History of Canada - Knowledge

4318: 3795: 2540: 3359: 2239: 1826: 1608: 3049: 4058: 4614: 2948: 927: 4501: 2360: 2336: 3185: 3707: 3459:'s Liberal government pursued a conservative domestic policy with the object of lowering wartime taxes and, especially, cooling wartime ethnic tensions, as well as defusing postwar labour conflicts. The Progressives refused to join the government but did help the Liberals defeat non-confidence motions. King faced a delicate balancing act of reducing tariffs enough to please the Prairie-based Progressives, but not too much to alienate his vital support in industrial Ontario and Quebec, which needed tariffs to compete with American imports. King and Conservative leader 2431: 2832: 4867: 4432: 3850: 16073: 15457: 13392: 4721: 499: 1895: 905: 4183: 3319: 2609: 1448: 3430: 1284: 1998: 1554: 3479: 1730: 3639: 16060: 15445: 13379: 2979: 2078: 4444: 3549: 545: 41: 3952: 1105: 3525: 4229:. Previously, the main portions of the constitution had existed only as an act passed of the British parliament, though under the terms of the Statute of Westminster, it could not be altered without Canadian consent. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, with the Queen's role as monarch of Canada separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. 3045:. Suppressing the Rebellion was Canada's first independent military action and demonstrated the need to complete the Canadian Pacific Railway. It guaranteed Anglophone control of the Prairies and demonstrated the national government was capable of decisive action. However, it lost the Conservative Party most of their support in Quebec and led to a permanent distrust of the Anglophone community on the part of the Francophones. 2702: 1089: 4260: 776: 1337: 4646:(cultural and ethnic diversity) has been emphasized in recent decades. Ambrose and Mudde conclude that: "Canada's unique multiculturalism policy ... which is based on a combination of selective immigration, comprehensive integration, and strong state repression of dissent on these policies. This unique blend of policies has led to a relatively low level of opposition to multiculturalism". 3506:, to dissolve Parliament and call another election, but Byng refused, the only time that the Governor General has exercised such a power. Instead, Byng called upon Meighen, the Conservative Party leader, to form a government. Meighen attempted to do so but was unable to obtain a majority in the Commons and he, too, advised dissolution, which this time was accepted. The episode, the 3399:, New Zealand, and South Africa. These also received their own seats in the League of Nations. Canada asked for neither reparations nor mandates. It played only a modest role in Paris, but just having a seat was a matter of pride. It was cautiously optimistic about the new League of Nations, in which it played an active and independent role. 3688:. It was a crucial step in the development of Canada as a separate state in that it provided for nearly complete legislative autonomy from the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although the United Kingdom retained formal authority over certain Canadian constitutional changes, it relinquished this authority with the passing of the 3601:. Promising a much-desired trade treaty with the U.S., the Mackenzie King government passed the 1935 Reciprocal Trade Agreement. It marked the turning point in Canadian-American economic relations, reversing the disastrous trade war of 1930–31, lowering tariffs and yielding a dramatic increase in trade. 4703:

interpretive schemes that dominated Canadian historical writing through the middle decades of the twentieth century were built on the assumption that history had a discernible direction and flow. Canada was moving towards a goal in the nineteenth century; whether this endpoint was the construction of

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However, the consensus did not last. By 1957 the Suez crisis alienated Canada from both Britain and France; politicians distrusted American leadership, businessmen questioned American financial investments; and intellectuals ridiculed the values of American television and Hollywood offerings that all

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In 1981, the Canadian House of Commons and Senate passed a resolution requesting that the British Parliament enact a package of constitutional amendments which would end the last powers of the British Parliament to legislate for Canada and would create an entirely Canadian process for constitutional

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Prime Minister Borden pledged himself during the 1917 campaign to equal suffrage for women. After his landslide victory, he introduced a bill in 1918 for extending the franchise to women. This passed without division but did not apply to Quebec provincial and municipal elections. The women of Quebec

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culture; many French-Canadians saw an opportunity to exert political control within a new largely French-speaking Quebec and exaggerated fears of possible U.S. expansion northward. On a political level, there was a desire for the expansion of responsible government and elimination of the legislative

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That support was remarkably uniform geographically and racially, both coast to coast and among French and English. From the CCF on the left to the Social Credit on the right, the political parties agreed that NATO was a good thing, and communism a bad thing, that a close association with Europe was

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Recently Michel Ducharme has agreed that Canada did indeed oppose "republican liberty", as exemplified by the United States and France. However, he says it did find a different path forward when it fought against British rulers after 1837 to secure "modern liberty". That form of liberty focused not

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inherited, not the benefits, but the bitterness of the Revolution…. English Canada started its life with as powerful a nostalgic shove backward into the past as the Conquest had given to French Canada: two little peoples officially devoted to counter-revolution, to lost causes, to the tawdry ideals

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Urban unemployment nationwide was 19 per cent; Toronto's rate was 17 per cent, according to the census of 1931. Farmers who stayed on their farms were not considered unemployed. By 1933, 30 per cent of the labour force was out of work, and one-fifth of the population became dependent on government

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in 1861, with the latter three being founded expressly to keep those regions from being overrun and annexed by American gold miners. The Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands and most of the Stikine Territory were merged into the Colony of British Columbia in 1863 (the remainder, north of the 60th

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With prohibition underway in the United States, smugglers bought large quantities of Canadian liquor. Both the Canadian distillers and the U.S. State Department put heavy pressure on the Customs and Excise Department to loosen or tighten border controls. Liquor interests paid off corrupt Canadian

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in 1919. This was initially opposed not only by Britain but also by the United States, which saw such a delegation as an extra British vote. Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost nearly 60,000 men, a far larger proportion of its men, its right to equal status as a nation had

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The Conquest has remained a difficult subject for French-Canadian historians because it can be viewed either as economically and ideologically disastrous or as a providential intervention to enable Canadians to maintain their language and religion under British rule. For virtually all Anglophone

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believed that the crisis was a temporary swing of the business cycle and that the economy would soon recover without government intervention. He refused to provide unemployment relief or federal aid to the provinces, saying that if Conservative provincial governments demanded federal dollars, he

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that began in 1929. Between 1929 and 1933, the gross national product dropped 40 per cent (compared to 37 per cent in the US). Unemployment reached 27 per cent at the depth of the Depression in 1933. Many businesses closed, as corporate profits of $ 396 million in 1929 turned into losses of $ 98

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At the other pole, are those Francophone historians who see the positive benefit of enabling the preservation of language, religion, and traditional customs under British rule. French-Canadian debates have escalated since the 1960s, as the Conquest is seen as a pivotal moment in the history of

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on September 10, 1939, delaying it one week after Britain acted to symbolically demonstrate independence. Canada played a major role in supplying food, raw materials, munitions and money to the hard-pressed British economy, training airmen for the Commonwealth, guarding the western half of the

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Although immigration rates to New France remained very low under direct French control, most of the new arrivals were farmers, and the rate of population growth among the settlers themselves had been very high. The women had about 30 per cent more children than comparable women who remained in

2466:). The American frontier states voted for war to suppress the First Nations raids that frustrated the settlement of the frontier. The war on the border with the United States was characterized by a series of multiple failed invasions and fiascos on both sides. American forces took control of 3577:

and the Conservatives. Bennett had promised high tariffs and large-scale spending, but as deficits increased, he became wary and cut back severely on Federal spending. With falling support and the depression getting only worse, Bennett attempted to introduce policies based on the

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and logging, as prices fell and there were few alternative jobs. Most families had moderate losses and little hardship, though they too became pessimistic and their debts became heavier as prices fell. Some families saw most or all of their assets disappear and suffered severely.

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it is fairly clear that up to 1800 or maybe 1750, no society had experienced sustained growth in per capita income. (Eighteenth-century population growth also averaged one-third of one per cent, the same as production growth.) That is, up to about two centuries ago, per capita

2153:. France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. However under the Treaty of Paris, the eastern side of the Mississippi river basin became British territory. Great Britain returned to France its most important sugar-producing colony, 4704:

a transcontinental, commercial, and political union, the development of parliamentary government, or the preservation and resurrection of French Canada, it was certainly a Good Thing. Thus the rebels of 1837 were quite literally on the wrong track. They lost because they

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In the 1920s, Canada set up a successful wheat marketing "pool" to keep prices high. Canada negotiated with the United States, Australia, and the Soviet Union to expand the pool, but the effort failed when the Great Depression caused distrust and low prices.

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There were voices on both left and right that warned against being too close to the United States. Few Canadians listened before 1957. Instead, there was wide consensus on foreign and defence policies from 1948 to 1957. Bothwell, Drummond and English state:

1619:, one of the earliest permanent settlements, which would become the capital of New France. He took personal administration over the city and its affairs and sent out expeditions to explore the interior. Champlain became the first known European to encounter 4398:

took office and became Canada's first female prime minister. Campbell remained in office for only a few months: the 1993 election saw the collapse of the Progressive Conservative Party from government to two seats, while the Quebec-based sovereigntist

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France. Yves Landry says, "Canadians had an exceptional diet for their time." This was due to the natural abundance of meat, fish, and pure water; the good food conservation conditions during the winter; and an adequate wheat supply in most years. The

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Quebec's nationalism. Historian Jocelyn Létourneau suggested in the 21st century, "1759 does not belong primarily to a past that we might wish to study and understand, but, rather, to a present and a future that we might wish to shape and control."

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greatly affected unity between French and English-speaking Canadians, though was not as politically intrusive as that of the First World War. During the war, Canada became more closely linked to the U.S. The Americans took virtual control of

2395:. The British ignored part of the treaty and maintained their military outposts in the Great Lakes areas it had ceded to the U.S., and they continued to supply their native allies with munitions. The British evacuated the outposts with the 3889:

choices: remaining a crown colony, returning to Dominion status (that is, independence), or joining Canada. Joining the United States was not made an option. After bitter debate Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province.

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destroyed an integral society and decapitated the commercial class; leadership of the conquered people fell to the Church; and, because commercial activity came to be monopolized by British merchants, national survival concentrated on

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In Lower Canada, a more substantial rebellion occurred against British rule. Both English- and French-Canadian rebels, sometimes using bases in the neutral United States, fought several skirmishes against the authorities. The towns of

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who settled on the former lands of the Acadians and transformed Nova Scotia from a colony of occupation for the British to a settled colony with stronger ties to New England. Britain eventually gained control of Quebec City after the

3831:, which sent 22,000 British Columbia residents of Japanese descent to relocation camps far from the coast. The reason was intense public demand for removal and fears of espionage or sabotage. The government ignored reports from the 1851:

and parts of Nova Scotia, with a population of around 16,000. However, new arrivals stopped coming from France in the proceeding decades, meaning that the English and Scottish settlers in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the southern

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million in 1933. Canadian exports shrank by 50% from 1929 to 1933. Construction all but stopped (down 82 per cent, 1929–33), and wholesale prices dropped 30%. Wheat prices plunged from 78c per bushel (1928 crop) to 29c in 1932.

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would not give them "a five-cent piece." The main issue was the rapid deterioration in the economy and whether the prime minister was out of touch with the hardships of ordinary people. The winner of the 1930 election was

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were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers. However, individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally; thus with the passage of time, there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization (i.e.:

1072:(Haudenosaunee) were centred from at least 1000 CE in northern New York, but their influence extended into what is now southern Ontario and the Montreal area of modern Quebec. They spoke varieties of Iroquoian languages. 997:

peoples. The Algonquian language is believed to have originated in the western plateau of Idaho or the plains of Montana and moved with migrants eastward, eventually extending in various manifestations all the way from

3410:, which had been founded in 1909, was expanded and promoted Canadian autonomy as Canada reduced its reliance on British diplomats and used its own foreign service. Thus began the careers of such important diplomats as 12088:

Marchand-Senécal, Xavier; Kozak, Rob; Mubareka, Samira; Salt, Natasha; Gubbay, Jonathan B; Eshaghi, Alireza; Allen, Vanessa; Li, Yan; Bastien, Natalie; Gilmour, Matthew; Ozaldin, Omar; Leis, Jerome A (March 9, 2020).

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mounted an expedition of 90 vessels and 4,000 men against Louisbourg in 1745. Within three months the fortress surrendered. The return of Louisbourg to French control by the peace treaty prompted the British to found

16259: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 3021:. Specifically the Mounties were to assert Canadian sovereignty to prevent possible American encroachments into the area. The Mounties' first large-scale mission was to suppress the second independence movement by 696:

in 1931 recognized that Canada had become co-equal with the United Kingdom. The Patriation of the Constitution in 1982 marked the removal of legal dependence on the British parliament. Canada currently consists of

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on climate change by Canada's Liberal government in 2002. The accord was in 2007 nullified by Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Conservative government, which proposed a "made-in-Canada" solution to climate change.

2967:, a transcontinental line that would unite the nation, Ottawa attracted support in the Maritimes and in British Columbia. In 1866, the Colony of British Columbia and the Colony of Vancouver Island merged into a 2521:. The troubling memory of the war and the American invasions etched itself into the consciousness of Canadians as a distrust of the intentions of the United States towards the British presence in North America. 4100:

that had favoured British and other European immigrants were amended in the 1960s, opening the doors to immigrants from all parts of the world. While the 1950s had seen high levels of immigration from Britain,

4371:. The dispute was the first of a number of well-publicized conflicts between First Nations and the Canadian government in the late 20th century. In August 1990, Canada was one of the first nations to condemn 3082:

for the indigenous peoples' exclusive use, and opened up the rest of the territory for settlement. Indigenous people were induced to move to these new reserves, sometimes forcibly. The government imposed the

11633: 3586:(FDR) in the United States, but he got little passed. Bennett's government became a focus of popular discontent. For example, auto owners saved on gasoline by using horses to pull their cars, dubbing them 9498: 4302:

talks began between the provincial and federal governments, seeking constitutional changes favourable to Quebec. The failure of the Meech Lake Accord resulted in the formation of a separatist party,

1321:(carbon dating estimate 990 – 1050 CE). L'Anse aux Meadows, the only confirmed Norse site in North America outside of Greenland, is also notable for its connection with the attempted settlement of 3129:. The dispute went to arbitration in 1903, but the British delegate sided with the Americans, angering Canadians who felt the British had betrayed Canadian interests to curry favour with the U.S. 2777:'s charting expedition to the region by only a few weeks. In 1821, the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company merged, with a combined trading territory that was extended by a licence to the 2324:). After 1790 most of the new settlers were American farmers searching for new lands; although generally favourable to republicanism, they were relatively non-political and stayed neutral in the 2194:. In the former French territory, the new British rulers of Canada first abolished and then later reinstated most of the property, religious, political, and social culture of the French-speaking 3650:

Times were especially hard in western Canada, where a full recovery did not occur until the Second World War began in 1939. One response was the creation of new political parties such as the

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McCollom, Jason (2018). "'We Love You People Better than We Like Ourselves': Canada, the United States, Australia, the Soviet Union, and the International Wheat Pool Movement of the 1920s".

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Agreement, signed in December 1939, bound Canada, Britain, New Zealand, and Australia to a program that eventually trained half the airmen from those four nations in the Second World War.

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In order to redress the legacy of residential schools and advance the process of Canadian reconciliation, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission makes the following calls to action.

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with the United States despite significant animosity from the Canadian public who were concerned about the economic and cultural impacts of close integration with the United States.

2022:. The "expulsion" resulted in approximately 12,000 Acadians being shipped to destinations throughout Britain's North America and to France, Quebec and the French Caribbean colony of 4317: 12863: 1647:(aka "Hurons") in their battles against the Iroquois Confederacy. As a result, the Iroquois would become enemies of the French and be involved in multiple conflicts (known as the 4633:

that year to document the damage caused by the residential school system and the reconciliation needed to proceed into the future. It provided a "call to action" report in 2015.

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in 1876 to govern the relations between the federal government and the Indigenous peoples and govern the relations between the new settlers and the Indigenous peoples. Under the

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Anglophone historians, on the other hand, portray the Conquest as a victory for British military, political and economic superiority that was a permanent benefit to the French.

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who served 1896–1911 as the Seventh Prime Minister of Canada felt Canada was on the verge of becoming a world power, and declared that the 20th century would "belong to Canada"

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In 2008, the Government of Canada formally apologized to the indigenous peoples of Canada for the residential school system and the damage it caused. The government set up the

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Louisbourg was intended to serve as a year-round military and naval base for France's remaining North American empire and to protect the entrance to the St. Lawrence River.

1871:, while continuing to operate fishing settlements in Newfoundland. French expansion along the Canadian canoe routes challenged the Hudson's Bay Company claims, and in 1686, 3311:

from 1850, where women owning land could vote for school trustees. By 1900 other provinces adopted similar provisions, and in 1916 Manitoba took the lead in extending full

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Canadians watched. "Public support for Canada's foreign policy came unstuck. Foreign policy, from being a winning issue for the Liberals, was fast becoming a losing one."

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focusing their efforts on South America. The extent and nature of Portuguese activity on the Canadian mainland during the 16th century remains unclear and controversial.

11931: 1584:, who promptly carried out a major exploration of the northeastern coastline of what is now the United States. In the spring of 1605, under Samuel de Champlain, the new 16111: 7176:

Landry, Yves (Winter 1993). "Fertility in France and New France: The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries".

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Of a population of approximately 11.5 million, 1.1 million Canadians served in the armed forces in the Second World War. Many thousands more served with the

3510:, marks a constitutional crisis that was resolved by a new tradition of complete non-interference in Canadian political affairs on the part of the British government. 1702:. In 1622, the first settlers left Scotland. They initially failed and permanent Nova Scotian settlements were not firmly established until 1629 during the end of the 10733:

Major General Ken Stuart told Ottawa, "I cannot see that the Japanese Canadians constitute the slightest menace to national security." quoted in Ann Gomer Sunahara,

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began to grow more closely integrated. In 1986, Canada and the U.S. signed the "Acid Rain Treaty" to reduce acid rain. In 1989, the federal government adopted the

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to supervise the withdrawal of invading forces. The peacekeeping force was initially conceptualized by the Secretary of External Affairs and future Prime Minister

1576:. The fur trade became one of the main economic ventures in North America. Du Gua led his first colonization expedition to an island located near the mouth of the 1490:. Although the English had laid claims to it in 1497 when John Cabot made landfall somewhere on the North American coast (likely either modern-day Newfoundland or 2387:

and included modern-day Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, was ceded to the Americans. Fishing rights were also granted to the United States in the

11637: 590:, with distinct trade networks, spiritual beliefs, and styles of social organization. Some of these older civilizations had long faded by the time of the first 16034: 8037: 3725: 2893:

Federation emerged from multiple impulses: the British wanted Canada to defend itself; the Maritimes needed railroad connections, which were promised in 1867;

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to Nova Scotia and Scottish and English settlers to the Canadas, particularly Upper Canada. The Irish Famine of the 1840s significantly increased the pace of

15819: 9393: 3209: 2629: 799: 3106:. This solidified the liberal ideal of "equality before the law" in a way that made an abstract principle into a tangible reality for every adult Canadian. 2292:

in 1783, they took many Loyalist refugees to Nova Scotia, while other Loyalists went to southwestern Quebec. So many Loyalists arrived on the shores of the

16039: 13211: 5883: 2971:. After Rupert's Land was transferred to Canada by Britain in 1870, connecting to the eastern provinces, British Columbia joined Canada in 1871. In 1873, 1733:

Map of North America in 1702, showing areas occupied by European settlements. By the 18th century, the British and French had several competing claims in

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in eight out of ten provinces and one of three territories. Before the passage of the act, more than 3,000 same-sex couples had married in these areas.

2636:. A less well-received recommendation was the amalgamation of Upper and Lower Canada for the deliberate assimilation of the French-speaking population. 12935: 3068:

As Canada expanded, the Canadian government rather than the British Crown negotiated treaties with the resident First Nations' peoples, beginning with

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deadlock between Upper and Lower Canada, and their replacement with provincial legislatures in a federation. This was especially pushed by the liberal

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McNairn, Jeffrey L. (2016). "As the Tsunami of Histories of Atlantic and Liberal Revolutions Wash up in Upper Canada: Worries from a Colonial Shore".

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The North American climate stabilized around 8000 BCE (10,000 years ago). Climatic conditions were similar to modern patterns; however, the receding

9203: 5425: 7065: 4034:. John Saywell says, "The two kidnappings and the murder of Pierre Laporte were the biggest domestic news stories in Canada's history" In 1976 the 3358: 12891: 12532: 13280: 10523: 8831: 7447: 3771:, from Nova Scotia. German U-boats operated in Canadian and Newfoundland waters throughout the war, sinking many naval and merchant vessels. The 2915:

in Lower Canada who favoured a decentralized union in comparison to the Upper Canadian Conservative party and to some degree the French-Canadian

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was fought between the United States and the British, with the British North American colonies being heavily involved. Greatly outgunned by the

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and the New Englanders in Nova Scotia. Neither party joined the rebels, although several hundred individuals joined the revolutionary cause. An

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culture there. Some Acadians managed to hide and others eventually returned to Nova Scotia, but they were far outnumbered by a new migration of

1397:, the Spanish Crown claimed it had territorial rights in the area visited by John Cabot in 1497 and 1498 CE. However, Portuguese explorers like 16104: 795: 595: 9020: 3244:

in 1922 reported approximately 67,000 killed and 173,000 wounded during the war. This excludes civilian deaths in war-time incidents like the

9423: 4630: 4618: 3179: 2890:, "Ottawa turned its back on 'Dominion' in the 1940s and 1950s," impelled by what historian C.P. Champion referred to as "neo-nationalism.") 2379:

in 1783 formally ended the war. Great Britain made several concessions to the US at the expense of the North American colonies. Notably, the

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denounced it, saying it would integrate Canada's economy into that of the U.S. and loosen ties with Britain. The Conservative party won the

2238: 16278: 15709: 12986: 10368: 4653:, which caused over 40,000 deaths in the country, the third highest mortality toll in North America (behind the United States and Mexico). 3280: 1888: 609:

expeditions explored, colonized, and fought over various places within North America in what constitutes present-day Canada. The colony of

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in 2003, ending a 13-year division of the conservative vote. The party was elected twice as a minority government under the leadership of

1076:, according to oral tradition, was formed in 1142 CE. In addition, there were other Iroquoian-speaking peoples in the area, including the 16540: 16510: 16415: 15494: 8307: 3901:(which Canada wanted to be a transatlantic economic and political union as well). In 1950, Canada sent combat troops to Korea during the 3168: 2592: 6955: 6466: 4675:

historians it was a victory for British military, political, and economic superiority which would eventually only benefit the conquered.

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people of joint First Nations and European descent, who originated in the mid-17th century. The desire for independence erupted in the

2968: 2906: 1596:). Samuel de Champlain also landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604 (the feast of St. John the Baptist) and is where the city of 8779: 1880: 1390:, and other explorers continued to sail out of England to the New World, although the details of these voyages are not well recorded. 16097: 15503: 13443: 13059: 13023: 12981: 12976: 11429: 4761: 3827:

with major airbases. After the start of the war with Japan in December 1941, the government, in cooperation with the U.S., began the

3094: 2930: 2187: 1442: 182: 142: 91: 11138: 10900: 9625: 5969: 2157:, which the French considered more valuable than Canada. (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and 1718:

was signed, ending the war and returning Nova Scotia to the French. New France was not fully restored to French rule until the 1632

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during the late 1890s, with the U.S. controlling all the possible ports of entry. Canada argued its boundary included the port of

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in the 1950s provided the long-standard historical interpretation that for English Canada the results were counter-revolutionary:

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and two additional wars in Acadia and Nova Scotia between the Thirteen American Colonies and New France from 1688 to 1763. During

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Under Harper, Canada and the United States continued to integrate state and provincial agencies to strengthen security along the

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laid out the framework for uniting British colonies in North America into a federation. The Resolutions became the basis for the

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sparred constantly and bitterly in Commons debates. The Progressives gradually weakened. Their effective and passionate leader,

15949: 15704: 15569: 13468: 13098: 12928: 10812: 5619: 3929: 3922: 3757: 3363: 3315:. Simultaneously suffragists gave strong support to the prohibition movement, especially in Ontario and the Western provinces. 3263:. During the crisis, large numbers of enemy aliens (especially Ukrainians and Germans) were put under government controls. The 2805: 2233: 1719: 12621: 9454: 8858: 7090:

The Founding of New Societies: Studies in the History of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia

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that covered most of Canada, confining them to Alaska and the Yukon for thousands of years. The exact dates and routes of the

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Franklin Roosevelt and the Origins of the Canadian-American Security Alliance, 1933–1945: Necessary, but Not Necessary Enough

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On October 19, 2015, Stephen Harper's Conservatives were defeated by a newly resurgent Liberal party under the leadership of

3205: 2801: 1872: 1844: 1695: 1278: 1141:) depended on the vast herds of bison to supply food and many of their other needs. To the northwest were the peoples of the 591: 12439: 11975: 9595: 4603: 2648:, and responsible government was achieved in 1848, a few months after it was accomplished in Nova Scotia. The parliament of 680:

had existed in British North America since 1848, Britain continued to set its foreign and defence policies until the end of

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Canada's oldest known home is a cave in Yukon occupied not 12,000 years ago as at U.S. sites, but at least 20,000 years ago

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joined. Newfoundland—which had no use for a transcontinental railway—voted no in 1869, and did not join Canada until 1949.

2183: 1825: 1425:

established fishing outposts in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia around 1521 CE; however, these were later abandoned, with the

606: 442: 406: 289: 279: 111: 12877: 12067:"A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 2006–2009" 10337: 8994: 5674: 4866: 3475:

gradually gained influence and power among the Progressives, and he reached an accommodation with King on policy matters.

1585: 15990: 15796: 15544: 15511: 15393: 13135: 12721:

Report of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Historical Association / Rapports annuels de la Société historique du Canada

11694: 8188: 4913: 4334: 4086: 4047: 3655: 3307:

When Canada was founded, women could not vote in federal elections. Women did have a local vote in some provinces, as in

698: 602: 252: 4679:

Historians of the 1950s tried to explain the economic inferiority of the French Canadians by arguing that the Conquest:

3865:

Prosperity returned to Canada during the Second World War and continued in the following years, with the development of

2656:

in 1849 after the passing of an indemnity bill for the people who suffered losses during the rebellion in Lower Canada.

1498:, these claims were not exercised and England did not attempt to create a permanent colony. As for the French, however, 16089: 15873: 9256: 4583: 4130: 2278: 1330: 630: 515: 12004: 16355: 15398: 13305: 13071: 12996: 12991: 12921: 12734: 12692: 12488: 11611: 11071: 11017: 10607: 9141: 9090: 4756: 4599: 4085:

that year. The fair opened on April 28, 1967, with the theme "Man and His World" and became the best attended of all

4013: 3844: 3609: 3006: 1679: 416: 137: 106: 101: 12839: 8041: 4275:

was destroyed above the Atlantic Ocean by a bomb on board exploding; all 329 on board were killed, of whom 280 were

2730: 16405: 16122: 15980: 15424: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 13363: 13348: 13250: 13076: 13029: 12966: 12899: 12705: 12288: 11961: 11308: 10837:

Karl Mcneil, Earle (1998). "Cousins of a Kind: The Newfoundland and Labrador Relationship with the United States".

10302:

Boucher, Marc T. (1985–1986). "The Politics of Economic Depression: Canadian-American Relations in the Mid-1930s".

8335: 6849: 4878: 4469: 3906: 3151:

Laurier signed a reciprocity treaty with the U.S. that would lower tariffs in both directions. Conservatives under

2883: 2797: 2687:

immigration to British North America, with over 35,000 distressed Irish landing in Toronto alone in 1847 and 1848.

2625: 2293: 1987: 1746: 1703: 1611:

The establishment of Quebec City in 1608, with Samuel de Champlain and his party depicted in the bottom foreground.

962:

is an Indigenous culture that flourished along American rivers from 300 BCE to 500 CE. At its greatest extent, the

713: 483: 463: 361: 192: 187: 172: 162: 76: 11309:"Text of the Resolution respecting the Constitution of Canada adopted by the House of Commons on December 2, 1981" 9401: 9294:

McKay, Ian (December 2000). "The Liberal Order Framework: A Prospectus for a Reconnaissance of Canadian History".

7928: 7906: 3048: 1607: 892:. The introduction of pottery distinguishes the Woodland culture from the previous Archaic-stage inhabitants. The 16029: 15487: 13300: 13195: 13120: 11116: 4825: 4571: 4145: 3651: 3604:

The worst of the Depression had passed by 1935, as the Government of Canada launched relief programs such as the

3406:, in which a war threatened between Britain and Turkey. Canada refused, leading to the fall of Lloyd George. The 2936: 2879: 2628:

to examine the situation; he stayed in Canada for five months before returning to Britain, bringing with him his

2588: 2380: 2048: 1942:

occurred in 1710, resulting in Nova Scotia (other than Cape Breton) being officially ceded to the British by the

1601: 1374:. Records indicate that on June 24, 1497, he sighted land at a northern location believed to be somewhere in the 662: 549: 411: 304: 232: 40: 11553:

The Political Economy of Inter-regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability

5887: 4221:. On April 17, 1982, the Queen signed the Proclamation on the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa bringing the 3560:

assistance. Wages fell as did prices. The worst hit were areas dependent on primary industries such as farming,

16420: 16315: 11344: 11091: 4903: 4888: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4420: 4416: 4168:

was adopted as the official policy of the Canadian government during the prime ministership of Pierre Trudeau.

4153: 4039: 3937: 3807: 3598: 3591: 3221: 3156: 2762: 2605:

was defeated after battles across Quebec. Hundreds were arrested, and several villages were burnt in reprisal.

2384: 2258: 2118: 2090: 865: 645:, which came into force in 1841. In 1867, the Province of Canada was joined with two other British colonies of 16505: 12648: 7469: 4708:

to lose; they were not simply overwhelmed by superior force, they were justly chastised by the God of History.

3391:

eventually relented, and convinced the reluctant Americans to accept the presence of delegations from Canada,

2947: 810:, 50,000–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move gradually across the Bering land bridge ( 16470: 16000: 13436: 13105: 8652: 4908: 4560: 4388: 4126: 4057: 3886: 3832: 3621: 3260: 3014: 2501:

of 1817. A demographic result was the shifting of the destination of American migration from Upper Canada to

207: 197: 12066: 10413: 9357: 6564:"Putting Canada on the map: 16th-century globe that first labeled Great White North to be auctioned in U.K." 4492:

Environmental issues increased in importance in Canada during the late 90s, resulting in the signing of the

2567:

took up arms in a disorganized and ultimately unsuccessful series of small-scale skirmishes around Toronto,

16425: 15408: 15403: 13255: 12957: 10569: 4622: 4564: 4540: 4404: 3828: 3772: 3671: 3383: 2548: 2027: 1876: 1758: 1667: 1593: 1550:

was found on international maps showing the existence of this colony within the St. Lawrence river region.

1134: 1046: 1014: 1007: 764: 749: 721: 657:, forming a self-governing entity. "Canada" was adopted as the legal name of the new country and the word " 587: 366: 64: 10748: 9225: 8449: 6511:

The European Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521–1608

5429: 2878:

of the British Empire, the first time it was used about a country. With the coming into force of the UK's

2769:, crossed the continent and with his Aboriginal guides and French-Canadian crew, reached the mouth of the 2587:

were taken by the rebels, and Quebec City was isolated from the rest of the colony. Montreal rebel leader

1805:

and Canada. The census also revealed a great difference in the number of men at 2,034 versus 1,181 women.

15649: 15262: 13358: 13265: 13222: 13150: 12845: 12294: 11667: 11146: 10901:"The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples)" 9181: 8726: 8340: 7249: 6854: 4950: 4940: 4898: 4776: 4734: 4650: 4519: 4043: 3918: 3811: 3799: 3681: 3677: 3569: 3529: 3483: 3456: 3284: 3252: 2761:

was resolved peacefully largely in favour of Britain, the much stronger naval power at the time. In 1793

2696: 2399:

of 1795, but the continued supply of munitions irritated the Americans in the run-up to the War of 1812.

2383:

were officially demarcated; all land south and west of the Great Lakes, which was formerly a part of the

1919: 1573: 1527: 1228: 864:

still covered large portions of the land, creating lakes of meltwater. Most population groups during the

733: 693: 685: 473: 376: 332: 264: 5012: 3861:, after delegates from Canada and Newfoundland sign the agreement to admit the latter into Confederation 2843:. The scene is an amalgamation of the Charlottetown and Quebec City conference sites and attendees, the 2563:

took place in both Upper and Lower Canada. In Upper Canada, a band of Reformers under the leadership of

16567: 16063: 15985: 15925: 15842: 15480: 15448: 13382: 13115: 13088: 13044: 11231:

Weak Courts, Strong Rights: Judicial Review and Social Welfare Rights in Comparative Constitutional Law

10929: 7120:

The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667–1783

7051: 4945: 4893: 4883: 4643: 4591: 4165: 4070: 3590:. The Conservative failure to restore prosperity led to the return of Mackenzie King's Liberals in the 3519: 3499: 3148:

and Northern and Central Europeans and by settlers from the United States, Britain and eastern Canada.

2793: 2348: 2179: 2031: 1939: 1820: 1418: 1383: 222: 202: 177: 52: 24: 10527: 10390: 8835: 3986:

missile defence system and American aircraft. In 1958 Canada established (with the United States) the

1903: 1398: 16525: 15388: 13125: 11488:

Scarfe, Brian L. (Winter 1981). "The Federal Budget and Energy Program, October 28, 1980: A Review".

10753: 9720: 9711: 9362: 9107: 8298: 7438: 7433: 7056: 6679: 5710: 5681:. Department of Science and Technology Studies · The Center for Cultural Design. 2003. Archived from 4090: 3982:. The controversial aircraft was cancelled by Diefenbaker in 1959. Diefenbaker instead purchased the 3336:

of 1917 gave the vote to British women who were war widows or had sons or husbands serving overseas.

3010: 2864: 2753:

to satisfy the brisk market for sea otter pelts in China, thereby launching what became known as the

2668: 2641: 2475: 2329: 2266: 2229: 2110: 2068: 2013: 2002: 1991: 1947: 1934:

in 1697 ended the war between the two colonial powers of England and France for a brief time. During

1837: 1778: 1597: 1169: 1034: 670: 239: 86: 12888: 12351: 12247: 11837: 9896: 8806: 6280: 6149: 5827: 5325: 5185: 5040: 2868: 1969:

and the British recognition that it would have to negotiate with the Mi'kmaq in Nova Scotia. During

16520: 16301: 15599: 15429: 13473: 13429: 13353: 13235: 13165: 9028: 8885:"But There Was No War: The Impossibility of a United States Invasion of Canada after the Civil War" 4918: 4818: 4662: 4306:. The constitutional reform process under Prime Minister Mulroney culminated in the failure of the 4276: 3979: 3956: 3902: 3878: 3824: 3784: 3749: 3487: 3396: 3228:". The reputation Canadian troops earned, along with the success of Canadian flying aces including 3225: 2964: 2952: 2860: 2844: 2289: 2285:

in October 1781 signalled the end of Great Britain's struggle to suppress the American Revolution.

1943: 1927: 1569: 986: 963: 926: 823: 689: 618: 468: 346: 274: 12716:(2nd ed. 1986), 364pp evaluates the work of most of the leading 20th century historians of Canada. 9431: 7698: 3402:

In 1922 British Prime Minister David Lloyd George appealed repeatedly for Canadian support in the

3026: 2987: 1239:, whose culture has been traced back to around 500 BCE, were replaced by the ancestors of today's 16530: 15945: 13452: 13200: 12952: 9779: 4790: 4602:, was announced by the federal government. Canada is one of several nations that assisted in the 4248: 4157: 4051: 3874: 3806:

On the political side, Mackenzie King rejected any notion of a government of national unity. The

3574: 3337: 3272: 3264: 3133: 3114: 2856: 2852: 2836: 2814: 2778: 2714: 2663:

and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America, mainly from the

2514: 2340: 2274: 2247: 1923: 1860: 1829: 1782: 1652: 1539: 971: 950: 893: 753: 720:

that has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the

706: 314: 68: 12306: 12190: 12031:

Ambrose, Emma; Mudde, Cas (2015). "Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right".

10633: 10095: 8718: 8155: 7824: 5945: 5800:. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures. Vol. 4. Greenwood. p. 76. 4613: 4518:

Canada became the fourth country in the world and the first country in the Americas to legalize

4500: 4246:

which applies to both the federal government and the provincial governments, unlike the earlier

2513:, without fear of Indigenous attacks. After the war, supporters of Britain tried to repress the 2190:, formally recognizing aboriginal title, regulated trade, settlement, and land purchases on the 16500: 16410: 16360: 16320: 15910: 15868: 15638: 15623: 15589: 15574: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13290: 13245: 13180: 12908: 11659: 9934: 9158: 8268: 8157:

Restoring the chain of friendship: British policy and the Indians of the Great Lakes, 1783–1815

7991: 7985: 7851:

The Routledge Handbook of American Military and Diplomatic History: The Colonial Period to 1877

7666: 7660: 7635: 6732: 6726: 6674: 6646: 6092: 5910: 5035: 4923: 4832: 4465: 4456: 4267:

in Toronto. The bombing of Air India Flight 182 is the largest mass killing in Canadian history

4226: 4209: 4194: 3910: 3894: 3764: 3745: 3701: 3533: 3101: 2826: 2786: 2633: 2564: 2376: 2368: 2359: 2114: 2098: 2086: 2052: 1951: 1911: 1899: 1814: 1475: 1193: 1077: 1054: 870: 803: 677: 654: 622: 401: 356: 294: 12215: 11882: 11811: 11720: 11551: 11462: 11282: 11173: 11034: 11007: 10981: 10701: 10658: 10496: 10248: 10060: 9864: 8472: 8422: 7876: 7782: 7752: 7725: 7492: 7379: 7298: 7088: 6982: 6929: 6819: 6784: 6584: 6194: 6055: 6028: 5912:

Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Maps

5593: 5566: 5485: 5340: 5293: 5266: 5153: 3184: 2886:), Canada became a federated country in its own right. (According to James Bowden, writing in 2789:

fur districts, which reached the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

2335: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16340: 15824: 15534: 13260: 11750: 11578: 11524: 11256: 11229: 10469: 10221: 9652: 9330: 8923: 8682: 8589: 8562: 8293: 8121: 7849: 7600: 7573: 7546: 7519: 7406: 7352: 7145: 7118: 6999: 6959: 6931:

Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands

6757: 6699: 6536: 6509: 6482: 6428: 6401: 6374: 6320: 6248: 6221: 6117: 5999: 5795: 5768: 5705: 5646: 5539: 5512: 5233: 5107: 5087: 4983: 4928: 4097: 3583: 3490:. King sought to redefine the role of governor general at the conference, as a result of the 3367: 3229: 3141: 3018: 2887: 2518: 2498: 2443: 2402:

Canadian historians have had mixed views on the long-term impact of the American Revolution.

2352: 2146: 2072: 2009: 1915: 1902:. The French built the fortress during the mid-18th century to protect the Acadian colony on 1770: 1687: 1455: 1409:

brothers explored Newfoundland (Terra Nova) and Labrador claiming these lands as part of the

1394: 1314: 1288: 1205: 1165:

of the western Arctic may represent a distinct wave of migration from Asia to North America.

771:

Technological and industrial history of Canada § The Stone Age: Fire (14,000 BC-AD 1600)

737: 666: 553: 371: 212: 16475: 15742: 15472: 12780: 12758: 12506: 12478: 12457: 12418: 12386: 12365: 11403: 10596: 10181: 10151: 9080: 8506: 8358: 8064: 7960: 7954: 7325: 7027:

Stratégies missionnaires des Jésuites Français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVII siècle

6611: 5737: 5399: 1053:

from the sea, likely the Atlantic coast. According to oral tradition, the Ojibwa formed the

16480: 16395: 16370: 16044: 15940: 15895: 15858: 15853: 15809: 13320: 13310: 13110: 12724: 12525: 11206: 10783: 8783: 5027: 4670:

has always been a central and contested theme of Canadian memory. Cornelius Jaenen argues:

4468:

that was rejected by a margin of 50.6% to 49.4%. In 1998, the Canadian Supreme Court ruled

4346: 4307: 4272: 4264: 4035: 3866: 3788: 3734: 3715: 3706: 3507: 3217: 3038: 2995: 2983: 2972: 2897: 2483: 2463: 2388: 2126: 2113:

where its fishermen could dry their fish. France had already secretly transferred its vast

2043: 1970: 1962: 1711: 1495: 1414: 1363: 1146: 1138: 1111: 1073: 861: 830: 819: 807: 788: 702: 431: 421: 217: 12185:

The Writing of Canadian History: Aspects of English-Canadian Historical Writing Since 1900

11604: 11439: 9744:"'The Beginning of Our Regeneration': The Great War and Western Canadian Reform Movements" 9743: 6877:

British Atlantic, American frontier : spaces of power in early modern British America

6844: 6002:. In McManamon, Francis P.; Cordell, Linda S.; Lightfoot, Kent; Milner, George R. (eds.). 2416:

on the virtues of citizens but on protecting their rights from infringement by the state.

8: 16445: 16380: 16350: 16325: 15633: 15613: 15579: 13325: 13275: 13240: 13230: 13155: 12673:

A country nourished on self-doubt : documents in post-confederation Canadian history

12091:"Diagnosis and Management of First Case of COVID-19 in Canada: Lessons applied from SARS" 11776: 11150: 10904: 10006: 9629: 8330: 6430:

In Contact: Bodies and Spaces in the Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-century Eastern Woodlands

5973: 5155:

Late Wisconsin Environments and Archaeological Visibility on the Northern Northwest Coast

4797: 4412: 4400: 4303: 4217:

on March 29, 1982, 115 years to the day since Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the

4118: 4082: 3870: 3776: 3741:, and providing combat troops for the invasions of Italy, France and Germany in 1943–45. 3685: 3632: 3371: 3332: 3312: 3213: 3034: 2680: 2645: 2596: 2254: 2168: 2102: 2082: 1935: 1589: 1581: 1557: 1530:

all eventually failed. Despite these initial failures, French fishing fleets visited the

1507: 1471: 1459: 1346: 1158: 784: 626: 436: 386: 351: 341: 269: 16119: 11322: 10735:

The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War,

10437:"Conscription in Britain, New Zealand, Australia and Canada during the Second World War" 9278: 8965: 7275: 6347: 5031: 1986:. Despite the official cessation of war between the British and French empires with the 1401:

would continue to visit the north Atlantic coast, which accounts for the appearance of "

16460: 16455: 16385: 16365: 15905: 15900: 13315: 13270: 13185: 13160: 13145: 12609: 12235: 12183: 12113: 12090: 12048: 11505: 11112: 10626: 10319: 10088: 10002: 9927: 9884: 9679: 9311: 8904: 8810: 8415: 8261: 7817: 7628: 7201: 7193: 6814:

The Great Peace of Montreal of 1701: French-native Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century

6812: 6639: 6268: 6164: 6137: 6085: 5938: 5815: 5453: 5313: 5173: 5061: 4860: 4804: 4783: 4524: 4510: 4380: 4376: 4364: 4161: 4027: 3388: 3145: 3137: 2831: 2766: 2746: 2617: 2556: 2530: 2430: 2411:

of a society of men and masters, and not to the self-reliant freedom alongside of them.

2403: 2317: 1974: 1955: 1848: 1546:(1603). As a result of France's claim and activities in the colony of Canada, the name 1535: 1515: 1375: 1173: 1049:

retain an oral tradition of having moved to their lands around the western and central

990: 959: 946: 638: 426: 381: 299: 284: 259: 227: 12367:

The Essentials of Canadian History: Pre-colonization to 1867—the Beginning of a Nation

11777:

A Climate Change Plan for the Purposes of the Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act – 2007

10389:. The University of Calgary (The Applied History Research Group). 1997. Archived from 9572:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920

9539: 8834:. Heritage Resources of Saint John and New Brunswick Community College. Archived from 6456: 5846:"Materials for a Comparative Grammar of the Dene-Caucasian (Sino-Caucasian) Languages" 5428:. The University of Calgary (The Applied History Research Group). 2000. Archived from 3378:

Convinced that Canada had proven itself on the battlefields of Europe, Prime Minister

1503: 16400: 16390: 16330: 15915: 15594: 13285: 13190: 13039: 13011: 12786: 12764: 12688: 12676: 12666: 12585: 12512: 12484: 12463: 12424: 12410: 12392: 12371: 12221: 12194: 12118: 12052: 11888: 11817: 11783: 11756: 11726: 11584: 11557: 11530: 11468: 11352: 11348: 11288: 11235: 11179: 11067: 11040: 11013: 10872: 10707: 10664: 10637: 10603: 10502: 10475: 10254: 10227: 10187: 10157: 10099: 10066: 9965: 9938: 9870: 9810: 9803: 9685: 9658: 9575: 9336: 9315: 9137: 9134:

Clearing The Plains: disease, politics of starvation, and the loss of Indigenous life

9086: 8969: 8929: 8908: 8730: 8688: 8625: 8595: 8568: 8541: 8498: 8478: 8426: 8364: 8272: 8161: 8127: 8095: 8070: 7995: 7964: 7882: 7855: 7828: 7788: 7758: 7731: 7704: 7670: 7639: 7606: 7579: 7575:

Blooding at Great Meadows: young George Washington and the battle that shaped the man

7552: 7525: 7498: 7412: 7385: 7358: 7331: 7304: 7223: 7205: 7151: 7124: 7094: 7030: 7005: 6935: 6908: 6880: 6823: 6790: 6763: 6736: 6705: 6650: 6617: 6590: 6542: 6515: 6488: 6434: 6407: 6380: 6326: 6299: 6254: 6227: 6200: 6123: 6096: 6063: 6034: 6007: 5949: 5916: 5801: 5774: 5654: 5599: 5572: 5545: 5518: 5491: 5464: 5405: 5375: 5348: 5299: 5272: 5245: 5237: 5159: 5113: 5093: 5053: 4991: 4811: 4536: 4529: 4326: 4299: 4122: 3971: 3945: 3941: 3854: 3768: 3659: 3613: 3245: 3237: 3100:

In the 1890s, legal experts codified a framework of criminal law, culminating in the

3002: 2942: 2894: 2809: 2782: 2770: 2726: 2706: 2601: 2572: 2544: 2282: 2213: 2134: 2056: 1983: 1884: 1853: 1523: 1514:, to the spot where Montreal now stands. Permanent settlement attempts by Cartier at 1487: 1410: 1406: 1387: 1213: 1142: 1095: 1018: 717: 642: 614: 396: 309: 167: 155: 15628: 12627: 12005:"Justin Trudeau pledges 'real change' as Liberals leap ahead to majority government" 11908: 11375: 10688: 10090:

Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation

9924: 9460: 8015: 5065: 3905:

as part of the United Nations forces. The federal government's desire to assert its

3849: 2458:, the American war plans focused on an invasion of Canada (especially what is today 1723: 1382:, Newfoundland, although other locations are possible. After 1497 Cabot and his son 1216:

that included wooden houses, seagoing whaling and war canoes and elaborately carved

833:

allowed people to move by land south and east out of Beringia, and into Canada. The

16450: 16375: 16013: 15955: 15863: 13205: 13065: 12868: 12714:

Writing Canadian History: Aspects of English Canadian Historical Writing since 1900

12108: 12098: 12040: 11636:. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. February 27, 1998. Archived from 11497: 10758: 10448: 10311: 9994: 9843: 9758: 9716: 9599: 9367: 9303: 9193: 8896: 8756: 8303: 8232: 7443: 7185: 7061: 6684: 6296:

Chronology of World History: a Calendar of Principal Events from 3000 BC to AD 1973

5715: 5207: 5045: 4956: 4846: 4739: 4667: 4431: 4311: 4156:

like Alberta, opposed many of the policies emanating from central Canada, with the

4114: 4106: 4019: 3975: 3835:

and Canadian military that most of the Japanese were law-abiding and not a threat.

3684:

in 1931 which acknowledged Canada as coequal with the United Kingdom and the other

3561: 3553: 3541: 3491: 3472: 3411: 3268: 3075: 2991: 2774: 2757:. In 1789 war threatened between Britain and Spain on their respective rights; the 2734: 2439: 2281:, with the assistance of local militias. The defeat of the British army during the 2270: 2243: 1931: 1864: 1734: 1659: 1510:" the following summer. Cartier had sailed up the St. Lawrence river as far as the 1422: 1208:, sustained by the region's abundant salmon and shellfish. These peoples developed 1201: 1189: 1154: 933: 914: 878: 802:

evidence indicate that North and South America were the last continents into which

478: 319: 12044: 8900: 4408: 4109:, and northern continental Europe, by the 1970s immigrants increasingly came from 3748:. In all, more than 45,000 died, and another 55,000 were wounded. Building up the 2900:

sought to unite the lands into one country, dominated by the English language and

2312:) along the St. Lawrence River and the Gaspé Peninsula and an anglophone Loyalist 1543: 16345: 15965: 15690: 15617: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 12895: 12858: 12655: 12602: 12313: 11526:

Canadian Society in the Twenty-first Century: An Historical Sociological Approach

11061: 10866: 10177: 9959: 9603: 8958: 8615: 5369: 4505: 4280: 4204: 4074: 4038:

was elected to power in Quebec, with a nationalist vision that included securing

3810:

was held as normally scheduled, producing another majority for the Liberals. The

3753: 3689: 3631:

One political response was a highly restrictive immigration policy and a rise in

3197: 3126: 3118: 3107: 3079: 2867:, which led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. The term 2754: 2672: 2660: 2580: 2568: 2494: 2459: 2150: 1979: 1694:

to the south. On September 29, 1621, a charter for the foundation of a New World

1506:

in 1534 and claimed the land in the name of Francis I, creating a region called "

1499: 1451: 1244: 1209: 1181: 1042: 975: 885: 850: 729: 10955: 9057: 8884: 7548:

The "Conquest" of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions

4030:

demanded independence, and tensions rose until violence erupted during the 1970

3597:

In 1935, the Liberals used the slogan "King or Chaos" to win a landslide in the

3552:

A crowd gathers for free food at the Yonge Street Mission in Toronto during the

3467:, resigned to return to his grain business, and was replaced by the more placid 3287:, who served as prime minister with three separate terms between 1921 and 1949. 3188:

A train filled with soldiers departs from Toronto's Union Station shortly after

2470:

in 1813, driving the British out of western Ontario, killing the Shawnee leader

1946:, including Rupert's Land, which France had conquered in the late 17th century ( 888:

dates from about 2000 BCE to 1000 CE and is applied to the Ontario, Quebec, and

15786: 15584: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14451: 14446: 14441: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13049: 12324: 11813:

Same-Sex Marriage in the Americas: Policy Innovation for Same-Sex Relationships

10345: 8998: 8211:

The Idea of Liberty in Canada during the Age of Atlantic Revolutions, 1776–1838

5682: 4637: 4544: 4330: 4322: 4291: 4243: 4141: 4102: 4066: 4031: 3897:

was closely tied to that of the United States. Canada was a founding member of

3820: 3625: 3460: 3419: 3342: 3061: 2710: 2684: 2676: 2560: 2364: 2142: 2130: 2023: 1715: 1675: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1620: 1531: 1511: 1379: 1359: 1351: 1236: 1150: 979: 910: 904: 874: 842: 838: 661:" was conferred as the country's title. Over the next eighty-two years, Canada 9998: 9021:"What to Search: Topics-Canadian Genealogy Centre-Library and Archives Canada" 7189: 4182: 4144:

made social and cultural change his political goals, including the pursuit of

4022:

took place in Quebec, overthrowing the old establishment which centred on the

3318: 3283:. The Liberals regained their influence after the war under the leadership of 2608: 2008:

The British ordered the Acadians expelled from their lands in 1755 during the

1447: 582:

thousands of years ago to the present day. The lands encompassing present-day

16561: 16077: 15890: 15461: 13396: 12853: 12742:

A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: 1, Beginnings to Confederation (1982);

9252: 9198: 8925:

Getting it Wrong: How Canadians Forgot Their Past and Imperiled Confederation

8734: 7602:

The Fall of New France: How the French Lost a North American Empire 1754–1763

7521:

Canadian Military Atlas: Four Centuries of Conflict from New France to Kosovo

7327:

The Fall of New France: How the French Lost a North American Empire 1754–1763

6461: 5970:"Tirigusuusiit, Piqujait and Maligait: Inuit Perspectives on Traditional Law" 5845: 5568:

The Rise and Fall of North American Indians: From Prehistory through Geronimo

5460: 4726: 4360: 4213:. The British Parliament duly passed the Canada Act 1982, the Queen granting 4110: 3959: 3802:

voting on a plebiscite to introduce conscription for overseas service in 1942

3587: 3464: 3403: 3379: 3276: 3152: 2956: 2758: 2718: 2664: 2649: 2584: 2534: 2344: 2309: 2297: 2209: 2106: 1863:, the English also laid claim to Hudson Bay and its drainage basin, known as 1266: 1252: 846: 646: 579: 575: 503: 47: 13408: 12821: 12663:"A few acres of snow" : documents in pre-confederation Canadian history 12167:

Cornelius J. Jaenen, "Canada during the French regime", in D. A. Muise, ed.

11092:"Chronology of the October Crisis, 1970, and its Aftermath – Quebec History" 8417:

The Patriots and the People: The Rebellion of the 1837 in Rural Lower Canada

5292:

Mange, Martin P.R. (1996). Carlson, Roy L.; Dalla Bona, Luke Robert (eds.).

5049: 4140:

During his long tenure in the office (1968–1979, 1980–1984), Prime Minister

3429: 2273:

in 1775, with a goal to take Quebec from British control, was halted at the

1894: 1789:, in the winter of 1665–1666. The census showed a population count of 3,215 16270: 15975: 15882: 15878: 15694: 12122: 11859: 9832:"Hughes, Borden, and Dominion Representation at the Paris Peace Conference" 5909:

Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T., eds. (1996).

5514:

Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario

5057: 4961: 4696: 4493: 4395: 4384: 4214: 3951: 3882: 3858: 3729: 3468: 3434: 3256: 3233: 2742: 2487: 2486:

with the assistance of First Nations and loyalist informants, most notably

2435: 2313: 2305: 1833: 1766: 1706:. These colonies did not last long except the fisheries in Ferryland under 1690:, and soon after established the first successful permanent settlements of 1632: 1624: 1519: 1483: 1326: 1318: 1261: 1232: 1197: 1122: 1058: 967: 854: 725: 13421: 12103: 9848: 9831: 2109:, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of 1997: 1553: 1283: 966:

connected cultures and societies to the peoples on the Canadian shores of

15885: 12749:

A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: vol 2: Confederation to the present

12623:

A Source-book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers

12592:

A Source-Book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers

9307: 8521: 5490:. Vol. I: to 1500 (second ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 221. 4508:

in 2004. Same-sex marriage was legalized in 2005 with the passage of the

4474: 4368: 4356: 3933: 3885:

by a British governor. In 1948, the British government gave voters three

3780: 3478: 3442:

across the border during the alcohol prohibition era in the United States

3439: 3392: 3308: 3189: 3030: 2911: 2637: 2479: 2451: 2425: 2392: 2325: 2138: 1856:

outnumbered the French population approximately ten to one by the 1750s.

1707: 1671: 1648: 1640: 1616: 1491: 1256: 1221: 1050: 1003: 834: 780: 681: 650: 634: 12321:

Rise to Greatness: The History of Canada From the Vikings to the Present

10868:

The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic

10323: 4640:

and which had been reduced to third-party status in the 2011 elections.

3638: 3341:

gained full suffrage in 1940. The first woman elected to Parliament was

2733:

in 1774 and 1775. By the time the Spanish determined to build a fort on

896:

of Ontario manufactured the oldest pottery excavated to date in Canada.

712:

Over centuries, elements of Indigenous, French, British and more recent

15847: 15558: 12971: 12834: 12146: 11509: 10453: 10436: 10020:

Willis, John. "Tango along the Canadian–American Border in the 1920s".

9805:

The Woman Suffrage Movement in Canada: The Start of Liberation, 1900–20

9567: 8236: 7197: 6470:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 156. 4353: 4253: 4232:

In addition to the enactment of a constitutional amending formula, the

3963: 3711: 3617: 3415: 3241: 3085: 3042: 2978: 2917: 2738: 2455: 2396: 2217: 2175: 2154: 1950:). As an immediate result of this setback, France founded the powerful 1786: 1754: 1438: 1371: 1367: 1341: 1062: 999: 610: 557: 81: 12883: 12807: 11810:

Pierceson, Jason; Piatti-Crocker, Adriana; Schulenberg, Shawn (2010).

11634:"Canada and Multilateral Operations in Support of Peace and Stability" 10628:

Canada's war: the politics of the Mackenzie King government, 1939–1945

10250:

Working People: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Labour Movement

7354:

What Happened?: An Encyclopedia of Events that Changed America Forever

2332:

became the first incorporated city in what would later become Canada.

2077: 2001:

A migratory map showing the movements of Acadian deportees during the

1749:

became the most dominant force in New France and hoped to establish a

1729: 1243:

by 1500 CE. This transition is supported by archeological records and

818:

into northwest North America. At that point, they were blocked by the

15970: 15680: 13019: 10315: 9925:

Hilliker, John; Institute of Public Administration of Canada (1990).

9763: 6613:

The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History

6220:

Rorabaugh, William J.; Critchlow, Donald T.; Baker, Paula C. (2004).

4256:

was Trudeau's last major act as Prime Minister; he resigned in 1984.

3966:

program, its adoption garnered controversy given its nuclear payload.

3548: 3201: 2773:, completing the first continental crossing north of Mexico, missing 2467: 2197: 2035: 1797: 1683: 1467: 1306: 1177: 1026: 889: 12913: 12214:

Letourneau, Jocelyn (2012). Buckner, Phillip; Reid, John G. (eds.).

12169:

A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: 1: Beginnings to Confederation

11501: 3921:; this project was later the subject of a long investigation by the 3524: 3251:

Support for Great Britain during the First World War caused a major

544: 12559:

Nation and Society: Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History

12141: 12009: 11434: 9929:

Canada's Department of External Affairs: The early years, 1909–1946

6030:

Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age

3643: 3579: 3568:

In 1930, in the first stage of the long depression, Prime Minister

3447:

border officials until the U.S. finally ended prohibition in 1933.

3362:

The German delegate is portrayed signing the peace treaties at the

3070: 3057: 3022: 2901: 2745:

and charted the coast as far as Alaska, while British and American

2510: 2471: 2262: 2191: 2158: 2122: 1965:

resulted in both the fall of New France's influence in present-day

1791: 1762: 1691: 1402: 1370:

became the first European known to have landed in Canada after the

1217: 1104: 1069: 994: 918: 811: 658: 12719:

Careless, J. M. S. "Canadian Nationalism – Immature or Obsolete?"

12555:

Nation and Society: Readings in Pre-Confederation Canadian History

12301:

For an annotated bibliography and evaluation of major books, see

11809: 8656: 8123:

Crucible of power: a history of American foreign relations to 1913

4528:

in 2005. Court decisions, starting in 2003, had already legalized

613:

was claimed in 1534 with permanent settlements beginning in 1608.

15524: 12087: 10471:

Corvettes Canada: Convoy Veterans of WWII Tell Their True Stories

5204:

Unearthing the Law: Archaeological Legislation on Lands in Canada

5013:"The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas" 4078: 4061:

The proclamation for the national flag of Canada, issued in 1965.

3948:

in 1957 for his work in establishing the peacekeeping operation.

3914: 3204:

participation in the First World War helped to foster a sense of

2701: 2506: 2321: 2026:. The first wave of the expulsion of the Acadians began with the 1479: 1322: 1310: 1265:

was non-existent in Inuit society before the introduction of the

1030: 1022: 970:. Canadian expression of the Hopewellian peoples encompasses the 815: 11205:. Canadian Heritage (Multicultural Canada). 2004. Archived from 10811:. Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board. 1999. Archived from 10550:

Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada, 1939–1945

8780:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion: The crown in Canada" 4621:

held outreach and statement-gathering events over the impact of

4472:

by a province to be unconstitutional, and Parliament passed the

4259: 3140:

were admitted as provinces. They were growing rapidly thanks to

1088: 775: 15564: 12872: 12760:

Canadian History: A Reader's Guide: Beginnings to Confederation

12529:

Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada 1939–1945

11962:"A long-awaited apology for residential schools – CBC Archives" 11932:"Conservatives announce $ 9B purchase of military fighter jets" 11884:

Beyond Walls: Re-inventing the Canada-United States Borderlands

11664:

Celebrating Women's Achievements – Canadian Women in Government

7147:

North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent

3983: 3738: 2875: 2301: 1802: 1750: 1302: 1185: 1038: 937: 857:

fluted stone tools and the remains of large butchered mammals.

583: 561: 12497:

Norrie, Kenneth, Douglas Owram and J.C. Herbert Emery. (2002)

11976:

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action

9085:(second ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 4–8. 7029:. Les Presses de l'Université Laval, L'Harmattan. p. 44. 6879:. University Press of New England. pp. 14, 18–19, 22–23. 5538:

Francis, R. Douglas; Jones, Richard; Smith, Donald B. (2009).

4649:

From January 2020 to May 2022, Canada was greatly impacted by

3999:

desirable, and that the Commonwealth embodied a glorious past.

2717:

between the UK and the US until 1846, with the signing of the

15502: 11981:(Report). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2012 10980:. Canada's Air Force (National Defence). 2009. Archived from 10903:. Canadian Government Publishing. p. 190. Archived from 8524:

in all societies stagnated at around $ 400 to $ 800 per year.

8016:"The expansion and final suppression of smuggling in Britain" 6668: 6666: 6455: 5152:

Fedje, Daryl W.; et al. (2004). Madsen, David B. (ed.).

5011:

Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008).

4504:

The March of Hearts rally in support of same-sex marriage at

3816: 3122: 2039: 1966: 1801:(French-Canadian farmers) in the administrative districts of 1336: 1291:

on the island of Newfoundland. The Norse settlement dates to

1240: 1157:. The Na-Dene language group is believed to be linked to the 12364:

Crowley, Terence Allan; Crowley, Terry; Murphy, Rae (1993).

12350:(32 vol. 1915–1916) edited by G. M. Wrong and H. H. Langton 10855:

The Economist, May 9–15, 2009, pg 80, "A 60-year-old dream "

10524:"PROVINCE DONATES $ 1 Million TO HONOUR WW II VETERANS" 4394:

Following Mulroney's resignation as prime minister in 1993,

4203:

amendments. The resolution set out the text of the proposed

3978:

attempted to create a new, highly advanced jet fighter, the

3387:

been consecrated on the battlefield. British Prime Minister

3297:

History of Canadian women § Feminism and woman suffrage

3162: 1417:

created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters.

1378:. Official tradition deemed the first landing site to be at 12731:

Undiplomatic History: The New Study of Canada and the World

9562: 9560: 9056:. Toronto: The Grip Printing and Publishing. Archived from 8777: 8538:

Death or Canada: the Irish Famine Migration to Toronto 1847

4372: 4192:

being handed out. The charter was enacted as a part of the

3898: 3877:. The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the 2502: 1561: 1162: 1153:, who lived on the islands of southern Alaska and northern 1126: 11006:

Bothwell, Robert; Drummond, Ian M.; English, John (1989).

7878:

Historical Atlas of Canada [cartographic Material]

6663: 5767:

Johansen, Bruce Elliot; Mann, Barbara Alice, eds. (2000).

5345:

Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: an Encyclopedia

3881:

to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a

2300:—was created in 1784; followed in 1791 by the division of 1918:(1688 to 1697), military conflicts in Acadia included the 1753:

European and Aboriginal Christian community. In 1642, the

12531:(1970), the standard scholarly history of WWII policies; 12417:

Francis, R. D.; Jones, Richard; Smith, Donald B. (2009).

12260:

Jaenen, "Canada during the French regime" (1982), p. 40.

11725:(Concise fifth ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 211. 10703:"The" West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia 10657:

Francis, R. D.; Jones, Richard; Smith, Donald B. (2009).

9456:

Reciprocity, 1911: A Study in Canadian-American Relations

9253:"Survivors of Canada's 'cultural genocide' still healing" 8471:

Francis, R. D.; Jones, Richard; Smith, Donald B. (2009).

7381:

History: From the Dawn of Civilization to the Present Day

6223:

America's Promise: A Concise History of the United States

5295:

Comparative Analysis of Microblade Cores from Haida Gwaii

5089:

Canada And Arctic North America: An Environmental History

3752:

was a high priority; it was kept separate from Britain's

3121:

of 1867, became critical when gold was discovered in the

2924: 1877:

overland expedition from Montreal to the shore of the bay

1542:, as well as establishing fishing settlements such as in 1313:, arrived around 1000 CE and built a small settlement at 9574:. Reprinted by Naval & Military Press. p. 237. 9557: 7700:

The far reaches of empire: war in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760

7494:

The Far Reaches Of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760

6701:

Architecture and Town Planning in Colonial North America

5993: 5991: 5770:

Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy)

5455:

People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory

5010: 3692:

which was the final step in achieving full sovereignty.

3210:

Canadian military achievement during the First World War

2223: 1761:, who founded Ville-Marie, the precursor to present-day 1722:. This led to new French immigrants and the founding of 12385:

Felske, Lorry William; Rasporich, Beverly Jean (2004).

11550:

Bosch, Núria; Espasa, Marta; Solé Ollé, Albert (2010).

11464:

The Trouble with Canada ... Still! a Citizen Speaks Out

11005: 9964:. Vol. One: 1897–1948. Lester & Orpen Dennys. 9484:"'A Proper Slaughter': The March 1917 Gas Raid at Vimy" 8684:

The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia

8564:

The West beyond the West: a history of British Columbia

8254: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8246: 7787:(in French). Les éditions du Septentrion. p. 270. 6298:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 387. 6219: 2105:, France renounced its claims to territory in mainland 2089:

gains in pink, and Spanish territorial gains after the

1879:, where they managed to capture a handful of outposts. 1184:

and southern Athabaskan language groups, primarily the

617:

ceded nearly all its North American possessions to the

12775:; essays by experts evaluate the scholarly literature 12480:

A Military History of Canada: from Champlain to Kosovo

12333:(McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2012), Chapters by experts 11744: 11742: 9525:"The Incomparable Billy Bishop: The Man and the Myths" 9218: 9150: 8807:"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada" 6987:. K. Paul, French, Trübner & Company. p. 109. 6213: 5487:

Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History

4699:

was once the dominant style of scholars. He says the:

4415:

and was re-elected with further majorities during the

3642:

Strikers from unemployment relief camps on a train in

3324:

Canadian hospital in France during the First World War

1990:, the conflict in Acadia and Nova Scotia continued as 1196:

sheltered large, distinctive populations, such as the

12880:, includes Heritage Minutes (archived 1 January 2012) 12797:; essays by experts evaluate the scholarly literature 11009:

Canada Since 1945: Power, Politics, and Provincialism

10521: 8997:. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 2009. Archived from 8505:. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Archived from 7344: 6921: 5988: 5940:

Deep Blue Home: An Intimate Ecology of Our Wild Ocean

5298:. University of British Columbia Press. p. 152. 4333:

standing during the initial signing ceremony for the

3823:, and were a major presence in the British colony of 2493:

The War ended with no boundary changes thanks to the

2478:. The war was overseen by British army officers like 12363: 11549: 11516: 10650: 9705:

Jackel, Susan; Millette, Dominique (March 4, 2015).

9657:. University of British Columbia Press. p. 57. 9626:"Military History: First World War: Homefront, 1917" 9027:. Government of Canada. May 27, 2009. Archived from 8464: 8292:

Allen, Robert S; Marshall, Tabitha (July 23, 2015).

8258: 8243: 7848:

Frentzos, Christos G.; Thompson, Antonio S. (2014).

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Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia

5908: 5649:. In Johansen, Bruce E.; Pritzker, Barry M. (eds.). 5638: 5258: 4716: 4555:. Harper's Conservative Party won a majority in the 4411:

of the Liberals took office in November 1993 with a

3767:

began immediately, and from 1943 to 1945 was led by

2081:

Map showing British territorial gains following the

1494:) and had claimed the land for England on behalf of 783:

are estimated to have been formed at the end of the

12441:

Canadians in the Making: A Social History of Canada

12342:

The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History

11739: 11583:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 22–42. 11033:Dickinson, John Alexander; Young, Brian J. (2003). 11026: 10183:

The Politics of Chaos : Canada in the Thirties

9918: 9863:McMillan, Margaret (2005). Mackenzie, David (ed.). 9180:Gordon, Catherine E.; White, Jerry P. (June 2014). 8960:

The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History

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Canadians in the making: a social history of Canada

7727:

The Acadians: A People's Story of Exile and Triumph

7150:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 72. 6928:Pope, Peter Edward; Lewis-Simpson, Shannon (2013). 6294:Freeman-Grenville, Greville Stewart Parker (1975). 5902: 5531: 4964:, Canadian History web portal designed for children 4026:and led to modernizing of the economy and society. 3962:missile. Acquired as an alternative to the defunct 2524: 1623:in 1609. By 1615, he had travelled by canoe up the 12687:(2nd ed. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1983). 800 p. 12619: 12407:The Oxford Companion to Canadian Military History, 12338:The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History 12182: 11580:Transforming the Nation: Canada and Brian Mulroney 11376:"Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition" 10625: 10598:Out of the Shadows: Canada in the Second World War 10595: 10087: 10052: 9926: 9802: 8957: 8591:Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations 8414: 8363:. Vol. 1. Random House of Canada. p. 1. 8260: 8187:. Longmans, Green. pp. 135–36. Archived from 7816: 7703:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 138–140. 7630:Samuel Adams: Son of Liberty, Father of Revolution 7627: 6811: 6759:Aboriginal peoples of Canada: a short introduction 6638: 6501: 6084: 5937: 5452: 3498:In 1926 Prime Minister Mackenzie King advised the 12782:Canadian history. 2. Confederation to the present 12611:Documents of the Canadian Constitution, 1759–1915 12416: 12356:Conrad, Margaret, Alvin Finkel and Donald Fyson. 12270:Greer, Allan. "1837–38: Rebellion reconsidered". 11968: 11197: 11195: 10871:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. ??. 10656: 9869:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 379–408. 9329:Thompson, John Herd; Randall, Stephen J. (2008). 8713: 8711: 8470: 8259:Herd Thompson, John; Randall, Stephen J. (2002). 7784:Histoire populaire du Québec: De 1841 à 1896. III 7754:Histoire populaire du Québec: De 1841 à 1896. III 7511: 7350: 7276:"Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present" 7144:McIlwraith, Thomas F.; Muller, Edward K. (2001). 6927: 6508:Pickett, Margaret F.; Pickett, Dwayne W. (2011). 6293: 5544:(second ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 11. 5537: 3616:in 1936. Trans-Canada Airlines (the precursor to 3374:is visible in the back row (fourth from the left) 3326:casting their votes for the 1917 general election 3054:lieutenant governor of the North-West Territories 2208:to practice the Catholic faith and to the use of 1973:(1744 to 1748), an army of New Englanders led by 1678:, the English established additional colonies in 16559: 12842:– Guide to the Sources (archived 21 August 2014) 12640:; 484pp; primary sources on more than 200 topics 11874: 11543: 10593: 9909: 9283:. Ottawa: Printed by Samuel Edward Dawson. 1892. 8040:. Natural Resources Canada. 2010. Archived from 7847: 7143: 6718: 6641:Canada's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook 6403:The World Through Maps: A History of Cartography 5760: 5598:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 437. 5105: 4137:, particularly Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. 4042:in the province and the pursuit of some form of 3658:, as well as popular protest in the form of the 3097:to provide education to the Indigenous peoples. 2874:to indicate Canada's status as a self-governing 2796:was chartered in 1849, with the trading post at 1522:in 1598 by Marquis de La Roche-Mesgouez, and at 12706:Historiography of Canada § Further reading 12683:Urquhart, Malcolm Charles and F.H. Leacy, eds. 12607: 12384: 11755:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 21. 11714: 11712: 11693:. The Lilith Gallery of Toronto. Archived from 11522: 11066:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 3–152. 10898: 10594:Greenhous, Brereton; Douglas, W. A. B. (1996). 9914:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 401–22. 9332:Canada and the United States: ambivalent allies 9328: 8804: 8444: 8442: 8263:Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies 7931:. Canadiana (Library and Archives Canada). 1774 7744: 7470:"Our History: People: Explorers: Samuel Hearne" 7351:Findling, John E.; Thackeray, Frank W. (2011). 7220:"(Census of 1665–1666) Role-playing Jean Talon" 6956:"Charles Fort National Historic Site of Canada" 6474: 6379:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 61. 6325:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 20. 6196:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire: 1415–1580 6020: 5884:"First Nations – People of the Northwest Coast" 5517:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 24. 5368:Imbrie, John; Imbrie, Katherina Palmer (1979). 4478:outlining the terms of a negotiated departure. 4314:" but was rejected in 1992 by a narrow margin. 4294:began efforts to gain Quebec's support for the 4242:. The Charter is a constitutionally entrenched 2614:burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal 2101:, signed after the defeat of New France in the 1887:, where fur trappers and a few settlers set up 1808: 1580:. Among his lieutenants was a geographer named 16035:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States 12884:H-CANADA, daily academic discussion email list 12620:Reid, J.H. Stewart; et al., eds. (1964). 11748: 11523:Harrison, Trevor W.; Friesen, John W. (2010). 11454: 11192: 11175:Working in a global era: Canadian perspectives 11032: 10954:. Arrow Digital Archives. 2009. Archived from 10706:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 346–. 9704: 9566: 8708: 8339:. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). 8056: 7371: 7112: 7110: 6704:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 14. 6507: 6253:. University of California Press. p. 49. 6199:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 464. 5972:. Nunavut Arctic College. 1999. Archived from 5285: 5206:. Parks Canada. April 15, 2009. Archived from 4387:squadron with support personnel, as well as a 4054:, which was turned down by 59% of the voters. 3628:from a private entity to a crown corporation. 1405:" on maps of the period. In 1501 and 1502 the 1329:around the same period or, more broadly, with 637:in 1791. The two provinces were united as the 16286: 16105: 15488: 13437: 13413: 12929: 12779:Taylor, Martin Brook; Owram, Douglas (1994). 12757:Taylor, Martin Brook; Owram, Douglas (1994). 12564:Francis, R. Douglas and Donald B Smith, eds. 12405:Granatstein, J. L., and Dean F. Oliver, eds. 11838:"Canada passes bill to legalize gay marriage" 10568:. Canadian Naval Review. 2005. Archived from 10461: 10058: 9654:Canada and Quebec: one country, two histories 9644: 9386: 9182:"Indigenous Educational Attainment in Canada" 8450:"1839–1849, Union and Responsible Government" 8291: 8094:. Carleton University Press. pp. 17–22. 7814: 7551:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 48–. 7517: 7497:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 123. 6974: 6853:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). 6691: 6188: 6186: 6162: 5426:"C. Prehistoric Periods (Eras of Adaptation)" 4631:Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada 4160:creating considerable antagonism and growing 4073:among large number of English Canadians. The 3624:in 1939. In 1938, Parliament transformed the 3382:demanded that it have a separate seat at the 3180:Military history of Canada during World War I 1769:took direct control of the colonies from the 523: 16300: 16040:Proposed provinces and territories of Canada 12751:(1982), Topical articles by leading scholars 12744:(1982) Topical articles by leading scholars 12729:McKercher, Asa, and Philip Van Huizen, eds. 12220:. University of Toronto Press. p. 279. 12030: 11709: 11274: 11221: 11105: 11039:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 372. 11001: 10999: 10858: 10782:. Multicultural Canada. 2008. Archived from 10747:Stacey, C.P.; Foot, Richard (May 13, 2015). 10301: 10253:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 139. 10213: 10176: 10079: 10065:. University of Toronto Press. p. 232. 9961:Shadow of Heaven: the Life of Lester Pearson 9951: 9829: 9173: 8832:"Heritage Saint John > Canadian Heraldry" 8782:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from 8655:. Hudson's Bay Company. 2009. Archived from 8439: 7881:. University of Toronto Press. p. 171. 7868: 7757:. Les éditions du Septentrion. p. 270. 7690: 7484: 6786:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico 6724: 6589:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 242. 6366: 6339: 5766: 5585: 5504: 5367: 5264: 4984:"Beringia and the Peopling of the New World" 3726:Canada's involvement in the Second World War 3608:and the National Employment Commission. The 3144:that attracted immigration to the plains by 2725:Spanish explorers had taken the lead in the 2381:borders between Canada and the United States 2355:colonies saw an influx of loyalist migrants. 2203: 2195: 2162: 2062: 2017: 1643:. During these voyages, Champlain aided the 1386:continued to make other voyages to find the 13451: 12778: 12756: 12643:Talman, James J. and Louis L. Snyder, eds. 12137:"Tracking every case of COVID-19 in Canada" 11880: 11165: 11086: 11084: 10952:"ADA-Avro Arrow Archives-AVRO CF-105 ARROW" 10836: 10693: 10623: 10240: 10170: 10143: 10086:Gillis, R. Peter; Roach, Thomas R. (1986). 10085: 9933:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 9903: 9684:. McClelland & Stewart. p. ch 13. 9349: 9335:. University of Georgia Press. p. 79. 9179: 9159:"The Indian Act: An Historical Perspective" 9136:. University of Regina Press. p. 123. 8928:. University of Toronto Press. p. 78. 8687:. University of Toronto Press. p. 67. 8676: 8674: 8587: 8567:. University of Toronto Press. p. 20. 8147: 7780: 7750: 7665:. McClelland and Stewart Limited. pp. 7605:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 13. 7565: 7290: 7107: 6991: 6803: 6762:. University of Toronto Press. p. 15. 6578: 6576: 6352:Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site 6312: 6169:Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site 6109: 6062:. Vol. 1, A–L. ABC-CLIO. p. 123. 6026: 6000:"L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site" 5878: 5876: 5874: 5839: 5837: 5626:. Government of New Brunswick. June 3, 2010 5558: 5477: 4279:. The Air India attack is the largest mass 3838: 3169:Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years 2593:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada 2034:. Many of the Acadians settled in southern 1883:'s explorations gave France a claim to the 1432: 1340:A commemorative stamp from 1947, depicting 16293: 16279: 16112: 16098: 15495: 15481: 13444: 13430: 12936: 12922: 12213: 12069:. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2011 11881:Konrad, Victor; Nicol, Heather N. (2008). 11570: 11234:. Princeton University Press. p. 52. 11139:"Bid to hold the world's fair in Montreal" 10978:"North American Aerospace Defence (NORAD)" 10746: 10434: 9678:Brown, Robert Craig; Cook, Ramsay (1974). 9430:. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from 9400:. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from 9232:. UBC First Nations and Indigenous Studies 9053:Reminiscences of the North-West Rebellions 8408: 8406: 8174: 7948: 7946: 7900: 7898: 7776: 7774: 7398: 7377: 7330:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 2. 7300:Encyclopedia of North American Immigration 7093:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 224. 7001:Encyclopedia of North American Immigration 6898: 6896: 6616:. University of Toronto Press. p. 6. 6528: 6183: 6076: 5929: 4580:Canada was involved in the Afghanistan War 3970:Throughout the mid-1950s, prime ministers 2030:and the second wave began after the final 574:covers the period from the arrival of the 530: 516: 15504:Former colonies and territories in Canada 12274:((1995) 76#1): 1–18, quotation on page 3. 12112: 12102: 11749:Dickinson, John A.; Young, Brian (2008). 11373: 11280: 11178:. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 223. 10996: 10924: 10922: 10452: 10059:Russell, Peter H.; Sossin, Lorne (2009). 10043: 9847: 9800: 9762: 9677: 9197: 9082:Riel and the Rebellion: 1885 Reconsidered 8882: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8385:"The 1837–1838 Rebellion in Lower Canada" 8115: 8113: 8111: 8092:Western Ontario and the American Frontier 8062: 7929:"Original text of The Quebec Act of 1774" 7808: 7619: 7592: 7518:Zuehlke, Mark; Daniel, C. Stuart (2006). 7317: 7238: 7222:. Statistics Canada. 2009. Archived from 7171: 7169: 7167: 7080: 6980: 6934:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 278. 6776: 6603: 6420: 6393: 6240: 6047: 5404:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 5393: 5391: 5332: 5265:Herz, Norman; Garrison, Ervan G. (1998). 5158:. University of Utah Press. p. 125. 5145: 5125: 5039: 4762:Persons of National Historic Significance 4464:In 1995, the government of Quebec held a 4383:. Canada deployed destroyers and later a 4310:which would have recognized Quebec as a " 4298:and end western alienation. In 1987, the 3917:(the northern third of Quebec) to barren 3665: 3163:World Wars and Interwar Years (1914–1945) 2800:as the capital. This was followed by the 2391:and on the coast of Newfoundland and the 2184:Great Britain's new North American empire 1845:New France settlers were well established 1443:Former colonies and territories in Canada 12862:) is being considered for deletion. See 12582:Canadian history in documents, 1763–1966 12553:Conrad, Margaret and Alvin Finkel, eds. 12504: 12388:Challenging Frontiers: the Canadian West 12189:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 12024: 11909:"Row over Canada F-35 fighter jet order" 11556:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 374. 11529:. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 73. 11460: 11343: 11081: 10899:Dussault, René; Erasmus, George (1994). 10488: 10467: 10411: 10121: 9984: 9862: 9741: 9650: 9078: 9043: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8671: 8352: 8350: 8328: 8160:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 243–44. 8126:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 23. 7952: 7717: 7538: 7524:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 16–. 7049: 7043: 6725:Conrad, Margaret; Finkel, Alvin (2005). 6697: 6582: 6573: 6480: 6372: 6226:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 11. 5871: 5843: 5834: 5787: 5735: 5644: 5591: 5510: 5271:. Oxford University Press. p. 125. 4981: 4975: 4752:Events of National Historic Significance 4612: 4598: billion for the acquisition of 65 4590:. In July 2010, the largest purchase in 4499: 4316: 4258: 4181: 4056: 3988:North American Aerospace Defense Command 3950: 3909:during the Cold War manifested with the 3848: 3793: 3705: 3637: 3547: 3523: 3477: 3428: 3357: 3317: 3224:battles and what later became known as " 3183: 3047: 2977: 2946: 2909:of Upper Canada and the French-Canadian 2830: 2700: 2607: 2538: 2429: 2358: 2334: 2237: 2188:the British Crown and Aboriginal peoples 2076: 1996: 1893: 1824: 1728: 1606: 1552: 1446: 1335: 1282: 1029:region of Canada and likely the extinct 774: 543: 12747:Granatstein J.L. and Paul Stevens, ed. 11254: 11227: 11059: 10864: 10780:"Migration | Multicultural Canada" 10494: 10276:The Bennett New Deal: Fraud or Portent? 9957: 9809:(2nd ed.). University of Toronto. 9459:. Yale University Press. Archived from 9186:International Indigenous Policy Journal 9131: 9049: 8955: 8581: 8554: 8535: 8421:. University of Toronto Press. p. 8403: 8267:. University of Georgia Press. p. 8222: 7983: 7943: 7895: 7771: 7696: 7658: 7571: 7490: 7116: 7024: 6893: 6874: 6868: 6755: 6673:McGahan, Elizabeth W. (March 4, 2015). 6672: 6636: 6561: 6318: 6163:Hiller, James; Higgins, Jenny (2013) . 6115: 6004:Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia 5997: 5794:Opie, John (2004). Rees, Amanda (ed.). 5703: 5651:Encyclopedia of American Indian History 5564: 5483: 5242:Encyclopedia of American Indian History 5128:"When Did Humans Come to the Americas?" 4588:International Security Assistance Force 4239:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 4189:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 989:of what became Canada were home to the 849:archeological sites in Canada. Ice Age 758: 16560: 12476: 12455: 12180: 12059: 12002: 11688: 11487: 11171: 10919: 10699: 10290:William Lyon Mackenzie King: 1932–1939 10278:. Copp Clark. pp. 78–112, 147–90. 10273: 10246: 10219: 10149: 10117: 10115: 10094:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 9912:William Lyon Mackenzie King: 1874–1923 9777: 9681:Canada, 1896–1921 A Nation Transformed 9522: 9244: 9206:from the original on November 30, 2015 9156: 9106:lbers, Gretchen (September 25, 2015). 9013: 8921: 8798: 8741: 8680: 8614: 8560: 8540:. Novalis Publishing Inc. p. 97. 8153: 8108: 8089: 7404: 7296: 7175: 7164: 7068:from the original on February 27, 2014 6997: 6809: 6586:Champlain: The Birth of French America 6534: 6453: 6406:. University of Maryland. p. 94. 6376:Champlain: The Birth of French America 6345: 6192: 6082: 5935: 5595:History and Ethnography of the Beothuk 5444: 5397: 5388: 5361: 5343:. In Gibbon, Guy; et al. (eds.). 5338: 4207:, which also included the text of the 4081:came to Montreal, coinciding with the 3923:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 3789:invasion of France and the Netherlands 3758:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan 2925:Territorial expansion west (1867–1914) 2921:, which favoured a centralized union. 2749:had begun a busy era of commerce with 2640:were merged into a single colony, the 2595:" to a crowd assembled at the town of 2316:, with its capital settled by 1796 in 2234:Nova Scotia in the American Revolution 1922:; a naval battle in the Bay of Fundy ( 1666:, in 1583 as the first North American 1615:In 1608 Champlain founded what is now 826:are the subject of an ongoing debate. 16274: 16093: 15476: 13425: 13412: 12943: 12917: 12546:Bumsted, J. M. and Len Keffert, eds. 12437: 12305:(2nd ed., 2000) by J. André Senécal, 11929: 11576: 11281:Duncan, James S.; Ley, David (1993). 10944: 10749:"World War II: Cost and Significance" 9475: 9452: 9322: 9293: 9250: 9105: 8982: 8754: 8497: 8412: 8347: 8310:from the original on December 5, 2013 8180: 8119: 8066:Handbook of Upper Canadian Chronology 7904: 7625: 7450:from the original on December 3, 2013 7431: 7212: 7086: 6842: 6836: 6789:. Digital Scanning Inc. p. 585. 6782: 6749: 6609: 6426: 6399: 6354:. Memorial University of Newfoundland 6246: 6171:. Memorial University of Newfoundland 6053: 6033:. ReykjavíkurAkademían. p. 216. 5944:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 5886:. B.C. Archives. 1999. Archived from 5704:Ramsden, Peter G. (August 28, 2015). 5450: 5291: 5234:"Archaeology and the First Americans" 5231: 5151: 5004: 4455:Campaign signs for both sides of the 3540:Canada was hit hard by the worldwide 3353: 2931:Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914) 2802:Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 2474:, and breaking the military power of 2224:American Revolution and the Loyalists 2161:had notoriously dismissed Canada as " 1757:sponsored a group of settlers led by 1741:After Champlain's death in 1635, the 1279:European colonization of the Americas 1255:are anthropologically different from 743: 663:expanded by incorporating other parts 586:have been inhabited for millennia by 16120:Lists of people with entries in the 13281:Northwest Territories capital cities 12835:The Dictionary of Canadian Biography 12462:. McClelland & Stewart Limited. 11782:(Report). Environment Canada. 2007. 11718: 11325:. Department of Justice Canada. 2010 10632:. Oxford University Press. pp. 10366: 10156:. Doubleday Canada. pp. 2–613. 9481: 9355: 9025:Ethno-Cultural and Aboriginal Groups 8964:. Oxford University Press. pp. 8452:. Canada in the Making project. 2005 8356: 7874: 7723: 7598: 7544: 7323: 7303:. Infobase Publishing. p. 203. 7050:Miquelon, Dale (December 16, 2013). 6958:. Parks Canada. 2009. Archived from 6731:. Longman Publishing Group. p. 5793: 5418: 5085: 4986:. In Andrea Ph.D., Alfred J. (ed.). 4576:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative 4379:, and it quickly agreed to join the 4024:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec 3680:, the British Parliament passed the 3303:Canadian women during the world wars 3078:on traditional territories, created 2804:in 1853, and by the creation of the 2246:repel an American column during the 2174:Following the Treaty of Paris, King 2125:of France had given his cousin King 1538:, trading and making alliances with 1478:'s navigation of the region between 1247:that tells of having driven off the 1006:in the east and as far south as the 560:, influencing the later creation of 392:Northwest Territories capital cities 15394:List of governors general of Canada 12645:Basic Documents in Canadian History 11887:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 189. 11012:. U of Toronto Press. p. 131. 10865:McGrath, Melanie (March 12, 2009). 10839:American Review of Canadian Studies 10474:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 24. 10112: 10022:American Review of Canadian Studies 8889:American Review of Canadian Studies 7634:. Oxford University Press. p. 7408:Atlas of British overseas expansion 7123:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 43. 7004:. Infobase Publishing. p. 67. 6902: 6847:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.). 5962: 5915:. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 1065. 4914:History of rail transport in Canada 4619:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 4335:North American Free Trade Agreement 3695: 3656:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 3513: 3450: 3290: 3267:was deeply split, with most of its 3074:in 1871. The treaties extinguished 2690: 1287:A model of the Norse settlement at 1272: 787:(about 10,000 years ago), when the 699:ten provinces and three territories 13: 15399:List of prime ministers of Canada 12370:. Research & Education Assoc. 12344:(2 vol. 2014), University textbook 12282: 11840:. The New York Times Company. 2005 11430:"In Depth: Air India: The Victims" 10019: 9374:from the original on June 12, 2018 9259:from the original on July 25, 2016 8856: 7990:. McClelland and Stewart. p. 7432:Marsh, James (December 16, 2013). 6630: 5853:Aspects of Comparative Linguistics 5268:Geological Methods for Archaeology 5109:An Environmental History of Canada 4617:Map with areas labelled where the 4457:1995 Quebec sovereignty referendum 4071:considerable debate and misgivings 3728:began when Canada declared war on 3646:, en route to Eastern Canada, 1935 3370:delegates. The Canadian delegate, 3253:political crisis over conscription 3173: 2442:and First Nations of an impending 2257:, there was some sympathy for the 945:Local cultural expressions of the 39: 14: 16579: 12866:to help reach a consensus. › 12829:National Historic Sites of Canada 12815: 12626:. Longmans Canada. Archived from 12499:A History of the Canadian Economy 12269: 12003:Gollom, Mark (October 19, 2015). 11689:Moffat, Charles (November 2007). 11612:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 11323:"Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982" 11203:"Immigration Policy in the 1970s" 10663:. Cengage Learning. p. 428. 10526:. .news.gov.bc.ca. Archived from 10140:Vol. VI (Ottawa 1931), pp. 1, 267 10062:Parliamentary Democracy in Crisis 9910:MacGregor Dawson, Robert (1959). 9596:"The Conscription Crisis of 1917" 8778:Department of Canadian Heritage. 8477:. Cengage Learning. p. 147. 8333:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). 6562:Boswell, Randy (April 22, 2013). 5738:"Dating the Iroquois Confederacy" 5571:. Roberts Rinehart. p. 236. 5106:Sefton MacDowell, Laurel (2012). 4757:National Historic Sites of Canada 4656: 3913:, in which Inuit were moved from 3620:) was formed in 1937, as was the 3610:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2969:single Colony of British Columbia 2624:The British government then sent 2304:into the largely French-speaking 2186:and stabilized relations between 1331:Norse exploration of the Americas 594:and have been discovered through 16416:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16123:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 16071: 16059: 16058: 16030:Territorial evolution after 1867 15455: 15444: 15443: 13390: 13378: 13377: 12900:Association for Canadian Studies 12889:Canadian History & Knowledge 12878:The Historica-Dominion Institute 12802:Rich, E. E. "Canadian History." 12352:online detailed popular history 12289:Bibliography of Canadian history 12263: 12254: 12207: 12174: 12161: 12129: 12081: 11996: 11954: 11923: 11901: 11852: 11830: 11816:. Lexington Books. p. 169. 11803: 11769: 11691:"The Roots of Quebec Separatism" 11682: 11652: 11626: 11597: 11481: 11422: 11396: 11367: 11337: 11315: 11301: 11255:Vicente, Mary Elizabeth (2005). 11248: 11131: 11053: 10970: 10892: 10849: 10830: 10798: 10772: 10740: 10727: 10677: 10617: 10587: 10555: 10542: 10515: 10428: 10405: 10379: 10360: 10330: 10295: 10282: 10267: 10226:. Doubleday Canada. p. 54. 10200: 10130: 10037: 10028: 10013: 9978: 9866:Canada and the Peace Settlements 9856: 9830:Fitzhardinge, L.F. (June 1968). 9823: 9801:Cleverdon, Catherine L. (1974). 9794: 9780:"The "Votes For Women" Movement" 9771: 9735: 9698: 9671: 9618: 9588: 9516: 9446: 9416: 9287: 9271: 9125: 9099: 9072: 8949: 8915: 8876: 8850: 8824: 8771: 8645: 8608: 8529: 8491: 8377: 8336:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 8322: 8285: 8216: 8203: 8083: 8030: 8008: 7977: 7875:Kerr, Donald P. (Peter) (1987). 7246:"Statistics for the 1666 Census" 6850:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 6818:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 5620:"Maliseet and Mi'kmaq Languages" 5126:Gugliotta, Guy (February 2013). 4879:Constitutional history of Canada 4872:History by province or territory 4865: 4719: 4488:History of Canada (1982–present) 4466:second referendum on sovereignty 4442: 4430: 4343:relations with the United States 4225:into force, thus patriating the 4178:History of Canada (1982–present) 3907:territorial claims in the Arctic 2820: 2525:Rebellions and the Durham Report 2202:, guaranteeing the right of the 1534:communities and sailed into the 1462:during his second voyage in 1535 1192:. The inlets and valleys of the 1103: 1087: 925: 903: 716:customs have combined to form a 552:was a pivotal battle during the 497: 13060:Former colonies and territories 12905:Baldwin Collection of Canadiana 12846:The Quebec History encyclopedia 12785:. University of Toronto Press. 12763:. University of Toronto Press. 12685:Historical statistics of Canada 12391:. University of Calgary Press. 12033:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 11117:Department of Canadian Heritage 11063:Canadian Annual Review for 1970 10223:The Great Depression: 1929–1939 10153:The Great Depression: 1929–1939 10124:Historical Statistics of Canada 9628:. Lermuseum.org. Archived from 9226:"The Residential School System" 7921: 7652: 7578:. Running Press. pp. 62–. 7462: 7425: 7268: 7018: 6948: 6728:History of the Canadian Peoples 6555: 6447: 6433:. Rowman Altamira. p. 38. 6287: 6156: 5729: 5697: 5667: 5612: 4481: 4146:official bilingualism in Canada 3714:en route to the UK, taken from 3536:by Relief Project workers, 1934 2937:Territorial evolution of Canada 2880:British North America Act, 1867 2547:and their followers during the 2517:that was common among American 2438:warning the British Lieutenant 2049:Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1889:scattered forts and settlements 1720:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 550:Battle of the Plains of Abraham 12574:Primary sources and statistics 11930:Stone, Laura (July 16, 2010). 11284:Place, Culture, Representation 10522:Office of the Premier (2003). 10136:Canada, Bureau of the Census, 9356:Farr, D.M.L. (March 4, 2015). 9251:Luxen, Micah (June 24, 2016). 7823:. Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. 7384:. DK Publishing. p. 483. 6907:. Tuckwell Press. p. 21. 6783:Hodge, Frederick Webb (2003). 6454:Parkin, George Robert (1911). 6250:The Atlantic Coast (1520–1526) 6193:Diffie, Bailey Wallys (1977). 5675:"Background 1: Ojibwa history" 5225: 5192: 5079: 4904:History of education in Canada 4889:History of Canadian newspapers 4746:National historic significance 4329:, and Canadian Prime Minister 4254:patriation of the constitution 3938:United Nations Emergency Force 3408:Department of External Affairs 3238:nation a new sense of identity 3157:1911 Canadian federal election 3007:First Prime Minister of Canada 2654:set on fire by a mob of Tories 2599:in 1838. The rebellion of the 2444:American attack at Beaver Dams 2419: 2119:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) 1670:by royal prerogative of Queen 1110:Pre-Columbian distribution of 1094:Pre-Columbian distribution of 728:, Canada's strong support for 724:. Since the conclusion of the 1: 12851: 12608:Kennedy, W.P.M., ed. (1918). 12540:Scholarly article collections 12450:The Penguin History of Canada 12420:Journeys: A History of Canada 12331:Illustrated History of Canada 12217:What is to be done with 1759? 12045:10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033 11461:Gairdner, William D. (2011). 11383:Canadian Parliamentary Review 11355:(published December 11, 1931) 11257:"The National Energy Program" 10660:Journeys: A History of Canada 9523:Bashow, David (Autumn 2002). 9280:Criminal Code, 1892, Chap. 29 9163:Canadian Parliamentary Review 8901:10.1080/02722011.2017.1406965 8474:Journeys: A History of Canada 8038:"Territorial Evolution, 1867" 7984:Raddall, Thomas Head (2003). 7956:The Pelican History of Canada 7781:Lacoursière, Jacques (1996). 7751:Lacoursière, Jacques (1996). 6541:. New Word City. p. 86. 6427:Loren, Diana Dipaolo (2008). 6346:Hiller, J.K. (August 2004) . 6165:"John Cabot's voyage of 1498" 6116:Grimbly, Shona, ed. (2013) . 6056:"Cabot, John (1450-ca. 1498)" 6054:Mills, William James (2003). 5541:Journeys: A History of Canada 5371:Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery 5240:; Pritzker, Barry M. (eds.). 4968: 4909:History of medicine in Canada 4539:and PC Party merged into the 4154:petroleum-producing provinces 4152:. The west, particularly the 4131:Immigrants of all backgrounds 4014:History of Canada (1960–1981) 3845:History of Canada (1945–1960) 3622:National Film Board of Canada 3093:, the government started the 3015:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2813:Parallel, became part of the 2765:, a Scotsman working for the 2632:, which strongly recommended 2182:. The proclamation organized 1698:was granted by King James to 1292: 1133:(who spoke a closely related 845:contain some of the earliest 16541:United States Virgin Islands 15936:British Columbia (1866–1871) 15931:British Columbia (1858–1866) 15404:Population of Canada by year 13035:Crown and Indigenous peoples 12566:Readings in Canadian History 12483:. McClelland & Stewart. 12438:Lower, Arthur R. M. (1958). 12095:Clinical Infectious Diseases 11261:Canada's Digital Collections 10930:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1957" 10563:"The Battle of the Atlantic" 10414:"The Statute of Westminster" 10122:Urquhart, M.C., ed. (1965). 9778:Voisey, Paul (Summer 1975). 9050:Boulton, Charles A. (1886). 8883:MacKenzie, Scott A. (2017). 7815:Beacock Fryer, Mary (1993). 7662:Halifax, Warden of the North 7405:Porter, Andrew Neil (1994). 6610:Innis, Harold Adams (1999). 6481:Riendeau, Roger E. (2007) . 6091:. Breakwater Books. p. 5647:"Pre-Contact Indian History" 5374:. Harvard University Press. 5339:Bryant, Vaugh M. Jr (1998). 4541:Conservative Party of Canada 4520:same-sex marriage nationwide 4171: 4096:Legislative restrictions on 4065:In 1965, Canada adopted the 4007: 3829:Japanese-Canadian internment 3787:, and the highly successful 3672:Statute of Westminster, 1931 3418:, and future prime minister 2841:Conference at Quebec in 1864 2549:Assembly of the Six Counties 2097:As part of the terms of the 2028:Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755) 1938:(1702 to 1713), the British 1809:Wars during the colonial era 1759:Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve 1594:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia 1574:Pierre Du Gua, Sieur de Mons 1488:a route to the Pacific Ocean 1170:Interior of British Columbia 1047:central Algonquian languages 1015:eastern Algonquian languages 1008:Tidewater region of Virginia 765:Indigenous peoples in Canada 750:Timeline of Canadian history 736:has been closely related to 601:From the late 15th century, 7: 12590:Crowe, Harry S. et al. eds 12505:Riendeau, Roger E. (2007). 12348:Chronicles of Canada Series 12295:List of Canadian historians 12097:. ciaa227 (16): 2207–2210. 11668:Library and Archives Canada 11147:Library and Archives Canada 11060:Saywell, John, ed. (1971). 10624:Granatstein, J. L. (1975). 10208:William Lyon Mackenzie King 10186:. Dundurn. pp. 1–162. 8727:Library and Archives Canada 8621:British Columbia: A History 8503:"The Industrial Revolution" 8389:McCord Museum's collections 8360:John A: The Man Who Made Us 8341:University of Toronto Press 8154:Willig, Timothy D. (2008). 7987:Halifax Warden of the North 7819:More battlefields of Canada 7250:Library and Archives Canada 6981:Kingsford, William (1888). 6875:Hornsby, Stephen J (2005). 6855:University of Toronto Press 6698:Kornwolf, James D. (2002). 6583:Litalien, Raymonde (2004). 6373:Litalien, Raymonde (2004). 5736:Johansen, Bruce E. (1995). 5645:Pritzker, Barry M. (2007). 5592:Marshall, Ingeborg (1996). 5511:Hamilton, Michelle (2010). 4982:Lawrence, David M. (2011). 4951:Journal of Canadian Studies 4941:Canadian Journal of History 4899:History of cities in Canada 4735:List of Canadian historians 4712: 4625:with the indigenous peoples 4572:Canada–United States border 3812:Conscription Crisis of 1944 3775:was involved in the failed 3678:Balfour Declaration of 1926 3484:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3457:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3285:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3261:rejecting national policies 3206:British-Canadian nationhood 2697:History of British Columbia 2561:British colonial government 1920:Battle of Port Royal (1690) 1869:new trading posts and forts 1836:to French forces after the 1651:) until the signing of the 1317:at the northernmost tip of 1147:Athapaskan-speaking peoples 1135:Central Algonquian language 686:Balfour Declaration of 1926 10: 16584: 15843:British Arctic Territories 12703: 12548:Interpreting Canada's Past 12312:November 28, 2020, at the 12292: 12286: 12272:Canadian Historical Review 11577:Blake, Raymond B. (2007). 11467:. BPS Books. p. 418. 11408:Canada: A People's History 11404:"The Night of Long Knives" 11287:. Routledge. p. 205. 10806:"Dominion of Newfoundland" 10435:Littlewood, David (2020). 9836:Canadian Historical Review 9742:Thompson, John H. (1972). 9538:(3): 55–60. Archived from 9296:Canadian Historical Review 8588:Sutton Lutz, John (2009). 7953:McNaught, Kenneth (1976). 7659:Raddall, Thomas H (1971). 7117:Preston, David L. (2009). 6348:"The Portuguese Explorers" 6087:John Cabot and the Matthew 6027:Kristinsson, Axel (2010). 5998:Wallace, Birgitta (2009). 5844:Bengtson, John D. (2008). 5706:"Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)" 5484:Lockard, Craig A. (2010). 5401:Prehistory of the Americas 5398:Fiedel, Stuart J. (1992). 4988:World History Encyclopedia 4946:Canadian Historical Review 4894:History of Canadian sports 4884:Economic history of Canada 4668:The Conquest of New France 4660: 4522:with the enactment of the 4485: 4367:and the adjoining town of 4281:murder in Canadian history 4175: 4166:Multiculturalism in Canada 4148:and plans for significant 4011: 3944:. Pearson was awarded the 3895:Canada during the Cold War 3842: 3699: 3669: 3528:Road construction between 3520:Great Depression in Canada 3517: 3438:, a Canadian ship used to 3300: 3294: 3177: 3166: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2824: 2806:Colony of British Columbia 2794:Colony of Vancouver Island 2694: 2528: 2423: 2349:American Revolutionary War 2227: 2180:Royal Proclamation of 1763 2066: 2032:Siege of Louisbourg (1758) 1821:Military history of Canada 1818: 1812: 1436: 1276: 768: 762: 747: 53:The Death of General Wolfe 16516:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 16434: 16308: 16130: 16053: 16022: 15999: 15818: 15795: 15774: 15751: 15718: 15666: 15543: 15510: 15438: 15417: 15389:List of Canadian monarchs 15381: 15261: 15190: 14387: 13459: 13419: 13414:Links to related articles 13372: 13341: 13221: 13171:Newfoundland and Labrador 13134: 13010: 12951: 12823:The Canadian Encyclopedia 12508:A Brief History of Canada 12459:A short history of Canada 12303:Canada: A Reader's Guide, 11911:. BBC News. July 16, 2010 11752:A Short History of Quebec 11374:Trepanier, Peter (2004). 11143:Expo 67 Man and His World 11036:A short history of Quebec 10754:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10501:. ABC-CLIO. p. 159. 10495:Sandler, Stanley (2002). 10412:Bélanger, Claude (2001). 10274:Wilbur, J. R. H. (1968). 10044:Hutchison, Bruce (1952). 10007:10.3098/ah.2018.092.3.404 9999:10.3098/ah.2018.092.3.404 9712:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9651:Bothwell, Robert (1998). 9532:Canadian Military Journal 9497:(2): 7–24. Archived from 9491:Canadian Military History 9363:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9358:"Alaska Boundary Dispute" 9112:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9079:Flanagan, Thomas (2000). 8759:. Simon Fraser University 8624:. Macmillan. p. 33. 8594:. UBC Press. p. 44. 8299:The Canadian Encyclopedia 8063:Armstrong, F. H. (1985). 7905:Maton, William F (1996). 7854:. Routledge. p. 87. 7439:The Canadian Encyclopedia 7411:. Routledge. p. 60. 7378:Hart-Davis, Adam (2012). 7278:. Statistics Canada. 2009 7190:10.1017/s0145553200016928 7057:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6843:Quinn, David B. (1979) . 6756:Magocsi, Paul R. (2002). 6680:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6535:Wright, Louis B. (2014). 6514:. McFarland. p. 61. 6484:A Brief History of Canada 6122:. Routledge. p. 41. 6006:. Greenwood. p. 82. 5773:. Greenwood. p. 14. 5711:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5565:Brandon, William (2012). 5112:. UBC Press. p. 14. 4592:Canadian military history 4391:to deal with casualties. 4048:1980 referendum in Quebec 4046:. This culminated in the 3798:Canadian prime minister, 3471:. The socialist reformer 3275:headed by Prime Minister 3095:Residential School System 3011:North-West Mounted Police 2865:London Conference of 1866 2731:Juan José Pérez Hernández 2669:great migration of Canada 2642:United Province of Canada 2330:Saint John, New Brunswick 2242:British soldiers and the 2230:Invasion of Quebec (1775) 2164:Quelques arpents de neige 2111:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2069:Canada under British rule 2063:Canada under British rule 2014:Expulsion of the Acadians 1988:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1779:1666 census of New France 1598:Saint John, New Brunswick 932:Complexes in present day 894:Laurentian-related people 671:Newfoundland and Labrador 280:Newfoundland and Labrador 16536:Turks and Caicos Islands 16302:History of North America 12894:August 31, 2018, at the 12864:templates for discussion 12477:Morton, Desmond (1999). 12456:Morton, Desmond (2001). 12360:(Toronto: Pearson, 2012) 11938:. Canada. Archived from 11349:"Statute of Westminster" 11113:"First "Canadian flags"" 10373:faculty.marianopolis.edu 10247:Morton, Desmond (1999). 9993:(92.3 (2018)): 404–428. 9453:Ellis, L. Ethan (1939). 9199:10.18584/iipj.2014.5.3.6 9157:Leslie, John F. (2002). 7907:"The Royal Proclamation" 7626:Irvin, Benjamin (2002). 7599:Dale, Ronald J. (2004). 7357:. ABC-CLIO. p. 38. 7324:Dale, Ronald J. (2004). 5653:. ABC-CLIO. p. 10. 5451:Fagan, Brian M. (1992). 5347:. Garland. p. 682. 5244:. ABC-CLIO. p. 83. 5232:Dixon, E. James (2007). 5092:. ABC-CLIO. p. 20. 4990:. ABC-CLIO. p. 99. 4919:Social history of Canada 4695:Allan Greer argues that 4663:Historiography of Canada 4584:U.S. stabilization force 4288:Progressive Conservative 4133:tended to settle in the 4040:French linguistic rights 3957:Royal Canadian Air Force 3930:United Nations responded 3879:Dominion of Newfoundland 3839:Post-war era (1945–1960) 3785:Allied invasion of Italy 3750:Royal Canadian Air Force 3488:1926 Imperial Conference 3348: 3056:explaining the terms of 2965:Canadian Pacific Railway 2953:Canadian Pacific Railway 2861:Charlottetown Conference 2845:Fathers of Confederation 2737:, the British navigator 1928:Raid on Chignecto (1696) 1885:Mississippi River Valley 1847:along the shores of the 1664:St. John's, Newfoundland 1649:French and Iroquois Wars 1572:monopoly was granted to 1570:North American fur trade 1474:, who in 1524 sponsored 1433:Canada under French rule 1251:or 'first inhabitants'. 1080:, the Erie, and others. 1074:The Iroquois Confederacy 1068:The Five Nations of the 964:Hopewell Exchange System 886:Woodland cultural period 829:By 16,000 years ago the 824:peopling of the Americas 738:its peacekeeping efforts 690:1930 Imperial Conference 15946:North-Western Territory 15921:Queen Charlotte Islands 13453:List of years in Canada 13024:Persons of significance 12848:by Marianopolis College 12723:(1954) 33#1 pp: 12–19. 12511:. Infobase Publishing. 11172:Shalla, Vivian (2006). 10387:"The On-to-Ottawa Trek" 10220:Berton, Pierre (2012). 10150:Berton, Pierre (2012). 10046:The Incredible Canadian 10034:Dawson (1958) ch 14, 15 10024:(48.2 (2018)): 163–190. 9394:"Territorial evolution" 9132:Daschuk, James (2019). 8956:Bumsted, J. M. (1992). 8864:. The Dorchester Review 8757:"Canadian Independence" 8329:McKenzie, Ruth (1976). 7909:. The Solon Law Archive 6845:"Gilbert, Sir Humphrey" 6810:Havard, Gilles (2001). 6637:Bumsted, J. M. (2003). 6467:Encyclopædia Britannica 6400:Short, John R. (2003). 5797:Ecology and Environment 5050:10.1126/science.1153569 4604:development of the F-35 4586:and the NATO-commanded 4249:Canadian Bill of Rights 4158:National Energy Program 4069:, although not without 4052:sovereignty-association 3887:Newfoundland Referendum 3575:Richard Bedford Bennett 3322:Nursing sisters at the 3115:Alaska boundary dispute 2853:Seventy-Two Resolutions 2815:North-Western Territory 2779:North-Western Territory 2727:Pacific Northwest coast 2296:that a separate colony— 2290:evacuated New York City 2129:the entire area of the 2091:Treaty of Fontainebleau 1924:Action of July 14, 1696 1859:From 1670, through the 1843:By the early 1700s the 1653:Great Peace of Montreal 1502:planted a cross in the 1466:French interest in the 1399:João Fernandes Lavrador 1078:St. Lawrence Iroquoians 754:List of years in Canada 707:constitutional monarchy 703:parliamentary democracy 692:and the passing of the 16466:British Virgin Islands 13055:Events of significance 12909:Toronto Public Library 12831:(archived 5 June 2011) 12654:June 12, 2018, at the 12601:June 12, 2018, at the 11490:Canadian Public Policy 11438:. 2005. Archived from 11228:Tushnet, Mark (2009). 11149:. 2007. Archived from 10468:Johnston, Mac (2008). 10416:. Marianopolis College 9958:English, John (1989). 9230:Indigenous Foundations 8755:Heard, Andrew (1990). 8723:Canadian Confederation 8536:McGowan, Mark (2009). 8357:Gwyn, Richard (2008). 8181:Lower, A.R.M. (1958). 8120:Jones, Howard (2002). 8069:. Dundurn. p. 2. 7730:. Wiley. p. 296. 7724:Jobb, Dean W. (2008). 7697:Grenier, John (2008). 7572:Axelrod, Alan (2007). 7545:Reid, John G. (2004). 7491:Grenier, John (2008). 7472:. Hudson's Bay Company 7252:. 2006. Archived from 7178:Social Science History 7052:"Ville-Marie (Colony)" 6319:Rompkey, Bill (2005). 6247:Sauer, Carlo (1975) . 5936:Whitty, Julia (2010). 4924:Orange Order in Canada 4686: 4626: 4606:and has invested over 4515: 4352:On July 11, 1990, the 4341:Under Brian Mulroney, 4338: 4296:Constitution Act, 1982 4268: 4234:Constitution Act, 1982 4227:Constitution of Canada 4223:Constitution Act, 1982 4219:Constitution Act, 1867 4210:Constitution Act, 1982 4199: 4195:Constitution Act, 1982 4186:Printed copies of the 4062: 4044:sovereignty for Quebec 4028:Québécois nationalists 3967: 3911:High Arctic relocation 3893:The foreign policy of 3862: 3819:in order to build the 3803: 3765:Battle of the Atlantic 3746:Canadian Merchant Navy 3722: 3702:Canada in World War II 3682:Statute of Westminster 3666:Statute of Westminster 3652:Social Credit movement 3647: 3556: 3537: 3534:Wasa, British Columbia 3495: 3443: 3384:Paris Peace Conference 3375: 3364:Paris Peace Conference 3327: 3259:, mainly from Quebec, 3193: 3117:, simmering since the 3065: 3037:in 1869 and the later 2998: 2963:Using the lure of the 2960: 2857:1864 Quebec Conference 2848: 2827:Canadian Confederation 2729:, with the voyages of 2722: 2709:, also referred to as 2634:responsible government 2621: 2565:William Lyon Mackenzie 2552: 2447: 2413: 2372: 2369:Shelburne, Nova Scotia 2356: 2353:British North American 2250: 2204: 2196: 2163: 2099:Treaty of Paris (1763) 2094: 2053:Battle of Fort Niagara 2018: 2012:, an event called the 2005: 1992:Father Le Loutre's War 1952:Fortress of Louisbourg 1948:Battle of Hudson's Bay 1912:French and Indian Wars 1907: 1900:Fortress of Louisbourg 1840: 1838:Battle of Hudson's Bay 1815:French and Indian Wars 1738: 1612: 1565: 1528:François Gravé Du Pont 1476:Giovanni da Verrazzano 1463: 1355: 1354:during his 1497 voyage 1299: 1253:Inuit traditional laws 1194:British Columbia Coast 1055:Council of Three Fires 987:eastern woodland areas 951:Middle Woodland period 792: 694:Statute of Westminster 678:responsible government 635:Upper and Lower Canada 565: 44: 16406:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13176:Northwest Territories 13121:Territorial evolution 12806:14#4 (1971): 827–52. 12667:online free to borrow 12452:(Penguin books, 1988) 12293:Further information: 12181:Berger, Carl (1986). 11860:"Preliminary Results" 10700:Barman, Jean (2007). 10602:. Dundurn Press Ltd. 10393:on September 23, 2009 10304:International Journal 9849:10.3138/CHR-049-02-03 8922:Romney, Paul (1999). 8805:The Royal Household. 8681:Barman, Jean (2006). 8561:Barman, Jean (1996). 8413:Greer, Allan (1993). 8090:Landon, Fred (1941). 7297:Powell, John (2009). 7087:Hartz, Louis (1969). 6998:Powell, John (2009). 6984:The History of Canada 6903:Fry, Michael (2001). 6538:The Thirteen Colonies 6322:The Story of Labrador 6119:The Northwest Passage 5086:Wynn, Graeme (2007). 4929:Anti-Quebec sentiment 4681: 4616: 4578:. From 2002 to 2011, 4557:2011 federal election 4553:2008 federal election 4549:2006 federal election 4503: 4320: 4262: 4185: 4150:constitutional change 4060: 3954: 3867:universal health care 3852: 3808:1940 federal election 3797: 3709: 3641: 3584:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3551: 3527: 3481: 3473:J. S. Woodsworth 3432: 3361: 3321: 3295:Further information: 3236:, helped to give the 3230:William George Barker 3226:Canada's Hundred Days 3187: 3051: 3019:Northwest Territories 3017:) to help police the 2981: 2951:Construction for the 2950: 2888:The Dorchester Review 2834: 2704: 2695:Further information: 2616:in 1849. Painting by 2611: 2542: 2529:Further information: 2433: 2408: 2362: 2338: 2241: 2228:Further information: 2147:Appalachian Mountains 2080: 2073:British North America 2055:in 1759, and finally 2010:French and Indian War 2000: 1897: 1828: 1813:Further information: 1771:Company of New France 1743:Roman Catholic Church 1732: 1610: 1556: 1456:St. Lawrence Iroquois 1450: 1427:Portuguese colonizers 1419:João Álvares Fagundes 1395:Treaty of Tordesillas 1339: 1286: 1277:Further information: 1267:Canadian legal system 778: 769:Further information: 667:British North America 554:French and Indian War 547: 290:Northwest Territories 233:Territorial evolution 43: 16045:Population of Canada 15896:Prince Edward Island 13196:Prince Edward Island 12671:Thorner, Thomas ed. 12661:Thorner, Thomas ed. 12423:. Cengage Learning. 11670:. September 16, 2010 11119:. September 24, 2007 10958:on February 20, 2010 10786:on September 4, 2012 10683:Galen Roger Perras, 10575:on December 29, 2009 9987:Agricultural History 9723:on February 25, 2015 9308:10.3138/chr.81.4.616 8995:"The RCMP's History" 8191:on February 13, 2018 8044:on December 15, 2010 7256:on September 4, 2015 7226:on February 25, 2012 7025:Shenwen, Li (2001). 6645:. ABC-CLIO. p. 6083:Wilson, Ian (1996). 5976:on February 21, 2011 5132:Smithsonian Magazine 4608:CA$ 168 million 4567:for the first time. 4561:New Democratic Party 4470:unilateral secession 4347:Free Trade Agreement 4308:Charlottetown Accord 4273:Air India Flight 182 4265:Air India Flight 182 4098:Canadian immigration 3783:in August 1942, the 3777:defence of Hong Kong 3735:North Atlantic Ocean 3606:National Housing Act 3345:of Ontario in 1921. 3279:, the leader of the 3271:leaders joining the 3208:. The highpoints of 3142:abundant wheat crops 3060:to First Nations at 3039:North-West Rebellion 2996:North-West Rebellion 2984:Battle of Fish Creek 2973:Prince Edward Island 2747:maritime fur traders 2519:immigrants to Canada 2484:Charles de Salaberry 2389:Gulf of St. Lawrence 2127:Charles III of Spain 2044:New England Planters 2019:le Grand Dérangement 1898:The port inside the 1861:Hudson's Bay Company 1832:personnel surrender 1830:Hudson's Bay Company 1747:Jesuit establishment 1712:Charles I of England 1658:The English, led by 1586:St. Croix settlement 1486:in hopes of finding 1415:Manuel I of Portugal 1364:Henry VII of England 1145:, which include the 1139:plains Cree language 1112:Algonquian languages 1043:Anishinaabe speakers 853:of this period left 820:Laurentide Ice Sheet 808:Wisconsin glaciation 789:Laurentide Ice Sheet 759:Indigenous societies 305:Prince Edward Island 16421:Trinidad and Tobago 16316:Antigua and Barbuda 15838:Newfoundland (1583) 13111:Population history 13082:Chinese immigration 12630:on November 2, 2007 12448:McNaught, Kenneth. 12104:10.1093/cid/ciaa227 11719:Dyck, Rand (2011). 11209:on November 5, 2009 10757:(online ed.). 10498:Ground Warfare: H-Q 9715:(online ed.). 9606:on January 22, 2008 9545:on February 2, 2016 9463:on November 3, 2004 9434:on October 12, 2007 9366:(online ed.). 9060:on February 6, 2016 8859:"Dominion—A Lament" 8729:. January 9, 2006. 8302:(online ed.). 7959:. Pelican. p. 7442:(online ed.). 7060:(online ed.). 6905:The Scottish Empire 5714:(online ed.). 5032:2008Sci...319.1497G 4623:residential schools 4565:Official Opposition 4413:majority government 4405:official opposition 4290:(PC) government of 4135:major urban centres 4083:Canadian Centennial 4050:on the question of 3779:, the unsuccessful 3712:convoy from Halifax 3686:Commonwealth realms 3333:Military Voters Act 3273:unionist government 3103:Criminal Code, 1892 3035:Red River Rebellion 2763:Alexander MacKenzie 2751:the coastal peoples 2681:Highland Clearances 2375:The signing of the 2255:American Revolution 2169:A few acres of snow 2117:to Spain under the 2115:Louisiana territory 1582:Samuel de Champlain 1558:Samuel de Champlain 1472:Francis I of France 1178:Shuswap (Secwepemc) 1176:groups such as the 1159:Yeniseian languages 1057:in 796 CE with the 785:last glacial period 16356:Dominican Republic 15869:Nova Scotia (1710) 15733:Nova Scotia (1621) 15535:L'Anse aux Meadows 15263:Canadian electoral 14388:Post-Confederation 13469:Prehistory to 1 BC 13460:Pre-Confederation 12804:Historical Journal 12444:. Longmans, Green. 12329:Brown, Craig, ed. 11862:. Elections Canada 11608:(Digital Archives) 11351:. 4. Westminster: 11078:, quote on page 3. 10932:. Nobel Foundation 10907:on October 1, 2009 10818:on August 10, 2011 10454:10.1111/hic3.12611 10367:Bélanger, Claude. 9707:"Women's Suffrage" 9482:Cook, Tim (1999). 9108:"Treaties 1 and 2" 9031:on October 6, 2014 8786:on August 27, 2011 8331:"Ingersoll, Laura" 8237:10.1111/hic3.12334 7434:"Pierre de Troyes" 6962:on October 4, 2012 5685:on August 31, 2011 5624:Aboriginal Affairs 5238:Johansen, Bruce E. 5026:(5869): 1497–502. 4627: 4525:Civil Marriage Act 4516: 4511:Civil Marriage Act 4381:U.S.-led coalition 4377:invasion of Kuwait 4359:began between the 4339: 4321:Mexican President 4271:On June 23, 1985, 4269: 4200: 4162:western alienation 4063: 4018:In the 1960s, the 3974:and his successor 3968: 3883:crown colony ruled 3875:veterans' pensions 3863: 3857:shakes hands with 3804: 3723: 3648: 3557: 3538: 3496: 3494:earlier that year. 3444: 3389:David Lloyd George 3376: 3354:On the world stage 3328: 3281:Conservative party 3194: 3066: 2999: 2961: 2884:British Parliament 2849: 2767:North West Company 2723: 2715:disputed territory 2622: 2557:rebellions of 1837 2553: 2531:Rebellions of 1837 2456:British Royal Navy 2448: 2385:Province of Quebec 2373: 2357: 2347:, 1783. After the 2267:invasion of Quebec 2251: 2095: 2006: 1975:William Pepperrell 1956:Cape Breton Island 1940:Conquest of Acadia 1916:King William's War 1908: 1849:St. Lawrence River 1841: 1783:France's intendant 1739: 1674:. In the reign of 1613: 1566: 1536:St. Lawrence River 1516:Charlesbourg-Royal 1464: 1376:Atlantic provinces 1356: 1315:L'Anse aux Meadows 1305:, who had settled 1300: 1289:L'Anse aux Meadows 1231:, the distinctive 1229:Arctic archipelago 1188:(Carrier) and the 960:Hopewell tradition 947:Hopewell tradition 862:glacial ice sheets 800:Indigenous genetic 793: 744:Indigenous peoples 639:Province of Canada 631:Province of Quebec 629:. The now British 588:Indigenous peoples 566: 45: 16568:History of Canada 16555: 16554: 16549: 16548: 16438:other territories 16268: 16267: 16087: 16086: 16078:Canada portal 15916:Columbia District 15743:Port Royal Colony 15710:Pacific Northwest 15520:Named territories 15470: 15469: 15462:Canada portal 13406: 13405: 13397:Canada portal 12967:18000 BCE–1500 CE 12945:History of Canada 12869:History of Canada 12792:978-0-8020-7676-2 12770:978-0-8020-6826-2 12518:978-1-4381-0822-3 12469:978-0-7710-6509-5 12430:978-0-17-644244-6 12398:978-1-55238-140-3 12377:978-0-7386-7205-2 12358:Canada: A History 12227:978-1-4426-4411-3 12200:978-0-8020-6568-1 11894:978-0-7546-7202-9 11823:978-0-7391-4657-6 11789:978-0-662-46496-9 11762:978-0-7735-7726-8 11732:978-0-17-650343-7 11722:Canadian Politics 11697:on April 26, 2015 11590:978-0-7735-7570-7 11563:978-1-84980-323-6 11536:978-1-55130-371-0 11474:978-1-926645-67-4 11442:on April 13, 2009 11294:978-0-415-09451-1 11241:978-0-691-14320-0 11185:978-1-55130-290-4 11153:on March 31, 2007 11046:978-0-7735-7033-7 10878:978-0-307-53786-7 10713:978-0-8020-9309-7 10670:978-0-17-644244-6 10643:978-0-19-540228-5 10508:978-1-57607-344-5 10481:978-0-470-15698-8 10292:(1976) pp 143–48. 10288:H. Blair Neatby, 10260:978-0-7735-7554-7 10233:978-0-307-37486-8 10193:978-1-894908-01-6 10163:978-0-307-37486-8 10105:978-0-313-25415-4 10072:978-1-4426-9337-1 10048:. pp. 76–78. 9971:978-0-88619-165-8 9944:978-0-7735-0751-7 9876:978-0-8020-8445-3 9816:978-0-8020-6218-5 9751:Historical Papers 9691:978-0-7710-2268-5 9664:978-0-7748-0653-4 9581:978-1-84734-681-0 9504:on March 27, 2009 9424:"Canada: History" 9404:on August 9, 2007 9342:978-0-8203-2403-6 8975:978-0-1954-0914-7 8935:978-0-8020-8105-6 8694:978-0-8020-7185-9 8659:on April 24, 2010 8631:978-0-7581-8813-7 8601:978-0-7748-5827-4 8574:978-0-8020-7185-9 8547:978-2-89646-129-5 8499:Lucas, Robert Jr. 8484:978-0-17-644244-6 8432:978-0-8020-6930-6 8370:978-0-679-31476-9 8278:978-0-8203-2403-6 8209:Michel Ducharme, 8167:978-0-8032-4817-5 8133:978-0-8420-2916-2 8101:978-0-7710-9734-8 8076:978-0-919670-92-1 8018:. Smuggling.co.uk 8001:978-1-55109-060-3 7970:978-0-14-021083-5 7888:978-0-8020-2495-4 7861:978-1-317-81335-4 7834:978-1-55002-189-9 7794:978-2-89448-066-3 7764:978-2-89448-066-3 7737:978-0-470-15772-5 7710:978-0-8061-3876-3 7676:978-1-55109-060-3 7645:978-0-19-513225-0 7612:978-1-55028-840-7 7585:978-0-7624-2769-7 7558:978-0-8020-8538-2 7531:978-1-55365-209-0 7504:978-0-8061-3876-3 7418:978-0-415-06347-0 7391:978-0-7566-9858-4 7364:978-1-59884-621-8 7337:978-1-55028-840-7 7310:978-1-4381-1012-7 7157:978-1-4616-3960-2 7130:978-0-8032-2549-7 7100:978-0-547-97109-4 7036:978-2-7475-1123-0 7011:978-1-4381-1012-7 6941:978-1-84383-859-3 6914:978-1-84158-259-7 6886:978-1-58465-427-8 6829:978-0-7735-6934-8 6796:978-1-58218-749-5 6769:978-0-8020-8469-9 6742:978-0-321-27008-5 6711:978-0-8018-5986-1 6656:978-1-57607-672-9 6623:978-0-8020-8196-4 6596:978-0-7735-7256-0 6548:978-1-61230-811-1 6521:978-0-7864-6221-6 6494:978-1-4381-0822-3 6440:978-0-7591-0661-1 6413:978-1-55297-811-5 6386:978-0-7735-7256-0 6332:978-0-7735-7121-1 6305:978-0-87471-765-5 6260:978-0-520-02777-0 6233:978-0-7425-1189-7 6206:978-0-8166-0782-2 6129:978-1-135-97006-2 6102:978-1-55081-131-5 6069:978-1-57607-422-0 6040:978-9979-9922-1-9 6013:978-0-313-33184-8 5955:978-0-547-48707-6 5922:978-3-11-013417-9 5890:on March 14, 2010 5807:978-0-313-32733-9 5780:978-0-313-30880-2 5660:978-1-85109-818-7 5605:978-0-7735-6589-0 5578:978-1-57098-453-2 5551:978-0-17-644244-6 5524:978-0-7735-3754-5 5497:978-1-4390-8535-6 5470:978-0-321-01457-3 5432:on April 12, 2010 5411:978-0-521-42544-5 5381:978-0-674-44075-3 5354:978-0-8153-0725-9 5305:978-0-7748-0535-3 5278:978-0-19-802511-5 5251:978-1-85109-818-7 5210:on April 24, 2011 5165:978-0-87480-786-8 5119:978-0-7748-2104-9 5099:978-1-85109-437-0 4997:978-1-85109-930-6 4651:COVID-19 pandemic 4537:Canadian Alliance 4530:same-sex marriage 4407:. Prime Minister 4327:George H. W. Bush 4325:, U.S. President 4300:Meech Lake Accord 4277:Canadian citizens 4093:until that time. 4091:world expositions 3972:Louis St. Laurent 3946:Nobel Peace Prize 3942:Lester B. Pearson 3919:Cornwallis Island 3855:Louis St. Laurent 3769:Leonard W. Murray 3660:On-to-Ottawa Trek 3614:crown corporation 3455:In 1921 to 1926, 3246:Halifax Explosion 3003:John A. Macdonald 2990:victory over the 2943:Numbered Treaties 2810:Stikine Territory 2771:Bella Coola River 2713:. The region was 2707:Columbia District 2679:displaced by the 2671:. These included 2667:, as part of the 2602:Patriote movement 2545:Patriote movement 2499:Rush–Bagot Treaty 2497:of 1814, and the 2341:loyalist migrants 2288:When the British 2283:Siege of Yorktown 2214:Quebec Civil Code 2135:Mississippi River 2057:captured Montreal 1984:Edward Cornwallis 1971:King George's War 1963:Father Rale's War 1944:Treaty of Utrecht 1932:Treaty of Ryswick 1854:Thirteen Colonies 1781:was conducted by 1710:. In 1631, under 1700:William Alexander 1635:to the centre of 1604:gets their name. 1524:Tadoussac, Quebec 1454:meeting with the 1411:Portuguese Empire 1388:Northwest Passage 1214:western red cedar 1212:dependent on the 1174:Salishan language 1143:Na-Dene languages 1114:in North America. 1098:in North America. 1096:Na-Dene languages 1002:to what is today 936:and southwestern 669:, finishing with 643:Act of Union 1840 633:was divided into 592:European arrivals 572:history of Canada 556:over the fate of 540: 539: 504:Canada portal 33:History of Canada 16575: 16506:Saint Barthélemy 16436:Dependencies and 16309:Sovereign states 16295: 16288: 16281: 16272: 16271: 16114: 16107: 16100: 16091: 16090: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16062: 16061: 16014:Sverdrup Islands 16010: 15962: 15926:Vancouver Island 15834: 15806: 15783: 15762: 15739: 15729: 15701: 15687: 15677: 15610: 15554: 15531: 15521: 15497: 15490: 15483: 15474: 15473: 15460: 15459: 15458: 15447: 15446: 13446: 13439: 13432: 13423: 13422: 13410: 13409: 13395: 13394: 13393: 13381: 13380: 13332:Name etymologies 13212:Name etymologies 13151:British Columbia 13066:Heritage Minutes 12938: 12931: 12924: 12915: 12914: 12840:Canadian Studies 12796: 12774: 12740:Muise D. A. ed. 12665:(2nd ed. 2003) 12639: 12637: 12635: 12615: 12522: 12494: 12473: 12445: 12434: 12402: 12381: 12276: 12275: 12267: 12261: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12245: 12241: 12239: 12231: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12188: 12178: 12172: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12149:. June 23, 2022 12133: 12127: 12126: 12116: 12106: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12028: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12017: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11988: 11986: 11980: 11972: 11966: 11965: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11942:on July 19, 2010 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11878: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11856: 11850: 11849: 11847: 11845: 11834: 11828: 11827: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11781: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11746: 11737: 11736: 11716: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11656: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11640:on March 6, 2014 11630: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11609: 11605:"The Oka Crisis" 11601: 11595: 11594: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11547: 11541: 11540: 11520: 11514: 11513: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11426: 11420: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11400: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11380: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11341: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11319: 11313: 11312: 11305: 11299: 11298: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11267: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11225: 11219: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11199: 11190: 11189: 11169: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11088: 11079: 11077: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11003: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10984:on July 16, 2012 10974: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10926: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10885: 10862: 10856: 10853: 10847: 10846: 10834: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10817: 10810: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10759:Historica Canada 10744: 10738: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10697: 10691: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10631: 10621: 10615: 10613: 10601: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10574: 10567: 10559: 10553: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10369:"Quebec History" 10364: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10348:on June 11, 2011 10344:. Archived from 10334: 10328: 10327: 10316:10.2307/40202349 10299: 10293: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10217: 10211: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10178:Blair Neatby, H. 10174: 10168: 10167: 10147: 10141: 10134: 10128: 10127: 10119: 10110: 10109: 10093: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10041: 10035: 10032: 10026: 10025: 10017: 10011: 10010: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9932: 9922: 9916: 9915: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9894: 9890: 9888: 9880: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9808: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9775: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764:10.7202/030750ar 9748: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9719:. Archived from 9717:Historica Canada 9702: 9696: 9695: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9632:on June 10, 2010 9622: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9602:. Archived from 9600:Historica Canada 9592: 9586: 9585: 9564: 9555: 9554: 9552: 9550: 9544: 9529: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9503: 9488: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9428:Country Profiles 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9368:Historica Canada 9353: 9347: 9346: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9201: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9017: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9006: 9001:on March 2, 2010 8991: 8980: 8979: 8963: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8863: 8854: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8838:on June 17, 2011 8828: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8752: 8739: 8738: 8715: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8678: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8616:Ormsby, Margaret 8612: 8606: 8605: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8516: 8514: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8446: 8437: 8436: 8420: 8410: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8354: 8345: 8344: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8304:Historica Canada 8289: 8283: 8282: 8266: 8256: 8241: 8240: 8220: 8214: 8207: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8151: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8117: 8106: 8105: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8012: 8006: 8005: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7950: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7925: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7822: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7778: 7769: 7768: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7633: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7444:Historica Canada 7429: 7423: 7422: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7173: 7162: 7161: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7062:Historica Canada 7047: 7041: 7040: 7022: 7016: 7015: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6900: 6891: 6890: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6817: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6685:Historica Canada 6670: 6661: 6660: 6644: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6580: 6571: 6570: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6459: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6278: 6274: 6272: 6264: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6147: 6143: 6141: 6133: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6090: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6024: 6018: 6017: 5995: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5943: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5880: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5850: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5819: 5811: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5716:Historica Canada 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5679:Anishinaabe Arcs 5671: 5665: 5664: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5458: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5395: 5386: 5385: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5317: 5309: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5177: 5169: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5123: 5103: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5043: 5017: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4979: 4957:Heritage Minutes 4869: 4768:History by topic 4740:Canadian studies 4729: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4644:Multiculturalism 4610:in the program. 4609: 4597: 4446: 4445: 4434: 4312:distinct society 4020:Quiet Revolution 3976:John Diefenbaker 3871:old-age pensions 3696:Second World War 3554:Great Depression 3542:Great Depression 3514:Great Depression 3508:King–Byng affair 3500:Governor General 3492:King-Byng affair 3451:Domestic affairs 3412:Norman Robertson 3366:, surrounded by 3313:women's suffrage 3291:Women's suffrage 3212:came during the 3076:aboriginal title 2992:Canadian Militia 2895:English-Canadian 2882:(enacted by the 2808:in 1858 and the 2775:George Vancouver 2735:Vancouver Island 2691:Pacific colonies 2652:in Montreal was 2440:James FitzGibbon 2351:, the remaining 2275:Battle of Quebec 2271:Continental Army 2248:Battle of Quebec 2244:Canadian militia 2210:French civil law 2207: 2201: 2192:western frontier 2166: 2103:Seven Years' War 2083:Seven Years' War 2021: 1936:Queen Anne's War 1910:There were four 1735:northern America 1704:Anglo-French War 1660:Humphrey Gilbert 1602:Saint John River 1423:Pero de Barcelos 1413:. In 1506, King 1297: 1294: 1273:European contact 1210:complex cultures 1172:was home to the 1161:of Siberia. The 1155:British Columbia 1107: 1091: 980:Laurel complexes 934:southern Ontario 929: 915:northern Ontario 907: 890:Maritime regions 879:Maritime Archaic 851:hunter-gatherers 734:internationalism 726:Second World War 718:Canadian culture 627:Seven Years' War 598:investigations. 568: 567: 541: 532: 525: 518: 502: 501: 500: 443:Name etymologies 265:British Columbia 115: 77:Pre-colonization 20: 19: 16583: 16582: 16578: 16577: 16576: 16574: 16573: 16572: 16558: 16557: 16556: 16551: 16550: 16545: 16439: 16437: 16430: 16304: 16299: 16269: 16264: 16126: 16118: 16088: 16083: 16072: 16070: 16049: 16018: 16008: 15995: 15961:Important sites 15960: 15832: 15823: 15814: 15804: 15791: 15781: 15770: 15766:Russian America 15760: 15747: 15737: 15727: 15714: 15699: 15691:Fort San Miguel 15686:Important sites 15685: 15675: 15662: 15618:Annapolis Royal 15609:Important sites 15608: 15552: 15539: 15529: 15519: 15506: 15501: 15471: 15466: 15456: 15454: 15434: 15413: 15377: 15264: 15257: 15186: 14389: 14383: 13462:Prehistory–1866 13461: 13455: 13450: 13415: 13407: 13402: 13391: 13389: 13368: 13337: 13217: 13138:and territories 13137: 13130: 13006: 12955: 12947: 12942: 12896:Wayback Machine 12867: 12818: 12813: 12793: 12771: 12708: 12697: 12675:(2nd ed 2003) 12656:Wayback Machine 12633: 12631: 12603:Wayback Machine 12584:(1966), 390pp 12571: 12537: 12519: 12491: 12470: 12431: 12399: 12378: 12323:(2014), 1120pp 12319:Black, Conrad. 12314:Wayback Machine 12297: 12291: 12285: 12283:Further reading 12280: 12279: 12268: 12264: 12259: 12255: 12243: 12242: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12212: 12208: 12201: 12179: 12175: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12135: 12134: 12130: 12086: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12065: 12064: 12060: 12029: 12025: 12015: 12013: 12001: 11997: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11928: 11924: 11914: 11912: 11907: 11906: 11902: 11895: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11858: 11857: 11853: 11843: 11841: 11836: 11835: 11831: 11824: 11808: 11804: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11779: 11775: 11774: 11770: 11763: 11747: 11740: 11733: 11717: 11710: 11700: 11698: 11687: 11683: 11673: 11671: 11658: 11657: 11653: 11643: 11641: 11632: 11631: 11627: 11617: 11615: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11598: 11591: 11575: 11571: 11564: 11548: 11544: 11537: 11521: 11517: 11502:10.2307/3549850 11486: 11482: 11475: 11459: 11455: 11445: 11443: 11428: 11427: 11423: 11413: 11411: 11402: 11401: 11397: 11387: 11385: 11378: 11372: 11368: 11358: 11356: 11342: 11338: 11328: 11326: 11321: 11320: 11316: 11307: 11306: 11302: 11295: 11279: 11275: 11265: 11263: 11253: 11249: 11242: 11226: 11222: 11212: 11210: 11201: 11200: 11193: 11186: 11170: 11166: 11156: 11154: 11137: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11082: 11074: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11031: 11027: 11020: 11004: 10997: 10987: 10985: 10976: 10975: 10971: 10961: 10959: 10950: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10933: 10928: 10927: 10920: 10910: 10908: 10897: 10893: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10863: 10859: 10854: 10850: 10835: 10831: 10821: 10819: 10815: 10808: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10789: 10787: 10778: 10777: 10773: 10763: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10698: 10694: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10655: 10651: 10644: 10622: 10618: 10614:chapters 4, 6–9 10610: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10572: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10556: 10552:(1970) pp 17–31 10547: 10543: 10533: 10531: 10530:on May 28, 2012 10520: 10516: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10482: 10466: 10462: 10447:(18#4 (2020)). 10441:History Compass 10433: 10429: 10419: 10417: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10365: 10361: 10351: 10349: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10300: 10296: 10287: 10283: 10272: 10268: 10261: 10245: 10241: 10234: 10218: 10214: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10175: 10171: 10164: 10148: 10144: 10135: 10131: 10120: 10113: 10106: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10042: 10038: 10033: 10029: 10018: 10014: 9983: 9979: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9945: 9923: 9919: 9908: 9904: 9892: 9891: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9799: 9795: 9784:Alberta History 9776: 9772: 9746: 9740: 9736: 9726: 9724: 9703: 9699: 9692: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9607: 9594: 9593: 9589: 9582: 9565: 9558: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9527: 9521: 9517: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9486: 9480: 9476: 9466: 9464: 9451: 9447: 9437: 9435: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9398:Atlas of Canada 9392: 9391: 9387: 9377: 9375: 9354: 9350: 9343: 9327: 9323: 9292: 9288: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9224: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9178: 9174: 9155: 9151: 9144: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9077: 9073: 9063: 9061: 9048: 9044: 9034: 9032: 9019: 9018: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8983: 8976: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8920: 8916: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8857:Bowden, J.W.J. 8855: 8851: 8841: 8839: 8830: 8829: 8825: 8815: 8813: 8811:Queen's Printer 8803: 8799: 8789: 8787: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8753: 8742: 8717: 8716: 8709: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8679: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8651: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8586: 8582: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8534: 8530: 8512: 8510: 8509:on May 16, 2008 8496: 8492: 8485: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8448: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8411: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8371: 8355: 8348: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8311: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8257: 8244: 8225:History Compass 8221: 8217: 8208: 8204: 8194: 8192: 8179: 8175: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8118: 8109: 8102: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8036: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8002: 7982: 7978: 7971: 7951: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7922: 7912: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7889: 7873: 7869: 7862: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7749: 7745: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7711: 7695: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7586: 7570: 7566: 7559: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7516: 7512: 7505: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7174: 7165: 7158: 7142: 7138: 7131: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7048: 7044: 7037: 7023: 7019: 7012: 6996: 6992: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6873: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6781: 6777: 6770: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6696: 6692: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6635: 6631: 6624: 6608: 6604: 6597: 6581: 6574: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6452: 6448: 6441: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6292: 6288: 6276: 6275: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6191: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6161: 6157: 6145: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6014: 5996: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5893: 5891: 5882: 5881: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5848: 5842: 5835: 5823: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5742:Akwesasne Notes 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5396: 5389: 5382: 5366: 5362: 5355: 5337: 5333: 5321: 5320: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5230: 5226: 5213: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5181: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5124: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5041:10.1.1.398.9315 5015: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4780: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4665: 4659: 4607: 4595: 4582:as part of the 4506:Parliament Hill 4490: 4484: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4180: 4174: 4067:maple leaf flag 4036:Parti Québécois 4016: 4010: 3936:by convening a 3853:Prime Minister 3847: 3841: 3754:Royal Air Force 3737:against German 3704: 3698: 3690:Canada Act 1982 3674: 3668: 3588:Bennett Buggies 3522: 3516: 3482:Prime Minister 3453: 3440:smuggle alcohol 3356: 3351: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3198:Canadian Forces 3182: 3176: 3174:First World War 3171: 3165: 3119:Alaska Purchase 3108:Wilfrid Laurier 3041:in 1885 led by 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2907:Reform movement 2839:1884 painting, 2829: 2823: 2699: 2693: 2661:Napoleonic Wars 2543:Leaders of the 2537: 2527: 2495:Treaty of Ghent 2476:his confederacy 2464:western Ontario 2428: 2422: 2377:Treaty of Paris 2367:wood cutter in 2236: 2226: 2151:Rocky Mountains 2087:Treaty of Paris 2075: 2067:Main articles: 2065: 2038:, creating the 1867:, establishing 1823: 1817: 1811: 1696:Scottish colony 1578:St. Croix River 1504:Gaspé Peninsula 1500:Jacques Cartier 1452:Jacques Cartier 1445: 1437:Main articles: 1435: 1384:Sebastian Cabot 1295: 1281: 1275: 1245:Inuit mythology 1119: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1092: 972:Point Peninsula 956: 955: 954: 953: 942: 941: 940: 930: 922: 921: 913:in present day 908: 866:Archaic periods 804:humans migrated 773: 767: 761: 756: 746: 730:multilateralism 623:Treaty of Paris 621:in 1763 at the 542: 536: 498: 496: 489: 488: 459: 451: 450: 449: 448: 335: 325: 324: 255: 245: 244: 183:Former colonies 158: 148: 147: 128: 120: 119: 113: 72: 57: 56: 18: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16581: 16571: 16570: 16553: 16552: 16547: 16546: 16544: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16528: 16526:Sint Eustatius 16523: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16471:Cayman Islands 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16442: 16440: 16435: 16432: 16431: 16429: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16312: 16310: 16306: 16305: 16298: 16297: 16290: 16283: 16275: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16131: 16128: 16127: 16117: 16116: 16109: 16102: 16094: 16085: 16084: 16082: 16081: 16067: 16054: 16051: 16050: 16048: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16026: 16024: 16020: 16019: 16017: 16016: 16011: 16005: 16003: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15829: 15827: 15816: 15815: 15813: 15812: 15807: 15801: 15799: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15789: 15787:Oregon Country 15784: 15778: 15776: 15772: 15771: 15769: 15768: 15763: 15757: 15755: 15749: 15748: 15746: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15724: 15722: 15716: 15715: 15713: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15672: 15670: 15664: 15663: 15661: 15660: 15653: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15629:Trois-Rivières 15626: 15621: 15611: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15602: 15597: 15595:Pays d'en Haut 15592: 15587: 15585:Domaine du roy 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15555: 15549: 15547: 15541: 15540: 15538: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15516: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15500: 15499: 15492: 15485: 15477: 15468: 15467: 15465: 15464: 15452: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15432: 15430:Historiography 15427: 15421: 15419: 15415: 15414: 15412: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15385: 15383: 15379: 15378: 15376: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15269: 15267: 15259: 15258: 15256: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15194: 15192: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14393: 14391: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14316: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13474:1st millennium 13471: 13465: 13463: 13457: 13456: 13449: 13448: 13441: 13434: 13426: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13400: 13386: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13354:Historiography 13351: 13345: 13343: 13339: 13338: 13336: 13335: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13227: 13225: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13215: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13142: 13140: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13096: 13086: 13085: 13084: 13074: 13072:Historic Sites 13069: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13030:Constitutional 13027: 13016: 13014: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12963: 12961: 12949: 12948: 12941: 12940: 12933: 12926: 12918: 12912: 12911: 12902: 12886: 12881: 12875: 12849: 12843: 12837: 12832: 12826: 12817: 12816:External links 12814: 12812: 12811: 12800: 12799: 12798: 12791: 12769: 12754: 12753: 12752: 12738: 12727: 12717: 12712:Berger, Carl. 12709: 12704:Main article: 12702: 12701: 12700:Historiography 12696: 12695: 12681: 12680: 12679: 12659: 12641: 12617: 12605: 12594:(1964) 508pp 12588: 12580:Bliss, J.W.M. 12577: 12576: 12575: 12570: 12569: 12568:(7th ed. 2006) 12562: 12561:(2nd ed. 2008) 12551: 12543: 12542: 12541: 12536: 12535: 12523: 12517: 12502: 12501:(4th ed. 2007) 12495: 12489: 12474: 12468: 12453: 12446: 12435: 12429: 12414: 12403: 12397: 12382: 12376: 12361: 12354: 12345: 12336:Bumsted, J.M. 12334: 12327: 12317: 12298: 12287:Main article: 12284: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12262: 12253: 12226: 12206: 12199: 12173: 12160: 12128: 12080: 12058: 12023: 11995: 11967: 11953: 11922: 11900: 11893: 11873: 11851: 11829: 11822: 11802: 11788: 11768: 11761: 11738: 11731: 11708: 11681: 11660:"Kim Campbell" 11651: 11625: 11596: 11589: 11569: 11562: 11542: 11535: 11515: 11480: 11473: 11453: 11421: 11395: 11366: 11353:King's Printer 11336: 11314: 11300: 11293: 11273: 11247: 11240: 11220: 11191: 11184: 11164: 11130: 11104: 11080: 11072: 11052: 11045: 11025: 11018: 10995: 10969: 10943: 10918: 10891: 10877: 10857: 10848: 10829: 10797: 10771: 10739: 10737:(1981) pg. 23. 10726: 10712: 10692: 10689:online edition 10676: 10669: 10649: 10642: 10616: 10608: 10586: 10554: 10548:C. P. Stacey, 10541: 10514: 10507: 10487: 10480: 10460: 10427: 10404: 10378: 10359: 10342:Bank of Canada 10329: 10294: 10281: 10266: 10259: 10239: 10232: 10212: 10199: 10192: 10169: 10162: 10142: 10129: 10111: 10104: 10078: 10071: 10051: 10036: 10027: 10012: 9977: 9970: 9950: 9943: 9917: 9902: 9875: 9855: 9822: 9815: 9793: 9770: 9734: 9697: 9690: 9670: 9663: 9643: 9617: 9587: 9580: 9568:The War Office 9556: 9515: 9474: 9445: 9415: 9385: 9348: 9341: 9321: 9302:(4): 616–678. 9286: 9270: 9243: 9217: 9172: 9149: 9142: 9124: 9098: 9091: 9071: 9042: 9012: 8981: 8974: 8948: 8934: 8914: 8895:(4): 357–371. 8875: 8849: 8823: 8797: 8770: 8740: 8719:"Introduction" 8707: 8693: 8670: 8644: 8630: 8607: 8600: 8580: 8573: 8553: 8546: 8528: 8490: 8483: 8463: 8438: 8431: 8402: 8376: 8369: 8346: 8321: 8284: 8277: 8242: 8231:(9): 407–429. 8215: 8202: 8173: 8166: 8146: 8132: 8107: 8100: 8082: 8075: 8055: 8029: 8007: 8000: 7976: 7969: 7942: 7920: 7894: 7887: 7867: 7860: 7840: 7833: 7807: 7793: 7770: 7763: 7743: 7736: 7716: 7709: 7689: 7675: 7651: 7644: 7618: 7611: 7591: 7584: 7564: 7557: 7537: 7530: 7510: 7503: 7483: 7461: 7424: 7417: 7397: 7390: 7370: 7363: 7343: 7336: 7316: 7309: 7289: 7267: 7237: 7211: 7184:(4): 577–592. 7163: 7156: 7136: 7129: 7106: 7099: 7079: 7042: 7035: 7017: 7010: 6990: 6973: 6947: 6940: 6920: 6913: 6892: 6885: 6867: 6835: 6828: 6802: 6795: 6775: 6768: 6748: 6741: 6717: 6710: 6690: 6662: 6655: 6629: 6622: 6602: 6595: 6572: 6554: 6547: 6527: 6520: 6500: 6493: 6473: 6462:Chisholm, Hugh 6457:"Canada" 6446: 6439: 6419: 6412: 6392: 6385: 6365: 6338: 6331: 6311: 6304: 6286: 6259: 6239: 6232: 6212: 6205: 6182: 6155: 6128: 6108: 6101: 6075: 6068: 6046: 6039: 6019: 6012: 5987: 5961: 5954: 5928: 5921: 5901: 5870: 5833: 5806: 5786: 5779: 5759: 5744:. New Series. 5728: 5696: 5666: 5659: 5637: 5611: 5604: 5584: 5577: 5557: 5550: 5530: 5523: 5503: 5496: 5476: 5469: 5461:Harper Collins 5443: 5417: 5410: 5387: 5380: 5360: 5353: 5331: 5304: 5284: 5277: 5257: 5250: 5224: 5200:"Introduction" 5191: 5164: 5144: 5118: 5098: 5078: 5003: 4996: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4871: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4677: 4676: 4661:Main article: 4658: 4657:Historiography 4655: 4638:Justin Trudeau 4545:Stephen Harper 4486:Main article: 4483: 4480: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4421:2000 elections 4401:Bloc Québécois 4389:field hospital 4331:Brian Mulroney 4323:Carlos Salinas 4304:Bloc Québécois 4292:Brian Mulroney 4244:bill of rights 4176:Main article: 4173: 4170: 4142:Pierre Trudeau 4032:October Crisis 4012:Main article: 4009: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3843:Main article: 3840: 3837: 3821:Alaska Highway 3800:Mackenzie King 3700:Main article: 3697: 3694: 3676:Following the 3670:Main article: 3667: 3664: 3626:Bank of Canada 3570:Mackenzie King 3518:Main article: 3515: 3512: 3486:(left) at the 3461:Arthur Meighen 3452: 3449: 3420:Lester Pearson 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3343:Agnes Macphail 3292: 3289: 3178:Main article: 3175: 3172: 3167:Main article: 3164: 3161: 3062:Fort Vermilion 3009:) created the 2986:in 1885 was a 2929:Main article: 2926: 2923: 2837:Robert Harris' 2835:1885 photo of 2825:Main article: 2822: 2819: 2711:Oregon Country 2692: 2689: 2685:Irish Catholic 2677:Highland Scots 2644:, by the 1840 2526: 2523: 2424:Main article: 2421: 2418: 2365:Black Loyalist 2294:St. John River 2259:American cause 2225: 2222: 2216:) in the UK's 2143:Gulf of Mexico 2131:drainage basin 2121:in which King 2064: 2061: 2024:Saint-Domingue 2003:Great Upheaval 1982:in 1749 under 1810: 1807: 1765:. In 1663 the 1724:Trois-Rivières 1716:Treaty of Suza 1668:English colony 1662:, had claimed 1629:Lake Nipissing 1621:Lake Champlain 1564:guides in 1603 1532:Atlantic coast 1512:Lachine Rapids 1434: 1431: 1380:Cape Bonavista 1366:, the Italian 1360:letters patent 1352:Cape Bonavista 1296: 1000 CE 1274: 1271: 1237:Dorset peoples 1206:Nuu-chah-nulth 1109: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1086: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1082: 944: 943: 931: 924: 923: 911:Laurel complex 909: 902: 901: 900: 899: 898: 843:Bluefish Caves 839:Old Crow Flats 763:Main article: 760: 757: 745: 742: 538: 537: 535: 534: 527: 520: 512: 509: 508: 507: 506: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 476: 471: 469:Historiography 466: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 447: 446: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 338: 337: 336: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 256: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 242: 236: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 173:Constitutional 170: 165: 159: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 145: 140: 135: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 117: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 73: 63: 62: 59: 58: 46: 36: 35: 29: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16580: 16569: 16566: 16565: 16563: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16443: 16441: 16433: 16427: 16426:United States 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16313: 16311: 16307: 16303: 16296: 16291: 16289: 16284: 16282: 16277: 16276: 16273: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16132: 16129: 16125: 16124: 16115: 16110: 16108: 16103: 16101: 16096: 16095: 16092: 16080: 16079: 16068: 16066: 16065: 16056: 16055: 16052: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16027: 16025: 16021: 16015: 16012: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16002: 15998: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15971:Avalon (1620) 15969: 15967: 15964: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15951: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15911:New Caledonia 15909: 15907: 15906:United Canada 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15891:New Brunswick 15889: 15887: 15884: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15864:Rupert's Land 15862: 15860: 15859:New Yorkshire 15857: 15855: 15852: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15826: 15821: 15817: 15811: 15808: 15803: 15802: 15800: 15798: 15794: 15788: 15785: 15780: 15779: 15777: 15773: 15767: 15764: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15754: 15750: 15744: 15741: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15726: 15725: 15723: 15721: 15717: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15698: 15696: 15692: 15689: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15674: 15673: 15671: 15669: 15665: 15659: 15658: 15657:List of forts 15654: 15652: 15651: 15650:List of towns 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15619: 15615: 15612: 15607: 15606: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15561: 15560: 15556: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15546: 15542: 15536: 15533: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15518: 15517: 15515: 15513: 15509: 15505: 15498: 15493: 15491: 15486: 15484: 15479: 15478: 15475: 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13239: 13237: 13236:Charlottetown 13234: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13220: 13213: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13166:New Brunswick 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13133: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13091: 13090: 13087: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13067: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13025: 13021: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013: 13009: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12939: 12934: 12932: 12927: 12925: 12920: 12919: 12916: 12910: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12870: 12865: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12847: 12844: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12824: 12820: 12819: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12794: 12788: 12784: 12783: 12777: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12762: 12761: 12755: 12750: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12715: 12711: 12710: 12707: 12699: 12698: 12694: 12693:0-660-11259-0 12690: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12669: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12629: 12625: 12624: 12618: 12613: 12612: 12606: 12604: 12600: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12572: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12550:(2 vol. 2011) 12549: 12545: 12544: 12539: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12527: 12526:Stacey, C. P. 12524: 12520: 12514: 12510: 12509: 12503: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12490:9780771065149 12486: 12482: 12481: 12475: 12471: 12465: 12461: 12460: 12454: 12451: 12447: 12443: 12442: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12422: 12421: 12415: 12412: 12411:online review 12408: 12404: 12400: 12394: 12390: 12389: 12383: 12379: 12373: 12369: 12368: 12362: 12359: 12355: 12353: 12349: 12346: 12343: 12339: 12335: 12332: 12328: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12311: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12299: 12296: 12290: 12273: 12266: 12257: 12249: 12237: 12229: 12223: 12219: 12218: 12210: 12202: 12196: 12192: 12187: 12186: 12177: 12171:(1982), p.40. 12170: 12164: 12148: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12132: 12124: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12084: 12068: 12062: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12027: 12012: 12011: 12006: 11999: 11992: 11977: 11971: 11963: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11936:Vancouver Sun 11933: 11926: 11910: 11904: 11896: 11890: 11886: 11885: 11877: 11861: 11855: 11839: 11833: 11825: 11819: 11815: 11814: 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8971: 8967: 8962: 8961: 8952: 8937: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8918: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8879: 8860: 8853: 8837: 8833: 8827: 8812: 8808: 8801: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8758: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8714: 8712: 8696: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8677: 8675: 8658: 8654: 8653:"Our History" 8648: 8633: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8611: 8603: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8584: 8576: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8549: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8523: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8486: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8467: 8451: 8445: 8443: 8434: 8428: 8424: 8419: 8418: 8409: 8407: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8372: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8353: 8351: 8342: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8325: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8288: 8280: 8274: 8270: 8265: 8264: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8206: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8177: 8169: 8163: 8159: 8158: 8150: 8139:September 17, 8135: 8129: 8125: 8124: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8078: 8072: 8068: 8067: 8059: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8017: 8011: 8003: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7988: 7980: 7972: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7949: 7947: 7930: 7924: 7908: 7901: 7899: 7890: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7871: 7863: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7844: 7836: 7830: 7826: 7821: 7820: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7777: 7775: 7766: 7760: 7756: 7755: 7747: 7739: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7720: 7712: 7706: 7702: 7701: 7693: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7655: 7647: 7641: 7637: 7632: 7631: 7622: 7614: 7608: 7604: 7603: 7595: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7576: 7568: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7541: 7533: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7514: 7506: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7487: 7471: 7465: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7420: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7401: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7374: 7366: 7360: 7356: 7355: 7347: 7339: 7333: 7329: 7328: 7320: 7312: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7293: 7277: 7271: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7159: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7140: 7132: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7113: 7111: 7102: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7083: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7038: 7032: 7028: 7021: 7013: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6994: 6986: 6985: 6977: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6943: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6924: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6899: 6897: 6888: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6860:September 10, 6856: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6839: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6816: 6815: 6806: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6779: 6771: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6721: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6669: 6667: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6633: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6579: 6577: 6568: 6567:National Post 6565: 6558: 6550: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6531: 6523: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6504: 6496: 6490: 6486: 6485: 6477: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6450: 6442: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6423: 6415: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6334: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6315: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6282: 6270: 6262: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6243: 6235: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6216: 6208: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6189: 6187: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6139: 6131: 6125: 6121: 6120: 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5101: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5082: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4974: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4767: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4727:Canada portal 4717: 4707: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4600:F-35 fighters 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4458: 4433: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4409:Jean Chrétien 4406: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4361:Mohawk people 4358: 4355: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4266: 4263:Memorial for 4261: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4184: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4059: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4005: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3960:CIM-10 Bomarc 3958: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3928:In 1956, the 3926: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3773:Canadian army 3770: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3719: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3599:1935 election 3595: 3593: 3592:1935 election 3589: 3585: 3582:of President 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3563: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3465:Thomas Crerar 3462: 3458: 3448: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Chanak crisis 3400: 3398: 3395:, Australia, 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3380:Robert Borden 3373: 3372:George Foster 3369: 3365: 3360: 3346: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3277:Robert Borden 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265:Liberal party 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222:Passchendaele 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192:began in 1914 3191: 3186: 3181: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153:Robert Borden 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2957:Fraser Valley 2955:at the lower 2954: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2821:Confederation 2818: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798:Fort Victoria 2795: 2790: 2788: 2787:New Caledonia 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759:Nootka Crisis 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2720: 2719:Oregon Treaty 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665:British Isles 2662: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2650:United Canada 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630:Durham Report 2627: 2619: 2618:Joseph Légaré 2615: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589:Robert Nelson 2586: 2582: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2535:Durham Report 2532: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2515:republicanism 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2345:New Brunswick 2342: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320:(present-day 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310:French Canada 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:New Brunswick 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2145:and from the 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2107:North America 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873:Pierre Troyes 1870: 1866: 1865:Rupert's Land 1862: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1639:country near 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588:was moved to 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:First Nations 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393:Based on the 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1262:Customary law 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Paleo-Eskimos 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1202:Kwakwaka'wakw 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1113: 1106: 1097: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1017:included the 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 952: 948: 939: 935: 928: 920: 916: 912: 906: 897: 895: 891: 887: 882: 881:traditions). 880: 876: 872: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 806:. During the 805: 801: 797: 796:Archeological 790: 786: 782: 777: 772: 766: 755: 751: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 722:United States 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 655:Confederation 652: 648: 647:New Brunswick 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 619:Great Britain 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 596:archeological 593: 589: 585: 581: 580:North America 577: 576:Paleo-Indians 573: 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 533: 528: 526: 521: 519: 514: 513: 511: 510: 505: 495: 494: 493: 492: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 455: 454: 444: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 417:Richmond Hill 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347:Charlottetown 345: 343: 340: 339: 334: 329: 328: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 275:New Brunswick 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 254: 249: 248: 241: 238: 237: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 157: 152: 151: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 124: 123: 116: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 74: 70: 66: 61: 60: 55: 54: 49: 48:Benjamin West 42: 38: 37: 34: 31: 30: 26: 22: 21: 16: 16531:Sint Maarten 16511:Saint Martin 16335: 16121: 16069: 16057: 15991:Fort Langley 15976:York Factory 15966:Cuper's Cove 15705:Newfoundland 15695:Nootka Sound 15655: 15648: 15570:Isle St-Jean 15557: 15442: 15425:Bibliography 14390:1867–present 13388: 13376: 13349:Bibliography 13201:Saskatchewan 13099:Peacekeeping 13064: 13002:1982–present 12944: 12857: 12822: 12803: 12781: 12759: 12748: 12741: 12730: 12720: 12713: 12684: 12672: 12662: 12644: 12632:. 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In 1785, 2326:War of 1812 2253:During the 2178:issued the 2139:Great Lakes 1926:); and the 1834:Fort Nelson 1708:David Kirke 1672:Elizabeth I 1641:Lake Simcoe 1617:Quebec City 1568:In 1604, a 1526:in 1600 by 1492:Nova Scotia 1470:began with 1344:aboard the 1257:Western law 1222:totem poles 1190:Tsilhqot'in 1051:Great Lakes 1004:Nova Scotia 949:during the 835:Haida Gwaii 781:Great Lakes 682:World War I 651:Nova Scotia 402:Quebec City 357:Fredericton 295:Nova Scotia 208:Monarchical 188:Immigration 127:Significant 16496:Montserrat 16491:Martinique 16486:Guadeloupe 16341:Costa Rica 15848:New Albion 15810:Nova Dania 15639:Louisbourg 15614:Port Royal 15575:Île Royale 15559:New France 13359:Historians 13296:Saint John 13261:Lethbridge 13094:Operations 12634:August 29, 12147:Bell Media 12039:(2): 213. 10790:August 23, 10579:August 24, 9842:(2): 160. 9757:(1): 231. 9636:August 10, 9610:August 10, 9467:August 29, 9438:October 9, 9408:October 9, 9035:October 2, 8941:August 24, 8294:"Tecumseh" 8195:August 29, 8022:August 23, 7282:August 26, 6569:. Toronto. 5980:August 28, 5752:October 1, 5748:(3): 62–63 5214:January 9, 4969:References 4449:"Yes" side 4365:Kanesatake 4354:Oka Crisis 4205:Canada Act 3980:Avro Arrow 3964:Avro Arrow 3903:Korean War 3716:HMCS 3618:Air Canada 3416:Hume Wrong 3301:See also: 3269:Anglophone 3242:War Office 3146:Ukrainians 3091:Indian Act 3086:Indian Act 3043:Louis Riel 2941:See also: 2935:See also: 2918:Parti bleu 2872:was chosen 2739:James Cook 2675:-speaking 2620:, c. 1849. 2591:read the " 2397:Jay Treaty 2261:among the 2218:Quebec Act 2176:George III 2155:Guadeloupe 2093:in yellow. 1904:Île-Royale 1819:See also: 1787:Jean Talon 1755:Sulpicians 1600:, and the 1590:Port Royal 1439:New France 1407:Corte-Real 1372:Viking Age 1368:John Cabot 1362:from King 1342:John Cabot 1220:items and 1063:Potawatomi 1041:and other 1000:Hudson Bay 991:Algonquian 841:, and the 748:See also: 625:after the 611:New France 558:New France 474:Historians 407:Saint John 372:Lethbridge 218:Population 193:Indigenous 16481:Greenland 16396:Nicaragua 16371:Guatemala 16001:Norwegian 15956:Red River 15950:districts 15681:New Spain 15644:Plaisance 15590:Louisiana 15265:calendars 13321:Vancouver 13311:Saskatoon 13136:Provinces 13050:Etymology 13020:Canadians 12997:1960–1981 12992:1945–1960 12987:1914–1945 12982:1867–1914 12977:1763–1867 12972:1534–1763 12953:Year list 12246:ignored ( 12236:cite book 12053:145773856 11844:April 10, 11795:April 16, 11701:April 16, 11618:April 16, 11446:April 14, 11359:April 21, 11329:April 10, 11266:April 26, 11213:April 12, 11097:April 13, 10988:April 13, 10962:April 13, 10936:April 12, 10822:April 13, 10534:August 8, 10420:April 10, 10397:April 12, 9895:ignored ( 9885:cite book 9508:April 10, 9316:162365787 9236:April 14, 9005:April 12, 8909:148776615 8763:April 10, 8735:1713-868X 8663:April 16, 8637:April 16, 8456:April 11, 8048:April 12, 7961:2d ed. 53 7935:April 11, 7913:April 11, 7206:147651557 6279:ignored ( 6269:cite book 6148:ignored ( 6138:cite book 5894:April 11, 5863:April 11, 5826:ignored ( 5816:cite book 5689:April 15, 5436:April 15, 5324:ignored ( 5314:cite book 5184:ignored ( 5174:cite book 5036:CiteSeerX 4559:with the 4437:"No" side 4172:1982–2000 4008:1960–1981 3990:(NORAD). 3612:became a 3530:Kimberley 3504:Lord Byng 3435:I'm Alone 3338:Unionists 3132:In 1905, 3013:(now the 3001:In 1873, 2855:from the 2468:Lake Erie 2434:Loyalist 2220:of 1774. 2205:Canadiens 2198:habitants 2137:from the 2059:in 1760. 2036:Louisiana 1798:habitants 1726:in 1634. 1684:Ferryland 1655:in 1701. 1592:(today's 1560:with two 1496:Henry VII 1468:New World 1460:Hochelaga 1307:Greenland 1303:The Norse 1235:known as 995:Iroquoian 837:islands, 714:immigrant 701:and is a 676:Although 673:in 1949. 432:Vancouver 422:Saskatoon 253:Provinces 107:1960–1981 102:1945–1960 97:1914–1945 92:1867–1914 87:1764–1867 82:1534–1763 16562:Category 16446:Anguilla 16381:Honduras 16351:Dominica 16326:Barbados 16064:Category 15986:Victoria 15941:Stickeen 15775:American 15720:Scottish 15634:Montreal 15449:Category 15418:Research 15409:Timeline 13383:Category 13342:Research 13326:Winnipeg 13276:Montreal 13256:Hamilton 13241:Edmonton 13231:Brampton 13156:Manitoba 13089:Military 13045:Economic 13040:Cultural 12958:Timeline 12892:Archived 12854:template 12652:Archived 12599:Archived 12310:Archived 12153:June 24, 12142:CTV News 12123:32147731 12010:CBC News 11985:June 14, 11946:July 20, 11915:July 20, 11435:CBC News 11414:April 8, 11347:(2008). 11345:George V 11157:June 14, 10911:June 20, 10324:40202349 10206:Neatby, 10180:(2003). 9570:(1922). 9372:Archived 9263:June 28, 9257:Archived 9210:June 27, 9204:Archived 8868:July 27, 8618:(1976). 8501:(2003). 8308:Archived 7448:Archived 7260:June 24, 7230:June 23, 7066:Archived 6966:June 23, 6358:June 27, 5859:: 45–118 5137:June 25, 5066:36149744 5058:18339930 4935:Academia 4713:See also 3654:and the 3644:Kamloops 3633:nativism 3580:New Deal 3202:civilian 3080:reserves 3071:Treaty 1 3058:Treaty 8 3023:Manitoba 2902:loyalist 2870:dominion 2783:Columbia 2781:and the 2573:Hamilton 2551:in 1837. 2511:Michigan 2472:Tecumseh 2263:Acadians 2159:Voltaire 2123:Louis XV 2051:and the 1881:La Salle 1792:Acadians 1763:Montreal 1745:and the 1692:Virginia 1627:through 1403:Labrador 1218:potlatch 1182:Okanagan 1149:and the 1131:Nēhilawē 1070:Iroquois 1061:and the 1027:Maritime 919:Manitoba 814:), from 812:Beringia 791:receded. 659:Dominion 653:through 458:Research 437:Winnipeg 387:Montreal 367:Hamilton 352:Edmonton 342:Brampton 270:Manitoba 228:Religion 203:Military 198:Medicine 178:Economic 168:Cultural 65:Timeline 25:a series 23:Part of 16476:Curaçao 16461:Bonaire 16456:Bermuda 16386:Jamaica 16366:Grenada 16321:Bahamas 16023:Related 15981:Halifax 15825:British 15820:English 15753:Russian 15668:Spanish 15525:Vinland 15382:Related 13364:Surveys 13316:Toronto 13271:Moncton 13266:Markham 13251:Halifax 13186:Nunavut 13161:Ontario 13146:Alberta 12856:below ( 12735:excerpt 12733:(2019) 12647:(1959) 12616:; 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BBC. 9117:June 3, 8842:July 3, 8816:May 14, 8522:incomes 8213:(2014). 7800:May 21, 7198:1171305 6464:(ed.). 5028:Bibcode 5020:Science 4953:;:Media 4547:in the 4337:in 1992 4123:Jamaica 4119:Vietnam 4103:Ireland 4079:Expo 67 4077:titled 3932:to the 3915:Nunavik 3739:U-boats 3721:in 1940 3255:, with 3138:Alberta 3127:Skagway 2959:in 1881 2581:Chambly 2507:Indiana 2460:eastern 2371:in 1788 2322:Toronto 2269:by the 2149:to the 2141:to the 2133:of the 1980:Halifax 1875:led an 1751:utopian 1480:Florida 1347:Matthew 1323:Vinland 1311:Iceland 1227:In the 1151:Tlingit 1121:On the 1045:of the 1031:Beothuk 1025:of the 1023:Abenaki 1019:Mi'kmaq 976:Saugeen 816:Siberia 641:by the 607:British 484:Surveys 479:Studies 427:Toronto 382:Moncton 377:Markham 362:Halifax 300:Ontario 285:Nunavut 260:Alberta 114:present 16401:Panama 16391:Mexico 16336:Canada 16331:Belize 16009:Claims 15886:Canada 15874:Quebec 15833:Claims 15805:Claims 15797:Danish 15782:Claims 15761:Claims 15728:Claims 15676:Claims 15624:Quebec 15580:Canada 15565:Acadia 15553:Claims 15545:French 15530:Sites: 15191:Quebec 13301:Regina 13286:Ottawa 13223:Cities 13191:Quebec 13116:Sports 13012:Topics 12873:Curlie 12859:Curlie 12808:online 12789: 12767: 12725:online 12691: 12658:192 pp 12649:online 12596:online 12515: 12487: 12466: 12427: 12395: 12374: 12307:online 12224: 12197: 12193:–186. 12121: 12111: 12051: 11891: 11866:May 3, 11820: 11786: 11759: 11729: 11614:. 2000 11587: 11560: 11533: 11508: 11471: 11291: 11238: 11182: 11070: 11043: 11016: 10875: 10710: 10667: 10640: 10606: 10505: 10478: 10322: 10257: 10230: 10190: 10160: 10102: 10069: 10005: 9968: 9941: 9873: 9813: 9688: 9661: 9578: 9339: 9314: 9140: 9089: 8972: 8932: 8907: 8733: 8691: 8628: 8598: 8571: 8544: 8481: 8429: 8391:. 1999 8367: 8275: 8164: 8130: 8098: 8073: 7998: 7967: 7885: 7858: 7831: 7791: 7761: 7734: 7707: 7673: 7642: 7609: 7582: 7555: 7528: 7501: 7415: 7388: 7361: 7334: 7307: 7204: 7196: 7154: 7127: 7097: 7033: 7008: 6938: 6911: 6883: 6826: 6793: 6766: 6739: 6708: 6653: 6620: 6593: 6545: 6518: 6491: 6437: 6410: 6383: 6329: 6302: 6257: 6230: 6203: 6126: 6099: 6066: 6037: 6010: 5952: 5919: 5804: 5777: 5657: 5602: 5575: 5548: 5521: 5494: 5467: 5408: 5378: 5351: 5302: 5275: 5248: 5162: 5116: 5096: 5064: 5056: 5038: 4994: 4252:. The 3984:BOMARC 3873:, and 3756:. The 3562:mining 3368:Allied 3240:. The 3064:, 1899 2876:polity 2673:Gaelic 2571:, and 2569:London 2446:, 1813 2302:Quebec 1930:. The 1803:Acadia 1714:, the 1680:Cupids 1645:Wendat 1548:Canada 1508:Canada 1358:Under 1249:Tuniit 1186:Dakelh 1137:, the 1125:, the 1039:Ojibwa 1037:. The 978:, and 938:Quebec 705:and a 688:, the 684:. The 615:France 603:French 584:Canada 562:Canada 412:Regina 397:Ottawa 333:Cities 310:Quebec 223:Sports 156:Topics 143:People 133:Events 27:on the 16451:Aruba 16376:Haiti 15883:Upper 15879:Lower 15738:Sites 15512:Norse 13544:1690s 13539:1680s 13534:1670s 13529:1660s 13524:1650s 13519:1640s 13514:1630s 13509:1620s 13504:1610s 13499:1600s 13494:1500s 13489:1400s 13484:1100s 13479:1000s 13206:Yukon 13126:Women 12049:S2CID 11979:(PDF) 11780:(PDF) 11506:JSTOR 11410:. 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