545:. This corresponds to the pronunciation given in a dictionary. However, when words are spoken in context, it often happens that some sounds that belong to the citation form are omitted. Elision is not an all-or-nothing process: elision is more likely to occur in some styles of speaking and less likely in others. Many writers have described the styles of speech in which elision is most commonly found, using terms such as "casual speech", "spontaneous speech", "allegro speech" or "rapid speech". In addition, what may appear to be the disappearance of a sound may in fact be a change in the articulation of a sound that makes it less audible. For example, it has been said that in some dialects of Spanish the word-final
1949:) even if they were pronounced as a contraction, but now they are always written as a contraction so long as they are spoken that way. However, they are by no means mandatory and a speaker or writer may choose to keep the words distinct rather than contract them either as a stylistic choice, when using formal register, to make meaning clearer to children or non-native English speakers, or to emphasize a word within the contraction (e.g.
2515:
561:. The most extreme possibility is complete elision resulting in a diphthong with no observable consonantal tongue gesture. In this view, elision is the final stage in lenition or consonant weakening, the last phase of a cline or continuum describable as d > ð > ð̞ > ∅. Whether the elision is of vowel or consonant, if it is consistent through time, the form with elision may come to be accepted as the norm:
2623:) that appears in a low-pitched syllable between two voiceless consonants is devoiced and often deleted outright. However, unlike French or English, Japanese does not often show elision in writing. The process is purely phonetic and varies considerably depending on the dialect or level of formality. A few examples (slightly exaggerated; apostrophes added to indicate elision):
765:
deleted in the derived word "hearing". The difference is between word-final /r/ in "hear", where the /r/ would form part of the rhyme of a syllable, and word-medial /r/ which would form the onset of the second syllable of "hearing". The following rule deletes /r/ in "hear", giving /hɪə/, but does not apply in the case of "hearing", giving /hɪərɪŋ/.
678:. In some cases the contracted form is not a simple matter of elision: for example, "that's" as a contraction is made not only by the elision of the /ɪ/ of "is" but also by the change of final consonant from /z/ to /s/; "won't" for "will not" requires not only the elision of the /ɒ/ of "not" but also the vowel change /ɪ/ → /oʊ/ and in English
2715:. Words ending in vowels would elide with the following word if it started with a vowel or h; words ending with -m would also be elided in the same way (this is called ecthlipsis). In writing, unlike in Greek, this would not be shown, with the normal spelling of the word represented. For instance, line 5 of
529:) in a word or phrase. However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced "firs' light" (
3328:
In
Pakistan, elision has become very common in speech. Commonly used words have single consonants or syllables removed in casual speech and it is becoming more acceptable in formal settings due to an increasing understandability and use. Although not seen when writing in the Urdu script (Nastaleeq),
712:
Elision is frequently found in verse. It is sometimes explicitly marked in the spelling, and in other cases has to be inferred from knowledge of the metre. Elisions occurred regularly in Latin, but were not written, except in inscriptions and comedy. Elision of a vowel before a word starting in a
2740:
It is generally thought that elision in Latin poetry came from ordinary Latin pronunciation. However, at some points in speech where elision was standard in poetry, such as at the end of sentences, there was no elision in prose. Around 30 B.C., there was a sharp decline in the amount of elision.
764:
An example of a deletion rule (for /r/-deletion in
English RP) is provided by Giegerich. If we start with the premise that the underlying form of the word "hear" has a final /r/ and has the phonological form /hɪər/, we need to be able to explain how /r/ is deleted at the end of "hear" but is not
1853:
Most elisions in
English are not mandatory, but they are used in common practice and even sometimes in more formal speech. This applies to nearly all the examples in the above table. However, these types of elisions are rarely shown in modern writing and never shown in formal writing. In formal
3575:
Welsh also displays elision of initial syllables in singular/plural or collective/singulative pairs where the plural or singulative becomes longer than two syllables. This, however, is now restricted to specific nouns and is not productive. E.g.
643:
is no longer recognized as meaningful in French. In
English, the word "cupboard" would originally have contained /p/ between /ʌ/ and /b/, but the /p/ is believed to have disappeared from the pronunciation of the word about the fifteenth century.
1937:. The apostrophes represent the sounds that are removed and are not spoken but help the reader to understand that it is a contraction and not a word of its own. These contractions used to be written out when transcribed (i.e.
3329:
it is often seen in Roman Urdu (Latin alphabet) as the latter is more similar to vernacular Urdu. Most elisions occur by removing a vowel or the consonant /h/ or a combination of the two. Some widely-used examples are:
1880:
could do all that every damn month. Get a gallon of whisky, or set in a pool room and play cards or shoot pool." Lennie knelt and looked over the fire at the angry George. And Lennie's face was drawn in with terror.
670:" /sə ɛ/) or one that is still optional (in English, a speaker may say "that is" /ðæt ɪz/ or "that's" /ðæts/). Contractions of both sorts are natural forms of the language used by native speakers and are often
2339:. There are a variety of rules for its occurrence, but the most notable is the loss of trailing consonants in common particles as well as the merger of similar vowel sounds. For example, the ubiquitous
721:
in
English verse of past centuries marked by spelling and punctuation. Frequently found examples are over > o'er and ever > e'er. Multiple examples can be seen in lines such as the following from
1854:
writing, the words are written the same whether or not the speaker would elide them, but in many plays and classic
American literature, words are often written with an elision to demonstrate accent:
1922:
shown in the table above, are generally used only in fast or informal speech. They are still generally written as is unless the writer intends to show the dialect or speech patterns of the speaker.
553:(tired) is pronounced /ado/ in citation form but the /d/ is omitted in normal speech, giving "cansao". More careful description will show that the Spanish phoneme /d/ is usually pronounced as a
2351:(verb); the full particles is spoken only when a person is sounding the sentence out word by word. Another noteworthy and extremely common example along this line includes the phrase
2703:
It is common for successive o sounds to be reduced to a single o sound, as is frequently encountered when the particle を (wo/o) is followed by the beautifying or honorific お (o).
589:
or "economy of effort". This concept has been stated as "If a word or expression remains perfectly intelligible without a certain sound, people tend to omit that sound."
3107:
4422:
3700:
675:
1870:
trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want. Why, I could stay in a
4204:
802:
597:
There are various ways in which the present form of a language may reflect elisions that have taken place in the past. This topic is an area of
4407:
658:, where common words that occur frequently together form a shortened pronunciation. This may be a historical case (for example, French "
4417:
4206:
Ovid, Metamorphoses, 3.511-733: Latin Text with
Introduction, Commentary, Glossary of Terms, Vocabulary Aid and Study Questions
2245:
Nouns and adjectives that end with unstressed "el" or "er" have the "e" elided when they are declined or a suffix follows. ex.
496:
2504:
3758:
2163:
Elision of vowel and consonant sounds was also an important phenomenon in the phonological evolution of French. For example,
723:
682:"can't" and "shan't" change vowel from /æ/ of "can" and "shall" to /ɑː/ in /kɑːnt/, /ʃɑːnt/. In some languages employing the
2688:), but women are traditionally encouraged to do the opposite. However, excessive elision is generally associated with lower
4350:
3080:
caused by vowels: the choice of which to use depends upon whether or not the vowels are identical. This is referred to as
3449:(The difference between the elision May and the original word Main is the lack of nasalization at the end in the former.)
3177:
as contracted versions of the literal translations for dancer and singer exclusively used for
Flamenco, compared to the
717:
is Lugete, O Veneres
Cupidinesque, but would be read as Lugeto Veneres Cupidinesque (audio). There are many examples of
3833:
3730:
2579:
4388:
4214:
4107:
4082:
4057:
4006:
3922:
3862:
3808:
3783:
2598:
2551:
784:
78:
4457:
2558:
2536:
585:("moon") in Portuguese. It is usual to explain elision and related connected-speech phenomena in terms of the
2693:
245:
3088:, and is especially common in poetry and songs. It is not necessarily indicated in writing, but often is in
3092:
2676:
Gender roles also influence elision in
Japanese. It is considered masculine to elide, especially the final
2620:
2616:
2440:
2430:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
1965:
798:
794:
530:
3535:
2689:
2565:
1876:
all night. I could eat any place I want, hotel or any place, and order any damn thing I could think of.
4442:
489:
3469:
while shortening the rest, depending on the preference of the person, their dialect, or their accent.
3081:
609:(or mandatory). An example of historical elision in French that began at the phrasal level and became
4023:
3569:
2905:", and the process understood as a merging of syllables, in most cases, rather than the loss of one.
2151:
2149:
2064:
elides when it is surrounded by two short vowels except when the first of the two vowels involved is
713:
vowel is frequent in poetry, where the metre sometimes requires it. For example, the opening line of
586:
558:
260:
37:
24:
4355:
4149:
3849:
Akamatsu, Tsutomu (1995). "On some neutralisations and archiphonemes in English allegro speech". In
2547:
4372:
3465:
Variations are also common where some individuals may prefer to pronounce a complete word such as "
2532:
2172:
428:
228:
200:
46:
20:
2156:) is common in the French language and, in some cases, must be indicated orthographically with an
4452:
3610:
2901:
In a study of elision in Latin poetry, J. Soubiran argues that "elision" would better be called "
2874:
2525:
2496:
1976:
completely homophonous. In non-rhotic accents spoken outside of North America, many instances of
554:
398:
310:
160:
135:
125:
53:
4142:
423:
4302:
Oldfather, William Abbott (1943). "'The Most Extreme Case of Elision in the Latin Language'?".
4181:
780:
754:
it is usual to explain the process as one of substituting zero for a phoneme, in the form of a
679:
598:
403:
210:
4404:
4237:
Sturtevant, Edgar H.; Kent, Roland G. (1915). "Elision and Hiatus in Latin Prose and Verse".
3630:
3620:
2711:
Latin poetry featured frequent elision, with syllables being dropped to fit the meter or for
1858:"Well, we ain't got any," George exploded. "Whatever we ain't got, that's what you want. God
653:
482:
2913:
Dropping sounds in connected speech by native speakers is very common in this language from
3650:
3077:
1961:
751:
393:
193:
3200:
8:
3685:
2954:
2443:
can be lost in "that" and "this" when asking a question and speaking swiftly in English.
353:
165:
73:
4447:
4377:
4311:
4281:
4254:
4175:
3895:
3850:
3660:
3146:
2500:
2336:
718:
707:
542:
458:
433:
418:
315:
235:
4384:
4210:
4103:
4078:
4053:
4002:
3918:
3899:
3858:
3855:
Studies in General and English Phonetics: Essays in Honour of Professor J.D. O'Connor
3829:
3804:
3779:
3754:
3726:
3625:
2865:
2697:
2669:
2644:
2612:
2572:
755:
453:
443:
279:
180:
4124:
3878:
Martinez-Celdran, Eugenio (2004). "Problems in the classification of approximants".
2457:, for example, while pronounced in the Conamara dialect, is pronounced in Ulster.
4246:
3887:
3645:
2958:
2950:
2143:
2035:
2021:
2007:
1993:
1979:
1885:
I got," George went on furiously. "I got you! You can't keep a job and you lose me
1820:
1790:
1760:
1731:
1698:
1666:
1638:
1598:
1560:
1535:
1514:
1483:
1456:
1413:
1374:
1335:
1298:
1265:
1222:
1184:
1149:
1107:
1058:
1013:
1005:
962:
920:
875:
839:
306:
652:
In many languages there is a process similar but not identical to elision, called
533:). Many other terms are used to refer to specific cases where sounds are omitted.
4411:
3695:
3196:
2741:
Later revived to a varying degree during the Silver Age, it then declined again.
2451:
Elision is found in the Ulster dialect of Irish, particularly in final position.
1906:
912:
98:
3103:
between the adjacent words, e.g. "por-que ̮en-ton-ces" or "por-que_en-ton-ces".
3478:
3243:
has a set of rules for elision. They are categorised into classes based on the
3240:
2055:
1902:
683:
610:
557:
when it occurs between vowels. In casual speech it is frequently weakened to a
240:
140:
93:
88:
4344:
3891:
2290:
of a noun is also elided when another noun or suffix is concatenated onto it:
4436:
4427:
3640:
3011:
2834:
2807:
448:
290:
269:
255:
215:
3089:
2891:(600 Marx; 728 Warmington) similarly has elision connecting all its words: "
2421:). The pronunciation of the full word tends to lay emphasis on it ("What is
674:
but not considered substandard. English contractions are usually vowel-less
3161:("lament") has entered Standard Spanish as a term for a special feature of
686:, such as English, the omitted letters in a contraction are replaced by an
325:
250:
205:
83:
33:
4428:
List of words said with Relaxed Pronunciation - also includes contractions
3665:
2853:
468:
463:
383:
320:
2692:, and inadequate elision is seen as overly fussy or old-fashioned. Some
4315:
4285:
3968:
3675:
3100:
3057:
2539: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2157:
714:
687:
671:
631:"today", now felt by native speakers to be one word, but deriving from
388:
349:
273:
118:
4258:
4239:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
3690:
3680:
3085:
2902:
522:
438:
358:
332:
265:
175:
109:
3496:
after a vowel even when the next word begins with a consonant, e.g.
2514:
4250:
3655:
3481:, found commonly in verb forms, such as in the following examples:
3162:
3037:
2888:
2065:
1407:
790:
637:, literally "at the day of today" and meaning "nowadays", although
526:
413:
408:
378:
130:
66:
3615:
3244:
2771:
2712:
1872:
170:
4154:
Der WWW2-Webserver — Web-Support des Computer- und Medienservice
750:. When contemporary or historic deletion is treated in terms of
4048:
Celce-Murcia, Marianne; Brinton, Donna; Goodwin, Janet (1996).
3670:
3635:
3227:
3073:
2914:
2721:
2716:
2463:
is also elided when it begins intervocalic consonant clusters.
2226:
2206:
2186:
344:
299:
3490:- 'Do you like the coffee?' (The definitite article is always
3145:
is considered even more informal, but both elisions common in
2363:. A common example of internal consonant loss in Icelandic is
1832:
1437:
1398:
1362:
1246:
1211:
1173:
1167:
1137:
3096:
2946:
2918:
2318:
2168:
2038:
1982:
1925:
The third type of elision is in common contractions, such as
1586:
1425:
1243:
1208:
1170:
1134:
1082:
1040:
977:
935:
887:
851:
518:
2425:?") while the elision of the word leads to its deemphasis ("
1996:
1862:, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job
1495:
1471:
3538:
to the point where the words are spelt with optional final
3189:
of standard Spanish. The perceived vulgarity of the silent
2802:
1763:
1734:
1610:
1604:
1578:
1569:
1431:
1422:
1392:
1383:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1316:
1286:
1240:
1231:
1205:
1193:
1158:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1088:
1076:
1046:
1034:
1028:
989:
980:
968:
950:
944:
938:
926:
893:
860:
854:
4047:
2345:(verb) structure ("I am verb-ing") becomes transformed to
2024:
1805:
1386:
1347:
3550:
and has been eradicated from the inflected prepositions:
3215:
2799:" comprises three long syllables and two short syllables.
2010:
1826:
1793:
1745:
1701:
1683:
1669:
1652:
1641:
1601:
1575:
1566:
1538:
1520:
1492:
1465:
1307:
1280:
1274:
1067:
1022:
884:
848:
3942:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 133.
2611:
Elision is extremely common in the pronunciation of the
541:
A word may be spoken individually in what is called the
2862:", has elision connecting the final six words together.
2744:
Other examples of elision in Latin literature include:
2171:
and preceding another consonant regularly elided, with
2068:(added to the stem). Otherwise, it stays. For example,
3165:
singing. Similar distinctions are made with the words
2505:
Honorific speech in Japanese § Honorific prefixes
536:
2953:
included a significant amount of elision, especially
1829:
1802:
1796:
1707:
1686:
1655:
1607:
1489:
1468:
1462:
1304:
1271:
881:
845:
2829:" comprises two short syllables and a long syllable.
2770:" comprises three long syllables, or one and a half
2381:
sound is unrelated to the elision and occurs when a
1835:
1808:
1766:
1748:
1704:
1672:
1644:
1583:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1359:
1353:
1341:
1313:
1283:
1237:
1228:
1202:
1199:
1190:
1164:
1155:
1128:
1122:
1113:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
986:
983:
974:
965:
947:
941:
932:
923:
896:
890:
863:
857:
789:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
733:
He gain'd from heav'n ('twas all he wish'd) a friend
4383:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
4272:Murley, Clyde (1943). "Life, Logic, and Language".
1968:is dropped unless it's followed by a vowel, making
1823:
1799:
1742:
1739:
1680:
1677:
1649:
1563:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1486:
1459:
1416:
1377:
1338:
1310:
1301:
1277:
1268:
1234:
1225:
1196:
1187:
1161:
1152:
1119:
1110:
1061:
1016:
971:
929:
878:
842:
4376:
2814:quem quidem ego actutum (modo vos absistite) cogam
2393:). Another special case of elision is the loss of
3880:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
698:). Written Greek marks elisions in the same way.
517:is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a
4434:
4202:
3877:
3562:- 'on me', etc. These always retain their final
2894:frigore inluvie inbalnitie inperfunditie incuria
2859:quam modo qui me unum atque unicum amicum habuit
2728:multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem
2403:("this", "that"), which is sometimes pronounced
803:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2841:Huic ego, vae! demens narrabam fluminum amores!
2434:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2330:
4236:
4150:"BRAGI: framburður: regla 19 > "Brottföll""
4102:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 301–2.
4052:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 163–4.
3487:Ydych chi'n (chi yn) hoffi'r (hoffi yr) coffi?
2755:litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
2734:multa quoquet bello passus, dum conderet urbem
4077:(2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 249–250.
3803:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 47–8.
3225:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3156:
3150:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3025:
2999:
2978:
2965:
2820:quem quidegactutum (modo vos absistite) cogam
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2059:
761:X --> ∅ (i.e. the segment x becomes zero)
666:" /sɛ/ and it would now be incorrect to say "
490:
4329:
4297:
4295:
3720:
2884:" where there is elision between every word.
2881:Sentire ea aetate eumpse esse odiosum alteri
2847:Huic ego, vae! demens narrabam fluminamores!
2784:impulerit. tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
2312:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2232:
2212:
2192:
730:Th' applause of list'ning senates to command
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
4041:
3912:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3031:
3005:
2990:
2984:
2971:
2892:
2879:
2857:
2845:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2732:
2726:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2220:
2200:
2180:
1572:
4116:
3992:
3990:
3915:An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
3748:
3437:
3421:
3405:
3388:
3371:
3355:
2790:impulerit. tantaenanimis caelestibus irae?
2731:", even though it would be pronounced as "
497:
483:
4379:An Introduction to Historical Linguistics
4301:
4292:
4203:Gildenhard, Ingo; Zissos, Andrew (2016).
4097:
3823:
2761:litora, multillet terris iactatus et alto
2700:, are known for their extensive elision.
2599:Learn how and when to remove this message
601:. Such elisions may originally have been
4072:
3946:
3848:
3817:
3744:
3742:
3076:or elision between two words to avoid a
4371:
3996:
3987:
3917:(2nd ed.). Blackwell. p. 90.
3798:
3773:
3721:Harman, William; Holman, C. H. (1999).
2369:("here you go", "please"), pronounced
746:is used in some modern work instead of
4435:
4271:
4173:
3767:
3725:(8th ed.). Pearson. p. 512.
2148:Elision of unstressed vowels (usually
758:. The form of such rules is typically
592:
16:Omission of sounds in words or phrases
4365:
4180:(9th ed.). Rivingtons. pp.
4122:
3952:
3937:
3739:
3714:
3594:- 'birds / a bird' where the initial
2668:
2643:
724:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
4021:
3957:(9th ed.). Heffer. p. 230.
3801:An Introduction to English Phonology
2537:adding citations to reliable sources
2508:
793:. For the distinction between ,
701:
4337:
3913:Clark, John; Yallop, Colin (1995).
3582:- 'sock / socks' where the initial
3072:In addition, speakers often employ
2497:Japanese phonology § Devoicing
2357:("really?") which is pronounced as
726:by Thomas Gray, published in 1751:
537:Citation forms and contextual forms
13:
3600:has been lost in the singulative.
3459:("Are you studying?") instead of "
3453:In sentences, they may appear as:
2645:[matsɯɕi̥tasaɰ̃waimasɯ̥ka]
14:
4469:
4398:
4351:Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
4174:Arnold, Thomas Kerchever (1866).
3751:Gimson's Pronunciation of English
3776:Sound Patterns of Spoken English
3603:
2513:
2311:In both of the above cases, the
2034:
2020:
2006:
1992:
1978:
1819:
1789:
1759:
1730:
1697:
1665:
1637:
1597:
1559:
1534:
1513:
1482:
1455:
1412:
1373:
1334:
1297:
1264:
1221:
1183:
1148:
1106:
1057:
1012:
961:
919:
874:
838:
815:Examples of elision in English:
4331:L'Élision dans la poésie latine
4322:
4265:
4230:
4196:
4167:
4091:
4066:
4015:
3961:
3955:An Outline of English Phonetics
3502:- 'the cat is scratching', but
2524:needs additional citations for
1897:over the country all the time."
785:International Phonetic Alphabet
768:rhyme /r/ --> ∅/ _____
647:
79:Consonant voicing and devoicing
3931:
3906:
3871:
3842:
3792:
3646:Elision in the French language
3477:Elision is a major feature of
3115:in the past participle suffix
2838:Book III, Poem VI, Line 101: "
1:
4354:, 1st edition, October 2005,
4073:Kreidler, Charles W. (2004).
3778:. Blackwell. pp. 14–29.
3707:
3588:has been lost in the plural;
2004:in North American English as
4075:The Pronunciation of English
3940:The Pronunciation of English
3376:Remain/(Present Participle)
2908:
2615:. In general, a high vowel (
2429:is this?"). The loss of the
2324:
577:("change, molt") in French,
7:
4001:. Longman. pp. 145–7.
3857:. Routledge. pp. 3–9.
3824:Cauldwell, Richard (2013).
3106:A frequent informal use is
2629:Matsushita-san wa imasu ka?
2490:
771:
737:
10:
4474:
3999:Patterns of Spoken English
3753:. Routledge. p. 314.
3534:is almost always found in
3521:(Ry)dw i'n (i yn) darllen.
2940:
2680:of the polite verb forms (
2670:[ɕi̥tsɯɾeːɕimasɯ̥]
2494:
2141:
2049:
810:
705:
605:but have over time become
18:
4098:Giegerich, Heinz (1992).
3892:10.1017/S0025100304001732
3749:Cruttenden, Alan (2014).
2957:(loss of medial vowels).
2631:("Is Mr. Matsushita in?")
2240:
2137:
587:principle of least effort
559:voiced dental approximant
25:Deletion (disambiguation)
4209:. Open Book Publishers.
4125:"Of Mice and Men Quotes"
3723:A Handbook to Literature
3472:
3235:
2706:
2446:
2173:compensatory lengthening
1914:Other examples, such as
429:Compensatory lengthening
201:Compensatory lengthening
21:Elision (disambiguation)
3997:Knowles, Gerry (1987).
3826:Phonology for Listening
3799:McMahon, April (2002).
3774:Shockey, Linda (2003).
3516:- 'Where is the town?'
3513:Ble mae'r (mae yr) dre?
3461:Kya tum paṛh rahay ho?"
3323:
3149:. Thus, the Andalusian
3048:to ∅, dissimilation of
2875:Cato Maior de Senectute
2636:matsush'tasanwa imas'ka
2227:
2207:
2187:
781:phonetic transcriptions
555:voiced dental fricative
54:Quantitative metathesis
4423:Putting Words Together
4356:Real Academia Española
4330:
4050:Teaching Pronunciation
3953:Jones, Daniel (1967).
3938:Jones, Daniel (1963).
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3530:
3528:Elision of word-final
3520:
3512:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3304:the special character
3247:where elision occurs:
3226:
3220:
3210:
3204:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3032:
3026:
3006:
3000:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2893:
2880:
2858:
2846:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2733:
2727:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2435:
2417:
2415:(what is this?) ->
2411:
2405:
2399:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2233:
2221:
2213:
2201:
2193:
2181:
2134:on a consonant stem).
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2060:
1912:
778:This article contains
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
599:diachronic linguistics
4458:Prosody (linguistics)
4328:Soubiran, J. (1966).
4304:The Classical Journal
4274:The Classical Journal
4131:. Covici, Friede, Inc
3621:Clipping (morphology)
3095:. It can appear as a
2811:Book III, Line 557: "
2104:(not a short vowel),
2054:The consonant in the
1856:
706:Further information:
4414:(contains pop-up ad)
4177:The First Verse Book
3499:Mae'r gath yn sgramo
2961:has these examples:
2872:(quoted in Cicero's
2694:nonstandard dialects
2533:improve this article
2032:are used instead of
1964:accents of English,
752:Generative phonology
194:Transphonologization
19:For other uses, see
4334:(Paris), pp. 55–91.
3851:Windsor Lewis, Jack
3547:gorsa(f), pentre(f)
2878:25) has the line: "
824:IPA before elision
593:Historical elisions
509:In linguistics, an
74:Consonant gradation
4410:2016-10-02 at the
4366:General references
3828:. SpeechinAction.
3661:Poetic contraction
3508:- 'the black cat'.
3457:Kya tum paṛ ray o?
3147:Andalusian Spanish
2787:" is pronounced "
2781:Book I, Line 11: "
2758:" is pronounced "
2501:Japanese particles
2439:is similar to how
2397:from the start of
2116:(consonant stem),
827:IPA after elision
719:poetic contraction
708:Poetic contraction
459:Consonant mutation
434:Monophthongization
316:Consonant mutation
4443:Figures of speech
4123:Steinbeck, John.
4100:English Phonology
3975:. 7 February 2014
3760:978-1-4441-8309-2
3626:Cluster reduction
3570:literary register
3446:
3445:
3321:
3320:
3281:Aiykaarakkurukkam
3133:. The elision of
2951:Romance languages
2866:Caecilius Statius
2844:" is pronounced "
2817:" is pronounced "
2752:Book I, Line 3: "
2661:sh'tsureishimas'
2654:Shitsurei shimasu
2613:Japanese language
2609:
2608:
2601:
2583:
1851:
1850:
756:phonological rule
702:Elision in poetry
507:
506:
454:Shm-reduplication
444:Rhinoglottophilia
280:Consonant harmony
181:Cluster reduction
4465:
4394:
4382:
4359:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3973:Literary Devices
3965:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3718:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3533:
3524:- 'I am reading'
3523:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3439:
3423:
3407:
3391:
3390:
3373:
3357:
3341:Original (Urdu)
3332:
3331:
3291:Oukaarakkurukkam
3250:
3249:
3231:
3223:
3213:
3207:
3197:hypercorrections
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3035:
3029:
3009:
3003:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2896:
2883:
2861:
2849:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2736:
2730:
2672:
2667:
2647:
2642:
2622:
2618:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2541:
2517:
2509:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2334:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2236:
2231:→ Modern French
2230:
2224:
2216:
2211:→ Modern French
2210:
2204:
2196:
2191:→ Modern French
2190:
2184:
2155:
2144:Elision (French)
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2063:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1967:
1910:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1006:American English
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
903:
902:
899:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
818:
817:
800:
796:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
532:
499:
492:
485:
30:
29:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4433:
4432:
4412:Wayback Machine
4405:French examples
4401:
4391:
4368:
4363:
4362:
4345:Ultracorrección
4342:
4338:
4327:
4323:
4300:
4293:
4270:
4266:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4129:Of Mice and Men
4121:
4117:
4110:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3995:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3951:
3947:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3911:
3907:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3701:Weak form words
3696:Vowel reduction
3606:
3475:
3387:
3326:
3312:Makarakkurukkam
3301:Aaythakkurukkam
3238:
2943:
2921:. For example,
2911:
2725:is written as "
2709:
2665:
2640:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2542:
2540:
2530:
2518:
2507:
2493:
2449:
2335:) is common in
2327:
2305:Strafgesetzbuch
2243:
2146:
2140:
2052:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1911:
1907:Of Mice and Men
1901:
1822:
1818:
1792:
1788:
1762:
1758:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1700:
1696:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1600:
1596:
1582:
1562:
1558:
1537:
1533:
1516:
1512:
1485:
1481:
1458:
1454:
1415:
1411:
1376:
1372:
1337:
1333:
1300:
1296:
1267:
1263:
1224:
1220:
1186:
1182:
1151:
1147:
1109:
1105:
1060:
1056:
1015:
1011:
964:
960:
922:
918:
913:British English
877:
873:
841:
837:
813:
808:
807:
806:
774:
769:
762:
740:
710:
704:
676:weak form words
650:
613:is preposition
595:
569:as in Spanish,
539:
503:
474:
473:
374:
366:
365:
364:
363:
335:
302:
285:
284:
261:Final devoicing
231:
221:
220:
196:
186:
185:
156:
146:
145:
121:
104:
103:
99:Debuccalization
69:
59:
58:
49:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4471:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4453:Poetic devices
4450:
4445:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4400:
4399:External links
4397:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4373:Crowley, Terry
4367:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4336:
4321:
4310:(8): 478–479.
4291:
4264:
4251:10.2307/282939
4229:
4215:
4195:
4166:
4156:(in Icelandic)
4141:
4115:
4108:
4090:
4083:
4065:
4058:
4040:
4014:
4007:
3986:
3960:
3945:
3930:
3923:
3905:
3886:(2): 201–210.
3870:
3863:
3841:
3835:978-0954344726
3834:
3816:
3809:
3791:
3784:
3766:
3759:
3738:
3732:978-0130127310
3731:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3544:in words like
3526:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3474:
3471:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3271:Kutriyalikaram
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:Kutriyalukaram
3258:
3257:
3254:
3237:
3234:
3121:, pronouncing
3108:the elision of
3070:
3069:
3023:
2997:
2976:
2945:The change of
2942:
2939:
2910:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2885:
2863:
2851:
2830:
2800:
2775:
2708:
2705:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2632:
2607:
2606:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2492:
2489:
2481:is pronounced
2469:is pronounced
2448:
2445:
2326:
2323:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2197:
2175:of the vowel.
2142:Main article:
2139:
2136:
2056:partitive case
2051:
2048:
1990:correspond to
1903:John Steinbeck
1899:
1849:
1848:
1816:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1756:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1694:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1594:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1479:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1370:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1294:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1145:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1054:
1009:
998:
997:
958:
916:
905:
904:
871:
835:
829:
828:
825:
822:
812:
809:
801:⟩, see
777:
776:
775:
773:
770:
767:
760:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
703:
700:
684:Latin alphabet
662:" has become "
649:
646:
634:au jour de hui
594:
591:
538:
535:
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
347:
342:
336:
331:
330:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
263:
258:
253:
248:
246:Palatalization
243:
241:Coarticulation
238:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
197:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
141:Vowel breaking
138:
133:
128:
122:
117:
116:
113:
112:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
94:L-vocalization
91:
89:Spirantization
86:
81:
76:
70:
65:
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
50:
45:
44:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4470:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Greek Grammar
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4390:0-19-558378-7
4386:
4381:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4340:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4296:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4218:
4216:9781783740857
4212:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4109:0-521-33603-1
4105:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4084:1-4051-1336-7
4080:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4059:0-521-40694-3
4055:
4051:
4044:
4029:
4028:PantheonPoets
4025:
4018:
4010:
4008:0-582-29132-1
4004:
4000:
3993:
3991:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3924:0-631-19452-5
3920:
3916:
3909:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3864:0-415-08068-1
3860:
3856:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3810:0-7486-1251-3
3806:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3785:0-631-23080-7
3781:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3743:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3713:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Disemvoweling
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:Related areas
3601:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3579:hosan / sanau
3573:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3442:Gratuitously
3441:
3436:
3434:Khawa Makhwa
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:Alright/Okay
3393:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:dissimilation
3008:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2826:quidegactutum
2821:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:Metamorphoses
2804:
2801:
2797:
2796:tantaenanimis
2791:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2656:("Excuse me")
2655:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2592:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550: –
2549:
2545:
2544:Find sources:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2522:This section
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2412:hvað er þetta
2407:
2401:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:gerðu svo vel
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2322:
2320:
2317:represents a
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2225:→ Old French
2223:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2205:→ Old French
2203:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2185:→ Old French
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2145:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2029:
2015:
2001:
1987:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1817:
1813:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1757:
1753:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1695:
1691:
1660:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1595:
1591:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1480:
1476:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1409:
1403:
1371:
1367:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1295:
1291:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1216:
1178:
1146:
1142:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1055:
1051:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:
994:
959:
955:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
901:
872:
868:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
819:
816:
804:
792:
788:
786:
782:
766:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
732:
729:
728:
727:
725:
720:
716:
709:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
645:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:citation form
534:
528:
525:, or a whole
524:
520:
516:
512:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
481:
480:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:Sulcalization
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
370:
369:
360:
357:
355:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
334:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
308:
305:
304:
301:
296:
295:
292:
291:Dissimilation
289:
288:
281:
278:
275:
271:
270:vowel harmony
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Labialization
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
225:
224:
217:
216:Floating tone
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
195:
190:
189:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
155:
150:
149:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
120:
115:
114:
111:
108:
107:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
68:
63:
62:
55:
52:
51:
48:
43:
42:
39:
35:
32:
31:
26:
22:
4378:
4349:
4343:
4339:
4324:
4307:
4303:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4205:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4176:
4169:
4158:. Retrieved
4153:
4144:
4133:. Retrieved
4128:
4118:
4099:
4093:
4074:
4068:
4049:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4027:
4024:"Catullus 3"
4017:
3998:
3977:. Retrieved
3972:
3963:
3954:
3948:
3939:
3933:
3914:
3908:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3854:
3844:
3825:
3819:
3800:
3794:
3775:
3769:
3750:
3722:
3716:
3591:adar / deryn
3574:
3536:spoken Welsh
3527:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3344:Translation
3327:
3315:
3305:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3239:
3195:may lead to
3105:
3099:below or an
3071:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3019:
3015:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2900:
2887:A line from
2873:
2869:
2833:
2806:
2778:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2720:
2710:
2702:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2659:Pronounced:
2653:
2635:
2634:Pronounced:
2628:
2610:
2595:
2589:January 2024
2586:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2543:
2531:Please help
2526:verification
2523:
2450:
2426:
2422:
2375:(the hidden
2354:er það ekki?
2328:
2310:
2283:
2263:, etc., and
2244:
2167:following a
2164:
2162:
2147:
2053:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1783:
1775:
1724:
1716:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1553:
1507:
1449:
1328:
1258:
1219:, sometimes
1100:
1001:
908:
832:
814:
797:and ⟨
779:
763:
747:
743:
741:
711:
695:
691:
667:
663:
659:
654:
651:
648:Contractions
606:
602:
596:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
550:
546:
540:
514:
510:
508:
339:
326:Vowel hiatus
251:Velarization
229:Assimilation
206:Nasalization
153:
84:Assibilation
34:Sound change
4245:: 129–155.
3979:13 February
3666:Prodelision
3631:Contraction
3572:, however.
3030:from Latin
3004:from Latin
2983:from Latin
2970:from Latin
2917:, southern
2854:Catullus 73
2698:Satsuma-ben
2627:松下さんはいますか？
2128:(paragogic
1895:shovin' all
1101:temperature
655:contraction
628:aujourd'hui
611:lexicalized
469:Chain shift
464:Vowel shift
384:Affrication
373:Other types
321:Tone sandhi
211:Tonogenesis
38:alternation
4437:Categories
4280:(5): 287.
4160:2017-05-13
4135:2012-09-09
4033:9 February
4022:Catullus.
3708:References
3676:Synaeresis
3611:Aphaeresis
3505:y gath ddu
3438:خواہ مخواہ
3384:Theek Hai
3253:Class name
3174:cantaor(a)
3168:bailaor(a)
3101:underscore
3058:epenthesis
2903:synaloepha
2823:", where "
2793:", where "
2764:", where "
2696:, such as
2559:newspapers
2495:See also:
2391:/ɛ,i,ɪ,ai/
2299:Gesetzbuch
2284:The final
2158:apostrophe
1962:non-rhotic
1909:1937, 1.89
1883:An' whatta
1002:laboratory
909:laboratory
715:Catullus 3
688:apostrophe
672:colloquial
607:obligatory
531:/fɜrslaɪt/
389:Gemination
350:Synaeresis
119:Epenthesis
47:Metathesis
4448:Phonology
3969:"Elision"
3900:144568679
3691:Synizesis
3681:Synalepha
3431:Khamakha
3338:Original
3086:synalepha
3056:and then
2989:(through
2949:into the
2909:Malayalam
2856:line 6, "
2777:Virgil's
2767:multillet
2748:Virgil's
2548:"Elision"
2418:hvaretta?
2389:precedes
2372:gjersovel
2337:Icelandic
2332:brottfall
2329:Elision (
2325:Icelandic
2278:himmlisch
2182:hospitāle
1891:Jus' keep
1887:ever' job
1329:vegetable
742:The term
523:consonant
439:Rhotacism
359:Synizesis
354:diaeresis
333:Synalepha
311:linking R
266:Metaphony
176:Haplology
161:Apheresis
136:Unpacking
126:Prothesis
110:Fortition
4408:Archived
4375:(1997).
3656:Lenition
3381:Theekay
3335:Elision
3256:Phoneme
3205:bacalado
3186:cantante
3180:bailarín
3163:Flamenco
3038:lenition
2933:becomes
2925:becomes
2889:Lucilius
2772:spondees
2690:prestige
2491:Japanese
2342:ég er að
2302:becomes
2275:becomes
2251:becomes
2188:(h)ostel
2119:jousi+ta
2083:ranta+ta
2071:katto+ta
2066:paragoge
1920:going to
1900:—
1873:cathouse
1864:an' work
1860:a'mighty
1554:going to
1408:devoiced
795:/ /
791:Help:IPA
772:Examples
744:deletion
738:Deletion
603:optional
549:, as in
527:syllable
515:deletion
414:Iotacism
409:Betacism
399:Fronting
394:Clipping
379:Apophony
131:Paragoge
67:Lenition
4348:in the
4316:3292378
4286:3291593
3853:(ed.).
3686:Syncope
3616:Apocope
3568:in the
3559:arnaf i
3556:, not *
3389:ٹھیک ہے
3245:phoneme
3221:Bilbado
3211:bacalao
3158:quejido
3124:cansado
2959:Spanish
2955:syncope
2941:Spanish
2870:Ephesio
2832:Ovid's
2713:euphony
2573:scholar
2478:muintir
2454:Iontach
2360:erþakki
2107:mies+ta
2058:ending
2050:Finnish
1974:cheater
1970:cheetah
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