Canada–United States relations

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men it had its defects, and it is for us to take advantage by experience, and endeavor to see if we cannot arrive by careful study at such a plan as will avoid the mistakes of our neighbors. In the first place, we know that every individual state was an individual sovereign—that each had its own army and navy and political organization – and when they formed themselves into a confederation they only gave the central authority certain specific rights appertaining to sovereign powers. The dangers that have risen from this system we will avoid if we can agree upon forming a strong central government—a great Central Legislature—a constitution for a Union which will have all the rights of sovereignty except those that are given to the local governments. Then we shall have taken a great step in advance of the American Republic. (September 12, 1864)

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cultural heritage led to growing anxiety regarding American cultural imperialism and Americanization. In 2006 surveys showed that 60 percent of Québécois had a fear of Americanization, while other surveys showed they preferred their current situation to that of the Americans in the realms of health care, quality of life as seniors, environmental quality, poverty, educational system, racism and standard of living. While agreeing that job opportunities are greater in America, 89 percent disagreed with the notion that they would rather be in the United States, and they were more likely to feel closer to English Canadians than to Americans. However, there is evidence that the elites and Quebec are much less fearful of Americanization and much more open to economic integration than the general public.

506: 1468: 3212: 1950: 3343:. In 1970, the Canadian parliament enacted the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, which asserts Canadian regulatory control over pollution within a 100-mile zone. In response, the United States in 1970 stated, "We cannot accept the assertion of a Canadian claim that the Arctic waters are internal waters of Canada. ... Such acceptance would jeopardize the freedom of navigation essential for United States naval activities worldwide." A compromise of sorts was reached in 1988, by an agreement on "Arctic Cooperation", which pledges that voyages of American icebreakers "will be undertaken with the consent of the Government of Canada". However, the agreement did not alter either country's basic legal position. 3603:

suspicion of the United States has led to outbreaks of overt anti-Americanism, usually spilling over against American residents in Canada." John R. Wennersten writes, "But at the heart of Canadian anti-Americanism lies a cultural bitterness that takes an American expatriate unaware. Canadians fear the American media's influence on their culture and talk critically about how Americans are exporting a culture of violence in its television programming and movies." However Kim Nossal points out that the Canadian variety is much milder than anti-Americanism in some other countries. By contrast, Americans show very little knowledge or interest one way or the other regarding Canadian affairs. Canadian historian

1906: 2141: 1725:), and 6.6 million left Canada, most of them to the U.S. After 1850, the pace of industrialization and urbanization was much faster in the United States, drawing a wide range of immigrants from the North. By 1870, 1/6 of all the people born in Canada had moved to the United States, with the highest concentrations in New England, which was the destination of Francophone emigrants from Quebec and Anglophone emigrants from the Maritimes. It was common for people to move back and forth across the border, such as seasonal lumberjacks, entrepreneurs looking for larger markets, and families looking for jobs in the textile mills that paid much higher wages than in Canada. 3524:'s annual public opinion polls, Canada has consistently been Americans' favorite nation, with 96% of Americans viewing Canada favorably in 2012. As of spring 2013, 64% of Canadians had a favorable view of the U.S. and 81% expressed confidence in then-US President Obama to do the right thing in international matters. According to the same poll, 30% viewed the U.S. negatively. In addition, according to Spring 2017 Global Attitudes Survey, 43% of Canadians view the U.S. positively, while 51% hold a negative view. More recently, however, a poll in January 2018 showed Canadians' approval of U.S. leadership dropped by over 40 percentage points under President 680: 1986: 2014: 1707: 279: 2662: 2532: 1244:

reciprocal agreement was ratified to facilitate the return of draft evaders. A Canadian War Mission was established at Washington, and in many other ways, the activities of the two countries were coordinated for efficiency. Immigration regulations were relaxed and thousands of American farmhands crossed the border to assist in harvesting Canadian crops. Officially and publicly, at least, the two nations were on better terms than ever before in their history, and on the American side, this attitude extended through almost all classes of society.

2267: 3587: 2345: 2049: 4012: 10060: 1025:, in exchange for dropping the damage claims. The idea peaked in the spring and summer of 1870, with American expansionists, Canadian separatists, and pro-American Englishmen seemingly combining forces. The plan was dropped for multiple reasons. London continued to stall, American commercial and financial groups pressed Washington for a quick settlement of the dispute on a cash basis, growing Canadian nationalist sentiment in British Columbia called for staying inside the British Empire, Congress became preoccupied with 48: 3434: 240: 270: 3620: 29: 12297: 10070: 222:(USMCA), which has progressively merged the two economies. Co-operation on many fronts, such as the ease of the flow of goods, services, and people across borders to be even more extended, as well as the establishment of joint border inspection agencies, relocation of U.S. food inspectors agents to Canadian plants and vice versa, greater sharing of intelligence, and harmonizing regulations on everything from food to manufactured goods, thus further increasing the American-Canadian assemblage. 4024: 59: 253: 2778: 432: 1149: 1778: 4036: 671: 1070: 11365: 1969:, both men had a passion for golf. During a news conference with Prime Minister Chrétien in April 1997, President Clinton quipped "I don't know if any two world leaders have played golf together more than we have, but we meant to break a record". Their governments had many small trade quarrels over the Canadian content of American magazines, softwood lumber, and so on, but on the whole were quite friendly. Both leaders had run on reforming or abolishing 3559: 3307: 1202: 2005:, in which more than 200 U.S.-bound flights were diverted to Canada after the U.S. shut down their airspace. Later, however, Chrétien publicly mused that U.S. foreign policy might be part of the "root causes" of terrorism. Some Americans criticized his "smug moralism", and Chrétien's public refusal to support the 2003 Iraq war was met with negative responses in the United States, especially among conservatives. 1169:, Alaska. It would provide an all-Canadian route to the rich goldfields. The dispute was settled by arbitration, and the British delegate voted with the Americans—to the astonishment and disgust of Canadians who suddenly realized that Britain considered its relations with the United States paramount compared to those with Canada. The arbitration validated the status quo, but made Canada angry at London. 866: 2441:(NORAD). Canadian forces have provided indirect support for the American invasion of Iraq that began in 2003. Moreover, interoperability with the American armed forces has been a guiding principle of Canadian military force structuring and doctrine since the end of the Cold War. Canadian navy frigates, for instance, integrate seamlessly into American carrier battle groups. 775:. With the surrender of Napoleon in 1814, Britain ended naval policies that angered Americans; with the defeat of the Indian tribes, the threat to American expansion was ended. The upshot was both the United States and Canada asserted their sovereignty, Canada remained under British rule, and London and Washington had nothing more to fight over. The war was ended by the 460:

loosely controlled by the French, repeatedly raided New England villages to kidnap women and children, and torture and kill the men. Those who survived were brought up as Francophone Catholics. The tension along the border was exacerbated by religion, the French Catholics and English Protestants had a deep mutual distrust. There was a naval dimension as well, involving

662:, and it became one of the major political issues in the United States at the time. Thousands of Americans immigrated to Upper Canada (Ontario) from 1785 to 1812 to obtain cheaper land and better tax rates prevalent in that province; despite expectations that they would be loyal to the U.S. if a war broke out, in the event they were largely non-political. 1036:" dispute went to international arbitration. In one of the first major cases of arbitration, the tribunal in 1872 rejected the American claims for damages relating to the British blockade running but ordered Britain to pay $ 15.5 million only for damages caused by British-built Confederate ships. Britain paid and the episode ended in peaceful relations. 1606:, which was signed in 1994. It created a common market that by 2014 was worth $ 19 trillion, encompassed 470 million people, and had created millions of jobs. Wilson says, "Few dispute that NAFTA has produced large and measurable gains for Canadian consumers, workers, and businesses". However, he adds, "NAFTA has fallen well short of expectations." 3481:, in a speech to Parliament in 1972 was angry at Trudeau and declared that the "special relationship" between Canada and the United States was dead. "It is time for us to recognize", he stated, "that we have very separate identities; that we have significant differences; and that nobody's interests are furthered when these realities are obscured." 3347:, the American ambassador to Canada, in 2005 suggested to Washington that it should recognize the straits as belonging to Canada. His advice was rejected and Harper took opposite positions. The U.S. opposes Harper's proposed plan to deploy military icebreakers in the Arctic to detect interlopers and assert Canadian sovereignty over those waters. 2571:, killing four and wounding eight Canadians. A joint American-Canadian inquiry determined the cause of the incident to be pilot error, in which the pilot interpreted ground fire as an attack; the pilot ignored orders that he felt were "second-guessing" his field tactical decision. Canadian forces assumed a six-month command rotation of the 558:. The American invasion was a fiasco and Britain tightened its grip on its northern possessions; in 1777, a major British invasion into New York led to the surrender of the entire British army at Saratoga and led France to enter the war as an ally of the U.S. The French Canadians largely ignored France's appeals for solidarity. 2933:, explicitly stated that the policy of his government about greenhouse gas emissions reductions is to wait for the United States to act first, and then try to harmonize with that action – a position that has been condemned by environmentalists and Canadian nationalists, and as well as scientists and government think-tanks. 955:, where they killed an American citizen, robbed three banks of over US$ 200,000, then escaped to Canada where they were arrested but then released by a Canadian court to widespread American anger. Many Americans falsely suspected that the Canadian government knew of the raid ahead of time. American Secretary of State 4181:""The U.S. Studies Program at The University of British Columbia will significantly increase our understanding of the United States and its institutions and policies through critical research, teaching, and public outreach, making a tremendous contribution to Canada's complex relationship with the U.S."" 3575:

tradition, its worship of "progress" and technology, and its mass culture; they explained that Canada was much better because of its commitment to orderly government and societal harmony. There were a few ardent defenders of the nation to the south, notably liberal and socialist intellectuals such as

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system running between Canada and the United States, to which Trudeau expressed disappointment but said that the rejection would not damage Canada–U.S. relations and would instead provide a "fresh start" to strengthening ties through cooperation and coordination, saying that "Canada–U.S. relationship

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The southward migration slacked off after 1890, as Canadian industry began a growth spurt. By then, the American frontier was closing, and thousands of farmers looking for fresh land moved from the United States north into the Prairie Provinces. The net result of the flows was that in 1901 there were

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While Canada openly accepted draft evaders and later deserters from the United States, there was never a serious international dispute due to Canada's actions, while Sweden's acceptance was heavily criticized by the United States. The issue of accepting American exiles became a local political debate

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Canada demanded and received permission from London to send its delegation to the Versailles Peace Talks in 1919, with the proviso that it sign the treaty under the British Empire. Throughout the 1920s Canada began assuming greater responsibility for its own foreign and military affairs. In 1927, the

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Official co-operation between Canada and the United States—the pooling of grain, fuel, power, and transportation resources, the underwriting of a Canadian loan by bankers of New York—produced a good effect on the public mind. Canadian recruiting detachments were welcomed in the United States, while a

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In later years, Anglophone Canadians, especially in Ontario, viewed the War of 1812 as a heroic and successful resistance against invasion and as a victory that defined them as a people. The myth that the Canadian militia had defeated the invasion almost single-handed, known logically as the "militia

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saw invasions across the border in both directions, but the war ended with unchanged borders. The British ceased aiding Native American attacks on the United States, and the United States never again attempted to invade Canada. Apart from minor unsuccessful raids, it has remained peaceful. As Britain

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Looking at television, Collins (1990) finds that it is in Anglophone Canada that fear of cultural Americanization is most powerful, for there the attractions of the U.S. are strongest. Meren (2009) argues that after 1945, the emergence of Quebec nationalism and the desire to preserve French-Canadian

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Once war broke out, the American strategy was to seize Canada. There was some hope that settlers in western Canada—most of them recent immigrants from the U.S.—would welcome the chance to overthrow their British rulers. However, the American invasions were defeated primarily by British regulars with

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were important British allies. Much of the fighting involved ambushes and small-scale warfare in the villages along the border between New England and Quebec. The New England colonies had a much larger population than Quebec, so major invasions came from south to north. The First Nation allies, only

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and is a member of the Global Coalition to Counter Daesh. In October 2016, Foreign Affairs Minister Dion and National Defence Minister Sajjan met the U.S. special envoy for this coalition. The Americans thanked Canada "for the role of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) in providing training and assistance

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It has been said that the United States Government is a failure. I don't go so far. On the contrary, I consider it a marvelous exhibition of human wisdom. It was as perfect as human wisdom could make it, and under it, the American States greatly prospered until very recently, but being the work of

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The United States and Britain had a long-standing dispute about the rights of Americans fishing in the waters near Newfoundland. Before 1776, there was no question that American fishermen, mostly from Massachusetts, had rights to use the waters off Newfoundland. In the peace treaty negotiations of

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On December 7, 2011, Harper flew to Washington, met with Obama, and signed an agreement to implement the joint action plans that had been developed since the initial meeting in February. The plans called on both countries to spend more on border infrastructure, share more information on people who

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British Canadians were annoyed in 1914–16 when the United States insisted on neutrality and seemed to profit heavily while Canada was sacrificing its wealth and its youth. However, when the US finally declared war on Germany in April 1917, there was swift cooperation and friendly coordination, as

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did not get along well personally. This was evident in Diefenbaker's response to the Cuban Missile Crisis, where he was slow to support the United States. However, Diefenbaker's Minister of Defence went behind Diefenbaker's back and sent Canada's military to high alert given Canada's legal treaty

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organization based among Irish Catholics in the United States. Targets included British Army forts, customs posts, and other locations near the border. The raids were small, unsuccessful episodes in 1866, and again from 1870 to 1871. They aimed to bring pressure on Great Britain to withdraw from

3598:(1997). Current studies report the phenomenon persists. Two scholars report, "Anti-Americanism is alive and well in Canada today, strengthened by, among other things, disputes related to NAFTA, American involvement in the Middle East, and the ever-increasing Americanization of Canadian culture." 2452:

According to Canadian and U.S. officials, a U.S. fighter jet shot down an unidentified object over Canada on February 23, 2023, on the orders of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The operation was coordinated by the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), a joint U.S.-Canadian air defense

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praised the agreement for giving Canada the ability to track whether failed refugee claimants have left Canada via the U.S. and for eliminating "duplicated baggage screenings on connecting flights". The agreement is not a legally binding treaty and relies on the political will and ability of the

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A 2007 joint report by American and Canadian officials on cross-border drug smuggling indicated that, despite their best efforts, "drug trafficking still occurs in significant quantities in both directions across the border. The principal illicit substances smuggled across our shared border are

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found a better rapport. The late 1970s saw a more sympathetic American attitude toward Canadian political and economic needs, the pardoning of draft evaders who had moved to Canada, and the passing of old such as the Watergate scandal and the Vietnam War. Canada more than ever welcomed American

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poll conducted in June 2016 found that 83% of Canadians were "confident in Obama to do the right thing regarding world affairs". The study also found that a majority of members of all three major Canadian political parties supported Obama, and also found that Obama had slightly higher approval

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writes, "More than anything else, Diefenbaker became the tragic victim of Canadian anti-Americanism, a sentiment the prime minister had fully embraced by 1962. unable to imagine himself (or his foreign policy) without enemies." Historian J. M. Bumsted says, "In its most extreme form, Canadian

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Canadian intellectuals who wrote about the U.S. in the first half of the 20th century identified America as the world center of modernity and deplored it. Anti-American Canadians (who admired the British Empire) explained that Canada had narrowly escaped American conquest with its rejection of

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helped open Expo '67 with an upbeat theme, saying "We of the United States consider ourselves blessed. We have much to give thanks for. But the gift of providence we cherish most is that we were given as our neighbors on this wonderful continent the people and the nation of Canada." Remarks at

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and control the seas, they could call on an army much larger than the British garrison in Canada, and so a land invasion of Canada was proposed as the most advantageous means of attacking the British Empire. Americans on the western frontier also hoped an invasion would bring an end to British

1455:. Ottawa took notice and wanted Newfoundland to join Canada, which it did after hotly contested referendums. There was little demand in the United States for the acquisition of Newfoundland, so the United States did not protest the British decision not to allow an American option on the 973:

Americans were angry at Britain's perceived support for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Some leaders demanded a huge payment, on the premise that British involvement had lengthened the war by two years, a claim confirmed by post-Civil War historians and scholars. Senator

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were set in motion, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt gave a public speech at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, declaring that the United States would not sit idly by if another power tried to dominate Canada. Diplomats saw it as a clear warning to Germany not to attack Canada.

4118:"The Americans are our best friends whether we like it or not." This statement, uttered in the House of Commons by Robert Thompson, the leader of the Social Credit Party early in the 1960s, perhaps best captures the essence of Canada's complex relationship with its nearest neighbor. 3355:

Presidents and prime ministers typically make formal or informal statements that indicate the diplomatic policy of their administration. Diplomats and journalists at the time—and historians since—dissect the nuances and tone to detect the warmth or coolness of the relationship.

3555:" or a cultural takeover. In the War of 1812, for example, the enthusiastic response by French militia to defend Lower Canada reflected, according to Heidler and Heidler (2004), "the fear of Americanization". Scholars have traced this attitude over time in Ontario and Quebec. 7833: 3697:, with 23% approving of him and 11% being "unsure". The poll also found that only 18% of Canadians believed Trump's presidency would have a positive impact on Canada, while 63% believed it would have a negative effect. A July 2019 poll found 79% of Canadians preferred 3473:

Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau, sharply at odds with the U.S. over Cold War policy, warned at a press conference in 1971 that the overwhelming American presence posed "a danger to our national identity from a cultural, economic and perhaps even military point of

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in November 2015, nearly a week after the latter was sworn into the office. Both leaders expressed eagerness for increased cooperation and coordination between the two countries during Trudeau's government with Trudeau promising an "enhanced Canada–U.S. partnership".

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During the 1979 revolution, protesters invaded the U.S. embassy and took many hostages. Six Americans evaded capture and were sheltered by the British and Canadian diplomatic missions. After a U.S. military operation to get them out of Iran failed, Canadian diplomat

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Georges, Patrick. "Canada's Trade Policy Options under Donald Trump: NAFTA's rules of origin, Canada US security perimeter, and Canada's geographical trade diversification opportunities". (Working Paper #1707E Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, 2017).

1561:" economic policies (including a 10% tariff on all imports) it put the Canadian government into a panic. Washington refused to exempt Canada from its 1971 New Economic Policy, so Trudeau saw a solution in closer economic ties with Europe. Trudeau proposed a " 5122: 2893:

in 2000. Despite this, trans-border air pollution remains an issue, particularly in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence watershed during the summer. The main source of this trans-border pollution results from coal-fired power stations, most of them located in the

550:, thousands joined the American cause and formed regiments that fought during the war; however, most remained neutral and some joined the British effort. Britain advised the French Canadians that the British Empire already enshrined their rights in the 2921:, which set out time scheduled curbing of greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the United States, Canada has ratified the agreement. Yet after ratification, due to internal political conflict within Canada, the Canadian government does not enforce the 2313:(NAFTA). The agreement has been characterized as "NAFTA 2.0", or "New NAFTA", since many provisions from NAFTA were incorporated and its changes were seen as largely incremental. On July 1, 2020, the USMCA entered into force in all member states. 2024:

and George W. Bush were thought to share warm personal relations and also close ties between their administrations. Because Bush was so unpopular among liberals in Canada (particularly in the media), this was underplayed by the Harper government.

131:(8,891 km (5,525 mi)) between any two nations in the world, and also have significant military interoperability. Both Americans and Canadians have generally ranked each other as one of their respective "favorite nations". Nonetheless, 1320:

During the 1920s, the war and naval departments of both nations designed war game scenarios with the other as an enemy as part of routine training exercises (neither military was ever told to get ready for a real war). In 1921, Canada developed

3528:, in line with the view of residents of many other U.S. allied and neutral countries. Since then, Canadian opinion of the U.S. has improved significantly, following an international rebound in the U.S. image abroad following the transition as 2888:

of 1991 by the first Bush administration. Under that treaty, the two governments consult semi-annually on trans-border air pollution, which has demonstrably reduced acid rain, and they have since signed an annex to the treaty dealing with

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by which the U.S. raised tariffs on products imported from Canada. Canada retaliated with higher tariffs of its own against American products and moved toward more trade within the British Commonwealth. U.S.–Canadian trade fell 75% as the

847:" agenda called for U.S. annexation of what became Western Canada; the U.S. and Britain instead agreed to a boundary of the 49th parallel. As harsher fugitive slave laws were passed, Canada became a destination for slaves escaping on the 3507:

on his inauguration, stated that "The United States remains Canada's most important ally, closest friend and largest trading partner and I look forward to working with President Obama and his administration as we build on this special

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on August 17, 2012, for a panel discussion on Canada-U.S. relations with emphasis on national security-related matters. Also as part of the commemoration, the navies of both countries sailed together throughout the Great Lakes region.

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Relations deteriorated on many points in the Nixon years (1969–74), including trade disputes, defense agreements, energy, fishing, the environment, cultural imperialism, and foreign policy. They changed for the better when Trudeau and

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in Ontario and Quebec ("Lower Canada") in 1837 were suppressed; many of the leaders fled to the US. The American policy was to largely ignore the rebellions, and indeed ignore Canada generally in favor of the westward expansion of the

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Anti-Americanism in Canada has unique historic roots. Since the arrival of the Loyalists as refugees from the American Revolution in the 1780s, historians have identified a constant theme of Canadian fear of the United States and of

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I was born—a British subject I will die. With my utmost effort, with my latest breath, will I oppose the 'veiled treason' which attempts by sordid means and mercenary proffers to lure our people from their allegiance." (February 3,

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told Parliament in Ottawa in May 1961 that "Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends. Economics has made us partners. And necessity has made us allies. Those whom nature hath so joined together, let no man put

624:. About 2,000 black slaves were brought in by Loyalist owners; they remained slaves in Canada until the Empire abolished slavery in 1833. Around 85% of the loyalists remained in the new United States and became American citizens. 10026: 14211: 779:, which took effect in February 1815. A series of postwar agreements further stabilized peaceful relations along the Canada–US border. Canada reduced American immigration for fear of undue American influence and built up the 2977:

spelled out the liberties in more detail. However the Treaty of Washington expired in 1885, and there was a continuous round of disputes over jurisdictions and liberties. Britain and the United States sent the issue to the

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moved to the U.S., with 395,000 residents there in 1900. Two-thirds went to mill towns in New England, where they formed distinctive ethnic communities. By the late 20th century, most had abandoned the French language (see

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After the War of 1812, the Convention of 1818 between the United States and Britain specified exactly what liberties were involved. Canadian and Newfoundland fishermen contested these liberties in the 1830s and 1840s. The

2123:(FDA) under the RCC mandate, undertook the "first of its kind" initiative by selecting "as its first area of alignment common cold indications for certain over-the-counter antihistamine ingredients (GC January 10, 2013)". 2320:

on Canada's aluminum and steel, Trump labeled Trudeau as "dishonest" and "meek", and accused Trudeau of making "false statements", although it is unclear which statements Trump was referring to. Trump's adviser on trade,

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1783, the Americans insisted on a statement of these rights. However, France, an American ally, disputed the American position because France had its own specified rights in the area and wanted them to be exclusive. The

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Robert M. Groceman, "Patriot War and the Fenian Raids: Case Studies in Border Security on the US Canada Border in the Nineteenth Century" (US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth United States, 2017)

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The British government, in charge of diplomatic relations, protested cautiously, as Anglo-American relations were tense. Much of the tension was relieved as the Fenians faded away and in 1872 by the settlement of the

2325:, said that there was a "special place in hell" for Trudeau as he employed "bad faith diplomacy with President Donald J. Trump and then tried to stab him in the back on the way out the door ... that comes right from 4173:

Complex and Complicated but Mutually-Beneficial Relationship Ours is a very complex relationship building, as John F. Kennedy remarked, on ties of history, geography, economics, security, and deep people-to-people

191:. A high volume of trade and migration continues between the two nations, as well as a heavy overlapping of popular and elite culture; a dynamic that has generated closer ties, especially after the signing of the 1556:

The United States had become Canada's largest market, and after the war, the Canadian economy became dependent on smooth trade flows with the United States so much that in 1971 when the United States enacted the

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in Canada that focused on Canada's sovereignty in its immigration law. The United States did not become involved because American politicians viewed Canada as a geographically close ally not worth disturbing.

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New England soldiers and sailors were critical to the successful British campaign to capture the French fortress of Louisbourg in 1745, and (after it had been returned by treaty) to capture it again in 1758.

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because of what it argues is an unfair Canadian government subsidy, a claim that Canada disputes. The dispute has cycled through several agreements and arbitration cases. Other notable disputes include the

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treaty with the U.S. that would lower trade barriers. Canadian manufacturing interests were alarmed that free trade would allow the bigger and more efficient American factories to take their markets. The

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brought tens of thousands of men to Canada's Yukon, and they had to arrive through American ports. Canada needed its port and claimed that it had a legal right to a port near the present American town of

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How do politicians, diplomats, and interest groups negotiate the tangled web of Canada–US relations? So Near Yet So Far provides an in-depth look at the multiple dimensions of this complex relationship..

4103:

Reconcilable Differences provides students with a contemporary look at the often complex relationship between Canada and the United States from 1763 to today, using the most recent scholarship available.

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famously said that being America's neighbor "is like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even-tempered the beast, if one can call it that, one is affected by every twitch and grunt."

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England seized Quebec from 1629 to 1632, and Acadia in 1613 and again from 1654 to 1670; These territories were returned to France by the peace treaties. The major wars were (to use American names),

5228: 1451:, having lost dominion status. The American spending ended the depression and brought new prosperity; Newfoundland's business community sought closer ties with the United States as expressed by the 1205:

A 1911 Conservative campaign poster warns that the big American companies ("trusts") will hog all the benefits of reciprocity as proposed by Liberals, leaving little left over for Canadian interests

10257: 8783: 10056: 2382:. Although virtual, the bilateral meeting was Biden's first as President. The two leaders discussed "COVID-19, economic recovery, climate change, and refugees and migration" among other subjects. 1093:

Civil War veterans across the border from 1866 to 1871 in an attempt to trade Canada for Irish independence. The American government, angry at Canadian tolerance of Confederate raiders during the

3325:). Canada's assertion that the Northwest Passage represents internal (territorial) waters has been challenged by other countries, especially the U.S., which argue that these waters constitute an 447:

in 1760, there had been a series of wars between the British and the French that were fought out in the colonies as well as in Europe and the high seas. In general, the British heavily relied on

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in Canada. The Reagan administration was hesitant and questioned the science behind Mulroney's claims. However, Mulroney was able to prevail. The product was the signing and ratification of the

2060:'s first international trip was to Canada on February 19, 2009, thereby sending a strong message of peace and cooperation. Except Canadian lobbying against "Buy American" provisions in the U.S. 14197: 2212: 1423:

American attempts in the mid-1930s to integrate British Columbia into a united West Coast military command had aroused Canadian opposition. Fearing a Japanese invasion of Canada's vulnerable

1226:, warning that it would be a "sell-out" to the United States with economic annexation a special danger. The Conservative slogan was "No truck or trade with the Yankees", as they appealed to 14130: 7212: 3450: 2880:

Beginning in 1986, the Canadian government of Brian Mulroney began pressing the Reagan administration for an "Acid Rain Treaty" to do something about U.S. industrial air pollution causing

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and some recent Liberal leadership candidates have expressed opposition to Canada's expanded role in the Afghan conflict because it is inconsistent with Canada's historic role (since the

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Rachel Lea Heide, "Allies in Complicity: The United States, Canada, and the Clayton Knight Committee's Clandestine Recruiting of Americans for the Royal Canadian Air Force, 1940–1942",

1973:, but the agreement went ahead with the addition of environmental and labor side agreements. Crucially, the Clinton administration lent rhetorical support to Canadian unity during the 1721:

Canada was a way station through which immigrants from other lands stopped for a while, ultimately heading to the U.S. In 1851–1951, 7.1 million people arrived in Canada (mostly from

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took control in Ontario ("Upper Canada") and promoted the Anglican religion as opposed to the more republican Methodist and Baptist churches. A small interlocking elite, known as the

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in Kandahar, where al-Qaida forces are most active. Canada has also deployed naval forces in the Persian Gulf since 1991 in support of the UN Gulf Multinational Interdiction Force.

755:, and other public buildings. At the end of the war, Britain's American Indian allies had largely been defeated, and the Americans controlled a strip of Western Ontario centered on 6472: 1590: 12285: 6864: 3511:

President Barack Obama, speaking in Ottawa at his first official international visit on February 19, 2009, said, "I love this country. We could not have a better friend and ally."

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and the loss of autonomy more than a Japanese invasion. In 1941, Canadians successfully argued within the PJBD for cooperation rather than the unified command for the West Coast.

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was made to issue multiple official copies of Canadian passports with fake identities to the American diplomats in the Canadian sanctuary. The passports contained forged Iranian

13773: 13768: 13718: 13713: 11007: 8163: 2793:

Canada and the United States have the world's second-largest trading relationship, with huge quantities of goods and people flowing across the border each year. Since the 1987

10777: 819:

took full political control. Democracy, as practiced in the United States, was ridiculed. The policies had the desired effect of deterring immigration from the United States.

6277: 11328: 2290:, Trudeau congratulated him and invited him to visit Canada at the "earliest opportunity". Prime Minister Trudeau and President Trump formally met for the first time at the 1386:

were determined not to repeat the mistakes of their predecessors. They met in August 1940 at Ogdensburg, issuing a declaration calling for close cooperation, and formed the

6559: 1347: 1343:

meeting in 1927 with British Ambassador Sir Esme Howard agreed on the "absurdity of contemplating the possibility of war between the United States and the British Empire".

13833: 12745: 12524: 12360: 10048: 12263: 11049: 4094: 2437:(NATO) mutual security commitments. In addition, American and Canadian military forces have cooperated since 1958 on continental air defense within the framework of the 1729:

128,000 American-born residents in Canada (3.5% of the Canadian population) and 1.18 million Canadian-born residents in the United States (1.6% of the U.S. population).

1325:

for an attack on American cities and for forestalling an invasion by the United States until British reinforcements could arrive. Through the later 1920s and 1930s, the

1058:

of 1846 largely resolved the issue, splitting the disputed territory – the northern half became British Columbia, and the southern half eventually formed the states of

13953: 13632: 7960: 1050:

Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 in internal affairs while Britain retained control of diplomacy and defence policy. Before Confederation, there was an

13708: 2242:

on March 10, 2016. Trudeau and Obama were reported to have shared warm personal relations during the visit, making humorous remarks about which country was better at

2109:

On February 4, 2011, Harper and Obama issued a "Declaration on a Shared Vision for Perimeter Security and Economic Competitiveness" and announced the creation of the

4270: 2368:, Trudeau congratulated him on his victory; indicating a significant improvement in Canada–U.S. relationships, which had been strained in the years prior during the 1837: 12380: 10384: 6635: 8641: 2444:

In commemoration of the 200th Anniversary of the War of 1812 ambassadors from Canada and the United States, and naval officers from both countries gathered at the

8767: 8467: 1639:

moved out of the new United States to the eastern Atlantic provinces and south of Quebec. From 1790 to 1812 many farmers moved from New York and New England into

13853: 11323: 10227: 6806: 3663:. The same study found that 61% of Canadians felt that the Obama administration had been "good" for America, while only 12% felt it had been "bad". Similarly, a 2132:

executives of both governments to implement the terms of the agreement. These types of executive agreements are routine—on both sides of the Canada–U.S. border.

916:

to deliver the weaponry to the Confederacy in exchange for cotton. Attacks were made on American merchant shipping by British-built Confederate warships such as

3223:

The two countries have had several territorial disputes throughout their histories. Current maritime territorial disputes between the two countries include the

13783: 10857: 10742: 10608: 3206: 3144: 1894: 646:

border. Britain refused to do so, citing the failure of the United States to provide financial restitution for Loyalists who had lost property in the war. The

7622: 2453:

organization. Prime Minister Trudeau said investigators were looking for debris. This decision was made following the conversation between Biden and Trudeau.

14248: 11448: 11400: 10237: 9996: 2903: 1507:. After the mid-20th century onwards, Canada and the United States became extremely close partners. Canada was a close ally of the United States during the 13858: 10008: 8101: 1620:

From the 1750s to the 21st century, there has been an extensive mingling of the Canadian and American populations, with large movements in both directions.

14308: 14292: 13788: 12350: 12278: 10797: 10252: 8790: 6994: 3973: 3150: 2873:

of 1972 is another historic example of cooperation in controlling trans-border water pollution. However, there have been some disputes. Most recently, the

1873: 9528:

Greaves, Wilfrid. "Democracy, Donald Trump, and the Canada-US Security Environment". (NAADSN – North American and Arctic Defense Security Network, 2020).

9364: 2594:, which is intended "to give American citizens a better sense of the scope of Canada's role in North American and Global Security and the War on Terror". 2375:

On January 22, 2021, Biden and Trudeau held their first phone call. Trudeau was the first foreign leader to receive a phone call from Biden as President.

1544: 9893: 9284: 8127: 6690: 979: 14372: 7409: 2965:

gave the Americans not rights, but rather "liberties" to fish within the territorial waters of British North America and to dry fish on certain coasts.

164: 13848: 13410: 12199: 11203: 11002: 10105: 10090: 3988: 3983: 104: 96: 7545: 6636:"Notice: Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) Over-the-Counter (OTC) Products: Common Monograph Working Group: Selection of a Monograph for Alignment" 14449: 12735: 12365: 10845: 4956:

Cleves, Rachel Hope; Eustace, Nicole; Gilje, Paul; Hale, Matthew Rainbow; Morgan, Cecilia; Opal, Jason M.; Peskin, Lawrence A.; Taylor, Alan (2012).

3963: 2877:

Outlet, a project instituted by North Dakota, has angered Manitobans who fear that their water may soon become polluted as a result of this project.

2294:

on February 13, 2017, nearly a month after Trump was sworn into the office. Trump has ruffled relations with Canada with tariffs on softwood lumber.

562: 8836: 13763: 13698: 13222: 10757: 10041: 9171: 6661: 3709:

is much more favorable than his predecessor Donald Trump, with 77% approving of his leadership and having confidence in him to do the right thing.

2945: 2805: 2786: 2656: 2488: 2336:

said the U.S. "view Canada's claim that the waters of the Northwest Passage are internal waters of Canada as inconsistent with international law".

959:

let the British government know that "it is impossible to consider those proceedings as either legal, just or friendly towards the United States."

8360: 8030: 6494: 14150: 13928: 13828: 13753: 12750: 12690: 12271: 12104: 2526: 1692: 1187:

was established to manage the Great Lakes and keep them disarmed. It was amended in World War II to allow the building and training of warships.

9521:

Gravelle, Timothy B. "Love Thy Neighbor (u) r? Political Attitudes, Proximity and the Mutual Perceptions of the Canadian and American Publics".

7808: 7032: 6947: 13748: 13703: 12715: 11213: 10812: 10787: 9216: 6336: 900:

Several events caused strained relations between the British Empire and the United States, over the former's unofficial role in supporting the

7387: 1160:

A short-lived controversy was the Alaska boundary dispute, settled in favor of the United States in 1903. The issue was unimportant until the

14259: 14253: 13843: 13793: 13738: 13046: 12370: 11985: 10807: 10762: 10702: 8380: 7863: 7721: 6592:"PM and U.S. President Obama announce shared vision for perimeter security and economic competitiveness between Canada and the United States" 5474:

Munro, John A. (1965). "English-Canadianism and the Demand for Canadian Autonomy: Ontario's Response to the Alaska Boundary Decision, 1903".

4381:. Collection internationale d'Études canadiennes | International Canadian Studies Series. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 231–250. 3939: 2794: 1922: 219: 192: 9772:

Stoett, Peter J. "Fairweather Friends? Canada–United States Environmental Relations in the Days of Trump and the Era of Climate Change". in

9529: 4203: 13758: 13723: 13627: 13596: 10712: 2721: 1219: 12293: 3406:

said in 1947 that "Canada and the United States have reached the point where we can no longer think of each other as 'foreign' countries."

14439: 13778: 13601: 13462: 13425: 13170: 11835: 11368: 10135: 10034: 8901:

David Meren, "'Plus que jamais nécessaires': Cultural Relations, Nationalism and the State in Canada–Quebec–France Triangle, 1945–1960",

7470: 1179:

sailing into the Great Lakes via Canada without Canadian permission. To head off future embarrassments, in 1909 the two sides signed the

616:

who either wanted to leave the U.S. or were compelled by Patriot reprisals to do so. Among the original Loyalists, there were 3,500 free

6872: 2101:

by Obama for the Canadian gold medal victory over the U.S. in women's hockey, and the semi-final victory over the U.S. in men's hockey.

13918: 13823: 13818: 13808: 13798: 13728: 13382: 13367: 13264: 12178: 9198: 8571: 8406: 6838: 6373: 5951: 3978: 3611:

summed it up: "Americans are benevolently ignorant about Canada, whereas Canadians are malevolently informed about the United States."

3443: 2220: 905: 8596: 8250:

Murphy, Orville T. (1965). "The Comte De Vergennes, The Newfoundland Fisheries And The Peace Negotiation Of 1783: A Reconsideration".

8167: 6443: 4769: 718:

and territories the U.S. had gained in 1783. American "honor" was an implicit issue. While the Americans could not hope to defeat the

13923: 13743: 13523: 12623: 11799: 11393: 11110: 10997: 10782: 9877:

Palen, Marc-William. "Protection, federation, and union: The global impact of the McKinley tariff upon the British Empire, 1890–94".

9241: 5909:"'Hell, they're your problem, not ours': Draft Dodgers, Military Deserters and Canada–United States Relations in the Vietnam War Era" 5749:

Bell, Christopher M. (1997). "Thinking the Unthinkable: British and American Naval Strategies for an Anglo-American War, 1918–1931".

3924: 1286: 5492:

David G. Haglund, and Tudor Onea. "Victory without Triumph: Theodore Roosevelt, Honour, and the Alaska Panhandle Boundary Dispute".

2258:

and relations between the two countries, and Trudeau invited Obama to speak in the Canadian parliament in Ottawa later in the year.

1848:, an integrated air defense system, in mid-1957. Relations with President John Kennedy were much less cordial. Diefenbaker opposed 743:

militia. Aided by the large Royal Navy, a series of British raids on the American coast were highly successful, culminating with an

702:

when the United States declared war on Britain. The Americans were angered by British harassment of U.S. ships on the high seas and

14282: 13838: 13803: 13733: 13658: 13279: 13207: 12937: 12822: 12658: 12593: 12572: 12204: 11599: 10732: 10694: 10173: 10153: 9728:

Dissolving Tensions: Rapprochement and Resolution in British-American-Canadian Relations in the Treaty of Washington Era, 1865–1914

5417: 3656: 3644: 3122: 2970: 2907: 2772: 2438: 2365: 2287: 2254:

for its "message of hope and change" and "positive and optimistic vision". Obama and Trudeau also held "productive" discussions on

1495:. Canada had been actively involved in the League of Nations, primarily because it could act separately from Britain. It played a 1374:

The two nations cooperated closely in World War II, as both nations saw new levels of prosperity and a determination to defeat the

1271: 1129:

and fishing, whaling, and sealing rights in the Pacific were settled by international arbitration, setting an important precedent.

184: 7886: 7143: 2925:

and has received criticism from environmental groups and other governments for its climate change positions. In January 2011, the

1483:, handled foreign relations 1945–48 cautiously. Canada donated money to the United Kingdom to help it rebuild; was elected to the 13575: 13543: 13538: 13104: 13011: 12990: 12985: 12776: 12740: 12603: 12468: 11559: 11228: 10419: 10095: 9656:

Little, John Michael. "Canada Discovered: Continental Perceptions of the Roosevelt Administration, 1939–1945", PhD dissertation.

9578: 5987: 5654: 2694:

to Iraqi security forces, as well as the CAF's role in improving essential capacity-building capabilities with regional forces".

2572: 2556: 2536: 728: 590: 337: 6618:"United States–Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) Joint Action Plan: Developing and implementing the Joint Action Plan" 4299: 2821:

in cultural industries such as magazines, radio, and television. Canadians have been criticized about such things as the ban on

2127:

cross the border, and acknowledge more of each other's safety and security inspection on third-country traffic. An editorial in

14444: 14312: 13863: 13528: 13472: 13457: 13140: 13079: 13016: 12942: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12771: 12638: 12608: 12598: 12461: 12451: 12441: 12426: 12301: 10822: 10269: 9833:

Ciuriak, Dan, How U.S. Trade Policy Has Changed Under President Donald Trump – Perceptions From Canada (SSRN, March 29, 2019).

9618:, Vol. 28, No. 4, Canada and the United States: Transnational and Transgovernmental Relations (Autumn, 1974), pp. 611–635 3954: 3488:

did not mention Canada during a speech in which he thanked a list of countries who had assisted in responding to the events of

1504: 444: 8671: 7194: 13913: 13570: 13352: 13197: 13109: 13084: 13053: 12963: 12895: 12840: 12796: 12781: 12436: 12229: 12225: 12163: 11702: 10499: 10222: 9949: 9928: 9763: 9491: 9383: 9348: 7964: 7297: 5106: 5024: 4386: 3058: 2937: 1926: 724: 711: 601:

in February 1779. Roughly half of Clark's militia in the theater were Canadian volunteers sympathetic to the American cause.

1929:

to reduce acid-rain-causing emissions, both major policy goals of Mulroney, that would be finalized under the presidency of

1122:, when Britain paid the U.S. $ 15.5 million for war losses caused by warships built in Britain and sold to the Confederacy. 505: 13986: 13933: 13622: 13482: 13467: 13437: 13301: 13259: 13114: 13094: 13074: 13041: 13031: 12980: 12885: 12875: 12860: 12786: 12710: 12700: 12557: 12552: 12488: 12473: 12416: 12406: 12345: 11386: 11198: 11117: 10511: 10464: 10125: 10120: 10100: 9905:

Gallagher, Connell. "The Senator George D. Aiken Papers: Sources for the Study of Canadian-American Relations, 1930–1974".

9599: 8750: 8698: 4322: 3849: 3758: 3211: 2926: 2682: 2433:, established in 1940, provides policy-level consultation on bilateral defense matters. The United States and Canada share 2219:, Trudeau said that Canada will still "do more than its part" in combating the terrorist group by increasing the number of 2091: 1180: 84: 8368: 7673: 7519: 7444: 6519: 5731: 4274: 1467: 14244: 13973: 13813: 13693: 13606: 13518: 13508: 13503: 13415: 13405: 13400: 13377: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13306: 13291: 13274: 13269: 13254: 13187: 13150: 13145: 13135: 13119: 13099: 12890: 12865: 12845: 12730: 12720: 12695: 12653: 12648: 12628: 12567: 12562: 12536: 12519: 12504: 12456: 12411: 12401: 12396: 12109: 11980: 11850: 10767: 10115: 10085: 8550:"The Rhetoric of 9/11: President George W. Bush – Address to Joint Session of Congress and the American People (9-20-01)" 6639: 3748: 3732: 3674:

stated in 2012 that Canadians generally supported Democratic presidents over Republican presidents, citing how President

3116: 3063: 2870: 2854: 2834: 2587: 2310: 2028:

Shortly after being congratulated by Bush for his victory in February 2006, Harper rebuked the U.S. ambassador to Canada

1603: 1595: 215: 196: 79: 9882: 9688:

MacKenzie, Scott A. "But There Was No War: The Impossibility of a United States Invasion of Canada after the Civil War"

8471: 6744: 4125: 869:

Confederate soldiers force a bank teller to pledge allegiance to the Confederate States of America while conducting the

28: 14418: 13898: 13673: 13533: 13513: 13477: 13447: 13432: 13420: 13362: 13357: 13347: 13296: 13286: 13217: 13182: 13177: 13165: 13069: 13021: 12995: 12870: 12850: 12801: 12791: 12766: 12618: 12483: 12478: 12446: 12431: 12340: 12083: 10850: 10802: 10409: 9978: 9789:

Tagg, James. "'And, We Burned down the White House, Too': American History, Canadian Undergraduates, and Nationalism",

8942: 8649: 6591: 5146:

Robin W. Winks, "The Creation of a Myth: 'Canadian' Enlistments in the Northern Armies during the American Civil War",

4530: 3133: 2911: 2434: 2411: 1949: 9888:

Rioux, Hubert. "Canada First vs. America First: Economic Nationalism and the Evolution of Canada–US Trade Relations".

5085: 435:

Map of European colonies in North America, c. 1750. Territorial claims by European powers were fought over during the

202:

Recent difficulties have included repeated trade disputes, environmental concerns, Canadian concern for the future of

14287: 14155: 13668: 13663: 13642: 13637: 13487: 13452: 13442: 13227: 13212: 13202: 13036: 13026: 12975: 12968: 12958: 12855: 12725: 12643: 12613: 12588: 12531: 12514: 12509: 12421: 12375: 12024: 11769: 11513: 11508: 11443: 11283: 11178: 10827: 10707: 9733:

Pacheco, Daniela Pereira. "Politics on Twitter: a comparison between Donald Trump and Justin Trudeau". (ICSCP 2020).

9672: 9633: 9148: 9114: 9078: 9044: 9010: 8976: 8728: 8334: 8304:

Alvin, C. Gluek Jr (1976). "Programmed Diplomacy: The Settlement of the North Atlantic Fisheries Question, 1907–12".

8227: 8078: 7936: 7758: 7493: 7336: 6785: 6753: 6722: 6402: 6312: 5517: 5451: 5377: 5278: 5249: 4832: 4348: 3053: 3033: 3007: 2728: 2177: 1954: 1354: 894: 9910: 7169: 5869:

Canada and the Age of Conflict: A History of Canadian External Policies. Volume 2, 1921–1948: The Mackenzie King Era

1262:

respectively. The postwar era saw the United States pursue isolationism while Canada became an active member of the

13908: 13591: 13192: 13160: 13155: 13089: 12880: 12705: 12663: 12633: 12355: 12008: 11970: 11920: 11779: 11759: 11744: 11630: 11564: 11463: 11308: 11066: 10954: 10817: 10662: 10489: 10379: 10374: 9259: 8807: 7859: 6922: 6712: 6617: 5841:

McNeil Earle, Karl (1998). "Cousins of a Kind: The Newfoundland and Labrador Relationship with the United States".

5533:

Baker, W. M. (1970). "A Case Study of Anti-Americanism in English-Speaking Canada: The Election Campaign of 1911".

2826: 2703: 2430: 2094: 2084: 1565:" policy of diversifying Canada's trade and downgrading the importance of the American market. In a 1972 speech in 1397:

in Quebec on military and political strategy; he was a gracious host but was kept out of the important meetings by

1387: 860: 176: 2394:, like forces of other NATO countries, fought in cooperation with the United States in most major conflicts since 1997:

were strained throughout their overlapping times in office. Canada offered its full assistance to the U.S. as the

1471:

A NATO summit in Paris, May 1955. Both Canada and the United States are founding members of the military alliance.

1285:, making him the first American head of state to visit confederated Canada. The then Premier of British Columbia, 12029: 11915: 11719: 11645: 11640: 11493: 11478: 11183: 10947: 10837: 10737: 10574: 10506: 9514:

Gravelle, Timothy B. "Partisanship, Border Proximity, and Canadian Attitudes toward North American Integration."

8105: 7251:

Massie, Justin (April 30, 2019). "Why Canada Goes to War: Explaining Combat Participation in US-led Coalitions".

4109: 3919: 3369: 3139: 3098: 3075: 2952:

availability or restriction has been identified as an issue of possible future contention between the countries.

2818: 2017:

Stephen Harper holds a joint press conference with George W. Bush during a meeting in Washington, D.C., July 2006

1520: 1484: 1214: 1196: 128: 14189: 10005: 1085:

Strained relations with America continued, however, due to a series of small-scale armed incursions called the "

14393: 12078: 12003: 11910: 11774: 11754: 11687: 11670: 11614: 11529: 11298: 11208: 11156: 10975: 10792: 10562: 10202: 10158: 9584:

Holland, Kenneth. "The Canada–United States defense relationship: a partnership for the twenty-first century".

6343: 6224: 6186: 6098: 5399:

David Sim, "Filibusters, Fenians, and a Contested Neutrality: The Irish Question and US Diplomacy, 1848–1871".

4903: 3529: 3365: 2979: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2732: 2580: 2329:." Days later, Trump said that Trudeau's comments are "going to cost a lot of money for the people of Canada". 2251: 2204: 2192:

is much bigger than any one project." Obama has since praised Trudeau's efforts to prioritize the reduction of

2110: 1754: 1615: 1326: 1223: 1184: 151: 9739:

Paltiel, Jeremy. "Canada's middle-power ambivalence: The palimpsest of US power under the Chinese shadow". in

9303: 5880:

Hector Mackenzie, "Golden Decade (s)? Reappraising Canada's International Relations in the 1940s and 1950s".

5637: 4250: 1905: 763:, and, with the support of their remaining American Indian allies, huge areas of the Old Northwest, including 14357: 12124: 11955: 11935: 11880: 11840: 11789: 11749: 11734: 11729: 11660: 11549: 11534: 11458: 11054: 9993: 8149: 6545: 5253: 3128: 2712:

In 2003, the American government became concerned when members of the Canadian government announced plans to

2618: 2598: 2426:, which caused some brief diplomatic tensions. Despite these issues, military relations have remained close. 1496: 1456: 901: 531: 154:

were resettled in Canada, a vocal element in Canada has warned against American dominance or annexation. The

7084: 6468: 4611: 4141:"Dispute Resolution in the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement: One Element of a Complex Relationship" 1491:. However, Mackenzie King rejected free trade with the United States, and decided not to play a role in the 997:

with Russia in 1867, he intended it as the first step in a comprehensive plan to gain control of the entire

11975: 11940: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11870: 11860: 11855: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11804: 11724: 11677: 11635: 11609: 11579: 11569: 11503: 11498: 11488: 11473: 11438: 11168: 11161: 11149: 11024: 11019: 10547: 10247: 10019:

A New North American Neighborhood: The Alaskan Boundary Question and Canadian American Relations, 1898–1913

8549: 6775: 6249:

Preston, Andrew (2003). "Balancing War and Peace: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Vietnam War, 1961–1965".

5687:

McDonald, Judith; et al. (1997). "Trade Wars: Canada's Reaction to the Smoot–Hawley Tariff", (1997)".

3291: 2736: 2491: 2140: 2120: 2033: 832: 10017: 6278:"'I've been called worse things by better people: A history of Canadian PMs' not-so-diplomatic one-liners" 3705:

over Trump. A Pew Research poll released in June 2021, showed that Canadian opinion of American president

3219:. The waters around the island are one of several maritime territorial disputes between the two countries. 1156:. The border dispute was settled by arbitration in 1903, with the modern boundary marked by a yellow line. 612:

to them. Following America's independence, Canada became a refuge for about an estimated 70,000 or 15% of

14408: 13903: 12234: 12220: 12088: 12068: 11965: 11950: 11945: 11930: 11925: 11905: 11875: 11865: 11845: 11794: 11784: 11709: 11655: 11589: 11584: 11539: 11409: 11233: 11188: 10591: 10434: 10296: 8190: 7645: 6425: 4771:"The Old Northwest Under British Control, 1763–1783" and "Indiana A Part of the Old Northwest, 1783–1800" 3949: 3317:

A long-simmering dispute between Canada and the U.S. involves the issue of Canadian sovereignty over the

3290:

at the Alaska–British Columbia border. The Maine–New Brunswick boundary dispute was resolved through the

3069: 2974: 2829:

was discovered in 2003 in cows from the United States (and a few subsequent cases) and the high American

2514: 1781: 1500: 1476: 1379: 1309: 1259: 1114:

Ireland. None of these raids achieved their aims and all were quickly defeated by local Canadian forces.

139:

and a distinguishing feature that Canadians feel sets their foreign policy apart from the United States.

9734: 9463: 2181: 14227: 13996: 12173: 11960: 11900: 11764: 11739: 11714: 11682: 11665: 11574: 11544: 11468: 11453: 11268: 11193: 11127: 10980: 10862: 10628: 10569: 10469: 10414: 8357: 8049: 6895: 5827:

Galen Roger Perras, "Who Will Defend British Columbia? Unity of Command on the West Coast, 1934–1942",

4002: 3340: 2456:

The foreign policies of the countries have been closely aligned, yet ultimately independent, since the

2369: 1574: 948: 679: 527: 500: 9605:

Holmes, John W. "Canadian External Policies since 1945" "International Journal" 18#2 (1963) 137–147.

7051: 4717:

Shortt, S. E. D. (1972). "Conflict and Identity in Massachusetts: The Louisbourg Expedition of 1745".

4531:"Anti-Americanism in Canada," in Brendon O'Connor, ed., Anti-Americanism: History, Causes, and Themes" 1308:

Relations with the United States remained cordial until 1930 when Canada vehemently protested the new

14145: 12114: 12073: 11692: 11594: 11554: 11483: 11313: 11223: 11173: 11105: 11100: 10932: 10897: 10399: 10143: 9870:

Muirhead, Bruce. "From Special Relationship to Third Option: Canada, the U.S., and the Nixon Shock",

8676: 8493: 8326:

The Dawn of Conservation Diplomacy: U.S.-Canadian wildlife protection treaties in the progressive era

7395: 5801:

Richard Jensen, "Nationalism and Civic Duty in Wartime: Comparing World Wars in Canada and America",

3655:

was significantly more positive. A 2012 poll found that 65% of Canadians would vote for Obama in the

3372:), arguing against closer trade relations with the U.S. stated "As for myself, my course is clear. A 3336: 3176: 2763:

and marijuana for the U.S. market, while the U.S. was a transit country for cocaine entering Canada.

2540: 2445: 2075:, Canada defeated the U.S. in both gold medal matches, entitling Stephen Harper to receive a case of 844: 780: 547: 543: 519: 9862:

Commerce between the United States & Canada, Observations on Reciprocity and the McKinley Tariff

5943:

Bruce Muirhead, "From Special Relationship to Third Option: Canada, the U.S., and the Nixon Shock",

14336: 11288: 11273: 11253: 10772: 10638: 10581: 10394: 10232: 10192: 9589: 6896:"Justin Trudeau invites Donald Trump to visit Canada during the call that marks 'strong beginning'" 6685: 6178: 6090: 3993: 3252: 3182: 3110: 2895: 2415: 1985: 1824:

Prime Minister Laurent and President Truman were both anti-communist during the early years of the

1766: 1672: 1444: 1417: 1409: 8384: 7725: 7384: 7231:"Remarks by President Biden and Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada Before Virtual Bilateral Meeting" 6560:"Joint Statement by President Obama and Prime Minister Harper of Canada on Regulatory Cooperation" 5229:"Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years" 1427:, American officials urged the creation of a united military command for an eastern Pacific Ocean 14125: 13948: 12183: 11697: 11650: 11061: 10970: 10942: 10917: 10867: 10650: 10542: 10291: 10281: 10180: 8285:

Golladay, V. Dennis (1973). "The United States and British North American Fisheries, 1815–1818".

5300:

Theodore C. Blegen, "A Plan for the Union of British North America and the United States, 1866".

5178: 3968: 3489: 3287: 3275: 3043: 2740: 2614: 2495: 2002: 1857: 1793: 1710: 1660: 1394: 1263: 1210: 1153: 1143: 1051: 890: 598: 452: 448: 378: 332: 8622: 7782: 4547: 2013: 1277:

In July 1923, as part of his Pacific Northwest tour and a week before his death, U.S. President

12168: 10937: 10877: 10717: 10429: 10344: 10274: 9614:

Holmes, John W. "Impact of Domestic Political Factors on Canadian-American Relations: Canada",

8219:

Dictionary of American History: With the Complete Text of the Constitution of the United States

8008: 6923:"It's Trudeau's move after Trump goes from tough talk to action with lumber duties: Chris Hall" 3232: 3104: 3012: 2982:

in The Hague in 1909. It produced a compromise settlement that permanently ended the problems.

2962: 2547:, Afghanistan. The 1st Special Service Force was an American-Canadian unit during World War II. 1974: 1717:. Large movements of population occurred in both directions from the late-18th to 20th century. 1696: 1636: 1549: 1424: 1045: 639: 613: 605: 436: 426: 160: 9000: 8966: 8932: 8217: 8068: 7748: 7326: 6392: 5507: 5268: 2429:

American defense arrangements with Canada are more extensive than with any other country. The

1816:. King hosted conferences for Churchill and Roosevelt, but did not participate in the talks. 1706: 115:

Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on

12244: 12239: 11218: 11132: 10657: 10643: 10537: 10527: 10494: 10454: 10444: 10424: 10364: 10197: 10163: 10148: 9138: 9068: 9034: 8324: 7926: 7287: 7013: 5948: 5367: 5211: 4913: 4856:

The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, & Indian Allies

4062:

Mckenna, Peter (1999). "Canada, the United States, and the Organization of American States".

3824: 3590:

Signage advocating against free trade with the United States on a building in Toronto in 1911

3467: 3392: 3086: 2885: 2707: 2661: 2624: 2161: 2079:

beer from Barack Obama; in reverse, if Canada had lost, Harper would have provided a case of

1861: 1853: 1809: 1785: 1772: 1769:

is head of government only, and his or her "government" or "ministry" directs the executive.

1383: 1350: 1074: 752: 744: 650:

in 1795 with Great Britain resolved that lingering issue and the British departed the forts.

480: 468: 132: 9939: 9918: 9845: 9644: 6680: 6620:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. December 7, 2011. Archived from 5966:

Lily Gardner Feldman, "Canada and the United States in the 1970s: Rift and Reconciliation".

5317:

Doris W. Dashew, "The Story of An Illusion: The Plan To Trade 'Alabama' Claims For Canada",

278: 127:. The two countries consider themselves among the "closest allies". They share the longest 14367: 14170: 14087: 14011: 13372: 11350: 11336: 11122: 10987: 10752: 10722: 10667: 10633: 10586: 10459: 10369: 8600: 8009:"Environment and Climate Change Canada – Air – Canada- United States Air Quality Agreement" 4300:"Canadian military explored plan to fully integrate forces with U.S. – Politics – CBC News" 4224:"Remarks by President Biden and Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada in Joint Press Statements" 4028: 3934: 3861: 3678:

was "never liked" in Canada and that Canadians generally did not approve of Prime Minister

3326: 3048: 2830: 2814: 2568: 2560: 2465: 2302: 2301:

In 2018, Trump and Trudeau negotiated the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), a

2068: 1998: 1813: 1801: 1452: 1432: 1322: 1227: 1173: 848: 578: 484: 476: 168: 9714:

Invisible and Inaudible in Washington: American Policies toward Canada during the Cold War

5908: 4824: 3594:

The history has been traced in detail by a leading Canadian historian J.L. Granatstein in

3545: 3224: 140: 8: 14388: 14160: 14092: 14021: 14006: 13943: 11343: 11248: 11238: 10902: 10618: 10212: 9483: 5011: 3330: 3240: 3216: 3092: 2575:

in 2003; in 2005, Canadians assumed operational command of the multi-national Brigade in

2531: 2316:

In June 2018, after Trudeau explained that Canadians would not be "pushed around" by the

2098: 1632: 1009:

to seek annexation to the U.S. and thought Britain might accept this in exchange for the

707: 609: 582: 573:. In 1778, 200 men under Clark, supplied and supported mainly by Virginia, came down the 570: 472: 207: 147: 10322: 9855: 9839:

How U.S. Trade Policy Has Changed Under President Donald Trump – Perceptions From Canada

9420:(2015), 400 pages; traces relations, shared values, and differences across the centuries 7834:"Ministers Dion and Sajjan meet U.S. special envoy for Global Coalition to Counter ISIL" 6350: 5790:

Franklin Roosevelt and the Origins of the Canadian-American Security Alliance, 1933–1945

5670:

Richard N. Kottman, "Herbert Hoover and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff: Canada, A Case Study",

5414: 5270:

Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 1837–1873

4698:

Chard, Donald F. (1975). "The Impact of French Privateering on New England, 1689–1713".

3492:, although Canada had provided military, financial, and other support. Ten years later, 2731:

interview that, "We would have to respond. We would be forced to respond." However, the

642:, which ended the war, called for British forces to vacate all their forts south of the 542:

would join their rebellion. They were pre-approved for joining the United States in the

14362: 14341: 14107: 11293: 11263: 10439: 10327: 9682: 9555: 8453: 8267: 7986: 7928:

The Outlier Sectors: Areas of Non-free Trade in the North American Free Trade Agreement

7596: 6978: 6816: 6330: 6305:

The president will see you now: my stories and lessons from Ronald Reagan's final years

6166: 6078: 5926: 5712: 5704: 5585: 5550: 5348: 5183: 4985: 4654: 4526: 4505: 4431: 3929: 3914: 3670: 3283: 2890: 2564: 2295: 2061: 1880: 1831: 1819: 1762: 1738: 1722: 1569:, Nixon declared the "special relationship" between Canada and the United States dead. 1161: 1106: 1094: 1078: 1059: 1026: 882: 874: 820: 9320: 5652: 3586: 3496:, one of President Bush's speechwriters, stated that it was an unintentional omission. 2266: 2067:

They also held friendly bets on hockey games during the Winter Olympic season. In the

1867: 811:

In the aftermath of the War of 1812, pro-British conservatives led by Anglican Bishop

143:

has also manifested itself in a variety of ways, ranging from political, to cultural.

14102: 11278: 11258: 10992: 10912: 10887: 10479: 10332: 10207: 9945: 9924: 9759: 9668: 9653:(University of British Columbia Press; 2010) 192 pages; the post–World War II period. 9629: 9594:

Holmes, Ken. "The Canadian Cognitive Bias and its Influence on Canada/US Relations".

9487: 9411: 9379: 9344: 9144: 9110: 9103: 9074: 9040: 9006: 8972: 8938: 8330: 8271: 8223: 8143: 8074: 7932: 7754: 7588: 7332: 7293: 7268: 7110: 7059: 6539: 6398: 6318: 6308: 6192: 6182: 6162: 6104: 6094: 6074: 5930: 5716: 5554: 5513: 5447: 5373: 5274: 5102: 5030: 5020: 4977: 4828: 4775: 4497: 4423: 4382: 4079: 3361: 3318: 3311: 3248: 2869:

to resolve differences and promote international cooperation on boundary waters. The

2713: 2674: 2628: 2502: 2501:

decided to smuggle the six Americans out of Iran on an international flight by using

2484: 2461: 2185: 1938: 1930: 1886: 1789: 1742: 1668: 1656: 1480: 1428: 1398: 1267: 998: 990: 956: 924: 825: 617: 353: 348: 124: 120: 116: 9813:

Wrong, Hume, and John W. Holmes. "The Canada–United States Relationship 1927/1951".

9285:"Nearly 8 in 10 Canadians prefer Dems over Trump; Sanders, Biden most popular: poll" 6029:

The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia: A Marginal Colony During the Revolutionary Years

4164: 3693:

over Donald Trump. A January 2017 poll found that 66% of Canadians "disapproved" of

2048: 14082: 14051: 14031: 14026: 10727: 10474: 10185: 9547: 9472:"Doing the Continental: A New Canadian-American Relationship" (Dundurn Press, 2010) 8811: 8768:"Americans' views of Mexico, Canada diverge as Obama attends 'Three Amigos' summit" 8754: 8259: 7580: 7312: 7260: 7120: 6258: 5916: 5850: 5758: 5696: 5577: 5568:

Clements, Kendrick A. (1973). "Manifest Destiny and Canadian Reciprocity in 1911".

5542: 5340: 5061: 4969: 4646: 4489: 4415: 4071: 3728: 3521: 3279: 3236: 2643:), made a policy distinction between conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, unlike the 2602: 2506: 2208: 2104: 2029: 2008: 1900: 1841: 1733: 1652: 1314: 1110: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 840: 651: 566: 555: 535: 402: 393: 307: 136: 8367:(Library of Parliament: Political and Social Affairs Division, January 26, 2006); 7695: 7213:"Readout of President Joe Biden Call with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada" 5762: 3659:"if they could" while only 9% of Canadians would vote for his Republican opponent 2591: 2113:"to increase regulatory transparency and coordination between the two countries." 1980: 1962: 1393:

King sought to raise Canada's international visibility by hosting the August 1943

14219: 14097: 14077: 14046: 14041: 14016: 14001: 13886: 11303: 11034: 10613: 10601: 10557: 10484: 10317: 10217: 10012: 10000: 9535: 9373: 9338: 8877:

Prejudice and Pride: Canadian Intellectuals Confront the United States, 1891–1945

8413: 8364: 7391: 7360: 6003: 5955: 5658: 5604: 5443: 5421: 5233: 4817: 4376: 4040: 3690: 3608: 3604: 3552: 3536:, with 61% of Canadians having a favorable opinion of the United States in 2021. 3410: 3403: 3373: 3155: 2809: 2724: 2717: 2510: 2391: 2344: 2197: 2135: 2076: 2043: 1989:

Jean Chrétien shakes hands with George W. Bush during a meeting in September 2002

1492: 1413: 1408:

and participated in the building of the atomic bomb. 49,000 Americans joined the

1294: 1290: 994: 983: 952: 939:, to flee back to the Maritimes where they were later able to escape justice for 936: 870: 776: 397: 99: 9693: 9651:

At Home and Abroad: The Canada-U.S. Relationship and Canada's Place in the World

8706: 7170:"Donald Trump slams Trudeau (again), says PM will cost Canadians a lot of money" 6948:"Prime Minister Justin Trudeau speaks with United States President Donald Trump" 6807:"Barack Obama and Justin Trudeau set a date for the first meeting in Washington" 4493: 3247:. Additionally, the United States is one of several countries that contends the 2414:. The main exceptions to this were the Canadian government's opposition to some 2261: 1944: 1254:

U.S. and Canada exchanged ambassadors for the first time with Canada appointing

14061: 14036: 11090: 11083: 10927: 10892: 10552: 10532: 10449: 10286: 10168: 9452:, Vol. 497, Anti-Americanism: Origins and Context (May 1988), pp. 105–119 9105:

Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada

8497: 6564: 5331:

Shi, David E. (1978). "Seward's Attempt to Annex British Columbia, 1865–1869".

5305: 5050:"The Canadian Rebellions of 1837 and 1838 as a Borderland War: A Retrospective" 3702: 3679: 3632: 3500: 3485: 3418: 3402:

After World War II years of close military and economic cooperation, President

3396: 3256: 3228: 3160: 3002: 2941: 2922: 2918: 2850: 2477: 2353: 2333: 2275: 2255: 2193: 2157: 2149: 2021: 1994: 1914: 1405: 1340: 1330: 1302: 1278: 1255: 1166: 1119: 1090: 1033: 975: 968: 913: 816: 363: 269: 107: 11378: 9784: 9667:, ed. for the University League for Social Reform (U of Toronto Press, 1970). 8890:

Culture, Communication, and National Identity: The Case of Canadian Television

7264: 7111:"'Very dishonest & weak': Trump lashes out at Trudeau following G7 summit" 6776:"Justin Trudeau says Canada to increase the number of training troops in Iraq" 6638:. Canada's Action Plan. Government of Canada. January 10, 2013. Archived from 6196: 6108: 5854: 5700: 5369:

Marketing the American Creed Abroad: Diasporas in the U.S. and Their Homelands

4075: 3399:, that "These Yankee politicians are the lowest race of thieves in existence." 1897:, who gave him a harsh talk, saying "You don't come here and piss on my rug". 1840:(1952–1961) took pains to foster good relations with Progressive Conservative 14433: 14140: 14056: 12296: 11139: 10922: 10672: 10404: 10069: 9973: 9606: 7592: 7272: 7115: 7063: 6351:"The President's News Conference With Prime Minister Jean Chretien of Canada" 6322: 6170: 6082: 5982:

Hills, Carla A. "NAFTA's Economic Upsides: The View from the United States".

5648:

Warren G. Harding & Stanley Park. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver.

5034: 4981: 4584:

Hills, Carla A. "NAFTA's Economic Upsides: The View from the United States."

4501: 4427: 4419: 4153: 4083: 4016: 3806: 3800: 3683: 3675: 3478: 3344: 3295: 3271: 3263: 3171: 2994: 2666: 2644: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2216: 2116: 1934: 1918: 1758: 1714: 1055: 932: 909: 836: 812: 796: 655: 515: 383: 322: 258: 214:. Trade has continued to expand, especially following the 1988 FTA, the 1994 63: 10243:

Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement

9408:

Transnationalism: Canada–United States History into the Twenty-First Century

7195:"The US is picking a fight with Canada over a thawing Arctic shipping route" 6262: 5161:

Dixie & the Dominion: Canada, the Confederacy, and the War for the Union

4973: 3639:. A 2004 poll found that more than two-thirds of Canadians favored Democrat 12314: 11144: 11095: 11029: 10872: 10747: 10684: 10679: 10389: 10349: 10337: 9469: 9448:

Doran, Charles F., and James Patrick Sewell, "Anti-Americanism in Canada",

9418:

Your Country, My Country: A Unified History of the United States and Canada

7650: 6811: 6123:

Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Region as Transnational Region, 1650–1990

4819:

The Canada Fire: Radical Evangelicalism in British North America, 1775–1812

4353: 3694: 3664: 3652: 3651:

where just 11% of the population supported him. Canadian public opinion of

3599: 3525: 3504: 2949: 2782: 2777: 2640: 2636: 2395: 2379: 2283: 2271: 2239: 2188: 2145: 2057: 2037: 1966: 1680: 1644: 1640: 1562: 1539: 1448: 1362: 1334: 1298: 1126: 1102: 1086: 951:

agents also used Canada as a base to attack American border towns, such as

740: 621: 594: 172: 9838: 9570:(University of British Columbia Press, 2012); 352 pages focus on 2001–2011 8599:. Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. January 20, 2009. Archived from 8263: 7445:"Canada and the Arctic: The Issue of Northern Sovereignty | Wilson Center" 7328:

At Home and Abroad: Canada–US Relationship and Canada's Place in the World

6745:"Trudeau warmly embraced by Obama, but don't expect concessions from U.S." 6594:. Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. February 4, 2011. Archived from 5546: 4949: 3251:

is international waters; whereas the Canadian government asserts it forms

1773:

W. L. Mackenzie King and Franklin D. Roosevelt (October 1935 – April 1945)

1699:. The 1960s saw the arrival of about 50,000 draft-dodgers who opposed the 1148: 735:'s coalition of tribes. Americans may also have wanted to acquire Canada. 511:

The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, December 31, 1775

14135: 11039: 9865: 9475: 9435: 9365:

History of Canadian foreign relations § Relations with United States

7431: 7173: 5777:

American Appeasement: United States Foreign Policy and Germany, 1933–1938

5082:

The Relations of the United States to the Canadian Rebellion of 1837–1838

3873: 3794: 3782: 3660: 3647:, with Bush's lowest approval ratings in Canada being in the province of 3619: 3576: 3423: 3395:, angry at failed trade talks in 1888, privately complained to his wife, 3193: 2759:, and cannabis" The report indicated that Canada was a major producer of 2632: 2419: 2291: 2235: 2169: 1890: 1777: 1700: 1628: 1579: 1558: 1535: 1375: 1022: 917: 756: 748: 703: 699: 689: 643: 633: 539: 431: 159:

decided to disengage, fears of an American takeover played a role in the

155: 9988: 9821: 9609: 8031:"Exclusive Interview: Brian Mulroney remembers his friend Ronald Reagan" 7600: 7568: 6621: 6595: 6057:

Renee Kasinsky, "Refugees from Militarism: Draft Age Americans in Canada

5971: 5436: 4989: 4435: 4035: 3329:. Canadians were alarmed when Americans drove the reinforced oil tanker 2997:

both hold membership in several multinational organizations, including:

2910:

that monitors environmental issues across the continent, publishing the

2681:

Canada has been involved in international responses to the threats from

2339: 1921:

were famously close. This relationship resulted in negotiations for the

1745:

came to the U.S., but they did not form distinctive ethnic settlements.

1069: 795:

myth", became highly prevalent after the war, having been propounded by

11044: 10907: 10882: 10359: 10312: 9794: 9619: 9568:

So Near Yet So Far: The Public and Hidden Worlds of Canada-US Relations

9559: 9538:(March 1924). "Western Land Hunger and the War of 1812: A Conjecture". 9453: 9443:

Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism and the Canadian State

5708: 5675: 5589: 5352: 4957: 4927:

For Honour's Sake: The War of 1812 and the Brokering of an Uneasy Peace

4658: 4509: 4403: 3640: 3562:

A Canadian political cartoon from 1869 of a "Young Canada" kicking out

3558: 3493: 3244: 3188: 2930: 2670: 2407: 2399: 2243: 2087: 1909:

Ronald Reagan (left) and Brian Mulroney in Venice, Italy, June 11, 1987

1676: 1013:

claims. Soon other elements endorsed annexation, they planned to annex

886: 719: 670: 659: 647: 574: 551: 10258:

New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers' Annual Conference

9375:

Forgotten Partnership Redux: Canada-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century

8468:"The Embassy of the U.S.A., Ottawa – United States – Canada Relations" 7961:"The Embassy of the U.S.A., Ottawa – United States – Canada Relations" 7750:

Locating Global Order: American Power and Canadian Security After 9/11

7033:"Strikes at Low-Wage Plants Signal Revival of Labor Demands in Mexico" 5998:

Wilson, Michael. "NAFTA's Unfinished Business: The View from Canada".

5921: 5066: 5049: 4477: 3298:

of 1846, and the Alaska boundary dispute through arbitration in 1903.

2623:

According to contemporary polls, 71% of Canadians were opposed to the

1889:

gave a speech in Philadelphia criticizing American involvement in the

1420:, which had Roosevelt's permission to recruit in the U.S. in 1940–42. 1029:, and most Americans showed little interest in territorial expansion. 1005:, primarily for its commercial advantages to the U.S. Seward expected 11071: 10596: 10354: 9852:

The Commercial Policy of the British Colonies and the McKinley Tariff

8837:"America's Image Abroad Rebounds with Transition from Trump to Biden" 7584: 6042:

The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples. Vol. 1: Historical

6016:

The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples. Vol. 1: Historical

5101:. Amazing Stories. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. intro. 4930: 4597:

Michael Wilson, "NAFTA's Unfinished Business: The View from Canada".

3885: 3830: 3706: 3698: 3624: 3567: 3563: 3533: 2881: 2498: 2361: 2349: 2080: 2072: 1849: 1648: 1282: 986:, or alternatively the ceding of all of Canada to the United States. 788: 764: 586: 461: 368: 211: 203: 9834: 9551: 7724:. Department of National Defence. September 25, 2006. Archived from 5581: 5344: 4650: 3306: 1881:

Lester B. Pearson and Lyndon B. Johnson (November 1963 – April 1968)

1832:

John G. Diefenbaker and Dwight Eisenhower (June 1957 – January 1961)

1820:

Louis St. Laurent and Harry S. Truman (November 1948 – January 1953)

688:

The United States Declaration of War against the British (left) and

14165: 11078: 9920:

Canadian foreign policy, 1977–1992: selected speeches and documents

9818: 9781:

Dispersed Relations: Americans and Canadians in Upper North America

6900: 6780: 6748: 6717: 3891: 3867: 3081: 3018: 2739:

in early 2006 halted the liberalization of cannabis laws until the

2576: 2457: 2423: 2403: 1868:

John G. Diefenbaker and John F. Kennedy (January 1961 – April 1963)

1825: 1602:

The main issues in Canada–US relations in the 1990s focused on the

1508: 1201: 928: 784: 772: 768: 732: 456: 406: 180: 9994:

Canada and the United States, by Stephen Azzi and J.L. Granatstein

9700:

Camelot and Canada: Canadian-American Relations in the Kennedy Era

9509:

For Better or for Worse: Canada and the United States to the 1990s

9199:"2. Obama's international image remains strong in Europe and Asia" 9197:

Wike, Richard; Poushter, Jacob; Zainulbhai, Hani (June 29, 2016).

6865:"Obama on growing friendship with Trudeau – 'What's not to like?'" 6713:"Justin Trudeau 'disappointed' with U.S. rejection of Keystone XL" 4637:

Thomas Morgan, William (1926). "The Five Nations and Queen Anne".

4482:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

3635:

was "deeply disliked" by a majority of Canadians according to the

3335:

through the Northwest Passage in 1969, followed by the icebreaker

11243: 10110: 9242:"Canadians rooting for Hillary Clinton to become president: poll" 7358: 7052:"Trump Just Signed the U.S.M.C.A. Here's What's in the New NAFTA" 4803:

The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795–1805

4180: 3879: 3855: 3818: 3812: 3776: 3754: 3738: 2756: 2052:

Barack Obama meeting with Stephen Harper in Ottawa, February 2009

1688: 1684: 1594:

American, Canadian, and Mexican dignitaries initialing the draft

1098: 800: 317: 9941:

Canadian foreign policy, 1945–2000: major documents and speeches

9679:

The Unguarded Frontier: A History of American-Canadian Relations

7912:"ETA Canada Visa Application - Apply for Canadian E-Visa Online" 6444:"Guest column: Time, Canada, to negotiate the Northwest Passage" 5895:

Cases and Readings in Canadian Foreign Policy Since World War II

4536:. Oxford/Westport: Greenwood World Publishing}. pp. 59, 76. 4471: 4469: 3668:

ratings in Canada in 2012 than he did in 2008. John Ibbitson of

3520:

Today there remain cross-border cultural ties and according to

2105:

Canada–United States Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) (2011)

2009:

Stephen Harper and George W. Bush (February 2006 – January 2009)

1901:

Brian Mulroney and Ronald Reagan (September 1984 – January 1989)

1357:. Roosevelt spoke on the U.S. relations with Canada while there. 692:'s proclamation issued in response to it in Upper Canada (right) 14236: 10059: 9709:(Palgrave Macmillan; 2012) 192 pages; essays on various "myths" 9707:

Canada/US and Other Unfriendly Relations: Before and After 9/11

8572:"David Frum: Why Bush didn't mention Canada in his 9/20 speech" 7911: 7569:"The Northwest Passage: Is Canada's Sovereignty Floating Away?" 7434:, by an agency of the U.S. Congress; Updated February 10, 2021. 7410:"U.S. shoots down the unidentified object in Canadian airspace" 5099:

The Underground Railroad: The long journey to freedom in Canada

3845: 3770: 3764: 3744: 3648: 3322: 3259:

is also disputed as international waters by the United States.

3166: 2990: 2798: 2544: 2306: 2203:

Although Trudeau has told Obama his plans to withdraw Canada's

2165: 1981:

Jean Chrétien and George W. Bush (January 2001 – December 2003)

1667:. In the early 20th century, the opening of land blocks in the 1624: 1566: 1063: 944: 940: 865: 302: 245: 52: 9450:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

9438:, by an agency of the U.S. Congress; Updated February 10, 2021 4404:"Peacekeeping: Canada's past, but not its present and future?" 4349:"Canada, Britain Favored Most in U.S.; Russia, N. Korea Least" 2136:

Justin Trudeau and Barack Obama (November 2015 – January 2017)

2044:

Stephen Harper and Barack Obama (January 2009 – November 2015)

1753:

The executive of each country is represented differently. The

1346: 1209:

Anti-Americanism reached a shrill peak in 1911 in Canada. The

14220:

Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States

13938: 12119: 10623: 9304:"Embassy of Canada to the United States, in Washington, D.C." 7546:"The Canadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute: A Reassessment" 4673:

White Captives: Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier

4466: 4134:

Canadians have a complex relationship with the United States.

3788: 3614: 3267: 2917:

Currently, neither of the countries' governments support the

2899: 2686: 2262:

Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump (January 2017 – January 2021)

2228: 1970: 1945:

Jean Chrétien and Bill Clinton (November 1993 – January 2001)

1845: 1664: 1230:

and nostalgia for the British Empire to win a major victory.

1054:

in which the Americans claimed the 54th degree latitude. The

923:. On December 7, 1863, pro-Confederate Canadian sympathizers 760: 9983: 4095:"Reconcilable Differences: A History of Canada-US Relations" 2298:

was brought up by Trump as an area that needed negotiating.

1741:), but most kept the Catholic religion. About twice as many 1503:. It played a somewhat larger role in 1947 in designing the 893:. However, hundreds of Americans who were called up in the 11319:

Canadian television stations available in the United States

11050:

Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States

8919:

Violence and the Female Imagination: Quebec's Women Writers

7615:"A Classic Case of Deception — Central Intelligence Agency" 7289:

The United Nations In The Post-cold War Era, Second Edition

7246: 7244: 7144:"Trump's top economic aide on Trudeau: 'It was a betrayal'" 6577: 3840:

Resident diplomatic missions of the United States in Canada

3723:

Resident diplomatic missions of Canada in the United States

3028: 3023: 2822: 2748: 2690: 2647:, which linked these together in a "Global war on terror". 2552: 2247: 2224: 1488: 715: 188: 10778:

Canada–United States Consultative Committee on Agriculture

9401:

Reconcilable Differences: A History of Canada–US Relations

8729:"In U.S., Canada Places First in Image Contest; Iran Last" 8128:"Canada's environment policy to follow the U.S.: Minister" 8070:

Introduction to Energy: Resources, Technology, and Society

6839:"Obama welcomes Trudeau to White House, 'About time, eh?'" 6681:"Trudeau promises Obama an enhanced Canada–US partnership" 6394:

Big Picture Realities: Canada and Mexico at the Crossroads

6374:"Clinton, in Talk to Canadians, Opposes Quebec Separation" 4790:

Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War

3945:

Comparison of the Canadian and American healthcare systems

3350: 2083:

beer to Obama. During the 2014 Winter Olympics, alongside

1844:(1957–1963). That led to the approval of plans to join in 1497:

modest role in the postwar formation of the United Nations

908:

came from Great Britain and made use of Canadian ports in

706:, severe restrictions against neutral American trade with 620:. Most went to Nova Scotia and in 1792, 1,200 migrated to 8751:

Americans Give Record-High Ratings to Several U.S. Allies

7147: 5606:

Reciprocity, 1911: a study in Canadian–American relations

2378:

On February 23, 2021, Biden and Trudeau held their first

2111:

Canada–United States Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC)

2064:, relations between the two administrations were smooth. 1864:

from the United States led to his government's downfall.

1748: 1732:

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, about 900,000

835:

formalized the U.S.–Canada border in Maine, averting the

7836:. Global Affairs Canada. October 6, 2016. Archived from 7722:"CANADIAN NAVY TEAMS UP WITH U.S. CARRIER BATTLE GROUPS" 7520:"Shipping Through the Northwest Passage: A Policy Brief" 7279: 7241: 6469:"Obama to visit Canada Feb. 19, PMO confirms – CTV News" 6211:

Foreign Policy of Canada: A Study in Diefenbaker's Years

6046:

Americans in Canada: Migration and Settlement since 1840

4888:

David Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, The War of 1812, pg4

4368: 2563:. Canadian forces joined the multinational coalition in 1953:

Jean Chrétien shakes hands with Bill Clinton during the

873:. The Confederate soldiers launched their raid from the 806: 10228:

Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic

9140:

Context North America: Canadian/U.S. Literary Relations

8642:"Canadians and Americans are more similar than assumed" 4612:"Harper, Obama to begin security talks | CTV News" 4395: 3038: 2833:. Concerns in Canada also run high over aspects of the 2539:

soldiers gather to commemorate the 65th anniversary of

1862:

indecision on whether to accept Bomarc nuclear missiles

1765:, and his "administration" is the executive, while the 1081:

launched several raids into Canada in 1866 and 1870–71.

585:

without loss of life. From there, part of his men took

554:, which the American colonies had viewed as one of the 10609:

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement

10385:

1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident

9196: 8808:"World's Approval of U.S. Leadership Drops to New Low" 5213:

Congressional series of United States public documents

4955: 4124:

Shull, Aaron; Tandt, Michael Den (December 13, 2021).

3689:

A November 2016 poll found 82% of Canadians preferred

3458:

Trudeau's famous "sleeping with an elephant" quotation

3207:

List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States

3145:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2569:

bombed Canadian forces involved in a training exercise

2567:

in January 2002. On April 18, 2002, an American pilot

2196:, calling it "extraordinarily helpful" to establish a 1933:. Mulroney delivered eulogies at the funerals of both 1635:. At the end of the American Revolution, about 75,000 581:, marched across southern Illinois, and then captured 11329:

United States television stations available in Canada

8934:

Internationalizing the History of American Art: Views

8537:

Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy

8524:

Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy

8511:

Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy

7674:"U.S. 'friendly fire' pilot won't face court martial" 4891: 4000: 2904:

North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation

2902:, Canada and the U.S. signed, along with Mexico, the 2340:

Justin Trudeau and Joe Biden (January 2021 – present)

2332:

In June 2019, the U.S. State Department spokesperson

925:

hijacked an American steamer and killed a crew member

698:

Tensions mounted again after 1805, erupting into the

14309:

Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America

14293:

North American Transportation Statistics Interchange

10798:

FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States

10253:

United States Senate Committee on Canadian Relations

9962:

Oxford University Press, 1962 806 pages of documents

9937: 9916: 8913: 8911: 8215: 8048:

Freed, Kenneth; Gerstenzang, James (April 6, 1987).

7714: 5816:

Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, 2004

5216:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1870. p. 71. 4861: 3974:

Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America

3151:

Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America

9371: 8831: 8829: 8623:"Obama declares love for Canada, banishes Bush era" 8381:"Cellucci: Canada should control Northwest Passage" 7809:"Clinton speaks on Afghanistan, and Canada listens" 7365:. Canadian Peace Research and Education Association 6691:

International Committee of the Fourth International

5438:

Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World

4126:"Is US President Joe Biden Good or Bad for Canada?" 889:—many already lived in the U.S., and a few for the 654:saw the nearby British presence as a threat to the 10743:Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement 9776:(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2019) pp. 105–123. 9102: 8322: 7688: 7666: 7637: 7408:Romero, Dennis; Alba, Monica (February 12, 2023). 7050:Swanson, Ana; Tankersley, Jim (January 29, 2020). 6520:"Barack Obama follows through on Olympic beer bet" 6136:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs: 1902 5435: 4816: 4736:Johnston, A. J. B. (2008). "D-Day at Louisbourg". 4525: 4375:Gutiérrez-Haces, Maria Teresa (November 6, 2018). 3989:List of ambassadors of the United States to Canada 3984:List of ambassadors of Canada to the United States 2861:A principal instrument of this cooperation is the 589:, but was soon lost to British Lieutenant Colonel 13971: 10238:Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement 9406:Behiels, Michael D. and Reginald C. Stuart, eds. 9217:"Who do Canadians want to vote for? Barack Obama" 8930: 8908: 7471:"Canada's Sovereignty Over the Northwest Passage" 7049: 6995:"The USMCA is finally done. Here's what is in it" 6526:. Archived from the original on February 25, 2014 4476:Doran, Charles F.; Sewell, James Patrick (1988). 4378:Identity and Otherness in Canadian Foreign Policy 4165:"A Canadian Agenda for the USA: Obama and Beyond" 3964:History of homeland security in the United States 3294:in 1842, the Oregon boundary dispute through the 2955: 2001:were unfolding. One tangible show of support was 604:In the end, America won its independence and the 14431: 9516:International Journal of Public Opinion Research 9466:celebratory study by a leading American scholar. 9410:(McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010) 312 pp. 8968:Canadian Policy Toward Khrushchev's Soviet Union 8931:Groseclose, Barbara S.; Wierich, Jochen (2009). 8826: 8454:Address Before the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa 8329:. University of Washington Press. p. 19ff. 8047: 7259:(3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 575–594. 6353:. The American Presidency Project. April 8, 1997 2801:on most goods passed between the two countries. 2657:International military intervention against ISIL 1443:The United States built large military bases in 935:then used the steamer, originally intended as a 451:units, while the French heavily relied on their 11408: 11324:Foreign television channels available in Canada 9960:Documents on Canadian Foreign Policy, 1917–1939 9819:The Canada–United States Relationship 1927/1951 9808:Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies 9741:America's Allies and the Decline of US Hegemony 9702:(Oxford UP, 2016). xii, 298 pp. 1960-1963. 9260:"Majority of Canadians don't trust Trump: Poll" 8879:(University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp 16, 180 8067:Cassedy, Edward S.; Grossman, Peter Z. (1998). 8066: 7800: 6974:"Trump Signs Trade Deal With Canada and Mexico" 4573:Canada and the United States: ambivalent allies 4374: 3712: 2223:members training and fighting on the ground in 1693:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 561:The American forces had much better success in 12146: 11214:Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal 11204:Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival 10858:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States 10813:Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation 10788:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 9721:An Introduction to Canadian-American Relations 9502:Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism 9036:Leaving America: The New Expatriate Generation 8903:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 8864:Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism 8050:"Mulroney Asks Reagan for Treaty on Acid Rain" 7746: 6175:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 6087:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 5674:, Vol. 62, No. 3 (December 1975), pp. 609–635 4767: 4327:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project 4130:Centre for International Governance Innovation 3596:Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism 2036:plans to assert Canada's sovereignty over the 1097:of 1861–1865, moved very slowly to disarm the 982:, originally wanted to ask for $ 2 billion in 14205: 12279: 11394: 10703:Comparison of Canadian and American economies 10042: 9806:Thompson, John Herd, and Stephen J. Randall. 8849:David Stephen Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, 7494:"The U.S. - Canada Northwest Passage Dispute" 5090: 4636: 4521: 4519: 3940:Comparison of Canadian and American economies 2743:legalized recreational cannabis use in 2018. 1965:was wary of appearing too close to President 1683:and formed their colonies. In the 1890s some 885:. About 40,000 Canadians volunteered for the 494: 10758:Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute 10713:Exclusive economic zone of the United States 10006:Canadian-American Relations, by John English 9879:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 9573:Hillmer, Norman, and Philippe Lagassé, eds. 9066: 9005:. University of Toronto Press. p. 197. 8999:Bumsted, J. M. (1999). Magocsi, Paul (ed.). 8597:"Statement by Prime Minister Stephen Harper" 8130:. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011 7783:"Canadians back Chrétien on war, poll finds" 7085:"Under USMCA, Canada rolls with 'new NAFTA'" 6303:Grande, Peggy (2017). "8: Rawhide's Ranch". 6068: 6066: 5840: 5321:, December 1969, Vol. 15 Issue 4, pp 332–348 5247: 5003: 4323:"Canadians Satisfied with U.S. Relationship" 4202:Canada, Global Affairs (November 24, 2022). 2527:Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan 1479:, working closely with his Foreign Minister 1297:. Over 50,000 people heard Harding speak in 1105:were small-scale attacks carried out by the 747:that resulted in the British burning of the 704:seizure of 6,000 sailors from American ships 10096:Former Residence of the Canadian Ambassador 9372:Anderson, Greg; Sands, Christopher (2011). 9136: 8672:"Canadians and Americans think a lot alike" 7860:"U.S. warns Canada against easing pot laws" 7285: 6662:"Canada–U.S. border agreement a good thing" 6628: 6154: 4475: 4462:. Environics Institute for Survey Research. 2650: 2590:maintains a public relations website named 2309:, and the United States that succeeded the 1643:(mostly to Niagara, and the north shore of 1333:waged largely on North American territory: 783:as a counterweight to the largely American 14212: 14198: 13885: 12286: 12272: 12051: 11401: 11387: 10106:Ambassadors of the United States to Canada 10091:Ambassadors of Canada to the United States 10049: 10035: 9864:(Toronto: Monetary Times Printing, 1892). 9607:https://doi.org/10.1177/002070206301800201 9575:Justin Trudeau and Canadian foreign policy 9172:"Poll: Deep anti-Bush sentiment in Canada" 9070:Anti-Americanism: Comparative perspectives 9032: 8188: 8102:"COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION" 7747:Cox, Wayne S.; Charbonneau, Bruno (2010). 7696:"Pilots blamed for 'friendly fire' deaths" 7407: 7359:Canadian Peace Research Institute (2006). 6335:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5226: 4516: 4123: 3615:Canadian public opinion on U.S. presidents 3370:Canadian free trade with the United States 2808:, the U.S. has placed tariffs on Canadian 2156:President Barack Obama and Prime Minister 1651:attracted American prospectors, mostly to 1447:during World War II. At the time it was a 881:The British Empire was neutral during the 12200:Mining in Latin America and the Caribbean 10763:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 9756:The War of 1812: Conflict for a Continent 9626:Americanization: Issues for the Seventies 9480:The Black Book of Canadian Foreign Policy 9302:Canada, Global Affairs (April 29, 2021). 8407:"Election of 1891: A Question of Loyalty" 8222:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 227. 6063: 5920: 5433: 5065: 4449: 3381:Canada's first Prime Minister also said: 3262:Historical boundary disputes include the 2795:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 2720:. David Murray, an assistant to the U.S. 2627:. Many Canadians, and the former Liberal 2176:On November 6, 2015, Obama announced the 1923:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 1877:obligations, to try and appease Kennedy. 193:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 14450:Bilateral relations of the United States 14283:Commission for Environmental Cooperation 10733:Foreign ownership of companies of Canada 10624:North American Aerospace Defense Command 10174:International Pacific Halibut Commission 9890:European Review of International Studies 9810:(4th ed. McGill-Queen's UP, 2008), 387pp 9750:(2011) pp 517–41, covers FDR's policies 9719:Mount, Graeme S. and Edelgard Mahant. '' 9460:The British Empire and the United States 9321:"Embassy of the United States in Ottawa" 8284: 7543: 7517: 5831:, Spring 1997, Vol. 88 Issue 2, pp 59–69 5686: 5567: 5273:. Oxford University Press. p. 206. 5115: 4735: 4320: 4251:"The Canada–U.S. border: by the numbers" 4088:this important and complex relationship, 3618: 3585: 3557: 3305: 3210: 3123:North American Aerospace Defense Command 2914:as one aspect of its monitoring duties. 2908:Commission for Environmental Cooperation 2898:. As part of the negotiations to create 2844: 2776: 2660: 2608: 2579:, with 2,300 troops, and supervises the 2530: 2439:North American Aerospace Defense Command 2385: 2343: 2265: 2139: 2047: 2012: 1984: 1948: 1904: 1776: 1705: 1631:before 1775 and were neutral during the 1589: 1543: 1514: 1466: 1345: 1222:made it a central campaign issue in the 1200: 1147: 1068: 864: 504: 430: 97:Canadian Ambassador to the United States 12313: 11421: 11369:Category:Canada–United States relations 11229:North American Water and Power Alliance 10420:Shootings of Alfred and Rosemary Podgis 9984:U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada 9507:Granatstein, J. L. and Norman Hillmer, 9434:(Congressional Research Service, 2021) 8998: 8535:J. L. Granatstein and Robert Bothwell, 8522:J. L. Granatstein and Robert Bothwell, 8509:J. L. Granatstein and Robert Bothwell, 8440:Documents on American foreign relations 7806: 7774: 7643: 7566: 7492:says, Teknoloji Alemi (April 8, 2020). 7468: 7430:(Congressional Research Service, 2021) 7167: 7141: 6774:Cullen, Catherine (November 17, 2015). 6248: 6160: 5906: 5729: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5047: 4401: 4061: 3351:Views of presidents and prime ministers 3200: 2840: 2573:International Security Assistance Force 2489:Secretary of State for External Affairs 1404:Canada allowed the construction of the 953:St. Albans, Vermont on October 19, 1864 479:(1744–1748), and from 1755 to 1763 the 14432: 14313:North American Competitiveness Council 14249:Agreement on Environmental Cooperation 12302:Foreign relations of the United States 11111:Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec 10823:North American SuperCorridor Coalition 10270:Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina 9801:Canadian-American Relations, 1875–1911 9712:Mount, Graeme S. and Edelgard Mahant. 9534: 9336: 9301: 9100: 8964: 8470:. Canada.usembassy.gov. Archived from 8249: 7958: 7924: 7884: 7780: 7324: 7250: 7030: 7012:Lea, Brittany De (November 30, 2018). 6894:Harris, Kathleen (November 10, 2016). 6893: 6773: 6710: 6678: 6390: 6302: 6222: 6125:(University of Pittsburgh Press. 2005) 6072: 5505: 5266: 4909: 4897: 4814: 4716: 4346: 4222:House, The White (February 24, 2021). 4201: 3979:United Kingdom–United States relations 3955:Foreign relations of the United States 2561:al-Qaeda attacks on September 11, 2001 2471: 2460:. There is also debate on whether the 1749:Relations between political executives 1505:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1305:was unveiled in Stanley Park in 1925. 1190: 14260:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement 14193: 13970: 13884: 12312: 12267: 12164:History of Canadian foreign relations 12145: 12050: 11420: 11382: 10998:Canada–United States sports rivalries 10808:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement 10030: 9753: 9523:Canadian Journal of Political Science 8639: 8303: 7807:Spector, Norman (November 20, 2006). 7475:Michigan Journal of International Law 7253:Canadian Journal of Political Science 6711:Harris, Kathleen (November 6, 2015). 6610: 6275: 5913:Études Canadiennes / Canadian Studies 5621:The Presidency of William Howard Taft 5602: 5532: 5473: 5365: 5096: 4867: 4697: 4291: 4221: 3925:Canada–United States sports rivalries 3579:and Jean-Charles Harvey (1891–1967). 3059:International Development Association 2985: 2669:meets with U.S. Secretary of Defense 2520: 2097:, Stephen Harper was given a case of 1293:, hosted a lunch in his honor at the 1132: 1001:Coast. Seward was a firm believer in 854: 807:Post War of 1812 and mid-19th century 225: 220:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement 11199:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative 11118:Letters to the inhabitants of Canada 10783:Mandatory country-of-origin labeling 10512:2023 Lake Huron high-altitude object 10154:Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty 10126:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs 10121:Consulate General of Canada, Chicago 10101:Embassy of the United States, Ottawa 9979:Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. 9827: 9793:, 37#3 (May 2004), pp. 309–334 9748:A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt 9658:Dissertation Abstracts International 9540:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 9343:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 8905:, 2009, Vol. 19 Issue 1, pp 279–305, 8766:See Jacob Poushter and Bruce Drake, 8569: 8427:John A. Macdonald: The Old Chieftain 8191:"Canada has water, the U.S wants it" 8189:Montgomery, Marc (October 1, 2015). 7491: 7426:See Congressional Research Service. 7292:. Taylor & Francis. p. 63. 6742: 6397:. Wilfrid Laurier U.P. p. 115. 6371: 5748: 5730:Carlson, Peter (December 30, 2005). 5509:World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia 5302:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 5166: 5019:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 12. 5009: 4639:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 4257:. CBC/Radio-Canada. December 7, 2011 4151: 3717: 3444:Trudeau Washington Press Club speech 3301: 2971:Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty 2927:Canadian minister of the environment 2773:Canada–United States trade relations 2588:Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. 1812:signed a defense pact, known as the 1647:). In the mid and late 19th century 1609: 1329:developed a plan for a war with the 1301:. A monument to Harding designed by 1181:International Boundary Waters Treaty 1039: 85:Embassy of the United States, Ottawa 14245:North American Free Trade Agreement 13719:Greater Republic of Central America 13714:Federal Republic of Central America 11008:Women's national ice hockey rivalry 10768:North American Free Trade Agreement 10116:Consulate General of Canada, Boston 10086:Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C. 9872:American Review of Canadian Studies 9690:American Review of Canadian Studies 9660:, 1978, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p5696-5697 9596:International Social Science Review 9445:(University of Toronto Press, 2002) 9425:Cold fire: Kennedy's northern front 7885:Canada, Health (January 23, 2020). 7866:from the original on March 24, 2009 7011: 6679:Jordan, Roger (November 20, 2015). 6495:"Obama loses boozy bet with Harper" 6372:Jehl, Douglas (February 24, 1995). 6276:Brean, Joseph (November 17, 2014). 6223:Potter, Mitch (November 18, 2013). 6149:The Franco-Americans of New England 5945:American Review of Canadian Studies 5882:British Journal of Canadian Studies 5843:American Review of Canadian Studies 5401:American Nineteenth Century History 5330: 4321:Poushter, Jacob (October 6, 2015). 4297: 4152:Hale, Geoffrey (November 1, 2012). 4064:American Review of Canadian Studies 3539: 3364:, speaking at the beginning of the 3117:North American Free Trade Agreement 3064:International Ice Hockey Federation 2871:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 2855:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 2835:North American Free Trade Agreement 2787:Trade disputes over softwood lumber 2635:(as well as many Americans such as 2311:North American Free Trade Agreement 1604:North American Free Trade Agreement 1596:North American Free Trade Agreement 1529: 1248: 216:North American Free Trade Agreement 197:North American Free Trade Agreement 80:Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C. 13: 14373:North American energy independence 11284:Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline 10851:American entry into Canada by land 10803:CSeries dumping petition by Boeing 10410:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy 9974:History of Canada – U.S. relations 9899: 9358: 9143:. U. of Ottawa Press. p. 11. 8457:. The American Presidency Project. 8356:Matthew Carnaghan, Allison Goody, 7518:Herrmann, Thomas (June 27, 2019). 7031:Montes, Juan (February 13, 2019). 5803:Canadian Issues / Thèmes Canadiens 5250:"The Confederate Blockade Runners" 4879:George F. G. Stanley, 1983, p. 32 3432: 3134:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2912:North American Environmental Atlas 2865:(IJC), established as part of the 2435:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1687:went north to form communities in 1575:President Jimmy Carter (1977–1981) 1172:1907 saw a minor controversy over 1137: 1125:Disputes over ocean boundaries on 980:Senate Foreign Relations Committee 739:support from Native Americans and 710:, and British support for hostile 277: 268: 14: 14461: 11179:Pugets Sound Agricultural Company 10828:Pacific Northwest Economic Region 10708:Exclusive economic zone of Canada 10465:Canadian Guantanamo Bay detainees 10223:U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement 9967: 9758:. Cambridge Essential Histories. 9730:(Kent State UP, 2015). x, 326 pp. 8937:. Penn State Press. p. 105. 8892:(U. of Toronto Press, 1990) p. 25 8570:Frum, David (September 9, 2011). 7646:"Iran Rescue: Our Bashful Heroes" 7644:Gervais, Marty (March 28, 1981). 7550:Cornell International Law Journal 6786:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 6754:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 6743:Hall, Chris (November 20, 2015). 6723:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 6475:from the original on June 6, 2009 5893:Don Munton and John Kirton, eds. 4169:Canadian Global Affairs Institute 3515: 3054:International Chamber of Commerce 3034:Food and Agriculture Organization 3008:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2559:in Afghanistan shortly after the 1927:U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement 1552:of the Parliament of Canada, 1972 1416:(British) air forces through the 989:When American Secretary of State 962: 906:Blockade runners loaded with arms 445:British conquest of French Canada 13834:Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe 12525:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 12361:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12295: 11364: 11363: 11309:Territorial claims in the Arctic 11015:Comparison of healthcare systems 10955:Territorial claims in the Arctic 10818:International Fuel Tax Agreement 10663:Permanent Joint Board on Defense 10490:Extradition case of Meng Wanzhou 10380:1950 British Columbia B-36 crash 10375:1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance 10068: 10058: 9989:Canadian Association of New York 9482:. Co-published: RED Publishing, 9430:Congressional Research Service. 9337:Nugent, Walter (June 10, 2008). 9330: 9313: 9295: 9277: 9252: 9234: 9209: 9190: 9164: 9137:La Bossière, Camille R. (1994). 9130: 9094: 9060: 9026: 9002:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples 8992: 8958: 8924: 8895: 8882: 8869: 8856: 8843: 8800: 8776: 8760: 8744: 8721: 8691: 8664: 8633: 8615: 8589: 8563: 8542: 8529: 8516: 8503: 8492:From a speech by Trudeau to the 8486: 8460: 8445: 8432: 8419: 8399: 8373: 8350: 8316: 8297: 8278: 8243: 8209: 8182: 8164:"Resources – Climate Prosperity" 8156: 8120: 8094: 8060: 8041: 8023: 8001: 7979: 7952: 7918: 7904: 7878: 7852: 7826: 7740: 7607: 7560: 7537: 7511: 7485: 7462: 7437: 7420: 7401: 7378: 7352: 7318: 7306: 7286:Mingst, K.; Karns, M.P. (2019). 7223: 7205: 7187: 7161: 7135: 7103: 7077: 7043: 7024: 7005: 6992: 6986: 6966: 6940: 6915: 6887: 6857: 6831: 6799: 6767: 6736: 6704: 6672: 6654: 6584: 6552: 6512: 6487: 6461: 6436: 6426:"Prime ministers and presidents" 6418: 6384: 4823:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 4457:"Canada's Current Role in World" 4347:Brenan, Megan (March 21, 2023). 4204:"Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy" 4034: 4022: 4010: 3503:, in a statement congratulating 3448: 2853:at the signing ceremony for the 2789:exist between the two countries. 2704:Drug policy of the United States 2697: 2431:Permanent Joint Board of Defense 1671:attracted many farmers from the 1388:Permanent Joint Board on Defense 1213:government in 1911 negotiated a 861:Canada in the American Civil War 759:. However, Britain held much of 678: 669: 518:, depicting the failed American 464:attacking enemy merchant ships. 420: 251: 238: 169:Military collaboration was close 57: 46: 27: 11184:Rum-running in Windsor, Ontario 10948:Wales Island (British Columbia) 10575:Vietnam War resisters in Canada 10507:2023 Yukon high-altitude object 10263:Climate Change Action Plan 2001 9923:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. 9586:Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 9403:(Oxford University Press, 2014) 9101:Lipset, Seymour Martin (1990). 8851:Encyclopedia of the War of 1812 8789:. June 26, 2017. Archived from 8731:. Gallup.com. February 19, 2010 7887:"Cannabis laws and regulations" 6365: 6296: 6269: 6242: 6216: 6203: 6141: 6128: 6115: 6073:Barkan, Elliott Robert (1980). 6051: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5992: 5976: 5960: 5937: 5900: 5887: 5874: 5861: 5834: 5821: 5808: 5795: 5782: 5769: 5742: 5723: 5680: 5664: 5642: 5626: 5613: 5596: 5561: 5526: 5499: 5486: 5467: 5427: 5406: 5393: 5359: 5324: 5311: 5294: 5260: 5241: 5220: 5204: 5191: 5153: 5140: 5074: 5041: 4962:The Journal of American History 4936: 4919: 4882: 4873: 4848: 4808: 4795: 4782: 4761: 4756:The French Canadians, 1760–1945 4748: 4729: 4719:Social History/Histoire Sociale 4710: 4691: 4678: 4665: 4630: 4604: 4591: 4578: 4565: 4540: 3140:Organization of American States 3099:National Basketball Association 3076:International Olympic Committee 2819:Canadian cultural protectionism 2781:Timber being floated along the 2468:or under Canadian sovereignty. 2366:2020 U.S. presidential election 2288:2016 U.S. presidential election 2250:. Obama complimented Trudeau's 1993:Relations between Chrétien and 1957:summit meeting in November 1993 1856:and helped force it out of the 1521:Vietnam War resisters in Canada 1438: 1369: 1289:, and then mayor of Vancouver, 1197:Reciprocity (Canadian politics) 597:. Clark later retook it in the 548:northeastern Quebec was invaded 538:in Quebec and the Colonists in 520:invasion of northeastern Quebec 14440:Canada–United States relations 14419:Mexico–United States relations 14414:Canada–United States relations 14288:North American Leaders' Summit 14254:Agreement on Labor Cooperation 12746:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 11209:Champlain Hudson Power Express 11157:Great Lakes Fishery Commission 10976:American immigration to Canada 10793:Regulatory Cooperation Council 10563:War Resisters Support Campaign 10159:Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 10065:Canada–United States relations 9743:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 126–140. 9427:(Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 2016) 8971:. McGill-Queens. p. 138. 8438:Council on Foreign Relations, 8073:. Cambridge U.P. p. 157. 7781:Harper, Tim (March 22, 2003). 7142:Watkins, Eli (June 10, 2018). 4958:"Interchange: The War of 1812" 4552:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 4340: 4314: 4243: 4193: 4110:"Canada and the United States" 4053: 3623:Anti-Trump rally organized in 3607:, quoting Canadian playwright 3546:Anti-Americanism § Canada 3530:President of the United States 2980:Permanent Court of Arbitration 2956:Newfoundland fisheries dispute 2867:Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 2863:International Joint Commission 2605:) of peacekeeping operations. 2581:Provincial Reconstruction Team 2205:McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet 1755:President of the United States 1616:American immigration to Canada 1355:Queen's University at Kingston 1327:United States Army War College 1233: 1185:International Joint Commission 1152:Border claims made during the 627: 22:Canada–United States relations 1: 14445:Bilateral relations of Canada 14358:North American monetary union 11055:Montreal Annexation Manifesto 9938:Arthur E. Blanchette (2000). 9917:Arthur E. Blanchette (1994). 9665:The Americanization of Canada 9628:(McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1972). 8640:Waugh, Basil (July 7, 2011). 8358:"Canadian Arctic Sovereignty" 8216:Michael Rheta Martin (1978). 6668:. Toronto. September 6, 2012. 5763:10.1080/07075332.1997.9640804 5372:. Cambridge U.P. p. 53. 5254:United States Naval Institute 4478:"Anti-Americanism in Canada?" 4047: 3682:'s friendship with President 3566:from "Dominion House", while 3339:in 1985, which resulted in a 3129:North American Numbering Plan 2938:freshwater supplies in Canada 2665:Canadian Minister of Defence 2619:Canada and Iraq War resisters 2246:and which country had better 2180:'s rejection of the proposed 1317:dragged both countries down. 821:Revolts in favor of democracy 565:, owing to the leadership of 105:American Ambassador to Canada 11169:Halifax Fisheries Commission 11162:Great Lakes Areas of Concern 11025:Canadian Society of New York 11020:Canada lunar sample displays 10548:Iraq War resisters in Canada 10023:at Dartmouth College Library 9909:1#21 (1985) pp. 176–79 9641:Canada and the United States 9588:ahead-of-print (2015): 1–6. 9458:Dunning, William Archibald. 9033:Wennersten, John R. (2008). 8197:. Radio Canada International 7544:Rothwell, Donald R. (1993). 6471:. Ctv.ca. January 28, 2009. 6307:(First ed.). New York. 6225:"JFK's war with Diefenbaker" 5751:International History Review 5634:Canada and the United States 5227:David Keys (June 24, 2014). 4271:"The world's longest border" 3713:Resident diplomatic missions 2975:Treaty of Washington of 1871 2940:and long-term concern about 2837:(NAFTA) such as Chapter 11. 2121:Food and Drug Administration 2040:waters with military force. 1077:in 1870. The American-based 610:parts of southwestern Canada 7: 13954:International organizations 13854:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 13709:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 12105:International organizations 11410:Foreign relations of Canada 11234:Northwest Area Water Supply 11189:United States passport card 10592:First Special Service Force 10435:Reference Re Ng Extradition 10297:International Space Station 9854:(London: Macmillan, 1892). 9685:; well-regarded older study 8323:Kurkpatrick Dorsey (2009). 5915:(85). Open Edition: 67–96. 5829:Pacific Northwest Quarterly 5689:Journal of Economic History 5672:Journal of American History 5657:September 16, 2015, at the 5248:Paul Hendren (April 1933). 5179:"Alabama Claims, 1862–1872" 4494:10.1177/0002716288497001009 4402:Carroll, Michael K (2016). 3950:Foreign relations of Canada 3920:Canada–United States border 3906: 3070:International Monetary Fund 2515:Central Intelligence Agency 2092:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1977:on separation from Canada. 1501:International Monetary Fund 1477:William Lyon Mackenzie King 1462: 1380:William Lyon Mackenzie King 871:raid at St. Albans, Vermont 187:and multilaterally through 10: 14466: 14228:North American integration 13997:Proclamation of Neutrality 13784:North German Confederation 12147:Diplomacy and other topics 11299:Portland–Montreal pipeline 11269:Gas Transmission Northwest 11194:Western Climate Initiative 11128:Royal Proclamation of 1763 10981:Expulsion of the Loyalists 10863:1985 Polar Sea controversy 10629:Distant Early Warning Line 10570:Canada and the Vietnam War 10470:Northeast blackout of 2003 10415:Kidnapping of Sidney Jaffe 10203:The Merchant–Heeney Report 9616:International Organization 9362: 9067:O'Connor, Brendon (2007). 8252:Canadian Historical Review 7753:. UBC Press. p. 119. 7331:. UBC Press. p. 107. 5535:Canadian Historical Review 5420:November 13, 2020, at the 5148:Canadian Historical Review 4815:Rawlyk, George A. (1994). 3657:2012 presidential election 3645:2004 presidential election 3543: 3204: 2946:parts of the United States 2770: 2701: 2654: 2612: 2524: 2475: 2370:Presidency of Donald Trump 2305:concluded between Canada, 2238:for an official visit and 2184:, the fourth phase of the 2160:first met formally at the 1613: 1582:" that hurt both nations. 1533: 1518: 1431:. Canadian leaders feared 1194: 1141: 1043: 966: 949:Confederate Secret Service 858: 631: 608:compelled Britain to cede 528:American Revolutionary War 501:American Revolutionary War 498: 495:American Revolutionary War 424: 415: 14404: 14381: 14350: 14326: 14301: 14275: 14268: 14234: 14225: 14116: 14070: 13985: 13981: 13966: 13894: 13880: 13686: 13651: 13615: 13584: 13563: 13556: 13496: 13393: 13315: 13247: 13240: 13128: 13062: 13004: 12951: 12915: 12908: 12833: 12810: 12759: 12683: 12676: 12581: 12545: 12497: 12389: 12333: 12326: 12322: 12308: 12213: 12192: 12156: 12152: 12141: 12097: 12061: 12057: 12046: 12017: 11996: 11813: 11623: 11522: 11431: 11427: 11416: 11360: 11314:Simultaneous substitution 11224:International Control Dam 11174:Pacific Salmon Commission 11003:Junior ice hockey rivalry 10963: 10933:Saint Croix Island, Maine 10898:Republic of Indian Stream 10836: 10693: 10520: 10400:Edmonton aircraft bombing 10305: 10144:Treaty of New York (1796) 10134: 10078: 9746:Pederson, William D. ed. 9073:. Greenwood. p. 60. 9039:. Greenwood. p. 44. 8677:The Canadian Encyclopedia 8148:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7931:. BID-INTAL. p. 19. 7396:Pritzker Military Library 7313:Background note on Canada 7265:10.1017/s0008423919000040 7014:"NAFTA 2.0: What to know" 6544:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6161:Brookes, Alan A. (1980). 6121:John J. Bukowczyk et al. 6044:(1940); David D. Harvey, 5855:10.1080/02722019809481611 5701:10.1017/S0022050700019549 5661:. Retrieved June 11, 2017 5570:Pacific Historical Review 5512:. ABC-CLIO. p. 142. 5333:Pacific Historical Review 4114:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4076:10.1080/02722019909481638 3570:watches in the background 3426:, Montreal, May 25, 1967. 3341:minor diplomatic incident 3321:(the sea passages in the 3177:World Health Organization 2541:1st Special Service Force 2446:Pritzker Military Library 2360:Following the victory of 2282:Following the victory of 2213:American-led intervention 2200:on addressing the issue. 1975:1995 referendum in Quebec 1874:President John F. Kennedy 1550:addresses a joint session 1361:In 1938, as the roots of 845:Fifty-Four Forty or Fight 781:Anglican Church of Canada 544:Articles of Confederation 449:American colonial militia 141:Canadian anti-Americanism 95: 90: 78: 73: 69: 56: 45: 35: 26: 14337:The Council of Canadians 13789:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg 12351:Central African Republic 11986:Turks and Caicos Islands 11289:Northern Border Pipeline 11274:Great Lakes Transmission 11254:Alberta Clipper pipeline 11150:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 10773:Northwest Cattle Project 10639:Continental NORAD Region 10582:CIA activities in Canada 10395:CIA activities in Canada 10248:Boston–Halifax relations 10233:Smart Border Declaration 10193:Second Quebec Conference 9999:August 13, 2017, at the 9525:(2014) 47#1 pp: 135–157. 9518:(2014) 26#4 pp: 453–474. 8875:Damien-Claude Bélanger, 8383:. CTV.ca. Archived from 7676:. CBC News. July 6, 2004 7567:Charron, Andrea (2005). 7524:University of Washington 7394:"Ties That Bind" at the 7385:Webcast Panel Discussion 7325:Lennox, Patrick (2009). 7039:– via www.wsj.com. 6952:Prime Minister of Canada 6686:World Socialist Web Site 6179:Harvard University Press 6091:Harvard University Press 5805:, December 2004, pp 6–10 5603:Ellis, Lewis E. (1968). 5506:Tucker, Spencer (2011). 5494:Diplomacy and Statecraft 5434:Kurlansky, Mark (1998). 5199:Dixie & the Dominion 4420:10.1177/0020702015619857 3994:CIA activities in Canada 3631:United States President 3484:In late 2001, President 3292:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 3253:Canadian Internal Waters 3183:World Trade Organization 3111:National Lacrosse League 2896:Midwestern United States 2766: 2651:Responding to ISIS/Daesh 2416:CIA activities in Canada 2410:, and most recently the 1885:In 1965, Prime Minister 1767:Prime Minister of Canada 1585: 1578:investments during "the 1418:Clayton Knight Committee 833:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 658:, and so he opposed the 532:American revolutionaries 483:(known in Europe as the 14409:Canada–Mexico relations 13949:Third Border Initiative 11062:Annexation Bill of 1866 10971:Anti-Canadian sentiment 10943:Sugar Island (Michigan) 10918:Oregon boundary dispute 10868:Alaska boundary dispute 10651:Operation Yellow Ribbon 10543:Canada and the Iraq War 10292:Arctic Economic Council 10282:Arctic Ocean Conference 10181:First Quebec Conference 10011:August 9, 2017, at the 9958:Riddell, Walter A. ed. 9785:excerpt and text search 7862:. Cbc.ca. May 2, 2003. 7469:Pharand, Donat (1989). 7315:, U.S. State Department 6391:Drache, Daniel (2008). 6263:10.1111/1467-7709.00340 5970:34.12 (1978): 484–492. 5954:March 23, 2009, at the 5086:excerpt and text search 5010:Wood, James A. (2010). 4768:George W. Geib (1987). 4099:Oxford University Press 3969:North Atlantic triangle 3288:Alaska Boundary Dispute 3276:Oregon boundary dispute 2806:softwood lumber dispute 2741:Liberal Party of Canada 2615:Canada and the Iraq War 2557:American special forces 2221:Canadian special forces 2085:U.S. Secretary of State 2003:Operation Yellow Ribbon 1858:Commonwealth of Nations 1794:First Quebec Conference 1713:landing in present-day 1661:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush 1637:United Empire Loyalists 1627:settled large parts of 1457:Newfoundland referendum 1310:Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act 1154:Alaska boundary dispute 1144:Alaska boundary dispute 1052:Oregon boundary dispute 801:Anglican Bishop of York 599:Siege of Fort Vincennes 333:Constitutional monarchy 165:rejection of free trade 13859:Kingdom of Württemberg 13849:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 13411:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12226:Diplomatic missions of 12052:Multilateral relations 11836:Bosnia and Herzegovina 10938:Strait of Juan de Fuca 10878:Bering Sea Arbitration 10718:Atlantica (trade zone) 10430:Arrow Air Flight 1285R 10345:Cypress Hills Massacre 10275:Canadaville, Louisiana 9754:Stagg, J.C.A. (2012). 9639:Keenleyside, Hugh Ll. 8965:Glazov, Jamie (2002). 8703:Unitednorthamerica.org 8699:"United North America" 8412:April 6, 2008, at the 8363:March 4, 2012, at the 7498:Brown Political Review 5907:Stewart, Luke (2018). 5632:Hugh Ll. Keenleyside, 5123:"Underground Railroad" 5080:Orrin Edward Tiffany, 3628: 3591: 3571: 3437: 3388: 3314: 3310:Popular routes on the 3233:Strait of Juan de Fuca 3220: 3105:National Hockey League 3013:Canadian Hockey League 2963:Treaty of Paris (1783) 2858: 2831:agricultural subsidies 2790: 2678: 2548: 2535:American and Canadian 2357: 2279: 2252:2015 election campaign 2153: 2119:and the United States 2053: 2018: 1990: 1958: 1910: 1797: 1718: 1599: 1553: 1472: 1425:British Columbia Coast 1358: 1246: 1239:one historian reports: 1206: 1157: 1082: 1046:Canadian Confederation 978:, the chairman of the 878: 523: 440: 437:French and Indian Wars 427:French and Indian Wars 340:presidential republic 282: 273: 218:(NAFTA), and the 2020 206:exports, the issue of 183:, bilaterally through 161:Canadian Confederation 135:is deeply embedded in 12381:São Tomé and Príncipe 12366:Republic of the Congo 12240:Global Affairs Canada 11219:Lake Champlain Seaway 11101:Godfrey–Milliken Bill 10658:Operation Inland Seas 10644:Operation Noble Eagle 10538:Canadian peacekeeping 10528:2nd Canadian Regiment 10495:Canada convoy protest 10455:Korean Air Flight 085 10445:United States v Burns 10425:1984 Montreal bombing 10365:Trail Smelter dispute 10198:Columbia River Treaty 10164:Migratory Bird Treaty 9944:. Dundurn Press Ltd. 9881:38.3 (2010): 395–418 9817:31#3 (1976): 529–45. 9815:International Journal 9432:Canada–U.S. Relations 9363:Further information: 8442:(1957) Volume 9 p 558 8264:10.3138/chr-046-01-02 8035:News.nationalpost.com 7925:Miller, Eric (2002). 7573:International Journal 7428:Canada–U.S. Relations 7390:July 4, 2013, at the 6598:on September 10, 2013 5884:23.2 (2010): 179–206. 5818:, Vol. 15, pp 207–230 5547:10.3138/chr-051-04-04 5403:12.3 (2011): 265–287. 5366:Shain, Yossi (1999). 5048:Dunning, Tom (2009). 4974:10.1093/jahist/jas236 4944:The Kingdom of Canada 4601:(2014) 93#1 pp. 128+. 4408:International Journal 4147:. September 18, 2018. 3622: 3589: 3561: 3544:Further information: 3532:from Donald Trump to 3468:Pierre Elliot Trudeau 3436: 3393:John Sparrow Thompson 3383: 3309: 3214: 3087:Major League Baseball 2886:Air Quality Agreement 2848: 2804:In the course of the 2797:, there have been no 2780: 2708:Drug policy of Canada 2664: 2625:2003 invasion of Iraq 2609:2003 Invasion of Iraq 2534: 2513:prepared by the U.S. 2386:Military and security 2347: 2269: 2178:U.S. State Department 2143: 2051: 2016: 1988: 1952: 1908: 1810:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1786:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1780: 1709: 1593: 1547: 1519:Further information: 1515:Vietnam War resisters 1470: 1384:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1351:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1349: 1241: 1204: 1151: 1075:Battle of Eccles Hill 1072: 912:to break through the 868: 526:At the outset of the 508: 481:French and Indian War 434: 281: 272: 163:(1867), and Canada's 133:Canadian peacekeeping 14368:North American Union 14171:Special Relationship 14012:Good Neighbor policy 13774:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 13769:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13764:Grand Duchy of Hesse 13699:Grand Duchy of Baden 13373:Special Relationship 13223:United Arab Emirates 11800:United Arab Emirates 11351:The Fight for Canada 11337:Talking to Americans 11123:Indian barrier state 10753:Macdonald Commission 10723:Branch plant economy 10668:Ogdensburg Agreement 10634:North Warning System 10587:Defence Scheme No. 2 10460:Tarnak Farm incident 10370:Defence Scheme No. 1 9779:Stuart, Reginald C. 8917:Paula Ruth Gilbert, 8652:on September 1, 2020 8629:. February 19, 2009. 8387:on February 22, 2011 7625:on February 19, 2013 7449:www.wilsoncenter.org 7237:. February 23, 2021. 7168:Dangerfield, Katie. 6432:. February 18, 2009. 6163:"Canadians, British" 6134:J. Castell Hopkins, 5788:Galen Roger Perras, 5732:"Raiding the Icebox" 5304:4.4 (1918): 470–483 5267:Sexton, Jay (2005). 5150:, 1958 39(1): 24–40. 5097:Cross, L.D. (2010). 4571:John Herd Thompson, 4154:"So Near Yet So Far" 3935:Canadian nationalism 3368:(fought mostly over 3327:international strait 3201:Territorial disputes 3049:G-20 major economies 2841:Environmental issues 2815:Canadian Wheat Board 2599:New Democratic Party 2466:international waters 2303:free trade agreement 2234:Trudeau visited the 2182:Keystone XL pipeline 2071:hosted by Canada in 2069:2010 Winter Olympics 2032:for criticizing the 1999:September 11 attacks 1814:Ogdensburg Agreement 1487:; and helped design 1453:Economic Union Party 1449:British crown colony 1433:American imperialism 1323:Defence Scheme No. 1 1264:British Commonwealth 1228:Canadian nationalism 849:Underground Railroad 745:attack on Washington 579:Louisville, Kentucky 210:, and the threat of 14389:2026 FIFA World Cup 14161:Progressive realism 14156:Non-interventionism 14007:Roosevelt Corollary 13944:Major non-NATO ally 13829:Kingdom of Sardinia 13754:Hanseatic Republics 12751:Trinidad and Tobago 12736:St. Kitts and Nevis 12691:Antigua and Barbuda 11600:Trinidad and Tobago 11422:Bilateral relations 11344:Lament for a Nation 11249:Alaska gas pipeline 11239:St. Lawrence Seaway 10903:Machias Seal Island 10619:Montreal Laboratory 10213:Great Lakes Charter 9892:6.3 (2019): 30–56. 9791:The History Teacher 9774:Canada–US Relations 9677:McInnis, Edgard W. 9500:Granatstein, J. L. 9484:Fernwood Publishing 9441:Clarkson, Stephen. 9248:. November 6, 2016. 8862:J. L. Granatstein, 8771:Pew research Center 8603:on January 13, 2010 8500:, on March 25, 1969 8494:National Press Club 8037:. February 4, 2011. 7987:"Clean Air Markets" 7840:on October 10, 2016 7219:. January 22, 2021. 7037:Wall Street Journal 6982:. January 29, 2020. 6819:. December 28, 2015 6642:on November 8, 2014 6167:Thernstrom, Stephan 6079:Thernstrom, Stephan 6040:Marcus Lee Hansen, 6014:Marcus Lee Hansen, 5736:The Washington Post 5623:(1973) pp. 141–152. 5496:19.1 (2008): 20-41. 5442:. Penguin. p. 4684:Howard H. Peckham, 4187:. January 16, 2013. 3888:(Consulate-General) 3882:(Consulate-General) 3876:(Consulate-General) 3870:(Consulate-General) 3864:(Consulate-General) 3858:(Consulate-General) 3815:(Consulate-General) 3809:(Consulate-General) 3803:(Consulate-General) 3797:(Consulate-General) 3791:(Consulate-General) 3785:(Consulate-General) 3779:(Consulate-General) 3773:(Consulate-General) 3767:(Consulate-General) 3741:(Consulate-General) 3278:at the present day 3241:Machias Seal Island 3217:Machias Seal Island 3093:Major League Soccer 2472:Iran hostage crisis 2352:and Prime Minister 2274:and Prime Minister 2198:worldwide consensus 2162:APEC summit meeting 2148:and Prime Minister 1757:serves as both the 1663:, and later to the 1633:American Revolution 1485:UN Security Council 1395:Quadrant conference 1191:Free trade rejected 593:, the commander at 571:George Rogers Clark 563:southwestern Quebec 390:National languages 231: 208:illegal immigration 148:American Revolution 23: 18:Bilateral relations 14363:NAFTA superhighway 14351:Theorized projects 14342:John Birch Society 14151:Middle East policy 13749:Kingdom of Hanover 13704:Kingdom of Bavaria 12716:Dominican Republic 12221:Canadian diplomats 12179:War in Afghanistan 11560:Dominican Republic 11294:Northwest Pipeline 11264:Brunswick Pipeline 11106:Invasion of Quebec 10695:Economic relations 10521:Military relations 10440:Pacific Salmon War 9860:Lawder, Robert H. 9726:Myers, Phillip E. 9705:Molloy, Patricia. 9663:Lumsden, Ian, ed. 9416:Bothwell, Robert. 9412:online 2012 review 9221:The Globe and Mail 9178:. October 20, 2004 8814:. January 18, 2018 8741:published in 2010. 8425:Donald Creighton, 8011:. January 25, 2005 7813:The Globe and Mail 7398:on August 17, 2012 7056:The New York Times 6979:The New York Times 6817:The Canadian Press 6666:The Globe and Mail 6568:. February 4, 2011 6499:The Globe and Mail 6378:The New York Times 6251:Diplomatic History 6075:"French Canadians" 5871:(1982) pp 420–424. 5775:Arnold A. Offner, 5619:Paolo E. Coletta, 5184:GlobalSecurity.org 4801:Bradford Perkins, 4618:. February 3, 2011 4527:Kim Richard Nossal 4171:. August 1, 2018. 4145:McGill Law Journal 3930:Canadian Americans 3915:American Canadians 3671:The Globe and Mail 3629: 3592: 3572: 3438: 3315: 3221: 2986:Common memberships 2891:ground level ozone 2859: 2849:Richard Nixon and 2791: 2737:Conservative Party 2679: 2565:Operation Anaconda 2549: 2521:War in Afghanistan 2503:Canadian passports 2412:war in Afghanistan 2358: 2280: 2154: 2129:The Globe and Mail 2054: 2019: 1991: 1959: 1913:Relations between 1911: 1893:. This infuriated 1798: 1763:head of government 1739:New England French 1723:Continental Europe 1719: 1600: 1554: 1473: 1359: 1207: 1162:Klondike Gold Rush 1158: 1133:Early 20th century 1107:Fenian Brotherhood 1095:American Civil War 1083: 1079:Fenian Brotherhood 883:American Civil War 879: 875:Province of Canada 855:American Civil War 729:American expansion 524: 469:King William's War 441: 283: 274: 230: 226:Country comparison 146:Starting with the 74:Diplomatic mission 21: 14427: 14426: 14334:Anti-integration: 14322: 14321: 14187: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14179: 14178: 13962: 13961: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13844:Republic of Texas 13794:Orange Free State 13739:Republic of Genoa 13682: 13681: 13552: 13551: 13236: 13235: 12904: 12903: 12672: 12671: 12371:Equatorial Guinea 12261: 12260: 12257: 12256: 12253: 12252: 12137: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12042: 12041: 12038: 12037: 11376: 11375: 11279:Iroquois Pipeline 11259:Alliance Pipeline 10913:Northwest Passage 10888:Battle of Caribou 10480:Keystone Pipeline 10333:Battle of Windsor 10208:Shakwak Agreement 10149:Rush–Bagot Treaty 9951:978-0-919614-89-5 9930:978-0-88629-243-0 9828:Trade and tariffs 9765:978-0-521-72686-3 9649:Lennox, Patrick. 9624:Innes, Hugh, ed. 9577:(Springer, 2018) 9493:978-1-55266-314-1 9385:978-1-60497-762-2 9378:. Cambria Press. 9350:978-0-307-26949-2 9176:Arizona Daily Sun 8888:Richard Collins, 8796:on July 21, 2017. 8784:"US Image Report" 8773:February 19, 2014 8474:on March 23, 2009 8451:John F. Kennedy. 8054:Los Angeles Times 7989:. August 12, 2014 7702:. August 22, 2002 7299:978-1-000-30674-3 6875:on March 18, 2016 6624:on July 29, 2013. 6578:National Archives 6209:Soloman Gabriel, 5922:10.4000/eccs.1479 5319:Civil War History 5108:978-1-55277-581-3 5067:10.7202/1065615ar 5026:978-0-7748-1765-3 4788:Thomas B. Allen, 4778:. pp. 42–44. 4776:Butler University 4686:The Colonial Wars 4388:978-0-7766-2722-9 4116:. June 11, 2020. 3903: 3902: 3759:Consulate-General 3749:Consulate-General 3643:over Bush in the 3637:Arizona Daily Sun 3453: 3362:John A. Macdonald 3319:Northwest Passage 3312:Northwest Passage 3302:Northwest Passage 3249:Northwest Passage 2973:of 1854, and the 2906:that created the 2675:NATO headquarters 2462:Northwest Passage 2392:Canadian military 2380:bilateral meeting 2099:Samuel Adams beer 1939:George H. W. Bush 1931:George H. W. Bush 1895:Lyndon B. Johnson 1887:Lester B. Pearson 1838:Dwight Eisenhower 1806:L. Mackenzie King 1790:Winston Churchill 1743:English Canadians 1669:Prairie Provinces 1657:Cariboo Gold Rush 1610:Migration history 1499:, as well as the 1481:Louis St. Laurent 1399:Winston Churchill 1378:. Prime Minister 1268:League of Nations 1040:Late 19th century 999:northwest Pacific 991:William H. Seward 957:William H. Seward 927:off the coast of 826:American Frontier 618:African Americans 477:King George's War 413: 412: 354:George Washington 349:John A. Macdonald 113: 112: 14457: 14273: 14272: 14214: 14207: 14200: 14191: 14190: 13983: 13982: 13968: 13967: 13882: 13881: 13759:Hawaiian Kingdom 13724:Congo Free State 13628:Marshall Islands 13597:Papua New Guinea 13561: 13560: 13245: 13244: 12913: 12912: 12681: 12680: 12331: 12330: 12324: 12323: 12310: 12309: 12300: 12299: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12265: 12264: 12154: 12153: 12143: 12142: 12059: 12058: 12048: 12047: 11703:Kurdistan Region 11429: 11428: 11418: 11417: 11403: 11396: 11389: 11380: 11379: 11367: 11366: 10846:Border crossings 10728:Deep integration 10475:Arar v. Ashcroft 10323:Frères chasseurs 10186:Quebec Agreement 10079:Diplomatic posts 10073: 10072: 10063: 10062: 10051: 10044: 10037: 10028: 10027: 9955: 9934: 9769: 9698:McKercher, Asa. 9566:Hale, Geoffrey. 9563: 9536:Hacker, Louis M. 9497: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9354: 9340:Habits of Empire 9325: 9324: 9317: 9311: 9310: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9291:. July 21, 2019. 9281: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9168: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9108: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9019: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8928: 8922: 8915: 8906: 8899: 8893: 8886: 8880: 8873: 8867: 8860: 8854: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8839:. June 10, 2021. 8833: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8788: 8780: 8774: 8764: 8758: 8748: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8709:on July 25, 2016 8705:. Archived from 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8648:. Archived from 8637: 8631: 8630: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8546: 8540: 8533: 8527: 8520: 8514: 8507: 8501: 8490: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8464: 8458: 8449: 8443: 8436: 8430: 8423: 8417: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8377: 8371: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8287:American Neptune 8282: 8276: 8275: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8166:. Archived from 8160: 8154: 8153: 8147: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8104:. Archived from 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7963:. Archived from 7956: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7728:on April 5, 2007 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7621:. Archived from 7611: 7605: 7604: 7585:10.2307/40204066 7564: 7558: 7557: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7441: 7435: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7405: 7399: 7382: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7248: 7239: 7238: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7201:. June 27, 2019. 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7121:Associated Press 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6954:. April 25, 2017 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6871:. Archived from 6869:SWI swissinfo.ch 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6845:. March 10, 2016 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6575: 6573: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6543: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6334: 6326: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6229:The Toronto Star 6220: 6214: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6158: 6152: 6145: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6070: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6019: 6012: 6006: 6002:93 (2014): 128. 5996: 5990: 5986:93 (2014): 122. 5980: 5974: 5964: 5958: 5947:, Vol. 34, 2004 5941: 5935: 5934: 5924: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5885: 5878: 5872: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5838: 5832: 5825: 5819: 5812: 5806: 5799: 5793: 5786: 5780: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5684: 5678: 5668: 5662: 5646: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5503: 5497: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5410: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5328: 5322: 5315: 5309: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5208: 5202: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5175: 5164: 5157: 5151: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5094: 5088: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5018: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4968:(2). : 520–555. 4953: 4947: 4940: 4934: 4923: 4917: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4822: 4812: 4806: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4765: 4759: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4700:American Neptune 4695: 4689: 4682: 4676: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4582: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4414:(1). : 167–176. 4399: 4393: 4392: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4298:Cudmore, James. 4295: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4273:. Archived from 4266: 4264: 4262: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4176: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4120: 4105: 4090: 4057: 4039: 4038: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4006: 3729:Washington, D.C. 3718: 3540:Anti-Americanism 3455: 3454: 3435: 3286:border; and the 3280:British Columbia 3237:San Juan Islands 2825:since a case of 2603:Second World War 2592:CanadianAlly.com 2507:Order in Council 2398:, including the 2296:Diafiltered Milk 2062:stimulus package 1872:Diefenbaker and 1842:John Diefenbaker 1805: 1734:French Canadians 1679:immigrated from 1673:American Midwest 1653:British Columbia 1530:Nixon Shock 1971 1315:Great Depression 1260:William Phillips 1249:Post-World War I 1111:Irish Republican 1021:(Manitoba), and 1019:Red River Colony 1015:British Columbia 1007:British Columbia 1003:Manifest Destiny 897:fled to Canada. 891:Confederate Army 841:Manifest Destiny 682: 673: 652:Thomas Jefferson 567:Virginia militia 556:Intolerable Acts 536:French Canadians 485:Seven Years’ War 473:Queen Anne's War 308:Washington, D.C. 257: 255: 254: 244: 242: 241: 232: 229: 195:in 1988 and the 137:Canadian culture 61: 60: 50: 49: 31: 24: 20: 14465: 14464: 14460: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14454: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14423: 14400: 14377: 14346: 14318: 14297: 14269:Official bodies 14264: 14230: 14221: 14218: 14188: 14175: 14118: 14112: 14078:Lodge Corollary 14071:Other doctrines 14066: 13988: 13977: 13958: 13890: 13868: 13779:Duchy of Nassau 13678: 13647: 13611: 13602:Solomon Islands 13580: 13548: 13492: 13463:North Macedonia 13426:Northern Cyprus 13389: 13311: 13232: 13124: 13058: 13000: 12947: 12900: 12829: 12806: 12755: 12668: 12577: 12541: 12493: 12385: 12318: 12304: 12294: 12292: 12262: 12249: 12209: 12188: 12148: 12129: 12093: 12053: 12034: 12013: 11992: 11809: 11619: 11518: 11423: 11412: 11407: 11377: 11372: 11356: 11304:Vector Pipeline 11035:Hollywood North 10959: 10832: 10689: 10614:Mid-Canada Line 10602:UKUSA Agreement 10558:Kimberly Rivera 10516: 10485:Havana syndrome 10328:Hunters' Lodges 10318:Caroline affair 10301: 10218:Shamrock Summit 10130: 10074: 10067: 10057: 10055: 10013:Wayback Machine 10001:Wayback Machine 9970: 9965: 9952: 9931: 9902: 9900:Primary sources 9874:, Vol. 34, 2004 9830: 9799:Tansill, C. C. 9766: 9552:10.2307/1892931 9494: 9478: 9399:Azzi, Stephen. 9390: 9388: 9386: 9367: 9361: 9359:Further reading 9351: 9333: 9328: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9300: 9296: 9283: 9282: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9258: 9257: 9253: 9240: 9239: 9235: 9225: 9223: 9215: 9214: 9210: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9135: 9131: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9099: 9095: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8997: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8929: 8925: 8916: 8909: 8900: 8896: 8887: 8883: 8874: 8870: 8861: 8857: 8848: 8844: 8835: 8834: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8793: 8786: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8765: 8761: 8749: 8745: 8734: 8732: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8697: 8696: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8655: 8653: 8638: 8634: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8606: 8604: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8580: 8578: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8534: 8530: 8521: 8517: 8508: 8504: 8491: 8487: 8477: 8475: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8450: 8446: 8437: 8433: 8424: 8420: 8414:Wayback Machine 8404: 8400: 8390: 8388: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8365:Wayback Machine 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8302: 8298: 8283: 8279: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8214: 8210: 8200: 8198: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8170:on July 6, 2011 8162: 8161: 8157: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8131: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8108:on May 11, 2015 8100: 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8065: 8061: 8046: 8042: 8029: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8007: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7967:on May 27, 2010 7957: 7953: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7858: 7857: 7853: 7843: 7841: 7832: 7831: 7827: 7817: 7815: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7779: 7775: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7565: 7561: 7542: 7538: 7528: 7526: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7490: 7486: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7425: 7421: 7406: 7402: 7392:Wayback Machine 7383: 7379: 7368: 7366: 7357: 7353: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7323: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7284: 7280: 7249: 7242: 7235:The White House 7229: 7228: 7224: 7217:The White House 7211: 7210: 7206: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7124: 7123:. June 10, 2018 7109: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7048: 7044: 7029: 7025: 7010: 7006: 6999:Washington Post 6993:Long, Heather. 6991: 6987: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6906: 6904: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6772: 6768: 6758: 6756: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6677: 6673: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6571: 6569: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6537: 6536: 6529: 6527: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6424: 6423: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6328: 6327: 6315: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6284:. National Post 6274: 6270: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6221: 6217: 6208: 6204: 6189: 6181:. p. 191. 6159: 6155: 6146: 6142: 6138:(1903), p. 327. 6133: 6129: 6120: 6116: 6101: 6093:. p. 392. 6071: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6022: 6013: 6009: 6000:Foreign Affairs 5997: 5993: 5984:Foreign Affairs 5981: 5977: 5968:The World Today 5965: 5961: 5956:Wayback Machine 5942: 5938: 5905: 5901: 5897:(1992) pp 2–18. 5892: 5888: 5879: 5875: 5866: 5862: 5839: 5835: 5826: 5822: 5813: 5809: 5800: 5796: 5787: 5783: 5774: 5770: 5747: 5743: 5728: 5724: 5685: 5681: 5669: 5665: 5659:Wayback Machine 5647: 5643: 5631: 5627: 5618: 5614: 5601: 5597: 5582:10.2307/3637741 5566: 5562: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5491: 5487: 5476:Ontario History 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5432: 5428: 5422:Wayback Machine 5411: 5407: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5345:10.2307/3637972 5329: 5325: 5316: 5312: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5265: 5261: 5246: 5242: 5234:The Independent 5225: 5221: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5196: 5192: 5177: 5176: 5167: 5158: 5154: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5109: 5095: 5091: 5079: 5075: 5054:Ontario History 5046: 5042: 5027: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4994: 4992: 4954: 4950: 4941: 4937: 4924: 4920: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870:, pp. 5–6. 4866: 4862: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4813: 4809: 4800: 4796: 4792:(2011) p. xviii 4787: 4783: 4766: 4762: 4753: 4749: 4734: 4730: 4715: 4711: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4666: 4651:10.2307/1891955 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4599:Foreign Affairs 4596: 4592: 4588:93 (2014): 122. 4586:Foreign Affairs 4583: 4579: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4524: 4517: 4474: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4296: 4292: 4280: 4278: 4277:on July 4, 2015 4269: 4260: 4258: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4232: 4230: 4228:The White House 4212: 4210: 4198: 4194: 4179: 4163: 4139: 4108: 4093: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3959: 3909: 3904: 3715: 3691:Hillary Clinton 3627:in January 2017 3617: 3609:Merrill Denison 3605:Frank Underhill 3553:Americanization 3548: 3542: 3518: 3499:Prime Minister 3466:Prime Minister 3463: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3449: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3411:John F. Kennedy 3404:Harry S. Truman 3391:Prime Minister 3374:British subject 3360:Prime Minister 3353: 3304: 3209: 3203: 3198: 3156:UKUSA Community 2988: 2958: 2843: 2827:Mad Cow disease 2810:softwood lumber 2775: 2769: 2725:John P. Walters 2710: 2702:Main articles: 2700: 2683:Daesh/ISIS/ISIL 2659: 2653: 2621: 2611: 2551:Canada's elite 2529: 2523: 2492:Flora MacDonald 2480: 2474: 2388: 2342: 2264: 2138: 2107: 2077:Molson Canadian 2046: 2011: 1983: 1947: 1903: 1883: 1870: 1834: 1822: 1803: 1775: 1751: 1697:plural marriage 1665:Yukon Territory 1618: 1612: 1598:in October 1992 1588: 1542: 1534:Main articles: 1532: 1523: 1517: 1475:Prime Minister 1465: 1441: 1401:and Roosevelt. 1372: 1295:Hotel Vancouver 1291:Charles Tisdall 1251: 1236: 1199: 1193: 1146: 1140: 1138:Alaska boundary 1135: 1089:" conducted by 1048: 1042: 995:Alaska Purchase 993:negotiated the 984:war reparations 971: 965: 937:blockade runner 863: 857: 809: 777:Treaty of Ghent 725:Native American 712:Native American 696: 695: 694: 693: 685: 684: 683: 675: 674: 640:Treaty of Paris 636: 630: 606:Treaty of Paris 503: 497: 457:Iroquois Nation 429: 423: 418: 360:Current leader 252: 250: 239: 237: 228: 179:throughout the 100:Kirsten Hillman 62: 58: 51: 47: 19: 12: 11: 5: 14463: 14453: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14399: 14398: 14397: 14396: 14385: 14383: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14354: 14352: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14344: 14339: 14330: 14328: 14324: 14323: 14320: 14319: 14317: 14316: 14305: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14296: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14279: 14277: 14270: 14266: 14265: 14263: 14262: 14257: 14251: 14241: 14239: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14217: 14216: 14209: 14202: 14194: 14185: 14184: 14181: 14180: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14122: 14120: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14074: 14072: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13993: 13991: 13979: 13978: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13934:United Nations 13931: 13926: 13921: 13919:European Union 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13824:Ryukyu Kingdom 13821: 13819:Russian Empire 13816: 13811: 13809:Duchy of Parma 13806: 13801: 13799:Ottoman Empire 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13729:Czechoslovakia 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13690: 13688: 13684: 13683: 13680: 13679: 13677: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13655: 13653: 13649: 13648: 13646: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13619: 13617: 13613: 13612: 13610: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13588: 13586: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13578: 13573: 13567: 13565: 13558: 13554: 13553: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13500: 13498: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13429: 13428: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13383:Cayman Islands 13380: 13375: 13368:United Kingdom 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13319: 13317: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13272: 13267: 13265:Czech Republic 13262: 13257: 13251: 13249: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13132: 13130: 13126: 13125: 13123: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13066: 13064: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13056: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13008: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12972: 12971: 12966: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12919: 12917: 12910: 12906: 12905: 12902: 12901: 12899: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12868: 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12258: 12255: 12254: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12223: 12217: 12215: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12207: 12202: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12150: 12149: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12125:United Nations 12122: 12117: 12112: 12110:European Union 12107: 12101: 12099: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12065: 12063: 12055: 12054: 12044: 12043: 12040: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12032: 12027: 12021: 12019: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12011: 12006: 12000: 11998: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11981:United Kingdom 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11851:Czech Republic 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11817: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11674: 11673: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11526: 11524: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11435: 11433: 11425: 11424: 11414: 11413: 11406: 11405: 11398: 11391: 11383: 11374: 11373: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11347: 11340: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11165: 11164: 11154: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11137: 11136: 11135: 11133:Indian Reserve 11130: 11120: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11091:Continentalism 11088: 11087: 11086: 11084:Unionest Party 11081: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11064: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11011: 11010: 11005: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10951: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10928:Pig War (1859) 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10893:Dixon Entrance 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10855: 10854: 10853: 10842: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10699: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10636: 10631: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10567: 10566: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10553:Jeremy Hinzman 10550: 10540: 10535: 10533:Canadian Caper 10530: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10503: 10502: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10450:Mitchell v MNR 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10341: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10315: 10309: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10287:Arctic Council 10284: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10169:Halibut Treaty 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10140: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10082: 10080: 10076: 10075: 10054: 10053: 10046: 10039: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10015: 10003: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9969: 9968:External links 9966: 9964: 9963: 9956: 9950: 9935: 9929: 9914: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9886: 9875: 9868: 9858: 9848: 9841: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9824: 9811: 9804: 9797: 9787: 9777: 9770: 9764: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9686: 9675: 9661: 9654: 9647: 9637: 9622: 9612: 9603: 9592: 9582: 9571: 9564: 9546:(4): 365–395. 9532: 9526: 9519: 9512: 9505: 9498: 9492: 9486:. April 2009. 9473: 9467: 9456: 9446: 9439: 9428: 9421: 9414: 9404: 9397: 9384: 9368: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9349: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9312: 9294: 9276: 9251: 9233: 9208: 9189: 9163: 9149: 9129: 9115: 9093: 9079: 9059: 9045: 9025: 9011: 8991: 8977: 8957: 8944:978-0271032009 8943: 8923: 8907: 8894: 8881: 8868: 8855: 8842: 8825: 8799: 8775: 8759: 8743: 8720: 8690: 8663: 8632: 8614: 8588: 8562: 8541: 8528: 8515: 8502: 8498:Washington, DC 8485: 8459: 8444: 8431: 8418: 8416:, James Marsh. 8398: 8372: 8349: 8335: 8315: 8296: 8277: 8242: 8228: 8208: 8181: 8155: 8119: 8093: 8079: 8059: 8040: 8022: 8000: 7978: 7951: 7937: 7917: 7903: 7877: 7851: 7825: 7799: 7773: 7759: 7739: 7713: 7687: 7665: 7636: 7606: 7579:(3): 831–848. 7559: 7536: 7510: 7484: 7461: 7436: 7419: 7400: 7377: 7362:Peace Research 7351: 7337: 7317: 7305: 7298: 7278: 7240: 7222: 7204: 7186: 7160: 7134: 7102: 7091:. July 1, 2020 7076: 7042: 7023: 7004: 6985: 6965: 6939: 6914: 6886: 6856: 6830: 6798: 6766: 6735: 6703: 6671: 6653: 6627: 6609: 6583: 6565:whitehouse.gov 6551: 6511: 6486: 6460: 6435: 6417: 6403: 6383: 6364: 6342: 6313: 6295: 6268: 6241: 6215: 6202: 6187: 6171:Handlin, Oscar 6169:; Orlov, Ann; 6153: 6140: 6127: 6114: 6099: 6083:Handlin, Oscar 6081:; Orlov, Ann; 6062: 6050: 6033: 6027:John Brebner, 6020: 6007: 5991: 5975: 5959: 5949:online edition 5936: 5899: 5886: 5873: 5867:C. P. Stacey, 5860: 5849:(4): 387–411. 5833: 5820: 5807: 5794: 5781: 5768: 5757:(4): 789–808. 5741: 5722: 5695:(4): 802–826. 5679: 5663: 5641: 5636:(1929) p 373. 5625: 5612: 5595: 5560: 5541:(4): 426–449. 5525: 5518: 5498: 5485: 5466: 5452: 5426: 5405: 5392: 5378: 5358: 5339:(2): 217–238. 5323: 5310: 5293: 5279: 5259: 5240: 5219: 5203: 5190: 5165: 5152: 5139: 5114: 5107: 5089: 5073: 5060:(2): 129–141. 5040: 5025: 5002: 4948: 4935: 4925:Mark Zuehlke, 4918: 4902: 4900:, p. 236. 4890: 4881: 4872: 4860: 4847: 4833: 4807: 4794: 4781: 4760: 4747: 4728: 4725:(10): 165–185. 4709: 4690: 4677: 4664: 4645:(2): 169–189. 4629: 4603: 4590: 4577: 4564: 4539: 4515: 4465: 4448: 4394: 4387: 4367: 4339: 4313: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4219: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4177: 4174:relationships. 4161: 4149: 4137: 4121: 4106: 4091: 4070:(3): 473–493. 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4031: 4019: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3833:(Trade Office) 3828: 3827:(Trade Office) 3822: 3821:(Trade Office) 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3752: 3742: 3736: 3725: 3724: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3703:Bernie Sanders 3680:Brian Mulroney 3633:George W. Bush 3616: 3613: 3541: 3538: 3517: 3516:Public opinion 3514: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3508:relationship." 3501:Stephen Harper 3497: 3486:George W. Bush 3482: 3475: 3471: 3457: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3419:Lyndon Johnson 3415: 3407: 3400: 3379: 3378: 3352: 3349: 3303: 3300: 3257:Inside Passage 3229:Dixon Entrance 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3161:United Nations 3158: 3153: 3148: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3005: 3003:Arctic Council 2999: 2987: 2984: 2957: 2954: 2942:water scarcity 2923:Kyoto Protocol 2919:Kyoto Protocol 2851:Pierre Trudeau 2842: 2839: 2785:in Vancouver. 2771:Main article: 2768: 2765: 2699: 2696: 2655:Main article: 2652: 2649: 2610: 2607: 2525:Main article: 2522: 2519: 2496:Prime Minister 2478:Canadian Caper 2476:Main article: 2473: 2470: 2387: 2384: 2354:Justin Trudeau 2341: 2338: 2334:Morgan Ortagus 2276:Justin Trudeau 2263: 2260: 2256:climate change 2194:climate change 2158:Justin Trudeau 2150:Justin Trudeau 2137: 2134: 2106: 2103: 2045: 2042: 2034:Conservatives' 2022:Stephen Harper 2010: 2007: 1995:George W. Bush 1982: 1979: 1946: 1943: 1915:Brian Mulroney 1902: 1899: 1882: 1879: 1869: 1866: 1833: 1830: 1821: 1818: 1782:Mackenzie King 1774: 1771: 1750: 1747: 1614:Main article: 1611: 1608: 1587: 1584: 1548:Richard Nixon 1531: 1528: 1516: 1513: 1493:Berlin airlift 1464: 1461: 1440: 1437: 1429:theater of war 1412:(Canadian) or 1406:Alaska Highway 1382:and President 1371: 1368: 1341:Herbert Hoover 1331:British Empire 1303:Charles Marega 1279:Warren Harding 1256:Vincent Massey 1250: 1247: 1235: 1232: 1195:Main article: 1192: 1189: 1142:Main article: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1120:Alabama Claims 1091:Irish-American 1044:Main article: 1041: 1038: 1034:Alabama Claims 1027:Reconstruction 976:Charles Sumner 969:Alabama Claims 967:Main article: 964: 963:Alabama claims 961: 914:Union blockade 859:Main article: 856: 853: 839:. During the 817:Family Compact 808: 805: 731:, typified by 727:resistance to 687: 686: 677: 676: 668: 667: 666: 665: 664: 632:Main article: 629: 626: 591:Henry Hamilton 499:Main article: 496: 493: 425:Main article: 422: 419: 417: 414: 411: 410: 400: 391: 387: 386: 381: 376: 372: 371: 366: 364:Justin Trudeau 361: 357: 356: 351: 346: 342: 341: 335: 330: 326: 325: 320: 315: 311: 310: 305: 300: 296: 295: 292: 289: 285: 284: 275: 266: 262: 261: 248: 235: 227: 224: 111: 110: 108:David L. Cohen 102: 93: 92: 88: 87: 82: 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 66: 55: 43: 42: 40: 37: 36: 33: 32: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14462: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14437: 14435: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14406: 14403: 14395: 14392: 14391: 14390: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14382:Miscellaneous 14380: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14325: 14314: 14310: 14307: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14274: 14271: 14267: 14261: 14258: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14246: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14238: 14233: 14229: 14224: 14215: 14210: 14208: 14203: 14201: 14196: 14195: 14192: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14141:Domino theory 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14115: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13984: 13980: 13975: 13969: 13965: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13924:Latin America 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13896: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13879: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13744:German Empire 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13687:Former states 13685: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13654: 13650: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13620: 13618: 13614: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13587: 13583: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13566: 13562: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13524:Liechtenstein 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13499: 13495: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13392: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13281: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13246: 13243: 13239: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13172: 13169: 13168: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13133: 13131: 13127: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13061: 13055: 13052: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13003: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12914: 12911: 12907: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12832: 12824: 12821: 12820: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12809: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12764: 12762: 12758: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12686: 12682: 12679: 12675: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12624:Guinea-Bissau 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12604:Côte d'Ivoire 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12580: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12544: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12496: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12332: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12298: 12289: 12284: 12282: 12277: 12275: 12270: 12269: 12266: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12218: 12216: 12212: 12206: 12205:United States 12203: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12144: 12140: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12098:Organizations 12096: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12084:Latin America 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12049: 12045: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12016: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11995: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11704: 11701: 11700: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11622: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11605:United States 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11404: 11399: 11397: 11392: 11390: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11371: 11370: 11359: 11353: 11352: 11348: 11346: 11345: 11341: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11158: 11155: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11141: 11140:Aroostook War 11138: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10988:Little Canada 10986: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10956: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10923:Pearse Island 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10859: 10856: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10835: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10692: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10674: 10673:Pinetree Line 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10576: 10573: 10572: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10519: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10405:Canuck letter 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10304: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10264: 10261: 10260: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10179: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10052: 10047: 10045: 10040: 10038: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9943: 9942: 9936: 9932: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9915: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9903: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9847: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9812: 9809: 9805: 9802: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9761: 9757: 9752: 9749: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9725: 9723:(2nd ed.1989) 9722: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9674: 9673:0-8020-6111-7 9670: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9635: 9634:0-07-092943-2 9631: 9627: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9604: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9513: 9510: 9506: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9471: 9470:Dyment, David 9468: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9423:Boyko, John. 9422: 9419: 9415: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9402: 9398: 9387: 9381: 9377: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9352: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9331:Cited sources 9322: 9316: 9308: 9305: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9280: 9265: 9261: 9255: 9247: 9243: 9237: 9222: 9218: 9212: 9204: 9203:Pewglobal.org 9200: 9193: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9152: 9150:9780776603605 9146: 9142: 9141: 9133: 9118: 9116:9780415903097 9112: 9109:. Routledge. 9107: 9106: 9097: 9082: 9080:9781846450266 9076: 9072: 9071: 9063: 9048: 9046:9780313345067 9042: 9038: 9037: 9029: 9014: 9012:9780802029386 9008: 9004: 9003: 8995: 8980: 8978:9780773522763 8974: 8970: 8969: 8961: 8946: 8940: 8936: 8935: 8927: 8921:(2006) p. 114 8920: 8914: 8912: 8904: 8898: 8891: 8885: 8878: 8872: 8865: 8859: 8853:(2004) p. 194 8852: 8846: 8838: 8832: 8830: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8792: 8785: 8779: 8772: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8747: 8730: 8724: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8679: 8678: 8673: 8667: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8577: 8576:National Post 8573: 8566: 8551: 8545: 8538: 8532: 8526:(1991) p. 195 8525: 8519: 8512: 8506: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8473: 8469: 8463: 8456: 8455: 8448: 8441: 8435: 8429:(1955) p. 497 8428: 8422: 8415: 8411: 8408: 8402: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8353: 8338: 8336:9780295989792 8332: 8328: 8327: 8319: 8311: 8307: 8300: 8293:(4): 246–257. 8292: 8288: 8281: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8246: 8231: 8229:9780822601241 8225: 8221: 8220: 8212: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8151: 8145: 8129: 8123: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8082: 8080:9780521637671 8076: 8072: 8071: 8063: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8010: 8004: 7988: 7982: 7966: 7962: 7955: 7940: 7938:9789507381287 7934: 7930: 7929: 7921: 7913: 7907: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7814: 7810: 7803: 7788: 7784: 7777: 7762: 7760:9780774859660 7756: 7752: 7751: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7675: 7669: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7640: 7629:September 24, 7624: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7563: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7499: 7495: 7488: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7465: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7415: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7381: 7375:vol 38 page 8 7364: 7363: 7355: 7340: 7338:9780774859073 7334: 7330: 7329: 7321: 7314: 7309: 7301: 7295: 7291: 7290: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7247: 7245: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7149: 7145: 7138: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7116:thejournal.ie 7112: 7106: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7019: 7015: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6989: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6969: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6770: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6657: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6579: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6547: 6541: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6406: 6404:9781554582334 6400: 6396: 6395: 6387: 6379: 6375: 6368: 6352: 6346: 6338: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6314:9780316396455 6310: 6306: 6299: 6283: 6282:National Post 6279: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6230: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6206: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6144: 6137: 6131: 6124: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6067: 6060: 6054: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6011: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5890: 5883: 5877: 5870: 5864: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5824: 5817: 5811: 5804: 5798: 5791: 5785: 5779:(1969) p. 256 5778: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5683: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5616: 5608: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5521: 5519:9781598844573 5515: 5511: 5510: 5502: 5495: 5489: 5482:(4): 189–203. 5481: 5477: 5470: 5455: 5453:9781440672873 5449: 5445: 5440: 5439: 5430: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5381: 5379:9780521642255 5375: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5282: 5280:9780199281039 5276: 5272: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5214: 5207: 5200: 5194: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5162: 5159:Adam Mayers, 5156: 5149: 5143: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5110: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5015: 5014: 5013:Militia Myths 5006: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4942:W.L. Morton, 4939: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4899: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4854:Alan Taylor, 4851: 4836: 4834:9780773512214 4830: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4791: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4764: 4758:(1955) p. 74. 4757: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4706:(3): 153–165. 4705: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4674: 4671:June Namias, 4668: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4574: 4568: 4553: 4549: 4548:"War of 1812" 4543: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4488:. : 105–119. 4487: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4470: 4458: 4452: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4371: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4301: 4294: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4156:. UBC Press. 4155: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4030: 4029:United States 4020: 4018: 4008: 4007: 4004: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3807:San Francisco 3805: 3802: 3801:New York City 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3684:Ronald Reagan 3681: 3677: 3676:Richard Nixon 3673: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3621: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3554: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3479:Richard Nixon 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3445: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3397:Lady Thompson 3394: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3366:1891 election 3363: 3359: 3358: 3357: 3348: 3346: 3345:Paul Cellucci 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3308: 3299: 3297: 3296:Oregon Treaty 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3272:New Brunswick 3269: 3265: 3264:Aroostook War 3260: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3172:World Bowling 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 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Retrieved 4207: 4195: 4184: 4172: 4168: 4157: 4144: 4133: 4129: 4117: 4113: 4102: 4098: 4087: 4067: 4063: 4055: 3897: 3695:Donald Trump 3688: 3669: 3665:Pew Research 3653:Barack Obama 3636: 3630: 3600:Jamie Glazov 3595: 3593: 3581: 3573: 3549: 3526:Donald Trump 3519: 3505:Barack Obama 3490:September 11 3384: 3380: 3354: 3331: 3316: 3274:border; the 3261: 3225:Beaufort Sea 3222: 3215:A "buoy" on 2989: 2967: 2959: 2950:water export 2935: 2916: 2879: 2875:Devil's Lake 2860: 2803: 2792: 2783:Fraser River 2760: 2752: 2745: 2727:, said in a 2711: 2680: 2641:Barack Obama 2637:Bill Clinton 2622: 2596: 2585: 2555:unit joined 2550: 2481: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2428: 2396:World War II 2389: 2377: 2374: 2359: 2356:, March 2023 2331: 2315: 2300: 2284:Donald Trump 2281: 2272:Donald Trump 2240:state dinner 2233: 2202: 2189:oil pipeline 2175: 2155: 2152:, March 2016 2146:Barack Obama 2128: 2125: 2115: 2108: 2066: 2058:Barack Obama 2055: 2038:Arctic Ocean 2027: 2020: 1992: 1967:Bill Clinton 1960: 1912: 1884: 1871: 1854:South Africa 1835: 1823: 1799: 1752: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1681:Pennsylvania 1645:Lake Ontario 1641:Upper Canada 1623:New England 1622: 1619: 1601: 1571: 1563:Third Option 1555: 1540:Third Option 1524: 1474: 1445:Newfoundland 1442: 1439:Newfoundland 1422: 1403: 1392: 1373: 1370:World War II 1363:World War II 1360: 1353:speaking at 1339: 1335:War Plan Red 1319: 1307: 1299:Stanley Park 1276: 1258:and America 1252: 1242: 1237: 1208: 1175: 1171: 1159: 1127:Georges Bank 1124: 1116: 1103:Fenian raids 1087:Fenian raids 1084: 1049: 1031: 1010: 988: 972: 919: 899: 880: 830: 810: 793: 767:and much of 741:Upper Canada 737: 697: 637: 622:Sierra Leone 603: 595:Fort Detroit 560: 525: 509: 489: 466: 455:allies. The 453:First Nation 442: 294:334,914,895 201: 173:World War II 145: 114: 15: 14146:Foreign aid 14136:Containment 14088:Kirkpatrick 13972:Doctrines, 13929:Middle East 13904:Arab League 13576:New Zealand 13564:Australasia 13544:Switzerland 13539:Netherlands 13105:Philippines 13012:Afghanistan 12991:South Korea 12986:North Korea 12777:El Salvador 12469:South Sudan 12174:Vietnam War 12009:New Zealand 11971:Switzerland 11921:Netherlands 11780:South Korea 11760:Philippines 11745:North Korea 11631:Afghanistan 11565:El Salvador 11464:Ivory Coast 11040:Maple Match 10738:Reciprocity 9436:2021 Report 9391:November 6, 9264:Toronto Sun 9246:Global News 9156:November 6, 9122:November 6, 9086:November 6, 9052:November 6, 9018:November 6, 8984:November 6, 8950:November 6, 8646:News.ubc.ca 8607:January 21, 8581:October 12, 8342:November 6, 8312:(1): 43–70. 8235:November 6, 8195:RCI English 8086:November 6, 7944:November 6, 7844:October 10, 7818:January 28, 7792:January 12, 7766:November 6, 7732:January 28, 7706:January 28, 7680:January 28, 7619:www.cia.gov 7432:2021 Report 7369:November 6, 7344:November 6, 7174:Global News 7018:FOXBusiness 6843:thestar.com 6410:November 6, 6147:Yves Roby, 5459:November 6, 5385:November 6, 5286:November 6, 5201:pp 105–116. 4910:Nugent 2008 4898:Tucker 2011 4840:November 6, 4744:(3): 16–23. 4557:October 25, 4360:October 21, 4332:October 21, 4233:October 21, 4213:October 21, 3894:(Consulate) 3874:Quebec City 3795:Minneapolis 3783:Los Angeles 3661:Mitt Romney 3577:F. 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Scott 3194:World Rugby 2936:With large 2716:the use of 2633:Paul Martin 2420:Vietnam War 2292:White House 2278:, June 2019 2236:White House 2170:Philippines 1891:Vietnam War 1701:Vietnam War 1649:gold rushes 1629:Nova Scotia 1580:stagflation 1559:Nixon Shock 1536:Nixon shock 1376:Axis powers 1287:John Oliver 1272:World Court 1234:World War I 1215:Reciprocity 1023:Nova Scotia 902:Confederacy 757:Fort Malden 753:the Capitol 749:White House 723:support of 700:War of 1812 690:Issac Brock 644:Great Lakes 634:War of 1812 628:War of 1812 540:Nova Scotia 443:Before the 329:Government 291:41,012,563 288:Population 156:War of 1812 117:its history 14434:Categories 14394:United bid 14093:Weinberger 14022:Eisenhower 13976:, concepts 13864:Yugoslavia 13633:Micronesia 13616:Micronesia 13529:Luxembourg 13473:San Marino 13458:Montenegro 13141:Azerbaijan 13080:East Timor 13017:Bangladesh 12943:Uzbekistan 12933:Tajikistan 12928:Kyrgyzstan 12923:Kazakhstan 12772:Costa Rica 12639:Mauritania 12609:The Gambia 12599:Cape Verde 12462:Somaliland 12452:Seychelles 12442:Mozambique 12427:Madagascar 12030:Yugoslavia 12018:Historical 11916:Montenegro 11720:Kazakhstan 11646:Bangladesh 11641:Azerbaijan 11494:Mozambique 11479:Madagascar 11045:51st state 10908:North Rock 10883:Cape Muzon 10360:In re Ross 10313:Quebec Act 10021:Manuscript 9907:Archivaria 9636:; 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