417:
31:
1464:
314:
1584:
305:
287:
296:
477:
1371:
429:, who supports the project said that “For me, it is self-evident that the Muslims need to have a prestigious place of worship, but it bothers me when people have lived here for 35 years and they don’t speak a single word of German.” Christian leaders have taken similarly ambivalent stances: the Catholic Church has long supported the project, though recently Cardinal
1412:
535:
433:, Archbishop of Cologne, has been more cautious: when asked if he was afraid of the mosque, he said, “I don't want to say I'm afraid, but I have an uneasy feeling.” He also stated that Turkey should allow its Christian minorities equivalent rights. He said the mosque would change the skyline of Cologne.
271:
and entrance on the ground floor, lecture halls in the basement, the prayer area on the upper floor and include a Muslim library. A well is placed in the centre to connect the two levels and create a pleasant atmosphere. The mosque consists of flat-like wall screens which form a dome in the centre.
424:
The city's official for integration Marlis
Bredehorst stated that "it is important that the Muslims here get dignified houses of prayer" and added that "two hundred years ago, the Protestants had to pray secretively in Catholic Cologne that is something we can't imagine anymore today." The city's
275:
It also has glass walls, which according to DİTİB spokesman Alboga gives visitors a feeling of openness. According to the architect, openness is further enhanced by an inviting staircase from the street. The developers have required that the secular areas of the mosque (e.g. the restaurant, event
413:. But we have a problem with the integration of Muslims. It's a question of language and culture.” Uckermann left the conservative CDU for right-wing Pro Cologne in 2008 after being voted out of office as the district's deputy mayor and reportedly facing party exclusion.
397:. Then district deputy mayor Uckermann seconded that he thinks many residents reject the mosque because they believe that Cologne is a “Christian city”. Author Ralph Giordano stated that he opposed the project as the mosque would be “an expression of the creeping
440:
Public opinion seems “guardedly supportive, with a majority of residents saying they favor it”. A poll taken by a local newspaper among 500 Cologne residents showed that the project is supported by 63%, of whom 27% want its size to be reduced.
1413:
Die Akte des medialen Islam – Moscheenboom in
Deutschland. Ein Aufstieg des Homo Islamicus? Oder: Die Einbürgerung des Islams. Eine diskursanalytische und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Moscheenstreits in Köln-Ehrenfeld.
405:, a journalist, disagrees with Giordano's metaphor but said that “A mosque is more than a church or a synagogue. It is a political statement.” Giordano's remarks have turned the local dispute into a national debate about the place of
334:
neglected to provide a satisfying security concept for the event. Therefore
Cologne only premitted a limited number of attendees of 500 invited guests to the inauguration. DİTİB also failed to allow the mayor of Cologne
251:
government's religious affairs authority, bank loans, and donations from 884 Muslim associations. Cologne's St. Theodore
Catholic Church has also decided to fundraise for the mosque. The architects of the mosque are
343:
as the mosque was in use since quite some while also before. It was interpreted that DİTİB was more an extension to the
Turkish Government and the it was not interested in a cooperation with german institutions.
230:
architectural style, with glass walls, two minarets and a dome. The mosque is proposed to have a bazaar as well as other secular areas intended for interfaith interactions. As the mosque will be one of
409:. and other prominent Germans criticized the project as well. District mayor Uckermann stated that Giordano's comments “broke down the wall. Before if you criticised this monstrous mosque you were a
455:(CDU), except for Fritz Schramma, the CDU mayor, who approved the construction. Outside the hall, a group of 30 protesters demonstrated against the approval, while 100 demonstrated in favor of it.
437:, Germany's top Protestant bishop, criticized the “male domination” he saw in Islam and said Muslims should be able to convert to Christianity without fearing reprisals and the penalty of death.
462:, Germany: in Duisburg, there was co-operation and good communication from an early stage between German politicians, church and community leaders and the developers of the mosque.
444:
A protest planned by Pro
Cologne for September 20, 2008 was canceled by police at the last minute in the interest of public safety, after clashes between police and protestors.
280:
to build shorter minarets was dropped after the architects said the plan would leave the minarets out of proportion with the rest of the building and surrounding structures.
601:
771:
88:
570:
633:
401:
of our land”, a “declaration of war”, and that he wouldn't want to see women wearing headscarfs on German streets, likening their appearance to “human penguins”.
1658:
339:
to hold a speech at the inauguration, following which she declined to attend. Reker lamented the fact that the official inauguration took part in presence of
881:
746:
654:
465:
In
November 2023 the mosque came under criticism after a Taliban official was invited to an event at the mosque who had arrived in Germany without a visa.
956:
518:
383:
365:
725:
1648:
375:, then local district's deputy mayor, has criticized the project saying that "We don't want to build a Turkish ghetto in Ehrenfeld. I know about
914:
243:
The 48,000-square-foot (4,500 m) mosque cost £15–20 million to build, aiming to house 2,000 to 4,000 worshippers. The mosque is funded by
1261:
244:
327:
1375:
1440:
331:
605:
490:
46:
1211:
389:
On June 16, 2007, 200 people gathered in a protest organized by Pro
Cologne against the mosque including representatives from the
1623:
1068:
1037:
1174:
452:
832:
675:
1638:
1342:
779:
1155:
1433:
805:
235:, and the largest mosque in Germany, it has been criticized by some, particularly for the height of the minarets.
1317:
750:
1653:
1478:
1463:
919:
1488:
522:
1493:
722:
81:
1643:
1628:
1600:
1483:
1426:
1053:
Rechtspopulismus als "Bürgerbewegung": Kampagnen gegen Islam und
Moscheebau und kommunale Gegenstrategien
1022:
Rechtspopulismus als "Bürgerbewegung": Kampagnen gegen Islam und
Moscheebau und kommunale Gegenstrategien
416:
495:
1633:
1573:
1558:
1508:
1265:
551:
451:
voted to approve the construction of the mosque. This position was taken by all parties except the
390:
326:
It was first used as a mosque in 2017. The inauguration of the mosque in September 2018 during the
232:
30:
1182:
1528:
1513:
1121:
1090:
692:
340:
1533:
1523:
1400:
349:
276:
halls and stores) be open to people of all religions. A plan welcomed by then mayor of Cologne
1663:
1568:
1395:
1208:
260:
1583:
864:
386:, expressed his fear that the Cologne mosque will empower the Muslim population too much.
370:
8:
148:
143:
219:(central mosque) in Cologne, Germany. This mosque was inaugurated by Turkish President
1553:
1543:
1518:
1126:
775:
66:
1563:
1186:
1131:
1064:
1033:
992:
924:
889:
648:
448:
458:
The Cologne mosque project has been contrasted with a less controversial project in
253:
1595:
1056:
1025:
987:
733:
406:
402:
208:
200:
1305:
Schramma was the only Christian Democratic Union (CDU) member to approve the plans
1215:
1160:
729:
430:
336:
192:
1236:
1060:
1048:
1029:
1017:
1538:
1473:
1291:
837:
634:"Huge mosque stirs protests in Cologne | International News | News | Telegraph"
556:
434:
426:
361:
277:
227:
1617:
1498:
1321:
1135:
996:
983:"Erdoğan-Staatsbesuch in Deutschland: Beim Staatsbankett war's nicht so nett"
928:
893:
575:
394:
345:
223:. After controversy, the project won the approval of Cologne's city council.
103:
90:
482:
398:
1391:
1548:
1055:. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. pp. 88–93, S. 90 .
772:"Mosque project stirs concerns about the integration of Islam in Germany"
376:
51:
1024:. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. pp. 55–71, S. 55.
1405:
1156:
Mosque project stirs concerns about the integration of Islam in Germany
1384:
1418:
313:
125:
328:
state visit to Germany by the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
961:
459:
304:
295:
286:
1453:
1016:
Killguss, Hans-Peter; Peters, Jürgen; Häusler, Alexander (2008).
882:"Recep Tayyip Erdogan: Köln verbietet Großdemo bei Ditib-Moschee"
264:
220:
74:
70:
1262:"German citizens protest against anti-Islam congress in Cologne"
1449:
1370:
268:
263:
style. It has a main hall of 36.5 meter, and two 55 meter high
248:
571:"How Recep Tayyip Erdogan seduces Turkish migrants in Europe"
420:
The state of construction of the Cologne Mosque in April 2011
256:
and his son Paul Böhm, who specializes in building churches.
212:
1343:"Nancy Faeser kritisiert Taliban-Auftritt in Kölner Moschee"
982:
957:"Erdogan in Köln: Reker wirft Ditib mangelnden Respekt vor"
410:
166:
1286:
1240:
1219:
723:
Turks’ plans to build mosque in Germany divides religions
915:"Henriette Reker beklagt mangelnden Respekt von Ditib"
865:
Effort to build a large mosque rattles some in Cologne
636:. 2007-07-11. Archived from the original on 2007-07-11
179:
1287:"Despite Objections to Size, Cologne Approves Mosque"
1015:
472:
1122:"Germans Split Over a Mosque and the Role of Islam"
1091:"Two Mosques, Two Different Reactions in Germany"
602:"Plans to lower height of Cologne mosque dropped"
1615:
653:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1166:
382:Markus Wiener of the far-right activist group
1659:Religious buildings and structures in Cologne
1434:
1084:
1082:
1080:
833:"Erdogans 30-Millionen-Euro-Prunkbau in Köln"
1177:[Jörg Uckermann: a dubious career].
1175:"Jörg Uckermann: Eine zweifelhafte Karriere"
1172:
747:"Catholic church collects money for mosque"
628:
626:
624:
622:
512:
510:
332:Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs
1441:
1427:
1077:
800:
798:
796:
749:. Expatica. March 16, 2007. Archived from
686:
684:
491:Controversies related to Islam and Muslims
29:
546:
544:
1209:Neubau einer Zentralmoschee in Ehrenfeld
831:Capodici, Vincenzo (28 September 2018).
830:
693:"Mosque stirs racial passion in Germany"
619:
507:
415:
1119:
1046:
1018:"PRO KÖLN – Entstehung und Aktivitäten"
954:
793:
718:
716:
714:
681:
596:
594:
360:The project has been opposed by author
1649:Mosque-related controversies in Europe
1616:
1448:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1088:
859:
857:
855:
676:Tempers flare in German mosque dispute
541:
1422:
1049:"Politische Programmatik von PRO NRW"
950:
948:
946:
944:
876:
874:
826:
824:
822:
690:
670:
668:
666:
664:
552:Go-Ahead for Germany's Biggest Mosque
16:Mosque in Ehrenfeld, Cologne, Germany
1173:Schmalenberg, Detlef (20 May 2008).
711:
591:
1254:
1229:
1104:
852:
13:
1089:Harris, Emily (October 11, 2007).
941:
912:
871:
819:
661:
14:
1675:
1364:
1237:"Street clashes erupt in Germany"
778:. August 22, 2007. Archived from
678:. Associated Press, July 4, 2007.
245:Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği
207:) is a building commissioned by
1582:
1462:
1369:
955:Frigelj, Kristian (2018-09-27).
806:"Muslims Should Not Try to Hide"
516:
475:
312:
303:
294:
285:
1335:
1310:
1279:
1201:
1148:
1051:. In Häusler, Alexander (ed.).
1020:. In Häusler, Alexander (ed.).
1009:
975:
906:
764:
1624:2017 establishments in Germany
1264:. Sep 20, 2008. Archived from
920:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
868:. International Herald Tribune
739:
691:Burke, Jason (July 15, 2007).
604:. expatica.com. Archived from
563:
355:
1:
1349:(in German). 18 November 2023
501:
379:and I don't want that here."
1120:Landler, Mark (2007-07-05).
348:, the Minister President of
215:for a large, representative
35:Cologne Mosque in April 2015
7:
1061:10.1007/978-3-531-91119-9_6
1047:Häusler, Alexander (2008).
1030:10.1007/978-3-531-91119-9_4
521:(in German). Archived from
468:
10:
1680:
808:. Qantara. October 5, 2006
496:List of mosques in Germany
321:
226:The mosque is designed in
1639:Mosques completed in 2017
1591:
1580:
1574:Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque
1559:Red Mosque (Schwetzingen)
1509:Duisburg Cathedral Mosque
1469:
1460:
1376:DITIB-Zentralmoschee Köln
991:(in German). 2018-09-29.
888:(in German). 2018-09-28.
352:also declined to attend.
330:was controversial as the
247:(DİTİB), a branch of the
238:
197:DITIB-Zentralmoschee Köln
178:
173:
162:
154:
142:
134:
130:Paul Böhm, Gottfried Böhm
124:
119:
80:
62:
57:
45:
40:
28:
21:
736:. Retrieved July 8, 2007
447:On August 28, 2008, the
233:Europe's biggest mosques
1529:Ibn Rushd-Goethe Mosque
1318:"Constructing conflict"
1093:. National Public Radio
1534:Islamic Centre Hamburg
1524:Hamburg Central Mosque
1504:Cologne Central Mosque
1401:Cologne Central Mosque
1392:Cologne Central Mosque
421:
391:Austrian Freedom Party
350:North Rhine Westphalia
204:
196:
189:Cologne Central Mosque
82:Geographic coordinates
24:Cologne Central Mosque
1654:Religion and politics
1378:at Wikimedia Commons
1183:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
519:"ZENTRALMOSCHEE KÖLN"
419:
267:. The mosque has the
259:The mosque is in the
1479:Baitul Ghafur Mosque
1224:Kölner Stadtanzeiger
753:on December 13, 2007
674:Grieshaber, Kirsten.
449:Cologne City Council
261:Ottoman architecture
211:of the Organization
104:50.94556°N 6.92833°E
1243:. 20 September 2008
782:on October 18, 2007
550:Jenkner, Carolyn. "
536:English translation
453:Christian democrats
100: /
22:Zentralmoschee Köln
1644:Mosques in Germany
1629:Ehrenfeld, Cologne
1601:Mosques by country
1554:Nuur-ud-Din Mosque
1544:Mosque in Sendling
1519:Fazl-e-Omar Mosque
1494:Baitus Sami Mosque
1489:Baitul Jame Mosque
1484:Baitul Huda Mosque
1214:2011-09-28 at the
1163:. August 22, 2007.
1127:The New York Times
776:Detroit Free Press
728:2007-09-30 at the
560:. August 29, 2008.
422:
1609:
1608:
1411:Çalışkan, Burcu:
1374:Media related to
1324:. August 30, 2007
1070:978-3-531-91119-9
1039:978-3-531-91119-9
364:, right-wingers,
205:Köln Merkez-Camii
185:
184:
163:Construction cost
109:50.94556; 6.92833
1671:
1634:Islam in Cologne
1596:Islam in Germany
1586:
1466:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1388:
1387:
1385:Official website
1373:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:. 29 August 2008
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:on 3 August 2012
1185:. Archived from
1170:
1164:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1117:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1075:
1074:
1043:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
988:Die Tageszeitung
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
952:
939:
938:
936:
935:
913:Burger, Reiner.
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
878:
869:
861:
850:
849:
847:
846:
828:
817:
816:
814:
813:
802:
791:
790:
788:
787:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
743:
737:
720:
709:
708:
706:
704:
688:
679:
672:
659:
658:
652:
644:
642:
641:
630:
617:
616:
614:
613:
598:
589:
588:
586:
584:
579:. 31 August 2017
567:
561:
548:
539:
533:
531:
530:
514:
485:
480:
479:
478:
407:Islam in Germany
403:Henryk M. Broder
393:and the Belgian
374:
316:
307:
298:
289:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
33:
19:
18:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1587:
1578:
1564:Şehitlik Mosque
1467:
1456:
1447:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:, Juni 19, 2007
1216:Wayback Machine
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1171:
1167:
1161:Chicago Tribune
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1118:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1045:
1040:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
981:
980:
976:
967:
965:
953:
942:
933:
931:
911:
907:
898:
896:
880:
879:
872:
862:
853:
844:
842:
829:
820:
811:
809:
804:
803:
794:
785:
783:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
745:
744:
740:
730:Wayback Machine
721:
712:
702:
700:
689:
682:
673:
662:
646:
645:
639:
637:
632:
631:
620:
611:
609:
600:
599:
592:
582:
580:
569:
568:
564:
549:
542:
528:
526:
515:
508:
504:
481:
476:
474:
471:
431:Joachim Meisner
368:
358:
337:Henriette Reker
324:
317:
308:
299:
290:
241:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
73:
36:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Khadija Mosque
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:al-Quds Mosque
1470:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1398:
1389:
1366:
1365:External links
1363:
1361:
1360:
1334:
1309:
1292:Deutsche Welle
1278:
1253:
1228:
1200:
1165:
1147:
1103:
1076:
1069:
1038:
1008:
974:
940:
905:
870:
851:
838:Tages-Anzeiger
818:
792:
763:
738:
710:
680:
660:
618:
590:
562:
557:Spiegel Online
540:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
493:
487:
486:
470:
467:
435:Wolfgang Huber
427:Fritz Schramma
366:Jörg Uckermann
362:Ralph Giordano
357:
354:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
309:
302:
300:
293:
291:
284:
278:Fritz Schramma
254:Gottfried Böhm
240:
237:
217:Zentralmoschee
209:German Muslims
183:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
84:
78:
77:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1676:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1612:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Ehsaan Mosque
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Berlin Mosque
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1322:The Economist
1319:
1313:
1306:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1268:on 2008-09-29
1267:
1263:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1222:), published
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1181:(in German).
1180:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
998:
994:
990:
989:
984:
978:
964:
963:
958:
951:
949:
947:
945:
930:
926:
923:(in German).
922:
921:
916:
909:
895:
891:
887:
883:
877:
875:
867:
866:
860:
858:
856:
840:
839:
834:
827:
825:
823:
807:
801:
799:
797:
781:
777:
773:
767:
752:
748:
742:
735:
734:Today's Zaman
731:
727:
724:
719:
717:
715:
698:
694:
687:
685:
677:
671:
669:
667:
665:
656:
650:
635:
629:
627:
625:
623:
608:on 2013-01-22
607:
603:
597:
595:
578:
577:
576:The Economist
572:
566:
559:
558:
553:
547:
545:
537:
525:on 2007-09-14
524:
520:
513:
511:
506:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
473:
466:
463:
461:
456:
454:
450:
445:
442:
438:
436:
432:
428:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:Vlaams Belang
392:
387:
385:
380:
378:
372:
367:
363:
353:
351:
347:
346:Armin Laschet
342:
338:
333:
329:
315:
310:
306:
301:
297:
292:
288:
283:
282:
281:
279:
273:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
250:
246:
236:
234:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
181:
180:www.ditib.de/
177:
172:
169:17-20 million
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
118:
113:
85:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1664:DITIB mosque
1611:
1569:Tahir Mosque
1503:
1404:
1368:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1312:
1304:
1297:. Retrieved
1290:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1231:
1223:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1178:
1168:
1154:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1125:
1095:. Retrieved
1052:
1021:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
986:
977:
966:. Retrieved
960:
932:. Retrieved
918:
908:
897:. Retrieved
885:
863:
843:. Retrieved
836:
810:. Retrieved
784:. Retrieved
780:the original
766:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
741:
701:. Retrieved
697:The Guardian
696:
638:. Retrieved
610:. Retrieved
606:the original
581:. Retrieved
574:
565:
555:
527:. Retrieved
523:the original
517:Böhm, Plul.
483:Islam portal
464:
457:
446:
443:
439:
423:
399:Islamization
388:
381:
359:
325:
274:
258:
242:
225:
216:
188:
186:
126:Architect(s)
120:Architecture
1549:Noor Mosque
1353:18 November
1207:Omniquest:
1179:www.ksta.de
886:Der Spiegel
841:(in German)
583:2 September
384:Pro Cologne
377:Londonistan
369: [
356:Controversy
228:neo-Ottoman
107: /
52:Sunni Islam
47:Affiliation
1618:Categories
1406:Structurae
1347:www.zdf.de
1328:2007-12-02
1299:8 December
1272:2008-10-31
1247:2008-10-31
1193:29 October
1141:2022-06-28
1097:2007-12-02
1002:2023-02-07
968:2018-10-12
934:2023-02-07
899:2023-02-07
845:2023-02-07
812:2007-12-02
786:2007-09-16
757:2007-12-02
640:2022-06-28
612:2008-12-10
529:2007-09-16
502:References
92:50°56′44″N
1136:0362-4331
997:0931-9085
929:0174-4909
894:2195-1349
703:April 30,
155:Completed
95:6°55′42″E
67:Ehrenfeld
1396:Facebook
1212:Archived
962:Die Welt
726:Archived
699:. London
649:cite web
469:See also
460:Duisburg
265:minarets
63:Location
58:Location
41:Religion
1454:Germany
1450:Mosques
425:mayor,
341:Erdogan
322:Opening
249:Turkish
221:Erdogan
201:Turkish
174:Website
75:Germany
71:Cologne
1134:
1067:
1036:
995:
927:
892:
269:bazaar
239:Design
193:German
149:Modern
138:Mosque
1414:2010.
373:]
213:DİTİB
144:Style
1355:2023
1301:2021
1195:2011
1132:ISSN
1065:ISBN
1034:ISBN
993:ISSN
925:ISSN
890:ISSN
705:2010
655:link
585:2017
411:Nazi
187:The
158:2017
135:Type
1452:in
1403:at
1394:on
1241:BBC
1220:PDF
1057:doi
1026:doi
554:,"
1620::
1345:.
1320:.
1303:.
1289:.
1239:.
1159:.
1130:.
1124:.
1106:^
1079:^
1063:.
1032:.
985:.
959:.
943:^
917:.
884:.
873:^
854:^
835:.
821:^
795:^
774:.
732:.
713:^
695:.
683:^
663:^
651:}}
647:{{
621:^
593:^
573:.
543:^
509:^
371:de
203::
199:,
195::
69:,
1442:e
1435:t
1428:v
1357:.
1331:.
1275:.
1250:.
1218:(
1197:.
1144:.
1100:.
1073:.
1059::
1044:.
1042:.
1028::
1005:.
971:.
937:.
902:.
848:.
815:.
789:.
760:.
707:.
657:)
643:.
615:.
587:.
538:)
534:(
532:.
191:(
167:€
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.