Catholic Church and politics in the United States

1339:"by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring." The church teaches that "homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered. They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved." Nevertheless, homosexuals "must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity. Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided." Some Roman Catholics take this to mean that voting in favor of "benefits for lifelong partners" is a compassionate act, whereas others see voting in favor of "benefits for lifelong partners" as merely promoting behavior contrary to natural law. According to a 2009 survey, 59% of practicing Catholics oppose same-sex marriage, while those who are not practicing support it by 51%. Cardinal 435: 1784:

shift is evidenced by the fact that Nixon received 33% of the Catholic vote in the 1968 election compared to 52% in 1972. As a group, Catholics represented a quarter of the nation's electorate and were now one of the nation's largest swing groups. Both parties began to aggressively woo the Catholic voters. Although the Catholic hierarchy could not dictate who Catholics voted for, they did have a substantial influence over the faithful in their dioceses. Politicians were aware that the bishops could direct significant time, energy and money to support the issues that were important to them. From their perspective, the bishops were eager to regain some of the influence that their predecessors had wielded in the earlier part of the 20th century. Since the 1970s non-Hispanic white Catholics have voted majority Republican very reliably while a majority of Hispanic or Latino Catholics have voted Democrat.

4775:"Catholicism has experienced the greatest net losses as a result of affiliation changes. While nearly one-in-three Americans (31%) were raised in the Catholic faith, today fewer than one-in-four (24%) describe themselves as Catholic. These losses would have been even more pronounced were it not for the offsetting effect of immigration. The Landscape Survey finds that among the foreign-born adult population, Catholics outnumber Protestants by nearly a two-to-one margin (46% Catholic vs. 24% Protestant); among native-born Americans, on the other hand, Protestants outnumber Catholics by an even larger margin (55% Protestant vs. 21% Catholic)." (p. 6). 2030: 1209: 7895: 332: 6336: 6203: 27: 414:

new arrivals lived in ethnic communities, they typically joined the local Catholic church that was in communion with Rome through the local diocese; how many of them cut their ties with the Catholic Church is a matter of speculation. The Irish Catholics took controlling positions in the Catholic Church, labor unions, and Democratic organizations in the big cities, thus forming overlapping centers of strength. The sudden new arrival of so many Catholics, charges of political corruption, and fears of papal interference caused

3428: 1594: 1113: 3414: 179:" and the developed world's indifference to the destruction of the planet as it pursues short-term economic gains. However, the Pope's statements on climate change were generally met with indifference among Catholics while Catholic commentaries ranged from praise to dismissal, with some stating that it was not binding or magisterial due to its scientific nature. The Pope's statements on these issues were most prominently laid out in encyclical 7907: 3400: 3151: 1534:. This provoked a negative reaction, and the Catholic Church took a different approach for the 2008 election. The new message was compiled into a brochure titled "Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship," which "emphasized that issues involving 'intrinsically evil' actions could not be equated morally with others," according to the Times. The brochure cites abortion as the "prime example," and it also mentions 1435:

orientation. Conservative Catholics have taken the contrary view, rejecting claims that these are examples of "unjust discrimination" and that because homosexual act is an intrinsic evil, it must always be opposed. Recent research by Bouke Klein Teeselink and Georgios Melios has shown that Catholics who leave the Church tend to adopt more progressive views on issues like same-sex marriage and gay rights.

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sins, such as drinking. Liturgical churches comprised over a quarter of the vote and they wanted the government to stay out of personal morality issues. Prohibition debates and referendums heated up elections in most states over a period of decades, as national prohibition was finally passed in 1918 (and it was repealed in 1932), serving as a major issue between the wet Democrats and the dry GOP.

1995:. Smith was personally in favor of relaxation or repeal of Prohibition laws despite its status as part of the nation's Constitution, but the Democratic Party split north and south on the issue. During the campaign Smith tried to duck the issue with noncommittal statements. He was also criticized for being a drunkard because of the stereotypes placed on Irish Catholics of the day. 1973: 1581:

cases, with 41% saying it should be illegal in all or most cases. Among Hispanic Catholics, 43% say it should be legal in all or most cases, while 52% say it should be illegal in all or most cases. Research has found that Catholics who disaffiliate from the Church tend to shift towards more progressive stances on social issues, including increased support for abortion rights.

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no longer describe themselves as Catholic. This means that roughly 10% of all Americans are former Catholics. These losses, however, have been partly offset by the number of people who have changed their affiliation to Catholicism (2.6% of the adult population) but more importantly by the disproportionately high number of Catholics among immigrants to the U.S." (p. 7).

1519:(who would later become Pope Benedict XVI), instructed American bishops in a confidential memorandum that communion must be denied to Catholic politicians who support legal abortion. However, Cardinals O'Malley, Egan, McCarrick, Wuerl, Mahony and George have said they would not deny communion to a person in public life who supports abortion rights. 2087:, Kennedy's victory was larger, as he took 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219 (269 were needed to win). There was a "narrow consensus" among the experts that Kennedy had won more votes than he lost as a result of his Catholicism, as Catholics rallied to Kennedy as an affirmation of their religion and their right to have a Catholic president. 1819:'s vice-presidential running mate that year Reagan won 54 to 61% of the Catholic vote, only slightly different from the overall 59%. Although the majority of Catholics in 1984 remained Democrats, compared to 1980 Catholic votes switched to Reagan at about the same level as most Protestant groups. Reagan's vice president 870:

unionists to form separate labor federations, the religious neutrality of unions in the U.S. provided no such impetus. American Catholics seldom dominated unions, but they exerted influence across organized labor. Catholic union members and leaders played important roles in steering American unions away from socialism.

1858:, when for the first time in history Democrats did not receive a majority of Catholic votes in elections for the House of Representatives; as with 1992, the Catholic vote split resembled that of the overall electorate. White non-Hispanic Catholics however, remained majority Republican. This trend reversed slightly in 887:, appointed in 1836. From the 1930s to the 1950s Catholics formed a core part of the New Deal Coalition, with overlapping memberships in the church, labor unions, big city machines, and the working class, all of which promoted liberal policy positions in domestic affairs and anti-communism during the Cold War. This 426:

made the church the largest denomination in the U.S. Distrusting public schools which were dominated by Protestants, Catholics built their own network of parochial elementary schools (and, later, they built high schools), as well as colleges, and public funding of parochial schools was a controversial issue. As the

958:, endorsed by the Klan, the Compulsory Education Act was passed by a vote of 115,506 to 103,685. Its primary purpose was to shut down Catholic schools in Oregon, but it also affected other private and military schools. The constitutionality of the law was challenged in court and ultimately struck down by the 1577:, a Catholic institution, named President Barack Obama commencement speaker at its 2009 graduation and bestowed an honorary doctorate degree on him. The invitation drew criticism from Catholics and some members of the church hierarchy because of Obama's policies in favor of promoting and funding abortion. 5416:

Springer said she doesn't know whether Gorsuch considers himself a Catholic or an Episcopalian. "I have no evidence that Judge Gorsuch considers himself an Episcopalian, and likewise no evidence that he does not." Gorsuch's younger brother, J.J., said he too has "no idea how he would fill out a form.

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the Catholic share of the U.S. adult population has held fairly steady in recent decades, at around 25%. What this apparent stability obscures, however, is the large number of people who have left the Catholic Church. Approximately one-third of the survey respondents who say they were raised Catholic

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Since the 1960s, the Catholic vote has come to reflect the nation as a whole instead of being predominantly Democratic. In the 60s and early 70s, a number of Catholics and Southern whites abandoned their traditional affiliation with the Democratic Party and began to support the Republican Party. This

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campaigned against a Massachusetts referendum to loosen the state's ban on birth control. While the referendum failed, "deployment of the Church's political muscle," according to historian Leslie Tentler, offended non-Catholics and led Cushing to relax his position when the issue was debated again in

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In accordance with its teachings, the Catholic Church opposes abortion in all circumstances and often leads the national debate on abortion. The Roman Catholic Church has been a fierce opponent of liberalized abortion laws and has organized political resistance to such legislation in several Western

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According to Dr. John Green of University of Akron, "There isn't a Catholic vote anymore; there are several Catholic votes." A survey conducted by the Gallup organization in 2009 revealed that, despite the opposition of the church to abortion and embryonic stem-cell research, there is no significant

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The fundamental theory of liberty upon which all governments in this Union repose excludes any general power of the State to standardize its children by forcing them to accept instruction from public teachers only. The child is not the mere creature of the State; those who nurture him and direct his

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criticized the concentration of wealth and power, spoke out against the abuses that workers faced and demanded that workers should be granted certain rights and safety regulations. He upheld the right of voluntary association, specifically commending labor unions. At the same time, he reiterated the

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Many Catholics served in the Civil War armies, they served in both the North and the South, and the bishops rejected the antiwar and anti-draft sentiments of some Catholics. The rapid rise of the Irish out of poverty, and the continuing growth in membership, especially in industrial and urban areas,

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Since the election of the nation's first Catholic president in 1960, Catholics have split about 50–50 between the two major parties in national elections. Beginning with the decline of unions and big city machines, increased suburbanization and with upward mobility into the middle classes, Catholics

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Studies indicate that Catholics who disaffiliate from the Church due to clergy abuse scandals tend to experience a leftward shift in their political orientation. This shift is reflected not only in their personal political beliefs but also in their voting behavior, with former Catholics more likely

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to have the Senate consider a comprehensive immigration reform bill, rather than the enforcement-only bill that passed the House of Representatives. Cardinal Mahony also blamed the Congress for the illegal immigration crisis due to their failure to act on the issue in the previous 20 years, opposed

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in a comprehensive way, so that justice is done and our borders are protected. It's always both/and; it's not either/or from my perspective." "o one can claim to be Catholic and think it's okay to treat immigrants unjustly or inhumanly. But you can disagree on immigration policies because you think

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Broadcasting, which believed they should be exempt from the law, sued the government, while Catholic religious leaders campaigned against it in church. The regulation was later altered so that an employee of a religious institution which did not wish to provide coverage for reproductive health care

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which lasted from 1845 to 1852 caused the Irish population in America to number 962,000, the number doubled in the next ten years. Even larger numbers of immigrants came from traditionally Catholic regions of Germany and traditionally Catholic regions of other parts of Europe. Because most of these

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from 1840 to 1914, and also from Latin America in the 20th and 21st centuries. Catholics now comprise 25% to 27% of the national vote, with over 68 million members today. 85% of today's Catholics report their faith to be "somewhat" to "very important" to them. From the mid-19th century down to 1964

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famously told the Greater Houston Ministerial Association on September 12, 1960, "I am not the Catholic candidate for President. I am the Democratic Party's candidate for President who also happens to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my Church on public matters — and the Church does not speak for

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While the pope and the bishops have opposed birth control, the majority of American Catholics disagree with them, and believe the church should change its teaching on birth control. A Pew Research poll conducted in 2013 found that three-quarters of U.S. Catholics (76%) say the church should permit

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In some regions such as the "Mountain West" region, it is estimated that since the 1980s 42% of white Catholics vote Republican whereas only 20% vote Democratic. White Catholics who are registered Democrats are also shown to defect to the Republican party in massive numbers during election years.

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The Catholic Church exercised a prominent role in shaping America's labor movement. From the onset of significant immigration in the 1840s, the church in the United States was predominantly urban, with both its leaders and congregants usually of the laboring classes. Over the course of the second

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Cultural issues, especially prohibition and foreign language schools, became important because of the sharp religious divisions in the electorate. In the North, about 50% of the voters were pietistic Protestants who believed that the government should be used to reduce the pervasiveness of social

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Even so, it was widely believed after the election that Kennedy lost some heavily Protestant states because of his Catholicism. His address did not please everyone: many non-Catholics remained unconvinced that a Catholic could be president without divided loyalties; and many Catholics thought he

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wrote the Bishops' Program of Social Reconstruction. Combining Progressive thought and Catholic theology, Ryan believed that government intervention was the most effective means of affecting positive change for his church as well as working people and the poor. On February 12, 1919, the National

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provided new impetus for Catholics to become active in the labor movement, even if its exhortation to form specifically Catholic labor unions was widely interpreted as irrelevant to the pluralist context of the United States. While atheism underpinned many European unions and stimulated Catholic

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episode in 1890 in Wisconsin demonstrated, Catholics were willing to cooperate politically with German Lutherans to protect their parochial schools. A distinct Catholic vote existed, however; in the late 19th century, 75% of Irish and German Catholics in America voted for Democratic presidential

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Polling results show that a majority of Catholics classify themselves as anti-abortion; a 2009 poll showed a 52% majority identifying as anti-abortion. Pew Research, combining polls from 2011 and 2013, notes that over half (53%) of white Catholics believe abortion should be legal in all or most

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The Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems (1923–1937) was conceived by Raymond McGowan as a way of bringing together Catholic leaders in the fields of theology, labor, and business, with a view to promoting awareness and discussion of Catholic social teaching. Its first meeting was held in

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which serves to address discrimination towards members of the LGBTQ+ community. They argued the Equality Act would threaten the religious freedom of Catholics, allow men into women's spaces, and jeopardize existing prohibitions to the federal funding of abortion.They claim that the legislation

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including Bishop William Turner of Buffalo and William Henry O'Connell of Boston, opposed it. O'Connell believed some aspects of the plan smacked too much of socialism. Response outside the church was also divided: labor organizations backed it, for example, and business groups criticized it.

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Before the 1960s, when cultural changes lead to an incremental liberalization of the Democratic Party, Catholics were seen as staunch Democrats. The Democratic Party ran Al Smith, the first Catholic presidential candidate by a major party, in 1928, and, except when the ticket was headed by a

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The program received a mixed reception both within the church and outside it. The National Catholic War Council was a voluntary organization with no canonical status. Its ability to speak authoritatively was therefore questioned. Many bishops threw their support behind the Program, but some,

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have supported gay rights and civil unions but not same-sex marriage. Liberal Catholics have generally supported repeal of sodomy laws that called for jail time for homosexuals and Employment Non-Discrimination laws that would prohibit large employers from firing workers because of sexual

3081:, is a practicing Episcopalian who had attended Catholic Mass and Catholic schools as a child. He joined the Episcopal Church upon marriage to his wife. It is unclear whether he still identifies as Catholic, and he is not typically included among the Catholic justices. In 2020, Justice 1186:

and the Archdiocesan Labor Institute in 1939. American Catholics of that era were generally New Deal liberals who actively supported the CIO, viewed government as a positive force for social reform and often participated in non-communist trade unions, becoming a prominent group of the

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groups, especially the Catholics, Episcopalians, and German Lutherans, looked to the Democratic Party for protection from pietistic moralism, especially prohibition. While both parties cut across economic class structures, the Democrats were supported more heavily by its lower tiers.

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me." He promised to respect the separation of church and state and not to allow Catholic officials to dictate public policy to him. Kennedy also raised the question of whether one-quarter of Americans were relegated to second-class citizenship just because they were Roman Catholic.

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and quickly attracted as many as 14,000 members, establishing 58 klaverns by the end of 1922. Given the small population of non-white minorities outside Portland, the Oregon Klan directed its attention almost exclusively against Catholics, who numbered about 8% of the population.

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has been involved in rallies to allow undocumented workers a chance at citizenship. By welcoming migrant workers, many of whom are Catholic, Burke says, "we obey the command of Our Lord, who tells us that when we welcome the stranger, we welcome Christ Himself."

1854:'s Catholic support was eight percentage points higher than overall) the Catholic vote was not more Democratic than the overall electorate, but split almost identically to it. The trend away from a Democratic dominance of the Catholic vote continued in 1949:

This was particularly true during both of Ronald Reagan's presidential elections, as well as the Nixon-McGovern race. White Catholics who are registered as Republicans are substantially less likely to defect to the Democrats during election years.

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By 1900, Catholics represented 14 percent of the total U.S. population, soon became the single largest religious denomination in the country. Still, Catholics did not hold many high offices in government. Only one of the first 54 justices on the

968:(1925) before it went into effect, in a ruling that has been called "the Magna Carta of the parochial school system." The law caused outraged Catholics to organize locally and nationally for the right to send their children to Catholic schools. 5068: 3046:

in 1991. At the time of his appointment, Thomas was a confirmed Catholic attending Episcopalian services, but he has since returned to active Catholicism. He replaced the retiring Catholic Brennan with David Souter, an Episcopalian.

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that lasted from the 1850s to the 1890s. In the South, the Catholics voted the same as Protestants, with race as the main dividing line. Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Scandinavian Lutherans and other Protestant

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Smith swept the entire Catholic vote, which had been split in 1920 and 1924, and brought millions of Catholics to the polls for the first time, especially women. The fact that Smith was Catholic garnered him support from

911:, many hoped that a new commitment to social reform would characterize the ensuing peace. The council saw an opportunity to use its national voice to shape reform and in April 1918 created a Committee for Reconstruction. 1200:

Milwaukee. While it was the venue for important discussions during its existence, its demise was due partly by lack of participation by business executives who perceived the dominant tone of the group as anti-business.

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After World War I, some states concerned about the influence of immigrants and "foreign" values looked to public schools for help. The states drafted laws designed to use schools to promote a common American culture.

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was the earliest labor organization in the United States, and in the 1880s, this was the largest labor union in the United States. It is estimated that at least half its membership was Catholic (including

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For a two-month period following the retirement of Anthony Kennedy on July 31, 2018, there were four Catholic justices on an eight-member court. However, the court did not hear any cases during that time.

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of Massachusetts was vying to become the nation's first Catholic president. A key factor that was hurting Kennedy in his campaign was the widespread prejudice against his Roman Catholic religion; some

1479:(NRLC). The NRLC also organized non-Catholics, eventually becoming the largest anti-abortion organization in the United States. The anti-abortion wing of the Democratic Party was also led by Catholic 3365:(Energy). Haaland is the first Native American in a presidential cabinet and also the first Native Catholic within it. Granholm converted to Catholicism while at Harvard Law School in the mid-1980s. 4052: 2095:

This chart shows the estimated Democrat/Republican split of the Catholic vote in elections since 1948. Catholic candidates and elections in which Catholics voted for the national winner are in

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in the United States consisted of elite lawyers, politicians, and doctors, almost all of whom were Catholic. The only coordinated opposition to abortion during the early 1970s came from the

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church's defense of private property, condemned socialism, and emphasized the need for Catholics to form and join unions that were not compromised by secular and revolutionary ideologies.

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to a different vacant seat, and his appointment was seen as in keeping with the tradition, as Minton's wife was Catholic. He would convert five years after his retirement from the court.

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Trump's father was a member of the Communist party in Slovenia, which meant the family were officially atheists. Donald Trump is Presbyterian; the couple married in an Episcopal church.

5484: 197:, who "have questioned or denied the established science of human-caused climate change, and have harshly criticized policies designed to tax or regulate the burning of fossil fuels." 1632:

The Catholic church hierarchy forbids birth control such as condoms or the pill because it views them as separating sexual intercourse from its intended consequence of reproduction.

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in 1898. After White's death in 1921, there became an informally recognized tradition of holding one seat on the court for a Catholic justice, though not necessarily the same seat.

1862:, when Clinton's share of Catholics in general was four percentage points ahead of overall, and they comprised about half of the margin between him and the unsuccessful challenger 4741: 837:

half of the nineteenth century, nativism, anti-Catholicism, and anti-unionism coalesced in Republican elections, and Catholics gravitated toward unions and the Democratic Party.

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viewed the 54-45% majority of Catholic voters choosing Obama in the 2008 presidential election as a repudiation of bishops who had warned that voting for Obama would constitute

1497: 5584: 1866:. The 1990s ended, however, with Catholics as "the largest swing vote in American politics" and with white non-Hispanic Catholics continuing to vote consistently Republican. 4671: 4573: 1051:" in the slums of New York City and then a series of farms for people to live together communally. The movement quickly spread to other cities in the United States and to 2941: 1991:

and was one of the factors in his loss. Many feared that he would answer to the pope and not the constitution. Another major controversial issue was the continuation of

5429: 4210: 4184: 6104: 1182:"to improve their economic status and to act as a moderating force in the new labor movement". Catholic clergy promoted and founded moderate trade unions, such as the 5417:

He was raised in the Catholic Church and confirmed in the Catholic Church as an adolescent, but he has been attending Episcopal services for the past 15 or so years."

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is controversial in the United States. Such cases typically involve a bishop who prepares to withhold communion from a Catholic politician, though in some cases

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In the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, as many as 89 Catholic bishops proclaimed that Catholics should make abortion their defining issue in the election.

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Their party independence continued into 2000, and Catholics became the large religious grouping that most closely reflected the total electorate, ahead of

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proposed regulations that required employer-provided health insurance plans to cover contraception, Catholic companies such as affiliated universities and

6603: 3623: 1103: 8063: 3462: 5305: 7223: 6703: 6140: 5781:, which refers to Hagel's parents as "pillars of their Catholic church"; Hagel's father; Charles Hagel had converted to the Catholic faith of his wife. 5456: 4281: 4056: 1471:

and the Family Life Bureau, also a Catholic organization. Mobilization of a wide-scale anti-abortion movement among Catholics began quickly after the

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Grand Lodge of Oregon sponsored a bill to require all school-age children to attend public schools. With support of the Klan and Democratic Governor

8054: 7673: 1645: 216:, a Catholic who was elected. For the next three elections, a Catholic would be nominated for the vice presidency by one of the two major parties ( 3062:, both Catholics, in 2005. Alito's appointment gave the court its first ever Catholic majority, which it has maintained since. In 2009, President 5372: 3954: 4823: 7944: 6365: 6232: 5990: 5963: 5207: 1059:; more than 30 independent but affiliated CW communities had been founded by 1941. Well over 100 communities exist today, including several in 4027: 8223: 8213: 6983: 6710: 5492: 4796: 3527: 1504:

has been suggested, and in others, a bishop has instructed a politician to refrain from receiving communion. The first such case was that of

6662: 6506: 5755: 3482: 1735: 1527:, Archbishop of Philadelphia, have shown support for Ratzinger's position, but as of June 2022, neither has followed through on this. 1468: 1448: 1289: 186: 4237: 8162: 8021: 7256: 6749: 5281: 3492: 1660:

The immigration debate has opened a chasm with Republican hardliners who want restrictions. Some 30% of the Roman Catholic population is

1605: 1124: 8208: 7638: 6937: 4639: 4098: 2892: 2076:. The speech is widely considered to be an important marker in the history of Catholicism (and anti-Catholicism) in the United States. 1516: 4351: 1893:, versus 51% to 48% overall. Amongst white Catholics the figure was higher, with George W Bush receiving 56% of white Catholic votes. 1644:

could seek it directly from the insurer at no additional cost. Catholic religious authorities continued to oppose the plan, while the

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Historian John McGreevey notes, "Priests across the country in the 1930s encouraged their parishioners to join unions, and some like

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until the end of the 18th century, about 1% of the American population (about 30,000) was Catholic. Still, Catholics were among the

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the third presidential election in a row in which Catholics failed to support the Democratic candidate as they traditionally did.

409:. By 1840, there were about 600,000 Catholics in the United States. In the 1840s, 200,000 Irish immigrated to escape poverty. The 6655: 6633: 5326: 4654: 1183: 6482: 6437: 3983: 8218: 7085: 7027: 6499: 5666: 4552: 2896: 765: 345:. Catholics only constituted a significant community in Maryland and Baltimore became an early center of Catholicism. From the 288: 128: 6570: 6532: 5533: 4298: 4000: 3663: 2060:. When offered the opportunity to speak before a convention of Baptist ministers, he decided to try to put the issue to rest. 102:

In 1776 Catholics comprised less than 1% of the population of the new nation, but their presence grew rapidly after 1840 with

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birth control. Catholics who attend services on a weekly basis are more likely to support church teaching on social issues.

8047: 6895: 6791: 5863: 3457: 3162: 3110: 1685: 1179: 151:, their strong anti-Communism has faded in importance. On social issues the Catholic Church takes strong positions against 6560: 5893: 4162: 3326:

married a Catholic woman, attended services for many years, and was formally baptized on his deathbed. Treasury Secretary

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became the first Roman Catholic to gain a major party's nomination for president. His religion became an issue during the

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had ordered priests in the diocese to deny him communion because of Kennedy's position in favor of unrestricted abortion.

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Gleason, Philip. "The Historiography of American Catholicism as Reflected in The Catholic Historical Review, 1915–2015."

4025:"Cross-Border Reflections, Parents' Right to Direct Their Children's Education Under the U.S. and Canadian Constitutions" 1282:

In 2016 another Catholic organization, Catholics in Alliance for the Common Good, published the Pope Francis Voter Guide

4714: 1921:. Obama won 50% of the Catholic vote to Romney's 48%, close to their 51% and 47%, respectively, of the overall vote. In 1530:

During the 2004 presidential campaign, four bishops planned to deny communion to Catholic politicians who had voted for

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later in his life. In 2020, Biden went on to be elected as the second Roman Catholic president of the United States. 3

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After Murphy died in 1949, he was not succeeded directly by a Catholic. However, President Harry Truman appointed

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Before 1840, Catholics constituted a small minority and as a result, they played a relatively minor role in early

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background, comprised 25% of the Democrats who voted for Reagan, and formed an important part of his support in

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by just one tenth of one percentage point (0.1%) - the closest popular-vote margin of the 20th century. In the

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for non-Catholics. In 2006, it revamped the guides and published them on its Catholic Answers Action web site.

1212: 398: 84: 8101: 7989: 7930: 7727: 7306: 7281: 6890: 3512: 2980:, joined the court in 1894 and was elevated to chief justice in 1910. He was joined on the Court by Catholic 1945:

as hers. The victorious Trump-Pence ticket received 52% of Catholics' votes compared to Clinton-Kaine's 45%.

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was an outspoken critic of homosexuality; other prominent Catholics who were outspoken critics have included

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candidate, has nominated a Catholic for president or vice president in every election since 1960 except for

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was baptized in the Catholic Church as an infant and he attended Catholic schools, but began to attend the

3089:, a Catholic, to fill the vacancy; she was subsequently confirmed by the Senate and sworn in to the bench. 1747: 1285:

to help inform the faithful about their specifically political vocation as Catholics in the United States.

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and said he felt "more-or-less Anglican" by the time he returned to the U.S. Buttigieg has since been an

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Doody, Colleen (2011). "Grappling with Secularism: Anti-Communism and Catholicism in Cold-War Detroit".

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destiny have the right coupled with the high duty, to recognize, and prepare him for additional duties.

354: 312: 299:, Joe Biden became the first Catholic to be elected Vice President of the United States. His successor 6504:

Jelen, Ted G. "Catholic priests and the political order: The political behavior of Catholic pastors."

6178: 5369: 4685:"Poll finds many U.S. Catholics breaking with church over contraception, abortion and L.G.B.T. rights" 3779: 895:

was led by his Postmaster General and the nation's first Irish American Roman Catholic Cabinet member

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serving as the first senator from Maryland. Presidential candidates did not seek Catholic votes until

7800: 7502: 6813: 6348: 6215: 4833: 3472: 1512: 304: 6517:(University of Georgia Press; 2014) 503 pages; influence of Catholics on domestic and foreign policy 5215: 2029: 422:

party in the 1850s which demanded a purification of elections and statutes from Catholic influence.

8106: 7994: 7633: 7208: 6725: 6352: 6344: 6219: 6211: 4323: 4024: 3870: 3801: 3282: 3220: 1885:

election. 52% of Catholics voted for Bush's successful reelection compared to 47% for the Catholic

1574: 1172: 1164: 1040: 996: 401:

dramatically changed as a result of the mass immigration of Catholics from Europe, especially from

252:, but she also lost, and the non-Catholic vice-presidential streak was broken in 2008. A Catholic, 37: 6122: 4800: 1208: 8086: 7974: 7251: 7107: 6834: 5867: 3334: 2987: 1311:. In it, he suggests to politicians supporting abortion that they would need to repent and go to 1191:. According to Colleen Doody, Catholics were the "backbone and the bane of New Deal liberalism". 265: 115:, sometimes at the 80–90% level. From the 1930s to the 1950s Catholics formed a core part of the 41: 5747: 5411: 4855: 2925:

to the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses, serving from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1835.

1090:

Similar houses of hospitality were established by Russian immigrant and Catholic social worker,

7722: 7608: 7321: 6415:

Brenner, Saul. "Patterns of Jewish-Catholic Democratic Voting and the 1960 Presidential Vote."

6369: 6236: 4971: 4245: 3442: 3017: 2003:

populations in New England, which may explain his narrow victories in traditionally Republican

1799:

won about half of the Catholic vote and a majority of Catholics who were non-Hispanic whites. "

1765: 1464: 431:

candidates. The Irish increasingly controlled the Democratic party machinery in major cities.

410: 331: 99:). There has never been an American Catholic religious party, either local, state or national. 6625: 4427: 4409: 3848: 8128: 7618: 7603: 7316: 7173: 7080: 6880: 6863: 6776: 6720: 5698:, "Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal, Naval Institute Press, 1992, page 7 4887: 4865: 3502: 3274: 2977: 2275: 1714: 7668: 5558: 4465: 4370: 4102: 3610:

Intended Consequences: Birth Control, Abortion, and the Federal Government in Modern America

8138: 8067: 8032: 7953: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7777: 7704: 7547: 7507: 7326: 7228: 7203: 7142: 6947: 6922: 6858: 6085: 5945: 4605: 4285: 3980: 3915:, there were no alternative Catholic denominations formed for immigrants. By contrast, the 3532: 3507: 3433: 3381: 3122: 2922: 2900: 2212: 2175: 1934: 1752: 1636: 1312: 1237:

Religion plays a part in American elections. Religion is part of the political debate over

1048: 284: 5629: 5093: 4672:

Majority of U.S. Catholics’ opinions run counter to church on contraception, homosexuality

4574:

Majority of U.S. Catholics’ opinions run counter to church on contraception, homosexuality

3330:

also had Catholic roots, but it is unclear whether he actively practiced while in office.

8: 8118: 8081: 8001: 7969: 7899: 7623: 7613: 7562: 7420: 7406: 7266: 7008: 6771: 5313: 3605: 3082: 2994:

in 1940. Both were Catholic. During Murphy's time on the court, he was briefly joined by

1870: 1677: 1557: 1336: 1188: 1072: 346: 4327: 2052:

believed that, if he were elected president, Kennedy would have to take orders from the

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in 1988. They joined Brennan to give the court a then-high of three Catholic justices.

2230: 2193: 1163:, served on regional labor boards and played key roles in workplace negotiations." The 892: 888: 446: 176: 116: 16:

Overview of the largest Christian church's influence on American leadership and culture

7477: 6630: 4490: 7857: 7762: 7537: 7523: 7497: 7482: 7386: 7371: 7301: 7291: 7160: 7092: 6993: 6957: 6853: 6081:"Haaland condemns students' behavior toward Native elder at Indigenous Peoples March" 5840: 5717: 5564: 5186: 5039: 4975: 4376: 4148: 3856: 3487: 3373: 3362: 3278: 3236: 3232: 3086: 3039: 2585: 2528: 2512: 2491: 2454: 2315: 2290: 2255: 1820: 1812: 1681: 1669: 1665: 1423: 1300: 1157: 1153: 1091: 673: 568: 245: 217: 156: 124: 5670: 3930:

Rainbow's end: Irish-Americans and the dilemmas of urban machine politics, 1840-1985

1696:

Most immigration to the U.S. is from predominantly Roman Catholic nations and about

8181: 8133: 8006: 7747: 7552: 7532: 7452: 7437: 7336: 7238: 7112: 6952: 6910: 6905: 6885: 6868: 6781: 6582: 6061: 5810:"Alexis Herman: Friends Helped Labor Nominee Move Up, Then Almost Brought Her Down" 5695: 5331: 4892: 4306: 4136: 3840: 3836: 3447: 3270: 3244: 3013: 2080: 2012: 1800: 1730: 1668:

advocated that countries should accommodate people fleeing from economic hardship.

1392: 1268: 1253:

difference between the opinions of Catholics and non-Catholics on these questions.

1246: 959: 955: 846: 841: 831: 402: 6489:

American Catholics: A History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States

6305:

American Catholic: The Saints and Sinners Who Built America's Most Powerful Church

3571: 1315:

before receiving Holy Communion, in contrast with other bishops such as Cardinals

7805: 7772: 7716: 7710: 7567: 7472: 7376: 7188: 6682: 6647: 6637: 6401: 5691: 5669:(Interview). Interviewed by Academy of Achievement. New York City. Archived from 5376: 5353: 5033: 4491:"89 Catholic Bishops Speak Out: In This Election, Abortion is the Defining Issue" 4140: 4085: 4031: 3578: 3419: 3251: 3205: 3201: 3102: 3074: 3067: 3043: 3032: 2995: 2914: 2823: 2546: 2395: 2390: 2349: 2310: 2294: 2249: 2064: 2063:

To address fears that his Roman Catholicism would influence his decision-making,

2045: 2033: 1938: 1851: 1824: 1777: 1707: 1625: 1501: 1484: 1415: 1408: 1384: 1068: 1032: 530: 492: 406: 272:

was the first where both major party vice presidential candidates were Catholic,

237: 233: 213: 107: 80: 6550:

The Catholic Voter in American Politics: The Passing of the Democratic Monolith

5006:

Religion, Race, and the American Presidency edited by Gaston Espinosa page 65-66

3909:

The Churching of America, 1776-1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy

3309: 7868: 7693: 7487: 7462: 7426: 7366: 7359: 7354: 7344: 7198: 7183: 7122: 6998: 6988: 6744: 6312:

The Catholic Voter in American Politics: The Passing of the Democratic Monolith

5920:"If Clinton wins, Thomas Perez does, too. Only question: What job does he get?" 5897: 5710:"In John Kelly, Trump gets a plain-spoken disciplinarian as his chief of staff" 5516:"Melania Trump Will Be The First Catholic To Live At The White House Since JFK" 5349: 3624:"Pope Francis's edict on climate change has fallen on closed ears, study finds" 3369: 3358: 3354: 3301: 3216: 3212: 3193: 3138:, who remained there for two weeks after her husband's death 53 years earlier. 3051: 3028: 3006: 2981: 2973: 2918: 2680: 2643: 2507: 2472: 2415: 2234: 2015:(which previous Democratic presidential candidates had lost by double digits). 1878: 1816: 1773: 1524: 1520: 1396: 1380: 1178:

The Catholic Church encouraged Catholic workers to join the unions such as the

1056: 884: 686: 374: 358: 261: 181: 164: 132: 48: 7061: 5643: 5144:

Religion, Race, and the American Presidency edited by Gaston Espinosa page 66

1688:

discussed the need when talking about reforming immigration law, to do so "...

1508:, though such incidents have subsequently occurred during national elections. 1323:, who say that the church does not deny communion over issues of legislation. 8197: 7752: 7678: 7644: 7628: 7588: 7271: 7246: 7022: 6932: 6917: 6839: 5721: 5015:

Religion, Race, and the American Presidency edited by Gaston Espinosa page 66

4768:"U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic" 4452:

The making of anti-abortion activists: how social movement mobilization works

3987: 3346: 3313: 3297: 3286: 3189: 3131: 3024: 2850: 2665: 2550: 2487: 2450: 2370: 2354: 2331: 2271: 2216: 2197: 2179: 2140: 2004: 1796: 1726: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1431: 1388: 1372: 1360: 1356: 1316: 1222: 1104:

National Catholic Welfare Council § National Catholic Welfare Conference

916:

Catholic War Council issued the "Bishops' Program of Social Reconstruction".

859: 854: 419: 316: 292: 225: 194: 96: 88: 3590: 1734:

H.R. 4437 as punitive and open to abusive interpretation, and supported the

1296:. It is a summary of the USCCB's public policies based on church teachings. 7862: 7737: 7593: 7557: 7296: 7218: 7062: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6786: 6586:

White ethnic New York: Jews, Catholics, and the shaping of postwar politics

6515:

What They Wished For: American Catholics and American Presidents, 1960-2004

5396: 4048: 3338: 3327: 3323: 3305: 3255: 3240: 3224: 3182: 3078: 3063: 3059: 3055: 2991: 2929: 2864: 2803: 2760: 2719: 2704: 2604: 2565: 2468: 2411: 2156: 2136: 2008: 1926: 1894: 1843: 1804: 1792: 1570: 1419: 1364: 1348: 1344: 1320: 1242: 1230: 1226: 1215: 1024: 971: 939: 912: 896: 734: 160: 3827:

Breidenbach, Michael D. (2016). "Conciliarism and the American Founding".

1751:

discourages differing opinions on marriage and sexuality and would codify

1498:

Reception of communion by Catholic politicians who support abortion rights

7663: 7492: 7467: 7442: 7415: 7402: 7311: 7213: 6900: 5991:"What does Julián Castro believe? Where the candidate stands on 8 issues" 5964:"What does Julián Castro believe? Where the candidate stands on 8 issues" 4078: 3722:"CARA, "Presidential Votes of Catholics: Estimates from Various Sources"" 3497: 3350: 3342: 3263: 2999: 2782: 2745: 2741: 2684: 2647: 2431: 2374: 2335: 2160: 2049: 1992: 1914: 1906: 1863: 1746:

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops have openly opposed the

1505: 1459: 1376: 1168: 1080: 1012: 1005: 908: 555: 427: 168: 120: 91:

has never had religious parties (unlike much of the world, especially in

6613: 5430:"What it means that Mike Pence called himself an 'evangelical Catholic'" 5370:

Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas visits Conception Seminary College

4282:

A Phoenix bishop's plea to voters and politicians: no votes for abortion

3413: 1803:", many of them non-Hispanic white, blue-collar Catholics, often from a 1593: 1112: 7922: 7447: 7032: 6539:

Religion and American Politics: From the Colonial Period to the Present

6420: 6141:"Miguel Cardona: Biden's pick for Education is a teacher – and unifier" 5135:

Idaho's place: A new history of the Gem State edited by Adam M. Sowards

4860: 4238:"Some issues morally 'non-negotiable,' says '06 Catholic voter's guide" 3259: 3197: 3118: 2868: 2807: 2699: 2589: 2532: 1930: 1886: 1839: 1535: 1531: 1412: 1238: 1149: 975: 951: 639: 455: 378: 320: 300: 253: 185:. The publication by Francis had put pressure on Catholics seeking the 1725:

if it were to become law. Cardinal Mahony personally lobbied senators

6319:

FDR, the Vatican, and the Roman Catholic Church in America, 1933-1945

6021: 5801: 4940: 4915: 4763: 3916: 3290: 3114: 3106: 2949: 2845: 2828: 2787: 2765: 2724: 2628: 2000: 1942: 1918: 1898: 1834:

Although about one third of Catholics voted for Bush's reelection in

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on Catholic education. He quoted in a footnote the part of the case:

800: 699: 595: 506: 277: 273: 143:

have drifted away from liberalism of the Democratic Party and toward

106:

from Germany, Ireland, and later from Italy, Poland and elsewhere in

5058:

In Praise of Barbarians: Essays Against Empire By Mike Davis page 53

4372:

Gay and Lesbian Rights: A Question--sexual Ethics Or Social Justice?

3664:"Pope's Views on Climate Change Add Pressure to Catholic Candidates" 283:

As of January 2023, there are 27 (out of 100) Catholics in the

7906: 7261: 7015: 7003: 6567:

Politics in the Parish: The Political Influence of Catholic Priests

6496:

Catholics and politics: the dynamic tension between faith and power

6451:

Roosevelt and Romanism: Catholics and American Diplomacy, 1937-1945

6291:

Catholics and Politics: The Dynamic Tension Between Faith and Power

5894:"House Democrats Release Historic Catholic Statement of Principles" 5282:"Exit Poll Results and Analysis for the 2020 Presidential Election" 4966:

Catholics and politics: the dynamic tension between faith and power

3399: 3296:

Past Catholic Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development include

3134:

was the first Catholic to live in the White House since First Lady

2891:

According to the Pew Research Center, Catholics represent 30.5% of

2624: 2435: 1984: 1976: 1661: 1556:

In November 2009, Rhode Island Rep. Patrick Kennedy disclosed that

1543: 1368: 1332: 1044: 1020: 1001: 474: 451: 362: 205: 190: 152: 148: 136: 6461:

In Rome We Trust: The Rise of Catholics in American Political Life

6444:

The American Pope: The Life and Times of Francis Cardinal Spellman

5896:. Congresswoman Rosa L. DeLauro. February 28, 2006. Archived from 5784:

Page 17 of the same work refers to Hagel as "now an Episcopalian."

5457:"Melania Trump only the second Catholic first lady to meet a pope" 7518: 7132: 6754: 6475:

A Catholic New Deal: Religion and Reform in Depression Pittsburgh

4962:

Heyer, Kristin E.; Rozell, Mark J.; Genovese, Michael A. (2008).

4621:"Ruling on Contraception Draws Battle Lines at Catholic Colleges" 4527: 2661: 2608: 2569: 1874: 1539: 1064: 636: 592: 4428:"Pro-Life Activities - The Catholic Church is a Pro-Life Church" 3077:

to replace Anthony Kennedy. Trump's other appointment thus far,

1710:

have been replaced by immigrant Catholics in the United States.

974:, in 1929, explicitly referenced this Supreme Court case in his 454:

in the North were tightly linked to the GOP. In sharp contrast,

159:

and has formed coalitions with Protestant evangelicals. In 2015

7684:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

7127: 7037: 6942: 6642: 6631:

Catholic Bishops' Conference and Vatican Statements on Abortion

5485:"US First Lady Melania Trump is Catholic, spokeswoman confirms" 5071:. Catholic Star-Herald, the Diocese of Camden. November 6, 2008 5069:"Voters split on Obama, McCain by religion, religious practice" 4742:""The Political Obligations of Catholics", Pew Research Center" 4728:

Zoll, "Immigration Reform Splits Catholics, GOP" April 22, 2006

4553:"More Americans "Anti-Choice" Than "Pro-Choice" for First Time" 2972:

The first Catholic Supreme Court appointment was Chief Justice

1972: 1547: 1427: 1084: 1076: 1052: 943: 622: 608: 92: 6608:

Thomas, J. Douglas. "A Century of American Catholic History."

6522:

American Catholic Voter: Two Hundred Years Of Political Impact

6298:

American Catholic Voter: Two Hundred Years Of Political Impact

5269:

American Catholic Voter: Two Hundred Years Of Political Impact

4268:"An Assessment of the New USCCB Document Faithful Citizenship" 2969:

A majority of the Supreme Court has been Catholic since 2005.

2964: 1979:

is the first Catholic presidential candidate in major parties.

1023:

with the tenets of Catholicism (including a strong current of

187:

Republican Party nomination for president of the United States

6277:

Catholics, Politics, and Public Policy: Beyond Left and Right

3319:

Past Catholic Secretaries of Energy include Bill Richardson.

2072:

conceded too much in his profession of belief in an absolute

1194: 8062: 6468:

The faith factor: How religion influences American elections

6289:

Heyer, Kristin E., Mark J. Rozell, and Michael A. Genovese.

5002: 5000: 4998: 4528:"The Catholic Vote: Complex, significant but no realignment" 2921:

elected from New England in 1830. Kavanagh was elected as a

902: 469:

Voting Behavior by Religion, Northern USA Late 19th century

6412:, influential Protestant attack on Catholic political power 3181:

Past Catholic Postmaster General (formerly a cabinet post)

3016:

successfully lobbied Dwight Eisenhower to replace him with

2057: 2053: 1680:'s Forum on Religion & Public Life in 2009, Archbishop 1640: 172: 6434:

The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960

6270:

The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960

4505:"Patrick Kennedy Denied Holy Communion by Catholic Church" 4079:"Dorothy Day, Prophet of Pacifism for the Catholic Church" 1901:

as his running mate, received 54% of the Catholic vote in

1717:

announced that he would order the clergy and laity of the

7573:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

6494:

Heyer, Kristin E.; Rozell, Mark J.; Genovese, Michael A.

6491:(Oxford University Press, 1981), puts politics in context 4995: 4888:"Catholic Church officials spurn immigration reform plan" 4799:. Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc. Archived from 4163:"Catholics Similar to Mainstream on Abortion, Stem Cells" 3572:

CARA's New Book Identifies Trends in U.S. Catholic Church

3023:

The traditional one-seat rule was abandoned by President

1463:

decision making abortion legal in the United States, the

1292:

produced an updated version of their 2007 voter's guide,

1249:, universal health care, workers rights and immigration. 1011:

The Catholic Worker movement began as a means to combine

147:

on economic issues (such as taxes). Since the end of the

6579:(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010) wide-ranging 6105:"Early struggles gave Martin Walsh a solid underpinning" 5208:"Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association" 4713:

Rachel Zoll, "Immigration Reform Splits Catholics, GOP"

4088:" from "Houston Catholic Worker" newspaper, October 1997 6160:"Pete Buttigieg on faith, his marriage, and Mike Pence" 5308:

Catholics and the Supreme Court: An Uneasy Relationship

5031: 3777: 1097: 445:

Religious lines were sharply drawn in the North in the

440:

anti-Catholic sentiment in Hayes' presidential election

4322: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3266:

was raised Catholic but converted to Episcopalianism.

3208:

was raised Catholic but converted to Episcopalianism.

2079:

Kennedy went on to win the national popular vote over

1263:

Catholic Answers § The Voter's Guides controversy

268:, who may have won the majority of Catholic vote. The 7604:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

4407: 3911:(1993) p. 273. Apart from the formation in 1897 of a 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 1430:

chaplain to the U. S. House of Representatives), and

923: 6626:

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB)

4797:"Immigration reform: what the Catholic Church knows" 4466:"Democrats Criticize Denial of Communion by Bishops" 4318: 4316: 3875:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

3806:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

3395: 2990:

was appointed to the court in 1923 and succeeded by

2932:, a Catholic, became the first woman elected as the 6529:

A Catholic Runs for President: The Campaign of 1928

5560:

Ed Muskie: Made in Maine, The Early Years 1914-1960

5412:"What is Neil Gorsuch's religion? It's complicated" 5360:

before his confirmation as a Supreme Court Justice.

4961: 3463:

History of the Catholic Church in the United States

3073:In 2018, President Donald Trump appointed Catholic 2976:, appointed by Andrew Jackson in 1836. The second, 1271:, a private lay Catholic apostolate, published its 6677: 5603: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 4963: 4955: 4856:"Cardinal Mahony speaks out on immigration reform" 3681: 3070:, raising the number of Catholic justices to six. 1838:, most Catholic defectors switched to independent 6643:NETWORK, A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby 5708:Jaffe, Greg; deGrandpre, Andrew (July 28, 2017). 4821: 4655:"Contraception Compromise Doesn't Please Bishops" 4408:Klein Teeselink, Bouke; Melios, Georgios (2024). 4313: 3871:"CARROLL, Charles (of Carrollton), (1737 - 1832)" 3027:, who nominated two Catholics to serve together: 1445:Catholic Church and abortion in the United States 175:stated the warming of the planet is rooted in "a 8195: 7674:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 6357:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 6224:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 6039:I feel that through my Roman Catholic beliefs... 5988: 5946:"A Cuomo Who Is Catholic but Hardly Theological" 5777:cached excerpt from Charlyne Berens' biography, 5664: 3990:, Lectures for Religion, Wake Forrest University 3940: 3938: 1664:and that percentage continues to rise steadily. 5707: 5352:converted to Catholicism after his retirement. 5346:Religious affiliation of Supreme Court justices 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5018: 4640:"Obama Birth Control Mandate Divides Democrats" 3649:"Can a good Catholic dissent from Laudato Si'?" 2998:, who was raised Catholic but had converted to 2881: 1953:to support progressive candidates and causes. 1047:position in the wartorn 1930s. It grew into a " 127:, and the working class, all of which promoted 8229:Christianity and politics in the United States 6275:Cochran, Clarke E. and David Carroll Cochran. 5563:. Thomaston, Maine: Tilbury House Publishers. 5391:Catholicism: Sotomayor would be sixth Catholic 5327:"Indiana Man Is Nominated for U.S. Court Post" 5038:. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. 4943:. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 3778:Silk, Mark; Walsh, Andrew (November 3, 2008). 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3322:Secretary of the Treasury and of the Interior 388: 119:, with overlapping memberships in the church, 8048: 7938: 6663: 6575:Wald, Kenneth D., and Allison Calhoun-Brown. 6557:Encyclopedia of Religion in American Politics 5864:"CQ Politics in America Profile: Hilda Solis" 5658: 5585:"Haig's Future Uncertain After a Shaky Start" 5422: 4362: 3935: 3528:Religious discrimination in the United States 3250:Past Catholic Secretaries of Defense include 3211:Past Catholic U.S. Attorneys General include 303:was raised as a Catholic but he converted to 6507:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 5409: 5242: 4933: 4519: 4352:"Majority Continues To Support Civil Unions" 4047: 3483:History of Christianity in the United States 2040:Religion became a divisive issue during the 1909:'s 45%, close to the overall 52% to 46%. In 1736:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 1469:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 1449:Catholic Church and the politics of abortion 1294:Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship 1290:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 200:Religious tensions were major issues in the 5550: 5513: 5061: 4235: 3898:, Americans at War, Macmillan Reference USA 3826: 3756: 3493:Jewish views and involvement in US politics 3269:Past Catholic Secretaries of Labor include 3188:Past Catholic Secretaries of State include 2952:is Catholic as well and served recently as 1937:—as his running mate, while the Democrats' 990: 8055: 8041: 7945: 7931: 7689:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 7639:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 6670: 6656: 6577:Religion and politics in the United States 6317:Woolner, David B., and Richard G. Kurial. 5827: 5454: 5403: 5113: 5111: 5088: 5086: 4880: 4848: 4356:The Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life 1517:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 1195:Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems 6388:Learn how and when to remove this message 6255:Learn how and when to remove this message 6179:"Pete Buttigieg has his eye on the prize" 5938: 5856: 5556: 4762: 4756: 4463: 4447: 4445: 4368: 3981:Catholicism in Nineteenth Century America 3919:formed numerous denominations in the U.S. 3661: 1956: 1483:other anti-abortion Democrats including, 1027:), five years after her 1927 conversion. 903:Bishops' Program of Social Reconstruction 67:Learn how and when to remove this message 51:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 8234:History of religion in the United States 7952: 6078: 6017:"Presidential Candidate Bill Richardson" 5836:"Solis Prepares to Take Another Step Up" 4525: 4375:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. ix. 4122: 4120: 3655: 3523:History of religion in the United States 3518:Freedom of religion in the United States 2028: 2025:1960 United States presidential election 1971: 1968:1928 United States presidential election 1846:. Unlike previous elections (such as in 1815:'s presence on the Democratic ticket as 1307:issued the fourth edition of his guide, 1207: 1015:'s history in American social activism, 1000: 433: 330: 287:, and 122 (out of 435) Catholics in the 6296:Marlin, George J., and Michael Barone, 5382: 5335:. Associated Press. September 15, 1949. 5274: 5205: 5108: 5083: 4970:. Georgetown University Press. p. 4652: 4637: 3744: 3085:died; President Donald Trump nominated 1184:Association of Catholic Trade Unionists 825: 8196: 5886: 5557:Witherell, James L. (March 28, 2014). 5455:Wellington, Elizabeth (May 25, 2017). 5356:was raised as Catholic, but became an 5035:The Catholic vote in American politics 4794: 4788: 4736: 4734: 4695:from the original on December 25, 2023 4585: 4526:Humphrey, Michael (November 7, 2008). 4442: 4211:"Voter's Guide for Serious Christians" 1823:won about the same number of votes as 1326: 1171:grew out of the same impetuses to put 1156:, Detroit's Frederick Siedenberg, and 289:United States House of Representatives 208:, a Catholic who was defeated, and in 8036: 7926: 6651: 6520:Marlin George J. and Michael Barone. 6498:(Georgetown University Press, 2008). 6427:Catholic bishops in American politics 6158:Beck, Father Edward (April 2, 2019). 6079:Gstalter, Morgan (January 19, 2019). 6014: 5989:Desjardins, Lisa (January 12, 2019). 5807: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5267:George J. Marlin and Michael Barone, 5239:, November 20, 1960, Section 4, p. E5 5183:The Ku Klux Klan in American Politics 4653:Newcomb, Alyssa (February 11, 2012). 4618: 4410:"Religion, Identity, and Preferences" 4403: 4401: 4399: 4185:"Voter's Guide for Serious Catholics" 4126: 4117: 4099:"List of Catholic Worker Communities" 3621: 3453:Anti-Catholicism in the United States 2940:on January 3, 2019, after serving as 2903:that are Catholic, which split as 99 2090: 2036:, 35th President of the United States 1741: 8214:Catholic Church in the United States 6588:(Univ of North Carolina Press, 2007) 6569:(Georgetown University Press, 2008) 6329: 6196: 6176: 6157: 6059: 5956: 5833: 5796:Political Profiles: The Truman Years 5609: 5577: 5180: 4822:John L. Allen Jr. (April 14, 2006). 3458:Catholic Church in the United States 3145: 3111:Vice Presidents of the United States 2917:was nationally noticed as the first 1758: 1588: 1277:Voter's Guide for Serious Christians 1180:Congress of Industrial Organizations 1107: 1098:National Catholic Welfare Conference 818:The Third Electoral System 1853-1892 20: 7543:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 6552:(Georgetown University Press. 1999) 6406:American Freedom and Catholic Power 6123:"Joe Biden's very Catholic Cabinet" 6093:from the original on April 4, 2019. 5701: 5514:Sieczkowski, Cavan (May 25, 2017). 4815: 4731: 4674:Pew research Center, Sept. 19, 2013 4638:Cassata, Donna (February 9, 2012). 4493:(Press release). ChristianNewsWire. 3092: 3012:Upon Minton's retirement, Cardinal 3002:many years before his appointment. 2011:, as well as his narrow 2% loss in 1273:Voter's Guide for Serious Catholics 849:, its president from 1881 onward). 438:Political cartoon about the use of 418:to grow, including the short-lived 13: 7098:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 6537:Noll, Mark A. and Luke E. Harlow. 6429:(Princeton University Press, 1991) 6325: 6060:Rice, Lewis (September 24, 2002). 5758:from the original on June 17, 2018 5740: 5728:from the original on June 12, 2018 5292: 5206:Kennedy, John F. (June 18, 2002). 4619:Grady, Denise (January 29, 2012). 4464:Goodstein, Laurie (May 20, 2004). 4396: 3662:Davenport, Caral (June 16, 2015). 3622:Davis, Nicola (October 24, 2016). 3141: 2895:as of January 2019. There are 141 1475:decision with the creation of the 1331:The Roman Catholic Church defines 924:Defense of parochial school system 291:, including House Majority Leader 212:when the Democrats also nominated 14: 8245: 8209:Catholicism-related controversies 6619: 6592: 5665:Alberto Gonzales (June 3, 2005). 3745:Diamant, Jeff (January 3, 2023). 3478:Christianity in the United States 3121:(raised Catholic, self-described 2948:from 2003 to 2007 and 2011–2019. 1780:, was the presidential nominee). 1693:that one works and one doesn't." 353:and they were also a part of the 323:) have been professed Catholics. 8224:Holy See–United States relations 7905: 7893: 7224:Fourth Council of Constantinople 7179:Second Council of Constantinople 6555:Schultz, Jeffrey D. et al. eds. 6436:(Oxford University Press, 2009) 6334: 6201: 6177:Wren, Adam (December 16, 2018). 6170: 6151: 6133: 6115: 6097: 6072: 6053: 6044: 6008: 5982: 5912: 5834:Merl, Jean (December 28, 2000). 5788: 5770: 5644:"Recipients | The Laetare Medal" 5032:Prendergast, William B. (1999). 4329:Catechism of the Catholic Church 3802:"CARROLL, Daniel, (1730 - 1796)" 3426: 3412: 3398: 3333:The Catholic secretaries in the 3149: 2959: 1592: 1584: 1477:National Right to Life Committee 1256: 1111: 248:would continue the tradition in 87:since the mid-19th century. The 49:add missing citation information 25: 7194:Third Council of Constantinople 7118:First Council of Constantinople 6192: 5870:. June 24, 2010. Archived from 5808:Wines, Michael (May 12, 1997). 5685: 5636: 5618: 5526: 5507: 5477: 5448: 5410:Daniel Burke (March 22, 2017). 5363: 5339: 5319: 5230: 5199: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5052: 5009: 4908: 4722: 4707: 4677: 4665: 4646: 4631: 4612: 4598: 4586:Meehan, Seth (March 15, 2012). 4579: 4567: 4545: 4497: 4483: 4457: 4420: 4344: 4291: 4274: 4260: 4229: 4203: 4177: 4155: 4091: 4071: 4041: 4017: 3993: 3973: 3947: 3922: 3913:Polish National Catholic Church 3901: 3889: 3863: 3820: 3794: 3592:The Official Catholic Directory 3546: 1203: 930:Oregon Compulsory Education Act 873: 326: 8177:List of international rankings 7433:Dissolution of the monasteries 6699:History of the Catholic Church 6284:The Irish Americans: A History 5491:. May 25, 2017. Archived from 4941:"Truth about the Equality Act" 4795:Kerwin, Donald (May 8, 2006). 4744:. Pewforum.org. March 17, 2009 4244:. Catholic.org. Archived from 3907:Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, 3849:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467 3841:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467 3829:The William and Mary Quarterly 3738: 3641: 3615: 3599: 3584: 3565: 3204:had Catholic roots. Secretary 3099:President of the United States 2074:separation of church and state 1842:, not the successful Democrat 1655: 1309:Catholics in the Public Square 1229:, Wednesday, May 24, 2017, in 1063:, the United Kingdom, Canada, 244:), but the ticket would lose. 85:elections of the United States 1: 8219:Politics of the United States 7307:Fourth Council of the Lateran 7282:Second Council of the Lateran 6891:Apostles in the New Testament 5794:Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. 4588:"Catholics and Contraception" 3559: 3513:Religion in the United States 3357:(Health and Human Services), 3097:There have been two Catholic 2042:presidential campaign of 1960 1873:. 50% of Catholics voted for 519:Confessional German Lutherans 371:Charles Carroll of Carrollton 204:when the Democrats nominated 202:presidential election of 1928 7421:Catholic Counter-Reformation 7287:Third Council of the Lateran 7277:First Council of the Lateran 6733:Catholic ecumenical councils 6463:(Stanford UP, 2017), 242 pp. 5185:. Haskell House Publishers. 4141:10.1080/14743892.2011.561953 3368:Secretary of Transportation 2882:Representation in government 1094:, founder of Madonna House. 965:Pierce v. Society of Sisters 7: 5748:"Trump's Catholic Warriors" 5667:"Living the American Dream" 5119:"Election 2016: Exit Polls" 4576:Pew research, Sept 19, 2013 4369:Peddicord, Richard (1996). 4084:September 27, 2008, at the 3391: 2936:. She was elected again as 2886: 1646:Catholic Health Association 1438: 1030:The group started with the 881:United States Supreme Court 389:Catholics and urban America 10: 8250: 6767:History of the Roman Curia 6636:November 24, 2009, at the 6602:101#2 (2015) pp: 156–222. 6600:Catholic Historical Review 6127:National Catholic Reporter 5752:National Catholic Register 5646:. University of Notre Dame 5461:Philadelphia Media Network 4916:"The Equality Act | USCCB" 4829:National Catholic Reporter 4555:. Gallup.com. May 15, 2009 4532:National Catholic Reporter 4324:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 4129:American Communist History 3896:Immigrants and Immigration 3780:"A Past Without a Future?" 3577:February 26, 2006, at the 2893:the United States Congress 2022: 1965: 1933:—who describes himself as 1811:as well. Despite Catholic 1719:Archdiocese of Los Angeles 1566:National Catholic Reporter 1442: 1299:In September 2016, Bishop 1260: 1101: 994: 927: 829: 367:6th congressional district 8171: 8077: 7960: 7888: 7788: 7654: 7581: 7516: 7503:European wars of religion 7400: 7335: 7237: 7159: 7050: 6973: 6833: 6822: 6814:Eastern Catholic Churches 6689: 6145:Christian Science Monitor 5844:. Los Angeles, California 5094:"President: Full Results" 4414:QPE Working Paper 2024-59 4038:, v41 n2 p36-37 Sum 2001. 4030:October 29, 2008, at the 3473:Christianity and politics 3020:, a practicing Catholic. 1897:, who chose the Catholic 1513:Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger 1043:and stake out a neutral, 759: 656: 651: 554:Less Confessional German 543:French Canadian Catholics 486: 468: 393:The role of Catholics in 305:evangelical Protestantism 8204:Catholicism and politics 7634:Mary of the Divine Heart 7257:Clash against the empire 7209:Second Council of Nicaea 7103:Old St. Peter's Basilica 6548:Prendergast, William B. 6343:This section includes a 6310:Prendergast, William B. 6210:This section includes a 5181:Rice, Arnold S. (1972). 4053:"Divini illius magistri" 3877:. United States Congress 3808:. United States Congress 3539: 3283:Ann McLaughlin Korologos 1575:University of Notre Dame 1563:Michael Humphrey of the 1173:Catholic social teaching 1165:Catholic Worker Movement 1143: 1041:Catholic social teaching 997:Catholic Worker Movement 991:Catholic Worker Movement 131:in domestic affairs and 129:liberal policy positions 83:have been active in the 7900:Vatican City portal 7252:Investiture Controversy 7108:First Council of Nicaea 6513:McAndrews, Lawrence J. 6479:excerpt and text search 6372:more precise citations. 6239:more precise citations. 5868:Congressional Quarterly 5375:March 21, 2008, at the 5096:. CNN. November 7, 2012 4824:"Mahony on immigration" 4642:. The Associated Press. 3380:during his term at the 3378:Christ Church Cathedral 2018: 1961: 816:Source: Paul Kleppner, 411:Great Famine of Ireland 165:man-made climate change 111:Catholics were solidly 8124:Importance of religion 7912:Catholicism portal 7723:Second Vatican Council 7609:Our Lady of La Salette 7416:Protestant Reformation 7403:Protestant Reformation 7322:Second Council of Lyon 6711:Ecclesiastical history 6565:Smith, Gregory Allen. 6466:Green, John Clifford. 4691:. September 28, 2016. 3752:. Pew Research Center. 3443:Anti-abortion movement 2037: 1980: 1957:Presidential elections 1913:Obama and Biden faced 1670:Cardinal Raymond Burke 1515:, then-prefect of the 1465:anti-abortion movement 1234: 1008: 988: 979:Divini illius magistri 442: 338: 7619:First Vatican Council 7317:First Council of Lyon 7081:Constantine the Great 6777:Christian monasticism 6610:US Catholic Historian 6510:42.4 (2003): 591–604. 6473:Heineman, Kenneth J. 6417:Jewish Social Studies 6408:(Beacon Press, 1949) 6062:"Catch a Rising Star" 6050:Lewis, 33-34, 609-10. 5218:on September 11, 2007 4896:. CNN. March 29, 2006 4866:National Public Radio 4836:on September 27, 2007 4716:The Associated Press 4309:on December 31, 2008. 4288:(September 20, 2016). 4191:on September 27, 2008 4059:on September 23, 2010 4051:(December 31, 1929). 3503:Political Catholicism 2978:Edward Douglass White 2942:House Minority Leader 2032: 1975: 1715:Cardinal Roger Mahony 1443:Further information: 1288:In January 2016, the 1211: 1039:, created to promote 1004: 983: 830:Further information: 437: 334: 167:is caused by burning 7954:Religions by country 7796:Sexual abuse scandal 7705:Mit brennender Sorge 7548:Age of Enlightenment 7327:Bernard of Clairvaux 7204:Byzantine Iconoclasm 7143:Council of Chalcedon 6923:Council of Jerusalem 6792:Role in civilization 6772:Religious institutes 6704:By country or region 6183:Indianapolis Monthly 6111:. September 2, 2013. 6066:Harvard Law Bulletin 5900:on February 18, 2012 5814:partners.nytimes.com 5612:"Not a Prodigal Son" 5589:Anchorage Daily News 5288:. December 14, 2020. 4332:. pp. 2357–2359 4286:Catholic News Agency 4105:on December 20, 2008 3533:Third Way (centrism) 3508:Religion in politics 3434:United States portal 3382:University of Oxford 3335:Biden administration 3163:adding missing items 3123:Evangelical Catholic 2954:Speaker of the House 2938:Speaker of the House 2934:Speaker of the House 2928:On January 4, 2007, 1935:evangelical Catholic 1871:mainline Protestants 1637:Obama administration 1624:In 1948, Archbishop 1481:Robert P. Casey, Sr. 1341:John Joseph O'Connor 1275:. It also published 1049:house of hospitality 826:Labor union movement 285:United States Senate 36:needs more complete 7624:Papal infallibility 7614:Our Lady of Lourdes 7563:Shimabara Rebellion 7407:Counter-Reformation 6425:Byrnes, Timothy A. 6129:. January 19, 2021. 6029:on October 21, 2010 5714:The Washington Post 5610:Caldwell, Deborah. 5434:The Washington Post 5314:Catalyst (magazine) 5162:DeGregorio, (1984). 5125:. November 8, 2016. 4507:. November 22, 2009 3747:"Faith on the Hill" 3606:Donald T. Critchlow 3289:, Hilda Solis, and 3083:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 3066:appointed Catholic 2956:from 2015 to 2019. 1941:chose the Catholic 1678:Pew Research Center 1327:Marriage and family 1189:United Auto Workers 1073:Republic of Ireland 347:American Revolution 189:in 2016, including 8102:Oriental Orthodoxy 8064:Lists of countries 7990:Oriental Orthodoxy 7669:Our Lady of Fátima 7458:Ignatius of Loyola 7382:Catherine of Siena 7350:Pope Boniface VIII 7169:Benedict of Nursia 7138:Council of Ephesus 6975:Ante-Nicene period 6928:Split with Judaism 6762:Crusading movement 6459:Graziano, Manlio. 6345:list of references 6212:list of references 5970:. January 12, 2019 5632:on April 18, 2010. 5489:Catholic Herald UK 5306:Hitchcock, James, 5153:Hostetler, (1998). 5123:The New York Times 4625:The New York Times 4592:The New York Times 4470:The New York Times 4358:. October 9, 2009. 4270:. January 6, 2016. 3468:Catholic Democrats 3406:Catholicism portal 3161:; you can help by 3136:Jacqueline Kennedy 3018:William J. Brennan 2091:Summary of results 2038: 1981: 1881:in the very close 1787:In his successful 1742:Transgender rights 1676:In addressing the 1635:In 2012, when the 1604:. You can help by 1305:Diocese of Phoenix 1235: 1123:. You can help by 1009: 893:Franklin Roosevelt 889:New Deal Coalition 674:Free Will Baptists 447:Third Party System 443: 339: 313:Jacqueline Kennedy 117:New Deal Coalition 8191: 8190: 8112:Latter-day Saints 8097:Eastern Orthodoxy 8030: 8029: 7985:Eastern Orthodoxy 7920: 7919: 7880:COVID-19 pandemic 7858:Pope Benedict XVI 7763:Pope John Paul II 7538:Pope Benedict XIV 7524:French Revolution 7508:Thirty Years' War 7498:Robert Bellarmine 7483:John of the Cross 7387:Pope Alexander VI 7372:Council of Vienne 7302:Francis of Assisi 7292:Pope Innocent III 7161:Early Middle Ages 7155: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7093:Arian controversy 7046: 7045: 6994:Apostolic Fathers 6545:pp 244–66, 345-66 6527:Moore, Edmund A. 6487:Hennesey, James. 6470:(Greenwood, 2007) 6449:Flynn, George Q. 6419:(1964): 169–178. 6398: 6397: 6390: 6303:Morris, Charles. 6265: 6264: 6257: 6015:Fairchild, Mary. 5952:. March 18, 2011. 5874:on March 10, 2009 5841:Los Angeles Times 5212:American Rhetoric 5192:978-0-8383-1427-2 5045:978-0-87840-724-8 4981:978-1-58901-215-8 4803:on April 21, 2007 4766:(February 2008). 4454:By Ziad W. Munson 4382:978-1-55612-759-5 4236:Catholic Online. 4217:on April 15, 2009 4023:Howard, J. Paul. 3986:May 29, 2001, at 3581:, Catholicism USA 3488:Identity politics 3374:Church of England 3363:Jennifer Granholm 3361:(Education), and 3279:James P. Mitchell 3237:Robert F. Kennedy 3233:J. Howard McGrath 3221:Charles Bonaparte 3179: 3178: 3087:Amy Coney Barrett 2879: 2878: 2085:electoral college 1925:the Republicans' 1917:and the Catholic 1821:George H. W. Bush 1813:Geraldine Ferraro 1791:campaign against 1759:Party affiliation 1682:Charles J. Chaput 1666:Pope John Paul II 1622: 1621: 1546:, unjust war and 1424:Patrick J. Conroy 1301:Thomas J. Olmsted 1141: 1140: 1092:Catherine Doherty 812: 811: 569:English Canadians 246:Geraldine Ferraro 177:throwaway culture 157:same-sex marriage 77: 76: 69: 8241: 8182:Lists by country 8057: 8050: 8043: 8034: 8033: 7947: 7940: 7933: 7924: 7923: 7910: 7909: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7875:Patriarch Kirill 7748:Pope John Paul I 7553:Anti-clericalism 7533:Pope Innocent XI 7453:Society of Jesus 7438:Council of Trent 7392:Age of Discovery 7337:Late Middle Ages 7239:High Middle Ages 7229:East–West Schism 7113:Pope Sylvester I 7059: 7058: 7048: 7047: 6958:General epistles 6953:Pauline epistles 6886:John the Baptist 6869:Great Commission 6831: 6830: 6782:Catholic culture 6672: 6665: 6658: 6649: 6648: 6583:Zeitz, Joshua M. 6432:Casey, Shaun A. 6393: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6368:this section by 6359:inline citations 6338: 6337: 6330: 6260: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6240: 6235:this section by 6226:inline citations 6205: 6204: 6197: 6187: 6186: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6147:. March 1, 2021. 6137: 6131: 6130: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6034: 6025:. Archived from 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5799: 5792: 5786: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5705: 5699: 5696:Douglas Brinkley 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5673:on April 3, 2007 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5628:. Archived from 5626:"JK hotel needs" 5622: 5616: 5615: 5614:. beliefnet.com. 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5591:. April 11, 1981 5581: 5575: 5574: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5534:"GPO-CRECB-1933" 5530: 5524: 5523: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5495:on April 3, 2019 5481: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5407: 5401: 5389:Paulson, Michael 5386: 5380: 5367: 5361: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5332:Kentucky New Era 5323: 5317: 5303: 5290: 5289: 5278: 5272: 5265: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5214:. Archived from 5203: 5197: 5196: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5065: 5059: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5029: 5016: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4969: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4893:American Morning 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4868:. March 29, 2006 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4832:. 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Archived from 4045: 4039: 4036:Education Canada 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4005: 4001:"GPO-CRECB-1933" 3997: 3991: 3979:Terry Matthews: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3933: 3928:Steven P. Erie, 3926: 3920: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3775: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3718: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3651:. June 24, 2015. 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3619: 3613: 3603: 3597: 3588: 3582: 3569: 3553: 3550: 3448:Anti-Catholicism 3436: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3245:Alberto Gonzales 3174: 3171: 3153: 3152: 3146: 3093:Executive branch 3040:George H.W. Bush 3014:Francis Spellman 2102: 2101: 1801:Reagan Democrats 1755:in federal law. 1731:Dianne Feinstein 1708:lapsed Catholics 1705: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1617: 1614: 1596: 1589: 1393:Rudolph Giuliani 1269:Catholic Answers 1247:assisted suicide 1241:, abortion, the 1136: 1133: 1115: 1108: 960:US Supreme Court 956:Walter M. Pierce 847:Terence Powderly 842:Knights of Labor 832:Knights of Labor 712:Regular Baptists 466: 465: 416:anti-Catholicism 395:American culture 351:Founding Fathers 343:American history 72: 65: 61: 58: 52: 29: 28: 21: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8186: 8167: 8073: 8061: 8031: 8026: 7956: 7951: 7921: 7916: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7884: 7806:World Youth Day 7784: 7773:World Youth Day 7717:Pacem in terris 7711:Pope John XXIII 7650: 7577: 7568:Edict of Nantes 7526: 7522: 7512: 7478:Teresa of Ávila 7473:Tridentine Mass 7409: 7405: 7396: 7377:Knights Templar 7331: 7233: 7189:Gregorian chant 7147: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7054: 7042: 6969: 6838: 6826: 6818: 6685: 6683:Catholic Church 6676: 6638:Wayback Machine 6622: 6612:(1987): 25–49. 6595: 6541:(2nd ed. 2007) 6402:Blanshard, Paul 6394: 6383: 6377: 6374: 6363: 6349:related reading 6339: 6335: 6328: 6326:Further reading 6261: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6230: 6216:related reading 6206: 6202: 6195: 6190: 6175: 6171: 6156: 6152: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6077: 6073: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6032: 6030: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5927: 5924:Washington Post 5918: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5806: 5802: 5793: 5789: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5729: 5706: 5702: 5692:Townsend Hoopes 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5520:Huffington Post 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5465: 5463: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5436:. July 18, 2016 5428: 5427: 5423: 5408: 5404: 5387: 5383: 5377:Wayback Machine 5368: 5364: 5354:James F. Byrnes 5344: 5340: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5304: 5293: 5286:Washington Post 5280: 5279: 5275: 5266: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5179: 5175: 5171:Lichtman (1979) 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5117: 5116: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5030: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5005: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4770: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4651: 4647: 4636: 4632: 4617: 4613: 4606:"Birth Control" 4604: 4603: 4599: 4584: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4406: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4367: 4363: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4321: 4314: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4279: 4275: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4248:on June 6, 2011 4242:Catholic Online 4234: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4125: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4086:Wayback Machine 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4046: 4042: 4032:Wayback Machine 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3944:Kleppner (1979) 3943: 3936: 3927: 3923: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3776: 3757: 3749: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3620: 3616: 3604: 3600: 3589: 3585: 3579:Wayback Machine 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3420:Politics portal 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3394: 3252:James Forrestal 3229:James McGranery 3206:James F. Byrnes 3202:James G. Blaine 3175: 3169: 3166: 3150: 3144: 3142:Cabinet members 3103:John F. Kennedy 3095: 3075:Brett Kavanaugh 3068:Sonia Sotomayor 3044:Clarence Thomas 3033:Anthony Kennedy 3000:Episcopalianism 2996:James F. Byrnes 2967: 2965: 2962: 2915:Edward Kavanagh 2897:Representatives 2889: 2884: 2120:Election Loser 2108:Election Winner 2093: 2065:John F. Kennedy 2046:John F. Kennedy 2034:John F. Kennedy 2027: 2021: 1970: 1964: 1959: 1939:Hillary Clinton 1877:versus 47% for 1852:George McGovern 1825:Michael Dukakis 1778:Michael Dukakis 1761: 1753:gender ideology 1744: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1689: 1658: 1626:Richard Cushing 1618: 1612: 1609: 1602:needs expansion 1587: 1502:excommunication 1485:Sargent Shriver 1451: 1441: 1416:Vincenzo Paglia 1409:Joseph W. Tobin 1385:Donald Carcieri 1329: 1265: 1259: 1206: 1197: 1146: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1121:needs expansion 1106: 1100: 1069:The Netherlands 1033:Catholic Worker 999: 993: 932: 926: 905: 876: 834: 828: 760:Southern Stock 657:Northern Stock 531:German Reformed 493:Irish Catholics 391: 336:Charles Carroll 329: 238:Sargent Shriver 214:John F. Kennedy 108:Catholic Europe 81:Catholic Church 79:Members of the 73: 62: 56: 53: 46: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8247: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8163:Zoroastrianism 8160: 8155: 8154: 8153: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8084: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8060: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8037: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8022:Zoroastrianism 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7972: 7967: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7950: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7927: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7902: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7803: 7798: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7708: 7701: 7696: 7694:Lateran Treaty 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7660: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7529: 7527: 7519:Baroque period 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7488:Peter Canisius 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7463:Francis Xavier 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7427:Exsurge Domine 7423: 7418: 7412: 7410: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7367:Pope Clement V 7364: 7363: 7362: 7360:Avignon Papacy 7355:Western Schism 7352: 7347: 7345:Thomas Aquinas 7341: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7243: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7199:Saint Boniface 7196: 7191: 7186: 7184:Pope Gregory I 7181: 7176: 7171: 7165: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7123:Biblical canon 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7077: 7075: 7056: 7052:Late antiquity 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6999:Pope Clement I 6989:Church Fathers 6986: 6980: 6978: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6845: 6843: 6828: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6750:Biblical canon 6745:Catholic Bible 6742: 6741: 6740: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6695: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6675: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6628: 6621: 6620:External links 6618: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6594: 6593:Historiography 6591: 6590: 6589: 6580: 6573: 6563: 6553: 6546: 6535: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6502: 6492: 6485: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6447: 6442:Cooney, John. 6440: 6430: 6423: 6413: 6396: 6395: 6353:external links 6342: 6340: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6273: 6268:Casey, Shaun. 6263: 6262: 6220:external links 6209: 6207: 6200: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6169: 6150: 6132: 6114: 6096: 6071: 6052: 6043: 6007: 5981: 5955: 5950:New York Times 5937: 5926:. July 5, 2016 5911: 5885: 5855: 5826: 5800: 5787: 5769: 5739: 5700: 5684: 5657: 5635: 5617: 5602: 5576: 5569: 5549: 5525: 5506: 5476: 5447: 5421: 5402: 5381: 5379:, Winter 2001. 5362: 5350:Sherman Minton 5338: 5318: 5291: 5273: 5241: 5237:New York Times 5229: 5198: 5191: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5107: 5082: 5060: 5051: 5044: 5017: 5008: 4994: 4980: 4954: 4932: 4907: 4879: 4847: 4814: 4787: 4755: 4730: 4721: 4718:April 22, 2006 4706: 4676: 4664: 4645: 4630: 4611: 4597: 4578: 4566: 4544: 4518: 4496: 4482: 4456: 4441: 4419: 4395: 4381: 4361: 4343: 4312: 4290: 4273: 4259: 4228: 4202: 4176: 4154: 4116: 4090: 4070: 4040: 4016: 3992: 3972: 3946: 3934: 3921: 3900: 3888: 3862: 3835:(3): 467–500. 3819: 3793: 3755: 3737: 3680: 3668:New York Times 3654: 3640: 3614: 3598: 3583: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3423: 3409: 3393: 3390: 3370:Pete Buttigieg 3359:Miguel Cardona 3355:Xavier Becerra 3302:Henry Cisneros 3217:Joseph McKenna 3213:Roger B. Taney 3194:Alexander Haig 3177: 3176: 3156: 3154: 3143: 3140: 3094: 3091: 3052:George W. Bush 3029:Antonin Scalia 3007:Sherman Minton 2982:Joseph McKenna 2974:Roger B. Taney 2963: 2961: 2958: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2780: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2388: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2258: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2154: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2092: 2089: 2023:Main article: 2020: 2017: 1966:Main article: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1879:George W. Bush 1817:Walter Mondale 1774:Greek Orthodox 1760: 1757: 1743: 1740: 1657: 1654: 1648:supported it. 1620: 1619: 1599: 1597: 1586: 1583: 1525:Charles Chaput 1521:Cardinal Burke 1440: 1437: 1397:Chris Christie 1381:Michael Steele 1328: 1325: 1261:Main article: 1258: 1255: 1213:U.S. President 1205: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1161:John P. Boland 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1118: 1116: 1102:Main article: 1099: 1096: 1057:United Kingdom 995:Main article: 992: 989: 928:Main article: 925: 922: 904: 901: 885:Roger B. Taney 883:was Catholic, 875: 872: 827: 824: 823: 822: 810: 809: 806: 803: 797: 796: 793: 790: 786: 785: 782: 779: 775: 774: 771: 768: 762: 761: 757: 756: 753: 750: 744: 743: 740: 737: 731: 730: 727: 724: 720: 719: 716: 713: 709: 708: 705: 702: 696: 695: 692: 689: 687:Congregational 683: 682: 679: 676: 670: 669: 666: 663: 659: 658: 654: 653: 649: 648: 645: 642: 633: 632: 629: 626: 619: 618: 615: 612: 605: 604: 601: 598: 589: 588: 585: 582: 578: 577: 574: 571: 565: 564: 561: 558: 551: 550: 547: 544: 540: 539: 536: 533: 527: 526: 523: 520: 516: 515: 512: 509: 502: 501: 498: 495: 489: 488: 484: 483: 480: 477: 471: 470: 390: 387: 375:Andrew Jackson 359:Daniel Carroll 355:First Congress 328: 325: 262:George W. Bush 163:declared that 133:anti-communism 75: 74: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8246: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8107:Protestantism 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8046: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7995:Protestantism 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7901: 7891: 7890: 7887: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7753:Mother Teresa 7751: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7679:Pope Pius XII 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7645:Rerum novarum 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7629:Pope Leo XIII 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599:United States 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7589:Pope Pius VII 7587: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7399: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7272:Scholasticism 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7247:Pope Urban II 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7023:Justin Martyr 7021: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6933:New Testament 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Commissioning 6894: 6893: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840:Apostolic Age 6836: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6726:Papal primacy 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6392: 6389: 6381: 6378:November 2019 6371: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6332: 6331: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6259: 6256: 6248: 6245:November 2019 6238: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6208: 6199: 6198: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6154: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6047: 6040: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6011: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5697: 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is 3155: 3148: 3147: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3132:Melania Trump 3130: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025:Ronald Reagan 3021: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2988:Pierce Butler 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2960:Supreme Court 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 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1554: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1493:Bob Casey Jr. 1490: 1489:Raymond Flynn 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1432:Bob Casey Jr. 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389:Sam Brownback 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Bob McDonnell 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:Rick Santorum 1358: 1357:Newt Gingrich 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1317:Timothy Dolan 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1264: 1257:Voting guides 1254: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1225:meeting with 1224: 1223:Melania Trump 1221: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1201: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1175:into action. 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1135: 1132:December 2009 1126: 1122: 1119:This section 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 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7297:Latin Empire 7267:Universities 7219:Pope Leo III 7086:Christianity 7071:state church 7063:Great Church 6864:Resurrection 6827:(30–325/476) 6824:Early Church 6809:Latin Church 6804:Papal States 6799:Vatican City 6609: 6599: 6585: 6576: 6566: 6556: 6549: 6538: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6505: 6495: 6488: 6474: 6467: 6460: 6450: 6443: 6433: 6426: 6416: 6405: 6384: 6375: 6364:Please help 6356: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6282:Dolan, Jay. 6276: 6269: 6251: 6242: 6231:Please help 6223: 6193:Bibliography 6182: 6172: 6163: 6153: 6144: 6135: 6126: 6117: 6109:Boston Globe 6108: 6099: 6084: 6074: 6065: 6055: 6046: 6038: 6031:. 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Secretary 3187: 3185:(1933-1940) 3183:James Farley 3180: 3167: 3127: 3096: 3079:Neil Gorsuch 3072: 3064:Barack Obama 3060:Samuel Alito 3056:John Roberts 3049: 3037: 3031:in 1986 and 3022: 3011: 3004: 2992:Frank Murphy 2986: 2971: 2968: 2930:Nancy Pelosi 2927: 2913: 2890: 2844: 2827: 2818: 2786: 2774: 2764: 2733: 2723: 2698: 2616: 2577: 2511: 2502: 2423: 2394: 2385: 2353: 2314: 2302: 2263: 2250: 2148: 2096: 2094: 2078: 2070: 2062: 2039: 2009:Rhode Island 1997: 1982: 1951: 1947: 1927:Donald Trump 1905:compared to 1895:Barack Obama 1868: 1844:Bill Clinton 1833: 1805:white ethnic 1793:Jimmy Carter 1786: 1782: 1762: 1748:Equality Act 1745: 1712: 1695: 1675: 1659: 1650: 1634: 1631: 1623: 1610: 1606:adding to it 1601: 1579: 1571:grave matter 1564: 1562: 1558:Thomas Tobin 1555: 1552: 1529: 1510: 1496: 1472: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1420:Blase Cupich 1405:James Martin 1391:. 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CNN.com. 5310:(June 2004) 5100:November 7, 4987:January 19, 4511:February 7, 4388:October 22, 4169:February 9, 3498:Latino vote 3351:Marty Walsh 3343:Deb Haaland 3341:(Defense), 3264:Chuck Hagel 3170:August 2020 2909:Republicans 2855:Democratic 2812:Republican 2771:Democratic 2730:Democratic 2689:Republican 2652:Republican 2613:Democratic 2574:Democratic 2537:Republican 2496:Republican 2459:Republican 2420:Democratic 2379:Republican 2340:Republican 2299:Democratic 2260:Democratic 2221:Republican 2184:Republican 2145:Democratic 2050:Protestants 1993:Prohibition 1915:Mitt Romney 1907:John McCain 1864:Robert Dole 1738:(S. 2611). 1656:Immigration 1629:the 1960s. 1506:Lucy Killea 1473:Roe v. Wade 1460:Roe v. 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