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Synchronic analysis studies linguistic phenomena at one moment of a language's history, usually the present, in contrast to diachronic analysis, which studies a language's states and the patterns of change across a historical timeframe. In modern languages, syncope occurs in
1158:
In historical phonology, the term "syncope" is often limited to the loss of an unstressed vowel, in effect collapsing the syllable that contained it: trisyllabic Latin
1533:, an extinct American Indian language in which the second vowel of a word was deleted unless it was adjacent to a consonant cluster or a final consonant.
696:'cutting up') is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel. It is found in both
1664:"syncope noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"
864:
Sounds may be removed from the interior of a word as a rhetorical or poetic device: for embellishment or for the sake of the meter.
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1067:(generally only when unstressed and when expressing intention rather than direction), pronounced
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If the present root form in Irish is the result of diachronic syncope, synchronic syncope for
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Various sorts of colloquial reductions might be called "syncope" or "compression".
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in
English such as "didn't" or "can't" are typically cases of syncope.
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842:(the town of the island). Once again, there is the loss of the second
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analyses of languages. Its opposite, whereby sounds are added, is
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799:(katvu), (they) wrote, when the third-person plural ending
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1749:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
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546:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1742:
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1162:(stress on first syllable) develops as bisyllabic
767:causes syncope and the second-last syllable vowel
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1745:An Introduction to Historical Linguistics
606:Learn how and when to remove this message
1734:Transactions of the Philological Society
1724:
1678:the pronunciation of library as /laɪbri/
1740:
761:(I play). However, the addition of the
14:
1767:
1529:A syncope rule has been identified in
1153:
707:
1689:
1622:
1465:
1445:
859:
1169:
544:adding citations to reliable sources
515:
1579:of sounds to the interior of a word
801:
795:
789:
24:
1668:www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
929:
25:
1796:
1730:"On certain instances of Synkope"
1630:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
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1199:
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531:needs additional citations for
86:Consonant voicing and devoicing
1683:
1656:
1616:
1166:in several Romance languages.
724:
13:
1:
1609:
793:(katav), (he) wrote, becomes
27:Loss of a sound within a word
681:
7:
1536:
10:
1801:
1718:
667:
666:
29:
755:(to play) should become *
698:synchronic and diachronic
1428:Loss of unstressed vowel
820:(island) should become *
555:"Syncope" phonology
436:Compensatory lengthening
208:Compensatory lengthening
30:Not to be confused with
1741:Crowley, Terry (1997).
1543:Apheresis (linguistics)
1521:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1477:
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830:. However, instead of *
721:, and informal speech.
61:Quantitative metathesis
1697:Introductory Phonology
1460:
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921:, often confused with
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1785:Prosody (linguistics)
1553:Clipping (morphology)
729:In languages such as
1563:Deletion (phonology)
1558:Clipping (phonetics)
1193:> Modern English
1187:> Middle English
1090:or, before a vowel,
540:improve this article
201:Transphonologization
1726:Cockayne, T. Oswald
1154:Diachronic analysis
741:can cause syncope:
708:Synchronic analysis
81:Consonant gradation
18:Syncope (phonetics)
1583:Poetic contraction
860:As a poetic device
836:, road signs say,
466:Consonant mutation
441:Monophthongization
323:Consonant mutation
32:Syncope (medicine)
1775:Figures of speech
1170:Loss of any sound
737:, the process of
695:
679:
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514:
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461:Shm-reduplication
451:Rhinoglottophilia
287:Consonant harmony
188:Cluster reduction
16:(Redirected from
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1634:(2nd ed.).
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1469:
1467:[ˈɔkkjo]
1449:
1447:[ˈkaldo]
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1061:> colloquial
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948:> colloquial
880:("he had moved")
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1703:Wiley-Blackwell
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1604:Vowel reduction
1539:
1519:> Old Norse
1499:> Old Norse
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930:Informal speech
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833:Baile na hInise
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268:Final devoicing
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106:Debuccalization
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1624:Wells, John C.
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1509:Proto-Germanic
1506:
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1380:
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1217:
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1119:pronounced as
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1055:
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931:
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927:
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911:
901:
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861:
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856:is prevented.
850:
849:
839:Baile na hInse
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811:
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805:(-u) is added.
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253:Palatalization
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248:Coarticulation
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148:Vowel breaking
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101:L-vocalization
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96:Spirantization
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3:
2:
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1756:0-19-558378-7
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1649:0-582-36467-1
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1463:
1459:> Italian
1458:
1457:
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1448:
1444:
1443:
1439:> Italian
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1388:, pronounced
1387:
1386:
1385:Godmanchester
1381:
1377:
1348:, pronounced
1347:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1308:, pronounced
1307:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1265:, pronounced
1264:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1225:, pronounced
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1197:, pronounced
1196:
1191:
1186:
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1180:
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1173:
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1165:
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1148:
1142:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1087:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1029:, pronounced
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
990:, pronounced
989:
985:
981:
977:
954:, pronounced
953:
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947:
943:
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834:
829:
828:genitive case
824:
818:
814:
813:
810:In some nouns
809:
808:
787:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
749:
748:
745:In some verbs
744:
743:
742:
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736:
732:
722:
720:
716:
705:
703:
699:
693:
687:
685:
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664:
663:Ancient Greek
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625:
621:
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607:
599:
588:
585:
581:
578:
574:
571:
567:
564:
560:
557: –
556:
552:
551:Find sources:
545:
541:
535:
534:
529:This article
527:
523:
518:
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502:
500:
495:
493:
488:
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457:
456:Sulcalization
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427:
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344:
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334:
331:
329:
326:
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321:
319:
315:
312:
311:
308:
303:
302:
299:
298:Dissimilation
296:
295:
288:
285:
282:
278:
277:vowel harmony
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Labialization
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
237:
232:
231:
224:
223:Floating tone
221:
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214:
211:
209:
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202:
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189:
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107:
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42:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1744:
1733:
1696:
1691:Hayes, Bruce
1685:
1677:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1629:
1618:
1576:
1528:
1511:
1493:Proto-Norse
1383:
1343:
1303:
1260:
1220:
1194:
1175:Old English
1163:
1159:
1157:
1116:
1062:
1058:
1026:
1023:I would have
1022:
987:
983:
949:
945:
938:Contractions
936:
933:
922:
918:
917:> poetic
914:
908:
907:> poetic
904:
898:
897:> poetic
894:
888:
887:> poetic
884:
874:> poetic
863:
851:
728:
711:
683:
623:
617:
602:
593:
583:
576:
569:
562:
550:
538:Please help
533:verification
530:
333:Vowel hiatus
258:Velarization
236:Assimilation
213:Nasalization
172:
91:Assibilation
41:Sound change
1705:. pp.
1638:. pp.
1598:Syncopation
1474:Proto-Norse
773:is lost so
725:Inflections
476:Chain shift
471:Vowel shift
391:Affrication
380:Other types
328:Tone sandhi
218:Tonogenesis
45:alternation
1769:Categories
1673:2020-05-04
1610:References
1588:Synaeresis
1573:Epenthesis
1262:Gloucester
946:Australian
925:("before")
871:commōverat
854:inflection
739:inflection
715:inflection
702:epenthesis
596:March 2019
566:newspapers
396:Gemination
357:Synaeresis
126:Epenthesis
54:Metathesis
1780:Phonology
1593:Synalepha
1525:"heavens"
1483:Old Norse
1423:(archaic)
1345:Towcester
1305:Leicester
1222:Worcester
1178:hlāfweard
1147:haplology
889:hast'ning
885:hastening
676:romanized
620:phonology
446:Rhotacism
366:Synizesis
361:diaeresis
340:Synalepha
318:linking R
273:Metaphony
183:Haplology
168:Apheresis
143:Unpacking
133:Prothesis
117:Fortition
1728:(1854).
1693:(2009).
1626:(2000).
1600:in music
1577:addition
1537:See also
1382:English
1342:English
1302:English
1259:English
1219:English
1115:English
1059:going to
1057:English
1021:English
982:English
944:English
913:English
903:English
893:English
883:English
877:commōrat
796:כָּתְבוּ
779:becomes
421:Iotacism
416:Betacism
406:Fronting
401:Clipping
386:Apophony
138:Paragoge
74:Lenition
1719:Sources
1636:Longman
1568:Elision
1548:Apocope
1531:Tonkawa
1515:himinōz
1505:"books"
1436:cálidum
1184:hlāford
1160:calidus
1117:library
984:did not
826:in the
694:
684:sunkopḗ
678::
669:συγκοπή
661:; from
624:syncope
580:scholar
411:Raising
347:Elision
314:Liaison
178:Apocope
173:Syncope
161:Elision
1753:
1646:
1575:, the
1522:himnar
1462:occhio
1456:óculum
1453:Latin
1433:Latin
1190:loverd
1027:I'd've
988:didn't
951:Strine
899:heav'n
895:heaven
868:Latin
790:כָּתַב
776:imirim
758:imirím
735:Hebrew
719:poetry
582:
575:
568:
561:
553:
431:Merger
426:Fusion
352:Crasis
307:Sandhi
281:umlaut
243:Fusion
1736:(11).
1640:165–6
1513:*
1496:bókiʀ
1490:"arm"
1481:>
1478:armaʀ
1470:"eye"
1450:"hot"
1442:caldo
1181:>
1164:caldo
1064:gonna
1025:>
986:>
823:inise
782:imrím
731:Irish
587:JSTOR
573:books
1751:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1502:bǿkr
1487:armr
1195:lord
919:e'er
915:ever
909:o'er
905:over
817:inis
752:imir
733:and
692:lit.
559:news
359:and
43:and
1707:255
1207:ɔːr
923:ere
802:־וּ
764:-ím
618:In
542:by
1771::
1732:.
1701:.
1676:.
1666:.
1642:.
1361:oʊ
1129:aɪ
1039:aɪ
1009:ən
970:aɪ
717:,
704:.
689:,
673:,
665::
622:,
316:,
279:,
1759:.
1709:.
1652:.
1419:/
1416:ə
1413:t
1410:.
1407:s
1404:m
1401:ʌ
1398:ɡ
1395:ˈ
1392:/
1376:/
1373:ə
1370:t
1367:.
1364:s
1358:t
1355:ˈ
1352:/
1336:/
1333:ə
1330:t
1327:.
1324:s
1321:ɛ
1318:l
1315:ˈ
1312:/
1296:/
1293:ə
1290:t
1287:.
1284:s
1281:ɒ
1278:l
1275:ɡ
1272:ˈ
1269:/
1253:/
1250:ə
1247:t
1244:.
1241:s
1238:ʊ
1235:w
1232:ˈ
1229:/
1213:/
1210:d
1204:l
1201:/
1149:)
1145:(
1141:/
1138:i
1135:r
1132:b
1126:l
1123:/
1109:/
1106:u
1103:n
1100:ə
1097:ɡ
1094:/
1086:/
1083:ə
1080:n
1077:ə
1074:ɡ
1071:/
1051:/
1048:v
1045:ə
1042:d
1036:ˈ
1033:/
1015:/
1012:t
1006:d
1003:ɪ
1000:d
997:ˈ
994:/
976:/
973:n
967:r
964:t
961:s
958:/
848:.
845:i
785:.
770:i
657:/
654:i
651:p
648:ə
645:k
642:ŋ
639:ɪ
636:s
633:ˈ
630:/
626:(
609:)
603:(
598:)
594:(
584:·
577:·
570:·
563:·
536:.
505:e
498:t
491:v
283:)
275:(
34:.
20:)
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