25:
1604:
2502:
438:
385:
linguistic island). Indeed, Canzo has characteristics of conservation and authenticity otherwise absent in this geographic area, historically much innovative. For this reason it can be said that Canzés dialect – while preserving, in some of its registers, peculiar local features – is the reference
1406:
Canzés, even if it has a consistent heritage of oral and written literature, besides high importance for the local identity, does not have an official recognition, so it is getting uncommon in young generations. Western
Lombard has a general recognition, but none from State.
1399:, in the second case from the neighbouring villages. It can be said that every joint family has own dialect of Canzés because, until the half of 20th century, every joint family was very united and isolated in the
1545:
1549:
1185:
before consonant is usually aspirated. There are many phenomena of assimilation or adaptation, caused by meeting of two words, especially in crashes of consonants. In the word
1507:
342:, Canzés has a broader variety of stylistic registers, from peasant style to courtly style. Because Canzo is in the northernmost zone of the
373:
has been chosen as the only linguistic tracing point of a very large area, including not only the entire macro-Brianza, but also the entire
1647:
1592:
913:
is pronounced closed; the open pronunciation is an allophone by analogy, when the vowel is unstressed and in another dialect there is
2063:
1570:
1521:
2309:
1391:
There are variants also within the borough, according to the social class and the zone, for influence in the first case from
872:
1796:
2832:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
1262:, not applying the circumflex accent but the redoubling of long vowels, or the redoubling of consonant for short vowels.
971:
708:
254:
1848:
880:
1618:
2854:
68:
46:
39:
1585:
656:
604:
2162:
1738:
926:
796:
630:
382:
244:
825:
802:
662:
610:
366:
902:
850:
811:
643:
636:
591:
1194:
1190:
1170:
1162:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1029:
have a very weak sound, almost semivocalic. There are also vowel allophones as and , and (both written
1022:
994:
986:
940:
920:
914:
910:
896:
892:
886:
866:
862:
1578:
834:
767:
1281:, that have histories of several centuries. An important role of Canzés and other local languages is in
2365:
1954:
964:
535:
1600:
2178:
1687:
1550:
AIS - Atlante linguistico ed etnografico dell'Italia e della
Svizzera meridionale. Punti di inchiesta
1013:) with abbreviation of the vowel. There are no geminate consonants in words, excepting half-geminate
934:
932:
924:
900:
878:
870:
773:
649:
597:
139:
124:
2444:
2435:
1840:
1561:
1546:
AIS - Atlante linguistico ed etnografico dell'Italia e della
Svizzera meridionale. Esempio di mappa
1541:
782:
550:
169:
33:
2604:
2589:
2375:
2283:
2140:
2017:
1820:
567:
541:
406:
283:
149:
144:
134:
114:
2730:
2647:
2562:
2370:
2080:
473:
50:
2793:
2642:
2146:
1989:
1786:
1248:
698:
684:
556:
505:
496:
463:
174:
2112:
1564:. Only a few individual registrations have been made in the cities of Como, Monza and Milan.
1485:
365:(1928–1940) and in the Acoustic Vivarium of Italian Languages and Dialects (VivALDI) of the
2637:
2614:
2385:
2245:
2199:
1940:
573:
514:
362:
158:
2539:
2531:
2052:
1639:
1623:
8:
2584:
2545:
2289:
1935:
1768:
1743:
1256:
622:
581:
2719:
2266:
2044:
939:
as allophones by analogy, when the vowel is unstressed and in another dialect there is
386:
variety for a study of the most archaic elements of the most prestigious variant of the
357:
In the
Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland (AIS) of the
2571:
2380:
2330:
1927:
1918:
1904:
1722:
1667:
1608:
521:
468:
458:
422:
358:
1493:
2724:
2714:
2706:
2632:
2522:
2452:
2421:
2408:
2399:
2344:
2338:
2323:
2169:
2107:
2089:
1995:
1971:
1894:
1867:
1853:
1825:
1776:
1753:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1489:
478:
378:
129:
2192:
2003:
250:
2463:
2317:
2259:
2238:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2132:
1981:
1963:
1873:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1704:
1696:
1671:
1659:
1511:
1416:
1240:
733:
391:
387:
374:
351:
164:
154:
119:
2798:
2779:
2749:
2697:
2678:
2594:
2470:
2296:
2185:
2102:
2097:
2057:
2026:
1663:
1178:
1046:
790:
674:
490:
483:
106:
2785:
2661:
2624:
2609:
2457:
2416:
2252:
1758:
1748:
1714:
1655:
819:
529:
2848:
2754:
2683:
2670:
2599:
2477:
2034:
1651:
1635:
1396:
1228:
1154:
749:
339:
335:
307:
279:
2804:
2579:
2507:
1781:
1516:
729:
426:
311:
2812:
1675:
1419:
as union of
Western Lombard, Eastern Lombard and intermediate varieties.
1236:
1006:
761:
744:
2122:
1859:
1412:
1370:-La févar quartana, i giùin ja rissana, a i vècc la fà sunà la campana.
842:
754:
302:
Canzés is spoken by approximately 2000 people in and near the town of
1899:
1498:
1199:
1014:
429:, as did the languages of later Spanish, French and Austrian rulers.
229:
217:
985:
Phonetically, it is evident, for example, the predominance of vowel
2229:
1392:
1286:
1244:
1232:
1158:
1002:
414:
410:
347:
327:
262:
2759:
2275:
1830:
1815:
1503:
1282:
1266:
343:
258:
2117:
1484:
1408:
1372:-Vàr püssée un póo da fedascia che tüt al lègn da la barcascia.
1278:
1274:
1224:
1358:-Mèj un rat in buca a 'l gat che un cristian in man a l'aucat.
1352:-Se piööf al dì da l'Ascensa, per quaranta dì sèm minga sénza.
1603:
370:
331:
323:
319:
303:
291:
287:
97:
1360:-Gh'è tré qualità da dònn: i dònn, i dindònn e i dirlindònn.
1350:-I pruèrbi végnan a taj perchè gh'ànn metüü céent ann a faj.
1235:
literatures (born in the 13th century), it is used a simple
402:
The language descends from Latin with some influence from a
1270:
418:
403:
315:
885:
respectively as allophones, when stressed and followed by
297:
261:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1297:
There are some examples of written and oral literature.
437:
346:, Canzés preserves lexical archaisms better than modern
1465:
Parlate e dialetti della
Lombardia. Lessico comparato
1177:), that, like other rounded consonants also in other
1025:. The final consonants are always voiceless. Written
2497:
1362:-La man ca la fà nà la cüna la tégn in pée 'l muunt.
1308:
la gèma, 'l fiuur, la pel quan la lassa 'l sambiòch;
980:
1285:, often derived from Celtic words, and traditional
417:, and Orobi (local populations already merged with
409:due to the original inhabitants of the region, the
1508:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1376:-O da castan o da nuus, ognidün gh'à la sua cruus.
1364:-La buca l'è minga straca sa la sà minga da vaca.
1312:la casciada, al can, la brusaröla, un bel castel;
1223:In the little written literature, almost totally
2846:
2530:
1374:-Céent cóo, céent crap; céent cüü, düséent ciap.
1326:al tiir da corda, l'ua, 'l büsulott e i rampitt,
1189:, trousers, the adesinential plural, the use of
1306:I radìis, la bruchina, al töri, i föj, i broch,
1366:-Chi mangia la gaìna di òltar, impégna la sua.
1314:al pedegagn, al cantìir, la manüela, 'l fioch,
1181:varieties, change to when unstressed. Letter
350:, and has changed less under the influence of
2443:
1586:
1310:vangàch in giir, desà, insidì e 'l so curtel,
1239:, adherent to the pronunciation and based on
2669:
1478:
1446:, 2003–2007 (in particular n° 9bis of 2006).
1368:-Chi sà 'l latin, lòda l'aqua e béef al vin.
1334:Dìsan che i radìs ànn da sentì l'Ave Maria:
1328:al cürlu, i piantun, al cubiètt, i caenitt.
1320:la sügüür, la filipa, la folc e 'l resegun;
1593:
1579:
1515:
1332:tra là e fa nà i legn dopu vej purtaa fö.
441:Worning written in Canzes dialect :
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1926:
1336:forzi anca in quel gh'è un poo da magìa.
1330:Stimà un busch in pée, cercàn vün da tö,
1324:al caspi, la méda, purtaj sü in cassina;
1322:la taca, 'l grup, i recàsc e la fassina,
1265:The wide oral literature is composed by
436:
32:This article includes a list of general
2407:
1458:Grammatica dei dialetti della Lombardia
1444:Al Cadreghin - gazetin di bagaj da Canz
736:syllables the contrast is neutralized.
334:. Its lexicon is partially shared with
326:, but it also shares similarities with
298:Historical and Cultural Characteristics
255:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2847:
1318:i tap, la bura, al bigèl e 'l sguasùn,
1574:
1562:Hu-Berlin. Vivaldi/Syntaktischer Teil
1403:(the local kind of courtyard) world.
1316:trepà la sciuca, sbrucà e trà a toch;
732:vowels in stressed syllables, but in
397:
1542:Hu-Berlin. Vivaldi/Ortsinformationen
1494:"Glottolog 4.8 - Piemontese-Lombard"
18:
13:
1769:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1005:nasalization of vowel, there is a
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2866:
1227:, bloomed in the 1970s basing on
981:Comparison with related languages
970:
963:
849:
833:
824:
810:
801:
795:
781:
772:
766:
707:
683:
661:
655:
648:
642:
635:
629:
609:
603:
596:
590:
572:
566:
555:
549:
540:
534:
520:
513:
504:
495:
2500:
1619:Historical linguistic minorities
1602:
1492:; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10).
1354:-A San Bastian, la viöla in man.
330:because of historical ties with
23:
16:Western Lombard dialect of Italy
1524:from the original on 2023-10-29
1451:Proverbi e modi di dire Lariani
1422:
1161:varieties. Syllables closed by
1153:, whetstone) as to many others
2826:
1555:
1535:
1:
1471:
1218:
947:
943:or a back vowel respectively.
448:
367:Humboldt University of Berlin
432:
338:. In comparison with common
7:
1437:Librett da la Festa di Nost
1292:
1145:are inverted (for example:
286:) spoken in the commune of
10:
2871:
2366:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1849:Central-Southern Calabrian
1356:-Ambo laurà, tèrno sügütà.
1033:) and more open (written
306:. It is similar to common
2772:
2742:
2705:
2696:
2660:
2623:
2570:
2561:
2521:
2517:
2495:
2434:
2398:
2356:
2308:
2179:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
2131:
2088:
2079:
2043:
2025:
2016:
1980:
1962:
1953:
1917:
1885:
1839:
1767:
1731:
1713:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1615:
1001:). In Canzés, instead of
993:), instead of unstressed
723:
241:
227:
215:
210:
103:
93:
88:
83:
2855:Western Lombard language
1045:), in addition to basic
1021:), that never change to
728:Contrasts exist between
1739:Central-Northern Latian
1169:, often change it with
312:varieties of Vallassina
284:Western Lombard dialect
53:more precise citations.
2371:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2163:Bustocco and Legnanese
1517:10.5281/zenodo.7398962
1386:
1384:
1347:
1197:, the conservation of
445:
243:This article contains
2794:Italian Sign Language
2743:Other German dialects
1886:Other Italo-Dalmatian
1348:
1299:
440:
2246:Southwestern Lombard
1449:Gigliola Campiotti,
1304:, Festa di Nost 1993
989:or similar (written
907:as a rare allophone;
425:made an impact as a
359:Universities of Bern
2546:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1486:Hammarström, Harald
1341:Tiziano Corti, from
1165:and based on vowel
2381:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2357:Other Gallo-Italic
1609:Languages of Italy
1490:Haspelmath, Martin
1488:; Forkel, Robert;
446:
398:Historical origins
383:Bustocco-Legnanese
278:) is a variety of
2842:
2841:
2821:
2820:
2768:
2767:
2725:Southern Bavarian
2692:
2691:
2656:
2655:
2648:Triestine Serbian
2557:
2556:
2532:Arbëresh language
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2430:
2429:
2394:
2393:
2147:Brianzöö dialects
2075:
2074:
2012:
2011:
1949:
1948:
1913:
1912:
1463:Several authors,
1302:Tiritera di piant
1203:and the mutation
978:
977:
859:
858:
721:
720:
443:Only for children
375:provinces of Como
269:
268:
251:rendering support
247:phonetic symbols.
79:
78:
71:
2862:
2833:
2830:
2807:
2788:
2733:
2703:
2702:
2667:
2666:
2568:
2567:
2548:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2441:
2440:
2405:
2404:
2347:
2333:
2326:
2310:Emilian–Romagnol
2299:
2292:
2278:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2086:
2085:
2066:
2045:Franco-Provençal
2023:
2022:
1998:
1960:
1959:
1955:Occitano-Romance
1924:
1923:
1876:
1862:
1841:Extreme Southern
1810:
1705:Regional Italian
1693:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1640:Franco-Provençal
1607:
1606:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1519:
1482:
1456:Andrea Rognoni,
1417:Lombard language
1395:and from common
1382:
1345:
1196:
1192:
1172:
1164:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1117:when variant of
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1041:when variant of
1024:
996:
988:
974:
967:
952:
951:
942:
938:
930:
922:
916:
912:
906:
898:
894:
888:
884:
876:
868:
864:
853:
837:
828:
814:
805:
799:
785:
776:
770:
739:
738:
711:
687:
665:
659:
652:
646:
639:
633:
613:
607:
600:
594:
576:
570:
559:
553:
544:
538:
524:
517:
508:
499:
453:
452:
392:Milanese dialect
388:Lombard language
381:(except for the
220:
109:
81:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2803:
2784:
2764:
2750:Austrian German
2738:
2729:
2688:
2679:Calabrian Greek
2652:
2619:
2605:Natisone Valley
2590:Inner Carniolan
2553:
2544:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2485:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2426:
2390:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2329:
2322:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2284:Eastern Lombard
2274:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2145:
2141:Western Lombard
2127:
2071:
2062:
2039:
2008:
1994:
1976:
1945:
1909:
1887:
1881:
1872:
1858:
1835:
1821:Southern Latian
1806:
1787:Castelmezzanese
1763:
1727:
1709:
1678:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1442:Stefano Prina,
1428:Tiziano Corti,
1425:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1221:
1179:Western Lombard
1047:Western Lombard
983:
950:
726:
451:
435:
400:
300:
249:Without proper
216:
206:
170:Western Lombard
140:Western Romance
125:Latino-Faliscan
110:
107:Language family
105:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2868:
2858:
2857:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:Italian Hebrew
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:South Tyrolean
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2625:Serbo-Croatian
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2445:Rhaeto-Romance
2438:
2436:Rhaeto-Romance
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
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1765:
1764:
1762:
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1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1616:
1613:
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1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1554:
1534:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1435:Cumitaa F.N.,
1433:
1424:
1421:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1338:
1294:
1291:
1220:
1217:
982:
979:
976:
975:
968:
960:
959:
956:
949:
946:
945:
944:
918:
908:
890:
857:
856:
854:
847:
845:
839:
838:
831:
829:
822:
816:
815:
808:
806:
793:
787:
786:
779:
777:
764:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
730:long and short
725:
722:
719:
718:
716:
714:
712:
705:
703:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
688:
681:
679:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
653:
640:
627:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
601:
588:
586:
584:
578:
577:
564:
562:
560:
547:
545:
532:
526:
525:
518:
511:
509:
502:
500:
493:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
434:
431:
399:
396:
299:
296:
274:(also written
267:
266:
253:, you may see
239:
238:
233:
225:
224:
221:
213:
212:
211:Language codes
208:
207:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
113:
111:
104:
101:
100:
95:
94:Native to
91:
90:
86:
85:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2867:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2829:
2825:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
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2781:
2778:
2777:
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2771:
2761:
2758:
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2751:
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2732:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2671:Italiot Greek
2668:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Slavomolisano
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
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2564:
2560:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2498:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Judeo-Italian
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
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2321:
2320:
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2313:
2311:
2307:
2298:
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2287:
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2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Gallo-Romance
2015:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:Vivaro-Alpine
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1871:
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1866:
1861:
1857:
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1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
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1832:
1829:
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1824:
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1819:
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1814:
1809:
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1737:
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1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Italo-Romance
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1596:
1591:
1589:
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1563:
1558:
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1547:
1543:
1538:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1377:
1344:
1337:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1215:can be seen.
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1129:) and normal
1128:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
992:
973:
969:
966:
962:
961:
957:
954:
953:
936:
928:
919:
909:
904:
891:
882:
874:
861:
860:
855:
852:
848:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
832:
830:
827:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
809:
807:
804:
798:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
780:
778:
775:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:
737:
735:
731:
717:
715:
713:
710:
706:
704:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
691:
689:
686:
682:
680:
678:
676:
673:
672:
669:
667:
664:
658:
654:
651:
645:
641:
638:
632:
628:
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
615:
612:
606:
602:
599:
593:
589:
587:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
569:
565:
563:
561:
558:
552:
548:
546:
543:
537:
533:
531:
528:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
510:
507:
503:
501:
498:
494:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
454:
444:
439:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:
395:
393:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
240:
237:
234:
232:
231:
226:
222:
219:
214:
209:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:Gallo-Romance
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
135:Italo-Western
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:Indo-European
112:
108:
102:
99:
96:
92:
87:
82:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2011
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2828:
2805:Sinte Romani
2615:Torre Valley
2563:South Slavic
2508:Italy portal
2200:Vallassinese
2153:
2081:Gallo-Italic
1617:
1557:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1497:
1480:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1439:, 1988–2003.
1436:
1429:
1423:Bibliography
1405:
1400:
1390:
1349:
1342:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1264:
1258:
1257:semivocalic
1252:
1247:ones, using
1222:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1134:
1126:
1114:
1113:, sometimes
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1038:
1037:, sometimes
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1010:
998:
990:
984:
727:
474:Postalveolar
442:
427:superstratum
413:, Lambrani,
401:
369:(1998–2018)
356:
301:
275:
271:
270:
242:
235:
228:
179:
150:Gallo-Italic
65:
56:
37:
2813:Wenzhounese
2638:Montenegrin
2585:Gail Valley
2386:Piedmontese
2290:Bergamasque
1936:Campidanese
1777:Beneventano
1744:Marchigiano
1676:Wenzhounese
1544:: AIS 243;
1343:In ucasiun
1237:orthography
1007:velar nasal
699:Approximant
464:Labiodental
423:Langobardic
257:instead of
159:Piedmontese
51:introducing
2331:Parmigiano
2123:Tabarchino
2113:Monégasque
1941:Logudorese
1860:Manduriano
1723:Florentine
1528:2023-10-29
1472:References
1430:In ucasiun
1413:Ethnologue
1219:Literature
1137:). Vowels
948:Semivowels
734:unstressed
449:Consonants
407:substratum
34:references
2572:Slovenian
2422:Triestine
2359:languages
2345:Forlivese
2324:Bolognese
2170:Legnanese
2108:Intemelio
2053:Valdôtain
1996:Mentonasc
1972:Algherese
1928:Sardinian
1919:Sardinian
1905:Sassarese
1900:Gallurese
1888:languages
1854:Salentino
1826:Tarantino
1797:Cosentino
1754:Romanesco
1668:Sardinian
1499:Glottolog
1415:consider
1287:gentilics
1251:, letter
1249:diaeresis
1173:(written
1133:(written
1125:(written
1109:(written
1101:(written
1093:(written
1085:(written
1077:(written
1069:(written
1061:(written
1053:(written
1017:(written
1015:affricate
1009:(written
997:(written
791:Close-mid
623:Fricative
582:Affricate
433:Phonology
310:, and to
230:Glottolog
218:ISO 639-3
2849:Category
2715:Cimbrian
2707:Bavarian
2633:Croatian
2540:Arbëresh
2523:Albanian
2464:Cadorino
2453:Friulian
2409:Venetian
2400:Venetian
2339:Romagnol
2267:Cremunés
2260:Novarese
2239:Varesino
2230:Ossolano
2223:Ticinese
2216:Milanese
2207:Lecchese
2090:Ligurian
1895:Corsican
1874:Pantesco
1868:Sicilian
1808:Arianese
1802:Irpinian
1792:Cilentan
1749:Marinese
1648:Germanic
1644:Friulian
1632:Croatian
1624:Albanian
1522:Archived
1397:Brianzöö
1393:Milanese
1381:Proverbs
1379:—
1339:—
1293:Examples
1283:toponyms
1267:proverbs
1245:Milanese
1233:Milanese
1229:Brianzöö
1159:Milanese
1155:Brianzöö
1149:, head;
1049:vowels:
1003:Milanese
820:Open-mid
469:Alveolar
459:Bilabial
415:Lepontii
411:Insubres
348:Milanese
340:Brianzöö
336:Brianzöö
328:Milanese
322:and of
308:Brianzöö
280:Brianzöö
263:Help:IPA
175:Brianzöö
2760:Yiddish
2720:Mòcheno
2595:Istrian
2318:Emilian
2297:Cremish
2276:Spasell
2186:Comasco
2133:Lombard
2103:Genoese
2098:Brigasc
2064:Cellese
1982:Occitan
1964:Catalan
1831:Vastese
1816:Molisan
1732:Central
1697:Italian
1672:Slovene
1660:Occitan
1628:Catalan
1504:Leipzig
1467:, 2003.
1460:, 2005.
1453:, 1997.
1432:, 2005.
1279:prayers
1275:legends
1241:Italian
1105:) with
750:Central
530:Plosive
479:Palatal
352:Italian
344:Brianza
276:Canzees
259:Unicode
165:Lombard
155:Lombard
130:Romance
89:Canzees
47:improve
2799:Romani
2780:Hebrew
2773:Others
2755:Walser
2698:German
2610:Resian
2471:Fornes
2417:Fiuman
2253:Pavese
2193:Laghée
2154:Canzés
2118:Royasc
2058:Faetar
2035:Aostan
2027:French
2004:Niçard
1782:Barese
1759:Sabino
1715:Tuscan
1664:Romani
1636:French
1409:UNESCO
1225:poetry
1193:, not
1187:culzùn
955:Front
724:Vowels
404:Celtic
363:Zurich
272:Canzés
180:Canzés
120:Italic
84:Canzés
36:, but
2684:Griko
2662:Greek
2600:Karst
2478:Nones
2458:Ladin
1656:Ladin
1652:Greek
1401:cuurt
1271:poems
1211:>
1207:>
958:Back
937:]
933:[
929:]
925:[
905:]
901:[
899:have
883:]
879:[
875:]
871:[
869:have
762:Close
745:Front
675:Trill
491:Nasal
484:Velar
419:Gauls
390:(see
379:Milan
371:Canzo
332:Milan
324:Monza
320:Lecco
318:, of
314:, of
304:Canzo
292:Italy
288:Canzo
98:Italy
2580:Brda
1411:and
1255:for
1243:and
1231:and
1213:cul-
1209:còl-
1205:cal-
1191:/uŋ/
1157:and
1151:cuut
1143:/oː/
1141:and
1139:/uː/
931:and
923:has
895:and
877:and
865:and
843:Open
755:Back
421:).
377:and
361:and
316:Como
236:None
1512:doi
1387:Use
1195:/õ/
1171:/ɔ/
1163:/l/
1147:cóo
1131:/y/
1123:/u/
1121:),
1119:/y/
1107:/œ/
1099:/ø/
1097:),
1091:/ɔ/
1089:),
1083:/o/
1081:),
1075:/i/
1073:),
1067:/ɛ/
1065:),
1059:/e/
1057:),
1051:/a/
1043:/i/
1023:/s/
995:/e/
987:/a/
941:/a/
921:/a/
915:/i/
911:/y/
897:/y/
893:/ø/
887:/ŋ/
867:/u/
863:/i/
394:).
282:(a
245:IPA
2851::
1674:,
1670:,
1666:,
1662:,
1658:,
1654:,
1650:,
1646:,
1642:,
1638:,
1634:,
1630:,
1626:,
1622::
1548:;
1520:.
1510:.
1506::
1502:.
1496:.
1289:.
1277:,
1273:,
1269:,
800:~
771:~
660:~
647:~
634:~
611:dʒ
608:~
605:tʃ
598:dz
595:~
592:ts
571:~
554:~
539:~
354:.
294:.
290:,
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
1552:.
1531:.
1514::
1259:i
1253:j
1200:z
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