My Kid: A Family's Guide to Kids and Drugs
1938:Not My Kid: A Family's Guide to Kids and Drugs
1603:
1494:Television series about dysfunctional families
1406:when their parents are not around, or develop
2923:
1941:. Arbor Books / Kids of North Jersey Nurses.
1597:
1267:A variant of the "problem child" role is the
1180:family (named after the three-way war in the
227:The examples and perspective in this article
2734:"Development of Adolescent Problem Behavior"
1930:
1789:
3410:
1754:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1704:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1123:, certain private body areas, nudity, etc.)
527:Children of parents who are experiencing a
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2930:
2916:
1769:Blair, Justice; Blair, Rita (April 1990).
1768:
1438:, or to become involved in gang activity.
2700:
2558:
2474:
2464:
2262:
2252:
2234:
2148:
2027:"Good parents 'buffer' their kids' minds"
1892:
1139:from physicians and other professionals.)
445:, family role (mother, etc.), abilities,
311:in which conflict, misbehavior and often
283:Learn how and when to remove this message
265:Learn how and when to remove this message
202:Learn how and when to remove this message
2409:
2060:
1808:
520:Family members (including children) who
294:
91:by adding descriptive text and removing
2612:
2581:
2285:
2195:
913:(parents who use physical violence, or
907:who rule by fear and conditional love.)
860:
477:Conflict influenced by marital status:
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2497:
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1914:
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1668:
1640:
1585:Factitious disorder imposed on another
1323:
1204:
1184:where alliances shift back and forth.)
790:one child for the misdeeds of another)
2911:
2819:24. ACA Worldwide. (2022, April 14).
2379:Advances in Clinical Child Psychology
2335:
1873:Journal of Family Theory & Review
1482:
2815:https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/22.3.201
2738:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
2682:
2651:
2109:
1994:
539:
213:
140:adding citations to reliable sources
111:
59:
18:
2809:23. Palmer, Nancie. (August 1997).
2731:
1909:
1835:"Praise, encouragement and rewards"
1775:(Revised ed.). Insight Books.
512:"We never do anything as a family."
371:
13:
2829:
2506:American Journal of Family Therapy
2342:Procrastination and Task Avoidance
2316:
2304:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00046.x
1489:Films about dysfunctional families
1089:"Along for the ride" (a reluctant
898:List of other dysfunctional styles
571:
366:
14:
3689:
2903:
2546:The British Journal of Psychiatry
815:Frequent withholding of consent (
495:Abnormal sexual behavior such as
34:This article has multiple issues.
2854:Healing the Shame That Binds You
2702:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x
2081:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x
1885:10.1111/j.1756-2589.2011.00087.x
1845:from the original on 2019-03-28.
457:
218:
116:
64:
23:
2876:Beth Polson and Miller Newton,
2772:
2725:
2676:
2645:
2606:
2575:
2532:
2491:
2440:
2422:
2403:
2366:
2329:
2310:
2279:
2228:
2189:
2142:
2103:
2054:
2043:from the original on 2018-03-24
2019:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1924:
677:for minor misdeeds or accidents
548:
127:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3435:Genealogical numbering systems
2870:Stephanie Donaldson-Pressman,
2689:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
2167:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113221
2069:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
1860:
1849:
1827:
1762:
1712:
1662:
1634:
641:"You can't do anything right!"
327:, and may also be affected by
1:
3574:International Day of Families
3234:Australian Aboriginal kinship
2670:10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30295-5
1591:
1462:others or even demonstrating
804:given either no or excessive
2813:k, 22 (3) pp. 201–209,
2518:10.1080/01926187.2011.649110
2001:Paediatrics and Child Health
1985:Polson and Newton, pp. 85–86
1976:Polson and Newton, pp. 86–90
1961:Polson and Newton, pp. 81–84
1813:. Diane Publishing Company.
1524:Alcoholism in family systems
1143:
1133:MĂĽnchausen syndrome by proxy
937:-like (harsh and inflexible
566:
555:Adult Children of Alcoholics
7:
2683:Reed, J (12 October 2005).
2613:Shelton, Katherine (2015).
2387:10.1007/978-1-4613-9808-0_6
2350:10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6_7
1506:
1191:
752:than on established rules (
668:"Do as I say, not as I do."
346:
241:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3694:
2937:
2825:https://adultchildren.org/
2061:Maniglio, Roberto (2010).
2013:10.1016/j.paed.2015.12.007
1580:Psychological manipulation
1471:, or becoming a parent of
1163:intergenerational conflict
845:or "something important".)
466:Abnormally high levels of
3599:
3535:National Grandparents Day
3500:
3459:
3327:
3219:
3179:
3122:
3087:
3052:
2988:
2945:
2797:10.1080/13642539908400813
2032:The Sydney Morning Herald
1225:): a child who becomes a
786:(knowingly or recklessly
680:Judgmental statements or
2631:10.1176/ps.2009.60.4.465
2235:SepĂşlveda, Rosa (2020).
2149:Zilberman, Noem (2020).
1997:"Children's Attachments"
1839:Raising Children Network
580:Unrealistic expectations
427:between family members.)
3627:Sociology of the family
3477:Philia (brotherly love)
3053:Second-degree relatives
2866:Bradshaw On: The Family
2750:10.1023/A:1021963531607
2582:Kellogg, Nancy (1999).
2498:McNeil, Sharde (2013).
2466:10.3390/ijerph191710866
2410:Sterling, John (2008).
2254:10.3390/children7110225
2214:10.1108/YC-10-2018-0870
2196:Roberts, James (2019).
1352:to drugs or developing
945:, or develop their own
903:"Using" (destructively
717:, or other addictions.)
93:less pertinent examples
3482:Storge (familial love)
3088:Third-degree relatives
2990:First-degree relatives
2779:Walker, Moira (2007).
2336:Flett, Gordon (1995).
2286:Rogosch, Fred (1994).
2128:10.1542/peds.111.3.564
1995:Rees, Corrine (2016).
1809:Neuharth, Dan (1999).
1648:. Wiley-Interscience.
1554:Karpman Drama Triangle
1519:Abnormality (behavior)
921:abuse their children.)
713:, alcohol/drug abuse,
697:constructive criticism
610:Social dysfunction or
529:substance use disorder
409:Inadequate or missing
357:dysfunctional behavior
300:
151:"Dysfunctional family"
3591:National Adoption Day
3467:Agape (parental love)
2652:Beal, Edward (1997).
2560:10.1192/bjp.179.6.482
2373:Conger, Rand (1981).
2110:Dube, Shanta (2003).
1559:Multisystemic therapy
1396:personality disorders
1377:binge eating disorder
1358:behavioral addictions
1293:: the inconspicuous,
1011:"Peace at any price."
962:by withholding love,
795:learning disabilities
699:is the most healthy.)
384:, understanding, and
298:
3647:Dysfunctional family
3632:Museum of Motherhood
3579:National Family Week
3445:Quarters of nobility
2894:Charles L. Whitfield
2732:Ary, Dennis (1999).
2619:Psychiatric Services
2447:Xiuyun, Lin (2022).
2381:. pp. 199–242.
2344:. pp. 137–167.
1544:Harry Stack Sullivan
1431:juvenile delinquency
1392:social apprehensions
1233:outside the family (
1036:Public image manager
1022:Helicopter parenting
905:narcissistic parents
861:Dysfunctional styles
848:Disagreements about
772:personality disorder
722:"We'll do it later."
404:elephant in the room
305:dysfunctional family
247:create a new article
239:improve this article
136:improve this article
3617:Wedding anniversary
3569:American Family Day
3525:Father–Daughter Day
3472:Eros (marital love)
3221:Kinship terminology
2155:Psychiatry Research
1642:Kaslow, Florence W.
1570:Parental alienation
1565:Narcissistic parent
1370:compulsive spending
1324:Effects on children
1217:(also known as the
1205:The six basic roles
866:"Children as pawns"
89:improve the article
3377:collateral descent
2292:Social Development
1772:The Abusing Family
1549:Identified patient
1514:Rotten kid theorem
1483:In popular culture
1415:social interaction
1336:issues, including
1161:Parents vs. kids (
1127:Identified patient
850:nature and nurture
443:sexual orientation
339:a child to assume
301:
3668:Family disruption
3655:
3654:
3455:
3454:
3372:Lineal descendant
3342:Bilateral descent
3095:Great-grandparent
2980:Matrifocal family
2806:References Cont.
2396:978-1-4613-9810-3
2359:978-1-4899-0229-0
1733:978-3-642-31709-5
1683:978-3-642-31709-5
1529:Domestic violence
1137:seeking attention
1107:Cinderella effect
1059:false accusations
978:, encouragement,
686:"You are a liar!"
540:Specific examples
531:or who engage in
359:, either through
293:
292:
285:
275:
274:
267:
249:, as appropriate.
212:
211:
204:
186:
110:
109:
57:
3685:
3637:Astronaut family
3408:
3407:
3309:Iroquois kinship
3299:Sudanese kinship
3294:Hawaiian kinship
3269:Family of choice
3100:Great-grandchild
2975:Immediate family
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2801:
2800:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2704:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2594:(134): 293–303.
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:Medicine science
2317:Erndic, Ozturk.
2314:
2308:
2307:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1864:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1806:
1787:
1786:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1644:(January 1996).
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1601:
1575:Parenting styles
1360:in the forms of
1252:: the child who
623:Being under- or
587:Conditional love
545:belief systems.
372:Nearly universal
288:
281:
270:
263:
259:
256:
250:
222:
221:
214:
207:
200:
196:
193:
187:
185:
144:
120:
112:
105:
102:
96:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3595:
3496:
3451:
3440:Seize quartiers
3406:
3347:Common ancestor
3331:
3323:
3289:Chinese kinship
3284:Nurture kinship
3274:Fictive kinship
3215:
3175:
3164:daughter-in-law
3118:
3083:
3048:
2984:
2970:Conjugal family
2965:Extended family
2941:
2936:
2906:
2864:John Bradshaw,
2858:John Bradshaw,
2832:
2830:Further reading
2804:
2777:
2773:
2730:
2726:
2681:
2677:
2650:
2646:
2611:
2607:
2580:
2576:
2537:
2533:
2496:
2492:
2445:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2334:
2330:
2315:
2311:
2284:
2280:
2233:
2229:
2202:Young Consumers
2194:
2190:
2147:
2143:
2108:
2104:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2025:
2024:
2020:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1807:
1790:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1747:
1746:
1734:
1717:
1713:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1639:
1635:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1509:
1485:
1408:procrastinating
1404:self-discipline
1326:
1207:
1194:
1146:
1053:accompanied by
1024:" (parents who
1007:temper tantrums
966:, necessities,
900:
868:
863:
833:Either being a
768:substance abuse
651:"Shame on you!"
634:"I don't care!"
625:over-protective
574:
572:Unhealthy signs
569:
551:
542:
460:
439:gender identity
374:
369:
367:Common features
349:
329:substance abuse
289:
278:
277:
276:
271:
260:
254:
251:
236:
223:
219:
208:
197:
191:
188:
145:
143:
133:
121:
106:
100:
97:
86:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3545:Children's Day
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3422:
3420:Pedigree chart
3416:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Patrilineality
3384:
3382:Matrilineality
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Eskimo kinship
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3154:Sibling-in-law
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Nuclear family
2957:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2905:
2904:External links
2902:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2888:978-0877956334
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2847:
2831:
2828:
2803:
2802:
2791:(3): 281–296.
2771:
2744:(2): 141–150.
2724:
2695:(5): 330–350.
2675:
2664:(3): 579–591.
2644:
2625:(4): 465–472.
2605:
2574:
2553:(6): 482–494.
2531:
2512:(2): 110–120.
2490:
2439:
2436:on 2010-01-31.
2421:
2402:
2395:
2365:
2358:
2328:
2309:
2298:(3): 291–308.
2278:
2227:
2208:(3): 208–218.
2188:
2141:
2122:(3): 564–572.
2102:
2053:
2039:. 2010-09-21.
2018:
2007:(5): 185–193.
1987:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1948:978-0877956334
1947:
1933:Newton, Miller
1931:Polson, Beth;
1923:
1908:
1879:(2): 124–139.
1859:
1848:
1841:. 2011-04-10.
1826:
1820:978-0788193835
1819:
1788:
1782:978-0306434419
1781:
1761:
1732:
1711:
1682:
1661:
1655:978-0471080787
1654:
1633:
1616:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Family therapy
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1238:
1206:
1203:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1174:
1167:generation gap
1159:
1156:
1153:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1124:
1113:
1110:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:egalitarianism
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1043:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1014:
1000:
990:
983:
953:
950:
928:
922:
908:
899:
896:
888:shared custody
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
857:
846:
831:
827:
820:
813:
798:
791:
781:
778:
764:
744:based more on
738:
735:
728:
725:
718:
707:
700:
689:
678:
671:
661:
654:
644:
637:
627:
621:
618:
615:
608:
599:
589:
584:
581:
573:
570:
568:
565:
550:
547:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:binge drinking
525:
518:
515:
508:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
481:
475:
459:
456:
455:
454:
428:
421:
418:
407:
397:
373:
370:
368:
365:
348:
345:
333:mental illness
291:
290:
273:
272:
233:of the subject
231:worldwide view
226:
224:
217:
210:
209:
124:
122:
115:
108:
107:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
16:Family dynamic
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3690:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Single parent
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:Relationships
3458:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3402:Royal descent
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:Omaha kinship
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Consanguinity
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
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3149:Parent-in-law
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3124:Family-in-law
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2850:John Bradshaw
2848:
2846:
2845:0-399-14844-2
2842:
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2837:Berkley Books
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2459:(17): 10866.
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2431:
2430:"Child Abuse"
2425:
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1385:
1384:relationships
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1378:
1373:
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1334:mental health
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1242:Problem Child
1239:
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1224:
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1173:dysfunction.)
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1171:culture shock
1168:
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694:
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687:
683:
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676:
672:
669:
665:
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658:tone of voice
655:
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594:; especially
593:
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560:group therapy
556:
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523:
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452:
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444:
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437:, gender (or
436:
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342:
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334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:child neglect
310:
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287:
284:
269:
266:
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255:February 2023
248:
244:
240:
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206:
203:
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184:
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174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153: –
152:
148:
147:Find sources:
141:
137:
131:
130:
125:This article
123:
119:
114:
113:
104:
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90:
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73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
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3540:Parents' Day
3530:Siblings Day
3520:Father's Day
3508:Mother's Day
3492:Polyfidelity
3487:Filial piety
3412:Family trees
3314:Crow kinship
3264:Estrangement
3159:Child-in-law
3079:Niece/Nephew
2897:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2534:
2509:
2505:
2493:
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2442:
2434:the original
2424:
2415:
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2378:
2368:
2341:
2331:
2322:
2312:
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2291:
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2244:
2240:
2230:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2075:(1): 30–41.
2072:
2068:
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1937:
1926:
1918:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1851:
1829:
1810:
1771:
1764:
1726:. Springer.
1721:
1714:
1676:. Springer.
1671:
1664:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1621:. Retrieved
1606:
1599:
1534:Family nexus
1477:
1473:illegitimate
1456:
1448:sex offender
1440:
1428:
1412:
1381:
1374:
1331:
1327:
1312:
1306:Family Clown
1305:
1301:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1268:
1257:
1253:
1250:Truth Teller
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1231:overachiever
1222:
1218:
1215:Golden Child
1214:
1208:
1195:
1147:
1090:
1039:
1026:micro-manage
1010:
985:Abuse among
958:(control or
947:value system
872:manipulation
869:
784:Scapegoating
753:
721:
685:
682:demonization
667:
650:
640:
639:Belittling (
633:
575:
553:The program
552:
549:Laundry List
543:
511:
461:
415:sexual abuse
394:marginalized
375:
350:
304:
302:
279:
261:
252:
228:
198:
189:
179:
172:
165:
158:
146:
134:Please help
129:verification
126:
98:
87:Please help
75:may contain
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3678:Child abuse
3367:Inheritance
3352:Family name
3211:Stepsibling
3105:Great-uncle
3060:Grandparent
2588:Adolescence
2247:(11): 225.
1723:Proceedings
1673:Proceedings
1460:distrusting
1394:, possible
1366:pornography
1317:opportunist
1295:introverted
1291:Passive Kid
1119:, romance,
1017:currently.)
1003:Appeasement
993:Abandonment
980:supervision
956:Deprivation
915:emotionally
824:know-it-all
675:forgiveness
605:intolerance
501:promiscuity
472:controlling
435:birth order
390:appeasement
386:sensitivity
325:codependent
3662:Categories
3612:Only child
3557:Family Day
3430:Ahnentafel
3392:Progenitor
3254:Disownment
3199:stepmother
3194:stepfather
3189:Stepparent
3181:Stepfamily
3169:son-in-law
3109:Great-aunt
3065:Grandchild
2416:Pediatrics
2161:: 113221.
2116:Pediatrics
2047:2012-06-13
1623:20 October
1592:References
1475:children.
1444:pedophilia
1388:peer group
1354:alcoholism
1338:depression
1313:Mastermind
1287:Lost Child
1178:balkanized
939:discipline
843:retirement
817:"blessing"
758:punishment
748:or family
742:discipline
592:Disrespect
484:children.)
474:behaviors.
411:boundaries
337:misleading
192:April 2019
162:newspapers
101:April 2019
81:irrelevant
39:improve it
3673:Parenting
3622:Godparent
3329:Genealogy
3206:Stepchild
2955:Household
2526:143617044
2222:199853490
2183:219559890
1750:cite book
1742:802337663
1700:cite book
1692:802337663
1423:harassing
1390:, due to
1346:self-harm
1280:Caretaker
1270:Scapegoat
1144:Dynamical
1117:pregnancy
976:attention
943:authority
806:authority
732:prejudice
664:Hypocrisy
612:isolation
602:Emotional
567:Parenting
470:or other
353:reinforce
243:talk page
77:excessive
45:talk page
3501:Holidays
3425:Genogram
3362:Heredity
3357:Heirloom
3279:Marriage
3244:Affinity
3239:Adoption
3025:daughter
2766:10140462
2758:10400060
2711:16223421
2639:19339321
2600:10494978
2569:11731348
2485:36078582
2273:33187289
2241:Children
2175:32562935
2136:12612237
2097:35525949
2089:20946202
2041:Archived
1935:(1984).
1903:21731581
1843:Archived
1507:See also
1469:pregnant
1464:paranoid
1452:homeless
1419:bullying
1362:gambling
1350:addicted
1262:acts out
1223:Superkid
1192:Children
1103:adoptive
1091:de facto
1047:paranoid
987:siblings
968:sympathy
931:Dogmatic
919:sexually
854:heredity
810:maturity
802:siblings
774:(s), or
750:politics
746:emotions
715:gambling
673:Lack of
596:contempt
583:Ridicule
497:adultery
468:jealousy
441:), age,
380:Lack of
361:enabling
347:Examples
237:You may
83:examples
3600:Related
3334:lineage
3259:Divorce
3229:Kinship
3142:husband
3037:brother
3032:Sibling
2950:History
2719:5324960
2476:9517877
2264:7696176
1894:3127252
1342:anxiety
1182:Balkans
1121:puberty
997:orphans
964:support
960:neglect
911:Abusing
839:scrooge
788:blaming
740:Faulty
730:Gender
431:Unequal
425:arguing
382:empathy
176:scholar
3642:Incest
3562:Canada
3132:Spouse
3114:Cousin
3042:sister
3008:father
3003:mother
2998:Parent
2939:Family
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1315:: the
1302:Mascot
1199:blamed
1099:foster
1073:Ultra-
972:praise
884:spying
876:gossip
800:Older
776:stress
704:values
693:praise
630:Apathy
522:disown
505:incest
400:Denial
321:normal
309:family
178:
171:
164:
157:
149:
3550:Japan
3070:Uncle
3015:Child
2762:S2CID
2715:S2CID
2522:S2CID
2218:S2CID
2179:S2CID
2093:S2CID
1561:(MST)
1436:crime
1248:, or
1246:Rebel
1101:, or
1055:anger
1045:"The
917:, or
835:miser
830:etc.)
822:The "
647:Shame
503:, or
451:caste
341:blame
317:abuse
307:is a
245:, or
183:JSTOR
169:books
3513:U.S.
3397:Clan
3332:and
3137:wife
3074:Aunt
2884:ISBN
2841:ISBN
2754:PMID
2707:PMID
2635:PMID
2596:PMID
2565:PMID
2481:PMID
2391:ISBN
2354:ISBN
2269:PMID
2171:PMID
2132:PMID
2085:PMID
1943:ISBN
1899:PMID
1815:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1756:link
1738:OCLC
1728:ISBN
1706:link
1688:OCLC
1678:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1625:2019
1612:ISBN
1340:and
1311:The
1300:The
1285:The
1278:The
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1235:e.g.
1219:Hero
1213:The
1176:The
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1057:and
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2793:doi
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