273:, even though the widow may have originally only been supposed to act as a placeholder for her dead husband and was only expected to serve for a brief period. The widows may have been selected to honor the deceased member, tap voters’ sympathy, or exploit name recognition to hold onto a seat while more conventional candidates prepared for the real campaign. It also may have helped some of the women grieve and make up for the sudden loss of income in a world where few worked outside the home. Among first-time candidates for the US House of Representatives from 1916 to 1993, 84% of the widows won, while only 14% of other women were victorious. The trend was strongest when women were rarer in politics; 35 of the 95 women who served in Congress through 1976 were congressional wives first. Political scientist
209:
following a vacancy created by the death or resignation of a sitting senator. Sometimes governors wish to run for the seat themselves in the next election but do not want to be accused of unfairness by arranging their own appointments in the interim. Also, sometimes they do not wish to be seen as
93:
are frequent a caretaker government may be installed temporarily while negotiations to form a new coalition take place. This usually occurs either immediately after an election in which there is no clear victor or if one coalition government collapses and a new one must be negotiated. Caretaker
85:
of government, the caretaker government is simply the incumbent government, which continues to operate in the interim period between the normal dissolution of parliament for the purpose of holding an election and the formation of a new government after the election results are known. Unlike in
268:
of politicians were often selected as caretakers to succeed their late husbands; in a phenomenon known as "widow’s succession." At the beginning of the 20th century, it was one of the most effective ways of getting women into
81:, or in the case when the house to which the government is responsible is dissolved, to be in place for an interim period until an election is held and a new government is formed. In this sense, in some countries which use a
36:
that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it consists of either randomly selected
94:
governments are expected to handle daily issues and prepare budgets for discussion, but are not expected to produce a government platform or introduce controversial bills.
1610:
197:
are individuals who fill seats in government temporarily without ambitions to continue to hold office on their own. This is particularly true with regard to
1825:
917:
277:
wrote that "statistically, at least, for women aspiring to serve in
Congress, the best husband has been a dead husband." Academics Lisa Solowiej and
1699:
1624:
315:
The following is a list of individuals who have been considered caretaker (or provisional or interim) heads of state or heads of government:
999:
1861:
1839:
526:
544:
181:
1131:
1040:
857:
573:
1596:
1570:
1299:
659:
1735:
1376:
583:
548:
1773:
1437:
1284:
1237:
932:
122:
1169:
1091:
631:
117:
432:
186:
Heads of caretaker governments are often referred to as a "caretaker" head, for example "caretaker prime minister".
1404:
621:
143:
138:
1313:
1223:
971:
569:
1253:
1903:
1898:
1095:
907:
641:
446:
416:
127:
1506:
1081:
611:
225:, or other senior adviser to the position, as a reward for service or to boost their résumé. Examples include
61:. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate
1555:
1390:
1209:
957:
953:
552:
496:
486:
1524:
718:
587:
466:
731:
651:
502:
396:
376:
366:
330:
1361:
1268:
1009:
900:
776:
756:
695:
679:
48:
1434:, in law, a person acting in a position temporarily, not serving in the position on a permanent basis
1356:
1015:
853:
456:
1418:
1330:
1319:
786:
712:
706:
597:
346:
202:
154:
1661:
1543:
1480:
1190:
1116:
843:
762:
607:
300:
78:
1611:"How do states fill vacancies in the U.S. Senate? It depends on the state - Pew Research Center"
462:
1454:
1185:
1111:
1101:
938:
522:
506:
472:
426:
270:
166:
102:
281:
called it "arguably the single most important historical method for women to enter
Congress."
1693:
1155:
655:
392:
372:
324:
304:
177:
295:
and most other
English-speaking countries, the more widely accepted term in this context is
113:
Many countries are administered by a caretaker government during election periods, such as:
86:
ordinary times, the caretaker government's activities are limited by custom and convention.
1739:
1449:
1443:
995:
890:
829:
685:
442:
436:
356:
198:
132:
90:
41:
37:
1642:
1243:
8:
1893:
1305:
1215:
1066:
752:
386:
340:
1802:
402:
217:
In some cases, appointment of a caretaker is an opportunity for a
Governor to appoint a
1681:
839:
772:
725:
673:
406:
82:
62:
1326:
924:
284:
Nevertheless, this custom is rarely exercised today, as it could be viewed by some as
1685:
1382:
1260:
1056:
883:
579:
512:
452:
1673:
1346:
1123:
1032:
1022:
949:
819:
746:
617:
211:
1368:
1087:
482:
336:
1826:"Canada's top judge is now Governor General, but expert urges speedy replacement"
1073:
1026:
981:
702:
565:
422:
1760:
1569:
Sinha, Awanish; Lefton, Hartley; Iarusso, Amanda; Kanji, Adam (12 August 2021).
782:
1677:
1410:
1274:
1205:
977:
809:
799:
665:
647:
627:
593:
492:
278:
246:
242:
218:
101:
rule can be restored, or installed, in which case it is often referred to as a
214:
by picking someone who is apt to become an active candidate for the position.
1887:
1547:
1396:
1147:
987:
945:
738:
637:
234:
190:
74:
1507:"CARETAKER GOVERNMENT (noun) definition and synonyms - Macmillan Dictionary"
160:
1713:
1459:
1431:
1336:
1229:
1197:
1137:
1046:
1005:
873:
849:
412:
254:
238:
226:
1295:
1175:
863:
382:
274:
250:
230:
58:
1862:"Italy's Mattarella dissolves parliament, election set for 25 September"
1414:
1291:
1161:
963:
823:
813:
803:
766:
362:
258:
206:
53:
33:
1050:
967:
867:
352:
98:
1525:"CARETAKER GOVERNMENT - meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
97:
A caretaker government is often set up following a war until stable
51:
are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the
1625:"Widow's Succession: How Women First Gained a Foothold in Congress"
1372:
1350:
1340:
1309:
1264:
1247:
1233:
1219:
1179:
1127:
1105:
1036:
894:
877:
833:
689:
285:
210:
taking sides within a group of party factions or prejudicing of a
108:
1386:
1151:
1077:
1060:
991:
476:
222:
73:
Caretaker governments may be put in place when a government in a
1400:
1278:
1165:
1141:
928:
911:
742:
603:
292:
150:
29:
1662:"The Entrance of Women to the U.S. Congress: The Widow Effect"
1201:
265:
669:
516:
65:(electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions.
161:
Caretaker governments associated with wars or new regimes
1803:"Francisco Sagasti sworn in as interim Peruvian leader"
1643:"Widows of Bono, Capps Are on Well-Worn Path to Office"
1568:
1571:"What you need to know about the caretaker convention"
303:. In Italy, this kind of premier is the President of
1790:
Francisco
Sagasti is Peru's new caretaker president.
149:
Other countries that use similar mechanisms include
918:
Caretaker
Cabinet of Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou
1660:Solowiej, Brunell, Lisa, Thomas (September 2003).
1659:
1597:"Who is a caretaker Prime Minister? - Jaran Josh"
1885:
1552:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
310:
389:, especially second tenure in April – May 1974)
109:Caretaker governments associated with elections
479:, April – May 2012 and February – March 2024)
1698:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1541:
1840:"Government continues as acting government"
538:
57:, rather than truly govern and propose new
16:Type of provisional or temporary government
1823:
1629:United States Capitol Historical Society
545:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
182:List of appointed United States senators
1886:
1817:
1774:"Peru's uphill battle with corruption"
1728:
1706:
533:
333:, Regent of Finland in 1918–1919
327:, Regent of Finland in 1917–1918
1824:Slaughter, Graham (21 January 2021).
1761:Motlanthe: South Africa's safe hands
1736:"Soomro takes over as Pak President"
1377:2024 Portuguese legislative election
1438:Caretaker ministry (disambiguation)
1285:Caretaker Cabinet of Ioannis Sarmas
201:who are appointed to office by the
13:
123:Caretaker government of Bangladesh
14:
1915:
1535:
349:(Brazil, August – September 1961)
318:
257:as Senators, the latter two from
118:Caretaker government of Australia
1716:. Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2003
1405:2024 French legislative election
509:, September 2015 – January 2016)
144:Caretaker government of Pakistan
139:Caretaker government of Malaysia
1854:
1832:
1795:
1766:
1754:
1653:
1542:Hasanuzzaman, Al Masud (2012).
1481:"The caretaker regime's duties"
1314:2024 Pakistani general election
1224:2022 Malaysian general election
793:
570:Philippine Executive Commission
559:
449:, August 2008 – September 2009)
419:, December 1997 – January 1998)
44:members until their dismissal.
1635:
1617:
1603:
1589:
1562:
1517:
1499:
1473:
908:Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou
343:, October 1945 – January 1946)
189:Similarly, but chiefly in the
128:Caretaker government of Canada
1:
1714:"Profile of Mr. Wasim Sajjad"
1556:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1466:
1391:2024 Belgian federal election
311:List of caretaker individuals
171:
68:
1666:Political Research Quarterly
719:Qureshi caretaker government
519:, November 2020 – July 2021)
459:, September 2008 – May 2009)
7:
1763:BBC News, 25 September 2008
1511:www.macmillandictionary.com
1425:
732:Mazari caretaker government
728:(Pakistan, Apr – May 1993)
715:(Pakistan, Jul – Oct 1993)
503:Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre
439:, June 2005 – January 2006)
409:, June 1993 – October 1994)
331:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
135:, a Dutch caretaker cabinet
10:
1920:
1678:10.1177/106591290305600304
1550:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1362:Second Glavchev Government
1269:2023 Thai general election
901:Khoso caretaker government
696:Jatoi caretaker government
680:Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani
429:, January 2002 – May 2003)
175:
164:
49:representative democracies
1357:First Glavchev Government
1016:Mulk caretaker government
47:Caretaker governments in
1529:dictionary.cambridge.org
1353:, April 2024 – present)
1320:Kakar caretaker ministry
789:, first term, 1999–2000)
713:Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi
634:, Nov 1966 – April 1967)
539:19th century and earlier
499:, February – March 2012)
347:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
77:system is defeated in a
1343:, February – June 2024)
1254:Cabinet of Ä˝udovĂt Ă“dor
1191:Second Donev Government
1117:Second Yanev Government
1063:, Jun 2019 – Jan 2020)
1053:, 2020, Mar – Apr 2024)
763:Muhammad Habibur Rahman
399:, February – July 1977)
79:motion of no confidence
1544:"Caretaker Government"
1455:Provisional government
1240:, Dec 2022 – May 2023)
1186:First Donev Government
1182:(Aug 2022 – Jun 2023)
1112:First Yanev Government
939:63rd cabinet of Turkey
779:, Nov 1996 – Feb 1997)
682:(Iran, Sep – Oct 1981)
529:, January – July 2021)
199:United States senators
167:Provisional government
103:provisional government
1904:Caretaker governments
1899:Political terminology
1440:, in British politics
393:Basappa Danappa Jatti
379:, July – August 1969)
373:Mohammad Hidayatullah
325:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
305:Government of Experts
91:coalition governments
38:members of parliament
1740:Press Trust of India
1450:Lame duck (politics)
1444:Demissionary cabinet
891:Mir Hazar Khan Khoso
830:Muhammad Mian Soomro
686:Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
568:(as Chairman of the
469:, April – July 2010)
463:Bronisław Komorowski
443:Muhammad Mian Soomro
133:Demissionary cabinet
21:caretaker government
1577:. McCarthy TĂ©trault
1554:(Second ed.).
1462:, in Dutch politics
1446:, in Dutch politics
1306:Anwaar ul Haq Kakar
1216:Ismail Sabri Yaakob
1082:since February 2021
1067:Bierlein government
1000:Oct 2017–March 2018
759:, March – Dec 1994)
709:, first term, 1992)
534:Heads of government
1805:. 16 November 2020
1780:. 17 November 2020
1649:. 26 January 1998.
1281:, May – Jun 2023)
1250:, May – Oct 2023)
1012:, Jun – Aug 2018)
914:, Aug – Sep 2015)
897:, Mar – Jun 2013)
880:, Mar – May 2013)
840:Madhav Kumar Nepal
773:Malik Meraj Khalid
726:Balakh Sher Mazari
692:, Aug – Nov 1990)
489:, May – June 2010)
369:, May – July 1969)
178:Widow's succession
83:Westminster system
23:, also known as a
1842:. 24 October 2017
1647:Los Angeles Times
1383:Alexander De Croo
1261:Prayut Chan-o-cha
1158:, Oct – Dec 2021)
1144:, Sep – Oct 2021)
1108:(May – Dec 2021)
1057:Brigitte Bierlein
884:Raykov Government
870:, Jan – Mar 2011)
747:April – July 1994
600:, Nov – Dec 1946)
580:Winston Churchill
513:Francisco Sagasti
453:Kgalema Motlanthe
433:Eduardo RodrĂguez
279:Thomas L. Brunell
89:In systems where
27:, is a temporary
1911:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1742:. 18 August 2008
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1347:Dimitar Glavchev
1124:Muhyiddin Yassin
1033:Mahathir Mohamad
1023:Oliver Spasovski
820:Fakhruddin Ahmed
624:, 1964 and 1966)
618:Gulzarilal Nanda
403:Émile Jonassaint
221:, party leader,
212:primary election
25:caretaker regime
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1691:
1690:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:. 5 April 2022.
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1575:www.mccarthy.ca
1567:
1563:
1540:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1428:
1327:Élisabeth Borne
1238:Heger's Cabinet
1074:Min Aung Hlaing
1027:North Macedonia
982:North Macedonia
925:Ahmet DavutoÄźlu
796:
703:Waldemar Pawlak
588:May – July 1945
566:Jorge B. Vargas
562:
551:, second term,
541:
536:
423:Eduardo Duhalde
321:
313:
184:
174:
169:
163:
111:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1917:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1880:
1879:
1868:. 21 July 2022
1853:
1831:
1816:
1794:
1778:Deutsche Welle
1765:
1753:
1727:
1705:
1672:(3): 283–292.
1652:
1634:
1616:
1602:
1588:
1561:
1548:Islam, Sirajul
1534:
1516:
1498:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:2024 – present
1411:Muhammad Yunus
1408:
1394:
1380:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1303:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1275:Ioannis Sarmas
1272:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1241:
1227:
1213:
1206:Draghi Cabinet
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1173:
1159:
1145:
1135:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1099:
1085:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1054:
1044:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1003:
985:
978:Emil Dimitriev
975:
961:
943:
942:
941:
933:Aug – Nov 2015
922:
921:
920:
905:
904:
903:
888:
887:
886:
871:
861:
847:
837:
827:
817:
810:Iajuddin Ahmed
807:
800:Latifur Rahman
795:
792:
791:
790:
780:
770:
760:
753:Jozef MoravÄŤĂk
750:
736:
735:
734:
723:
722:
721:
710:
700:
699:
698:
683:
677:
666:Mehdi Bazargan
663:
648:Malcolm Fraser
645:
635:
628:Jelle Zijlstra
625:
615:
604:General Ne Win
601:
594:Vincent Auriol
591:
584:United Kingdom
577:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:Nov – Dec 1834
549:United Kingdom
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
523:Richard Wagner
520:
510:
500:
493:Horst Seehofer
490:
480:
470:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
410:
400:
390:
380:
370:
360:
350:
344:
334:
328:
320:
319:Heads of state
317:
312:
309:
301:interim leader
247:Jeffrey Chiesa
243:Chris Christie
219:chief of staff
173:
170:
165:Main article:
162:
159:
147:
146:
141:
136:
130:
125:
120:
110:
107:
70:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1916:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1695:
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1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1613:. 3 May 2022.
1612:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1487:. 31 May 2018
1486:
1482:
1476:
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1461:
1458:
1456:
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1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
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1436:
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1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:Gabriel Attal
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:AntĂłnio Costa
1367:
1363:
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1355:
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1214:
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1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
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1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:Angela Merkel
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
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1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Stefan Löfven
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:February 2020
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Angela Merkel
986:
983:
979:
976:
973:
969:
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253:appointing
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245:appointing
237:appointing
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229:appointing
155:New Zealand
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1894:Government
1888:Categories
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1720:16 January
1467:References
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