27:
118:, with up to 40,000 characters for reasonably complete coverage. Japanese uses fewer characters—general literacy in Japanese can be expected with 2,136 characters. The use of Chinese characters in Korea is increasingly rare, although idiosyncratic use of Chinese characters in proper names requires knowledge (and therefore availability) of many more characters. Even today, however, South Korean students are taught
195:
up to and including version 2.0, are now deprecated due to the requirement to encode more characters than a 16-bit encoding can accommodate—Unicode 5.0 has some 70,000 Han characters—and the requirement by the
Chinese government that software in China support the
203:
Although CJK encodings have common character sets, the encodings often used to represent them have been developed separately by different East Asian governments and software companies, and are mutually incompatible.
665:
175:
script, consisting of
Chinese characters with many characters created locally. Since the 1920s, the script since then used for recording literature has been the Latin-based
149:
for Korean, are not strictly "CJK characters", although CJK character sets almost invariably include them as necessary for full coverage of the target languages.
670:
318:
692:
611:
Lemberg, Werner: The CJK package for LATEX2ε—Multilingual support beyond babel. TUGboat, Volume 18 (1997), No. 3—Proceedings of the 1997 Annual
Meeting.
237:
114:
Standard
Mandarin Chinese and Standard Cantonese are written almost exclusively in Chinese characters. Over 3,000 characters are required for general
1199:
191:, requiring at least a 16-bit fixed width encoding or multi-byte variable-length encodings. The 16-bit fixed width encodings, such as those from
321:(right-to-left and top-to-bottom in ancient documents), but are usually considered left-to-right scripts when discussing encoding issues.
187:
The number of characters required for complete coverage of all these languages' needs cannot fit in the 256-character code space of 8-bit
310:
code space. There is much controversy among
Japanese experts of Chinese characters about the desirability and technical merit of the
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CJK character encodings should consist minimally of Han characters plus language-specific phonetic scripts such as
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399:
119:
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47:
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process used to map multiple
Chinese and Japanese character sets into a single set of unified characters.
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800:
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620:, State-of-the-art Report, Prepared for the Board of Directors, Association for Asian Studies. 1971.
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8:
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was the written language of government and scholarship in
Vietnam. Popular literature in
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has attempted, with some controversy, to unify the character sets in a process known as
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478: prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the
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Automated
Orthographic Systems for East Asian Languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
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in 2006). The trademark owned by OCLC between 1987 and 2009 has now expired.
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35:
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Carl Leban (1971) produced an early survey of CJK encoding systems.
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134:
234:(the most prevalent encoding before Unicode was implemented)
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231:
469:
437:
306:
The CJK character sets take up the bulk of the assigned
630:. Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates, 1998.
449:
520:
30:Translation of "That old man is 72 years old" in
16:Logographs in shared East Asian written tradition
1161:
168:
125:Other scripts used for these languages, such as
666:FGA: Unicode CJKV character set rationalization
329:Libraries cooperated on encoding standards for
592:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.
577:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
686:
468:This article is based on material taken from
333:characters in the early 1980s. According to
655:Lemberg CJK article from above, TUGboat18-3
544:Colonialism and language policy in Viet Nam
693:
679:
337:, the abbreviation "CJK" was a registered
541:
455:
19:For help with CJK character display, see
1200:Writing systems using Chinese characters
317:All three languages can be written both
25:
829:CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement
518:
443:
359:Chinese character description languages
109:
1162:
1142:
574:The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy
21:Help:Multilingual support (East Asian)
674:
475:Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
265:(subset and predecessor of GB 18030)
369:Chinese input methods for computers
13:
797:Ideographic Description Characters
785:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I
781:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H
777:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G
773:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F
769:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E
765:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D
761:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C
757:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B
753:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A
14:
1211:
643:
486:
425:Vietnamese language and computers
226:CJK character encodings include:
223:, hiragana, katakana and hangul.
523:The writing systems of the world
825:Enclosed Ideographic Supplement
809:Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
400:Japanese language and computers
324:
319:left-to-right and top-to-bottom
1180:Natural language and computing
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159:Until the early 20th century,
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430:
405:Korean language and computers
389:Complex Text Layout languages
102:script formerly used for the
1170:Encodings of Asian languages
817:CJK Compatibility Ideographs
374:CJK Compatibility Ideographs
7:
1190:Japanese-language computing
801:CJK Symbols and Punctuation
628:CJKV Information Processing
590:Asia's Orthographic Dilemma
352:
182:
10:
1216:
1185:Chinese-language computing
740:Scripts contained in block
660:On "CJK Unified Ideograph"
650:CJKV: A Brief Introduction
561:
364:Chinese character encoding
273:People's Republic of China
271:(mandated standard in the
18:
1195:Korean-language computing
1138:
712:
519:Coulmas, Florian (1991).
379:Chinese character strokes
70:is a collective term for
542:DeFrancis, John (1977).
343:Research Libraries Group
278:Giga Character Set (GCS)
821:CJK Compatibility Forms
789:CJK Radicals Supplement
482:, version 1.3 or later.
420:Variable-width encoding
1175:Languages of East Asia
749:CJK Unified Ideographs
384:CJK Unified Ideographs
245:(official standard of
169:
84:Korean writing systems
59:
48:traditional characters
546:. The Hague: Mouton.
98:, the Chinese-origin
86:, which each include
29:
110:Character repertoire
64:internationalization
588:Hannas, William C.
446:, pp. 113–115.
395:Input method editor
345:(which merged with
189:character encodings
177:Vietnamese alphabet
167:was written in the
104:Vietnamese language
1148:As of version 16.0
145:for Japanese, and
88:Chinese characters
60:
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938:2F800–2FA1F
936:1F200–1F2FF
916:2EBF0–2EE5F
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912:30000–3134F
910:2CEB0–2EBEF
908:2B820–2CEAF
906:2B740–2B81F
904:2A700–2B73F
902:20000–2A6DF
813:CJK Compatibility
662:, from Wenlin.com
553:978-90-279-7643-7
534:978-0-631-18028-9
410:List of CJK fonts
247:Republic of China
161:Classical Chinese
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614:Leban, Carl.
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606:0-8248-1842-3
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600:(paperback);
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325:Legal status
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91:
90:. The term
74:used in the
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61:
1036:Not unified
1034:Not unified
1032:Not unified
1028:Not unified
1026:Not unified
1024:Not unified
1022:Not unified
1020:Not unified
1018:Not unified
1016:Not unified
805:CJK Strokes
728:Chart range
513:Works cited
282:ISO 2022-JP
100:logographic
1164:Categories
1078:, Common,
731:Characters
719:Block name
624:Lunde, Ken
431:References
165:Vietnamese
154:sinologist
44:simplified
32:Vietnamese
1080:Inherited
415:Sinoxenic
339:trademark
335:Ken Lunde
290:Shift-JIS
286:KS C 5861
243:CNS 11643
72:graphemes
36:Cantonese
1100:, Common
1098:Hiragana
1089:, Common
1087:Katakana
1085:Hangul,
353:See also
269:GB 18030
221:bopomofo
198:GB 18030
183:Encoding
143:katakana
139:hiragana
129:and the
127:bopomofo
116:literacy
80:Japanese
52:Japanese
40:Mandarin
1014:Unified
1012:Unified
1010:Unified
1008:Unified
1006:Unified
1004:Unified
1002:Unified
1000:Unified
998:Unified
995:Unified
706:Unicode
562:Sources
472:at the
331:JACKPHY
308:Unicode
300:Unicode
263:GB 2312
206:Unicode
193:Unicode
171:chữ Nôm
133:-based
96:Chữ Nôm
76:Chinese
1129:
1126:
1122:99,737
1113:
1110:Totals
1095:Common
1083:Common
1076:Hangul
1071:Common
950:42,720
946:20,992
634:
604:
596:
581:
550:
531:
258:EUC-KR
253:EUC-JP
217:pinyin
147:hangul
135:pinyin
82:, and
56:Korean
54:, and
1074:Han,
962:4,192
960:4,939
958:7,473
956:5,762
952:4,154
948:6,592
890:2 SIP
883:0 BMP
881:0 BMP
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724:Plane
391:(CTL)
238:CCCII
131:Latin
632:ISBN
602:ISBN
594:ISBN
579:ISBN
548:ISBN
529:ISBN
480:GFDL
347:OCLC
295:TRON
232:Big5
152:The
141:and
92:CJKV
46:and
42:(in
1102:Han
1093:Han
1068:Han
1066:Han
1064:Han
1062:Han
1060:Han
1058:Han
1056:Han
1054:Han
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1050:Han
1048:Han
1045:Han
986:542
980:472
978:256
976:255
968:214
966:115
964:622
954:222
887:SMP
860:TIP
847:SIP
840:BMP
704:in
470:CJK
341:of
62:In
50:),
1166::
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
