3107:
3477:
3081:
that the military had played a large role in operating what were euphemistically called "comfort stations" were found in the library of Japan's Self-Defense Agency. The
Japanese Government admitted that the Imperial Japanese Army had forced tens of thousands of Korean women to have sex with Japanese soldiers during World War II. On January 14, 1992, Japanese Chief Government Spokesman Koichi Kato issued an official apology saying, "We cannot deny that the former Japanese army played a role" in abducting and detaining the "comfort girls," and "We would like to express our apologies and contrition". Three days later on January 17, 1992, at a dinner given by South Korean President Roh Tae Woo, the Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa told his host: "We Japanese should first and foremost recall the truth of that tragic period when Japanese actions inflicted suffering and sorrow upon your people. We should never forget our feelings of remorse over this. As Prime Minister of Japan, I would like to declare anew my remorse at these deeds and tender my apology to the people of the Republic of Korea." He apologized again the following day in a speech before South Korea's National Assembly. On April 28, 1998, the Japanese court ruled that the Government must compensate the women and awarded them
3164:, said that it fails to include the request from the survivals of sexual slavery to state the Japanese government's legal responsibility for the state-level crime of enforcing a system of sexual slavery. The South Korean government did not attempt to collect the viewpoints on the issues from the women most directly affected by it—the survivors themselves. Concerning the deal between two countries, literally, Seoul and Tokyo failed to reach a breakthrough on the comfort women issue during the 11th round of Foreign Ministry director-general level talks on December 15, 2015. Several comfort women protested the agreement as they claim they did not want money, but to see a sincere acknowledgement of the legal responsibility by the Japanese government. The co-representative of a support group of the surviving women expressed that the settlement with Japan does not reflect the will of the comfort women, and they vowed to seek its invalidation by reviewing legal options.
2733:, when Japanese sailors ran amok and simply killed everyone, there were cases of comfort women being killed, though there does not seem to have been any systematic policy of killing comfort women. The Japanese government had told the Japanese colonists on Saipan that the Americans were cannibals, and so the Japanese population preferred suicide to falling into the hands of the Americans. It is possible that many of the Asian comfort women may also have believed this. British soldiers fighting in Burma often reported that the Korean comfort women whom they captured were astonished to learn that the British were not going to eat them. Ironically, given this claim, there were cases of starving Japanese troops cut off on remote Pacific islands or trapped in the jungles of Burma turning towards cannibalism, and there were at least several cases where comfort women in Burma and on Pacific islands were killed to provide food for the Imperial Japanese Army.
3077:, stating "As Prime Minister of Japan, I thus extend anew my most sincere apologies and remorse to all the women who underwent immeasurable and painful experiences and suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds as comfort women." Many former Korean comfort women rejected the compensations on principle – although the Asian Women's Fund was set up by the Japanese government, its money came not from the government but from private donations, hence the compensation was not "official". Eventually, 61 former Korean comfort women accepted 5 million yen (approx. $ 42,000) per person from the AWF along with the signed apology, while 142 others received funds from the government of Korea. The fund was dissolved on March 31, 2007. However, the establishment of the AWF was criticized as a way for the Japanese government to evade state responsibility; the establishment of the fund also prompted protests from various Asian countries.
2741:, stated in a 1991 interview about how she was drafted into the "comfort women corps" in 1941: "When I was 17 years old, the Japanese soldiers came along in a truck, beat us , and then dragged us into the back. I was told if I were drafted, I could earn lots of money in a textile factory ... The first day I was raped and the rapes never stopped ... I was born a woman but never lived as a woman ... I feel sick when I come close to a man. Not just Japanese men, but all men-even my own husband who saved me from the brothel. I shiver whenever I see a Japanese flag ... Why should I feel ashamed? I don't have to feel ashamed." Kim stated that she was raped 30–40 times a day, every day of the year during her time as a "comfort woman". Reflecting their dehumanized status, Army and Navy records where referring to the movement of comfort women always used the term "units of war supplies".
3849:(Free grandmothers) took legal actions against Japan. These groups also ask the Philippine government to back their claims against the Japanese government. These groups have taken legal actions against Japan. Malaya Lolas had attempted to go to Tokyo to file a suit in the Japanese courts. Still, according to the Japanese government, the lolas themselves could not file a lawsuit due to international law stating that the lolas need to be represented by the Philippine government. In 2004 the Malaya Lolas filed a cause, Vinuya et al. v. Executive Secretary et al., asking for the support of the Philippine government in pursuing a petition for compensation in the Japanese courts. A decision was made on April 28, 2010, supporting the Philippine government. As of August 2014, after failing in legal action against their own government to back their claims, they planned to take the case the UN
2646:, a historian of Korea, wrote that Japan had forced quotas to supply the comfort women program and that Korean men helped recruit the victims. Cumings stated that between 100,000 and 200,000 Korean girls and women were recruited. In Korea, the daughters of the gentry and the bureaucracy were spared from being sent into the "comfort women corps" unless they or their families showed signs of pro-independence tendencies, and the overwhelming majority of the Korean girls taken into the "comfort women corps" came from the poor. The Army and Navy often subcontracted the work of taking girls into the "comfort women corps" in Korea to contractors, who were usually associated in some way with organized crime groups that were paid for girls they presented. Though a substantial minority of the contractors in Korea were Japanese, the majority were Korean.
2661:, of Scottish ancestry, wrote a book describing her ordeal. A Dutch government study described the methods used by the Japanese military to seize the women by force. It concluded that among the 200 to 300 European women found in the Japanese military brothels, "some sixty five were most certainly forced into prostitution". Others, faced with starvation in the refugee camps, agreed to offers of food and payment for work, the nature of which was not completely revealed to them. Some of the women also volunteered in hopes protecting the younger ones. The women forced into prostitution may therefore be much higher than the Dutch record have previously indicated. The number of Dutch women that were sexually assaulted or molested were also largely ignored. It was not until individuals and groups such as the
2565:
3437:
donations. The victims accused Shin Hye-Soo, head of the Korean
Council at the time, and Song Hyun-Seob, Head of the House of Sharing, of using the women's past experiences in videos and leaflets without their permission to solicit donations and then keeping the money instead of using it to help the victims. The complaint further stated that a significant number of victims did not receive compensation through the citizen-funded Asian Women's Fund established in 1995 by Japan due to the opposition from the organizations in 1998. In addition, they accused the institutions of recruiting six former comfort women survivors from China and paying them to get them to partake in weekly rallies. The complaint was dismissed by the court in May 2005.
3428:. The public response and criticism that ensued pushed the newspaper to nominate a third-party investigative committee headed by seven leading scholars, journalists and legal experts. The committee report dealt with the circumstances leading to the publication of Yoshida's false testimony and to the effect these publications had on Japan's image abroad and diplomatic relations with various countries. It found that the Asahi was negligent in publishing Yoshida's testimony, but that the reports on the testimony had "limited" effect on foreign media outlets and reports. On the other hand, the report found that Japanese officials' comments on the issue had a far more detrimental effect on Japan's image and its diplomatic relations.
5630:"Between the announcement of a ceasefire on August 15, 1945, and the arrival of small advance parties of American troops in Japan on August 28, Japanese military and civil authorities systematically destroyed military, naval, and government archives, much of which was from the period 1942–1945. Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo dispatched enciphered messages to field commands throughout the Pacific and East Asia ordering units to burn incriminating evidence of war crimes, especially offenses against prisoners of war. The director of Japan's Military History Archives of the National Institute for Defense Studies estimated in 2003 that as much as 70 percent of the army's wartime records were burned or otherwise destroyed.",
2592:
534:
47:
2745:
household chores during the day and being sexually abused at night was also recounted by another
Filipino Survivor Fedencia David, who was kidnapped by Japanese soldiers at age 14, who also remembered being forced to wash clothes and cook for the Japanese soldiers. At night David was raped by as many as 5 to 10 Japanese soldiers. Along with being raped multiple times a day the women were subjected to separation from their families, often watching their families being murdered by Japanese soldiers. One survivor recounts that when the Japanese soldiers took her, "soldiers began to skin her father alive." This maltreatment left physical and emotional scars.
2749:
forced to donate blood for the treatment of wounded soldiers. At least 80% of the comfort women were Korean, who were assigned to the lower ranks, while
Japanese and European women went to the officers. For example, Dutch women captured in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia) were reserved exclusively for the officers. Korea is a Confucian country where premarital sex was widely disapproved of, and since the Korean teenagers taken into the "comfort women corps" were almost always virgins, it was felt that this was the best way to limit the spread of venereal diseases that would otherwise incapacitate soldiers and sailors.
3639:(TWRF) a non-profit organization helping women against violence, and sexual violence. This organization gives legal and psychological support to Taiwanese comfort women, and also helps in the recording of testimony and doing scholarly research. In 2007, this organization was responsible for promoting awareness in society, by creating meetings in universities and high schools where survivors gave their testimonies to students and the general public. TWRF has produced exhibitions that give survivors the opportunity to be heard in Taipei, and also in the Women's Active Museum on War and Peace, based in
3489:
need to be represented by the
Philippine government. The lolas filed a case in the Philippine courts, Vinuya et al. v. Executive Secretary et al. The case was directed at the Executive Secretary at the time, Alberto G. Romulo and the main plaintiff was the leader of Malaya Lolas, Isabelita Vinuya. The lolas filed this case to get the Philippine government to support them in pursuing a petition for compensation in the Japanese courts. The Philippine government won the case with the court stating that the Philippine government "is not under any international obligation to espouse petitioners' claims."
3509:
their people using internationally accepted historical facts about the crime while refuting any claims that deny the crime. In July 2012, then
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, a strong advocate of the cause, denounced the use of the euphemism 'comfort women' for what should be referred to as 'enforced sex slaves'. The Obama Administration also addressed the need for Japan to do more to address the issue. In addition to calling attention to the issue, the American memorial statues erected in New Jersey in 2010 and California in 2013 show support for what has become an international cause.
3183:
announced it would not seek to renew the 2015 agreement, but that it wanted Japan to do more to settle the issue. Moon said: "A real settlement would come if the victims can forgive, after Japan makes a sincere apology and takes other actions". In March 2018, the
Japanese government argued that the 2015 Japan-South Korea agreement confirmed that this issue was finally and irreversibly resolved and lodged a strong protest to South Korea through diplomatic channels, stating that "such a statement goes against the agreement and is therefore completely unacceptable and extremely regrettable".
3248:
the victims. Kono's apology was meticulous in distinguishing the actions of the
Japanese army from those of the Japanese government, ensuring that the Japanese government bore no legal liability or responsibility for its treatment of the comfort women. Also, many victims viewed the apology as insufficient because it was delivered by the Cabinent Secretary of Japan and never officially adopted by the Japanese Parliament. Subsequent apologies were also criticized as insincere because they were delivered by the current prime minister of Japan rather than the
5613:"When it became apparent that Japan would be forced to surrender, an organized effort was made to burn or otherwise destroy all documents and other evidence of ill-treatment of prisoners of war and civilian internees. The Japanese Minister of War issued an order on 14 August 1945 to all Army headquarters that confidential documents should be destroyed by fire immediately. On the same day, the Commandant of the Kempetai sent out instructions to the various Kempetai Headquarters detailing the methods of burning large quantities of documents efficiently.",
4051:
3857:
18921:
180:
The first victims were
Japanese women, some who were recruited by conventional means, and some who were recruited through deception or kidnapping. The military later turned to women in Japanese colonies, due to lack of Japanese volunteers and the need to protect Japan's image. In many cases, women were lured by false job openings for nurses and factory workers. Others were also lured by the promises of equity and sponsorship for higher education. A significant percentage of comfort women were minors.
4884:" Pak (her surname) was about 17, living in Hamun, Korea, when local Korean officials, acting on orders from the Japanese, began recruiting women for factory work. Someone from Pak's house had to go. In April 1942, Korean officials turned Pak and other young women over to the Japanese, who took them into China, not into factories. Pak's history is not unusual. A majority of the women who provided sex for Japanese soldiers were forcibly taken from their families, or were recruited deceptively",
2302:
civilians." To staff the establishments, Japanese prostitutes were imported from Japan. Japanese women were the first victims to be enslaved in military brothels and trafficked across Japan, Okinawa, Japan's colonies and occupied territories, and overseas battlegrounds. According to
Yoshiaki Yoshimi, comfort stations were established to avoid criticism from China, the United States of America and Europe following the case of massive rapes between battles in Shanghai and Nanjing.
462:
2322:, and China. These sources soon dried up, especially in metropolitan Japan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs resisted further issuance of travel visas for Japanese prostitutes, feeling it tarnished the image of the Japanese Empire. The military turned to acquiring comfort women outside mainland Japan, mostly from Korea and from occupied China. An existing system of licensed prostitution within Korea made it easy for Japan to recruit women in large numbers.
10661:"H.Res.121 - A resolution expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of Japan should formally acknowledge, apologize, and accept historical responsibility in a clear and unequivocal manner for its Imperial Armed Forces' coercion of young women into sexual slavery, known to the world as comfort women, during its colonial and wartime occupation of Asia and the Pacific Islands from the 1930s through the duration of World War II"
3187:
transparency or was deficient in recognizing 'legal responsibility' and on the nature of the one billion yen provided by the Japanese government". However, "an examination of the process and content leading up to the agreement cannot be seen as discharging the plaintiffs' right to claim damages." An attorney for the survivors said they would be appealing the decision on the basis that it recognizes the lawfulness of the 2015 Japan-South Korean agreement.
3616:
19297:
3784:
2462:
comfort women difficult. Vast amounts of material pertaining to war crimes, and the responsibility of the nation's highest leaders, were either destroyed or concealed on the orders of the Japanese government at the end of the war. Historians have arrived at various estimates by looking at surviving documentation, which indicates the ratio of soldiers in a particular area to the number of women and replacement rates of the women.
3776:
2803:
deep shame that I still feel in the pit of my stomach – it's like a hard, heavy, sick feeling that never entirely goes away. They saw not just my completely helpless, naked body, but they heard me beg, and cry. They reduced me to something low and disgusting that suffered miserably in front of them … Even years later, it has taken tremendous courage for me to put these words on the page, so deep is the cultural shame …
2657:, Japanese soldiers raped many Indonesian and European women and girls. The Kenpeitai established the comfort women program to control the problem. The Kenpeitai forced and coerced many interned women to serve as prostitutes, including several hundred European women. A few of these chose to live in the homes of Japanese officers to serve one man as a sex slave rather than many men in a brothel. One such European woman,
451:
2619:. Chuo University professor and historian Yoshiaki Yoshimi discovered an abundance of documentation and testimony proving the existence of 2,000 comfort women stations where approximately 200,000 Korean, Filipina, Taiwanese, Indonesian, Burmese, Dutch, Australian, and Japanese women, many of whom were teenagers, were confined and forced to perform sexual activities with Japanese troops. According to Qiu Peipei of
2753:
3171:, reiterating the official and final agreement between Japan and South Korea to pay ¥1 billion. Sugiyama also restated the Japanese Government apology of that agreement: "The issue of comfort women, with an involvement of the Japanese military authorities at that time, was a grave affront to the honor and dignity of large numbers of women, and the Government of Japan is painfully aware of responsibilities."
3767:, Dai Sil Kim-Gibson, made a comfort women video archive, a documentary film for K–12 through college level students. Feminist visual and video archives have promoted a place for solidarity between the victims and the public. It has served as a living site for the teaching and learning of women's dignity and human rights by bringing people together despite age, gender, borders, nationality, and ideologies.
8897:
2881:
submarines sank one Japanese ship after another, condoms had to be washed and reused, reducing their effectiveness. Comfort women themselves and local laborers were required to wash and recycle the used condoms. In the Philippines, comfort women were billed by Japanese doctors if they required medical treatment. In many cases, comfort women who were seriously ill were abandoned to die alone.
2437:(now Northeast China), which are housed at the Jilin Archives in China. The operations of the Japanese Military Police, who were in charge of overseeing the "comfort stations" in various parts of China and Java, were the subject of these records. Su concluded that the sources revealed that comfort women stations were ordered, supported, and managed by the Japanese military authorities.
2795:, in West Java, where they were reunited with their families. This camp was exclusively for women who had been put into military brothels, and the Japanese warned the inmates that if anyone told what had happened to them, they and their family members would be killed. Several months later the O'Hernes were transferred to a camp at Batavia, which was liberated on August 15, 1945.
3065:
victims, but South Korea insisted that Japan simply give the South Korean government financial aid instead. In the final agreement reached in the 1965 treaty, Japan provided an $ 800 million aid and low-interest loan package over 10 years. South Korean government "spent most of the money on economic development, focusing on infrastructure and the promotion of heavy industry".
3134:
hold the position that issues relating to property and claims between Japan and the ROK, including the issue of comfort women, had been settled completely and finally by the Japan-ROK Claims Settlement and Economic Cooperation Agreement of 1965 and welcomed the fact that the issue of comfort women is resolved "finally and irreversibly" with this agreement. Japan agreed to pay
2935:, in 1973. Nonetheless, the book did not garner widespread publicity, and his book has been widely criticized as distorting the facts by both Japanese and South Korean historians. In any event, this book did become an important source for 1990s activism on the issue. The first book written by a Korean on the subject of comfort women appeared in 1981. However, it was a
2631:, estimated the number of women working in the licensed pleasure quarter was fewer than 20,000 and that they were 40% Japanese, 20% Koreans, 10% Chinese, with others making up the remaining 30%. According to Hata, the total number of government-regulated prostitutes in Japan was only 170,000 during World War II. Others came from the Philippines, Taiwan, the
8889:
3200:
7439:
2326:
Interrogation Center (SEATIC) Psychological Warfare Interrogation Bulletin No.2 states that a Japanese facility-manager purchased Korean women for 300 to 1000 yen depending on their physical characteristics, who then became his property and were not released even after completing the servitude terms specified in the contract. In northern
9751:"However, the second night's programming on January 30 was heavily censored through deletion, interpolations, alterations, dismemberment and even fabrication. This segment was originally supposed to cover the 'Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery' that had been held in Tokyo in December 2000."
3175:
themselves. The suit claimed the 2015 deal violated a 2011 Constitutional Court ruling that the South Korean government must "offer its cooperation and protection so that citizens whose human dignity and values have been violated through illegal actions perpetrated by Japan can invoke their rights to demand damages from Japan."
2786:
jugun ianfu, and how these women were forcibly seized against their will, to provide sexual services for the Japanese Imperial Army. In the "comfort station" I was systematically beaten and raped day and night. Even the Japanese doctor raped me each time he visited the brothel to examine us for venereal disease.
4758:, p. 206 "Although Ianfu came from all regions or countries annexed or occupied by Japan before 1945, most of them were Chinese or Korean. Researchers at the Research Center of the Chinese Comfort Women Issue of Shanghai Normal University estimate that the total number of comfort women at 360,000 to 410,000."
3712:
On December 28, 2015, the Japanese government claimed that the Korean government agreed the removal of the statue. As of September 3, 2016, the statue was still in place due to a majority of the South Korean population being opposed to the agreement. On December 30, 2016, another comfort woman statue
3538:
met with seven former comfort women in South Korea. Also in 2014, the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination called for Japan to, as the committee's deputy head Anastasia Crickley put it, "conclude investigations into the violations of the rights of 'comfort women' by the military
3377:
The Japanese government, and the mayor of Osaka, demanded the removal of comfort women monuments located in other countries, blatantly denying that women were coerced into sexual slavery during World War II. They have demanded the removal of comfort women statues in Palisades Park, New Jersey, United
3309:
was heavily edited to reflect revisionist views. In 2014, the new president of NHK compared the wartime Japanese comfort women program to Asian brothels frequented by American troops, which western historians countered by pointing out the difference between the Japanese comfort stations, which forced
3159:
in Seoul, and later Prime Minister Shinzo Abe phoned President Park Geun-hye to repeat an apology already offered by Kishida. The Korean government will administer the fund for the forty-six remaining elderly comfort women and will consider the matter "finally and irreversibly resolved". However, one
3133:
formally agreed to settle the dispute. Abe again expressed his most sincere apologies and remorse to all the women. He acknowledged that they had undergone immeasurable and painful experiences and suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds as comfort women. He stated that Japan continued to
3068:
Initially, the Japanese government denied any involvement in the comfort women system, until Yoshimi Yoshiaki discovered and published documents from the Japanese Self-Defense Agency's library that suggested direct military involvement. In 1994, under public pressure, the Japanese government admitted
3033:
formed a team to reexamine the background of the report. The review brought to light coordination between Japan and South Korea in the process of composing the Kono Statement and concluded that, at the request of Seoul, Tokyo stipulated coercion was involved in recruiting the women. After the review,
3028:
made known his desire to remove references to comfort women from history textbooks, and textbooks approved in 2005 contained no mentions of comfort women at all. In 2007, the Japanese government issued a response to questions which had been posed to Prime Minister Abe about his position on the issue,
2896:
forces captured twenty Korean comfort women and two Japanese comfort station owners in Burma and issued a report, Japanese Prisoner of War Interrogation Report 49. According to the report, Korean women were deceived into being used as comfort women by the Japanese; in 1942, there were about 800 women
2465:
Most academic researchers and media typically point to Yoshiaki's estimate as the most probable range of the numbers of women involved. This figure contrasts with the inscriptions on monuments in the United States such as those in New Jersey, New York, Virginia, and California, which state the number
2461:
Professor Su Jiliang concludes that during the seven-year period from 1938 to 1945, comfort women in the territory occupied by the Japanese numbered 360,000 to 410,000, among whom the Chinese were the largest group, about 200,000. Lack of official documentation has made estimating the total number of
2346:
Under the strain of the war effort, the military became unable to provide enough supplies to Japanese units; in response, the units made up the difference by demanding or looting supplies from the locals. The military often directly demanded that local leaders procure women for the brothels along the
3920:
In 2019, a similar memorial statue in a Catholic-run shelter for the elderly and the homeless in San Pedro, Laguna was removed only two days after it was unveiled to the public. The bronze statue of a young woman with fists resting on her lap was removed without explanation and notice. The move came
3448:
Among the charges, Yoon was indicted for is a count of quasi-fraud against Gil Won-ok, a 92-year-old survivor. The prosecution said Gil suffers from dementia and that Yoon had exploited her reduced physical and mental capacities and pressed her to donate a total of 79.2 million won ($ 67,102) to the
3440:
Again, in May 2020, Lee Yong-Soo, a comfort woman survivor and longtime activist for the victims, held a press conference and accused the Korean Council and its former head, Yoon Mee-hyang, of exploiting her and other survivors, politically and financially for decades, to obtain government funds and
3333:
initially maintained that "there is no evidence that people called comfort women were taken away by violence or threat by the military". He later modified his position, asserting that they became comfort women "against their will by any circumstances around them", still justifying their role during
3218:
On June 25, 2021, the Japanese government announced that Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga stands by statements made by past administrations apologizing for Japan's aggression in World War II and admitting the military had a role in coercing comfort women, "largely from the Korean Peninsula", to work in
3064:
In 1951, at the start of negotiations, the South Korean government initially demanded $ 364 million in compensation for Koreans forced into labor and military service during the Japanese occupation: $ 200 per survivor, $ 1,650 per death and $ 2,000 per injured person. Japan offered to compensate the
3023:
All of this has since triggered a counterreaction from Japanese right-wing forces since the mid-1990's, with disputes over history textbooks being a common example. In 1999, the Japanese historian Kazuko Watanabe complained about a lack of sisterhood among Japanese women, citing a survey showing 50%
2954:
ordered a number of deletions in history textbooks related to Japanese wartime aggression and atrocities. This ignited protest from neighbouring countries such as China and also sparked interest in the subject among some Japanese, including a number of wartime veterans who began to speak more openly
2865:
The Japanese Army and Navy went to great lengths to avoid venereal diseases with large numbers of condoms being handed out for free. Japanese soldiers were required to use these "Attack No. 1"-branded condoms during sex. For example, documents show that in July 1943 the Army handed out 1,000 condoms
2715:
Sufficient food, water, proper housing, toilets, and washing facilities were not provided to the women, and the extent of medical care was restricted to treating sexually transmitted diseases, sterilization, and terminating pregnancies. Torture was used against women who attempted to flee or refused
2672:
Besides Dutch women, many Javanese were also recruited from Indonesia as comfort women, including around 1000 East Timorese women and girls who also used as sexual slaves. Most were adolescent girls aged 14–19 who had completed some education and were deceived through promises of higher education in
2342:
used comfort women, since there had been no investigation for it. Lebra wrote "None of those who have written on Bose's Indian national army has investigated whether, while they were trained by the Japanese army, they were permitted to share in the 'comfort' provided by thousands of kidnapped Korean
3664:. The statue symbolizes women forced to work in wartime brothels for the Japanese military. The bronze statue portrays a girl raising both hands to the sky to express her helpless resistance to suppression and silent protest, according to its creator. In September 2018, Japanese right-wing activist
3444:
Consequently, a civic group filed a complaint against Yoon Mee-hyang, a lawmaker-elect and former head of the Korean Council for Justice and Remembrance for the Issues of Military Sexual Slavery by Japan. After an investigation, the Seoul Western District Prosecutors' Office indicted Yoon, on eight
3247:
Apologies from Japanese officials have faced scrutiny for their lack of sincerity. For instance, in the Kono Statement, while acknowledging the Japanese military's role in the comfort women system, officials denied coercion and forced transportation of women, and declined to provide compensation to
3182:
called the 2015 agreement "undeniable" and said that it "finally and irreversibly" was an official agreement between the two countries; however, when referring to aspects of the agreement he found flawed, he said: "A knot wrongly tied should be untied." These remarks came a day after the government
3091:
In 2007, the surviving women wanted an apology from the Japanese government. Shinzō Abe, the prime minister at the time, stated on March 1, 2007, that there was no evidence that the Japanese government had kept sex slaves, even though the Japanese government had already admitted the use of coercion
2970:
was translated into Korean. His book was debunked as fraudulent by some Japanese and Korean journalists, and in May 1996 Yoshida admitted that his memoir was fictional, stating in an interview by Shūkan Shinchō that "There is no profit in writing the truth in books. Hiding the facts and mixing them
2821:
The Japanese officers involved received some punishment by Japanese authorities at the end of the war. After the end of the war, 11 Japanese officers were found guilty, with one soldier being sentenced to death by the Batavia War Criminal Court. The court decision found that the charge violated was
2790:
In their first morning at the brothel, photographs of Ruff-O'Herne and the others were taken and placed on the veranda which was used as a reception area for the Japanese personnel who would choose from these photographs. Over the following four months the girls were raped and beaten day and night,
2425:
in which the Chinese government agreed not to seek any restitution for wartime crimes and incidents. New documents discovered in China shed light on facilities inside comfort stations operated within a Japanese army compound, and the conditions of the Korean comfort women. Documents were discovered
2273:
and prevent military revolt. He said that, despite the goal of reducing rape and venereal disease, the comfort stations did the opposite—aggravating rape and increasing the spread of venereal disease. Comfort women stations were so prevalent that the Imperial Army offered accountancy classes on how
3488:
Members of the group Malaya Lolas in the Philippines have attempted to go to Tokyo to file a suit in the Japanese courts. The lolas were unable to file the lawsuit because according to the Japanese government the lolas could not file a lawsuit due to international law stating that the Malaya Lolas
3080:
Three South Korean women filed suit in Japan in December 1991, around the time of the 50th anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack, demanding compensation for forced prostitution. In 1992, documents which had been stored since 1958 when they were returned by United States troops and which indicated
2908:
is considered shameful, the subject of the comfort women was ignored for decades after 1945 as the victims were considered pariahs. In Confucian cultures, traditionally an unmarried woman must value her chastity above her own life, and any women who loses her virginity before marriage for whatever
2880:
As the war went on and as the shortages caused by the sinking of almost the entire Japanese merchant marine by American submarines kicked in, medical care for the comfort women declined as dwindling medical supplies were reserved for the servicemen. As Japanese logistics broke down as the American
2744:
In the Philippines according to the recounts of Filipino survivors Narcisa Claveria, who was enslaved for 18 months at the age of 13, during the day the women were forced to cook, clean, and do laundry. At night the Japanese soldiers raped and abused the women. The story of the comfort women doing
2719:
Since comfort women were forced to travel to the battlefields with the Japanese Imperial Army, many comfort women perished as Allied forces overwhelmed Japan's Pacific defense and annihilated Japanese encampments. In certain cases, the Japanese military executed Korean comfort women when they fled
2649:
In the Philippines during the Japanese occupation, around 1,000 Filipino women were made into comfort women. The victims were as young as 12 years old at the time of their enslavement. As many of the survivors recall, the garrisons or comfort stations/brothels were spread all over the Philippines.
2247:
in Japan was pervasive and organized, it was logical to find military prostitution in the Japanese armed forces. Military correspondence within the Imperial Japanese Army shows that there were a number of the aims for facilitating comfort stations: to reduce or prevent rape crimes by Japanese army
179:
Originally, the brothels were established to provide soldiers with a sexual outlet, to reduce wartime rape and the spread of venereal diseases. The comfort stations, however, had the reverse effect of what was intended—it increased the amount of rapes and increased the spread of venereal diseases.
3870:
on many occasions, and have given testimonies to Japanese tourists in Manila. The Filipino news channel ABS-CBN has done interviews with the surviving lolas to bring awareness to the experience of lolas under the Japanese occupation and to remind people that Japan's crimes were not committed that
3508:
on July 30, 2007. The resolution expresses that the government of Japan should formally redress the situation by acknowledging, apologizing and accepting historical responsibility for the use of comfort women by its armed forces; have the Prime Minister of Japan give a public apology; and educate
3297:
Moreover, 'patriotic' emerging faiths like "Kofuku no Kagaku" ('Science of Happiness') and certain Christian factions advocating for the merging of religion and state have initiated a concerted effort domestically and internationally to deny the existence of comfort women system. They've gathered
2802:
Serial penetration by many men is not a mild form of torture. Just the tears at the vaginal opening feel like fire applied to a cut. Your genitals swell and bruise. Damage to the womb and other internal organs can also be tremendous … eing used as a public dumping ground by those men left me with
2748:
Military doctors and medical workers frequently raped the women during medical examinations. One Japanese Army doctor, Asō Tetsuo, testified that the comfort women were seen as "female ammunition" and as "public toilets"—as literally just things to be used and abused—with some comfort women being
2638:
In further analysis of the Imperial Army medical records for venereal disease treatment from 1940, Yoshimi concluded that if the percentages of women treated reflected the general makeup of the total comfort women population, Korean women made up 51.8 percent, Chinese 36 percent and Japanese 12.2
2452:
were also examined. One conclusion reached was that the relevant archives in Korea are distorted. A conclusion of the study was that the Japanese Imperial government and the colonial government in Korea tried to avoid recording the illegal mobilization of comfort women. It was concluded that they
2305:
As Japan continued military expansion, the military found itself short of Japanese volunteers, and turned to local populations—abducting and coercing women into serving as sex slaves in the comfort stations. Many women responded to calls to work as factory workers or nurses, and did not know that
172:
and other countries into sexual enslavement for Japanese troops; however, the majority of the women were from Korea. Many women died or died by suicide due to brutal mistreatment and sustained physical and emotional distress. After the war, Japan's acknowledgment of the comfort women's plight was
12671:
Ellen van der Ploeg, 84, from the Netherlands. During World War II, she lived with her family in the former Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Between 1943 and 1946, date at which she was liberated, Ellen lived in five different internment camps. When she was working in one of the camps, she was
3456:
In a forensic audit of the comfort women's shelter controlled by Yoon's group, it was found that barely 2.3% of its massive $ 7.5 million budget raised since 2015 was actually spent on supporting the living needs of surviving comfort women, many of whom live in cramped quarters, with substandard
3436:
In 2004, 13 former comfort women filed a complaint against the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery and the House of Sharing with the Seoul Western District Court to prevent these two organizations from profiting and exploiting the victims' past experiences to collect
3267:
concerning Japan's military sexual slavery. Japan has resisted pressure from other countries, including the United States and the European Union, who have passed resolutions urging the Japanese government to respond. Instead, Japan has indicated that it does not consider these statements legally
2785:
Many stories have been told about the horrors, brutalities, suffering and starvation of Dutch women in Japanese prison camps. But one story was never told, the most shameful story of the worst human rights abuse committed by the Japanese during World War II: The story of the "Comfort Women", the
2711:
Women and girls were stripped of their agency and dehumanized as "'female ammunition', 'public toilets', or 'military supplies'". In order to help injured Japanese soldiers receive treatment, some of them were even forced to donate blood. Even though every victim's testimony was unique, they all
3106:
2997:
The existence of comfort women in South Korea and activism in their favour began to build momentum following democratisation in 1987, but no former comfort woman had yet come forward publicly. After the Japanese government denied that the state was involved and rejected calls for apologies and
2692:
women born to Japanese fathers and Papuan mothers. One Australian Captain, David Hutchinson-Smith, also mentioned of some mixed-race, young Japanese-Papuan girls who were also conscripted as comfort women. A Papuan activist from Western New Guinea claimed an estimated 16,161 Papuan New Guinean
3389:
regarding the Philippine government's failure to fight for their cause, which resulted in ongoing discrimination against comfort women, that continues to this day. In 2023, CEDAW came up with a decision and recommended the government to provide the complainants with full reparation, including
2845:
during WWII. He quotes from the diary of Gordon Thomas, a POW in Rabaul. Thomas writes that the women working at the brothels "most likely served 25 to 35 men a day" and that they were "victims of the yellow slave trade". Nelson also quotes from Kentaro Igusa, a Japanese naval surgeon who was
2325:
Many women were tricked or defrauded into joining the military brothels. Based on false characterizations and payments—by Japanese or by local recruitment agents—which could help relieve family debts, many Korean girls enlisted to take the job. Furthermore, the South East Asia Translation and
2260:
by confining rape and sexual abuse to military-controlled facilities, or stop incidents from leaking to the international press should they occur. She also states that the government wanted to minimize medical expenses on treating venereal diseases that the soldiers acquired from frequent and
3186:
On June 15, 2018, The 20th civil division of Seoul Central District Court dismissed the comfort women's suit seeking damages against the South Korean government for signing the 2015 agreement with Japan. The court announced that the intergovernmental comfort women agreement "certainly lacked
3174:
In August 2016, twelve comfort women filed suit against the government of South Korea, declaring that the government had nullified the victims' individual rights to claim damages from Japan by signing an agreement not to demand further legal responsibility without consulting with the victims
2301:
in 1937, the Japanese forces adopted the general policy of creating comfort stations in various places in Japanese occupied Chinese territory, "not because of their concern for the Chinese victims of rape by Japanese soldiers but because of their fear of creating antagonism among the Chinese
173:
minimal, lacking a full apology and appropriate restitution, which damaged Japan's reputation in Asia for decades. Only in the 1990s did the Japanese government begin to officially apologize and offer compensation. However, apologies from Japanese officials have been criticized as insincere.
3401:
negotiations, as many as three-fourths of Korean comfort women may have died during the war. however, according to the Japanese government, the validity of this statement has since been brought into question as the number does not seem to be based on an actual investigation on the matter.
3041:
In 2014, China released documents it said were "ironclad proof" that the comfort women were forced to work as prostitutes against their will, including documents from the Japanese Kwantung Army military police corps archives and documents from the national bank of Japan's puppet regime in
2313:
In the early stages of World War II, Japanese authorities recruited prostitutes through conventional means. In urban areas, conventional advertising through middlemen was used alongside kidnapping. Middlemen advertised in newspapers circulating in Japan and in the Japanese colonies of
2699:
More than 2,000 Taiwanese women were forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese military; as of 2020, only two were still believed to be alive. Yoshiaki Yoshimi notes that more than half of Taiwanese comfort women were minors. In 2023 the last surviving Taiwanese comfort woman died.
3002:
came forward in August 1991 as the first to tell her story. She followed by others in several different countries demanding an apology from the Japanese government through filing a lawsuit. The Japanese government initially denied any responsibility, but, in January 1992, historian
4002:
relationship with San Francisco that had been established since 1957. When the city accepted the statue as public property in 2018, the mayor of Osaka sent a 10-page letter to the mayor of San Francisco, complaining of inaccuracies and unfairly singling out Japan for criticism.
3897:(meaning Red House in English) which was seized by Japanese soldiers during WWII and had been used as a comfort station where Filipino women were raped and held as comfort women. The Bahay na Pula is seen as a memorial to the forgotten Filipino comfort women in the Philippines.
4267:
Episode 13 of the Korean Netflix series Tomorrow explores the traumatic experiences of the comfort women. The fate of three of these women is the focus of the 60-minute episode Spring, with the peace monument in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul also playing a significant
2665:
began advocating for victims of the Japanese occupation that the plight of Dutch comfort women entered the collective conscience. As well as being raped and sexually assaulted every day and night, the Dutch girls lived in constant fear of beatings and other physical violence.
3732:
On November 21, 2018, South Korea officially cancelled the 2015 agreement and shut down the Japan-funded comfort women foundation which was launched in July 2016 to finance the agreement's settlement to the victims. The settlement had received criticism from victims' groups.
3912:
in Manila. About four months later, the statue was removed by government officials due to a "drainage improvement project" along the Baywalk. It was later declared missing in 2019 when the statue artist Jonas Roces failed to deliver the statue for its reinstallation at the
3631:
Since the 1990s, Taiwanese survivors have been bringing to light the comfort woman issue in Taiwanese society, and gaining support from women's rights activists and civil groups. Their testimony and memories have been documented by newspapers, books, and documentary films.
2736:
According to an account by a survivor, she was beaten when she attempted to resist being raped. The women who were not prostitutes prior to joining the "comfort women corps", especially those taken in by force, were normally "broken in" by being raped. One Korean woman,
9439:
3073:(AWF) to compensate former comfort women. The fund was also used to present an official Japanese narrative about the issue. Sixty one Korean, 13 Taiwanese, 211 Filipino, and 79 Dutch former comfort women were provided with a signed apology from the then prime minister
2728:
comfort women were among those who committed suicide by jumping off the cliffs of Saipan. In Burma, there were cases of Korean comfort women committing suicide by swallowing cyanide pills or being killed by having a hand grenade tossed into their dug-outs. During the
5110:
the brothels that operated in South Manchuria during and immediately after the Russo-Japanese War, despite the close regulation by military authorities, differed from the future 'comfort stations.' They were independently established and managed by civilian brothel
3530:
adopted a resolution on "Justice for the 'Comfort Women' (sex slaves in Asia before and during World War II)" calling on the Japanese government to apologise and accept legal responsibility for the coercion of young women into sexual slavery before and during WWII.
9990:
7031:"S Congress, House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment Committee on Foreign Affairs, Hearing on Protecting the Human Rights of "Comfort Women," Statement by Jan Ruff O'Herne AO Friends of "Comfort Women" in Australia"
3829:"to issue an official position declaring the comfort women system as a war crime, condemning the Japanese government in its direct involvement for institutionalized sexual slavery and demanding formal apology and compensation for the victims and their families,"
3835:"to include the reality of the "comfort women" and "comfort stations" during World War II in Philippine history. These include the curriculum, textbooks and other instructional materials used both in public and private educational institutions in all levels,"
3452:
Additionally, she was accused of fraud and embezzlement of almost half a million dollars from governmental organizations and private donors, which were used to buy properties and even pay tuition for her daughter's education at the University of California.
3199:, the Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said that "a sovereign state should not be put under the jurisdiction of foreign courts", claiming that the lawsuit should be rejected. And Suga stressed that the issue is already settled completely and finally, through
2343:
young women held as sex slaves by the Imperial Japanese Army at its camps. This might have provided them with some insight into the nature of Japanese, as opposed to British, colonial rule, as well what might be in store for their sisters and daughters."
6153:
2931:, who first encountered photographs of comfort women in 1962, but was unable to find adequate information explaining who the women in the photographs were. Senda, through a long process of investigation, published the first book on the subject, entitled
2422:
3235:(US$ 154,000) in damages to a group of comfort women, most of whom had already died and were represented by their families. Japan condemned the ruling as "extremely regrettable and absolutely unacceptable", and summoned South Korean ambassador to Japan
2826:
testified they were forced into slavery even when they were not old enough to have started menstruating. The court testimonies state that these prepubescent girls were repeatedly raped by Japanese soldiers while those who refused to comply were killed.
5949:"A majority of the 80,000 to 200,000 comfort women were from Korea, though others were recruited or recruited from China, the Philippines, Burma, and Indonesia. Some Japanese women who worked as prostitutes before the war also became comfort women.",
3049:
In 2019, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan asserted officially the view that the expression "sex slaves" contradicts the facts and should not be used, noting that this point had been confirmed with South Korea in a Japan-South Korea agreement.
14043:
3476:
2032:
5297:
2975:
also retracted articles that the paper had published based on or including information from Yoshida, in large part because of pressure from conservative activists and organizations. Following the retraction, attacks from conservatives increased.
3708:
was erected in front of the Japanese Embassy to honor the comfort women on the 1,000th Wednesday Demonstration. The Japanese government has repeatedly asked the South Korean government to have the statue taken down, but it has not been removed.
2776:
Ten Dutch women were taken by force from prison camps in Java by officers of the Imperial Japanese Army to become forced sex slaves in February 1944. They were systematically beaten and raped day and night. As a victim of the incident, in 1990,
3675:
kicked the statue and caused outrage in Taiwan, with the Taiwanese government branding his behavior as unacceptable. A Japanese right-wing group with affiliations to him apologized for his behavior and said he resigned from his group position.
3222:
In November 2023, Seoul High Court overturned the April 2021 ruling saying state immunity was not applicable to the case because Japan violated international treaties to which it was a party (as well as Japan's own criminal law) that banned
6049:"Hata essentially equates the 'comfort women' system with prostitution and finds similar practices during the war in other countries. He has been criticized by other Japanese scholars for downplaying the hardship of the 'comfort women'.",
3578:
Despite the efforts at assigning responsibility and victims compensation, in the years after World War II, many former Korean comfort women were afraid to reveal their past, because they are afraid of being disowned or ostracized further.
3973:
to the comfort women of World War II. Some Japanese and Japanese-American opponents of the initiative argue the statue would promote hatred and anti-Japanese sentiment throughout the community and object to the statue singling out Japan.
2712:
shared commonalities: they all experienced severe and brutal physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. They were repeatedly beaten and forced to perform sexual service with 10 men on normal days and up to 40 men on days after combat.
8561:
4546:...'wartime comfort women' were those who were taken to former Japanese military installations, such as comfort stations, for a certain period during wartime in the past and forced to provide sexual services to officers and soldiers.
3728:
On August 14, 2018, South Korea held an unveiling ceremony for a monument memorializing Korean women forced to work in wartime brothels for the Japanese military, as the nation observed its first official comfort women memorial day.
10668:
15138:, April 27, 2007, and Ko Hanako Et Al. V. Japan, Supreme Court of Japan (1st Petty Bench), April 27, 2007 (January 1, 2008). American Journal of International Law, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 148–154, January 2008. Available at SSRN:
3646:
Thanks to this increasing awareness in society, and with the help of TWRF, Taiwanese comfort women have gained the support their government, which on many occasions has asked the Japanese government for apologies and compensation.
3146:
8.3 million) to a fund supporting surviving victims while South Korea agreed to refrain from criticizing Japan regarding the issue and to work to remove a statue memorializing the victims from in front of the Japanese embassy in
3755:, South Korea in 1998. The House of Sharing includes "The Museum of Sexual Slavery by Japanese Military" to spread the truth about the Japanese military's brutal abuse of comfort women and to educate descendants and the public.
3724:
On June 30, 2017, the local government of Busan enacted the legal foundation to protect the Statue of Peace by passing the relative ordinance. By reason of this, it has become difficult to shift the site or demolish the statue.
12672:
turned over to a comfort station by the Imperial Japanese forces. Soldiers would cut her food rationing if she did not work hard enough. They also ignored orders to use condoms, which led to her contracting a venereal disease.
3015:
became the first Japanese leader to issue a statement specifically apologising for the comfort women issue. This led to an intense increase of public interest in the topic as well. In 1993, following multiple testimonies, the
5851:
4296:
4013:
On May 23, 2018, a comfort women memorial was installed in Constitution Park in Fort Lee, NJ. Youth Council of Fort Lee, a student organization led by Korean American high school students in Fort Lee designed the memorial.
9982:
3805:, a feminist organization. In their brochure they list their demands in two categories, ones to the Japanese government and those for the Philippine government. From the Japanese government Lila Pilipina has five demands:
3373:
Since information disclosed by the Asian Women's Fund can be attributed to parts of a speech delivered in 1965 by Japanese Diet Member Arafune Seijuro, some of the information mentioned by the fund remains controversial.
3190:
On January 8, 2021, Seoul Central District Court ordered the government of Japan to pay reparations of 100 million won ($ 91,300) each to the families of the twelve women. On the court case, referring to the principle of
13045:
3321:
noted that Hata's initial estimate was at approximately 90,000, but he reduced that figure to 20,000 for political reasons. He has been criticized by other Japanese scholars for minimizing the hardship of comfort women.
12522:
3214:
and "an inevitable diplomatic clash" between Japan and South Korea governments should the lawsuit proceeded. Lee Yong-soo, a former comfort woman and one of the plaintiffs, said she would seek international litigation.
11923:
6760:
10366:
8098:[Answer to the question by the House of Representatives member Kiyomi Tsujimoto regarding the prime minister Abe's recognition of Comfort women issue]. House of Representatives. March 16, 2007. Archived from
3800:
Comfort women in the Philippines, called "Lolas" (grandmothers), formed different groups similar to the Korean survivors. One group, named "Lila Pilipina" (League of Filipino Women), started in 1992 and is member of
2673:
Tokyo or Singapore. Common destinations of comfort women from Java included Burma, Thailand, and Eastern Indonesia. Interviews conducted with former comfort women also suggest that some women came from the island of
19915:
7008:
3306:
3264:
14025:
6145:
3252:, which would have signified an apology backed by the Japanese government. Subsequent apologies written and signed by the standing prime minister of Japan were distributed by the Asian Women's Fund, which is a
7956:
3986:, objected that the memorial should be "broadened to memorialize all the women who have been sexually assaulted and abused by soldiers of countries in the world". Supporting the statue, Heather Knight of the
3695:
Every Wednesday, living comfort women, women's organizations, socio-civic groups, religious groups, and a number of individuals participate in the Wednesday Demonstrations in front of the Japanese Embassy in
19885:
10449:
9511:
2413:
In June 2014, more official documents were made public from the government of Japan's archives, documenting sexual violence and women forced into sexual slavery, committed by Imperial Japanese soldiers in
11732:
12635:
10293:
3838:"to build historical markers and shrines around the country for the comfort women and war victims of World War II as a reminder to the present generation of the sad realities behind wars of aggression,"
7981:
2811:, twenty European women and girls were imprisoned in two houses. Over a period of three weeks, as Japanese units passed by the houses, the women and their daughters were brutally and repeatedly raped.
13213:
9267:
5493:
3356:
into erasing several paragraphs on comfort women from one of their textbooks. The attempt was unsuccessful, and American academics criticized Japanese attempts to revise the history of comfort women.
10233:
3850:
3386:
2027:
10475:
3024:
of Japanese women did not believe in the stories of the comfort women, charging that many Japanese simply regard other Asians as "others" whose feelings do not count. In 2004, Minister of Education
9773:
12019:
11317:
8163:
6482:
2884:
The Survey of Korean Comfort Women Used by Japanese Soldiers said that 30% of the interviewed former Korean comfort women produced biological children and 20% adopted children after World War II.
10423:
3167:
On February 16, 2016, the United Nations' Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Seventh and Eighth Periodic Reports, was held, with Shinsuke Sugiyama, Deputy Minister for
13573:
The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900–2000s
3555:, the women showed distorted perceptions, difficulty in managing emotional reactions and internalized anger. A 2011 clinical study found that comfort women are more prone to showing symptoms of
19067:
11409:
8621:
8553:
11104:
10728:
19079:
19043:
12492:
3298:
extensive support from Japanese citizens who refute the existence of the comfort women issue, alleging it as a concoction by left-leaning factions. Several leaders of these groups are women.
2265:
states that local brothels outside of the military's reach had issues of security, since there were possibilities of spies disguised as workers of such private facilities. Japanese historian
15644:
12459:
10832:
10698:
10139:
13591:
10660:
3818:"for the Japanese government to admit the use of force and violence in the conscription and treatment of the "comfort women" as military sex slaves, contrary to Japanese government report,"
3597:
10014:
14051:
3821:"a formal apology to the Filipino people and specifically to the women victims and their families for having a direct hand in the conscription of Asian women for military sexual slavery."
2720:
from losing battles with the Allied Forces. During the last stand of Japanese forces in 1944–45, comfort women were often forced to commit suicide or were killed. During World war II, at
14288:
12052:
10904:
11236:
10108:
11988:
10203:
3874:
Similar to the Korean grandmothers, Filipino "Lolas" have their own Grandmother house with a collection of their testimonies. Also two of them have published two autobiographic books:
3751:
is a nursing home for living comfort women. The House of Sharing was founded in June 1992 through funds raised by Buddhist organizations and various socio-civic groups and it moved to
3370:
expressed that Japan should do more for sufferers of wartime sexual slavery. Japan responded by stating it has already made numerous apologies and offered compensation to the victims.
12548:
12393:
11797:
11767:
3815:"for the Japanese government to include as reference in its textbooks and history books the reality of military sexual slavery through "comfort women" during World War II as a crime,"
3809:"that Japan fulfills its responsibility in the full disclosure of all information in its war archives concerning the operation of the "comfort stations" and the "comfort women" system
3126:
said the Japanese government may reconsider the study and the apology. However, Prime Minister Abe clarified on March 14, 2014, that he had no intention of renouncing or altering it.
11823:
2917:, had been interpreted by the Japanese government as having settled issues related to war crimes, despite the fact that none of them specifically mentioned the comfort women system.
19834:
19055:
8960:
5841:
4183:. Several scenes of Chinese women tearfully volunteering themselves as comfort women to save the rest of the refugees are depicted, as well as their plight, pain and eventual death.
2921:
2914:
176:
Estimates vary as to how many women were involved, with most historians settling somewhere in the range of 50,000–200,000; the exact numbers are still being researched and debated.
3468:
The Comfort Women survivors have asked the Korean government multiple times to bring their case in front of the International Court of Justice, but South Korea has yet to respond.
2955:
about their past actions. However, the comfort women issue was not a central topic and instead most of this resurgence in historical interest went towards other themes such as the
2410:
on the issue. According to China, the documents provide ironclad proof that the Japanese military forced Asian women to work in front-line brothels before and during World War II.
3721:
announced the agreement would not be enacted in its current stage and that negotiations for a deal between Japan and South Korea over the comfort women dispute had to start over.
2440:
Documents were found in Shanghai that showed details of how the Japanese Army went about opening comfort stations for Japanese troops in occupied Shanghai. Documents included the
15473:
A museum documenting oral account publications, images and interactive maps of designated "Comfort Women" military establishments and experiences of "Comfort Women" (in Japanese)
7158:
3567:
The last surviving victims have become public figures in Korea, where they are referred to as "halmoni", the affectionate term for "grandmother". There is a nursing home, called
13042:
12842:
12754:
5773:
5619:", the actual number of comfort women remains unclear because the Japanese army incinerated many crucial documents right after the defeat for fear of war crimes prosecution, ",
2696:
In 1985, Japanese comfort woman survivor Shirota Suzuko (1921–1993) released her autobiography, detailing the sufferings she and other women endured as comfort women.
12514:
11182:
12069:
11915:
4165:
3991:
2866:
for soldiers in Negri Sembilan and another 10,000 for soldiers in Perak. However, the women had no ability to resist or object when Japanese soldiers refused to wear condoms.
3763:
Some of the survivors, Kang Duk-kyung, Kim Soon-duk and Lee Yong-Nyeo, preserved their personal history through their drawings as a visual archive. Also, the director of the
19852:
13768:
10362:
5937:"An estimated 200,000 to 300,000 women across Asia, predominantly Korean and Chinese, are believed to have been forced to work as sex slaves in Japanese military brothels",
5681:"An estimated 200,000 to 300,000 women across Asia, predominantly Korean and Chinese, are believed to have been forced to work as sex slaves in Japanese military brothels",
3516:
unanimously passed a motion that recognized Japan's use of women as sex slaves during the Second World War, demanding Japan to make a formal sincere apology to all victims.
2724:
Lagoon, 70 comfort women were killed prior to the expected American assault as the Navy mistook the American air raid as the prelude to an American landing while during the
9357:
7000:
3700:, sponsored by "The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (KCWDMSS)". It was first held on January 8, 1992, when Japan's Prime Minister
2444:
Municipal Archives from the archival files of the Japanese government and the Japanese police during the periods of the occupation in World War II. Municipal archives from
12426:
5660:
5490:
4615:
3717:, South Korea. As of January 6, 2017, the Japanese government is attempting to negotiate the removal of the statue. On May 11, 2017, newly elected South Korean President
3317:
estimates the number of comfort women to have been more likely between 10,000 and 20,000. Hata claims that "none of the comfort women were forcibly recruited". Historian
2297:, the chief of staff in Shanghai, ordered the construction of comfort houses to prevent further rape. After the rapes of many Chinese women by Japanese troops during the
19921:
19673:
17492:
14693:
14029:
12299:
10756:
4401:
3571:, for former comfort women in South Korea. China remains more at the testimony collection stage, particularly through the China "Comfort Women" Issue Research Center at
3505:
17237:
12236:
8734:
3416:, Japan's second largest newspaper in circulation, retracted 16 articles published between 1982 and 1997. The articles were concerned with former imperial army officer
3210:
In April 2021, in a separate case, a judge at Seoul Central District Court rejected an effort to order Japan to compensate 20 comfort women and their relatives, citing
2623:, comfort women were replaced with other women at a rapid rate, making her estimates of 200,000-400,000 comfort women plausible, with the majority being Chinese women.
16845:
12101:
10264:
8198:
5468:
2153:
13217:
12267:
3011:'s National Institute of Defense Studies which indicated Japanese military involvement in establishing and running "comfort stations." Following this, Prime Minister
18843:
16861:
8711:
8681:
8651:
7953:
14643:慰安婦問題、敗北主義に陥るな 外務省「韓国は確信犯的にやっている」(Comfort women issue – Do not be influenced by defeatism. Foreign Ministry Staff say "South Korea is doing a criminal conviction".)
19115:
12363:
11369:
11258:
11028:
5055:
3480:
Members of the Malaya Lolas held a demonstration with families of Philippine "comfort women" on International Memorial Day for "Comfort Women" (August 14) 2024 in
2846:
stationed in Rabaul. Igusa wrote in his memoirs that the women continued to work through infection and severe discomfort, though they "cried and begged for help".
17181:
13961:
10445:
9960:
9503:
6402:
2677:. After the war, many Javanese comfort women who survived stayed in the locations where they had been trafficked to and became integrated into local populations.
16784:
16756:
15900:
15084:
11736:
11630:
11077:
4203:
is a 2015 South Korean film that tells the story about two teenage girls who are taken away from their homes and forced to become comfort women for the Japanese.
2604:
18822:
17501:
17188:
16322:
12627:
12148:
10287:
9860:
9533:
7973:
4406:
2897:
trafficked from Korea to Burma for this purpose, under the pretence of being recruited for work such as visiting the wounded in hospitals or rolling bandages.
2017:
1548:
11893:
10877:
17804:
17167:
16476:
16101:
11582:
9259:
7037:
5211:
3650:
In November 2014, "Song of the Reed", a documentary film directed by Wu Hsiu-ching and produced by TWRF, won the International Gold Panda documentary award.
3367:
14434:
13295:"Gedwongen prostitutie van Nederlandse vrouwen in voormalig Nederlands-Indië [Enforced prostitution of Dutch women in the former Dutch East Indies]"
10225:
3020:(named after then Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono) was issued by Japanese Government confirming that coercion was involved in seizing the comfort women.
20021:
18974:
16817:
16763:
15949:
10471:
10226:"Philippines failed to redress continuous discrimination and suffering of sexual slavery victims perpetrated by Imperial Japanese Army, UN committee finds"
8993:
1902:
1274:
1011:
9766:
8228:
2347:
front lines, especially in the countryside where middlemen were rare. When the locals were considered hostile in China, Japanese soldiers carried out the
19242:
17274:
16770:
16386:
14922:
12011:
11313:
10592:
8167:
6478:
3341:
chaired a commission established to consider "concrete measures to restore Japan's honor with regard to the comfort women issue", despite his own father
3290:, who stated that no women were forced to serve and that the women worked in more hygienic conditions compared to regular prostitutes because the use of
3286:, depicts kimono-clad women lining up to sign up for duty before a Japanese soldier. Kobayashi's book contains an interview with Taiwanese industrialist
1638:
1279:
13332:
12694:
10419:
9237:
9149:
9127:
9072:
8766:
7097:
3551:
In the aftermath of the war, the women recalled bouts of physical and mental abuse that they had experienced while working in military brothels. In the
2261:
widespread rape, which hindered Japan's military capacity. Comfort women lived in sordid conditions, and were called "public toilets" by the Japanese.
15796:
14093:
13157:
5687:"Historians say thousands of women; as many as 200,000 by some accounts; mostly from Korea, China and Japan worked in the Japanese military brothels",
4471:
2920:
The issue has been discussed in Korean newspapers since the war's end, with the number of articles jumping in the 1960s, when negotiations towards the
14503:
12666:
11399:
10855:
10396:
10172:
10039:
8613:
5869:
2669:
J.F. van Wagtendonk and the Dutch Broadcast Foundation estimated a total number of 400 Dutch girls were taken from the camps to become comfort women.
17160:
16607:
16483:
15085:
Howard, Keith; Hanʼguk Chŏngsindae Munje Taechʻaek Hyŏbŭihoe; Research Association on the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (1995).
13428:
12946:
12333:
11108:
10720:
10539:
9604:
8118:[No evidence of the forced seizures. A cabinet decision on Kono statement.] (in Japanese). 47News. Kyodo News. March 16, 2007. Archived from
6349:
Poelgeest. Bart van, 1993, Gedwongen prostitutie van Nederlandse vrouwen in voormalig Nederlands-Indië 's-Gravenhage: Sdu Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat.
3665:
3596:. It was built on the site of a former comfort station run by the invading Japanese troops during World War II. The memorial hall stands next to the
3424:
region in South Korea. Following the retraction of the articles, the newspaper also refused to publish an op-ed on the matter by Japanese journalist
3029:
concluding that "No evidence was found that the Japanese army or the military officials seized the women by force." In 2014, Chief Cabinet Secretary
2375:(Japanese Army military police) to work in front-line brothels in China, Indochina, and Indonesia. These documents were initially made public at the
14641:
12482:
12188:
10985:
9053:
8095:
6606:
16460:
15840:
12449:
11853:
11436:
11347:
10690:
10507:
10131:
2608:
971:
13999:
13975:
12126:
8249:
6360:
Report of a study of Dutch government documents on the forced prostitution of Dutch women in the Dutch East Indies during the Japanese occupation.
2853:
in Burma indicated that the comfort women lived comparatively well, received many gifts, and were paid wages while they were in Burma. The label '
19683:
16897:
16209:
12579:
11466:
10011:
2635:, and other Japanese-occupied countries and regions. Some Dutch women, captured in Dutch colonies in Asia, were also forced into sexual slavery.
14894:
12042:
10918:
Min SK, Lee CH, Kim JY, Shim EJ (November 2004). "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder of Former Comfort Women for Japanese Army during World War II".
7697:
5808:
3539:
and to bring to justice those responsible and to pursue a comprehensive and lasting resolution to these issues". U.N. Human Rights Commissioner
2963:. Nevertheless, historians who had studied Japan's wartime activities in-depth were already aware of the existence of comfort women in general.
2379:
trial. In one of these, a lieutenant is quoted as confessing to having organized a brothel and having used it himself. Another source refers to
2363:
announced the discovery of seven official documents in the archives of the Tokyo Trials, suggesting that Imperial military forces – such as the
19805:
16716:
16018:
14339:
14298:
13294:
11543:
11512:
10894:
9472:
9383:
9323:
9293:
4361:
3278:
3059:
2708:
It is estimated that most of the survivors became infertile because of the multiple rapes or venereal diseases contracted following the rapes.
1326:
346:
18715:
14580:
13843:
13731:
Mitchell, Richard H. (April 1997), "George Hicks. The Comfort Women: Japan's Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War",
11978:
11226:
10098:
9926:
8591:
7390:
5955:"Approximately 80 percent of the sex slaves were Korean; . By one approximation, 80 percent were between the ages of fourteen and eighteen.",
19927:
17508:
17471:
17448:
16969:
15891:
15861:
12768:
11955:
11759:
10195:
9387:
7268:
5999:
3101:
2909:
reason is expected to commit suicide; by choosing to live, the survivors made themselves into outcasts. Moreover, documents such as the 1952
2334:
girls were recruited to "Huimin Girls' school" to be trained as entertainers, but then forced to serve as sex slaves. The American historian
17223:
14072:
12544:
12385:
11790:
10770:
8262:
3207:
also spoke about the lawsuit of a claim for damages against Japanese government consistently in Extraordinary Press Conference from Brazil.
2857:', originally referring to comfort women who returned to Korea, has remained as a pejorative term for sexually active women in South Korea.
19858:
17601:
17457:
17441:
17413:
16661:
15868:
15528:
11827:
10825:"European Parliament resolution of 13 December 2007 on Justice for the 'Comfort Women' (sex slaves in Asia before and during World War II)"
8952:
8516:"Reconstructing the History of the 'Comfort Women' System: The Fruits of 28 years of Investigation into the 'Comfort Women' Issue in China"
5715:
4302:
2632:
2022:
1872:
14460:
11006:
8929:
8375:
6452:
20036:
19728:
19280:
18358:
17425:
17337:
17281:
17244:
16526:
15383:
13375:
10636:
9837:
3575:, sometimes in collaboration with Korean researchers. For other nations, the research and the interaction with victims is less advanced.
1353:
7155:
3330:
132:), which literally means "comforting, consoling woman". During World War II, Japanese troops forced hundreds of thousands of women from
17330:
16062:
10824:
9417:
2099:
851:
491:
15414:
14262:
14237:
14212:
14193:
14167:
14141:
14115:
14057:
12832:
12746:
11490:
9327:
9169:
7793:
5781:
2256:, a former member of the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice, states that the Japanese government aimed to prevent atrocities like the
19780:
18836:
17464:
15854:
15812:
14967:
14600:
12214:
11186:
9297:
8893:
8796:
7862:
5899:
5436:
1301:
13243:
12887:
12066:
11707:
8113:
7135:
6513:
2453:
burned most of the records immediately before the surrender; however, the study confirmed that some documents and records survived.
19465:
18967:
18685:
16504:
16278:
16041:
15907:
15718:
11291:
7897:
4432:
4356:
4347:
4321:
4026:, Germany. The statue was a replica of the bronze statue installed in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul. Another German city,
2072:
1892:
1065:
15344:
14805:
14324:
13776:
10977:
Pilzer, Joshua D. (2012). Hearts of Pine: Songs in the Lives of Three Korean Survivors of the Japanese "Comfort Women". New York:
10346:
3949:. The statue has been subject to multiple legal attempts to remove it. A 2014 lawsuit seeking the statue's removal was dismissed.
19991:
19981:
19961:
19800:
19235:
17580:
17377:
16414:
15914:
15826:
15762:
15377:
13408:
12918:
9349:
9099:
8867:
8837:
8472:
2947:
2772:. Over the following months, O'Herne and six other Dutch women were repeatedly raped and beaten, day and night, by IJA personnel.
2689:
2530:
2230:
465:
15511:
14830:
13258:
9901:
7929:
7920:"Testimony about 'forcible taking away of women on Jeju Island': Judged to be fabrication because supporting evidence not found"
6644:
6545:
3936:
On March 8, 2013, Bergen County erected a comfort women memorial on the lawn of the Bergen County Courthouse in Hackensack, NJ.
17783:
17295:
16145:
15683:
13353:
12605:
12416:
11650:
11160:
11134:
10746:
8278:
7184:
5656:
4611:
3796:
used as barracks by Japanese soldiers in World War II where young Filipino comfort women were imprisoned and used as sex slaves
3523:
passed a resolution that urged Japan to apologize for it wartime sex slavery, and to pay compensation to former comfort women.
3520:
2274:
to manage comfort stations, which included how to determine the actuarial "durability or perishability of the women procured."
1336:
754:
19713:
15286:
Testimony about 'forcible taking away of women on Jeju Island': Judged to be fabrication because supporting evidence not found
14697:
12289:
10964:
9727:
5004:
Chang, Iris (1997), The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, Basic Books. pp 109-110. ISBN 0-465-06835-9.
4930:
4601:, p. 69 "It referred to adult female (fu/bu) who provided sexual services to "comfort and entertain" (ian/wian) the warrior...
3969:
On September 22, 2017, in an initiative led by the local Chinese-American community, San Francisco erected a privately funded
3378:
States; San Francisco, California, United States; and Berlin, Germany, with each demand rejected by the relevant authorities.
19678:
19557:
18379:
18284:
17811:
17557:
17432:
16518:
16492:
16349:
16055:
15972:
15255:
15219:
15166:
15096:
15072:
15031:
14378:
13695:
13670:
13626:
13605:
13552:
13476:
13441:
13418:
12228:
11057:
8744:
8395:
8190:
8003:
7835:
7593:
7433:
7350:
6754:
6684:
5458:
2980:, a journalist who wrote one of the retracted articles, was subject to similar attacks from conservatives, and his employer,
2662:
1914:
1591:
1363:
15211:
Comfort Women Speak: Testimony by Sex Slaves of the Japanese Military : Includes New United Nations Human Rights Report
12810:
12091:
11063:
10614:
10256:
6690:
5738:
5339:
5097:
4030:, had planned to set up a comfort woman statue there but it was scrapped due to "strong obstruction and pressure" by Japan.
19611:
19020:
18612:
18019:
17905:
17070:
16537:
16533:
16511:
16115:
15484:
12259:
9413:
8703:
8673:
8643:
7210:
6721:
4390:
4308:
3970:
2252:
among Japanese troops, and to prevent leakage of military secrets by civilians who were in contact with Japanese officers.
2106:
2067:
1710:
15462:
The "House of Sharing" is a South Korean home for surviving comfort women and incorporates "The Museum of Sexual Slavery".
14667:
3363:
changed its description of the terms "comfort woman" and "forced labourer" causing a controversy among staff and readers.
2564:
20026:
19455:
19149:
18960:
18527:
17991:
17323:
17309:
16522:
15561:
14735:
13120:
9023:
8863:
8833:
8141:
6978:
6951:
6294:
6183:
4380:
3636:
3349:
3260:
3168:
3111:
2470:
2148:
1785:
1445:
1296:
1092:
1001:
15037:
Hayashi, Hirofumi. "Disputes in Japan over the Japanese Military 'Comfort Women' System and Its Perception in History",
14773:
14562:
14543:
14314:
12976:
12355:
11377:
11268:
11020:
9957:
5047:
2791:
with those who became pregnant forced to have abortions. After four harrowing months, the girls were moved to a camp at
2386:
On May 12, 2007, journalist Taichiro Kajimura announced the discovery of 30 Dutch government documents submitted to the
19658:
19228:
18736:
18605:
18483:
18061:
17776:
17727:
17485:
17040:
16292:
16131:
15979:
15833:
15503:
15317:
14944:
14853:
14444:
13967:
13616:
13510:
11871:
9201:
8428:
6388:
6108:
6030:
5178:
4820:
4239:
is a 2018 South Korean drama film based on a real-life story of three comfort women and seven other victims during the
3460:
In September 2020, the Democratic Party (DP) suspended Yoon's party membership due to the charges that she was facing.
2168:
1862:
1616:
254:
14416:
11634:
11081:
8497:
6336:
6271:
18852:
17734:
17706:
17523:
17105:
16824:
16791:
15300:
15296:
15237:
15158:
15150:
15128:
15113:
15052:
13652:
13581:
13532:
9195:"Summary of remarks by Mr. Shinsuke Sugiyama, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Question and Answer session"
8310:
7640:
7607:
6436:
6239:
6214:
5333:
5205:
5091:
4263:
3310:
women to have sex with Japanese troops, and Asian brothels, where women chose to be prostitutes for American troops.
3115:
2849:
Contrarily, a report based on interrogation of 20 Korean comfort women and two Japanese civilians captured after the
2538:
1990:
1867:
1291:
1060:
927:
16007:
12156:
11674:
10322:
9868:
3385:, an organization that supports Filipina survivors of sexual slavery during World War II, filed a complaint at UN's
19770:
19575:
18889:
18047:
17984:
17119:
16955:
16078:
11885:
10869:
8061:
7763:
7506:
5943:"Estimates of the number of comfort women range between 50,000 and 200,000. It is believed that most were Korean",
5819:, The Australian National University–Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, retrieved October 26, 2009
5132:
4502:
3998:
camps in California as evidence that Japan is "not being singled out". In protest over the statue, Osaka ended the
3995:
2971:
with your own assertions is something that newspapers do all the time too". In August 2014, the Japanese newspaper
2716:
to comply with the troops' demands. In addition, threats were made to the families of girls who attempted suicide.
2542:
2121:
1331:
1316:
1262:
947:
937:
932:
761:
617:
336:
16632:
15542:
13214:"Contemporary Forms of Slavery – Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflict"
11574:
9050:[Editorial] No final resolution without legal responsibility on comfort women issue ' | english.hani.co.kr
7030:
5195:
1837:
19795:
19790:
19433:
18413:
18254:
18243:
18079:
17838:
17797:
17690:
17628:
17015:
16285:
16154:
16122:
15519:
13376:"H. Res. 121: Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of Japan should formally."
12724:
9410:"Extraordinary Press Conference by Foreign Minister MOTEGI Toshimitsu, Friday, January 8, 2021, 8:43 p.m. Brazil"
8983:
6744:
3764:
3713:
identical to the one in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul was erected in front of the Japanese consulate in
3501:
are campaigning in countries where governments have yet to support the cause, like in Australia, or New Zealand.
2616:
2486:
2116:
1887:
693:
310:
16802:
16370:
14360:
12888:"The hidden battle of Leyte : the picture diary of a girl taken by the Japanese military / Remedios Felias"
12386:"Supervisors' support of a 'comfort women' memorial in San Francisco sparks debate – The San Francisco Examiner"
10072:
8449:
8335:
19775:
18799:
18771:
18649:
18442:
17679:
17130:
17056:
16852:
16223:
15942:
15847:
15732:
15578:
13813:
Watanabe, Kazuko (1999). "Trafficking in Women's Bodies, Then and Now: The Issue of Military "Comfort Women"".
8220:
6362:
4577:
4533:
3556:
2834:
2383:
members having arrested women on the streets and putting them in brothels after enforced medical examinations.
2249:
1586:
1574:
1154:
966:
612:
484:
401:
113:
20:
15628:"Statement by Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama on the occasion of the establishment of the Asian Women's Fund"
15442:– not-for-profit organisation focusing on the plight of the Japanese military "Comfort Women" of World War II.
14928:
13245:
Statement by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono on the result of the study on the issue of "comfort women"
13139:
10584:
8527:
4085:
A number of former comfort women had come forward and spoken out about their plight of being a comfort woman:
2591:
20001:
19966:
19363:
18859:
18792:
18743:
18674:
18499:
18005:
17956:
17720:
17713:
17316:
17077:
16868:
15921:
15389:
13336:
12684:
11604:
9229:
9146:
9124:
9069:
8774:
7089:
6785:
5562:
Lee, SinCheol; Han, Hye-in (January 2015). "Comfort women: a focus on recent findings from Korea and China".
4638:
3253:
2951:
2158:
1941:
802:
19276:
15650:
14099:
6676:
4467:
3345:, having organized a "comfort station" in 1942 when he was a lieutenant paymaster in Japan's Imperial Navy.
19976:
19648:
19409:
18933:
18829:
18204:
18165:
17084:
16919:
16904:
16831:
16810:
16628:
16306:
16092:
16085:
16069:
15780:
15739:
15711:
13447:
13079:
12658:
10847:
10388:
10162:
10031:
7419:
5865:
4465:
4326:
4291:
3397:
of the Japanese Diet in 1975 in which he claimed to cite numbers provided by Korean authorities during the
3201:
the 1965 Agreement on the Settlement of Problems concerning Property and Claims and on Economic Cooperation
2163:
2007:
1877:
1538:
1306:
1286:
846:
814:
249:
219:
46:
29:
19749:
19399:
19394:
14651:
12936:
12325:
10529:
6023:
The Japanese Comfort Women and Sexual Slavery during the China and Pacific Wars (War, Culture and Society)
5171:
The Japanese Comfort Women and Sexual Slavery during the China and Pacific Wars (War, Culture and Society)
4711:
533:
19668:
18896:
18220:
18172:
17790:
17762:
17615:
17230:
17209:
16730:
16393:
16299:
15789:
13920:
13290:
12999:
12178:
9048:
8099:
7168:
6598:
4074:
3008:
2549:, and French Indochina. A smaller number of women of European origin were also involved, mostly from the
2223:
2173:
1897:
1815:
942:
723:
543:
15335:
15136:
Case Comment: Nishimatsu Construction Co. v. Song Jixiao Et Al., Supreme Court of Japan (2d Petty Bench)
12116:
11849:
11432:
11339:
10497:
4231:
as an elderly woman who travels to the United States to testify about her experience as a comfort woman.
2650:
The garrisons were located from the northern region of Cagayan Valley to the Davao region in the south.
2351:("kill all, burn all, loot all") which included indiscriminately kidnapping and raping local civilians.
19840:
19063:
19002:
18694:
18190:
18109:
18054:
17942:
17898:
17548:
17174:
17098:
17000:
16877:
16749:
16742:
16702:
16675:
16407:
16340:
15935:
15746:
15676:
15453:
15372:
15356:
14522:
14009:
13983:
12077:
8583:
8259:
4277:
3941:
3930:
3604:
3572:
2514:
2490:
2430:
2082:
1934:
1919:
1810:
1006:
676:
226:
14714:
12571:
11916:"Flowers for Lolas: Accurate historical inclusion while the comfort women's voices can still be heard"
11791:"COMMENTARY ON A VICTORY FOR "COMFORT WOMEN": JAPAN'S JUDICIAL RECOGNITION OF MILITARY SEXUAL SLAVERY"
11462:
10933:
Min, SK; Lee, CH; Kim, JY; Sim, EJ (2011). "Posttraumatic stress disorder in former 'comfort women'".
8422:"Details of Exchanges Between Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) Regarding the Comfort Women Issue"
20016:
19251:
19039:
18596:
18513:
18298:
18158:
18130:
17963:
17868:
17658:
17091:
16165:
15819:
15008:
14903:
14622:
13436:, Washington DC: Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group,
9380:"Press Conference by the Prime Minister on the court case brought by a group of former comfort women"
7701:
5805:
4442:
4141:
4071:
2984:, was pressured to terminate his position. Uemura sued for libel but lost his case against Professor
2981:
2977:
2924:
were underway, and further spiking in the 1980s, after the discovery of living former comfort women.
2873:, which together with damage to the vagina caused by rape were the causes of unusually high rates of
2612:
2482:
2178:
2077:
1608:
1596:
1186:
1159:
664:
477:
364:
214:
33:
16363:
14343:
13847:
13563:
Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces (日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって』)
13314:
11551:
11520:
9480:
2269:
further states that the Japanese military used comfort women to satisfy disgruntled soldiers during
20031:
19996:
19785:
19329:
19323:
18335:
18312:
17564:
17365:
17358:
17022:
16682:
16654:
16647:
16034:
14584:
13941:
12778:
11002:
9936:
7786:"勇気ある告発者か詐話師か?吉田清治を再考する [A brave whistleblower or a swindler? Reconsidering Yoshida Seiji]"
7720:"Disputes in Japan over the Japanese Military "Comfort Women" System and Its Perception in History"
7387:
4180:
4062:
in August 2016. The 1.5-metre statue imported from Korea was originally meant for a public park in
3952:
On May 30, 2014, a memorial was dedicated behind the Fairfax County Government Center in Virginia.
1958:
1827:
1380:
1169:
654:
555:
259:
19311:
16379:
16356:
15599:"Announcement by Foreign Ministers of Japan and the Republic of Korea at the Joint Press Occasion"
14397:
13571:
11945:
10798:
10561:
9379:
8860:"Announcement by Foreign Ministers of Japan and the Republic of Korea at the Joint Press Occasion"
7265:
5991:
2837:'s Asia Pacific Research Division, has written about the brothels run by the Japanese military in
834:
20011:
20006:
19891:
19828:
19110:
18757:
18701:
18571:
18431:
18116:
17769:
17665:
17571:
17139:
17007:
16977:
16941:
16926:
16798:
16690:
16668:
16614:
16600:
16582:
16246:
16027:
15755:
15704:
15647:, introduced by Rep. Michael Makoto Honda (California 17th), Passed House amended (July 30, 2007)
15439:
15396:
14439:
14078:
12860:
12421:
10978:
9728:"Japanese Religions and the Issue of "Comfort Women" - The University of Chicago Divinity School"
7093:
5077:
4427:
4417:
4101:
3987:
3690:
3670:
3398:
3326:
2910:
2730:
2262:
2143:
1882:
1832:
1760:
1533:
1311:
1255:
1238:
669:
19475:
15525:
15230:
Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation
14775:
No Organized or Forced Recruitment: Misconceptions about Comfort Women and the Japanese Military
11480:
7852:
5711:
3607:. It is a museum that exhibits photographs and various items related to comfort women in China.
3420:, who claimed he had forcibly taken Korean women to wartime Japanese military brothels from the
2421:
A 2015 study examined archival data which was previously difficult to access, partly due to the
19956:
19909:
19539:
19075:
18952:
18449:
18342:
18144:
18095:
17998:
17891:
17861:
17644:
17532:
17258:
17049:
16640:
16621:
16591:
16138:
16108:
14468:
13379:
11404:
11231:
10643:
10389:"Victims absent from South Korea's 'comfort women' rally amid graft allegations over ex-leader"
9230:"Court dismisses comfort women's suit against government for signing 2015 agreement with Japan"
9125:"25 years of progress on comfort women issue 'wiped out' by new agreement" | english.hani.co.kr
8919:
8379:
6456:
5325:
4466:
Psychological Warfare Team Attached to U.S. Army Forces India-Burma Theater (October 1, 1944).
4336:
4219:
is a 2016 documentary about three former comfort women seeking justice and stating their story.
4207:
4172:
3901:
3886:
by Remedios Felias. This second book was written in the 1990s, after Lila Filipina was formed.
3793:
3017:
2893:
2874:
2765:
2584:
2580:
2216:
2185:
1690:
1431:
1343:
1191:
915:
881:
876:
13037:
Film depicting horrors faced by 'comfort women' for Japan army tops Korea box office. (2016).
11043:
9833:
9070:"South Korea and Japan fail to reach breakthrough on comfort women issue" | english.hani.co.kr
7827:
7528:
6100:
5960:
3812:"adequate compensation for the women victims and their families from the Japanese government,"
3592:
On December 1, 2015, the first memorial hall dedicated to Chinese comfort women was opened in
19986:
19903:
19879:
19638:
19563:
18940:
18663:
18506:
18402:
18372:
18328:
18068:
18033:
18026:
17949:
17847:
17288:
17265:
17112:
16723:
16260:
16000:
15986:
15669:
14877:
US Congressional Resolution Calls on Japan to Accept Responsibility for Wartime Comfort Women
13863:
13636:
7425:
6378:
Comfort Women: A History of Japanese Forced Prostitution During the Second By Wallace Edwards
4957:
4771:
4351:, a documentary about Japanese women forced into prostitution in occupied territories in WWII
4067:
3498:
3070:
2365:
2052:
1907:
1820:
1805:
1487:
1475:
1221:
1206:
991:
766:
688:
659:
192:
16558:
15556:
9687:"The Burden of History: The Issue of "Comfort Women" and What Japan Must do to Move Forward"
9651:"The Burden of History: The Issue of "Comfort Women" and What Japan Must do to Move Forward"
9620:"The Burden of History: The Issue of "Comfort Women" and What Japan Must do to Move Forward"
9409:
8034:"The Burden of History: The Issue of "Comfort Women" and What Japan Must do to Move Forward"
4678:"The Burden of History: The Issue of "Comfort Women" and What Japan Must do to Move Forward"
19527:
19514:
19502:
19286:
19198:
19051:
18998:
18764:
18619:
18270:
18227:
18197:
18123:
17933:
17912:
16838:
16315:
15993:
15508:
15424:
14836:
14272:
14247:
14222:
14203:
14177:
14151:
14125:
12356:"Plans for SF 'comfort women' memorial move closer to reality – The San Francisco Examiner"
12096:
9319:
9165:
9147:"Diverse interests paved the way for historic comfort women agreement" | english.hani.co.kr
8804:
7785:
5895:
3956:
3946:
3660:
On August 14, 2018, the first 'comfort women' statue in Taiwan was unveiled in the city of
3513:
3083:
2339:
2286:
of 1904–1905, Japan's military closely regulated privately operated brothels in Manchuria.
2190:
2094:
2057:
1985:
1929:
1798:
1755:
1569:
1499:
1174:
954:
856:
740:
647:
376:
19739:
15275:
Thinking about the comfort women issue, Look squarely at essence of 'comfort women' issue.
14973:
14483:
13355:
Statement of Jan Ruff O'Herne AO, Subcommittee on Asia, Pacific and the Global Environment
12210:
9289:
5891:
5433:
8:
19971:
19596:
19551:
19175:
19133:
18882:
18656:
18534:
18490:
18012:
17146:
16912:
16439:
16269:
16253:
16202:
15063:
Comfort Woman: A Filipina's Story of Prostitution and Slavery Under the Japanese Military
15047:"Comfort woman: Slave of destiny", Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism: 1996.
14757:
13544:
The Comfort Women: Japan's Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War
13249:
13186:[ How did Japan distort the history of comfort women... Documentary 'Kokosuni'].
12895:
11699:
11370:"Japanese nationalist group apologises for member who kicked Taiwan comfort woman statue"
10163:"'It Is Not Coming Down': San Francisco Defends 'Comfort Women' Statue as Japan Protests"
8119:
7373:
Cal State J Med. 1914 Sep; 12(9): p373–375. The Dose of Salvarsan, Douglass W. Montgomery
7132:
6505:
4422:
4280:
documentary film by reporter Lee Seok-jae, on the revisionist histories of comfort women.
4090:
4007:
3963:
3527:
3283:
2778:
2757:
2693:
comfort women were used by Japanese male soldiers during their occupation of New Guinea.
2376:
2290:
1678:
1658:
1543:
1528:
1397:
1368:
1358:
1248:
1196:
1164:
961:
819:
787:
782:
735:
592:
341:
15274:
14297:(via the Alliance to Preserve the History of WWII in Asia – Los Angeles), archived from
13715:
13665:, Asia Perspectives, translation: Suzanne O'Brien, New York: Columbia University Press,
11283:
10344:
8446:"Atonement Project of the Asian Women's Fund, Projects by country or region-South Korea"
7887:
5286:"The Chinese Islamic "Goodwill Mission to the Middle East" During the Anti-Japanese War"
4931:"Press Conference: Latest research on Japan's military sexual slavery ("comfort women")"
2338:
wrote that a major issue was that no historian had examined whether the soldiers of the
19846:
19703:
19569:
19520:
18875:
18708:
18633:
18587:
18557:
18465:
18305:
17970:
17854:
17748:
17699:
17637:
17393:
17344:
17153:
16777:
16432:
16230:
14946:
History of Comfort Women by the Washington Coalition for Comfort Women Issues – History
14813:
13822:
13801:
13748:
12805:
11983:
10566:
10167:
10103:
9698:
9662:
9631:
8984:"South Korea and Japan 'finally and irreversibly' reconcile on World War II sex slaves"
8053:
7824:
Essential consciousness of modern history: The minimum that Japanese people should know
7755:
7747:
7498:
6805:
6580:
5579:
5544:
4812:
4689:
4658:
4251:
4215:
4187:
3929:
In 2010, the first American monument dedicated to the comfort women was established in
3318:
3192:
2850:
2283:
1924:
1770:
1745:
1735:
1700:
1695:
1663:
1628:
1621:
1562:
1555:
1412:
1231:
1226:
1216:
986:
839:
797:
792:
745:
713:
703:
640:
129:
56:
52:
15598:
13901:
13882:
13183:
10530:"Survivor of wartime sexual slavery calls on S. Korean government to pursue UN action"
9350:"South Korean court orders Japan to pay "comfort women," WWII sex slaves, reparations"
9089:
8859:
8829:
8464:
4297:
1921 International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children
3884:
The Hidden Battle of Leyte: The Picture Diary of a Girl Taken by the Japanese Military
3118:, demanding that the Japanese government apologize to Taiwanese “comfort women”, 2019.
861:
807:
19810:
19663:
19317:
19145:
18866:
18750:
18640:
18580:
18541:
18474:
18456:
18422:
18365:
18319:
18263:
18088:
17826:
17818:
17755:
17608:
17202:
16734:
16195:
16174:
15884:
15285:
15251:
15233:
15215:
15181:
15154:
15146:
15124:
15109:
15092:
15068:
15061:
15048:
15044:
15027:
14606:
13805:
13691:
13666:
13648:
13622:
13601:
13577:
13548:
13528:
13506:
13472:
13437:
13414:
13306:
13266:
12121:
12047:
11210:
11053:
10942:
10751:
9891:
9586:
9447:
8988:
8045:
7924:
7919:
7892:
7831:
7759:
7739:
7646:
7636:
7599:
7589:
7490:
7429:
7356:
7346:
6809:
6750:
6680:
6629:
6584:
6432:
6235:
6210:
6141:
6104:
6093:
6026:
5583:
5548:
5329:
5201:
5174:
5087:
4804:
4662:
4411:
4331:
4153:
4050:
3955:
On August 16, 2014, a new memorial statue honoring the comfort women was unveiled in
3856:
3342:
3338:
3204:
3196:
3074:
2654:
2518:
2426:
verifying the Japanese Army as the funding agency for purchasing some comfort women.
2012:
1730:
1725:
1668:
1653:
1633:
1455:
1450:
1385:
1348:
1181:
1147:
976:
829:
718:
597:
322:
19545:
15627:
15617:
13359:
12601:
12012:"Bergen County marks International Women's Day with Korean 'comfort women' memorial"
11647:
11156:
11130:
7176:
4816:
4175:
is a 2009 Chinese movie written and directed by Lu Chuan. The movie is based on the
3975:
3832:"to conduct an official investigation and documentation of the comfort women issue,"
2990:
2397:
The South Korean government designated Bae Jeong-ja as a pro-Japanese collaborator (
2248:
personnel in an effort to prevent a worsening of anti-Japanese sentiment, to reduce
411:
19816:
19754:
19496:
19439:
18785:
18778:
18722:
18386:
18151:
18137:
18040:
17977:
17928:
17741:
17594:
17541:
17351:
17302:
17216:
16446:
16423:
15956:
15105:
13793:
13740:
12968:
10960:
9576:
7731:
7557:
7342:
Reproductive realities in modern China : birth control and abortion, 1911-2021
6797:
6570:
5842:"Documents detail how Imperial military forced Dutch females to be 'comfort women'"
5571:
5534:
4937:
4796:
4650:
4366:
4176:
4023:
3748:
3742:
3568:
3497:
The cause has long been supported beyond the victim nations, and associations like
3232:
3139:
3025:
3004:
2985:
2956:
2940:
2854:
2842:
2725:
2628:
2576:
2546:
2526:
2522:
2502:
2415:
2360:
2335:
2298:
2266:
2202:
1780:
1775:
1765:
1740:
1705:
1673:
1643:
1516:
1504:
1482:
1460:
1407:
1243:
1211:
513:
370:
277:
200:
15965:
15189:
14924:
Lawsuits against the Government of Japan filed by the survivors in Japanese Courts
14668:"Disputing Korean Narrative on 'Comfort Women,' a Professor Draws Fierce Backlash"
11105:"Taiwanese 'comfort woman' speaks out in Tokyo exhibition to raise WWII awareness"
10622:
10343:
The Asahi Shimbun Co. Third-Party Committee report (abridged). December 22, 2014.
9581:
9564:
8392:
8007:
6786:"The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on 'Comfort Women': A Critical Analysis"
6575:
6558:
5575:
5539:
5522:
4639:"The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on 'Comfort Women': A Critical Analysis"
3504:
Support in the United States continues to grow, particularly after the passage of
19633:
19508:
19340:
19261:
19203:
19180:
19138:
19103:
19009:
18808:
18520:
18435:
18393:
18291:
18234:
18102:
17884:
17875:
17404:
16986:
16962:
16216:
15532:
15419:
15363:
and Nariaki Nakayama's infamous comment comparing "comfort houses" and cafeterias
15339:
15321:
15245:
15209:
15086:
14992:
The Horrible History of the "Comfort Women" and the Fight to Suppress Their Story
14720:
14647:
14320:
14294:
14268:
14243:
14218:
14199:
14173:
14147:
14121:
13797:
13595:
13542:
13520:
13466:
13049:
13038:
12837:
12800:
12773:
12689:
12294:
12183:
12073:
11950:
11654:
11047:
10989:
10982:
10899:
10420:"Korea's 'Comfort Women' Movement Enriches the Activists but Ignores the Victims"
10350:
10018:
9964:
9896:
9153:
9131:
9094:
9076:
9057:
8739:
8501:
8399:
8254:
8188:
7960:
7394:
7383:
7272:
7162:
7139:
6670:
6393:
6366:
5846:
5812:
5748:
5743:
5497:
5440:
5319:
5081:
4385:
4235:
4158:
4123:
3914:
3909:
3705:
3701:
3394:
3390:
material compensation and an official apology for the continuing discrimination.
3012:
2658:
2534:
2257:
2111:
2002:
1997:
1750:
1720:
1715:
1438:
1402:
1201:
1119:
824:
570:
422:
383:
19744:
19718:
19334:
18920:
15488:
15390:"Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women"
15327:
15174:
Comparative Connections, A Quarterly e-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations
14290:'Comfort women' issue resolved: Noda '65 treaty cited on eve of first Seoul trip
14026:"Human rights: Chad, women's rights in Saudi Arabia, Japan's wartime sex slaves"
7219:
7090:"Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women"
6713:
282:
19897:
19626:
19616:
19533:
19460:
19404:
19378:
18815:
18351:
18277:
16329:
16188:
14539:
14005:
13979:
13404:
9015:
8133:
4437:
4313:
4259:
about a Singaporean woman forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese occupiers.
4192:
3603:
In June 2016, the Research Center for Chinese Comfort Women was established at
3552:
3441:
public donations through the protests while spending little money aiding them.
3313:
In publications around 2007, Japanese historian and Nihon University professor
3224:
3211:
3123:
3030:
2905:
2818:, most of the Australian nurses captured were raped before they were murdered.
2620:
2506:
2387:
2307:
2294:
2293:
in 1932 as a response to wholesale rape of Chinese women by Japanese soldiers.
2253:
2195:
2089:
981:
622:
580:
416:
109:
15456:, song about comfort women composed by Mu Ting Zhang and directed by Po En Lee
15445:
15366:
15350:
14744:
12866:
10498:"South Korea charges former 'comfort women' activist with fraud, embezzlement"
9983:"U.S. academics condemn Japanese efforts to revise history of 'comfort women'"
7360:
6972:
6945:
6801:
6298:
6175:
4800:
4654:
244:
19950:
19886:
The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan
19723:
19708:
19016:
18983:
18626:
16400:
16239:
15515:
15279:
15185:
14782:
13784:
Wender, Mellisa (2003). "Military Comfort Women: Doing Justice to the Past".
13618:
The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan
13358:, Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, archived from
13310:
11867:
10691:"Clinton says 'comfort women' should be referred to as 'enforced sex slaves'"
10534:
10196:"South Koreans Welcome Decision to Maintain 'Comfort Women' Statue in Berlin"
9931:
9809:
The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan
9590:
9451:
8266:
8049:
7857:
7743:
7735:
7603:
7585:
The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan
7494:
6429:
The Real Tenko: Extraordinary True Stories of Women Prisoners of the Japanese
5444:
4256:
3894:
3841:"to provide material support for the victims, survivors, and their families."
3788:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3249:
3152:
3130:
2967:
2815:
2643:
2572:
2494:
2407:
2348:
2133:
2062:
1492:
1267:
1097:
1087:
871:
521:
19916:
Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery
19220:
14950:
14875:
14857:
13487:
The Three Alls Policy and the Northern Chinese Regional Army (「三光作戦」と北支那方面軍)
12515:"Fort Lee students give voice to 'comfort women' abused during World War II"
11575:"South Korea Signals End to 'Final' Deal With Japan Over Wartime Sex Slaves"
9219:
9194:
9166:"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women"
8421:
8191:"Papers prove Japan forced women into second world war brothels, says China"
7650:
5459:"Papers prove Japan forced women into second world war brothels, says China"
4784:
3307:
Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery
3035:
19621:
19368:
19345:
18925:
18729:
17029:
16934:
16565:
15928:
15692:
14769:
13494:
12941:
12454:
12417:"Memorialize wartime sex slaves known as 'comfort women,' or just move on?"
12326:"'Comfort Women' Statue in San Francisco Leads a Japanese City to Cut Ties"
11485:
10946:
9224:
9222:
8494:
7479:"The Politics of an Apology: Japan and Resolving the "Comfort Women" Issue"
7340:
6332:
6267:
5463:
4808:
4396:
4341:
4109:
4038:
In 2016, the first statue in Canada devoted to comfort women was placed in
3860:
3846:
3535:
3382:
3314:
3287:
3228:
3156:
3135:
3129:
On December 28, 2015, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and South Korean President
2901:
2870:
2808:
2761:
2760:, taken shortly before she, her mother and sisters, and thousands of other
2721:
2624:
2558:
2270:
2244:
2138:
1975:
1951:
1857:
1850:
1581:
1109:
1082:
1045:
1023:
910:
627:
607:
585:
575:
565:
560:
550:
455:
428:
328:
117:
15618:"Letter from Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to the former comfort women"
14340:"FOCUS: Amnesty's European 'comfort women' campaign makes steady progress"
14095:
Japanese opposition calls on prime minister to acknowledge WWII sex slaves
13663:
Comfort Women. Sexual Slavery in the Japanese Military During World War II
12260:"Brookhaven To Unveil 'Comfort Women' Statue, Despite Japanese Opposition"
8306:
7954:
Asahi Shimbun admits errors in past 'comfort women' stories August 5, 2014
7583:
7299:
Choi, Chungmoo (1998), 'Nationalism and Construction of Gender in Korea',
6672:
Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery in the Japanese Military During World War II
4570:"Special Issue: The 'Comfort Women' as Public History (Table of Contents)"
3866:
These groups have made demonstrations in front of the Japanese embassy in
1390:
19470:
18564:
18550:
18212:
16888:
16709:
16694:
16048:
14758:"International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Chapter 8) – Judgment"
13926:
11670:
11263:
10314:
9538:
9504:"PM Suga upholds Japan's apologies for wartime aggression, comfort women"
8378:(in Japanese). The Mainichi Newspapers. February 27, 2014. Archived from
7950:
7630:
7556:
Higashi, Julie; Field, Norma; Yamaguchi, Tomomi; Veki, Yoshikata (2015).
5816:
5502:
5491:
Stance on 'comfort women' undermines fight to end wartime sexual violence
4244:
4228:
4223:
4116:
4105:
4097:
4063:
3999:
3879:
3851:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and Children
3752:
3718:
3540:
3421:
3353:
3236:
3179:
3092:
in 1993. On March 27 the Japanese parliament issued an official apology.
2999:
2928:
2830:
2738:
2550:
1980:
1968:
1321:
1124:
1114:
1072:
886:
149:
145:
13826:
13105:
13061:
13024:
12628:"'Comfort woman' who was repeatedly raped by Japanese troops dies at 96"
11314:"Taipei says activist kicking 'comfort woman' memorial was unacceptable"
9702:
9686:
9666:
9650:
9635:
9619:
9534:"South Korea court overturns Japan's immunity from 'comfort women' suit"
8057:
8033:
7751:
7719:
7502:
7478:
5128:
4693:
4677:
4494:
3231:. Additionally, the court ordered Japan's government to pay 200 million
19601:
19480:
19373:
17919:
17672:
17651:
16544:
15877:
15805:
15360:
13752:
12856:
8924:
7001:"PHOTOS: Why These World War II Sex Slaves Are Still Demanding Justice"
4375:
4199:
4022:
In March 2017, the first comfort women statue in Europe was elected in
3635:
Survivors' claims against the Japan government have been backed by the
3620:
2936:
2823:
2681:
2331:
2128:
1425:
1129:
996:
433:
287:
169:
165:
15465:
15384:
A Public Betrayed – Comfort Women—The Asian Sex Slaves of World War II
15012:(excerpt in English). Translated from Japanese version. July 20, 2018.
13158:"'Tomorrow' Episode 13: SF9 Rowoon Part of a Comfort Women's Survival"
12716:
12450:"Osaka drops San Francisco as sister city over 'comfort women' statue"
11868:"The house where the Philippines' forgotten 'comfort women' were held"
10132:"Osaka drops San Francisco as sister city over 'comfort women' statue"
10012:'Comfort women': anger as Japan paper alters description of WWII terms
9767:"Nationalistic Remarks From Japan Lead to Warnings of Chill With U.S."
9473:"Suga upholds Japan's apologies for wartime aggression, comfort women"
8189:
Justin McCurry in Tokyo; Jonathan Kaiman in Beijing (April 28, 2014).
6099:(First ed.). New York London: W.W. Norton & Company. p.
4712:"Apology Politics: Japan and South Korea's Dispute over Comfort Women"
4169:
is a 1998 documentary about the stories of 13 comfort women in Taiwan.
3615:
3301:
In early 2001, in a controversy involving national public broadcaster
19822:
19098:
18182:
17587:
17384:
17195:
16993:
16948:
12919:"Filipino 'comfort woman' leading her group's quest for justice dies"
12487:
10799:"Call for Apology | Netherlands Adopts Resolution on 'Comfort Women'"
10771:"House of Commons passes motion recognizing Japanese 'comfort women'"
10061:
9260:"New apology from Japan needed over "comfort women": S. Korea's Moon"
8445:
8324:
7533:
6398:
5739:"Japan's Wartime Sex Slave Exhibition Exposes Darkness in East Timor"
3598:
Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
3161:
3143:
3043:
2554:
2510:
2493:. Women who were used for military "comfort stations" also came from
2434:
2406:
In 2014, China produced almost 90 documents from the archives of the
2371:
2319:
1373:
1038:
900:
317:
161:
133:
16469:
15412:
15312:
Digital Museum of The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund
15264:
Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashii "Comfort Women: Beyond Litigious Feminism"
15165:
Przystup, James (July 2007). Glosserman, Brad; Namkung, Sun (eds.).
14990:
14602:
Comfort station originated in govt-regulated 'civilian prostitution'
14581:"Dutch parliament demands Japanese compensation for "comfort women""
13744:
13690:] (in Chinese) (Di 1 ban ed.). Shanghai Shudian Chubanshe.
12067:"A California statue stirs passions in South Korea and ire in Japan"
11513:"S. Korea unveils 'comfort women' monument on national memorial day"
10747:"Glendale unveils 'comfort women' statue, honors 'innocent victims'"
10721:"White House: Japan should do more to address 'comfort women' issue"
8307:"Establishment of the AW Fund, and the basic nature of its projects"
6559:"The study of "comfort women": Revealing a hidden past—introduction"
6359:
6268:"Digital Museum: The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund"
5523:"The study of "comfort women": Revealing a hidden past—introduction"
4569:
4525:
3825:
From the Philippine government Lila Pilipina also has five demands:
3405:
3387:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
2798:
Suki Falconberg, a comfort women survivor, shared her experiences:
2533:) and other Japanese-occupied territories. Stations were located in
1055:
19606:
19586:
16453:
16181:
15135:
14716:
Comfort women used to prevent military revolt during war: historian
12149:"Comfort Women Memorial Peace Garden Unveiled in Northern Virginia"
12092:"Glendale wins legal battle over monument to WW II 'comfort women'"
11979:"In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity"
11400:"'Comfort women' statue installed near Japanese consulate in Busan"
10895:"U.N. issues fresh call to Japan over World War II 'comfort women'"
10099:"In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity"
9141:
9139:
8515:
5285:
4495:"Who were the Comfort Women?-The Establishment of Comfort Stations"
4272:
4027:
3966:
unveiled a statue memorializing the Comfort Women of World War II.
3802:
3783:
3334:
World War II as "necessary", so that soldiers could "have a rest".
2960:
2769:
2541:, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaya, Thailand, Burma, New Guinea,
2498:
2445:
2399:
2391:
1963:
1521:
1465:
1417:
1077:
922:
777:
683:
19733:
15413:
Nakamura, Akemi; Ikuhiko Hata; Yoshiaki Yoshimi (March 20, 2007).
15311:
14969:
Letter from Prime Minister to the former comfort women, since 1996
11608:
11463:"South Korea's new president questions Japan 'comfort women' deal"
9119:
9117:
7724:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
7177:"Bangka Island: The WW2 massacre and a 'truth too awful to speak'"
4776:
3775:
3445:
charges including fraud, embezzlement and breach of trust.
2369:(Naval military police) – forced women whose fathers attacked the
19835:
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea
13289:
12685:"Former 'Comfort Women' Hold 1,000th Protest at Japanese Embassy"
10502:
10292:, Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., p. 499, supra note 6,
6254:
5611:, case no.43, serial 2, International Prosecution Section vol. 8;
4869:
4530:
Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund
4499:
Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund
4039:
3905:
3890:
3593:
3242:
2684:
were also used as comfort women. Local women were recruited from
2568:
2449:
2441:
1946:
1028:
708:
525:
18982:
15306:
15039:
Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science
14461:"FACTBOX-Disputes over Japan's wartime "comfort women" continue"
14239:
Files: Females forced into sexual servitude in wartime Indonesia
13597:
Sino-Japanese relations: facing the past, looking to the future?
13523:, in Duus, Peter; Myers, Ramon Hawley; Peattie, Mark R. (eds.),
12290:"SF Chinese American-led comfort women memorial to undergo vote"
11541:
9440:"South Korea court dismisses 'comfort women' case against Japan"
9136:
8953:"Japan–ROK comfort women agreement a key step to reconciliation"
4119:(1927–97); Remedios Felias (1928–); Isabelita Vinuya (1931–2021)
3653:
In December 2016, a museum dedicated to comfort women opened in
3268:
binding and therefore does not feel obligated to act upon them.
2752:
19296:
17063:
15661:
15545:, issue on American studies of comfort women, Kandice Chuh, ed.
15470:
14856:. Washington Coalition for Comfort Women Issues. Archived from
12937:"Profile: Taiwanese former 'comfort woman' dies before apology"
12545:"First 'comfort women' statue in Europe is unveiled in Germany"
12117:"Federal judge upholds 'comfort women' statue in Glendale park"
11733:"Filipino comfort women stage protest outside Japanese embassy"
11078:"New exhibition on Taiwanese 'comfort women' to open in Taipei"
10775:
9114:
9062:
8376:"Atonement money for Comfort women: 30% lower Koreans accepted"
6546:
Comfort Women and Sex in the Battle Zone, By Ikuhiko Hata, 2018
6453:"Interview: Dutch foundation urges Japan to pay honorary debts"
5774:""Japanese Troops Took Locals as Comfort Women": International"
4059:
3867:
3661:
3654:
3624:
3543:
had also spoken out in support of comfort women several times.
3481:
3291:
2915:
treaty which normalised relations between Japan and South Korea
2838:
2685:
2674:
2596:
1648:
1470:
1050:
1033:
895:
730:
698:
305:
15656:
15347:(from the South Korean Ministry of Gender and Family Equality)
15009:
Diary of a Japanese Military Comfort Station (Brothel) Manager
14694:"European Parliament speaks out on sexual slavery during WWII"
12833:"Former Korean 'comfort woman' prepares lawsuit against Japan"
11544:"South Korea Shuts Japanese-Funded 'Comfort Women' Foundation"
11433:"Why this statue of a young girl caused a diplomatic incident"
11003:"Memorial hall for 'comfort women' opens to public in Nanjing"
2473:
quotes "estimates of historians of 100,000 to 200,000 women."
2390:
as evidence of a forced mass prostitution incident in 1944 in
17251:
15332:
14098:, International Herald Tribune, March 7, 2007, archived from
13761:
12862:
Life As A "Comfort Woman": Story of Kim Bok-Dong | Asian Boss
12319:
12317:
9927:"Hashimoto says 'comfort women' were a necessary part of war"
9565:"Themes of the "comfort women" and "we" in K. Min's Herstory"
9090:"South Korea: Watch 'Comfort' Woman Yell At Foreign Minister"
6974:
Fedencia narrates her hardships as a comfort woman | Iba 'Yan
4211:
is a 2016 South Korean period drama film about comfort women.
3983:
3979:
3714:
3697:
3640:
3148:
2792:
2561:
women alone, with an unknown number of other European women.
2327:
2315:
905:
891:
866:
157:
153:
141:
137:
15459:
15368:
Japan forced women to work as sex slaves during World War II
13430:
Researching Japanese War Crimes Records. Introductory Essays
12961:
12801:"Number of surviving Korean sex slavery victims falls to 40"
12229:"Korea Times: Michigan City Installs Comfort Women Memorial"
8411:
Estimated at January 1, 2007, exchange rate of .0084JPY/USD.
5657:"The Origins and Implementation of the Comfort Women System"
5197:
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
4612:"The Origins and Implementation of the Comfort Women System"
2822:
the Army's order to hire only voluntary women. Victims from
2289:
Comfort houses were first established in Shanghai after the
19922:
United States House of Representatives House Resolution 121
14435:"EU passes resolution on Japanese-enslaved 'comfort women'"
13844:"Canada MPs demand Japan apologize to WWII 'comfort women'"
11049:
Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage'
7817:
6297:. International Institute for Asian Studies. Archived from
6207:
Japan's Gestapo: Murder, Mayhem and Torture in Wartime Asia
5048:"Opinion | the Comfort Women and Japan's War on Truth"
4402:
United States House of Representatives House Resolution 121
3779:
Historical Marker, Plaza Lawton, Liwasang Bonifacio, Manila
3506:
United States House of Representatives House Resolution 121
3431:
772:
602:
97:
19853:
Special Law to Redeem Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property
14696:. Amnesty international. December 13, 2007. Archived from
12314:
12043:"Lawsuit seeks removal of Glendale 'comfort women' statue"
11227:"Taiwan Unveils Its First Statue Honoring 'Comfort Women'"
11157:"Taiwan urges Japan to apologize over comfort women issue"
9892:"No evidence sex slaves were taken by military: Hashimoto"
8250:"Seoul Demanded $ 364 Million for Japan's Victims Updated"
7888:"Thinking about the comfort women issueに関するトピックス:朝日新聞デジタル"
3038:
stated that Japan continues to uphold the Kono Statement.
2481:
Most of the women were from occupied countries, including
15415:"Comfort Women: Were they teen-rape slaves or paid pros?"
14398:"No Apology for Sex Slavery, Japan's Prime Minister Says"
13976:""Comfort Women" Resolution Likely to Pass U.S. Congress"
11131:"Taiwan demands Japan's apology over comfort women issue"
10257:"PH failed to aid World War II 'comfort women' – UN body"
9861:"Japan's new drift: Neo-conservative or neo-imperialist?"
8164:"Japan, S Korea coordinated on wording of Kono statement"
7555:
7382:
Rhee Devine, Maija. (2017). Children of 'comfort women'.
7345:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
5590:
3366:
On August 18, 2018, United Nations rights experts and UN
3302:
2927:
An early figure in comfort women research was the writer
2599:
by the Japanese to work as 'comfort girls' for the troops
14835:, Japan Policy Research Institute (JPRI), archived from
11850:"Philippines' Former Comfort Women Push For Compnsation"
10932:
8134:"Japan to review lead-up to WW2 comfort women statement"
6816:
6479:"Taiwan seeking redress over 'comfort women' from Japan"
5609:
Burning of Confidential Documents by Japanese Government
4470:(Report). National Archives and Records Administration.
3325:
In 2012, the former mayor of Osaka and co-leader of the
3095:
2781:
testified to a U.S. House of Representatives committee:
116:
in occupied countries and territories before and during
15579:"Diplomatic Bluebook 2019 / The Issue of Comfort Women"
15167:"Japan-China Relations: Wen in Japan: Ice Melting But."
14504:"Abe ignores evidence, say Australia's 'comfort women'"
14028:. Europees Parlement. December 13, 2007. Archived from
11824:"Lawyer to take case of Filipino 'comfort women' to UN"
11183:"Film on Taiwanese comfort women wins Gold Panda award"
9834:"Japan's paradoxical shift to the right • Inside Story"
8547:
8545:
8221:"Diplomatic Bluebook 2019 / The Issue of Comfort Women"
7974:"Rewriting the War, Japanese Right Attacks a Newspaper"
7806:「本に真実を書いても何の利益もない。事実を隠し自分の主張を混ぜて書くなんていうのは、新聞だってやるじゃないか」
7663:韓国挺身隊問題対策協議会・挺身隊研究会 (編)『証言・強制連行された朝鮮人軍慰安婦たち』 明石書店 1993年
6947:
Filipino comfort women fight to seek justice | Iba 'Yan
6714:"Taiwan's last 'comfort woman' survivor dies at age 92"
4705:
4703:
3449:
Korean Council between November 2017 and January 2020.
3259:
Japan has largely disregarded recommendations from the
3151:. The announcement came after Japan's Foreign Minister
3053:
3007:
discovered official documents from the archives of the
2860:
2611:
and other sources, the majority of the women were from
16323:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
14965:
14143:
Sex slave history erased from texts; '93 apology next?
13769:"NHK's Censorship of Japanese Crimes Against Humanity"
13716:"Sexual Slavery and the Comfort Women of World War II"
13248:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, archived from
11542:
Kim Tong-Hyung, Associated Press (November 21, 2018).
11430:
10961:"Shanghai Opens Comfort Women Archives – china.org.cn"
10289:
Compensation for Japan's World War II War-Rape Victims
10062:"The "Comfort Women" Issue and the Asian Women's Fund"
9043:
9041:
9016:"Japan and South Korea agree WW2 'comfort women' deal"
8797:"Abe says won't alter 1993 apology on 'comfort women'"
8584:"Japan Apologizes for Prostitution of Koreans in WWII"
8554:"Japan Admits Army Forced Koreans to Work in Brothels"
8359:
8325:"The "Comfort Women" Issue and the Asian Women's Fund"
8289:
8287:
5892:"The Allied Reoccupation of the Andaman Islands, 1945"
5164:
5162:
5029:
5027:
5025:
4523:
4492:
4407:
United States Military and prostitution in South Korea
4070:
then agreed to install the statue outside his church,
183:
15088:
True stories of the Korean comfort women: testimonies
14832:
Japan's Responsibility Toward Comfort Women Survivors
14762:
Hyperwar, a hypertext history of the Second World War
13647:] (in Indonesian), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia,
13121:"How We Disappeared: An Interview with Jing-Jing Lee"
10935:
The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences
9605:"The Politics of Apology for Japan's 'Comfort Women'"
8773:. Associated Press. February 20, 2014. Archived from
6828:
6746:
Supranational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence
6630:"The Comfort Women Controversy - Lessons from Taiwan"
4010:
has been controversial and was undecided as of 2017.
3368:
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
504:
15543:
Journal of Asian American Studies 6:1, February 2003
14902:, The Australian National University, archived from
14737:
The "Comfort Women" Issue and the Asian Women's Fund
14001:
Comfort Women Were 'Raped': U.S. Ambassador to Japan
13000:"'Comfort women' film reels given to film institute"
10889:
10887:
9921:
9919:
9811:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 23–24.
8542:
8370:
8368:
5457:
McCurry, Justin; Kaiman, Jonathan (April 28, 2014).
5147:
4700:
4468:
Japanese Prisoner of War Interrogation Report No. 49
1903:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
19:"Comfort woman" redirects here. For other uses, see
15247:
Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes In World War Ii
14117:
Sex slave exhibition exposes darkness in East Timor
13982:(English edition). February 2, 2007. Archived from
13942:"Memoir of comfort woman tells of 'hell for women'"
13184:"[이번주 개봉영화] 일본은 위안부 역사를 어떻게 왜곡했나…다큐 '코코순이'"
11340:"KMT caucus criticizes 'inaction' over statue case"
9814:
9558:
9556:
9038:
8982:Adelstein, Jake; Kubo, Angela (December 28, 2015).
8284:
7084:
7082:
6599:"Group urges update to textbooks' WWII terminology"
5159:
5129:"War, Rape and Patriarchy: The Japanese experience"
5086:. London: Routledge (published 2003). p. 172.
5022:
3939:In 2013, a memorial statue to comfort women called
2433:, examined the Japanese Kwantung Army's records in
15328:Korea Dutch Indies Sex Slavery Translation Project
15060:
14074:Japan refuses to apologise for WW2 brothel scandal
12080:. January 29, 2014. Retrieved on February 1, 2014.
9372:
9312:
9282:
6503:
6333:"Women made to become comfort women – Netherlands"
6092:
4433:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan#Comfort women issue
4227:is a 2017 South Korean comedy-drama film starring
2688:as comfort women, along with some number of mixed
2403:) in September 2007 for recruiting comfort women.
15409:– describes the experience of Jan O'Herne in Java
14008:(English edition), March 19, 2007, archived from
13998:
12747:"WWII 'comfort woman' demands apology from Japan"
12659:""Comfort Woman" Ellen van der Ploeg passed away"
12179:"Michigan latest to install comfort woman statue"
11760:"'Comfort Women' Are Old Now, But Still Fighting"
10884:
10446:"Civic group raided over 'comfort women' scandal"
10363:"House of Sharing faces whistleblower complaints"
10032:"Japan must do more for WWII 'comfort women': UN"
9916:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9320:"Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary"
9290:"Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary"
8735:"Top 10 National Apologies: Japanese Sex Slavery"
8365:
7283:
7281:
6736:
6074:
5866:""Comfort Woman" Ellen van der Ploeg passed away"
5321:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II
3463:
3406:Asahi Shimbun Third-Party Investigative Committee
2904:cultures such as those of China and Korea, where
19948:
14713:
14623:"Japan rules out new apology to 'comfort women'"
14417:"Denial Reopens Wounds of Japan's Ex-Sex Slaves"
14379:"Cartoon of Wartime 'Comfort Women' Irks Taiwan"
14236:
14195:Evidence documenting sex-slave coercion revealed
13527:, Princeton University Press, pp. 305–323,
13373:
12634:. Australian Associated Press. August 21, 2019.
11259:"1st 'comfort women' statue installed in Taiwan"
10745:Levine, Brittany; Wells, Jason (July 30, 2013).
10472:"Yoon Mee-hyang suspended from Democratic Party"
9553:
9402:
8551:
7079:
6668:
5408:
5033:
3904:' statue by artist Jonas Roces was installed in
3559:(PTSD), even 60 years after the end of the war.
2018:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
15653:(1944, United States Office of War Information)
15557:"Japan's Efforts on the Issue of Comfort Women"
15535:: Book review, Japan Policy Research Institute
15208:Schellstede, Sangmie Choi; Yu, Soon Mi (2000).
14342:. Kyodo News. November 24, 2007. Archived from
14214:East Timor former sex slaves start speaking out
14077:, Irish Examiner, March 8, 2007, archived from
13335:. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from
11946:"'Comfort woman' statue removed in Philippines"
11886:"'Comfort woman' statue not an insult vs Japan"
11460:
10637:""Stop violence against women: "Comfort Women""
10585:"ICD - Vinuya v. Philippines - Asser Institute"
10024:
7558:"'Comfort Women' Denial and the Japanese Right"
7259:
6146:"Behind the Story: The Legacy of Comfort Women"
4080:
19806:List of war apology statements issued by Japan
14459:
14414:
14395:
13464:
13137:
12483:"Fort Lee to revisit 'comfort women' memorial"
10920:Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
10615:"Justice for comfort women – our achievements"
10417:
10315:"Number of Comfort Stations and Comfort Women"
9673:
7278:
7165:, February 13, 2007, The Sydney Morning Herald
7121:
6176:"Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines"
5956:
5828:
4902:
4739:
4737:
4362:List of war apology statements issued by Japan
3582:
3243:Concerns and controversies regarding apologies
3122:On February 20, 2014, Chief Cabinet Secretary
3069:its complicity and created the public-private
3060:List of war apology statements issued by Japan
2595:Chinese and Malayan girls forcibly taken from
347:United Koreans in Japan official football team
71:
19250:
19236:
18968:
15677:
15657:Korea official website for sex slaves victims
15509:Responsibility Toward Comfort Women Survivors
15207:
15024:Forced Prostitution in Times of War and Peace
14896:The Consolation Unit: Comfort Women at Rabaul
14640:
13333:"Honda Testifies in Support of Comfort Women"
13299:Handelingen Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal
11572:
11456:
11454:
11431:Sol Han; James Griffiths (February 6, 2017).
10917:
10870:"The Pope's Verdict on Japan's Comfort Women"
8981:
8950:
8006:. 時事ドットコムニュース. March 12, 2021. Archived from
7632:Legacies of the comfort women of World War II
7629:Stetz, Margaret D.; Oh, Bonnie B. C. (2001).
6874:
6872:
6870:
5806:The Consolation Unit: Comfort Women at Rabaul
5456:
5393:
5391:
4526:"Hall I: Japanese Military and Comfort Women"
2703:
2583:'s "comfort battalions" is interviewed by an
2469:The BBC quotes "200,000 to 300,000", and the
2224:
485:
51:Korean comfort women being questioned by the
19868:
19859:Museum of Japanese Colonial History in Korea
14599:
13922:'Comfort women' distortion stirs indignation
12894:. Filipinas Heritage Library. Archived from
12602:"The big row over a small Australian statue"
11664:
11662:
11284:"日本人が台湾の慰安婦像を蹴る、安倍首相のフェイスブックに謝罪要求コメント殺到―台湾紙"
10981:. Page 8. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
10740:
10738:
10254:
8767:"Japan may review probe on WWII sex slavery"
7875:궁지에 몰린 요시다는 "일부 사례의 시간.장소에는 창작이 가미됐다"고 털어놨다.
6056:
5324:. Cambridge University Press. 2013. p.
5123:
5121:
5119:
4303:Diary of a Japanese Military Brothel Manager
4191:is a 2012 documentary by Canadian filmmaker
4093:(1923–2019); Ellen van der Ploeg (1923–2013)
3758:
3471:
3393:Based on a statement made by Representative
2023:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
20022:Sexual violence in Asia during World War II
19729:Japanese General Government Building, Seoul
19674:List of militant independence organizations
15440:Friends of "Comfort Women" Australia (FCWA)
14620:
14583:. Xinhau. November 21, 2007. Archived from
14264:U.S. got Abe to drop denial over sex slaves
13351:
12480:
12211:"comfort women statue unveiled in Michigan"
11821:
11727:
11725:
11208:"Museum on comfort women opens in Taipei".
11041:
10971:
10848:"Pope Francis Meets Korean 'Comfort Women'"
10744:
10418:Carmona-Borjas, Robert (November 4, 2020).
9858:
9384:Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)
9324:Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)
9294:Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)
8427:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. p. 29.
8166:. Nikkei Inc. June 20, 2014. Archived from
8096:"衆議院議員辻元清美君提出安倍首相の「慰安婦」問題への認識に関する質問に対する答弁書"
7529:"우리가 잊은 할머니들…국내 첫 커밍아웃 이남님, 타이에서 가족 찾은 노수복"
6878:
6621:
5768:
5766:
5516:
5514:
5512:
4880:
4878:
4734:
3684:
3088: (equivalent to $ 4,299 in 2023) each.
19243:
19229:
18975:
18961:
15684:
15670:
15504:Hayashi Hirofumi's papers on comfort women
14756:Clancey, Patrick, ed. (November 1, 1948),
14563:"Ex-Japanese PM Denies Setting Up Brothel"
14544:"Japan's Abe: No Proof of WWII Sex Slaves"
14520:
14358:
14286:
14261:
13900:
13881:
13775:, vol. VI, no. 1, archived from
13678:
12855:
12572:"Hidden Toronto: the Comfort Woman Statue"
11788:
11735:. Kyodo News International. Archived from
11451:
11021:"'Comfort women' museum opens in Shanghai"
10845:
10285:
9087:
8732:
8213:
8076:
7411:
7117:
7115:
6867:
6742:
6711:
6095:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History
6025:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 4.
5596:
5388:
5173:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 1.
4912:
4907:
4782:
4461:
4459:
4054:Statue of Peace at Ashfield Uniting Church
3305:, what was supposed to be coverage of the
3279:Neo Gomanism Manifesto Special – On Taiwan
2998:compensation in a June 1991 Diet session,
2456:
2231:
2217:
492:
478:
45:
19928:Japan–South Korea Comfort Women Agreement
19781:Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine
14650:, June 9, 2012, p. 2, archived from
14312:
14210:
14191:
14165:
14139:
14113:
13963:Japan court rules against 'comfort women'
13940:
13919:
13635:
13547:, W W Norton & Company Incorporated,
13465:Gamble, Adam; Watanabe, Takesato (2004),
13211:
13138:Blumberg-Kason, Susan (August 29, 2019).
12481:Shkolnikova, Svetlana (August 21, 2017).
11659:
11102:
10735:
9580:
9189:
9187:
8894:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)
8803:. Reuters. March 14, 2014. Archived from
8726:
8576:
8513:
7421:The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social
7338:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7254:
7243:
7174:
6916:
6914:
6901:
6899:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6574:
6534:
6510:East Timor & Indonesia Action Network
6422:
6420:
6232:The Romance of K'tut Tantri and Indonesia
6209:. Pen & Sword Military. p. 104.
5643:
5538:
5447:, 2007.09.17. "日本軍慰安婦を募集したことで悪名高いベ・ジョンジャ"
5419:
5397:
5290:Dîvân Disiplinlerarasi Çalişmalar Dergisi
5116:
5012:
5010:
4917:
4393:, military prostitution in occupied Japan
3704:visited South Korea. In December 2011, a
3265:Women's International War Crimes Tribunal
3178:In January 2018, South Korea's president
3102:Japan–South Korea Comfort Women Agreement
2869:Comfort women were usually injected with
2466:of comfort women as "more than 200,000".
19387:
15164:
15143:American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa
15108:"Comfort Woman", London, Penguin: 1998.
14768:
14665:
14316:202 Pro-Japanese Collaborators Disclosed
14169:Were they teen-rape slaves or paid pros?
14049:
13846:. AFP. November 28, 2007. Archived from
13812:
13766:
13730:
13503:Comfort women and sex in the battlefield
13484:
12916:
12717:"House Approves 'Comfort Women' Measure"
12104:from the original on September 24, 2015.
12009:
11757:
11722:
10967:from the original on September 23, 2015.
9958:"Comfort women and Japan's war on truth"
9889:
9795:
9752:
9200:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
9168:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
9123:english.hani.co.kr - December 30, 2015:
8824:
8822:
7588:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7464:
7452:
7303:ed. Kim & Choi. Routledge, New York.
7073:
7061:
6998:
6920:
6905:
6779:
6777:
6339:from the original on September 23, 2015.
6234:. Equinox Publishing. pp. 123–125.
6124:
6122:
6120:
5992:"Cold Comfort: Peipei Qiu Bears Witness"
5989:
5801:
5799:
5763:
5712:"Women and World War II – Comfort Women"
5509:
5361:
5153:
4962:
4875:
4844:
4722:
4348:Karayuki-san, the Making of a Prostitute
4322:German military brothels in World War II
4161:where there are scenes of comfort women.
4077:. He said, "It's finally found a home."
4049:
4006:A 2010 proposal to create a memorial in
3855:
3782:
3774:
3614:
3546:
3492:
3475:
3432:Fraud accusations against support groups
3256:, rendering these apologies unofficial.
3105:
2764:women and children were interned by the
2751:
2590:
2563:
2359:On April 17, 2007, Yoshiaki Yoshimi and
2028:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1893:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1873:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
32:. For their depiction in the arts, see
19801:Japanese history textbook controversies
15067:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
14755:
14376:
13713:
13660:
13641:Perawan Remaja dalam Cengkraman Militer
13410:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
13352:O'Herne, Jan Ruff (February 15, 2007),
13140:""How We Disappeared" by Jing-Jing Lee"
12845:from the original on December 26, 2015.
12757:from the original on December 28, 2015.
12569:
12447:
11585:from the original on September 19, 2019
11350:from the original on September 13, 2018
11320:from the original on September 13, 2018
10907:from the original on September 4, 2014.
10880:from the original on September 3, 2014.
10858:from the original on September 2, 2014.
10759:from the original on December 17, 2013.
10129:
9980:
9794:"None of them was forcibly recruited."
9764:
9715:
9330:from the original on September 25, 2020
9300:from the original on September 30, 2020
9207:from the original on September 10, 2017
9145:english.hani.co.kr - December 29, 2015:
9068:english.hani.co.kr - December 15, 2015:
9047:english.hani.co.kr - December 29, 2015:
8932:from the original on September 28, 2018
8890:"한·일 외교장관회담 결과(일본군위안부 피해자 문제 관련 합의 내용)"
8465:"Japan's divisive 'comfort women' fund"
7971:
7717:
7628:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7112:
6504:Jill Jolliffe Dili (November 3, 2001).
6485:from the original on September 26, 2017
6274:from the original on September 23, 2015
6229:
6090:
5977:
5620:
5614:
5271:
5259:
5249:
5232:
5214:from the original on September 23, 2023
4992:
4980:
4897:
4859:
4557:
4456:
4058:A comfort women statue was unveiled in
3921:after the Japanese embassy complained.
2887:
2605:State University of New York at Buffalo
19949:
17531:
17509:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
15526:Japan's Comfort Women, Theirs and Ours
15243:
15214:. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc.
15058:
15022:Drinck, Barbara and Gross, Chung-noh.
14988:
14921:
14892:
14873:
14482:
13783:
13560:
13525:The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931-1945
13027:. March 2017 – via www.imdb.com.
12979:from the original on December 16, 2021
12917:Calunsod, Ronron (November 24, 2021).
12813:from the original on November 13, 2022
12669:from the original on January 5, 2016.
12608:from the original on December 10, 2019
12582:from the original on December 12, 2022
12415:Knight, Heather (September 12, 2017).
12414:
12396:from the original on December 23, 2015
12366:from the original on December 23, 2015
12323:
12114:
12041:Levine, Brittany (February 22, 2014).
12040:
11991:from the original on February 20, 2016
11976:
11694:
11692:
11668:
11412:from the original on November 22, 2018
11066:from the original on February 8, 2016.
11031:from the original on October 23, 2016.
11009:from the original on December 2, 2015.
10579:
10577:
10570:(in Chinese (China)). August 14, 2024.
10510:from the original on November 18, 2021
10286:Parker, Karen; Chew, Jennifer (1994),
10255:Subingsubing, Krixia (March 9, 2023).
10160:
10096:
9776:from the original on February 20, 2014
9184:
9172:from the original on September 9, 2017
9026:from the original on December 28, 2015
8996:from the original on December 28, 2015
8870:from the original on November 29, 2018
8840:from the original on February 20, 2019
8614:"Japan makes apology to comfort women"
8590:. Associated Press. January 14, 1992.
8564:from the original on November 13, 2013
8514:Su, Zhiliang; Vickers, Edward (2021).
8452:from the original on October 29, 2013.
8144:from the original on February 28, 2014
8027:
8025:
7932:from the original on November 19, 2015
7826:] (in Japanese). PHP研究所 . p.
7713:
7711:
7610:from the original on December 11, 2019
7417:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7306:
7287:
7100:from the original on December 13, 2017
6911:
6896:
6840:
6516:from the original on September 5, 2019
6426:
6417:
6255:Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken 1994
6204:
6186:from the original on February 18, 2023
5925:
5920:
5561:
5372:
5076:
5045:
5016:
5007:
4870:Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken 1994
4474:from the original on February 15, 2021
4195:on the Japanese comfort women program.
4108:(1922–2017); Yoo Hee-nam (1927–2016);
3871:long ago and should not be forgotten.
2922:normalization of Japan-Korea relations
2476:
19558:Gwangju Student Independence Movement
19466:Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps
19224:
18956:
18380:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
17812:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
17458:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
17414:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
16519:Rape during the occupation of Germany
15665:
14524:WWII sex slaves want Japan to wake up
14501:
14114:Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006),
13966:, CNN, March 29, 2001, archived from
13757:
13720:Berkeley Journal of International Law
13569:
13540:
13518:
13330:
13257:
12997:
12949:from the original on October 11, 2012
12727:from the original on November 8, 2019
12709:
12495:from the original on December 1, 2017
12429:from the original on December 1, 2017
12348:
12336:from the original on January 23, 2018
12270:from the original on January 19, 2019
12257:
12217:from the original on August 19, 2014.
12089:
11493:from the original on October 30, 2023
11439:from the original on October 20, 2018
11239:from the original on January 22, 2022
11042:Logan, William; Reeves, Keir (2008).
10835:from the original on January 5, 2016.
10478:from the original on February 4, 2021
10452:from the original on January 29, 2021
10426:from the original on February 1, 2021
10399:from the original on January 29, 2021
10369:from the original on January 31, 2021
10296:from the original on October 28, 2020
10161:Hauser, Christine (October 4, 2018).
9904:from the original on October 25, 2012
9765:Fackler, Martin (February 19, 2014).
9420:from the original on January 19, 2021
9390:from the original on January 14, 2021
8852:
8819:
8714:from the original on January 24, 2011
8704:"Japan Court Backs 3 Brothel Victims"
8684:from the original on January 24, 2011
8674:"Japan Apologizes on Korea Sex Issue"
8654:from the original on February 9, 2011
8644:"Japanese Premier Begins Seoul Visit"
8624:from the original on October 20, 2020
8552:Sanger, David E. (January 14, 1992).
8475:from the original on October 27, 2013
8434:from the original on October 8, 2014.
8064:from the original on October 19, 2021
7984:from the original on December 7, 2014
7900:from the original on October 18, 2015
7865:from the original on January 11, 2013
7766:from the original on February 9, 2021
7562:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
7476:
7399:
7321:
6932:
6890:
6861:
6834:
6822:
6783:
6774:
6763:from the original on October 30, 2023
6693:from the original on October 30, 2023
6675:. Columbia University Press. p.
6609:from the original on October 29, 2020
6140:
6128:
6117:
6079:
6020:
5796:
5737:Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006).
5655:Ward, Thomas J. (December 14, 2018).
5521:Wang, Q. Edward (December 31, 2019).
5342:from the original on October 30, 2023
5254:
5237:
5193:
5168:
5100:from the original on October 30, 2023
4953:
4900:, pp. 100–101, 105–106, 110–111;
4864:
4862:, pp. 100–101, 105–106, 110–111;
4855:
4853:
4840:
4838:
4823:from the original on October 29, 2020
4755:
4709:
4636:
4574:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
4357:Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps
4157:is a 1966 Japanese war drama film by
3203:". On the same day, Foreign Minister
3096:Apologies and compensation since 2010
2663:Foundation of Japanese Honorary Debts
1915:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1592:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
16:WWII-era forced prostitutes for Japan
19612:Korean History Compilation Committee
17502:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
16534:Rape during the liberation of France
15121:Silence Broken: Korean Comfort Women
14851:
14803:
14798:None of them was forcibly recruited.
14743:, Asian Women's Fund, archived from
14666:Sang-Hun, Choe (December 18, 2015).
14560:
14538:
13883:"Abe questions sex slave 'coercion'"
13645:Young Virgins in the Military's Grip
13590:
13493:
13426:
13241:
13181:
13175:
13118:
13041:. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
12638:from the original on August 20, 2019
12620:
12462:from the original on October 4, 2018
12302:from the original on January 5, 2016
12191:from the original on August 16, 2019
12115:Levine, Brittany (August 11, 2014).
12022:from the original on August 17, 2019
11874:from the original on August 1, 2016.
11224:
10731:from the original on March 30, 2014.
10193:
10142:from the original on October 4, 2018
10078:from the original on January 9, 2021
10042:from the original on August 19, 2018
9840:from the original on August 10, 2014
9820:
9709:
9684:
9648:
9617:
9414:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
9360:from the original on January 9, 2021
9240:from the original on August 19, 2018
9102:from the original on January 2, 2016
8864:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
8834:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
8462:
8341:from the original on January 9, 2021
8293:
8279:Korea-Japan ties burdened by baggage
8082:
8031:
7972:Fackler, Martin (December 2, 2014).
7198:
7156:"Australian sex slave seeks apology"
6999:McCarthy, Julie (December 4, 2020).
6627:
6556:
6405:from the original on August 28, 2022
6050:
6045:
5950:
5872:from the original on January 5, 2016
5780:. September 21, 1999. Archived from
5736:
5654:
5631:
5520:
4885:
4867:, pp. 66–67, 119, 131, 142–143;
4767:
4675:
4391:Recreation and Amusement Association
4309:German camp brothels in World War II
3971:San Francisco Comfort Women Memorial
3627:dedicated to Taiwanese comfort women
3054:Apologies and compensation 1951–2009
2861:Sterility, abortion and reproduction
2423:China-Japan Joint Communiqué of 1972
2107:Slave marriages in the United States
1711:Human trafficking in the Middle East
19714:Government-General Museum of Chōsen
19456:Aso Mining forced labor controversy
15632:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
15622:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
15603:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
15583:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
15562:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
14828:
14443:. December 14, 2007. Archived from
14415:Onishi, Norimitsu (March 8, 2007),
14053:MPs Moved to Tears by Comfort Women
13614:
13403:
13212:McDougall, Gay J. (June 22, 1998).
12998:Hsiao, Sherry (December 11, 2019).
12969:"Red Angel (1966, Yasuzo Masumura)"
12570:Longley, Richard (April 25, 2021).
12551:from the original on August 3, 2020
12448:McKurry, Justin (October 4, 2018).
12324:Fortin, Jacey (November 25, 2017).
12129:from the original on March 12, 2016
11958:from the original on March 27, 2023
11926:from the original on April 12, 2023
11758:Gonzales, Iris C. (June 15, 2013).
11710:from the original on March 24, 2023
11689:
11573:Choe Sang-Hun (November 21, 2018).
11137:from the original on April 18, 2015
10595:from the original on March 24, 2023
10589:www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org
10574:
10236:from the original on March 10, 2023
10175:from the original on April 25, 2023
10130:McCurry, Justin (October 4, 2018).
9562:
9270:from the original on April 14, 2021
8963:from the original on March 18, 2019
8231:from the original on April 14, 2021
8225:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
8022:
7844:
7796:from the original on April 22, 2007
7708:
7684:
7672:
7581:
7442:from the original on March 5, 2018.
7405:
7327:
7187:from the original on March 15, 2022
7011:from the original on March 24, 2023
6981:from the original on March 24, 2023
6954:from the original on March 24, 2023
6650:from the original on March 24, 2023
6319:
6156:from the original on March 24, 2023
6062:
5998:. Vassar, the Alumnae/i Quarterly.
5965:
5944:
5854:from the original on March 2, 2017.
5718:from the original on March 29, 2013
5663:from the original on April 14, 2021
5625:
5471:from the original on April 28, 2014
5383:
5300:from the original on March 18, 2014
5283:
5046:Kotler, Mindy (November 14, 2014).
4618:from the original on April 14, 2021
4598:
4536:from the original on March 15, 2013
4505:from the original on August 7, 2014
4381:Rape during the occupation of Japan
3736:
3261:United Nations Human Rights Council
3169:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
2471:International Commission of Jurists
1446:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
184:Outline of the comfort women system
13:
20037:Women in Korea under Japanese rule
17728:German invasion of the Netherlands
16008:Weather events during World War II
15639:United States historical documents
14989:Nozaki, Yoshiko (August 1, 2005),
14943:
14561:Coleman, Joseph (March 23, 2007),
14502:Stephen Moynihan (March 3, 2007),
14313:Bae Ji-sook (September 17, 2007),
14271:, November 9, 2007, archived from
14166:Nakamura, Akemi (March 20, 2007),
14092:
13960:
13902:"Japan party probes sex slave use"
13862:
13561:Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (姫田光義) (1996),
13499:Ianfu to senjo no sei (Shinchōsha)
13182:Jung, Kyung-ah (August 26, 2022).
12769:"Comfort Woman Film Touches Japan"
12697:from the original on April 1, 2012
12239:from the original on April 4, 2019
11896:from the original on April 9, 2023
11856:from the original on May 28, 2015.
11469:from the original on May 11, 2017.
11294:from the original on July 25, 2019
11005:. China.org.cn. December 2, 2015.
10701:from the original on July 25, 2019
10671:from the original on March 8, 2022
10542:from the original on March 6, 2023
10325:from the original on July 29, 2021
10267:from the original on March 9, 2023
10206:from the original on March 6, 2023
9993:from the original on March 6, 2023
9981:Fifield, Anna (February 9, 2015).
9890:Johnston, Eric (August 23, 2012).
9514:from the original on June 28, 2021
8900:from the original on July 28, 2020
8594:from the original on July 20, 2012
8393:Historical currency exchange rates
8313:from the original on May 26, 2012.
7850:
7509:from the original on March 6, 2023
7043:from the original on July 13, 2021
6712:Everington, Keoni (May 23, 2023).
6389:"Japans geld voor 'troostmeisjes'"
6002:from the original on June 24, 2021
5938:
5698:
5693:
5682:
5135:from the original on March 6, 2023
4850:
4835:
4580:from the original on March 5, 2021
3861:Flower-for-Lolas Campaign Monument
3263:, as well as the rulings from the
2517:(then a Japanese dependency), the
2100:last survivors of American slavery
505:Establishment by Japanese military
255:Special permanent resident (Japan)
14:
20048:
18359:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
15268:
14874:Dudden, Alexis (April 25, 2006),
14812:. No. Winter. Archived from
14781:. hassin.sejp.net. Archived from
14396:Fackler, Martin (March 6, 2007),
14071:
13331:Honda, Mike (February 15, 2007).
13291:Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken
12525:from the original on May 14, 2019
12055:from the original on May 2, 2014.
12010:Sullivan, S. P. (March 9, 2013).
11803:from the original on May 28, 2015
11677:from the original on May 28, 2015
11673:. University of New South Wales.
11519:. August 14, 2018. Archived from
11281:
11267:. August 14, 2018. Archived from
10111:from the original on May 29, 2019
9501:
8951:Lionel Babicz (January 5, 2016).
8830:"Japan-ROK summit telephone call"
8733:Fastenberg, Dan (June 17, 2010).
8530:from the original on May 21, 2022
8495:Closing of the Asian Women's Fund
8493:Asian Women's Fund Online Museum
8201:from the original on June 4, 2014
7339:Rodriguez, Sarah Mellors (2023).
6790:International Criminal Law Review
6724:from the original on May 23, 2023
5688:
5252:, pp. 101–105, 113, 116–117;
5058:from the original on July 8, 2020
4783:Gottschall, Jonathan (May 2004).
4643:International Criminal Law Review
4066:, but local council rejected it.
3116:Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association
2354:
1061:Field slaves in the United States
928:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
124:is a translation of the Japanese
108:were women and girls forced into
19771:Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea
19576:Korean Language Society Incident
19295:
18919:
15691:
15471:Archive Museum 女たちの戦争と平和資料館(wam)
15324: (archived October 27, 2009)
15041:, May 2008, Vol. 617, pp 123–132
14359:Edward Epstein (July 31, 2007),
14192:Reiji Yoshida (April 18, 2007),
14140:Reiji Yoshida (March 11, 2007),
14050:Jeff Davis (November 28, 2007),
13948:. Associated Press. July 6, 2007
13150:
13131:
13112:
13098:
13072:
13054:
13031:
13017:
12991:
12929:
12910:
12880:
12849:
12825:
12793:
12777:. March 18, 2009. Archived from
12761:
12739:
12677:
12650:
12594:
12563:
12537:
12507:
12474:
12441:
12408:
12378:
12282:
12251:
12221:
12203:
12171:
12141:
12108:
12097:Southern California Public Radio
12090:Huang, Josie (August 11, 2014).
12083:
12059:
12034:
12003:
11970:
11938:
11908:
11878:
11860:
11842:
11815:
11782:
11770:from the original on May 5, 2015
11751:
11641:
11633:. March 29, 2014. Archived from
11623:
11597:
11566:
11535:
11505:
11473:
11461:James Griffiths (May 11, 2017).
11424:
11392:
11362:
11332:
11306:
11275:
11251:
11225:Katz, Brigit (August 17, 2018).
11218:
11201:
11175:
11163:from the original on May 2, 2015
11149:
11123:
11096:
11070:
11035:
11013:
10995:
10953:
10926:
10911:
10862:
10839:
10817:
10791:
10763:
10713:
10683:
10653:
10629:
10607:
10554:
10522:
10490:
10464:
10438:
10411:
10381:
10355:
10337:
10307:
10279:
10248:
10218:
10194:Shin, Mitch (December 7, 2020).
10187:
10154:
10123:
10090:
10054:
10005:
9974:
9951:
9883:
9852:
9826:
9801:
9788:
9758:
9745:
9720:
9691:Journal of International Affairs
9655:Journal of International Affairs
9642:
9624:Journal of International Affairs
9611:
9597:
9569:Asian Journal of Women's Studies
9563:Lee, Hyunsuk (January 2, 2022).
9526:
9495:
9465:
9432:
9342:
9252:
9158:
9081:
9008:
8975:
8944:
8912:
8882:
8789:
8759:
8696:
8666:
8636:
8606:
8507:
8487:
8456:
8438:
8414:
8405:
8386:
8353:
8317:
8299:
8272:
8258:January 17, 2005 (archived from
8243:
8182:
8156:
8126:
8106:
8088:
8038:Journal of International Affairs
7996:
7965:
7944:
7912:
7880:
7853:"고노 담화 [The Kono talks]"
7811:
7778:
7690:
7678:
7666:
7657:
7622:
7575:
7549:
7521:
7470:
7458:
7446:
7376:
7367:
7293:
7248:
7237:
7149:
7126:
7067:
7055:
7023:
6992:
6965:
6938:
6926:
6884:
6743:de Brouwer, Anne-Marie (2005) ,
5990:Shengold, Nina (June 17, 2013).
5902:from the original on May 4, 2015
5564:Asian Journal of Women's Studies
4936:. April 17, 2007. Archived from
4682:Journal of International Affairs
3992:San Francisco Holocaust Memorial
3924:
3893:, there is an empty villa house
3845:Lila Pilipina together with the
3637:Taipei Women's Rescue Foundation
3271:
3227:and other crimes by the time of
3112:Taipei Women's Rescue Foundation
938:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
933:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
762:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
532:
461:
460:
449:
337:Korean Christian Church in Japan
15520:Japan Policy Research Institute
14621:McCurry, Justin (May 3, 2007),
14521:Irene Lin (December 18, 2000),
14467:, March 5, 2007, archived from
14287:Masami Ito (October 18, 2011),
14211:Keiji Hirano (April 28, 2007),
13864:"Sex slaves put Japan on trial"
13621:. University of Chicago Press.
13489:, Kikan sensô sekinin kenkyû 20
13198:
12656:
9479:. June 26, 2021. Archived from
7851:Ye, Yeong-jun (March 4, 2007).
6705:
6662:
6591:
6550:
6539:
6528:
6497:
6471:
6445:
6381:
6372:
6352:
6343:
6325:
6313:
6292:
6286:
6260:
6248:
6223:
6198:
6168:
6134:
6084:
6068:
6039:
6014:
5983:
5971:
5931:
5914:
5884:
5858:
5834:
5822:
5730:
5704:
5675:
5648:
5637:
5602:
5555:
5483:
5450:
5424:
5413:
5402:
5377:
5366:
5355:
5312:
5277:
5265:
5243:
5226:
5187:
5070:
5039:
4998:
4986:
4974:
4947:
4923:
4891:
4761:
4749:
4008:Koreatown, Fort Lee, New Jersey
3876:Comfort Woman: Slave of Destiny
3765:Center for Asian American Media
2939:of a 1976 Japanese book by the
2653:During the initial invasion of
1888:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1439:East, Southeast, and South Asia
311:The History Museum of J-Koreans
19992:Post-traumatic stress disorder
19982:Violence against women in Asia
19962:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
19776:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
19679:List of independence activists
18986:Memorials in the United States
18606:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
16316:Territorial changes of Germany
16224:Indonesian National Revolution
14985:, archived from on 2007-05-16.
14752:, archived from on 2007-06-28.
14377:Mark Landler (March 2, 2001),
14246:, May 12, 2007, archived from
13733:The American Historical Review
13485:Fujiwara, Akira (藤原彰) (1998),
13242:Kono, Yohei (August 4, 1993),
12155:. June 2, 2014. Archived from
9935:. May 13, 2013. Archived from
8463:Hogg, Chris (April 10, 2007).
8140:. The BBC. February 28, 2014.
7792:(in Japanese). March 6, 2007.
6628:Ward, Thomas J. (April 2018).
5194:Chang, Iris (March 11, 2014).
4669:
4630:
4604:
4592:
4562:
4551:
4517:
4486:
3770:
3679:
3557:post-traumatic stress disorder
3464:International Court of Justice
2835:Australian National University
1587:Slave raiding in Easter Island
402:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
114:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
21:Comfort Woman (disambiguation)
1:
18006:Japanese invasion of Thailand
17957:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
17721:German invasion of Luxembourg
16102:Mediterranean and Middle East
14893:Nelson, Hank (May 17, 2007),
14804:Horn, Dottie (January 1997).
12258:Hagen, Lisa (June 28, 2017).
11977:Semple, Kirk (May 18, 2012).
9582:10.1080/12259276.2021.2025324
8620:. Reuters. January 14, 1992.
7635:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
7218:(in Japanese). Archived from
6576:10.1080/00094633.2019.1691414
5576:10.1080/12259276.2015.1029229
5540:10.1080/00094633.2019.1691414
4637:Ramaj, Klea (February 2022).
4449:
3381:In 2019, about 24 members of
3254:non-governmental organization
2306:they were being pressed into
19410:Oriental Development Company
17913:Invasion of the Soviet Union
17602:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
16920:Independent State of Croatia
15550:Japanese official statements
15352:Japanese Military Sex Slaves
14609:, March 31, 2007, p. 15
14056:, Hill Times, archived from
13798:10.1080/14672710320000061514
13688:Studies on the comfort women
13080:"'I Can Speak': Film Review"
10097:Semple, Kirk (May 4, 2012).
9859:Donald Kirk (May 31, 2013).
8504:Retrieved on August 17, 2012
7582:Soh, Chunghee Sarah (2008).
7483:Harvard International Review
7175:Gary Nunn (April 18, 2019),
6431:. Pen & Sword Military.
4369:, author of the 1997 novel,
4327:Bordel militaire de campagne
4292:List of former comfort women
4166:A Secret Buried for 50 Years
4096:Korea – Gil Won-ok (1928–);
4081:Notable former comfort women
4045:
3562:
2833:, emeritus professor at the
2429:Su Zhiliang, a professor at
1878:Temporary Slavery Commission
1539:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
250:South Korean nationality law
220:Korean independence movement
30:Comfort Women: A New Musical
7:
19796:Japan–South Korea relations
19791:Japan–North Korea relations
19669:Korean National Association
19659:Declaration of Independence
19476:Slavery during World War II
18897:End of World War II in Asia
18737:Western invasion of Germany
18244:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
18221:Second Battle of El Alamein
17791:Hundred Regiments Offensive
17763:Battle of the Mediterranean
17616:Italian invasion of Albania
15790:Air warfare of World War II
15485:"The Comfort Women project"
15297:Asian Women's Fund web site
15232:, London, Routledge: 2002.
15059:Henson, Maria Rose (1999).
14966:Asian Women's Fund (1996),
14734:
10562:"菲律宾"慰安妇"受害者家属游行示威敦促日本道歉赔偿"
7820:近現代史の必須知識: 日本人として最低限知っておきたい
7537:(in Korean). August 7, 2015
5714:. Womenshistory.about.com.
4968:
4743:
4728:
4284:
4179:that took place during the
3583:Memorials and organizations
2988:and Japanese news magazine
2529:(including some mixed race
1898:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
943:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
20053:
20027:Human trafficking in Japan
19841:Independence Hall of Korea
19277:Governor-General of Chōsen
18823:Naval bombardment of Japan
18191:First Battle of El Alamein
18110:Battle of Christmas Island
18055:Japanese invasion of Burma
17819:Italian invasion of Greece
17735:German invasion of Belgium
17707:German invasion of Denmark
17680:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
17549:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
15813:Comparative military ranks
15531:September 1, 2018, at the
14870:( archived on 2007-06-15).
13661:Yoshimi, Yoshiaki (2000),
13505:] (in Japanese), 新潮社,
13119:Fisk, Alan (August 2019).
13048:February 28, 2018, at the
12390:The San Francisco Examiner
12360:The San Francisco Examiner
10349:November 18, 2017, at the
10017:November 30, 2018, at the
9963:November 15, 2014, at the
9022:. BBC. December 28, 2015.
7959:September 4, 2014, at the
7718:Hayashi, Hirofumi (2008).
7393:February 28, 2018, at the
7386:. February 27, 2018, from
7161:December 13, 2011, at the
6749:, Intersentia, p. 8,
6563:Chinese Studies in History
5957:Gamble & Watanabe 2004
5527:Chinese Studies in History
5284:LEI, Wan (February 2010).
4710:Chang, Jae (May 4, 2019).
4532:. The Asian Women's Fund.
4501:. The Asian Women's Fund.
4139:
4130:
4017:
3942:Peace Monument of Glendale
3931:Palisades Park, New Jersey
3900:On December 8, 2017, the '
3740:
3688:
3605:Shanghai Normal University
3573:Shanghai Normal University
3526:On December 13, 2007, the
3519:In 2007, the Netherland's
3512:On November 28, 2007, the
3337:In 2014, Foreign Minister
3160:Korean news organization,
3099:
3057:
2966:In 1989, the testimony of
2704:Treatment of comfort women
2575:. August 8, 1945. A young
2557:with an estimated 200–400
2431:Shanghai Normal University
2277:
2083:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1920:Anti-Slavery International
1685:North Africa and West Asia
227:Hanshin Education Incident
27:
18:
19763:
19750:Keijō Imperial University
19696:
19647:
19585:
19489:
19448:
19422:
19400:Chōsen Government Railway
19395:Chōsen Anthracite Company
19364:Bank of Korea (1909–1950)
19356:
19304:
19293:
19269:
19258:
19252:Korea under Japanese rule
19191:
19168:
19161:
19126:
19091:
19032:
18991:
18912:
18744:Bratislava–Brno offensive
18684:
18675:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
18412:
18299:Allied invasion of Sicily
18253:
18159:Aleutian Islands campaign
18131:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
18078:
18069:Greek famine of 1941–1944
17964:Second Battle of Changsha
17869:German invasion of Greece
17837:
17714:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
17689:
17627:
17522:
17403:
17129:
17039:
16887:
16590:
16581:
16339:
16164:
16056:North and Central Pacific
16017:
15779:
15772:
15699:
15466:Justice For Comfort Women
15338:January 26, 2019, at the
14829:Soh, C.Sarah (May 2001),
14365:, San Francisco Chronicle
14362:House wants Japan apology
13815:Women's Studies Quarterly
13374:GovTrack.us (2007–2008).
13259:"The Comfort Women Issue"
13108:– via www.imdb.com.
11890:Philippine Daily Inquirer
8500:October 30, 2012, at the
7418:Clough, Patricia (2007).
6802:10.1163/15718123-bja10127
6669:Yoshiaki Yoshimi (2000).
6295:"Japan's 'Comfort Women'"
6257:, pp. 6–9, 11, 13–14
6230:Lindsey, Timothy (2008).
5689:Irish Examiner 2007-03-08
5439:February 6, 2009, at the
4872:, pp. 6–9, 11, 13–14
4801:10.1080/00224490409552221
4785:"Explaining wartime rape"
4655:10.1163/15718123-bja10127
4443:Comfort women in the arts
4142:Comfort women in the arts
4033:
3759:Archives by comfort women
3610:
3472:International Court Cases
3457:care, with few luxuries.
3350:Japanese Foreign Ministry
2982:Hokusei Gakuen University
2877:among the comfort women.
2179:Emancipation Proclamation
1851:Opposition and resistance
1609:Sex trafficking in Europe
1597:Blackbirding in Polynesia
1160:Trans-Saharan slave trade
365:Korean musicians in Japan
215:Korea under Japanese rule
93:
85:
72:
68:
64:
44:
34:comfort women in the arts
19330:Office of the Yi Dynasty
19324:Colored Clothes Campaign
18336:Allied invasion of Italy
18313:Solomon Islands campaign
18062:Third Battle of Changsha
17659:First Battle of Changsha
17565:Second Sino-Japanese War
16505:German military brothels
16371:United States war crimes
15250:. Taylor & Francis.
13714:Argibay, Carmen (2003).
13683:
13125:Historical Novels Review
11700:"Lila-Pilipina Brochure"
11671:"Filipino Comfort Women"
11653:January 3, 2016, at the
9152:August 19, 2018, at the
9130:August 19, 2018, at the
9075:August 19, 2018, at the
9056:August 19, 2018, at the
8520:The Asia-Pacific Journal
8398:October 4, 2013, at the
8114:
8004:"元朝日記者の敗訴確定 慰安婦報道訴訟―最高裁"
7819:
7736:10.1177/0002716208314191
7211:
6637:The Asia-Pacific Journal
6557:Wang, Q. Edward (2020).
6021:Norma, Caroline (2015).
5434:"宋秉畯ら第2期親日反民族行為者202人を選定"
5169:Norma, Caroline (2015).
4524:The Asian Women's Fund.
4493:The Asian Women's Fund.
4482:– via exordio.com.
4181:Second Sino-Japanese War
4146:
3685:Wednesday demonstrations
3587:
3521:House of Representatives
3034:Suga and Prime Minister
2946:In 1982, a dispute over
1959:Compensated emancipation
1170:Indian Ocean slave trade
260:Zainichi Korean language
19892:Wednesday demonstration
19829:Treaty of San Francisco
18758:Second Guangxi campaign
18613:Philippines (1944–1945)
18117:Battle of the Coral Sea
18020:Fall of the Philippines
17666:Battle of South Guangxi
17572:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
16978:Italian Social Republic
15397:Australian War Memorial
15359:, CBS Report featuring
15026:, Kleine Verlag, 2007.
14854:"Comfort-Women.org FAQ"
14440:The Parliament Magazine
13767:Yoneyama, Lisa (2002),
13570:Huang, Hua-Lun (2012).
12892:filipinaslibrary.org.ph
12547:. SCMP. March 9, 2017.
12422:San Francisco Chronicle
12072:March 29, 2016, at the
11481:"부산 소녀상 보호, 법적 근거 마련됐다"
10979:Oxford University Press
8360:Asian Women's Fund 1996
7266:일본군 위안부 세계가 껴안다-1년간의 기록
7138:April 10, 2012, at the
7094:Australian War Memorial
6506:"Timor's Haunted Women"
6091:Cumings, Bruce (1997).
4789:Journal of Sex Research
4428:Crimes against humanity
4418:Wartime sexual violence
3988:San Francisco Chronicle
3706:statue of a young woman
3691:Wednesday demonstration
3399:1965 Korea-Japan Treaty
3327:Japan Restoration Party
2911:Treaty of San Francisco
2457:Number of comfort women
1883:1926 Slavery Convention
1639:Germany in World War II
1256:North and South America
778:Contract of manumission
19684:Provisional Government
19540:Shinano River incident
19116:Comfort Women Monument
18343:Armistice of Cassibile
18145:Battle of Dutch Harbor
18096:Battle of the Java Sea
17999:Attack on Pearl Harbor
17899:Syria–Lebanon campaign
17892:Battle of South Shanxi
17862:Invasion of Yugoslavia
17645:Battle of the Atlantic
17259:Korean Liberation Army
16972:(until September 1943)
16929:(until September 1944)
16907:(until September 1944)
15651:Japanese Comfort Women
14995:, History news Network
13786:Critican Asian Studies
13773:Harvard Asia Quarterly
13615:Soh, C. Sarah (2009).
13541:Hicks, George (1997),
13519:Hicks, George (1996),
13471:, Regnery Publishing,
13317:on September 27, 2007.
13283:Netherlands government
13084:The Hollywood Reporter
12392:. September 15, 2015.
12362:. September 18, 2015.
11870:. BBC. June 17, 2016.
11405:The Japan Times Online
11346:. September 12, 2018.
11316:. September 11, 2018.
10988:March 5, 2018, at the
10665:United States Congress
10506:. September 14, 2020.
10474:. September 16, 2020.
10069:The Asian Women's Fund
9971:– November 15–16, 2014
8448:. Asian Women's Fund.
8332:The Asian Women's Fund
8115:軍の強制連行の証拠ない 河野談話で政府答弁書
6358:Poelgeest, Bart van. "
6335:. Asian Women's Fund.
5811:June 10, 2007, at the
5778:Pacific Islands Report
5409:Japan Times 2007-05-12
4337:Historical negationism
4173:City of Life and Death
4135:
4055:
3902:Filipina Comfort Women
3863:
3797:
3794:San Ildefonso, Bulacan
3780:
3628:
3485:
3352:attempted to pressure
3119:
3114:protested outside the
2933:Military Comfort Women
2913:, as well as the 1965
2805:
2788:
2773:
2766:Imperial Japanese Army
2680:Melanesian women from
2600:
2588:
2581:Imperial Japanese Army
2579:woman from one of the
1364:British Virgin Islands
916:Circassian slave trade
882:Safavid imperial harem
877:Ottoman Imperial Harem
19880:Futsukaichi Rest Home
19697:Places and structures
19650:Independence movement
19564:Hongkou Park Incident
19312:Chōsen Art Exhibition
18507:Second Battle of Guam
18403:Bengal famine of 1943
18373:Second Battle of Kiev
18329:Battle of the Dnieper
18034:Battle of Wake Island
17906:East African campaign
17848:Battle of South Henan
17493:atrocities by Germans
17266:Korean Volunteer Army
16247:Occupation of Germany
16001:Music in World War II
15318:Jugun Ianfu Indonesia
14275:on September 17, 2008
14250:on September 26, 2007
14225:on September 29, 2007
14206:on September 29, 2007
14128:on September 29, 2007
13970:on September 22, 2006
13679:Zhiliang, Su (1999).
13637:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
13427:Drea, Edward (2006),
13382:on September 30, 2007
13220:on September 21, 2013
13144:Asian Review of Books
12945:. September 6, 2011.
11892:. December 26, 2017.
11704:World History Commons
11605:"Welcom Nanum House!"
11408:. December 30, 2016.
11044:"7. A Cave in Taiwan"
10922:(in Korean): 740–748.
10874:The National Interest
9732:divinity.uchicago.edu
8928:. December 29, 2015.
8896:. December 28, 2015.
8866:. December 28, 2015.
8836:. December 28, 2015.
8382:on February 27, 2014.
8265:February 9, 2006, at
8122:on September 2, 2012.
7426:Duke University Press
7271:June 9, 2007, at the
6427:Felton, Mark (2010).
6401:. November 19, 1997.
6293:Soh, Chunghee Sarah.
6205:Felton, Mark (2009).
6075:chosun.com 2007-03-19
5506:, March 5, 2014, p. 8
5131:. December 31, 2019.
5083:Japan's Comfort Women
4614:. December 14, 2018.
4053:
3859:
3786:
3778:
3618:
3547:Health-related issues
3499:Amnesty International
3493:International support
3479:
3109:
2952:Ministry of Education
2943:author Kim Il-Myeon.
2800:
2783:
2755:
2594:
2567:
1603:Europe and North Asia
1563:Australia and Oceania
1263:Pre-Columbian America
835:Slave raid of Suðuroy
767:Slavery in al-Andalus
689:Black Sea slave trade
618:21st-century jihadism
28:For the musical, see
20002:Transitional justice
19967:Anti-Korean violence
19786:Japan–Korea disputes
19528:Battle of Qingshanli
19515:Battle of Fengwudong
19503:March First Movement
19287:Japanese Korean Army
18793:Surrender of Germany
18271:Battle of West Hubei
18228:Guadalcanal campaign
18198:Battle of Stalingrad
18124:Battle of Madagascar
16898:Albania protectorate
16685:(formerly Swaziland)
16394:Wehrmacht war crimes
16210:Expulsion of Germans
15994:Art and World War II
15892:British contribution
15841:Governments in exile
15645:House Resolution 121
15288:on August 22, 2014,
15277:on August 22, 2014,
15244:Tanaka, Y. (2019) .
15141:Molasky, Michael S.
14880:, www.japanfocus.org
14788:on September 4, 2008
14700:on December 19, 2007
14587:on February 25, 2008
14327:on December 11, 2013
13850:on December 14, 2007
13565:, Iwanami Bukkuretto
13521:"The 'Comfort Women"
13362:on February 28, 2007
13293:(January 24, 1994).
12973:DeeperIntoMovies.net
12859:(October 27, 2018),
12781:on December 26, 2013
11554:on November 21, 2018
11214:. December 13, 2016.
11133:. January 10, 2015.
11027:. October 22, 2016.
10983:link to Google Books
9836:. December 6, 2012.
9685:Kuki, Sonya (2013).
9649:Kuki, Sonya (2013).
9618:Kuki, Sonya (2013).
8920:"日韓合意のポイント - 日本経済新聞"
8777:on February 26, 2014
8680:. January 18, 1992.
8650:. January 17, 1992.
8269:on February 9, 2006)
8032:Kuki, Sonya (2013).
7477:CHANG, MINA (2009).
7146:transcriptabc.net.au
6784:Ramaj, Klea (2022).
5896:Imperial War Museums
5034:korea.net 2007-11-30
4716:The Cornell Diplomat
4676:Kuki, Sonya (2013).
4243:which took place in
4089:Dutch East Indies –
3957:Southfield, Michigan
3947:Glendale, California
3514:Parliament of Canada
3410:In August 2014, the
3155:met his counterpart
3110:Protesters from the
2950:sprang up after the
2888:History of the issue
2340:Indian National Army
2058:Indentured servitude
1986:Underground Railroad
1786:United Arab Emirates
1175:Zanzibar slave trade
1142:By country or region
955:Atlantic slave trade
857:Ma malakat aymanukum
741:Venetian slave trade
19977:Japanese war crimes
19597:Five Eulsa Traitors
19552:June Tenth Movement
18883:Potsdam Declaration
18772:Italy (Spring 1945)
18535:Liberation of Paris
17992:Siege of Sevastopol
17010:(until August 1944)
16913:Wang Jingwei regime
16735:from September 1943
16695:from September 1944
16633:from September 1944
16493:Romanian war crimes
16484:Persecution of Jews
16470:Croatian war crimes
16440:Japanese war crimes
16254:Occupation of Japan
16203:First Indochina War
15915:Military production
15827:Declarations of war
15605:. December 28, 2015
15491:on December 9, 2006
15380:at the Seoul Times.
15145:, Routledge, 1999.
14931:on December 9, 2006
14723:, November 30, 2007
14567:The Washington Post
14548:The Washington Post
13269:on October 10, 2007
13235:Japanese government
13004:www.taipeitimes.com
12869:on October 30, 2021
12235:. August 21, 2014.
12065:Hamilton, Valerie.
11954:. January 4, 2019.
11830:on October 18, 2015
11611:on October 18, 2015
11517:Mainichi Daily News
10876:. August 31, 2014.
10829:European Parliament
10805:. November 11, 2007
10779:. November 29, 2007
10038:. August 17, 2018.
9477:Mainichi Daily News
9416:. January 8, 2021.
9386:. January 8, 2021.
9356:. January 8, 2021.
8281:, November 23, 2013
7928:. August 22, 2014.
7275:, February 25, 2006
6825:, pp. 153–155.
6605:. August 16, 2020.
6459:on January 19, 2016
6301:on November 6, 2013
6080:Moynihan 2007-03-03
5850:. October 7, 2013.
5644:Nakamura 2007-03-20
5257:, pp. 8–9, 14;
5240:, pp. 223–228.
4943:on August 16, 2020.
4423:Forced prostitution
4255:is a 2019 novel by
4208:Spirits' Homecoming
4068:Reverend Bill Crews
3996:Japanese internment
3994:and the landmarked
3964:Brookhaven, Georgia
3945:was established in
3528:European Parliament
3284:Yoshinori Kobayashi
3282:by Japanese author
3276:A 2001 comic book,
2756:Studio portrait of
2477:Countries of origin
2349:"Three Alls Policy"
2330:province of China,
2144:Slave Route Project
1275:Americas indigenous
1165:Red Sea slave trade
1155:Contemporary Africa
1018:Topics and practice
788:Crimean slave trade
783:Bukhara slave trade
736:Genoese slave trade
613:Contemporary Africa
593:Forced prostitution
342:Koryo Museum of Art
41:
19904:Asian Women's Fund
19847:Murayama Statement
19704:Altteureu Airfield
19570:Battle of Pochonbo
19521:Battle of Samdunja
19022:Column of Strength
18876:Surrender of Japan
18709:Battle of Iwo Jima
18558:Belgrade offensive
17971:Siege of Leningrad
17855:Battle of Shanggao
17784:British Somaliland
17749:Dunkirk evacuation
17700:Norwegian campaign
17638:Invasion of Poland
17465:Japanese prisoners
16433:Italian war crimes
16364:British war crimes
16279:Soviet occupations
16063:South-West Pacific
15950:Allied cooperation
15908:Military equipment
15565:. January 14, 2021
15514:June 28, 2012, at
15079:maria rosa henson.
15045:Henson, Maria Rosa
14810:Endeavors Magazine
14672:The New York Times
14488:The New York Times
14471:on January 2, 2008
14447:on January 8, 2008
14421:The New York Times
14402:The New York Times
14383:The New York Times
13870:, December 8, 2000
13779:on August 27, 2006
13263:us.emb-japan.go.jp
13086:. January 25, 2018
12806:Yonhap News Agency
12723:. August 2, 2007.
12330:The New York Times
11984:The New York Times
11922:. March 21, 2023.
11637:on March 29, 2014.
11579:The New York Times
11523:on August 15, 2018
11159:. April 30, 2015.
10625:on March 29, 2014.
10567:China News Service
10168:The New York Times
10104:The New York Times
10021:The Guardian, 2018
9969:The New York Times
9871:on January 5, 2016
9770:The New York Times
9716:Landler 2001-03-02
9446:. April 21, 2021.
9326:. March 18, 2018.
8747:on January 7, 2012
8710:. April 28, 1998.
8708:The New York Times
8678:The New York Times
8648:The New York Times
8558:The New York Times
7978:The New York Times
7212:日本占領下インドネシアにおける慰安婦
6977:, March 28, 2021,
6950:, March 28, 2021,
6365:2014-04-22 at the
6142:Meyer, Cheryl Diaz
5829:Reuters 2007-03-05
5496:2015-03-06 at the
5398:Yoshida 2007-04-18
5052:The New York Times
4969:Asian Women's Fund
4903:Fackler 2007-03-06
4744:Asian Women's Fund
4729:Asian Women's Fund
4252:How We Disappeared
4188:Within Every Woman
4056:
3864:
3798:
3781:
3629:
3486:
3319:Chunghee Sarah Soh
3193:Sovereign immunity
3120:
3071:Asian Women's Fund
2851:Siege of Myitkyina
2774:
2601:
2589:
2284:Russo-Japanese War
1925:Blockade of Africa
1232:Somali slave trade
1148:Sub-Saharan Africa
840:Turkish Abductions
798:Khivan slave trade
793:Khazar slave trade
746:Balkan slave trade
704:Prague slave trade
57:Siege of Myitkyina
53:United States Army
39:
19941:
19940:
19937:
19936:
19910:Shimonoseki Trial
19811:Division of Korea
19740:Keijō Post Office
19692:
19691:
19664:Independence Club
19418:
19417:
19318:Chosun Exhibition
19305:Cultural policies
19264:from 1910 to 1945
19218:
19217:
19214:
19213:
18950:
18949:
18908:
18907:
18751:Battle of Okinawa
18650:Burma (1944–1945)
18484:Mariana and Palau
18264:Tunisian campaign
18089:Fall of Singapore
18013:Fall of Hong Kong
17756:Battle of Britain
17609:Operation Himmler
17518:
17517:
17182:Dutch East Indies
16825:Southern Rhodesia
16577:
16576:
16477:Genocide of Serbs
16380:German war crimes
16357:Soviet war crimes
16350:Allied war crimes
16196:Division of Korea
16175:Chinese Civil War
15973:Strategic bombing
15885:Manhattan Project
15522:Working Paper 77.
15478:Academic research
15307:Comfort-Women.org
15257:978-0-429-72089-5
15221:978-0-8419-1413-1
15106:Keller, Nora Okja
15098:978-0-304-33262-5
15074:978-0-8476-9149-4
15032:978-3-89370-436-1
14607:The Daily Yomiuri
14542:(March 1, 2007),
14154:on March 17, 2008
14081:on March 26, 2009
13986:on March 13, 2007
13697:978-7-80622-561-5
13672:978-0-231-12033-3
13628:978-0-226-76777-2
13607:978-0-415-29722-6
13554:978-0-393-31694-0
13478:978-0-89526-046-8
13468:A Public Betrayed
13443:978-1-880875-28-5
13420:978-0-06-019314-0
13413:, HarperCollins,
12975:. April 4, 2008.
12898:on August 7, 2017
12809:. July 10, 2016.
12122:Los Angeles Times
12048:Los Angeles Times
11822:Virgil B. Lopez.
11489:. June 30, 2017.
11374:sg.news.yahoo.com
11211:The Straits Times
11059:978-1-134-05149-6
10752:Los Angeles Times
10697:. July 11, 2012.
10649:on June 27, 2014.
10619:Amnesty Australia
9932:The Asahi Shimbun
9444:The Straits Times
9296:. March 1, 2018.
9236:. June 17, 2018.
8989:Los Angeles Times
8807:on March 14, 2014
8771:Stars and Stripes
8618:New Straits Times
8588:Los Angeles Times
8170:on August 2, 2014
8010:on April 11, 2021
7925:The Asahi Shimbun
7893:The Asahi Shimbun
7837:978-4-569-64508-7
7595:978-0-226-76776-5
7435:978-0-8223-3925-0
7352:978-1-009-02733-5
7244:Hirano 2007-04-28
7122:Onishi 2007-03-08
6756:978-90-5095-533-1
6718:taiwannews.com.tw
6686:978-0-231-12033-3
5784:on April 14, 2021
5751:on March 26, 2009
5489:Kimura, Kayoko, "
5235:, pp. 82–83;
5078:Tanaka, Toshiyuki
4414:, a "comfort gay"
4412:Walterina Markova
4332:Human trafficking
4154:Red Angel (Movie)
3343:Yasuhiro Nakasone
3339:Hirofumi Nakasone
3233:South Korean wons
3205:Toshimitsu Motegi
3197:International law
3075:Tomiichi Murayama
2948:history textbooks
2841:, in what is now
2655:Dutch East Indies
2633:Dutch East Indies
2627:, a professor of
2519:Dutch East Indies
2291:Shanghai incident
2250:venereal diseases
2241:
2240:
2191:Freedmen's Bureau
2013:Third Servile War
2008:International law
1575:Human trafficking
1337:Human trafficking
1012:Thirteen colonies
830:Sack of Baltimore
598:Human trafficking
502:
501:
103:
102:
59:, August 14, 1944
20044:
20017:Slavery in Japan
19872:
19866:
19865:
19817:Koreans in Japan
19755:Seodaemun Prison
19651:
19589:
19497:105-Man Incident
19446:
19445:
19440:Sakhalin Koreans
19385:
19384:
19299:
19298:
19245:
19238:
19231:
19222:
19221:
19166:
19165:
18977:
18970:
18963:
18954:
18953:
18943:
18936:
18929:
18926:World portal
18924:
18923:
18899:
18892:
18885:
18878:
18869:
18862:
18855:
18846:
18839:
18832:
18825:
18818:
18811:
18802:
18795:
18788:
18786:Prague offensive
18781:
18779:Battle of Berlin
18774:
18767:
18760:
18753:
18746:
18739:
18732:
18725:
18723:Vienna offensive
18718:
18711:
18704:
18702:Battle of Manila
18697:
18677:
18668:
18659:
18652:
18643:
18636:
18629:
18622:
18615:
18608:
18601:
18592:
18583:
18576:
18567:
18560:
18553:
18546:
18537:
18530:
18523:
18516:
18509:
18502:
18495:
18486:
18479:
18470:
18461:
18452:
18445:
18443:Korsun–Cherkassy
18438:
18427:
18405:
18396:
18389:
18382:
18375:
18368:
18361:
18354:
18345:
18338:
18331:
18324:
18315:
18308:
18301:
18294:
18287:
18285:Bombing of Gorky
18280:
18273:
18266:
18246:
18239:
18230:
18223:
18216:
18207:
18200:
18193:
18186:
18175:
18168:
18161:
18154:
18152:Battle of Midway
18147:
18140:
18138:Battle of Gazala
18133:
18126:
18119:
18112:
18105:
18098:
18091:
18071:
18064:
18057:
18050:
18048:Battle of Borneo
18043:
18041:Malayan campaign
18036:
18029:
18022:
18015:
18008:
18001:
17994:
17987:
17985:Bombing of Gorky
17980:
17978:Battle of Moscow
17973:
17966:
17959:
17952:
17945:
17938:
17922:
17915:
17908:
17901:
17894:
17887:
17878:
17871:
17864:
17857:
17850:
17830:
17821:
17814:
17807:
17800:
17793:
17786:
17779:
17772:
17765:
17758:
17751:
17744:
17742:Battle of France
17737:
17730:
17723:
17716:
17709:
17702:
17682:
17675:
17668:
17661:
17654:
17647:
17640:
17618:
17611:
17604:
17597:
17595:Munich Agreement
17590:
17583:
17574:
17567:
17560:
17551:
17544:
17529:
17528:
17511:
17504:
17495:
17488:
17481:
17480:Soviet prisoners
17474:
17467:
17460:
17451:
17444:
17435:
17428:
17421:
17420:German prisoners
17416:
17396:
17387:
17380:
17373:
17368:
17361:
17354:
17347:
17340:
17333:
17326:
17319:
17312:
17305:
17298:
17291:
17284:
17277:
17268:
17261:
17254:
17247:
17240:
17233:
17226:
17219:
17212:
17205:
17198:
17191:
17184:
17177:
17170:
17163:
17156:
17149:
17142:
17122:
17115:
17108:
17101:
17094:
17087:
17080:
17073:
17066:
17059:
17052:
17032:
17025:
17018:
17011:
17003:
16996:
16989:
16980:
16973:
16965:
16958:
16956:French Indochina
16951:
16944:
16937:
16930:
16922:
16915:
16908:
16900:
16880:
16871:
16864:
16855:
16848:
16841:
16834:
16827:
16820:
16813:
16806:
16803:from August 1944
16794:
16787:
16780:
16773:
16766:
16759:
16752:
16745:
16738:
16726:
16719:
16712:
16705:
16698:
16686:
16678:
16671:
16664:
16657:
16650:
16643:
16636:
16624:
16617:
16610:
16603:
16588:
16587:
16568:
16561:
16554:
16547:
16540:
16529:
16514:
16507:
16500:
16495:
16486:
16479:
16472:
16463:
16456:
16449:
16447:Nanjing Massacre
16442:
16435:
16426:
16424:Nuremberg trials
16417:
16410:
16403:
16396:
16389:
16382:
16373:
16366:
16359:
16352:
16332:
16325:
16318:
16309:
16302:
16295:
16288:
16281:
16274:
16265:
16256:
16249:
16242:
16235:
16226:
16219:
16212:
16205:
16198:
16191:
16184:
16177:
16157:
16148:
16141:
16134:
16125:
16118:
16111:
16104:
16095:
16088:
16081:
16072:
16065:
16058:
16051:
16044:
16037:
16030:
16028:Asia and Pacific
16010:
16003:
15996:
15989:
15982:
15975:
15968:
15959:
15957:Mulberry harbour
15952:
15945:
15938:
15931:
15924:
15917:
15910:
15903:
15894:
15887:
15880:
15871:
15864:
15857:
15850:
15843:
15836:
15829:
15822:
15815:
15808:
15799:
15792:
15777:
15776:
15765:
15758:
15749:
15742:
15735:
15728:
15721:
15714:
15707:
15686:
15679:
15672:
15663:
15662:
15614:
15612:
15610:
15594:
15592:
15590:
15574:
15572:
15570:
15500:
15498:
15496:
15487:. Archived from
15460:House of Sharing
15450:
15436:
15434:
15432:
15423:. Archived from
15408:
15406:
15404:
15394:
15369:
15353:
15261:
15225:
15204:
15202:
15200:
15195:on April 2, 2012
15194:
15188:. Archived from
15171:
15102:
15081:
15066:
15003:
15002:
15000:
14984:
14983:
14981:
14972:, archived from
14961:
14960:
14958:
14953:on July 24, 2008
14949:, archived from
14939:
14938:
14936:
14927:, archived from
14917:
14916:
14914:
14909:on June 10, 2007
14908:
14901:
14888:
14887:
14885:
14869:
14867:
14865:
14860:on June 15, 2007
14847:
14846:
14844:
14839:on June 28, 2012
14825:
14823:
14821:
14816:on June 25, 2008
14800:
14795:
14793:
14787:
14780:
14764:
14751:
14750:on June 28, 2007
14749:
14742:
14731:
14730:
14728:
14709:
14707:
14705:
14682:
14680:
14678:
14662:
14661:
14659:
14637:
14636:
14634:
14617:
14616:
14614:
14596:
14594:
14592:
14576:
14575:
14573:
14557:
14556:
14554:
14535:
14534:
14532:
14517:
14516:
14514:
14498:
14497:
14495:
14479:
14478:
14476:
14456:
14454:
14452:
14430:
14429:
14427:
14411:
14410:
14408:
14392:
14391:
14389:
14373:
14372:
14370:
14355:
14353:
14351:
14335:
14334:
14332:
14323:, archived from
14309:
14308:
14306:
14301:on March 4, 2016
14283:
14282:
14280:
14258:
14257:
14255:
14233:
14232:
14230:
14221:, archived from
14207:
14202:, archived from
14188:
14187:
14185:
14176:, archived from
14162:
14161:
14159:
14150:, archived from
14136:
14135:
14133:
14124:, archived from
14110:
14109:
14107:
14102:on March 9, 2007
14089:
14088:
14086:
14068:
14067:
14065:
14041:
14039:
14037:
14020:
14019:
14017:
13995:
13993:
13991:
13971:
13957:
13955:
13953:
13937:
13936:
13934:
13916:
13915:
13913:
13897:
13896:
13894:
13878:
13877:
13875:
13859:
13857:
13855:
13830:
13809:
13780:
13755:
13727:
13707:Journal articles
13701:
13675:
13657:
13632:
13610:
13587:
13566:
13557:
13537:
13515:
13490:
13481:
13461:
13460:
13458:
13453:on March 3, 2016
13452:
13446:, archived from
13435:
13423:
13391:
13389:
13387:
13370:
13369:
13367:
13348:
13346:
13344:
13318:
13313:. Archived from
13277:
13276:
13274:
13265:, archived from
13253:
13229:
13227:
13225:
13216:. Archived from
13192:
13191:
13188:Gyeonggi Shinmun
13179:
13173:
13172:
13170:
13168:
13154:
13148:
13147:
13135:
13129:
13128:
13116:
13110:
13109:
13102:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13091:
13076:
13070:
13069:
13058:
13052:
13043:link to article.
13035:
13029:
13028:
13021:
13015:
13014:
13012:
13010:
12995:
12989:
12988:
12986:
12984:
12965:
12959:
12958:
12956:
12954:
12933:
12927:
12926:
12914:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12903:
12884:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12874:
12865:, archived from
12853:
12847:
12846:
12829:
12823:
12822:
12820:
12818:
12797:
12791:
12790:
12788:
12786:
12765:
12759:
12758:
12751:Washington Times
12743:
12737:
12736:
12734:
12732:
12713:
12707:
12706:
12704:
12702:
12681:
12675:
12674:
12654:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12643:
12624:
12618:
12617:
12615:
12613:
12598:
12592:
12591:
12589:
12587:
12567:
12561:
12560:
12558:
12556:
12541:
12535:
12534:
12532:
12530:
12511:
12505:
12504:
12502:
12500:
12478:
12472:
12471:
12469:
12467:
12445:
12439:
12438:
12436:
12434:
12412:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12401:
12382:
12376:
12375:
12373:
12371:
12352:
12346:
12345:
12343:
12341:
12321:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12286:
12280:
12279:
12277:
12275:
12255:
12249:
12248:
12246:
12244:
12225:
12219:
12218:
12207:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12196:
12175:
12169:
12168:
12166:
12164:
12159:on April 4, 2019
12153:Kore Asian Media
12145:
12139:
12138:
12136:
12134:
12112:
12106:
12105:
12087:
12081:
12063:
12057:
12056:
12038:
12032:
12031:
12029:
12027:
12007:
12001:
12000:
11998:
11996:
11974:
11968:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11942:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11931:
11912:
11906:
11905:
11903:
11901:
11882:
11876:
11875:
11864:
11858:
11857:
11846:
11840:
11839:
11837:
11835:
11826:. Archived from
11819:
11813:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11802:
11795:
11789:Etsuro Totsuka.
11786:
11780:
11779:
11777:
11775:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11746:
11744:
11729:
11720:
11719:
11717:
11715:
11696:
11687:
11686:
11684:
11682:
11666:
11657:
11645:
11639:
11638:
11627:
11621:
11620:
11618:
11616:
11607:. Archived from
11601:
11595:
11594:
11592:
11590:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11550:. Archived from
11539:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11528:
11509:
11503:
11502:
11500:
11498:
11477:
11471:
11470:
11458:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11444:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11417:
11396:
11390:
11389:
11387:
11385:
11380:on March 8, 2022
11376:. Archived from
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11325:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11279:
11273:
11272:
11271:on May 30, 2022.
11255:
11249:
11248:
11246:
11244:
11222:
11216:
11215:
11205:
11199:
11198:
11196:
11194:
11185:. Archived from
11179:
11173:
11172:
11170:
11168:
11153:
11147:
11146:
11144:
11142:
11127:
11121:
11120:
11118:
11116:
11107:. Archived from
11100:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11080:. Archived from
11074:
11068:
11067:
11039:
11033:
11032:
11017:
11011:
11010:
10999:
10993:
10975:
10969:
10968:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10930:
10924:
10923:
10915:
10909:
10908:
10903:. May 10, 2013.
10891:
10882:
10881:
10866:
10860:
10859:
10846:Shannon Tiezzi.
10843:
10837:
10836:
10821:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10810:
10795:
10789:
10788:
10786:
10784:
10767:
10761:
10760:
10742:
10733:
10732:
10717:
10711:
10710:
10708:
10706:
10687:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10676:
10657:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10642:. Archived from
10641:
10633:
10627:
10626:
10621:. Archived from
10611:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10600:
10581:
10572:
10571:
10558:
10552:
10551:
10549:
10547:
10526:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10515:
10494:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10483:
10468:
10462:
10461:
10459:
10457:
10448:. May 21, 2020.
10442:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10431:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10395:. May 20, 2020.
10385:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10365:. May 19, 2020.
10359:
10353:
10341:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10330:
10311:
10305:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10283:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10252:
10246:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10222:
10216:
10215:
10213:
10211:
10191:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10158:
10152:
10151:
10149:
10147:
10127:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10094:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10083:
10077:
10066:
10058:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10047:
10028:
10022:
10009:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9998:
9978:
9972:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9923:
9914:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9887:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9876:
9867:. Archived from
9856:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9845:
9830:
9824:
9818:
9812:
9805:
9799:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9762:
9756:
9749:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9738:
9724:
9718:
9713:
9707:
9706:
9682:
9671:
9670:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9615:
9609:
9608:
9607:. March 5, 2007.
9601:
9595:
9594:
9584:
9560:
9551:
9550:
9548:
9546:
9530:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9519:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9483:on June 28, 2021
9469:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9425:
9406:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9395:
9376:
9370:
9369:
9367:
9365:
9346:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9335:
9316:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9305:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9256:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9245:
9226:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9206:
9199:
9191:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9162:
9156:
9143:
9134:
9121:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9088:Tessa Berenson.
9085:
9079:
9066:
9060:
9045:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9031:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8979:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8916:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8886:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8875:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8826:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8743:. Archived from
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8700:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8670:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8599:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8549:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8511:
8505:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8460:
8454:
8453:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8426:
8418:
8412:
8409:
8403:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8372:
8363:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8340:
8329:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8303:
8297:
8291:
8282:
8276:
8270:
8247:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8236:
8217:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8206:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8160:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8102:on May 16, 2013.
8092:
8086:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8029:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7969:
7963:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7937:
7916:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7870:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7801:
7782:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7715:
7706:
7705:
7704:on May 19, 2007.
7700:. Archived from
7694:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7670:
7664:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7579:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7474:
7468:
7462:
7456:
7455:, pp. 23–24
7450:
7444:
7443:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7397:
7388:link to article.
7380:
7374:
7371:
7365:
7364:
7336:
7325:
7319:
7304:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7276:
7263:
7257:
7252:
7246:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7225:on June 28, 2007
7224:
7217:
7207:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7172:
7166:
7153:
7147:
7133:Jan Ruff-O'Herne
7130:
7124:
7119:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7086:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7064:, pp. 20–21
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7042:
7035:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7016:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6942:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6918:
6909:
6908:, pp. 19–20
6903:
6894:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6865:
6859:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6649:
6634:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6595:
6589:
6588:
6578:
6554:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6455:. Archived from
6449:
6443:
6442:
6424:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6385:
6379:
6376:
6370:
6356:
6350:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6264:
6258:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6144:(May 14, 2021).
6138:
6132:
6126:
6115:
6114:
6098:
6088:
6082:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5935:
5929:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5770:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5747:. Archived from
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5708:
5702:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5652:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5542:
5518:
5507:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5454:
5448:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5395:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5247:
5241:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5166:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5125:
5114:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5020:
5014:
5005:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4921:
4895:
4889:
4882:
4873:
4857:
4848:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4780:
4774:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4746:, pp. 10–11
4741:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4566:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4541:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4463:
4367:Nora Okja Keller
4177:Nanjing Massacre
4091:Jan Ruff O'Herne
4024:Wiesent, Bavaria
3749:House of Sharing
3743:House of Sharing
3737:House of Sharing
3674:
3569:House of Sharing
3087:
3026:Nariaki Nakayama
3005:Yoshiaki Yoshimi
2986:Tsutomu Nishioka
2957:Nanjing Massacre
2855:homecoming women
2843:Papua New Guinea
2779:Jan Ruff-O'Herne
2758:Jan Ruff O'Herne
2731:Battle of Manila
2726:Battle of Saipan
2629:Nihon University
2531:Japanese-Papuans
2527:Papua New Guinea
2523:Portuguese Timor
2503:French Indochina
2416:French Indochina
2361:Hirofumi Hayashi
2336:Gerhard Weinberg
2299:Nanjing Massacre
2267:Yoshiaki Yoshimi
2233:
2226:
2219:
2203:Emancipation Day
2036:
2003:Slave Trade Acts
694:Byzantine Empire
536:
509:
508:
494:
487:
480:
464:
463:
456:Japan portal
454:
453:
452:
278:Ikuno Korea Town
201:Koreans in Japan
188:
187:
81:
76:
75:
74:
65:Native name
49:
42:
38:
20052:
20051:
20047:
20046:
20045:
20043:
20042:
20041:
20032:Sex trafficking
19997:History of Asia
19947:
19946:
19944:
19942:
19933:
19870:
19864:
19759:
19688:
19649:
19643:
19634:Song Byeong-jun
19587:
19581:
19509:Jeamri Massacre
19485:
19444:
19414:
19383:
19352:
19341:Shinto in Korea
19300:
19291:
19265:
19262:Empire of Japan
19254:
19249:
19219:
19210:
19204:Statue of Peace
19187:
19181:Statue of Peace
19157:
19139:Statue of Peace
19122:
19104:Statue of Peace
19087:
19028:
19010:Statue of Peace
18987:
18981:
18951:
18946:
18939:
18932:
18918:
18916:
18904:
18895:
18888:
18881:
18874:
18865:
18858:
18851:
18842:
18837:Atomic bombings
18835:
18828:
18821:
18814:
18807:
18798:
18791:
18784:
18777:
18770:
18763:
18756:
18749:
18742:
18735:
18728:
18721:
18714:
18707:
18700:
18693:
18680:
18673:
18662:
18655:
18648:
18639:
18632:
18625:
18618:
18611:
18604:
18595:
18586:
18579:
18570:
18563:
18556:
18549:
18540:
18533:
18528:Eastern Romania
18526:
18521:Warsaw Uprising
18519:
18514:Tannenberg Line
18512:
18505:
18500:Western Ukraine
18498:
18489:
18482:
18473:
18464:
18455:
18448:
18441:
18430:
18421:
18408:
18401:
18392:
18385:
18378:
18371:
18364:
18357:
18350:
18341:
18334:
18327:
18318:
18311:
18304:
18297:
18292:Battle of Kursk
18290:
18283:
18276:
18269:
18262:
18249:
18242:
18233:
18226:
18219:
18210:
18203:
18196:
18189:
18180:
18171:
18164:
18157:
18150:
18143:
18136:
18129:
18122:
18115:
18108:
18103:St Nazaire Raid
18101:
18094:
18087:
18074:
18067:
18060:
18053:
18046:
18039:
18032:
18025:
18018:
18011:
18004:
17997:
17990:
17983:
17976:
17969:
17962:
17955:
17948:
17941:
17927:
17918:
17911:
17904:
17897:
17890:
17885:Anglo-Iraqi War
17883:
17876:Battle of Crete
17874:
17867:
17860:
17853:
17846:
17833:
17824:
17817:
17810:
17805:Eastern Romania
17803:
17796:
17789:
17782:
17775:
17768:
17761:
17754:
17747:
17740:
17733:
17726:
17719:
17712:
17705:
17698:
17685:
17678:
17671:
17664:
17657:
17650:
17643:
17636:
17623:
17614:
17607:
17600:
17593:
17586:
17579:
17570:
17563:
17556:
17547:
17540:
17514:
17507:
17500:
17491:
17484:
17479:
17470:
17463:
17456:
17447:
17440:
17431:
17424:
17419:
17412:
17399:
17392:
17383:
17376:
17371:
17366:Western Ukraine
17364:
17357:
17350:
17343:
17336:
17329:
17322:
17315:
17310:Northeast China
17308:
17301:
17294:
17287:
17280:
17273:
17264:
17257:
17250:
17243:
17236:
17229:
17222:
17215:
17208:
17201:
17194:
17187:
17180:
17173:
17166:
17159:
17152:
17145:
17138:
17125:
17118:
17111:
17104:
17097:
17090:
17083:
17076:
17069:
17062:
17055:
17048:
17035:
17028:
17021:
17016:Slovak Republic
17014:
17006:
16999:
16992:
16987:Empire of Japan
16985:
16976:
16968:
16961:
16954:
16947:
16940:
16933:
16925:
16918:
16911:
16903:
16896:
16883:
16876:
16867:
16860:
16851:
16844:
16837:
16830:
16823:
16816:
16809:
16797:
16790:
16783:
16776:
16769:
16762:
16755:
16748:
16741:
16729:
16722:
16715:
16708:
16701:
16689:
16681:
16674:
16667:
16660:
16653:
16646:
16639:
16627:
16620:
16613:
16606:
16599:
16573:
16564:
16557:
16550:
16543:
16532:
16517:
16510:
16503:
16499:Sexual violence
16498:
16491:
16482:
16475:
16468:
16459:
16452:
16445:
16438:
16431:
16422:
16413:
16406:
16399:
16392:
16385:
16378:
16369:
16362:
16355:
16348:
16335:
16328:
16321:
16314:
16305:
16298:
16291:
16284:
16277:
16268:
16259:
16252:
16245:
16238:
16229:
16222:
16217:Greek Civil War
16215:
16208:
16201:
16194:
16187:
16180:
16173:
16160:
16153:
16144:
16137:
16130:
16121:
16114:
16107:
16100:
16091:
16084:
16077:
16068:
16061:
16054:
16047:
16042:South-East Asia
16040:
16033:
16026:
16013:
16006:
15999:
15992:
15985:
15978:
15971:
15964:
15955:
15948:
15941:
15934:
15927:
15920:
15913:
15906:
15901:Military awards
15899:
15890:
15883:
15876:
15867:
15860:
15853:
15846:
15839:
15832:
15825:
15818:
15811:
15804:
15795:
15788:
15768:
15761:
15754:
15745:
15738:
15731:
15726:
15717:
15710:
15703:
15695:
15690:
15608:
15606:
15597:
15588:
15586:
15577:
15568:
15566:
15555:
15533:Wayback Machine
15494:
15492:
15483:
15446:
15430:
15428:
15427:on July 4, 2007
15420:The Japan Times
15402:
15400:
15392:
15388:
15367:
15351:
15340:Wayback Machine
15322:Wayback Machine
15299:(archived from
15271:
15258:
15222:
15198:
15196:
15192:
15169:
15119:Kim-Gibson, D.
15099:
15075:
15017:Further reading
14998:
14996:
14979:
14977:
14976:on May 16, 2007
14956:
14954:
14934:
14932:
14912:
14910:
14906:
14899:
14883:
14881:
14863:
14861:
14842:
14840:
14819:
14817:
14806:"Comfort Women"
14791:
14789:
14785:
14778:
14747:
14740:
14726:
14724:
14721:The Korea Times
14703:
14701:
14692:
14676:
14674:
14657:
14655:
14654:on July 2, 2012
14648:MSN Sankei News
14632:
14630:
14612:
14610:
14590:
14588:
14579:
14571:
14569:
14552:
14550:
14540:Tabuchi, Hiroko
14530:
14528:
14512:
14510:
14493:
14491:
14490:, March 6, 2007
14474:
14472:
14450:
14448:
14433:
14425:
14423:
14406:
14404:
14387:
14385:
14368:
14366:
14349:
14347:
14346:on May 22, 2008
14338:
14330:
14328:
14321:The Korea Times
14304:
14302:
14295:The Japan Times
14278:
14276:
14269:The Japan Times
14253:
14251:
14244:The Japan Times
14228:
14226:
14219:The Japan Times
14200:The Japan Times
14183:
14181:
14180:on July 4, 2007
14174:The Japan Times
14157:
14155:
14148:The Japan Times
14131:
14129:
14122:The Japan Times
14105:
14103:
14084:
14082:
14063:
14061:
14060:on May 18, 2008
14035:
14033:
14032:on May 19, 2008
14024:
14015:
14013:
14012:on June 5, 2008
13989:
13987:
13974:
13951:
13949:
13932:
13930:
13929:, July 13, 2005
13911:
13909:
13908:, March 8, 2007
13892:
13890:
13889:, March 2, 2007
13873:
13871:
13853:
13851:
13842:
13745:10.2307/2170934
13698:
13685:
13673:
13655:
13629:
13608:
13584:
13555:
13535:
13513:
13479:
13456:
13454:
13450:
13444:
13433:
13421:
13405:Bix, Herbert P.
13385:
13383:
13365:
13363:
13342:
13340:
13339:on June 4, 2011
13324:U.S. government
13272:
13270:
13252:on July 9, 2014
13223:
13221:
13201:
13196:
13195:
13180:
13176:
13166:
13164:
13156:
13155:
13151:
13136:
13132:
13117:
13113:
13104:
13103:
13099:
13089:
13087:
13078:
13077:
13073:
13060:
13059:
13055:
13050:Wayback Machine
13039:The Japan Times
13036:
13032:
13023:
13022:
13018:
13008:
13006:
12996:
12992:
12982:
12980:
12967:
12966:
12962:
12952:
12950:
12935:
12934:
12930:
12915:
12911:
12901:
12899:
12886:
12885:
12881:
12872:
12870:
12854:
12850:
12838:The Korea Times
12831:
12830:
12826:
12816:
12814:
12799:
12798:
12794:
12784:
12782:
12774:The Korea Times
12767:
12766:
12762:
12745:
12744:
12740:
12730:
12728:
12715:
12714:
12710:
12700:
12698:
12690:The Chosun Ilbo
12683:
12682:
12678:
12655:
12651:
12641:
12639:
12626:
12625:
12621:
12611:
12609:
12600:
12599:
12595:
12585:
12583:
12568:
12564:
12554:
12552:
12543:
12542:
12538:
12528:
12526:
12513:
12512:
12508:
12498:
12496:
12479:
12475:
12465:
12463:
12446:
12442:
12432:
12430:
12413:
12409:
12399:
12397:
12384:
12383:
12379:
12369:
12367:
12354:
12353:
12349:
12339:
12337:
12322:
12315:
12305:
12303:
12295:The Korea Times
12288:
12287:
12283:
12273:
12271:
12256:
12252:
12242:
12240:
12227:
12226:
12222:
12209:
12208:
12204:
12194:
12192:
12184:The Korea Times
12177:
12176:
12172:
12162:
12160:
12147:
12146:
12142:
12132:
12130:
12113:
12109:
12088:
12084:
12074:Wayback Machine
12064:
12060:
12039:
12035:
12025:
12023:
12008:
12004:
11994:
11992:
11975:
11971:
11961:
11959:
11951:The Korea Times
11944:
11943:
11939:
11929:
11927:
11914:
11913:
11909:
11899:
11897:
11884:
11883:
11879:
11866:
11865:
11861:
11848:
11847:
11843:
11833:
11831:
11820:
11816:
11806:
11804:
11800:
11793:
11787:
11783:
11773:
11771:
11756:
11752:
11742:
11740:
11739:on May 28, 2015
11731:
11730:
11723:
11713:
11711:
11698:
11697:
11690:
11680:
11678:
11667:
11660:
11655:Wayback Machine
11646:
11642:
11629:
11628:
11624:
11614:
11612:
11603:
11602:
11598:
11588:
11586:
11571:
11567:
11557:
11555:
11540:
11536:
11526:
11524:
11511:
11510:
11506:
11496:
11494:
11479:
11478:
11474:
11459:
11452:
11442:
11440:
11429:
11425:
11415:
11413:
11398:
11397:
11393:
11383:
11381:
11368:
11367:
11363:
11353:
11351:
11338:
11337:
11333:
11323:
11321:
11312:
11311:
11307:
11297:
11295:
11282:china, Record.
11280:
11276:
11257:
11256:
11252:
11242:
11240:
11223:
11219:
11207:
11206:
11202:
11192:
11190:
11189:on May 28, 2015
11181:
11180:
11176:
11166:
11164:
11155:
11154:
11150:
11140:
11138:
11129:
11128:
11124:
11114:
11112:
11103:John Hofilena.
11101:
11097:
11087:
11085:
11084:on May 28, 2015
11076:
11075:
11071:
11060:
11040:
11036:
11019:
11018:
11014:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10990:Wayback Machine
10976:
10972:
10959:
10958:
10954:
10931:
10927:
10916:
10912:
10900:The Japan Times
10893:
10892:
10885:
10868:
10867:
10863:
10844:
10840:
10823:
10822:
10818:
10808:
10806:
10797:
10796:
10792:
10782:
10780:
10769:
10768:
10764:
10743:
10736:
10719:
10718:
10714:
10704:
10702:
10689:
10688:
10684:
10674:
10672:
10659:
10658:
10654:
10646:
10639:
10635:
10634:
10630:
10613:
10612:
10608:
10598:
10596:
10583:
10582:
10575:
10560:
10559:
10555:
10545:
10543:
10528:
10527:
10523:
10513:
10511:
10496:
10495:
10491:
10481:
10479:
10470:
10469:
10465:
10455:
10453:
10444:
10443:
10439:
10429:
10427:
10416:
10412:
10402:
10400:
10387:
10386:
10382:
10372:
10370:
10361:
10360:
10356:
10351:Wayback Machine
10342:
10338:
10328:
10326:
10313:
10312:
10308:
10299:
10297:
10284:
10280:
10270:
10268:
10253:
10249:
10239:
10237:
10224:
10223:
10219:
10209:
10207:
10192:
10188:
10178:
10176:
10159:
10155:
10145:
10143:
10128:
10124:
10114:
10112:
10095:
10091:
10081:
10079:
10075:
10064:
10060:
10059:
10055:
10045:
10043:
10030:
10029:
10025:
10019:Wayback Machine
10010:
10006:
9996:
9994:
9987:Washington Post
9979:
9975:
9965:Wayback Machine
9956:
9952:
9942:
9940:
9939:on June 9, 2013
9925:
9924:
9917:
9907:
9905:
9897:The Japan Times
9888:
9884:
9874:
9872:
9857:
9853:
9843:
9841:
9832:
9831:
9827:
9819:
9815:
9806:
9802:
9793:
9789:
9779:
9777:
9763:
9759:
9750:
9746:
9736:
9734:
9726:
9725:
9721:
9714:
9710:
9683:
9674:
9647:
9643:
9616:
9612:
9603:
9602:
9598:
9561:
9554:
9544:
9542:
9532:
9531:
9527:
9517:
9515:
9500:
9496:
9486:
9484:
9471:
9470:
9466:
9456:
9454:
9438:
9437:
9433:
9423:
9421:
9408:
9407:
9403:
9393:
9391:
9378:
9377:
9373:
9363:
9361:
9348:
9347:
9343:
9333:
9331:
9318:
9317:
9313:
9303:
9301:
9288:
9287:
9283:
9273:
9271:
9258:
9257:
9253:
9243:
9241:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9210:
9208:
9204:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9185:
9175:
9173:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9154:Wayback Machine
9144:
9137:
9132:Wayback Machine
9122:
9115:
9105:
9103:
9086:
9082:
9077:Wayback Machine
9067:
9063:
9058:Wayback Machine
9046:
9039:
9029:
9027:
9014:
9013:
9009:
8999:
8997:
8980:
8976:
8966:
8964:
8957:East Asia Forum
8949:
8945:
8935:
8933:
8918:
8917:
8913:
8903:
8901:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8873:
8871:
8858:
8857:
8853:
8843:
8841:
8828:
8827:
8820:
8810:
8808:
8795:
8794:
8790:
8780:
8778:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8750:
8748:
8731:
8727:
8717:
8715:
8702:
8701:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8657:
8655:
8642:
8641:
8637:
8627:
8625:
8612:
8611:
8607:
8597:
8595:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8567:
8565:
8550:
8543:
8533:
8531:
8512:
8508:
8502:Wayback Machine
8492:
8488:
8478:
8476:
8461:
8457:
8444:
8443:
8439:
8431:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8415:
8410:
8406:
8400:Wayback Machine
8391:
8387:
8374:
8373:
8366:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8338:
8327:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8292:
8285:
8277:
8273:
8255:The Chosun Ilbo
8248:
8244:
8234:
8232:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8204:
8202:
8187:
8183:
8173:
8171:
8162:
8161:
8157:
8147:
8145:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8116:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8094:
8093:
8089:
8081:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8030:
8023:
8013:
8011:
8002:
8001:
7997:
7987:
7985:
7970:
7966:
7961:Wayback Machine
7949:
7945:
7935:
7933:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7903:
7901:
7886:
7885:
7881:
7868:
7866:
7849:
7845:
7838:
7821:
7818:水野靖夫 (2006).
7816:
7812:
7799:
7797:
7784:
7783:
7779:
7769:
7767:
7716:
7709:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7683:
7679:
7671:
7667:
7662:
7658:
7643:
7627:
7623:
7613:
7611:
7596:
7580:
7576:
7566:
7564:
7554:
7550:
7540:
7538:
7527:
7526:
7522:
7512:
7510:
7475:
7471:
7463:
7459:
7451:
7447:
7436:
7428:. p. 164.
7416:
7412:
7404:
7400:
7395:Wayback Machine
7384:The Korea Times
7381:
7377:
7372:
7368:
7353:
7337:
7328:
7320:
7307:
7301:Dangerous Women
7298:
7294:
7286:
7279:
7273:Wayback Machine
7264:
7260:
7255:Coop 2006-12-23
7253:
7249:
7242:
7238:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7199:
7190:
7188:
7173:
7169:
7163:Wayback Machine
7154:
7150:
7144:"Talking Heads"
7140:Wayback Machine
7131:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7103:
7101:
7088:
7087:
7080:
7072:
7068:
7060:
7056:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7033:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7012:
6997:
6993:
6984:
6982:
6971:
6970:
6966:
6957:
6955:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6931:
6927:
6919:
6912:
6904:
6897:
6889:
6885:
6877:
6868:
6860:
6841:
6833:
6829:
6821:
6817:
6782:
6775:
6766:
6764:
6757:
6741:
6737:
6727:
6725:
6720:. Taiwan News.
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6687:
6667:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6632:
6626:
6622:
6612:
6610:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6555:
6551:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6529:
6519:
6517:
6502:
6498:
6488:
6486:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6462:
6460:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6439:
6425:
6418:
6408:
6406:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6377:
6373:
6367:Wayback Machine
6357:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6318:
6314:
6304:
6302:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6253:
6249:
6242:
6228:
6224:
6217:
6203:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6157:
6150:Pulitzer Center
6139:
6135:
6127:
6118:
6111:
6089:
6085:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6061:
6057:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6033:
6019:
6015:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5984:
5976:
5972:
5964:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5847:The Japan Times
5840:
5839:
5835:
5827:
5823:
5813:Wayback Machine
5804:
5797:
5787:
5785:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5744:The Japan Times
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5638:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5617:, p. 1135;
5612:
5607:
5603:
5595:
5591:
5560:
5556:
5519:
5510:
5498:Wayback Machine
5488:
5484:
5474:
5472:
5455:
5451:
5441:Wayback Machine
5430:
5429:
5425:
5418:
5414:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5336:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5266:
5262:, p. 1021.
5258:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5208:
5200:. Basic Books.
5192:
5188:
5181:
5167:
5160:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5117:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5044:
5040:
5032:
5023:
5015:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4876:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4836:
4826:
4824:
4781:
4777:
4766:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4742:
4735:
4727:
4723:
4708:
4701:
4674:
4670:
4635:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4552:
4539:
4537:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4386:Rape of Nanjing
4287:
4159:Yasuzō Masumura
4149:
4144:
4138:
4133:
4124:Liu Huang A-tao
4083:
4048:
4036:
4020:
3990:pointed to the
3978:, the mayor of
3927:
3915:Baclaran Church
3910:Roxas Boulevard
3773:
3761:
3745:
3739:
3702:Kiichi Miyazawa
3693:
3687:
3682:
3668:
3666:Mitsuhiko Fujii
3613:
3590:
3585:
3565:
3549:
3495:
3474:
3466:
3434:
3408:
3395:Seijuro Arahune
3294:was mandatory.
3274:
3245:
3239:to protest it.
3104:
3098:
3082:
3062:
3056:
3013:Kiichi Miyazawa
2890:
2863:
2706:
2690:Japanese-Papuan
2479:
2459:
2418:and Indonesia.
2357:
2280:
2258:Rape of Nanking
2237:
2208:
2207:
2112:Slave narrative
2068:Fugitive slaves
2048:
2040:
2039:
2030:
1998:Slave rebellion
1853:
1843:
1842:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1613:United Kingdom
1549:Yankee princess
1143:
1135:
1134:
862:Avret Pazarları
808:Avret Pazarları
677:Medieval Europe
643:
633:
632:
571:Forced marriage
546:
507:
498:
450:
448:
441:
440:
423:Manga Kenkanryu
397:
389:
388:
384:Zainichi cinema
360:
352:
351:
301:
293:
292:
273:
265:
264:
240:
232:
231:
210:
186:
70:
60:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
20050:
20040:
20039:
20034:
20029:
20024:
20019:
20014:
20012:Women in Korea
20009:
20007:Women in China
20004:
19999:
19994:
19989:
19984:
19979:
19974:
19969:
19964:
19959:
19939:
19938:
19935:
19934:
19932:
19931:
19925:
19919:
19913:
19907:
19901:
19898:Kono Statement
19895:
19889:
19883:
19876:
19874:
19863:
19862:
19856:
19850:
19844:
19838:
19832:
19826:
19820:
19814:
19808:
19803:
19798:
19793:
19788:
19783:
19778:
19773:
19767:
19765:
19761:
19760:
19758:
19757:
19752:
19747:
19742:
19737:
19731:
19726:
19721:
19716:
19711:
19706:
19700:
19698:
19694:
19693:
19690:
19689:
19687:
19686:
19681:
19676:
19671:
19666:
19661:
19655:
19653:
19645:
19644:
19642:
19641:
19636:
19631:
19630:
19629:
19627:Park Jung-yang
19619:
19617:Park Yeong-hyo
19614:
19609:
19604:
19599:
19593:
19591:
19583:
19582:
19580:
19579:
19573:
19567:
19561:
19555:
19549:
19546:Kantō Massacre
19543:
19537:
19534:Gando Massacre
19531:
19525:
19524:
19523:
19512:
19506:
19500:
19493:
19491:
19487:
19486:
19484:
19483:
19478:
19473:
19468:
19463:
19461:Hashima Island
19458:
19452:
19450:
19443:
19442:
19437:
19426:
19424:
19420:
19419:
19416:
19415:
19413:
19412:
19407:
19405:Chosen Railway
19402:
19397:
19391:
19389:
19382:
19381:
19376:
19371:
19366:
19360:
19358:
19354:
19353:
19351:
19350:
19349:
19348:
19338:
19332:
19327:
19321:
19315:
19308:
19306:
19302:
19301:
19294:
19292:
19290:
19289:
19284:
19273:
19271:
19267:
19266:
19260:Colony of the
19259:
19256:
19255:
19248:
19247:
19240:
19233:
19225:
19216:
19215:
19212:
19211:
19209:
19208:
19195:
19193:
19189:
19188:
19186:
19185:
19172:
19170:
19163:
19159:
19158:
19156:
19155:
19143:
19130:
19128:
19124:
19123:
19121:
19120:
19108:
19095:
19093:
19089:
19088:
19086:
19085:
19073:
19064:Palisades Park
19061:
19049:
19036:
19034:
19030:
19029:
19027:
19026:
19014:
19004:Peace Monument
18995:
18993:
18989:
18988:
18980:
18979:
18972:
18965:
18957:
18948:
18947:
18945:
18944:
18937:
18930:
18913:
18910:
18909:
18906:
18905:
18903:
18902:
18901:
18900:
18893:
18886:
18872:
18871:
18870:
18856:
18853:South Sakhalin
18849:
18848:
18847:
18833:
18826:
18819:
18812:
18805:
18804:
18803:
18789:
18782:
18775:
18768:
18761:
18754:
18747:
18740:
18733:
18726:
18719:
18712:
18705:
18698:
18690:
18688:
18682:
18681:
18679:
18678:
18671:
18670:
18669:
18653:
18646:
18645:
18644:
18630:
18623:
18616:
18609:
18602:
18593:
18584:
18577:
18568:
18561:
18554:
18547:
18538:
18531:
18524:
18517:
18510:
18503:
18496:
18487:
18480:
18471:
18462:
18453:
18446:
18439:
18428:
18418:
18416:
18410:
18409:
18407:
18406:
18399:
18398:
18397:
18390:
18376:
18369:
18362:
18355:
18348:
18347:
18346:
18332:
18325:
18316:
18309:
18302:
18295:
18288:
18281:
18278:Battle of Attu
18274:
18267:
18259:
18257:
18251:
18250:
18248:
18247:
18240:
18231:
18224:
18217:
18208:
18201:
18194:
18187:
18178:
18177:
18176:
18169:
18155:
18148:
18141:
18134:
18127:
18120:
18113:
18106:
18099:
18092:
18084:
18082:
18076:
18075:
18073:
18072:
18065:
18058:
18051:
18044:
18037:
18030:
18027:Battle of Guam
18023:
18016:
18009:
18002:
17995:
17988:
17981:
17974:
17967:
17960:
17953:
17950:Battle of Kiev
17946:
17939:
17925:
17924:
17923:
17909:
17902:
17895:
17888:
17881:
17880:
17879:
17865:
17858:
17851:
17843:
17841:
17835:
17834:
17832:
17831:
17822:
17815:
17808:
17801:
17794:
17787:
17780:
17773:
17766:
17759:
17752:
17745:
17738:
17731:
17724:
17717:
17710:
17703:
17695:
17693:
17687:
17686:
17684:
17683:
17676:
17669:
17662:
17655:
17648:
17641:
17633:
17631:
17625:
17624:
17622:
17621:
17620:
17619:
17612:
17605:
17598:
17591:
17577:
17576:
17575:
17568:
17554:
17553:
17552:
17537:
17535:
17526:
17520:
17519:
17516:
17515:
17513:
17512:
17505:
17498:
17497:
17496:
17489:
17477:
17476:
17475:
17461:
17454:
17453:
17452:
17449:United Kingdom
17445:
17438:
17437:
17436:
17417:
17409:
17407:
17401:
17400:
17398:
17397:
17390:
17389:
17388:
17381:
17369:
17362:
17355:
17348:
17341:
17334:
17327:
17320:
17313:
17306:
17299:
17292:
17285:
17278:
17271:
17270:
17269:
17262:
17248:
17241:
17234:
17227:
17220:
17213:
17206:
17199:
17192:
17185:
17178:
17171:
17164:
17157:
17150:
17143:
17135:
17133:
17127:
17126:
17124:
17123:
17116:
17109:
17102:
17095:
17088:
17081:
17074:
17067:
17060:
17053:
17045:
17043:
17037:
17036:
17034:
17033:
17026:
17019:
17012:
17004:
16997:
16990:
16983:
16982:
16981:
16966:
16959:
16952:
16945:
16938:
16931:
16923:
16916:
16909:
16901:
16893:
16891:
16885:
16884:
16882:
16881:
16874:
16873:
16872:
16858:
16857:
16856:
16853:British Empire
16846:United Kingdom
16842:
16835:
16828:
16821:
16814:
16807:
16795:
16788:
16781:
16774:
16767:
16760:
16753:
16746:
16739:
16727:
16720:
16713:
16706:
16699:
16687:
16679:
16672:
16665:
16662:Czechoslovakia
16658:
16651:
16644:
16637:
16625:
16618:
16611:
16604:
16596:
16594:
16585:
16579:
16578:
16575:
16574:
16572:
16571:
16570:
16569:
16562:
16559:Rape of Manila
16555:
16548:
16541:
16530:
16515:
16508:
16496:
16489:
16488:
16487:
16480:
16466:
16465:
16464:
16457:
16450:
16436:
16429:
16428:
16427:
16420:
16419:
16418:
16411:
16397:
16390:
16376:
16375:
16374:
16367:
16360:
16345:
16343:
16337:
16336:
16334:
16333:
16330:United Nations
16326:
16319:
16312:
16311:
16310:
16303:
16296:
16289:
16275:
16266:
16257:
16250:
16243:
16236:
16227:
16220:
16213:
16206:
16199:
16192:
16189:Decolonization
16185:
16178:
16170:
16168:
16162:
16161:
16159:
16158:
16151:
16150:
16149:
16135:
16128:
16127:
16126:
16119:
16112:
16098:
16097:
16096:
16089:
16075:
16074:
16073:
16066:
16059:
16052:
16045:
16038:
16023:
16021:
16015:
16014:
16012:
16011:
16004:
15997:
15990:
15983:
15976:
15969:
15962:
15961:
15960:
15953:
15939:
15932:
15925:
15918:
15911:
15904:
15897:
15896:
15895:
15881:
15874:
15873:
15872:
15865:
15862:United Kingdom
15858:
15844:
15837:
15830:
15823:
15816:
15809:
15802:
15801:
15800:
15785:
15783:
15774:
15770:
15769:
15767:
15766:
15759:
15752:
15751:
15750:
15743:
15736:
15724:
15723:
15722:
15708:
15700:
15697:
15696:
15689:
15688:
15681:
15674:
15666:
15660:
15659:
15654:
15648:
15636:
15635:
15625:
15615:
15595:
15575:
15547:
15546:
15540:
15523:
15506:
15501:
15475:
15474:
15468:
15463:
15457:
15443:
15437:
15410:
15386:
15381:
15375:
15364:
15348:
15342:
15330:
15325:
15315:
15309:
15304:
15303:on 2007-02-02)
15294:
15293:
15292:
15270:
15269:External links
15267:
15266:
15265:
15262:
15256:
15241:
15228:Tanaka, Yuki.
15226:
15220:
15205:
15180:(2): 131–146.
15162:
15139:
15132:
15117:
15103:
15097:
15082:
15073:
15056:
15042:
15035:
15014:
15013:
15005:
14986:
14963:
14941:
14919:
14890:
14871:
14849:
14826:
14801:
14766:
14753:
14732:
14711:
14687:Online sources
14684:
14683:
14663:
14638:
14618:
14597:
14577:
14558:
14536:
14527:, Taipei Times
14518:
14499:
14480:
14457:
14431:
14412:
14393:
14374:
14356:
14336:
14310:
14284:
14259:
14234:
14208:
14189:
14163:
14137:
14111:
14090:
14069:
14047:
14044:Scholar search
14022:
14006:Digital Chosun
13996:
13980:Digital Chosun
13972:
13958:
13938:
13917:
13898:
13879:
13860:
13839:
13838:
13832:
13831:
13821:(1/2): 19–31.
13810:
13792:(1): 139–145.
13781:
13764:
13728:
13710:
13709:
13703:
13702:
13696:
13681:Weianfu yanjiu
13676:
13671:
13658:
13653:
13633:
13627:
13612:
13606:
13592:Rose, Caroline
13588:
13582:
13567:
13558:
13553:
13538:
13533:
13516:
13512:978-4106005657
13511:
13491:
13482:
13477:
13462:
13442:
13424:
13419:
13400:
13399:
13393:
13392:
13378:Archived from
13371:
13349:
13327:
13326:
13320:
13319:
13286:
13285:
13279:
13278:
13255:
13238:
13237:
13231:
13230:
13208:
13207:
13205:United Nations
13200:
13197:
13194:
13193:
13174:
13149:
13130:
13111:
13097:
13071:
13053:
13030:
13016:
12990:
12960:
12928:
12909:
12879:
12848:
12824:
12792:
12760:
12738:
12708:
12676:
12657:Jan, Banning.
12649:
12619:
12593:
12562:
12536:
12506:
12473:
12440:
12407:
12377:
12347:
12313:
12281:
12250:
12220:
12202:
12170:
12140:
12107:
12082:
12058:
12033:
12002:
11969:
11937:
11907:
11877:
11859:
11841:
11814:
11781:
11750:
11721:
11688:
11658:
11640:
11631:"한국정신대문제대책협의회"
11622:
11596:
11565:
11534:
11504:
11472:
11450:
11423:
11391:
11361:
11331:
11305:
11274:
11250:
11217:
11200:
11174:
11148:
11122:
11111:on May 3, 2015
11095:
11069:
11058:
11034:
11012:
10994:
10970:
10952:
10925:
10910:
10883:
10861:
10838:
10816:
10790:
10762:
10734:
10725:Foreign Policy
10712:
10682:
10652:
10628:
10606:
10573:
10553:
10521:
10489:
10463:
10437:
10410:
10380:
10354:
10336:
10306:
10278:
10247:
10217:
10186:
10153:
10122:
10089:
10053:
10023:
10004:
9973:
9950:
9915:
9882:
9851:
9825:
9813:
9807:C. Sarah Soh,
9800:
9787:
9757:
9744:
9719:
9708:
9672:
9641:
9610:
9596:
9575:(1): 131–142.
9552:
9525:
9494:
9464:
9431:
9401:
9371:
9341:
9311:
9281:
9251:
9218:
9183:
9157:
9135:
9113:
9080:
9061:
9037:
9007:
8974:
8943:
8911:
8881:
8851:
8818:
8788:
8758:
8725:
8695:
8665:
8635:
8605:
8575:
8541:
8506:
8486:
8455:
8437:
8413:
8404:
8385:
8364:
8352:
8316:
8298:
8283:
8271:
8242:
8212:
8181:
8155:
8125:
8105:
8087:
8075:
8044:(1): 245–256.
8021:
7995:
7964:
7943:
7911:
7879:
7843:
7836:
7810:
7777:
7707:
7689:
7677:
7665:
7656:
7641:
7621:
7594:
7574:
7548:
7520:
7469:
7457:
7445:
7434:
7410:
7398:
7375:
7366:
7351:
7326:
7305:
7292:
7277:
7258:
7247:
7236:
7197:
7167:
7148:
7125:
7111:
7078:
7066:
7054:
7036:. p. 25.
7022:
6991:
6964:
6937:
6925:
6910:
6895:
6883:
6866:
6839:
6837:, p. 154.
6827:
6815:
6796:(3): 475–509.
6773:
6755:
6735:
6704:
6685:
6661:
6620:
6590:
6549:
6538:
6535:Pramoedya 2001
6527:
6496:
6470:
6444:
6437:
6416:
6380:
6371:
6351:
6342:
6324:
6312:
6285:
6259:
6247:
6240:
6222:
6215:
6197:
6167:
6133:
6116:
6110:978-0393316810
6109:
6083:
6067:
6055:
6038:
6032:978-1472512475
6031:
6013:
5996:Vassar College
5982:
5970:
5939:BBC 2000-12-08
5930:
5913:
5883:
5857:
5833:
5821:
5795:
5762:
5729:
5703:
5699:CNN 2001-03-29
5683:BBC 2000-12-08
5674:
5647:
5636:
5628:, p. 528;
5601:
5599:, p. 279.
5597:Weianfu yanjiu
5589:
5554:
5508:
5482:
5449:
5423:
5420:Bae 2007-09-17
5412:
5401:
5387:
5376:
5365:
5354:
5352:(footnote 155)
5334:
5311:
5276:
5264:
5242:
5225:
5206:
5186:
5180:978-1472512475
5179:
5158:
5146:
5115:
5092:
5069:
5038:
5021:
5006:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4946:
4922:
4918:Pramoedya 2001
4913:BBC 2007-03-08
4908:BBC 2007-03-02
4890:
4874:
4849:
4834:
4775:
4760:
4748:
4733:
4721:
4699:
4688:(1): 245–256.
4668:
4649:(3): 475–509.
4629:
4603:
4591:
4576:. March 2021.
4561:
4550:
4516:
4485:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4438:Sexual slavery
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:House of Dolls
4306:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4269:
4260:
4248:
4232:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4193:Tiffany Hsiung
4184:
4170:
4162:
4148:
4145:
4140:Main article:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4115:Philippines –
4113:
4094:
4082:
4079:
4075:Uniting Church
4047:
4044:
4035:
4032:
4019:
4016:
3976:Tōru Hashimoto
3962:In June 2017,
3926:
3923:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3772:
3769:
3760:
3757:
3741:Main article:
3738:
3735:
3689:Main article:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3612:
3609:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3564:
3561:
3553:Rorschach test
3548:
3545:
3494:
3491:
3484:, Philippines.
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3433:
3430:
3407:
3404:
3331:Tōru Hashimoto
3273:
3270:
3244:
3241:
3225:sexual slavery
3212:state immunity
3195:guaranteed by
3124:Yoshihide Suga
3100:Main article:
3097:
3094:
3058:Main article:
3055:
3052:
3031:Yoshihide Suga
3018:Kono Statement
3009:Defense Agency
2991:Shūkan Bunshun
2978:Takashi Uemura
2906:premarital sex
2889:
2886:
2862:
2859:
2705:
2702:
2621:Vassar College
2609:Yoshiko Nozaki
2577:ethnic Chinese
2478:
2475:
2458:
2455:
2388:Tokyo tribunal
2356:
2355:Later archives
2353:
2308:sexual slavery
2295:Yasuji Okamura
2279:
2276:
2254:Carmen Argibay
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2090:List of slaves
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Dutch Republic
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1093:Child soldiers
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Spanish Empire
999:
994:
989:
984:
982:Middle Passage
979:
974:
969:
964:
958:
957:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
844:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
812:
811:
810:
803:Ottoman Empire
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
758:
757:
751:
750:
749:
748:
738:
733:
728:
727:
726:
721:
716:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
651:
650:
644:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
625:
623:Sexual slavery
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
589:
588:
583:
581:Child marriage
578:
568:
563:
558:
556:Child soldiers
553:
547:
542:
541:
538:
537:
529:
528:
518:
517:
506:
503:
500:
499:
497:
496:
489:
482:
474:
471:
470:
469:
468:
458:
443:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
419:
417:Makoto Sakurai
414:
412:Kantō Massacre
409:
398:
396:Discrimination
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
380:
379:
367:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
333:
332:
325:
315:
314:
313:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
285:
280:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
223:
222:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
197:
196:
185:
182:
110:sexual slavery
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
66:
62:
61:
50:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
20049:
20038:
20035:
20033:
20030:
20028:
20025:
20023:
20020:
20018:
20015:
20013:
20010:
20008:
20005:
20003:
20000:
19998:
19995:
19993:
19990:
19988:
19985:
19983:
19980:
19978:
19975:
19973:
19970:
19968:
19965:
19963:
19960:
19958:
19957:Comfort women
19955:
19954:
19952:
19945:
19929:
19926:
19923:
19920:
19917:
19914:
19911:
19908:
19905:
19902:
19899:
19896:
19893:
19890:
19887:
19884:
19881:
19878:
19877:
19875:
19873:
19871:Comfort women
19867:
19860:
19857:
19854:
19851:
19848:
19845:
19842:
19839:
19836:
19833:
19830:
19827:
19824:
19821:
19818:
19815:
19812:
19809:
19807:
19804:
19802:
19799:
19797:
19794:
19792:
19789:
19787:
19784:
19782:
19779:
19777:
19774:
19772:
19769:
19768:
19766:
19762:
19756:
19753:
19751:
19748:
19746:
19743:
19741:
19738:
19735:
19732:
19730:
19727:
19725:
19724:Hyochang Park
19722:
19720:
19717:
19715:
19712:
19710:
19709:Gyeongbokgung
19707:
19705:
19702:
19701:
19699:
19695:
19685:
19682:
19680:
19677:
19675:
19672:
19670:
19667:
19665:
19662:
19660:
19657:
19656:
19654:
19652:
19646:
19640:
19637:
19635:
19632:
19628:
19625:
19624:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19613:
19610:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19598:
19595:
19594:
19592:
19590:
19588:Collaborators
19584:
19577:
19574:
19571:
19568:
19565:
19562:
19559:
19556:
19553:
19550:
19547:
19544:
19541:
19538:
19535:
19532:
19529:
19526:
19522:
19519:
19518:
19516:
19513:
19510:
19507:
19504:
19501:
19498:
19495:
19494:
19492:
19488:
19482:
19479:
19477:
19474:
19472:
19469:
19467:
19464:
19462:
19459:
19457:
19454:
19453:
19451:
19447:
19441:
19438:
19435:
19431:
19430:Comfort women
19428:
19427:
19425:
19423:Controversies
19421:
19411:
19408:
19406:
19403:
19401:
19398:
19396:
19393:
19392:
19390:
19386:
19380:
19377:
19375:
19372:
19370:
19367:
19365:
19362:
19361:
19359:
19355:
19347:
19344:
19343:
19342:
19339:
19336:
19333:
19331:
19328:
19325:
19322:
19319:
19316:
19313:
19310:
19309:
19307:
19303:
19288:
19285:
19282:
19278:
19275:
19274:
19272:
19268:
19263:
19257:
19253:
19246:
19241:
19239:
19234:
19232:
19227:
19226:
19223:
19206:
19205:
19200:
19197:
19196:
19194:
19190:
19183:
19182:
19177:
19174:
19173:
19171:
19167:
19164:
19160:
19153:
19152:
19147:
19144:
19141:
19140:
19135:
19132:
19131:
19129:
19125:
19118:
19117:
19112:
19111:Nassau County
19109:
19106:
19105:
19100:
19097:
19096:
19094:
19090:
19083:
19082:
19077:
19074:
19071:
19070:
19065:
19062:
19059:
19058:
19053:
19050:
19047:
19046:
19041:
19040:Bergen County
19038:
19037:
19035:
19031:
19024:
19023:
19018:
19017:San Francisco
19015:
19012:
19011:
19006:
19005:
19000:
18997:
18996:
18994:
18990:
18985:
18984:Comfort Women
18978:
18973:
18971:
18966:
18964:
18959:
18958:
18955:
18942:
18938:
18935:
18931:
18928:
18927:
18922:
18915:
18914:
18911:
18898:
18894:
18891:
18887:
18884:
18880:
18879:
18877:
18873:
18868:
18864:
18863:
18861:
18860:Kuril Islands
18857:
18854:
18850:
18845:
18841:
18840:
18838:
18834:
18831:
18827:
18824:
18820:
18817:
18813:
18810:
18806:
18801:
18797:
18796:
18794:
18790:
18787:
18783:
18780:
18776:
18773:
18769:
18766:
18762:
18759:
18755:
18752:
18748:
18745:
18741:
18738:
18734:
18731:
18727:
18724:
18720:
18717:
18713:
18710:
18706:
18703:
18699:
18696:
18692:
18691:
18689:
18687:
18683:
18676:
18672:
18667:
18666:
18661:
18660:
18658:
18654:
18651:
18647:
18642:
18638:
18637:
18635:
18631:
18628:
18627:Syrmian Front
18624:
18621:
18617:
18614:
18610:
18607:
18603:
18600:
18599:
18594:
18591:
18590:
18585:
18582:
18578:
18575:
18574:
18573:Market Garden
18569:
18566:
18562:
18559:
18555:
18552:
18548:
18545:
18544:
18539:
18536:
18532:
18529:
18525:
18522:
18518:
18515:
18511:
18508:
18504:
18501:
18497:
18494:
18493:
18488:
18485:
18481:
18478:
18477:
18472:
18469:
18468:
18463:
18460:
18459:
18454:
18451:
18447:
18444:
18440:
18437:
18433:
18432:Monte Cassino
18429:
18426:
18425:
18420:
18419:
18417:
18415:
18411:
18404:
18400:
18395:
18391:
18388:
18384:
18383:
18381:
18377:
18374:
18370:
18367:
18363:
18360:
18356:
18353:
18349:
18344:
18340:
18339:
18337:
18333:
18330:
18326:
18323:
18322:
18317:
18314:
18310:
18307:
18303:
18300:
18296:
18293:
18289:
18286:
18282:
18279:
18275:
18272:
18268:
18265:
18261:
18260:
18258:
18256:
18252:
18245:
18241:
18238:
18237:
18232:
18229:
18225:
18222:
18218:
18215:
18214:
18209:
18206:
18202:
18199:
18195:
18192:
18188:
18185:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18170:
18167:
18163:
18162:
18160:
18156:
18153:
18149:
18146:
18142:
18139:
18135:
18132:
18128:
18125:
18121:
18118:
18114:
18111:
18107:
18104:
18100:
18097:
18093:
18090:
18086:
18085:
18083:
18081:
18077:
18070:
18066:
18063:
18059:
18056:
18052:
18049:
18045:
18042:
18038:
18035:
18031:
18028:
18024:
18021:
18017:
18014:
18010:
18007:
18003:
18000:
17996:
17993:
17989:
17986:
17982:
17979:
17975:
17972:
17968:
17965:
17961:
17958:
17954:
17951:
17947:
17944:
17940:
17936:
17935:
17930:
17926:
17921:
17917:
17916:
17914:
17910:
17907:
17903:
17900:
17896:
17893:
17889:
17886:
17882:
17877:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17866:
17863:
17859:
17856:
17852:
17849:
17845:
17844:
17842:
17840:
17836:
17829:
17828:
17823:
17820:
17816:
17813:
17809:
17806:
17802:
17799:
17798:Baltic states
17795:
17792:
17788:
17785:
17781:
17778:
17774:
17771:
17767:
17764:
17760:
17757:
17753:
17750:
17746:
17743:
17739:
17736:
17732:
17729:
17725:
17722:
17718:
17715:
17711:
17708:
17704:
17701:
17697:
17696:
17694:
17692:
17688:
17681:
17677:
17674:
17670:
17667:
17663:
17660:
17656:
17653:
17649:
17646:
17642:
17639:
17635:
17634:
17632:
17630:
17626:
17617:
17613:
17610:
17606:
17603:
17599:
17596:
17592:
17589:
17585:
17584:
17582:
17578:
17573:
17569:
17566:
17562:
17561:
17559:
17555:
17550:
17546:
17545:
17543:
17539:
17538:
17536:
17534:
17530:
17527:
17525:
17521:
17510:
17506:
17503:
17499:
17494:
17490:
17487:
17483:
17482:
17478:
17473:
17469:
17468:
17466:
17462:
17459:
17455:
17450:
17446:
17443:
17442:United States
17439:
17434:
17430:
17429:
17427:
17423:
17422:
17418:
17415:
17411:
17410:
17408:
17406:
17402:
17395:
17391:
17386:
17382:
17379:
17378:Quốc dân Đảng
17375:
17374:
17370:
17367:
17363:
17360:
17356:
17353:
17349:
17346:
17342:
17339:
17335:
17332:
17328:
17325:
17321:
17318:
17314:
17311:
17307:
17304:
17300:
17297:
17293:
17290:
17286:
17283:
17279:
17276:
17272:
17267:
17263:
17260:
17256:
17255:
17253:
17249:
17246:
17242:
17239:
17235:
17232:
17228:
17225:
17221:
17218:
17214:
17211:
17207:
17204:
17200:
17197:
17193:
17190:
17186:
17183:
17179:
17176:
17172:
17169:
17165:
17162:
17158:
17155:
17151:
17148:
17144:
17141:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17132:
17128:
17121:
17117:
17114:
17110:
17107:
17103:
17100:
17096:
17093:
17089:
17086:
17082:
17079:
17078:Liechtenstein
17075:
17072:
17068:
17065:
17061:
17058:
17054:
17051:
17047:
17046:
17044:
17042:
17038:
17031:
17027:
17024:
17020:
17017:
17013:
17009:
17005:
17002:
16998:
16995:
16991:
16988:
16984:
16979:
16975:
16974:
16971:
16967:
16964:
16960:
16957:
16953:
16950:
16946:
16943:
16939:
16936:
16932:
16928:
16924:
16921:
16917:
16914:
16910:
16906:
16902:
16899:
16895:
16894:
16892:
16890:
16886:
16879:
16875:
16870:
16866:
16865:
16863:
16862:United States
16859:
16854:
16850:
16849:
16847:
16843:
16840:
16836:
16833:
16829:
16826:
16822:
16819:
16815:
16812:
16808:
16804:
16800:
16796:
16793:
16789:
16786:
16782:
16779:
16775:
16772:
16768:
16765:
16761:
16758:
16754:
16751:
16747:
16744:
16740:
16736:
16732:
16728:
16725:
16721:
16718:
16714:
16711:
16707:
16704:
16700:
16696:
16692:
16688:
16684:
16680:
16677:
16673:
16670:
16666:
16663:
16659:
16656:
16652:
16649:
16645:
16642:
16638:
16634:
16630:
16626:
16623:
16619:
16616:
16612:
16609:
16605:
16602:
16598:
16597:
16595:
16593:
16589:
16586:
16584:
16580:
16567:
16563:
16560:
16556:
16553:
16552:Comfort women
16549:
16546:
16542:
16539:
16536: /
16535:
16531:
16528:
16525: /
16524:
16521: /
16520:
16516:
16513:
16512:Camp brothels
16509:
16506:
16502:
16501:
16497:
16494:
16490:
16485:
16481:
16478:
16474:
16473:
16471:
16467:
16462:
16458:
16455:
16451:
16448:
16444:
16443:
16441:
16437:
16434:
16430:
16425:
16421:
16416:
16412:
16409:
16405:
16404:
16402:
16401:The Holocaust
16398:
16395:
16391:
16388:
16387:forced labour
16384:
16383:
16381:
16377:
16372:
16368:
16365:
16361:
16358:
16354:
16353:
16351:
16347:
16346:
16344:
16342:
16338:
16331:
16327:
16324:
16320:
16317:
16313:
16308:
16304:
16301:
16297:
16294:
16290:
16287:
16283:
16282:
16280:
16276:
16273:
16272:
16267:
16264:
16263:
16258:
16255:
16251:
16248:
16244:
16241:
16240:Marshall Plan
16237:
16234:
16233:
16228:
16225:
16221:
16218:
16214:
16211:
16207:
16204:
16200:
16197:
16193:
16190:
16186:
16183:
16179:
16176:
16172:
16171:
16169:
16167:
16163:
16156:
16152:
16147:
16143:
16142:
16140:
16136:
16133:
16129:
16124:
16120:
16117:
16113:
16110:
16106:
16105:
16103:
16099:
16094:
16093:Eastern Front
16090:
16087:
16086:Western Front
16083:
16082:
16080:
16076:
16071:
16067:
16064:
16060:
16057:
16053:
16050:
16046:
16043:
16039:
16036:
16032:
16031:
16029:
16025:
16024:
16022:
16020:
16016:
16009:
16005:
16002:
15998:
15995:
15991:
15988:
15984:
15981:
15980:Puppet states
15977:
15974:
15970:
15967:
15963:
15958:
15954:
15951:
15947:
15946:
15944:
15940:
15937:
15933:
15930:
15926:
15923:
15922:Naval history
15919:
15916:
15912:
15909:
15905:
15902:
15898:
15893:
15889:
15888:
15886:
15882:
15879:
15875:
15870:
15869:United States
15866:
15863:
15859:
15856:
15852:
15851:
15849:
15845:
15842:
15838:
15835:
15831:
15828:
15824:
15821:
15817:
15814:
15810:
15807:
15803:
15798:
15794:
15793:
15791:
15787:
15786:
15784:
15782:
15778:
15775:
15771:
15764:
15760:
15757:
15753:
15748:
15744:
15741:
15737:
15734:
15730:
15729:
15725:
15720:
15716:
15715:
15713:
15709:
15706:
15702:
15701:
15698:
15694:
15687:
15682:
15680:
15675:
15673:
15668:
15667:
15664:
15658:
15655:
15652:
15649:
15646:
15643:
15642:
15641:
15640:
15633:
15629:
15626:
15623:
15619:
15616:
15604:
15600:
15596:
15584:
15580:
15576:
15564:
15563:
15558:
15554:
15553:
15552:
15551:
15544:
15541:
15538:
15534:
15530:
15527:
15524:
15521:
15517:
15516:archive.today
15513:
15510:
15507:
15505:
15502:
15490:
15486:
15482:
15481:
15480:
15479:
15472:
15469:
15467:
15464:
15461:
15458:
15455:
15451:
15449:
15444:
15441:
15438:
15426:
15422:
15421:
15416:
15411:
15398:
15391:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15379:
15378:Photo gallery
15376:
15374:
15370:
15365:
15362:
15358:
15354:
15349:
15346:
15345:"The Victims"
15343:
15341:
15337:
15334:
15333:121 Coalition
15331:
15329:
15326:
15323:
15319:
15316:
15314:(in Japanese)
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15302:
15298:
15295:
15291:
15290:Asahi Shimbun
15287:
15284:
15283:
15282:
15281:
15280:Asahi Shimbun
15276:
15273:
15272:
15263:
15259:
15253:
15249:
15248:
15242:
15239:
15238:0-415-19401-6
15235:
15231:
15227:
15223:
15217:
15213:
15212:
15206:
15191:
15187:
15183:
15179:
15175:
15168:
15163:
15160:
15159:0-415-26044-2
15156:
15152:
15151:0-415-19194-7
15148:
15144:
15140:
15137:
15134:Levin, Mark,
15133:
15130:
15129:0-931209-88-9
15126:
15122:
15118:
15115:
15114:0-14-026335-7
15111:
15107:
15104:
15100:
15094:
15090:
15089:
15083:
15080:
15076:
15070:
15065:
15064:
15057:
15054:
15053:971-8686-11-8
15050:
15046:
15043:
15040:
15036:
15033:
15029:
15025:
15021:
15020:
15019:
15018:
15011:
15010:
15006:
14994:
14993:
14987:
14975:
14971:
14970:
14964:
14952:
14948:
14947:
14942:
14930:
14926:
14925:
14920:
14905:
14898:
14897:
14891:
14879:
14878:
14872:
14859:
14855:
14852:WCCW (2004).
14850:
14838:
14834:
14833:
14827:
14815:
14811:
14807:
14802:
14799:
14784:
14777:
14776:
14771:
14770:Hata, Ikuhiko
14767:
14763:
14759:
14754:
14746:
14739:
14738:
14733:
14722:
14718:
14717:
14712:
14699:
14695:
14691:
14690:
14689:
14688:
14673:
14669:
14664:
14653:
14649:
14645:
14644:
14639:
14628:
14624:
14619:
14608:
14604:
14603:
14598:
14586:
14582:
14578:
14568:
14564:
14559:
14549:
14545:
14541:
14537:
14526:
14525:
14519:
14509:
14505:
14500:
14489:
14485:
14481:
14470:
14466:
14462:
14458:
14446:
14442:
14441:
14436:
14432:
14422:
14418:
14413:
14403:
14399:
14394:
14384:
14380:
14375:
14364:
14363:
14357:
14345:
14341:
14337:
14326:
14322:
14318:
14317:
14311:
14300:
14296:
14292:
14291:
14285:
14274:
14270:
14266:
14265:
14260:
14249:
14245:
14241:
14240:
14235:
14224:
14220:
14216:
14215:
14209:
14205:
14201:
14197:
14196:
14190:
14179:
14175:
14171:
14170:
14164:
14153:
14149:
14145:
14144:
14138:
14127:
14123:
14119:
14118:
14112:
14101:
14097:
14096:
14091:
14080:
14076:
14075:
14070:
14059:
14055:
14054:
14048:
14045:
14031:
14027:
14023:
14011:
14007:
14003:
14002:
13997:
13985:
13981:
13977:
13973:
13969:
13965:
13964:
13959:
13947:
13943:
13939:
13928:
13924:
13923:
13918:
13907:
13903:
13899:
13888:
13884:
13880:
13869:
13865:
13861:
13849:
13845:
13841:
13840:
13837:
13836:News articles
13834:
13833:
13828:
13824:
13820:
13816:
13811:
13807:
13803:
13799:
13795:
13791:
13787:
13782:
13778:
13774:
13770:
13765:
13763:
13759:
13754:
13750:
13746:
13742:
13738:
13734:
13729:
13725:
13721:
13717:
13712:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13704:
13699:
13693:
13689:
13682:
13677:
13674:
13668:
13664:
13659:
13656:
13654:9789799023483
13650:
13646:
13642:
13638:
13634:
13630:
13624:
13620:
13619:
13613:
13609:
13603:
13600:, Routledge,
13599:
13598:
13593:
13589:
13585:
13583:9780786488346
13579:
13576:. McFarland.
13575:
13574:
13568:
13564:
13559:
13556:
13550:
13546:
13545:
13539:
13536:
13534:9780691043821
13530:
13526:
13522:
13517:
13514:
13508:
13504:
13500:
13496:
13495:Hata, Ikuhiko
13492:
13488:
13483:
13480:
13474:
13470:
13469:
13463:
13449:
13445:
13439:
13432:
13431:
13425:
13422:
13416:
13412:
13411:
13406:
13402:
13401:
13398:
13395:
13394:
13381:
13377:
13372:
13361:
13357:
13356:
13350:
13338:
13334:
13329:
13328:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13316:
13312:
13308:
13304:
13300:
13296:
13292:
13288:
13287:
13284:
13281:
13280:
13268:
13264:
13260:
13256:
13251:
13247:
13246:
13240:
13239:
13236:
13233:
13232:
13219:
13215:
13210:
13209:
13206:
13203:
13202:
13189:
13185:
13178:
13163:
13159:
13153:
13145:
13141:
13134:
13126:
13122:
13115:
13107:
13101:
13085:
13081:
13075:
13067:
13063:
13062:"The Apology"
13057:
13051:
13047:
13044:
13040:
13034:
13026:
13020:
13005:
13001:
12994:
12978:
12974:
12970:
12964:
12953:September 22,
12948:
12944:
12943:
12938:
12932:
12924:
12920:
12913:
12897:
12893:
12889:
12883:
12868:
12864:
12863:
12858:
12852:
12844:
12840:
12839:
12834:
12828:
12812:
12808:
12807:
12802:
12796:
12785:September 12,
12780:
12776:
12775:
12770:
12764:
12756:
12752:
12748:
12742:
12726:
12722:
12718:
12712:
12701:September 12,
12696:
12692:
12691:
12686:
12680:
12673:
12668:
12664:
12660:
12653:
12637:
12633:
12629:
12623:
12607:
12603:
12597:
12581:
12577:
12573:
12566:
12555:September 13,
12550:
12546:
12540:
12524:
12520:
12516:
12510:
12494:
12490:
12489:
12484:
12477:
12461:
12457:
12456:
12451:
12444:
12428:
12424:
12423:
12418:
12411:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12381:
12365:
12361:
12357:
12351:
12335:
12331:
12327:
12320:
12318:
12301:
12297:
12296:
12291:
12285:
12269:
12265:
12261:
12254:
12238:
12234:
12230:
12224:
12216:
12212:
12206:
12190:
12186:
12185:
12180:
12174:
12158:
12154:
12150:
12144:
12128:
12124:
12123:
12118:
12111:
12103:
12099:
12098:
12093:
12086:
12079:
12075:
12071:
12068:
12062:
12054:
12050:
12049:
12044:
12037:
12021:
12017:
12013:
12006:
11990:
11986:
11985:
11980:
11973:
11957:
11953:
11952:
11947:
11941:
11925:
11921:
11917:
11911:
11900:September 13,
11895:
11891:
11887:
11881:
11873:
11869:
11863:
11855:
11851:
11845:
11829:
11825:
11818:
11799:
11792:
11785:
11769:
11765:
11764:Women's Enews
11761:
11754:
11738:
11734:
11728:
11726:
11709:
11705:
11701:
11695:
11693:
11676:
11672:
11665:
11663:
11656:
11652:
11649:
11644:
11636:
11632:
11626:
11610:
11606:
11600:
11584:
11580:
11576:
11569:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11538:
11522:
11518:
11514:
11508:
11492:
11488:
11487:
11482:
11476:
11468:
11464:
11457:
11455:
11438:
11434:
11427:
11411:
11407:
11406:
11401:
11395:
11379:
11375:
11371:
11365:
11354:September 13,
11349:
11345:
11341:
11335:
11324:September 13,
11319:
11315:
11309:
11293:
11289:
11285:
11278:
11270:
11266:
11265:
11260:
11254:
11238:
11234:
11233:
11228:
11221:
11213:
11212:
11204:
11188:
11184:
11178:
11162:
11158:
11152:
11136:
11132:
11126:
11110:
11106:
11099:
11083:
11079:
11073:
11065:
11061:
11055:
11052:. Routledge.
11051:
11050:
11045:
11038:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11016:
11008:
11004:
10998:
10991:
10987:
10984:
10980:
10974:
10966:
10962:
10956:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10936:
10929:
10921:
10914:
10906:
10902:
10901:
10896:
10890:
10888:
10879:
10875:
10871:
10865:
10857:
10853:
10849:
10842:
10834:
10830:
10826:
10820:
10804:
10800:
10794:
10778:
10777:
10772:
10766:
10758:
10754:
10753:
10748:
10741:
10739:
10730:
10726:
10722:
10716:
10700:
10696:
10692:
10686:
10670:
10666:
10662:
10656:
10645:
10638:
10632:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10610:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10580:
10578:
10569:
10568:
10563:
10557:
10541:
10537:
10536:
10535:The Hankyoreh
10531:
10525:
10509:
10505:
10504:
10499:
10493:
10477:
10473:
10467:
10451:
10447:
10441:
10425:
10421:
10414:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10384:
10368:
10364:
10358:
10352:
10348:
10345:
10340:
10324:
10320:
10319:www.awf.or.jp
10316:
10310:
10295:
10291:
10290:
10282:
10266:
10262:
10258:
10251:
10235:
10231:
10227:
10221:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10190:
10174:
10170:
10169:
10164:
10157:
10141:
10137:
10133:
10126:
10110:
10106:
10105:
10100:
10093:
10074:
10070:
10063:
10057:
10041:
10037:
10033:
10027:
10020:
10016:
10013:
10008:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9977:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9954:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9928:
9922:
9920:
9903:
9899:
9898:
9893:
9886:
9870:
9866:
9865:World Tribune
9862:
9855:
9839:
9835:
9829:
9823:, p. 41.
9822:
9817:
9810:
9804:
9798:, p. 18.
9797:
9791:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9761:
9754:
9753:Yoneyama 2002
9748:
9733:
9729:
9723:
9717:
9712:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9692:
9688:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9645:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9625:
9621:
9614:
9606:
9600:
9592:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9559:
9557:
9541:
9540:
9535:
9529:
9513:
9509:
9505:
9498:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9468:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9441:
9435:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9405:
9389:
9385:
9381:
9375:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9329:
9325:
9321:
9315:
9299:
9295:
9291:
9285:
9269:
9265:
9261:
9255:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9225:
9223:
9203:
9196:
9190:
9188:
9171:
9167:
9161:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9142:
9140:
9133:
9129:
9126:
9120:
9118:
9101:
9097:
9096:
9091:
9084:
9078:
9074:
9071:
9065:
9059:
9055:
9052:
9051:
9044:
9042:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9011:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8985:
8978:
8962:
8958:
8954:
8947:
8936:September 27,
8931:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8915:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8885:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8855:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8825:
8823:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8746:
8742:
8741:
8736:
8729:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8669:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8609:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8579:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8548:
8546:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8517:
8510:
8503:
8499:
8496:
8490:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8459:
8451:
8447:
8441:
8430:
8423:
8417:
8408:
8401:
8397:
8394:
8389:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8369:
8361:
8356:
8337:
8333:
8326:
8320:
8312:
8308:
8302:
8296:, p. 40.
8295:
8290:
8288:
8280:
8275:
8268:
8267:archive.today
8264:
8261:
8257:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8185:
8169:
8165:
8159:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8121:
8117:
8109:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8084:
8079:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8028:
8026:
8009:
8005:
7999:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7968:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7952:
7947:
7931:
7927:
7926:
7921:
7915:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7876:
7864:
7861:(in Korean).
7860:
7859:
7858:JoongAng Ilbo
7854:
7847:
7839:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7814:
7807:
7795:
7791:
7790:Nikkan Berita
7787:
7781:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7721:
7714:
7712:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7687:, p. 160
7686:
7681:
7675:, p. 148
7674:
7669:
7660:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7642:0-7656-0543-0
7638:
7634:
7633:
7625:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7587:
7586:
7578:
7563:
7559:
7552:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7524:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7473:
7466:
7465:Watanabe 1999
7461:
7454:
7453:Watanabe 1999
7449:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7414:
7407:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7370:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7324:, p. 319
7323:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7302:
7296:
7289:
7284:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7251:
7245:
7240:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7152:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7129:
7123:
7118:
7116:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7075:
7074:Watanabe 1999
7070:
7063:
7062:Watanabe 1999
7058:
7039:
7032:
7026:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6995:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6968:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6941:
6935:, p. 316
6934:
6929:
6922:
6921:Watanabe 1999
6917:
6915:
6907:
6906:Watanabe 1999
6902:
6900:
6893:, p. 315
6892:
6887:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6864:, p. 320
6863:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6819:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6780:
6778:
6762:
6758:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6739:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6708:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6665:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6594:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6553:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6531:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6500:
6489:September 26,
6484:
6480:
6474:
6463:September 26,
6458:
6454:
6448:
6440:
6438:9781848840485
6434:
6430:
6423:
6421:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6375:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6355:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6321:
6316:
6300:
6296:
6289:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6256:
6251:
6243:
6241:9789793780634
6237:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6216:9781844159123
6212:
6208:
6201:
6185:
6181:
6180:www.awf.or.jp
6177:
6171:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6131:, p. 312
6130:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6087:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6064:
6059:
6053:, p. 41.
6052:
6047:
6042:
6034:
6028:
6024:
6017:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5974:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5837:
5830:
5825:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5733:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5700:
5695:
5694:AP 2007-03-07
5690:
5684:
5678:
5662:
5658:
5651:
5645:
5640:
5633:
5627:
5623:, p. 91;
5622:
5616:
5610:
5605:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5558:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5486:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5445:JoongAng Ilbo
5442:
5438:
5435:
5431:(in Japanese)
5427:
5421:
5416:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5362:Fujiwara 1998
5358:
5341:
5337:
5335:9780511252938
5331:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5280:
5274:, p. 378
5273:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5207:9780465028252
5203:
5199:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5154:Mitchell 1997
5150:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5112:
5104:September 25,
5099:
5095:
5093:9781134650125
5089:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5019:, p. 144
5018:
5013:
5011:
5001:
4995:, p. 377
4994:
4989:
4983:, p. 376
4982:
4977:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4939:
4932:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4845:Mitchell 1997
4841:
4839:
4827:September 12,
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4795:(2): 129–36.
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4757:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4704:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4600:
4595:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4554:
4547:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Comfort Woman
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4316:/Joy Division
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4257:Jing-Jing Lee
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4100:(1924–1997);
4099:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3925:United States
3922:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3896:
3895:Bahay na Pula
3892:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3789:Bahay na Pula
3785:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3469:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3426:Akira Ikegami
3423:
3419:
3418:Seiji Yoshida
3415:
3414:
3413:Asahi Shimbun
3403:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3359:In 2018, the
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:In 2014, the
3346:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3272:Controversies
3269:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:National Diet
3240:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3153:Fumio Kishida
3150:
3145:
3142:9.7 billion;
3141:
3137:
3132:
3131:Park Geun-hye
3127:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2973:Asahi Shimbun
2969:
2968:Seiji Yoshida
2964:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2816:Bangka Island
2812:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:Bruce Cumings
2640:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:According to
2598:
2593:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2408:Kwantung Army
2404:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Slave catcher
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Forced labour
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:Abolitionists
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:comfort women
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:Chukri System
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Latin America
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:interregional
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:prison labour
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:United States
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:White slavery
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:Slave raiding
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Corvée labour
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:Abbasid harem
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
815:Barbary Coast
813:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
752:
747:
744:
743:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
646:
645:
642:
637:
636:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
545:
540:
539:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:Forced labour
520:
519:
515:
511:
510:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
473:
472:
467:
459:
457:
447:
446:
445:
444:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
424:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Comfort women
405:
404:
403:
400:
399:
393:
392:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
368:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
331:
330:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:Organizations
297:
296:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
236:
235:
228:
225:
221:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
205:
202:
199:
198:
194:
190:
189:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:comfort women
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:Comfort women
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
67:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
40:Comfort women
35:
31:
26:
22:
19987:Women in war
19943:
19869:
19745:Keijō Shrine
19719:Heijō Shrine
19622:Refrain Club
19449:Forced labor
19429:
19369:Hwacheon Dam
19346:State Shinto
19335:Sōshi-kaimei
19202:
19179:
19162:Other states
19151:Peace Garden
19150:
19137:
19114:
19102:
19080:
19068:
19056:
19044:
19021:
19008:
19003:
18934:Bibliography
18917:
18730:Project Hula
18695:Vistula–Oder
18664:
18597:
18588:
18572:
18542:
18491:
18475:
18466:
18457:
18423:
18320:
18235:
18211:
18181:
17932:
17825:
17770:North Africa
17472:Soviet Union
17426:Soviet Union
17352:Soviet Union
17120:Vatican City
17030:Vichy France
16935:German Reich
16832:Soviet Union
16818:South Africa
16811:Sierra Leone
16764:Newfoundland
16583:Participants
16566:Marocchinate
16551:
16270:
16261:
16231:
16109:North Africa
16070:Indian Ocean
15929:Nazi plunder
15820:Cryptography
15693:World War II
15638:
15637:
15631:
15621:
15607:. Retrieved
15602:
15587:. Retrieved
15582:
15567:. Retrieved
15560:
15549:
15548:
15536:
15493:. Retrieved
15489:the original
15477:
15476:
15447:
15429:. Retrieved
15425:the original
15418:
15403:December 12,
15401:. Retrieved
15301:the original
15289:
15278:
15246:
15229:
15210:
15197:. Retrieved
15190:the original
15177:
15173:
15142:
15120:
15087:
15078:
15062:
15038:
15023:
15016:
15015:
15007:
14997:, retrieved
14991:
14978:, retrieved
14974:the original
14968:
14955:, retrieved
14951:the original
14945:
14933:, retrieved
14929:the original
14923:
14913:November 26,
14911:, retrieved
14904:the original
14895:
14882:, retrieved
14876:
14862:. Retrieved
14858:the original
14841:, retrieved
14837:the original
14831:
14818:. Retrieved
14814:the original
14809:
14797:
14792:November 10,
14790:. Retrieved
14783:the original
14774:
14761:
14745:the original
14736:
14727:December 30,
14725:, retrieved
14715:
14702:. Retrieved
14698:the original
14686:
14685:
14677:December 20,
14675:. Retrieved
14671:
14656:, retrieved
14652:the original
14642:
14631:, retrieved
14627:The Guardian
14626:
14611:, retrieved
14601:
14589:. Retrieved
14585:the original
14570:, retrieved
14566:
14551:, retrieved
14547:
14529:, retrieved
14523:
14511:, retrieved
14507:
14492:, retrieved
14487:
14484:"No Comfort"
14473:, retrieved
14469:the original
14464:
14449:. Retrieved
14445:the original
14438:
14424:, retrieved
14420:
14405:, retrieved
14401:
14386:, retrieved
14382:
14367:, retrieved
14361:
14348:. Retrieved
14344:the original
14329:, retrieved
14325:the original
14315:
14303:, retrieved
14299:the original
14289:
14277:, retrieved
14273:the original
14263:
14252:, retrieved
14248:the original
14238:
14227:, retrieved
14223:the original
14213:
14204:the original
14194:
14182:, retrieved
14178:the original
14168:
14156:, retrieved
14152:the original
14142:
14132:December 23,
14130:, retrieved
14126:the original
14116:
14104:, retrieved
14100:the original
14094:
14083:, retrieved
14079:the original
14073:
14062:, retrieved
14058:the original
14052:
14034:. Retrieved
14030:the original
14014:, retrieved
14010:the original
14000:
13988:. Retrieved
13984:the original
13968:the original
13962:
13950:. Retrieved
13945:
13931:, retrieved
13921:
13910:, retrieved
13905:
13891:, retrieved
13886:
13872:, retrieved
13867:
13852:. Retrieved
13848:the original
13835:
13818:
13814:
13789:
13785:
13777:the original
13772:
13736:
13732:
13723:
13719:
13706:
13687:
13680:
13662:
13644:
13640:
13617:
13596:
13572:
13562:
13543:
13524:
13502:
13498:
13486:
13467:
13455:, retrieved
13448:the original
13429:
13409:
13396:
13384:. Retrieved
13380:the original
13364:, retrieved
13360:the original
13354:
13341:. Retrieved
13337:the original
13323:
13315:the original
13302:
13301:(in Dutch).
13298:
13282:
13271:, retrieved
13267:the original
13262:
13250:the original
13244:
13234:
13224:November 12,
13222:. Retrieved
13218:the original
13204:
13199:Bibliography
13190:(in Korean).
13187:
13177:
13165:. Retrieved
13161:
13152:
13143:
13133:
13124:
13114:
13100:
13090:December 30,
13088:. Retrieved
13083:
13074:
13065:
13056:
13033:
13025:"Snowy Road"
13019:
13007:. Retrieved
13003:
12993:
12983:December 16,
12981:. Retrieved
12972:
12963:
12951:. Retrieved
12942:Taipei Times
12940:
12931:
12923:ABS CBN News
12922:
12912:
12900:. Retrieved
12896:the original
12891:
12882:
12871:, retrieved
12867:the original
12861:
12851:
12836:
12827:
12817:November 13,
12815:. Retrieved
12804:
12795:
12783:. Retrieved
12779:the original
12772:
12763:
12750:
12741:
12729:. Retrieved
12720:
12711:
12699:. Retrieved
12688:
12679:
12670:
12662:
12652:
12640:. Retrieved
12631:
12622:
12610:. Retrieved
12596:
12586:December 12,
12584:. Retrieved
12576:NOW Magazine
12575:
12565:
12553:. Retrieved
12539:
12527:. Retrieved
12519:North Jersey
12518:
12509:
12499:November 27,
12497:. Retrieved
12486:
12476:
12464:. Retrieved
12455:The Guardian
12453:
12443:
12433:November 26,
12431:. Retrieved
12420:
12410:
12400:December 11,
12398:. Retrieved
12389:
12380:
12370:December 11,
12368:. Retrieved
12359:
12350:
12338:. Retrieved
12329:
12306:December 11,
12304:. Retrieved
12293:
12284:
12272:. Retrieved
12263:
12253:
12241:. Retrieved
12232:
12223:
12205:
12193:. Retrieved
12182:
12173:
12161:. Retrieved
12157:the original
12152:
12143:
12131:. Retrieved
12120:
12110:
12095:
12085:
12061:
12046:
12036:
12024:. Retrieved
12015:
12005:
11993:. Retrieved
11982:
11972:
11960:. Retrieved
11949:
11940:
11928:. Retrieved
11920:INQUIRER.net
11919:
11910:
11898:. Retrieved
11889:
11880:
11862:
11844:
11832:. Retrieved
11828:the original
11817:
11805:. Retrieved
11784:
11772:. Retrieved
11763:
11753:
11741:. Retrieved
11737:the original
11712:. Retrieved
11703:
11679:. Retrieved
11669:Mina Roces.
11648:한국정신대문제대책협의회
11643:
11635:the original
11625:
11615:November 24,
11613:. Retrieved
11609:the original
11599:
11589:November 21,
11587:. Retrieved
11578:
11568:
11558:November 21,
11556:. Retrieved
11552:the original
11547:
11537:
11525:. Retrieved
11521:the original
11516:
11507:
11497:November 21,
11495:. Retrieved
11486:Hankook Ilbo
11484:
11475:
11443:November 21,
11441:. Retrieved
11426:
11416:November 21,
11414:. Retrieved
11403:
11394:
11382:. Retrieved
11378:the original
11373:
11364:
11352:. Retrieved
11344:Taipei Times
11343:
11334:
11322:. Retrieved
11308:
11296:. Retrieved
11288:Record China
11287:
11277:
11269:the original
11262:
11253:
11241:. Retrieved
11230:
11220:
11209:
11203:
11191:. Retrieved
11187:the original
11177:
11165:. Retrieved
11151:
11139:. Retrieved
11125:
11113:. Retrieved
11109:the original
11098:
11086:. Retrieved
11082:the original
11072:
11048:
11037:
11024:
11015:
10997:
10973:
10955:
10941:(3): 161–9.
10938:
10934:
10928:
10919:
10913:
10898:
10873:
10864:
10852:The Diplomat
10851:
10841:
10828:
10819:
10807:. Retrieved
10802:
10793:
10781:. Retrieved
10774:
10765:
10750:
10724:
10715:
10703:. Retrieved
10694:
10685:
10673:. Retrieved
10664:
10655:
10644:the original
10631:
10623:the original
10618:
10609:
10597:. Retrieved
10588:
10565:
10556:
10546:November 17,
10544:. Retrieved
10533:
10524:
10514:November 18,
10512:. Retrieved
10501:
10492:
10480:. Retrieved
10466:
10454:. Retrieved
10440:
10428:. Retrieved
10413:
10401:. Retrieved
10392:
10383:
10371:. Retrieved
10357:
10339:
10329:September 9,
10327:. Retrieved
10318:
10309:
10300:September 9,
10298:, retrieved
10288:
10281:
10269:. Retrieved
10261:INQUIRER.net
10260:
10250:
10238:. Retrieved
10229:
10220:
10208:. Retrieved
10200:The Diplomat
10199:
10189:
10177:. Retrieved
10166:
10156:
10144:. Retrieved
10136:The Guardian
10135:
10125:
10113:. Retrieved
10102:
10092:
10080:. Retrieved
10068:
10056:
10044:. Retrieved
10035:
10026:
10007:
9995:. Retrieved
9986:
9976:
9968:
9953:
9941:. Retrieved
9937:the original
9930:
9906:. Retrieved
9895:
9885:
9873:. Retrieved
9869:the original
9864:
9854:
9844:November 24,
9842:. Retrieved
9828:
9816:
9808:
9803:
9796:Hata undated
9790:
9780:February 20,
9778:. Retrieved
9769:
9760:
9747:
9735:. Retrieved
9731:
9722:
9711:
9694:
9690:
9658:
9654:
9644:
9627:
9623:
9613:
9599:
9572:
9568:
9545:November 25,
9543:. Retrieved
9537:
9528:
9516:. Retrieved
9507:
9497:
9485:. Retrieved
9481:the original
9476:
9467:
9457:November 25,
9455:. Retrieved
9443:
9434:
9422:. Retrieved
9404:
9392:. Retrieved
9374:
9362:. Retrieved
9353:
9344:
9332:. Retrieved
9314:
9302:. Retrieved
9284:
9272:. Retrieved
9263:
9254:
9242:. Retrieved
9233:
9211:September 9,
9209:. Retrieved
9176:September 9,
9174:. Retrieved
9160:
9104:. Retrieved
9093:
9083:
9064:
9049:
9030:December 28,
9028:. Retrieved
9019:
9010:
9000:December 28,
8998:. Retrieved
8987:
8977:
8965:. Retrieved
8956:
8946:
8934:. Retrieved
8923:
8914:
8904:September 9,
8902:. Retrieved
8884:
8874:February 18,
8872:. Retrieved
8854:
8844:February 18,
8842:. Retrieved
8809:. Retrieved
8805:the original
8800:
8791:
8781:February 22,
8779:. Retrieved
8775:the original
8770:
8761:
8751:December 29,
8749:. Retrieved
8745:the original
8738:
8728:
8716:. Retrieved
8707:
8698:
8686:. Retrieved
8677:
8668:
8656:. Retrieved
8647:
8638:
8626:. Retrieved
8617:
8608:
8596:. Retrieved
8587:
8578:
8566:. Retrieved
8557:
8532:. Retrieved
8526:(5, No. 7).
8523:
8519:
8509:
8489:
8477:. Retrieved
8468:
8458:
8440:
8416:
8407:
8402:, Oanda.com.
8388:
8380:the original
8355:
8343:. Retrieved
8331:
8319:
8301:
8274:
8260:the original
8253:
8245:
8233:. Retrieved
8224:
8215:
8203:. Retrieved
8195:The Guardian
8194:
8184:
8172:. Retrieved
8168:the original
8158:
8148:February 28,
8146:. Retrieved
8137:
8128:
8120:the original
8108:
8100:the original
8090:
8078:
8066:. Retrieved
8041:
8037:
8012:. Retrieved
8008:the original
7998:
7986:. Retrieved
7977:
7967:
7946:
7936:November 24,
7934:. Retrieved
7923:
7914:
7904:November 24,
7902:. Retrieved
7891:
7882:
7874:
7867:. Retrieved
7856:
7846:
7823:
7813:
7805:
7798:. Retrieved
7789:
7780:
7768:. Retrieved
7727:
7723:
7702:the original
7692:
7680:
7668:
7659:
7631:
7624:
7612:. Retrieved
7584:
7577:
7565:. Retrieved
7561:
7551:
7539:. Retrieved
7532:
7523:
7511:. Retrieved
7489:(3): 34–37.
7486:
7482:
7472:
7467:, p. 24
7460:
7448:
7420:
7413:
7408:, p. 34
7401:
7378:
7369:
7341:
7300:
7295:
7261:
7250:
7239:
7227:. Retrieved
7220:the original
7189:, retrieved
7180:
7170:
7151:
7143:
7128:
7104:December 12,
7102:. Retrieved
7076:, p. 21
7069:
7057:
7045:. Retrieved
7025:
7013:. Retrieved
7004:
6994:
6983:, retrieved
6973:
6967:
6956:, retrieved
6946:
6940:
6928:
6923:, p. 20
6886:
6879:O'Herne 2007
6830:
6818:
6793:
6789:
6765:, retrieved
6745:
6738:
6726:. Retrieved
6717:
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6671:
6664:
6652:. Retrieved
6640:
6636:
6623:
6611:. Retrieved
6603:Taipei Times
6602:
6593:
6566:
6562:
6552:
6541:
6530:
6518:. Retrieved
6509:
6499:
6487:. Retrieved
6473:
6461:. Retrieved
6457:the original
6447:
6428:
6407:. Retrieved
6397:(in Dutch).
6392:
6383:
6374:
6354:
6345:
6327:
6322:, p. 22
6315:
6303:. Retrieved
6299:the original
6288:
6278:November 24,
6276:. Retrieved
6262:
6250:
6231:
6225:
6206:
6200:
6188:. Retrieved
6179:
6170:
6158:. Retrieved
6149:
6136:
6094:
6086:
6070:
6058:
6041:
6022:
6016:
6004:. Retrieved
5995:
5985:
5978:Yoshimi 2000
5973:
5933:
5916:
5904:. Retrieved
5886:
5874:. Retrieved
5860:
5845:
5836:
5824:
5786:. Retrieved
5782:the original
5777:
5753:. Retrieved
5749:the original
5742:
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5706:
5677:
5665:. Retrieved
5650:
5639:
5634:, p. 9.
5621:Yoshimi 2000
5615:Clancey 1948
5608:
5604:
5592:
5570:(1): 40–64.
5567:
5563:
5557:
5530:
5526:
5501:
5485:
5473:. Retrieved
5464:The Guardian
5462:
5452:
5426:
5415:
5404:
5379:
5368:
5357:
5344:. Retrieved
5320:
5314:
5302:. Retrieved
5293:
5289:
5279:
5272:Argibay 2003
5267:
5260:Clancey 1948
5250:Yoshimi 2000
5245:
5233:Yoshimi 2000
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5196:
5189:
5170:
5149:
5137:. Retrieved
5109:
5102:. Retrieved
5082:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5051:
5041:
5000:
4993:Argibay 2003
4988:
4981:Argibay 2003
4976:
4971:, p. 51
4964:
4949:
4938:the original
4925:
4898:Yoshimi 2000
4893:
4860:Yoshimi 2000
4825:. Retrieved
4792:
4788:
4778:
4763:
4751:
4731:, p. 10
4724:
4715:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4620:. Retrieved
4606:
4594:
4582:. Retrieved
4573:
4564:
4558:Argibay 2003
4553:
4545:
4538:. Retrieved
4529:
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4498:
4488:
4478:February 21,
4476:. Retrieved
4397:Sexual jihad
4370:
4346:
4342:Karayuki-san
4301:
4276:, is a 2022
4271:
4262:
4250:
4241:Gwanbu Trial
4240:
4234:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4186:
4164:
4152:
4110:Kim Bok-dong
4102:Lee Yong-soo
4084:
4057:
4037:
4021:
4012:
4005:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3951:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3899:
3888:
3883:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3847:Malaya Lolas
3844:
3824:
3799:
3787:
3762:
3746:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3711:
3694:
3659:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3634:
3630:
3602:
3591:
3577:
3566:
3550:
3536:Pope Francis
3533:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3496:
3487:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3411:
3409:
3392:
3383:Malaya Lolas
3380:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3347:
3336:
3324:
3315:Ikuhiko Hata
3312:
3300:
3296:
3288:Shi Wen-long
3277:
3275:
3258:
3246:
3229:World War II
3221:
3217:
3209:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3157:Yun Byung-se
3128:
3121:
3090:
3079:
3067:
3063:
3048:
3040:
3022:
2996:
2989:
2972:
2965:
2945:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2848:
2829:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2775:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2698:
2695:
2679:
2671:
2668:
2659:K'tut Tantri
2652:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2625:Ikuhiko Hata
2602:
2480:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2439:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2345:
2324:
2312:
2304:
2288:
2281:
2271:World War II
2245:prostitution
2242:
2139:Slave patrol
1976:Freedom suit
1952:Sierra Leone
1942:Colonization
1858:Abolitionism
1838:Baháʼí Faith
1811:Christianity
1761:Saudi Arabia
1617:Penal Labour
1582:Blackbirding
1509:
1488:Debt bondage
1476:penal system
1302:Contemporary
1292:Field slaves
1280:U.S. Natives
1239:South Africa
1110:Galley slave
1083:Slave market
1073:House slaves
1046:Blackbirding
1024:Conscription
948:21st century
911:Umm al-walad
755:Muslim world
724:Emancipation
628:Wage slavery
608:Penal labour
586:Wife selling
576:Bride buying
561:Conscription
551:Child Labour
544:Contemporary
429:Uyoku dantai
421:
406:
369:
329:Choson Sinbo
327:
323:Chōsen gakkō
283:Ōkubo, Tokyo
178:
175:
125:
121:
118:World War II
105:
104:
78:
25:
19882:(1946–1947)
19639:Yi Yun-yong
19536:(1920–1921)
19471:Sado Island
19379:Sup'ung Dam
19337:(1939–1945)
19326:(1920–1945)
19314:(1922–1944)
18665:Bodenplatte
18551:Gothic Line
17777:West Africa
17324:Philippines
17303:Netherlands
17168:Czech lands
17106:Switzerland
17050:Afghanistan
17001:Philippines
16869:Puerto Rico
16785:Philippines
16771:New Zealand
16757:Netherlands
16710:Free France
16461:Prosecution
16262:Osoaviakhim
16132:West Africa
16116:East Africa
15763:Conferences
15609:February 3,
15589:February 1,
15569:February 1,
15091:. Cassell.
13946:China Daily
13927:China Daily
13756:(Review of
13162:KdramaStars
13009:November 2,
12731:November 8,
12663:Jan Banning
12612:November 4,
12340:January 20,
12274:January 18,
11264:Japan Today
11243:January 22,
11232:Smithsonian
11025:China Daily
10695:Japan Today
10482:January 25,
10456:January 25,
10430:January 25,
10403:January 25,
10373:January 25,
9539:Nikkei Asia
9508:Kyodo News+
9424:January 19,
9394:January 17,
9334:January 12,
9304:January 12,
9274:January 16,
9264:Kyodo News+
9244:October 13,
8801:NewsOnJapan
8718:January 27,
8688:January 27,
8658:January 27,
8628:January 27,
8598:January 27,
8568:January 27,
8479:October 22,
8235:February 1,
8068:October 19,
7988:December 6,
7951:Japan Times
7869:January 24,
7800:January 24,
7770:October 19,
7730:: 123–132.
7614:October 19,
7513:October 19,
7288:Nelson 2007
6767:October 30,
6305:November 8,
5926:Dudden 2006
5921:Nozaki 2005
5817:Hank Nelson
5503:Japan Times
5373:Himeta 1996
5346:December 8,
5296:(29): 141.
5062:February 6,
5017:Wender 2003
4245:Shimonoseki
4229:Na Moon-hee
4224:I Can Speak
4216:The Apology
4126:(1923–2011)
4117:Rosa Henson
4112:(1926–2019)
4106:Song Sin-do
4098:Kim Hak-sun
4064:Strathfield
4000:sister city
3880:Rosa Henson
3771:Philippines
3753:Gyeonggi-do
3719:Moon Jae-in
3680:South Korea
3669: [
3541:Navi Pillay
3422:Jeju Island
3361:Japan Times
3354:McGraw Hill
3237:Yun Duk Min
3180:Moon Jae-in
3138:1 billion (
3000:Kim Hak-sun
2929:Kakou Senda
2831:Hank Nelson
2739:Kim Hak-sun
2551:Netherlands
2491:Philippines
2263:Yuki Tanaka
2243:Given that
2154:court cases
2031: [
1981:Slave Power
1969:Manumission
1816:Catholicism
1691:Afghanistan
1432:Puerto Rico
1344:The Bahamas
1322:Slave codes
1125:Shanghaiing
1115:Impressment
1007:Slave Coast
887:Qajar harem
847:Concubinage
820:slave trade
245:Chōsen-seki
150:Philippines
146:Netherlands
120:. The term
19972:Euphemisms
19951:Categories
19602:Hong Sa-ik
19481:Utoro, Uji
19374:Korean yen
19270:Government
19199:Southfield
19176:Brookhaven
19076:Union City
19033:New Jersey
18992:California
18765:West Hunan
18598:Pointblank
17934:Silver Fox
17920:Summer War
17673:Winter War
17652:Phoney War
17433:Azerbaijan
17394:Yugoslavia
17289:Luxembourg
17131:Resistance
16878:Yugoslavia
16743:Luxembourg
16545:Sook Ching
16341:War crimes
15943:Technology
15936:Opposition
15878:Lend-Lease
15855:Australian
15848:Home front
15806:Blitzkrieg
15756:Casualties
15747:Commanders
15719:Operations
15393:(Web page)
15361:Mike Honda
14820:October 5,
14633:August 17,
14305:January 7,
14254:August 29,
14229:August 29,
13952:August 29,
13758:Hicks 1997
13739:(2): 503,
13167:January 4,
13106:"Herstory"
12857:Asian Boss
12642:August 21,
12466:October 4,
11527:August 15,
10803:koreatimes
10783:August 29,
10046:August 19,
9875:January 3,
9697:(1): 249.
9661:(1): 248.
9630:(1): 248.
9364:January 9,
9234:Hank Yoreh
9106:January 2,
8925:The Nikkei
8174:August 12,
7361:1366057905
7322:Hicks 1996
7191:October 5,
6933:Hicks 1996
6891:Hicks 1996
6862:Hicks 1996
6835:Hicks 1997
6823:Hicks 1997
6613:August 18,
6409:August 28,
6129:Hicks 1996
5980:, p.
5959:, p.
5906:January 7,
5876:January 1,
5533:(1): 1–5.
5255:Hicks 1997
5238:Hicks 1997
4956:, p.
4954:Hicks 1997
4865:Hicks 1997
4770:, p.
4756:Huang 2012
4540:August 12,
4450:References
4376:Park Yu-ha
4200:Snowy Road
3621:Ama Museum
3219:brothels.
3036:Shinzo Abe
2937:plagiarism
2824:East Timor
2682:New Guinea
2607:professor
2489:, and the
2377:war crimes
2332:Hui Muslim
2318:, Taiwan,
2169:J.Q. Adams
2159:Washington
2129:Slave name
2078:convention
2053:Common law
1426:Encomienda
1222:Seychelles
1207:Mauritania
1130:Slave ship
997:Panyarring
992:New France
641:Historical
434:Zaitokukai
288:Utoro, Uji
170:New Guinea
166:East Timor
69:Japanese:
55:after the
19823:Hibakusha
19388:Companies
19134:Annandale
19099:Manhattan
19081:Butterfly
18830:Manchuria
18716:Indochina
18492:Bagration
17943:Lithuania
17588:Anschluss
17385:Viet Minh
17282:Lithuania
17224:Hong Kong
16994:Manchukuo
16949:Azad Hind
16608:Australia
16408:Aftermath
16271:Paperclip
16166:Aftermath
15966:Total war
15834:Diplomacy
15797:In Europe
15495:April 22,
15431:March 23,
15186:1930-5370
14980:March 23,
14935:March 23,
14884:March 30,
14553:March 23,
14494:March 23,
14426:March 23,
14407:March 23,
14388:March 13,
14369:August 1,
14184:March 23,
13990:March 30,
13912:March 23,
13893:March 23,
13806:143569098
13386:March 23,
13366:March 23,
13343:March 23,
13311:0921-7371
12902:August 6,
12873:March 16,
12529:March 16,
12488:USA Today
12233:AsAm News
12133:March 18,
12026:March 16,
11995:March 18,
11962:March 27,
11930:March 27,
11714:March 24,
10599:March 24,
9821:Drea 2006
9591:1225-9276
9452:0585-3923
8811:March 14,
8560:. Tokyo.
8294:Drea 2006
8083:Kono 1993
8050:0022-197X
8014:April 11,
7760:145678875
7744:0002-7162
7604:225875908
7534:Hankyoreh
7495:0739-1854
7229:March 23,
7015:March 24,
6985:March 24,
6958:March 24,
6810:246922197
6585:214221542
6399:The Hague
6190:March 24,
6160:March 24,
6051:Drea 2006
6046:Hata 1999
5951:Horn 1997
5722:March 26,
5632:Drea 2006
5584:153119328
5549:214221542
5475:April 28,
4886:Horn 1997
4768:Rose 2005
4663:246922197
4509:August 8,
4122:Taiwan –
4104:(1928–);
4046:Australia
3853:(CEDAW).
3563:Survivors
3534:In 2014,
3162:Hankyoreh
3044:Manchuria
2902:Confucian
2892:In 1944,
2875:sterility
2871:salvarsan
2642:In 1997,
2639:percent.
2555:Australia
2543:Hong Kong
2511:Manchukuo
2435:Manchuria
2381:Tokkeitai
2372:Kenpeitai
2366:Tokkeitai
2320:Manchukuo
2164:Jefferson
1821:Mormonism
1756:Palestine
1570:Australia
1500:Indonesia
1391:Lei Áurea
1374:Code Noir
1354:Caribbean
1327:Treatment
1066:Treatment
1039:Devshirme
901:Odalisque
719:In Russia
660:Babylonia
648:Antiquity
377:TV series
318:Chongryon
162:Indonesia
134:Australia
89:1932–1945
19607:Iljinhoe
19192:Michigan
19127:Virginia
19092:New York
19069:Memorial
19052:Fort Lee
19045:Memorial
18999:Glendale
18941:Category
18890:document
18800:document
18657:Ardennes
18641:Budapest
18589:Crossbow
18467:Overlord
18306:Smolensk
17524:Timeline
17359:Slovakia
17345:Thailand
17196:Ethiopia
17161:Bulgaria
17085:Portugal
17023:Thailand
16905:Bulgaria
16683:Eswatini
16676:Ethiopia
16629:Bulgaria
16454:Unit 731
16415:Response
16232:Keelhaul
16182:Cold War
16155:Americas
16146:timeline
16139:Atlantic
16019:Theaters
15537:Critique
15529:Archived
15512:Archived
15448:Mourning
15336:Archived
15199:July 10,
15123:, 1999.
14864:June 20,
14658:June 14,
14629:, London
14613:June 14,
14475:March 5,
13906:BBC News
13887:BBC News
13868:BBC News
13827:40003395
13639:(2001),
13594:(2005),
13497:(1999),
13407:(2000),
13046:Archived
12977:Archived
12947:Archived
12843:Archived
12811:Archived
12755:Archived
12725:Archived
12721:vday.org
12695:Archived
12667:Archived
12636:Archived
12606:Archived
12580:Archived
12549:Archived
12523:Archived
12493:Archived
12460:Archived
12427:Archived
12394:Archived
12364:Archived
12334:Archived
12300:Archived
12268:Archived
12243:April 4,
12237:Archived
12215:Archived
12195:April 4,
12189:Archived
12163:April 4,
12127:Archived
12102:Archived
12070:Archived
12053:Archived
12020:Archived
11989:Archived
11956:Archived
11924:Archived
11894:Archived
11872:Archived
11854:Archived
11798:Archived
11768:Archived
11708:Archived
11675:Archived
11651:Archived
11583:Archived
11491:Archived
11467:Archived
11437:Archived
11410:Archived
11384:March 8,
11348:Archived
11318:Archived
11298:July 25,
11292:Archived
11237:Archived
11161:Archived
11135:Archived
11064:Archived
11029:Archived
11007:Archived
10986:Archived
10965:Archived
10947:22141139
10905:Archived
10878:Archived
10856:Archived
10833:Archived
10809:June 20,
10757:Archived
10729:Archived
10705:July 25,
10699:Archived
10675:March 8,
10669:Archived
10593:Archived
10540:Archived
10508:Archived
10476:Archived
10450:Archived
10424:Archived
10397:Archived
10367:Archived
10347:Archived
10323:Archived
10294:archived
10271:March 9,
10265:Archived
10240:March 9,
10234:Archived
10210:June 17,
10204:Archived
10179:June 17,
10173:Archived
10146:June 19,
10140:Archived
10115:June 17,
10109:Archived
10082:July 13,
10073:Archived
10040:Archived
10036:SBS News
10015:Archived
9991:Archived
9961:Archived
9902:Archived
9838:Archived
9774:Archived
9737:June 20,
9703:24461685
9667:24461685
9636:24461685
9518:June 28,
9512:Archived
9487:June 28,
9418:Archived
9388:Archived
9358:Archived
9354:CBS News
9328:Archived
9298:Archived
9268:Archived
9238:Archived
9202:Archived
9170:Archived
9150:Archived
9128:Archived
9100:Archived
9073:Archived
9054:Archived
9024:Archived
9020:BBC News
8994:Archived
8967:March 8,
8961:Archived
8930:Archived
8898:Archived
8868:Archived
8838:Archived
8712:Archived
8682:Archived
8652:Archived
8622:Archived
8592:Archived
8562:Archived
8528:Archived
8498:Archived
8473:Archived
8450:Archived
8429:Archived
8396:Archived
8345:July 13,
8336:Archived
8311:Archived
8263:Archived
8229:Archived
8227:. 2019.
8199:Archived
8142:Archived
8138:BBC News
8062:Archived
8058:24461685
7982:Archived
7957:Archived
7930:Archived
7898:Archived
7863:Archived
7794:Archived
7764:Archived
7752:25098017
7685:Soh 2009
7673:Soh 2009
7651:45861973
7608:Archived
7567:March 8,
7541:March 8,
7507:Archived
7503:42763319
7440:Archived
7406:Soh 2009
7391:Archived
7269:Archived
7185:archived
7181:BBC News
7159:Archived
7136:Archived
7098:Archived
7047:July 13,
7038:Archived
7009:Archived
6979:archived
6952:archived
6761:archived
6722:Archived
6697:July 14,
6691:Archived
6645:Archived
6607:Archived
6520:March 8,
6514:Archived
6483:Archived
6403:Archived
6363:Archived
6337:Archived
6320:Soh 2009
6272:Archived
6184:Archived
6154:Archived
6063:Soh 2001
6006:June 20,
6000:Archived
5966:Soh 2001
5945:Soh 2001
5900:Archived
5870:Archived
5852:Archived
5809:Archived
5788:March 8,
5755:June 29,
5716:Archived
5667:March 7,
5661:Archived
5626:Bix 2000
5494:Archived
5469:Archived
5437:Archived
5384:Bix 2000
5340:Archived
5304:June 19,
5298:Archived
5212:Archived
5133:Archived
5111:keepers.
5098:Archived
5080:(2002).
5056:Archived
4821:Archived
4817:22215910
4809:15326538
4694:24461685
4622:March 7,
4616:Archived
4599:Soh 2009
4584:March 8,
4578:Archived
4534:Archived
4503:Archived
4472:Archived
4285:See also
4273:Kokosuni
4264:Tomorrow
4247:in 1992.
4236:Herstory
4072:Ashfield
4028:Freiburg
3803:GABRIELA
2961:Unit 731
2941:zainichi
2770:Ambarawa
2587:officer.
2499:Thailand
2446:Shanghai
2400:chinilpa
2392:Magelang
2196:Iron bit
2186:40 acres
2149:breeding
1964:Freedman
1799:Religion
1659:Portugal
1544:Thailand
1534:Maldives
1529:Malaysia
1522:Kwalliso
1466:Booi Aha
1418:Restavek
1398:Colombia
1369:Trinidad
1359:Barbados
1249:Zanzibar
1197:Ethiopia
1078:Saqaliba
972:Database
923:Saqaliba
684:Ancillae
514:a series
512:Part of
466:Category
371:Pachinko
359:In media
272:Enclaves
193:a series
191:Part of
94:Location
19894:(1992–)
19888:(1990–)
19861:(2018–)
19843:(1987–)
19825:(1945–)
19819:(1945–)
19813:(1945–)
19736:(Seoul)
19517:(1920)
19357:Economy
19207:, 2014)
19184:, 2017)
19169:Georgia
19154:, 2014)
19146:Fairfax
19142:, 2019)
19119:, 2012)
19107:, 2017)
19084:, 2014)
19072:, 2010)
19060:, 2018)
19048:, 2013)
19025:, 2017)
19013:, 2013)
18867:Shumshu
18634:Hungary
18581:Estonia
18565:Lapland
18543:Dragoon
18476:Neptune
18458:Ichi-Go
18424:Tempest
18366:Changde
18321:Cottage
18213:Jubilee
17929:Finland
17827:Compass
17533:Prelude
17486:Finland
17372:Vietnam
17338:Romania
17210:Germany
17189:Estonia
17175:Denmark
17154:Belgium
17147:Austria
17140:Albania
17071:Ireland
17057:Andorra
17041:Neutral
17008:Romania
16942:Hungary
16927:Finland
16799:Romania
16691:Finland
16669:Denmark
16615:Belgium
16601:Algeria
16307:Romania
16293:Hungary
16049:Pacific
15773:General
15727:Leaders
15712:Battles
15705:Outline
15634:, 1995.
15624:, 2001.
15454:YouTube
15373:YouTube
15357:YouTube
15320:at the
14999:July 4,
14957:May 28,
14843:July 1,
14704:July 4,
14591:July 4,
14572:July 1,
14531:July 4,
14513:July 2,
14508:The Age
14465:Reuters
14451:July 4,
14350:July 4,
14331:July 1,
14279:July 4,
14158:May 20,
14106:June 1,
14085:June 1,
14064:July 4,
14036:July 4,
14016:July 2,
13933:May 20,
13874:July 1,
13854:July 4,
13760:). via
13753:2170934
13457:July 1,
13273:July 4,
12632:The Age
12604:. BBC.
11465:. CNN.
11435:. CNN.
10503:Reuters
10393:Reuters
9997:July 5,
9943:May 14,
9908:May 14,
9502:KYODO.
8534:May 23,
8205:June 8,
6728:May 23,
6654:July 7,
6569:: 1–5.
5218:May 25,
5139:May 24,
4131:Culture
4040:Toronto
4018:Germany
3906:Baywalk
3891:Bulacan
3594:Nanjing
3292:condoms
2814:In the
2569:Rangoon
2450:Nanjing
2442:Tianjin
2282:In the
2278:Outline
2174:Lincoln
2047:Related
1947:Liberia
1833:Judaism
1771:Tunisia
1746:Morocco
1736:Lebanon
1701:Bahrain
1696:Algeria
1664:Romania
1629:Denmark
1622:Slavery
1556:Vietnam
1227:Somalia
1217:Nigeria
1192:Comoros
1120:Pirates
1029:Ghilman
962:Bristol
852:history
825:pirates
714:History
603:Peonage
526:slavery
239:Culture
209:History
112:by the
19930:(2015)
19924:(2007)
19918:(2000)
19912:(1998)
19906:(1994)
19900:(1993)
19855:(2005)
19849:(1995)
19837:(1965)
19831:(1952)
19764:Legacy
19578:(1942)
19572:(1937)
19566:(1932)
19560:(1929)
19554:(1926)
19548:(1923)
19542:(1922)
19530:(1920)
19511:(1919)
19505:(1919)
19499:(1911)
19490:Events
19320:(1929)
19057:Circle
18844:Debate
18816:Taipei
18809:Borneo
18387:Tarawa
17581:Europe
17542:Africa
17331:Poland
17317:Norway
17296:Malaya
17275:Latvia
17217:Greece
17203:France
17099:Sweden
17064:Bhutan
16792:Poland
16778:Norway
16750:Mexico
16717:Greece
16703:France
16641:Canada
16622:Brazil
16592:Allies
16538:Serbia
16527:Poland
16300:Poland
16286:Baltic
16079:Europe
15781:Topics
15733:Allied
15585:. 2019
15399:. 2006
15254:
15236:
15218:
15184:
15157:
15149:
15127:
15112:
15095:
15071:
15051:
15030:
13825:
13804:
13751:
13694:
13669:
13651:
13625:
13604:
13580:
13551:
13531:
13509:
13475:
13440:
13417:
13309:
12016:nj.com
11834:May 2,
11807:May 2,
11774:May 2,
11743:May 2,
11681:May 2,
11193:May 2,
11167:May 2,
11141:May 2,
11115:May 2,
11088:May 2,
11056:
10945:
10776:CBC.ca
9701:
9665:
9634:
9589:
9450:
8056:
8048:
7834:
7758:
7750:
7742:
7698:"KMDb"
7649:
7639:
7602:
7592:
7501:
7493:
7432:
7359:
7349:
6808:
6753:
6683:
6583:
6435:
6238:
6213:
6107:
6029:
5582:
5547:
5332:
5204:
5177:
5090:
4815:
4807:
4692:
4661:
4060:Sydney
4034:Canada
3868:Manila
3662:Tainan
3655:Taipei
3625:Taipei
3611:Taiwan
3482:Manila
2894:Allied
2839:Rabaul
2686:Rabaul
2675:Flores
2597:Penang
2585:Allied
2515:Taiwan
2507:Malaya
2095:owners
1731:Kuwait
1726:Jordan
1679:Sweden
1669:Russia
1654:Poland
1649:Norway
1471:Laogai
1456:Brunei
1451:Bhutan
1413:revolt
1386:Brazil
1349:Canada
1312:partus
1297:female
1182:Angola
1051:Coolie
1034:Mamluk
987:Nantes
967:Brazil
896:Cariye
731:Thrall
699:Kholop
665:Greece
306:Mindan
148:, the
144:, the
130:ja:慰安婦
19734:Keijō
18620:Leyte
18450:Narva
18436:Anzio
18394:Makin
18352:Burma
18236:Torch
18205:Rzhev
18166:Kiska
17252:Korea
17238:Japan
17231:Italy
17113:Tibet
17092:Spain
16970:Italy
16731:Italy
16724:India
16648:China
16523:Japan
16123:Italy
16035:China
15987:Women
15193:(PDF)
15170:(PDF)
14907:(PDF)
14900:(PDF)
14786:(PDF)
14779:(PDF)
14748:(PDF)
14741:(PDF)
13823:JSTOR
13802:S2CID
13762:JSTOR
13749:JSTOR
13686:[
13684:慰安婦硏究
13643:[
13501:[
13451:(PDF)
13434:(PDF)
13397:Books
13305:(1).
13303:23607
11801:(PDF)
11794:(PDF)
10647:(PDF)
10640:(PDF)
10230:OHCHR
10076:(PDF)
10065:(PDF)
9699:JSTOR
9663:JSTOR
9632:JSTOR
9205:(PDF)
9198:(PDF)
8432:(PDF)
8425:(PDF)
8339:(PDF)
8328:(PDF)
8054:JSTOR
7822:[
7756:S2CID
7748:JSTOR
7499:JSTOR
7223:(PDF)
7216:(PDF)
7041:(PDF)
7034:(PDF)
6806:S2CID
6648:(PDF)
6643:(8).
6633:(PDF)
6581:S2CID
5580:S2CID
5545:S2CID
4941:(PDF)
4934:(PDF)
4813:S2CID
4690:JSTOR
4659:S2CID
4268:role.
4147:Media
3984:Japan
3980:Osaka
3715:Busan
3698:Seoul
3673:]
3641:Tokyo
3588:China
3149:Seoul
3086:2,300
2809:Blora
2793:Bogor
2762:Dutch
2722:Chuuk
2617:China
2613:Korea
2573:Burma
2559:Dutch
2547:Macau
2539:China
2535:Japan
2495:Burma
2487:China
2483:Korea
2328:Hebei
2316:Korea
2122:songs
2117:films
2035:]
1991:songs
1828:Islam
1806:Bible
1781:Yemen
1776:Qatar
1766:Syria
1741:Libya
1706:Egypt
1674:Spain
1644:Malta
1517:Korea
1505:Japan
1483:India
1461:China
1408:Haiti
1268:Aztec
1244:Sudan
1212:Niger
1104:Naval
977:Dutch
906:Qiyan
892:Jarya
867:Harem
709:Serfs
655:Egypt
158:Korea
154:Japan
142:China
138:Burma
126:ianfu
79:ianfu
19434:list
19281:list
18686:1945
18414:1944
18255:1943
18183:Blue
18173:Attu
18080:1942
17839:1941
17691:1940
17629:1939
17558:Asia
17405:POWs
17245:Jews
16963:Iraq
16889:Axis
16839:Tuva
16655:Cuba
15740:Axis
15611:2021
15591:2021
15571:2021
15539:9:2.
15497:2005
15433:2006
15405:2017
15252:ISBN
15234:ISBN
15216:ISBN
15201:2010
15182:ISSN
15155:ISBN
15147:ISBN
15125:ISBN
15110:ISBN
15093:ISBN
15069:ISBN
15049:ISBN
15028:ISBN
15001:2008
14982:2007
14959:2008
14937:2007
14915:2007
14886:2014
14866:2007
14845:2008
14822:2008
14794:2007
14729:2015
14706:2008
14679:2015
14660:2012
14635:2008
14615:2008
14593:2008
14574:2008
14555:2007
14533:2008
14515:2008
14496:2007
14477:2008
14453:2008
14428:2007
14409:2007
14390:2024
14371:2007
14352:2008
14333:2008
14307:2016
14281:2008
14256:2007
14231:2007
14186:2007
14160:2008
14134:2006
14108:2008
14087:2008
14066:2008
14038:2008
14018:2008
13992:2007
13954:2007
13935:2008
13914:2007
13895:2007
13876:2008
13856:2008
13726:(2).
13692:ISBN
13667:ISBN
13649:ISBN
13623:ISBN
13602:ISBN
13578:ISBN
13549:ISBN
13529:ISBN
13507:ISBN
13473:ISBN
13459:2008
13438:ISBN
13415:ISBN
13388:2007
13368:2007
13345:2007
13307:ISSN
13275:2008
13226:2007
13169:2023
13092:2018
13066:IMDb
13011:2020
12985:2021
12955:2011
12904:2017
12875:2019
12819:2022
12787:2013
12733:2019
12703:2013
12644:2019
12614:2019
12588:2022
12557:2019
12531:2019
12501:2017
12468:2018
12435:2017
12402:2015
12372:2015
12342:2018
12308:2015
12276:2019
12264:WABE
12245:2019
12197:2019
12165:2019
12135:2016
12028:2019
11997:2016
11964:2023
11932:2023
11902:2019
11836:2015
11809:2015
11776:2015
11745:2015
11716:2023
11683:2015
11617:2015
11591:2018
11560:2018
11548:Time
11529:2018
11499:2018
11445:2018
11418:2018
11386:2022
11356:2018
11326:2018
11300:2019
11245:2022
11195:2015
11169:2015
11143:2015
11117:2015
11090:2015
11054:ISBN
10943:PMID
10811:2024
10785:2024
10707:2019
10677:2022
10601:2023
10548:2021
10516:2021
10484:2021
10458:2021
10432:2021
10405:2021
10375:2021
10331:2020
10302:2020
10273:2023
10242:2023
10212:2021
10181:2021
10148:2021
10117:2021
10084:2021
10048:2018
9999:2021
9945:2013
9910:2013
9877:2016
9846:2015
9782:2014
9739:2024
9587:ISSN
9547:2023
9520:2021
9489:2021
9459:2023
9448:ISSN
9426:2021
9396:2021
9366:2021
9336:2021
9306:2021
9276:2021
9246:2018
9213:2017
9178:2017
9108:2016
9095:Time
9032:2015
9002:2015
8969:2019
8938:2018
8906:2019
8876:2019
8846:2019
8813:2014
8783:2014
8753:2011
8740:Time
8720:2012
8690:2012
8660:2012
8630:2012
8600:2012
8570:2012
8536:2022
8481:2013
8347:2021
8237:2021
8207:2014
8176:2014
8150:2014
8070:2021
8046:ISSN
8016:2021
7990:2014
7938:2015
7906:2015
7871:2008
7832:ISBN
7802:2008
7772:2021
7740:ISSN
7647:OCLC
7637:ISBN
7616:2021
7600:OCLC
7590:ISBN
7569:2024
7543:2024
7515:2021
7491:ISSN
7430:ISBN
7357:OCLC
7347:ISBN
7231:2007
7193:2020
7106:2017
7049:2021
7017:2023
6987:2023
6960:2023
6769:2020
6751:ISBN
6730:2023
6699:2021
6681:ISBN
6656:2021
6615:2020
6522:2019
6491:2017
6465:2017
6433:ISBN
6411:2022
6307:2013
6280:2015
6236:ISBN
6211:ISBN
6192:2023
6162:2023
6105:ISBN
6027:ISBN
6008:2021
5908:2016
5878:2016
5790:2019
5757:2014
5724:2013
5669:2021
5477:2014
5348:2021
5330:ISBN
5326:1082
5306:2014
5220:2022
5202:ISBN
5175:ISBN
5141:2022
5106:2020
5088:ISBN
5064:2017
4829:2020
4805:PMID
4624:2021
4586:2021
4542:2014
4511:2014
4480:2004
3882:and
3747:The
3619:The
3084:US$
2959:and
2615:and
2553:and
2448:and
2073:laws
1935:U.S.
1930:U.K.
1868:U.S.
1863:U.K.
1751:Oman
1721:Iraq
1716:Iran
1403:Cuba
1307:maps
1202:Mali
1187:Chad
773:Baqt
670:Rome
566:Debt
524:and
98:Asia
86:Date
15452:on
15371:on
15355:on
13794:doi
13741:doi
13737:102
12078:PRI
9577:doi
8469:BBC
7828:129
7732:doi
7728:617
7005:NPR
6798:doi
6677:116
6571:doi
6394:NRC
6101:155
5961:309
5572:doi
5535:doi
5500:",
4797:doi
4651:doi
4278:KBS
4136:Art
3889:In
3878:by
3792:in
3623:in
3303:NHK
2900:In
2807:At
2768:in
73:慰安婦
19953::
18434:/
15630:.
15620:.
15601:.
15581:.
15559:.
15518::
15417:.
15395:.
15176:.
15172:.
15153:,
15077:.
14808:.
14796:.
14772:.
14760:,
14719:,
14670:.
14646:,
14625:,
14605:,
14565:,
14546:,
14506:,
14486:,
14463:,
14437:.
14419:,
14400:,
14381:,
14319:,
14293:,
14267:,
14242:,
14217:,
14198:,
14172:,
14146:,
14120:,
14004:,
13978:.
13944:.
13925:,
13904:,
13885:,
13866:,
13819:27
13817:.
13800:.
13790:35
13788:.
13771:,
13747:,
13735:,
13724:21
13722:.
13718:.
13297:.
13261:,
13160:.
13142:.
13123:.
13082:.
13064:.
13002:.
12971:.
12939:.
12921:.
12890:.
12841:.
12835:.
12803:.
12771:.
12753:.
12749:.
12719:.
12693:.
12687:.
12665:.
12661:.
12630:.
12578:.
12574:.
12521:.
12517:.
12491:.
12485:.
12458:.
12452:.
12425:.
12419:.
12388:.
12358:.
12332:.
12328:.
12316:^
12298:.
12292:.
12266:.
12262:.
12231:.
12213:.
12187:.
12181:.
12151:.
12125:.
12119:.
12100:.
12094:.
12076:.
12051:.
12045:.
12018:.
12014:.
11987:.
11981:.
11948:.
11918:.
11888:.
11852:.
11796:.
11766:.
11762:.
11724:^
11706:.
11702:.
11691:^
11661:^
11581:.
11577:.
11546:.
11515:.
11483:.
11453:^
11402:.
11372:.
11342:.
11290:.
11286:.
11261:.
11235:.
11229:.
11062:.
11046:.
11023:.
10963:.
10939:48
10937:.
10897:.
10886:^
10872:.
10854:.
10850:.
10831:.
10827:.
10801:.
10773:.
10755:.
10749:.
10737:^
10727:.
10723:.
10693:.
10667:.
10663:.
10617:.
10591:.
10587:.
10576:^
10564:.
10538:.
10532:.
10500:.
10422:.
10391:.
10321:.
10317:.
10263:.
10259:.
10232:.
10228:.
10202:.
10198:.
10171:.
10165:.
10138:.
10134:.
10107:.
10101:.
10071:.
10067:.
10034:.
9989:.
9985:.
9967:–
9929:.
9918:^
9900:.
9894:.
9863:.
9772:.
9730:.
9695:67
9693:.
9689:.
9675:^
9659:67
9657:.
9653:.
9628:67
9626:.
9622:.
9585:.
9573:28
9571:.
9567:.
9555:^
9536:.
9510:.
9506:.
9475:.
9442:.
9412:.
9382:.
9352:.
9322:.
9292:.
9266:.
9262:.
9232:.
9221:^
9186:^
9138:^
9116:^
9098:.
9092:.
9040:^
9018:.
8992:.
8986:.
8959:.
8955:.
8922:.
8892:.
8862:.
8832:.
8821:^
8799:.
8769:.
8737:.
8706:.
8676:.
8646:.
8616:.
8586:.
8556:.
8544:^
8524:19
8522:.
8518:.
8471:.
8467:.
8367:^
8334:.
8330:.
8309:.
8286:^
8252:,
8223:.
8197:.
8193:.
8136:.
8060:.
8052:.
8042:67
8040:.
8036:.
8024:^
7980:.
7976:.
7922:.
7896:.
7890:.
7873:.
7855:.
7830:.
7804:.
7788:.
7762:.
7754:.
7746:.
7738:.
7726:.
7722:.
7710:^
7645:.
7606:.
7598:.
7560:.
7531:.
7505:.
7497:.
7487:31
7485:.
7481:.
7438:.
7424:.
7355:.
7329:^
7308:^
7280:^
7200:^
7183:,
7179:,
7142:,
7114:^
7096:.
7092:.
7081:^
7007:.
7003:.
6913:^
6898:^
6869:^
6842:^
6804:.
6794:22
6792:.
6788:.
6776:^
6759:,
6716:.
6689:.
6679:.
6641:16
6639:.
6635:.
6601:.
6579:.
6567:53
6565:.
6561:.
6512:.
6508:.
6481:.
6419:^
6391:.
6369:"
6270:.
6182:.
6178:.
6152:.
6148:.
6119:^
6103:.
5994:.
5898:.
5894:.
5868:.
5844:.
5815:,
5798:^
5776:.
5765:^
5741:.
5659:.
5578:.
5568:21
5566:.
5543:.
5531:53
5529:.
5525:.
5511:^
5467:.
5461:.
5443:,
5390:^
5338:.
5328:.
5294:15
5292:.
5288:.
5210:.
5161:^
5118:^
5108:.
5096:.
5054:.
5050:.
5024:^
5009:^
4958:28
4877:^
4852:^
4837:^
4819:.
4811:.
4803:.
4793:41
4791:.
4787:.
4772:88
4736:^
4714:.
4702:^
4686:67
4684:.
4680:.
4657:.
4647:22
4645:.
4641:.
4572:.
4544:.
4528:.
4497:.
4458:^
4042:.
3982:,
3959:.
3933:.
3917:.
3908:,
3671:ja
3657:.
3643:.
3600:.
3329:,
3144:$
3046:.
2994:.
2571:,
2545:,
2537:,
2525:,
2521:,
2513:,
2509:,
2505:,
2501:,
2497:,
2485:,
2394:.
2310:.
2033:fa
516:on
195:on
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
140:,
136:,
77:,
19436:)
19432:(
19283:)
19279:(
19244:e
19237:t
19230:v
19201:(
19178:(
19148:(
19136:(
19113:(
19101:(
19078:(
19066:(
19054:(
19042:(
19019:(
19007:/
19001:(
18976:e
18969:t
18962:v
17937:)
17931:(
16805:)
16801:(
16737:)
16733:(
16697:)
16693:(
16635:)
16631:(
15685:e
15678:t
15671:v
15613:.
15593:.
15573:.
15499:.
15435:.
15407:.
15260:.
15240:.
15224:.
15203:.
15178:9
15161:.
15131:.
15116:.
15101:.
15055:.
15034:.
15004:.
14962:.
14940:.
14918:.
14889:.
14868:.
14848:.
14824:.
14765:.
14710:.
14708:.
14681:.
14595:.
14455:.
14354:.
14046:)
14042:(
14040:.
14021:\
13994:.
13956:.
13858:.
13829:.
13808:.
13796::
13743::
13700:.
13631:.
13611:.
13586:.
13390:.
13347:.
13254:.
13228:.
13171:.
13146:.
13127:.
13094:.
13068:.
13013:.
12987:.
12957:.
12925:.
12906:.
12821:.
12789:.
12735:.
12705:.
12646:.
12616:.
12590:.
12559:.
12533:.
12503:.
12470:.
12437:.
12404:.
12374:.
12344:.
12310:.
12278:.
12247:.
12199:.
12167:.
12137:.
12030:.
11999:.
11966:.
11934:.
11904:.
11838:.
11811:.
11778:.
11747:.
11718:.
11685:.
11619:.
11593:.
11562:.
11531:.
11501:.
11447:.
11420:.
11388:.
11358:.
11328:.
11302:.
11247:.
11197:.
11171:.
11145:.
11119:.
11092:.
10992:.
10949:.
10813:.
10787:.
10709:.
10679:.
10603:.
10550:.
10518:.
10486:.
10460:.
10434:.
10407:.
10377:.
10333:.
10275:.
10244:.
10214:.
10183:.
10150:.
10119:.
10086:.
10050:.
10001:.
9947:.
9912:.
9879:.
9848:.
9784:.
9755:.
9741:.
9705:.
9669:.
9638:.
9593:.
9579::
9549:.
9522:.
9491:.
9461:.
9428:.
9398:.
9368:.
9338:.
9308:.
9278:.
9248:.
9215:.
9180:.
9110:.
9034:.
9004:.
8971:.
8940:.
8908:.
8878:.
8848:.
8815:.
8785:.
8755:.
8722:.
8692:.
8662:.
8632:.
8602:.
8572:.
8538:.
8483:.
8362:.
8349:.
8239:.
8209:.
8178:.
8152:.
8085:.
8072:.
8018:.
7992:.
7940:.
7908:.
7840:.
7774:.
7734::
7653:.
7618:.
7571:.
7545:.
7517:.
7363:.
7290:.
7233:.
7108:.
7051:.
7019:.
6881:.
6812:.
6800::
6732:.
6701:.
6658:.
6617:.
6587:.
6573::
6524:.
6493:.
6467:.
6441:.
6413:.
6309:.
6282:.
6244:.
6219:.
6194:.
6164:.
6113:.
6077:;
6065:.
6035:.
6010:.
5968:.
5963:;
5953:;
5947:;
5941:;
5928:.
5923:;
5910:.
5880:.
5831:.
5792:.
5759:.
5726:.
5701:.
5696:;
5691:;
5685:;
5671:.
5586:.
5574::
5551:.
5537::
5479:.
5350:.
5308:.
5222:.
5183:.
5156:.
5143:.
5066:.
5036:.
4920:.
4915:;
4910:;
4905:;
4888:.
4847:.
4831:.
4799::
4718:.
4696:.
4665:.
4653::
4626:.
4588:.
4513:.
3140:₩
3136:¥
2232:e
2225:t
2218:v
1428:)
1424:(
894:/
769:
493:e
486:t
479:v
128:(
36:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.