134:"States, which have undergone a change of government due to revolution, the result of which threaten other states, ipso facto cease to be members of the European Alliance, and remain excluded from it until their situation gives guarantees for legal order and stability. If, owing to such alterations, immediate danger threatens other states the powers bind themselves, by peaceful means, or if need be, by arms, to bring back the guilty state into the bosom of the Great Alliance."
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Metternich's failure to convert
Castlereagh to his views was now of secondary importance; the "free" powers being in accord, it was safe to ignore the opinions of Britain and France, whose governments, whatever their goodwill, were fettered by constitutional forms. In a series of conferences - to
115:" of the Emperor Alexander. In a three hours' conversation over a cup of tea at the little inn he had heard the tsar's confession and promise of amendment: "Aujourd'hui je deplore tout ce que j'ai dit et fait entre les annees 1814 et 1818 ... Dites-moi ce que vous voulez de moi. Je le ferai":
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The
Protocol was greeted with dismay in Britain. While the British Government was reluctant to attack it openly, they found it difficult to answer the Opposition's claims that on a literal reading, Russia or Austria were entitled to invade England to oppose her supposed misgovernment of
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which the representatives of
Britain and France were not admitted, on the excuse that they were only empowered to "report," not to "decide" - was drawn up the famous preliminary protocol signed by Austria, Russia and Prussia on 8 November.
108:, too, had given no plenary powers to her representatives, though her policy was less clearly defined. Thus, from the very beginning of the Congress, it was clear that a division between the eastern and western powers was growing.
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No effort was made by the powers to give immediate effect to the principles enunciated in the protocol; and after it was officially announced the conferences were adjourned. It was decided to resume them at the
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The characteristic note of this congress was its intimate and informal nature; the determining fact at the outset was
Metternich's discovery that he had no longer anything to fear from the "
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objected, on principle, to the suggested concerted action against the
Neapolitan Liberals. Therefore, she sent no plenipotentiary, but was represented by
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Today I deplore everything that I have said and done between the years 1814 and 1818 ... Tell me what you want of me. I will do it.
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The
Congress of Vienna and its Legacy: War and Great Power Diplomacy after Napoleon
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Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre
Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance
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Metternich to
Esterhazy, Oct. 24, 1820, F. O. Austria Dom. Sep.-Dec. 1820).
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The main pronouncement of the "Troppau
Protocol" is as follows:
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62:was represented by the crown prince (afterwards
241:. London: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited.
256:Schneider, Karin; Kurz, Stephan, eds. (2018).
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259:Mächtekongresse 1818-1822. Digitale Edition
16:1820 conference of the Quintuple Alliance
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58:of Austria were present in person; King
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42:The Congress met on 20 October 1820 in
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27:to discuss means of suppressing the
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322:Frederick William III of Prussia
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60:Frederick William III of Prussia
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352:Frederick William IV of Prussia
292:1820 in international relations
35:of July 1820, and at which the
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218:Ghervas, Stella (2008).
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23:was a conference of the
210:Encyclopædia Britannica
143:the following January.
342:Klemens von Metternich
237:Jarrett, Mark (2013).
50:at the behest of Tsar
332:Alexander I of Russia
52:Alexander I of Russia
347:Ioannis Kapodistrias
302:November 1820 events
205:Troppau, Congress of
102:Viscount Castlereagh
64:Frederick William IV
307:October 1820 events
141:Congress of Laibach
21:Congress of Troppau
46:(modern Opava) in
25:Quintuple Alliance
269:978-3-9504783-0-3
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281:Categories
181:References
113:Jacobinism
88:Hardenberg
86:by Prince
72:Metternich
70:by Prince
29:revolution
157:Hyde Park
78:by Count
56:Francis I
153:Cossacks
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149:Ireland
94:Britain
84:Prussia
68:Austria
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33:Naples
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163:Notes
264:ISBN
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