132:
112:
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266:. Neither type of transcription is more correct, as both convey exactly the same information, but transcription systems that use the length mark make it more clear whether a vowel is checked or free. Compare the length of the RP vowel
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329:
from
Croatia and Serbia pronounce historical unstressed long vowels as short, with some exceptions (such as genitive plural endings). Therefore, the name
42:
208:
Rhythmic clipping occurs in polysyllabic words. The more syllables a word has, the shorter its vowels are and so the first vowel of
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95:, vowels in unstressed syllables are shortened and centralized, which is particularly noticeable with tense vowels; compare the
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242:⟩ diacritic is sometimes omitted in IPA transcriptions of English and so words such as
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167:) have two types of non-phonemic clipping: pre-fortis clipping and rhythmic clipping.
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is used instead of those rules in
Scotland and sometimes also in Northern Ireland.
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is very rare in North
America, as it relies on a three-way distinction between
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194:. Vowels preceding voiceless consonants that begin a next syllable (as in
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Clipping with vowel reduction also occurs in many unstressed syllables.
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is pronounced more quickly than an unclipped vowel and is often also
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in
Canadian English, which is typically longer (like RP
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Because of the variability of vowel length, the ⟨
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29:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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43:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
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186:has a vowel that is shorter than the one in
482:Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) ,
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486:(5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers,
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424:"Lecture 3: The vowel system; clipping"
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468:, The University of Wisconsin Press,
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224:, which, in turn, is shorter than in
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351:Blackfoot language § Vowel devoicing
306:) and so can also be transcribed as
33:. For the distinction between ,
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484:The Phonetics of English and Dutch
147:Many dialects of English (such as
14:
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356:Cayuga language § Devoiced vowels
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205:) are not affected by this rule.
58:is the process of shortening the
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502:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
278:as opposed to the corresponding
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25:International Phonetic Alphabet
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366:Japanese phonology § Devoicing
335:is pronounced , rather than .
1:
393:
542:. You can help Knowledge by
361:French phonology § Devoicing
258:, instead of the more usual
91:Particularly in Netherlands
7:
464:Alexander, Ronelle (2006),
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170:The first type occurs in a
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315:Scottish vowel length rule
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504:(3rd ed.), Longman,
290:is a free vowel (checked
165:Standard Canadian English
153:General American English
86:
500:Wells, John C. (2008),
422:Wells, John C. (2006).
373:Apheresis (linguistics)
21:phonetic transcriptions
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157:Received Pronunciation
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18:This article contains
378:Clipping (morphology)
161:South African English
383:Syncope (phonetics)
286:) because Canadian
250:are transcribed as
216:is shorter than in
149:Australian English
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475:978-0-299-21194-3
325:Many speakers of
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203:/ˈkiː.tʃeɪn/
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66:, usually a
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37:and ⟨
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99:phoneme in
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432:23 October
394:References
589:Phonetics
536:phonetics
174:before a
52:phonetics
339:See also
332:Jadranka
139:'king'.
82:Examples
56:clipping
35:/ /
31:Help:IPA
300:THOUGHT
214:dership
143:English
76:reduced
23:in the
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472:
264:/liːd/
260:/dɔːn/
39:
534:This
427:(PDF)
256:/lid/
252:/dɔn/
200:chain
93:Dutch
87:Dutch
68:vowel
62:of a
27:(IPA)
540:stub
506:ISBN
488:ISBN
470:ISBN
434:2016
313:The
308:/ɒː/
304:PALM
302:and
284:/ɑː/
262:and
254:and
248:lead
244:dawn
163:and
126:ning
106:nijn
97:/oː/
70:. A
296:LOT
292:/ɒ/
288:/ɒ/
280:/ɒ/
268:/ɒ/
246:or
222:der
50:In
585::
402:^
347::
310:.
298:,
232:.
228:ea
220:ea
212:ea
198:ey
159:,
155:,
151:,
78:.
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571:e
564:t
557:v
546:.
436:.
276:t
274:o
272:n
240:ː
230:d
226:r
218:r
210:r
196:k
192:d
190:e
188:b
184:t
182:e
180:b
124:o
122:k
104:o
102:k
45:.
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