860:
1102:
1017:
588:
100:
1320:
2432:
1828:
1273:
5999:
76:
2578:
5989:
5383:
1365:
imperial hold over Italy was utterly collapsing; he also still had to continue the war with Persia that he had fought in for his entire military career. This
Persian war also struggled with money difficulties, leading to a major mutiny in 588; however, the money dispute was resolved the following spring. During the mutiny, a civil war began between rival factions in Persia, and Maurice saw an opportunity. He gave his support to
1597:
6009:
2102:
1000:, meanwhile, gathered in the great hall of the palace. As the senate wanted to avoid outside involvement and influence, they were pressed to quickly select a candidate; however, they could not agree. Several candidates were nominated but were rejected for various reasons. After much arguing, the senate chose to nominate Justin; and he was crowned by the
1230:, breaks in Narses' command chain were revealed; following a letter from Belisarius, Narses was recalled by Justinian. Thereafter, the campaign became a war of sieges, which came to an end after Belisarius pretended to accept an offer to become Western Roman Emperor. He marched into Ravenna unopposed, occupied it, then disposed of King Witigis.
1167:. The Vandals, after maintaining North African dominance since the fall of the Western Roman Empire, had become content and laid back; their army, despite being twice the size of the 15,000 men commanded by Belisarius, was poorly trained and ill-equipped to deal with an imperial threat. The Vandal king,
1311:
began migrating all the way down into Greece. The overstretched emperor ran out of money and could not pay the army of the East which was fighting the
Persians, and they threatened to mutiny. As his forces were deployed elsewhere, the Avars took advantage of him and forced Tiberius to give up the key
1233:
Belisarius was recalled from Italy and then immediately sent to the
Persian front, which had flared into warfare again. During this period, the Ostrogoths retook most of Italy. After the Persian front died down, with the Persians swearing they would never fight the Byzantines again until after his
1092:
began in the east; which would not reach its conclusion until the reign of
Justinian. In 527, Justin appointed Justinian co-emperor after becoming dangerously ill. Justin recovered from the illness, however, several months later, he died of an ulcer on an old wound; and Justinian then ascended the
1364:
Maurice's reign was marked by constant money troubles. Maurice ascended the throne and received a bankrupt empire, and this financial state continued until beyond the end of his reign. He also inherited military troubles: the Slavs were continuing to migrate into the empire, oftentimes violently;
1372:
Maurice then turned his attention to the
Balkans, which, after a decade of inattention from the army, had become completely ravaged by the Slavs. With the full attention of the army, the Byzantines drove back the Slavs, expelled them from the empire, and then ravaged their lands beyond the
1384:
Despite these extensive military victories, Maurice was unpopular within the borders of the empire because he always had an empty treasury and often had to reduce payments to his soldiers. As a result of this unpopularity, he was deposed by the army in 602 and replaced with their choice,
1190:
with 7,500 men. Belisarius arrived and received only token resistance. He then moved on to mainland Italy. After putting down a mutiny in recently conquered North Africa, Belisarius landed in mainland Italy, finding the same token resistance. The Gothic garrison of
1215:. Belisarius had been fortifying Rome, and a siege ensued. One year and nine days later, after a grueling siege, Witigis had displayed his utter inabilities as a king, and Belisarius had showed his brilliance as a commander.
1237:
Justinian's wars of reconquest had expanded the empire to include the former Roman provinces of Italia, Baetica, and Africa
Proconsularis. These additions expanded the Byzantine Empire to the largest point in its history.
1377:. The Byzantines, after this decisive victory, were now easily able to hold the frontier on the Danube as it had been since the Roman Empire, as well as gain control over some minor territories in southern
1252:
After
Justinian's reconquest and extensive rebuilding programs, the empire's treasury was left empty. The financial mess weakened the empire and forced his successor, Justin II, to suspend payments to the
1175:; he defeated Belisarius but went hysterical after finding the body of his dead brother. Belisarius rounded up his remaining men and broke the disorganized mass of Vandals. Belisarius went on to capture
1059:
After this initial ecclesiastical overhaul, the rest of Justin's reign was relatively quiet and peaceful. In 525, perhaps at the insistence of
Justinian, Justin repealed a law which effectively forbade
988:
wars and rose through the ranks to become the commander of the
Excubitors, which was a very influential position. In this time, he also achieved the rank of senator. After the death of the Emperor
1028:
Justin, who was from a Latin speaking province, spoke little Greek and was mostly illiterate. As such, he surrounded himself with intelligent advisers, the most notable of which was his nephew,
3552:
1040:. After his accession, Justin removed the other candidates to the throne; two were executed, and three were punished either with death or exile. Unlike most emperors before him, who were
972:
The
Justinian dynasty began with the accession of its namesake Justin I to the throne. Justin I was born in a big village, Bederiana, in the 450s CE. Like many country youths, he went to
635:
99:
6038:
888:
1195:
resisted however, and after several months siege Belisarius sacked the city. After more ensuing dynastic squabbles, resulting in the deaths of two kings, Belisarius was invited to
1056:. Justin, as an Orthodox, and John of Cappadocia, immediately set about repairing relations with Rome. After delicate negotiations, the Acacian schism ended in late March, 519.
4262:
1353:. He eventually rose to the rank of secretary of the imperial bodyguard and in 577 was appointed commander in chief of the army. After hard campaigning in the East in the
401:
387:
373:
359:
334:
320:
306:
292:
6033:
5452:
992:, who had left no clear heir, there was much dispute as to who would become emperor. To decide who would ascend the throne, a grand meeting was called in the
5818:
4495:
1052:. Past emperors had supported the Monophysites' position, which was in direct conflict with the Orthodox teachings of the papacy, and this strife led to the
881:
5954:
3475:
1148:, but the raid stalled, and he lost the beginnings of a new fortress in a crushing defeat. This impasse of sorts led to Justinian negotiating the "
874:
1001:
5467:
5371:
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786:
690:
587:
5059:
3636:
3569:
700:
649:
6048:
6043:
3584:
664:
352:
1291:
Tiberius II succeeded Justin II. His four-year reign was marked by Imperial weakness because the empire was over-stretched. He reinforced
1152:" in 532 in which he agreed to pay 11,000 pounds of gold in return for a cease in hostilities and the defense of several mountain passes.
4660:
3646:
3621:
1144:
Justinian had inherited a war with Persia from Justin I. Justinian continued the war, succeeding in sending a force all the way down the
710:
685:
552:
3331:
3304:
1349:
Maurice, the fifth and final emperor of the Justinian dynasty, reportedly came from Armenia and began his career in Constantinople as a
5011:
4994:
3651:
3631:
715:
695:
4710:
4556:
4528:
4172:
4164:
3641:
3574:
2158:
1354:
1226:, another Byzantine general, was called in to help and he used his influence to help Belisarius break the siege. After a massacre at
705:
654:
297:
4906:
4267:
570:
4755:
1080:, was suspicious of plots by the Byzantines; and turned on the Roman senatorial class, going so far as executing the philosopher
5235:
4760:
1068:, who was of low social standing. In his last years, conflict increased around the Empire. There was increased strife with the
5422:
5159:
3919:
3912:
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3443:
3422:
3383:
1061:
832:
4911:
4770:
4058:
5878:
5853:
5793:
3902:
3033:
1276:
The Empire, near the end of the reign of Maurice, after suffering deterioration since the end of Justinian's reconquests.
5969:
5240:
4653:
6012:
5974:
5504:
5341:
3907:
3055:
4404:
3461:
2116:
1870:
1331:
5472:
5376:
5198:
3730:
3498:
3060:
1316:. After this setback, Tiberius ate some bad food, which may have been intentionally poisoned, fell ill, and died.
798:
579:
545:
3352:
5838:
5778:
5750:
5509:
5346:
5336:
5208:
5129:
4947:
4815:
4387:
4331:
4252:
4119:
2261:
1819:
1065:
5924:
5755:
5203:
5193:
5108:
4863:
4648:
4083:
5277:
5245:
5149:
4858:
4830:
4638:
4177:
1265:
invaded Italy and quickly conquered most of the peninsula. Later wars with the Persians did not go well in
5934:
5001:
4643:
4490:
4247:
3998:
2784:
2773:
1212:
1084:, who was attempting to end the persecution. However, Theodoric died in 526, ending the persecution. The
488:
1032:. Justinian may have exerted great influence on his uncle and is considered by some historians, such as
6053:
5929:
5919:
5883:
5725:
5627:
5321:
5267:
5006:
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4868:
4568:
4448:
4326:
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4114:
3957:
3897:
538:
150:
5652:
5415:
5181:
4705:
4561:
4346:
4237:
4124:
2766:
2073:
1369:
in Persia, and he succeeded in gaining the throne. This ended the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 572–591.
812:
5903:
4480:
4232:
3719:
3598:
1358:
1182:
Justinian then recalled the victorious Belisarius. In Italy, dynastic squabbles amongst the ruling
1128:
942:
779:
669:
3397:. Vol. 14. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425 - 600. Cambridge University Press.
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5577:
5386:
4810:
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4356:
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3298:
2064:
1286:
1045:
1037:
864:
611:
471:
465:
366:
205:
1101:
5964:
5720:
5494:
5311:
4901:
4743:
4187:
3993:
3967:
3962:
3735:
3711:
3707:
3674:
803:
791:
769:
745:
39:
5783:
5675:
5632:
5029:
4883:
4073:
3983:
3947:
3832:
3562:
3557:
3371:
2593:
2135:
1149:
643:
639:
6002:
5944:
5740:
5647:
5617:
5602:
5408:
5272:
5255:
5076:
4835:
4800:
4683:
4620:
4615:
4150:
4093:
1574:
1172:
989:
926:
105:
75:
1234:
death, Belisarius retook Italy and captured southern Spain in a war that lasted 18 years.
8:
5888:
5868:
5848:
5813:
5745:
5657:
5524:
4182:
4098:
4088:
3952:
3715:
3703:
3590:
2565:
2149:
1361:. In 582 he married Tiberius' daughter and succeeded him on the throne at the age of 43.
1327:
1077:
1069:
930:
774:
765:
311:
3321:
976:
and enlisted in the army, where, due to his physical abilities, he became a part of the
750:
5992:
5828:
5803:
5705:
5582:
5534:
5529:
5519:
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5260:
5250:
5124:
4795:
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4595:
4458:
3810:
3790:
3770:
3760:
3526:
3065:
1005:
993:
380:
325:
88:
5988:
5730:
5700:
5690:
5680:
5597:
5587:
5572:
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5316:
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5154:
5134:
5102:
5034:
5021:
4942:
4937:
4688:
4453:
4303:
3822:
3775:
3765:
3755:
3439:
3418:
3379:
2828:
2583:
1567:
1344:
1138:
1073:
946:
913:
837:
524:
479:
255:
217:
5949:
5898:
5893:
5833:
5798:
5710:
5667:
5637:
5559:
5477:
5447:
5186:
4979:
4927:
4873:
4840:
4790:
4583:
4573:
4351:
4039:
3931:
3854:
3837:
3815:
3800:
3785:
3699:
3484:
1323:
997:
903:
760:
461:
5959:
5873:
5843:
5567:
5484:
5331:
5164:
5144:
5139:
5094:
5084:
5044:
5039:
4989:
4984:
4765:
4371:
4288:
4283:
4023:
4013:
3849:
3843:
3827:
3805:
3795:
3780:
3433:
3412:
1400:
1254:
1085:
394:
5863:
5808:
5762:
5715:
5695:
5539:
5462:
5169:
5049:
4782:
4541:
4435:
4421:
4220:
3924:
3679:
1408:
1200:
1053:
985:
973:
847:
842:
731:
511:
339:
131:
121:
54:
1319:
6027:
5622:
5089:
4966:
4932:
4670:
4605:
4578:
4463:
4078:
4018:
3326:
3293:
2447:
1041:
827:
3335:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 271–272.
1016:
5788:
5685:
5489:
4850:
4825:
4805:
4610:
4588:
4443:
3691:
3686:
3520:
1304:
1156:
1124:
981:
945:
into the empire. The Justinian dynasty ended in 602 with the deposition of
925:, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent since the fall of its
740:
735:
605:
3453:
1827:
1186:
gave Justinian an opportunity to invade, and in 535 he sent Belisarius to
1048:. Monophysites and the Orthodox were in conflict over the dual natures of
5939:
5642:
5549:
5431:
5351:
5326:
4820:
4630:
4397:
4003:
3988:
2437:
1833:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1089:
1029:
922:
444:
181:
109:
3308:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 909.
3297:
2431:
5514:
5400:
4625:
4485:
4475:
4308:
4298:
4008:
2808:
2791:
2577:
1843:
1366:
1183:
1160:
1134:
977:
908:
1272:
5823:
5592:
5174:
5054:
4546:
4414:
4361:
4293:
2820:
2266:
2129:
2106:
2078:
1247:
1145:
1033:
630:
452:
193:
1295:, and his generals found success against the Persians in battles in
1211:
sent a huge force, some accounts put the force as large as 150,000,
5858:
5735:
5612:
4700:
4600:
4551:
4409:
4341:
4129:
3393:
Cameron, Averil; Ward-Perkins, Bryan & Whitby, Michael (2000).
1877:
1602:
1596:
1350:
1258:
1176:
1133:
The strength of the dynasty was shown under Justinian I. After the
1081:
1064:
from marrying people of low class. This allowed Justinian to marry
1021:
962:
918:
436:
242:
169:
104:
The Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent since the fall of the
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5066:
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4893:
4392:
4366:
4044:
2101:
1313:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1208:
1204:
1168:
1164:
934:
82:
3414:
Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500-700
1269:, resulting in mental illness that drove Justin II to his grave.
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1374:
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1223:
1219:
1192:
1187:
950:
938:
520:
1378:
1308:
1266:
1227:
1163:
began reconquering former Roman territory, starting with the
1088:, likewise, resumed hostilities with the Byzantines, and the
1049:
135:
31:
1137:, Justinian rebuilt the city and reformed the law with the "
4974:
1196:
16:
Period of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) history from 518 to 602
3083:
3081:
1257:. While the Byzantines were distracted with the Persians,
591:
Territorial development of the Byzantine Empire (330–1453)
3392:
967:
921:. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of
6039:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
3166:
3154:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3078:
1155:
He then set about satisfying his dream to rebuild the
3274:
3142:
3115:
3113:
3093:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3110:
6025:
6034:States and territories established in the 510s
3844:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1171:, attempted to surround the Byzantines at the
5416:
3469:
882:
546:
3435:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
917:, beginning in 518 AD with the accession of
353:Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
3483:
3406:. Farmington Mills MI: Thompson & Gale.
46:
5423:
5409:
3476:
3462:
889:
875:
553:
539:
98:
3431:
3160:
3087:
298:Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
5430:
3292:
1318:
1271:
1105:A 6th-century head of an emperor at the
1100:
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4732:
3401:
3369:
3280:
3172:
3104:
1159:. On his command, his favoured general
6026:
3410:
3148:
1179:, and the Byzantines were victorious.
980:, the palace guards. He fought in the
968:Early life and accession to the throne
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3136:
3119:
1222:, which suffered from lack of food.
1218:The Goth army then moved to besiege
949:and the ascension of his successor,
6049:7th century in the Byzantine Empire
6044:6th century in the Byzantine Empire
6008:
5453:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
4219:
1207:. Hearing of this, the Gothic king
13:
5545:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
586:
14:
6065:
5975:Historiography in the Middle Ages
5342:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
3411:Sarris, Peter (27 October 2011).
3354:History of the Later Roman Empire
3056:Family tree of Byzantine emperors
1357:, he was promoted to the rank of
1355:Byzantine–Sassanid War of 572–591
6007:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5381:
2576:
2430:
2100:
1826:
1595:
858:
399:
385:
371:
357:
332:
318:
304:
290:
74:
5473:Christianity in the Middle Ages
5468:Decline of Hellenistic religion
3731:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
3553:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
3312:
3286:
3061:History of the Byzantine Empire
799:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
636:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
580:History of the Byzantine Empire
5751:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
4816:Great Palace of Constantinople
4557:Patriarchate of Constantinople
3876:
3378:. Cambridge University Press.
3125:
1280:
1096:
1:
5925:Disability in the Middle Ages
5598:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
5530:Rise of the Venetian Republic
3438:. Stanford University Press.
3432:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997).
3395:The Cambridge Ancient History
3376:The Cambridge Ancient History
3071:
5278:University of Constantinople
4859:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
4209:
4009:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
3698:Byzantine successor states (
1392:
1241:
491:as co-emperor, 590–602
7:
4948:Saint Catherine's Monastery
4004:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
3999:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
3497:
3351:Bury, John Bagnall (1923).
3049:
1020:A coin showing the bust of
1002:Patriarch of Constantinople
956:
865:Byzantine Empire portal
757:Byzantine successor states
10:
6070:
5726:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
5337:Neo-Byzantine architecture
5301:
3958:Comes sacrarum largitionum
3343:
1342:
1338:
1284:
1245:
1122:
1116:
960:
32:
5983:
5912:
5771:
5666:
5653:Mongol invasion of Europe
5558:
5438:
5364:
5307:
5296:
5217:
5117:
5075:
5020:
4965:
4920:
4907:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
4892:
4849:
4781:
4751:
4742:
4738:
4727:
4669:
4527:
4523:
4512:
4434:
4380:
4319:
4276:
4228:
4215:
4204:
4163:
4138:
4107:
4066:
4057:
4032:
3976:
3940:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3871:
3744:
3660:
3607:
3538:
3509:
3505:
3492:
3365:– via LacusCurtius.
3357:. Macmillan & Co. Ltd
3043:
3025:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2914:
2912:
2838:
2836:
2805:
2788:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2599:
2590:
2562:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2485:
2483:
2453:
2444:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2294:
2292:
2276:
2274:
2254:
2252:
2226:
2224:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1883:
1823:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1672:
1670:
1644:
1642:
1614:
1592:
1571:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1420:
1418:
468:as regents, 574–578
269:
265:
252:
239:
235:
227:
223:
211:
199:
187:
175:
163:
159:
149:
141:
127:
117:
97:
71:
66:
23:
4481:Droungarios of the Fleet
3370:Cameron, Averil (2000).
1307:. At the same time, the
1011:
678:Middle period (717–1204)
5608:Investiture Controversy
5578:Second Bulgarian Empire
4995:Early Byzantine mosaics
4357:Domestic of the Schools
3402:Corrick, James (2006).
3332:Encyclopædia Britannica
3305:Encyclopædia Britannica
1287:Tiberius II Constantine
1109:, thought to represent
1038:power behind the throne
724:Late period (1204–1453)
367:Kingdom of the Lombards
5965:Post-classical history
5721:Fall of Constantinople
5628:Capet–Plantagenet feud
5495:First Bulgarian Empire
5312:Byzantine commonwealth
4074:Praetorian prefectures
3994:Logothetes tou genikou
3968:Quaestor sacri palatii
3963:Comes rerum privatarum
3736:Fall of Constantinople
3675:Sack of Constantinople
3319:Meyer, Eduard (1911).
1335:
1334:, cousin of Justinian.
1277:
1203:while the king was in
1114:
1044:, Justin was a devout
1025:
804:Fall of Constantinople
792:Despotate of the Morea
746:Principality of Achaea
623:Early period (330–717)
592:
47:
5012:Komnenian renaissance
5007:Macedonian period art
4912:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
4884:Walls of Thessaloniki
3984:Logothetes tou dromou
3599:Twenty Years' Anarchy
3563:Valentinianic dynasty
3558:Constantinian dynasty
1322:
1275:
1123:Further information:
1104:
1019:
670:Twenty Years' Anarchy
644:Valentinianic dynasty
640:Constantinian dynasty
590:
254:• Deposition of
128:Common languages
5945:Medieval reenactment
5741:Renaissance Humanism
5648:Medieval Warm Period
5618:Republic of Florence
5432:European Middle Ages
5209:Units of measurement
4943:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
4836:Pammakaristos Church
4684:Corpus Juris Civilis
4635:Missionary activity
4094:Exarchate of Ravenna
3920:Imperial bureaucracy
3404:The Byzantine Empire
3034:Constantine III
1173:Battle of Ad Decimum
1129:Gothic War (535–554)
241:• Accession of
106:Western Roman Empire
5658:Kingdom of Portugal
5525:Old Church Slavonic
5510:Anglo-Saxon England
4733:Culture and society
4596:Ecumenical councils
4099:Exarchate of Africa
4089:Quaestura exercitus
3953:Magister officiorum
3948:Praetorian prefects
3591:Byzantine Dark Ages
2560:Anastasia Areobinda
1078:Theodoric the Great
1070:Ostrogothic Kingdom
927:Western counterpart
312:Ostrogothic Kingdom
5839:In popular culture
5804:Crusading movement
5676:Hundred Years' War
5535:Civitas Schinesghe
5520:Carolingian Empire
5505:Kingdom of Croatia
5458:Barbarian kingdoms
5150:Flags and insignia
4796:Baths of Zeuxippus
4679:Codex Theodosianus
4569:Oriental Orthodoxy
3527:Later Roman Empire
3066:Barbarian kingdoms
1336:
1278:
1261:hordes under king
1115:
1046:Orthodox Christian
1026:
1008:, on 10 July 518.
1006:John of Cappadocia
929:, reincorporating
593:
381:Visigothic Kingdom
326:Visigothic Kingdom
89:Byzantine insignia
6054:Justinian dynasty
6021:
6020:
5930:Basic topics list
5731:Swiss mercenaries
5681:Wars of the Roses
5588:Kingdom of Poland
5573:Holy Roman Empire
5440:Early Middle Ages
5398:
5397:
5360:
5359:
5317:Byzantine studies
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5103:Alexander Romance
4961:
4960:
4938:Nea Moni of Chios
4801:Blachernae Palace
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4689:Code of Justinian
4537:Eastern Orthodoxy
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4430:
4429:
4304:Scholae Palatinae
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4165:Foreign relations
4159:
4158:
4053:
4052:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3666:(1204–1453)
3445:978-0-8047-2630-6
3424:978-0-19-162002-7
3385:978-0-521-32591-2
3047:
3046:
2144:
2124:
1849:
1575:Anastasius I
1345:Maurice (emperor)
1139:Code of Justinian
1074:Italian Peninsula
1036:, to be the real
914:Justinian dynasty
899:
898:
563:
562:
530:
529:
525:Heraclian dynasty
422:Justinian dynasty
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
345:
344:
92:
6061:
6011:
6010:
6001:
6000:
5991:
5950:Medieval studies
5794:Church and State
5668:Late Middle Ages
5560:High Middle Ages
5478:Christianization
5448:Migration Period
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5401:
5385:
5298:
5297:
5241:Imperial Library
5187:Byzantine Greeks
4928:Daphni Monastery
4879:Panagia Chalkeon
4874:Hagios Demetrios
4841:Prison of Anemas
4791:Basilica Cistern
4749:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4584:West Syriac Rite
4574:Alexandrian Rite
4525:
4524:
4518:Religion and law
4514:
4513:
4449:Maritime themata
4405:Palaiologan army
4258:Military manuals
4226:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4205:
4064:
4063:
4040:Megas logothetes
3891:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3746:By modern region
3667:
3614:
3613:(717–1204)
3545:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3485:Byzantine Empire
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3428:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3322:"Chosroes"
3316:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3175:, p. 64/65.
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3108:
3102:
3091:
3085:
2580:
2434:
2133:
2122:
2104:
1847:
1834:Justinian I
1830:
1617:Petrus Sabbatius
1599:
1397:
1396:
1324:Consular diptych
1299:and against the
998:Byzantine senate
904:Byzantine Empire
891:
884:
877:
863:
862:
861:
565:
564:
555:
548:
541:
504:
503:
423:
417:
416:
403:
402:
389:
388:
375:
374:
361:
360:
349:
348:
336:
335:
322:
321:
308:
307:
294:
293:
287:
286:
271:
270:
102:
86:
78:
58:
50:
48:Imperium Romanum
43:
35:
34:
33:Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων
25:Byzantine Empire
21:
20:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6017:
5979:
5960:Neo-medievalism
5908:
5844:Itinerant court
5767:
5662:
5583:Georgian Empire
5568:Norman Conquest
5554:
5500:Frankish Empire
5434:
5429:
5399:
5394:
5391:
5356:
5332:Cyrillic script
5303:
5284:
5229:
5213:
5113:
5095:Digenes Akritas
5071:
5016:
4957:
4921:Other locations
4916:
4888:
4845:
4777:
4766:Cross-in-square
4734:
4715:
4665:
4519:
4500:
4426:
4376:
4372:Varangian Guard
4315:
4289:East Roman army
4284:Late Roman army
4272:
4211:
4192:
4155:
4134:
4103:
4049:
4028:
4024:Epi ton deeseon
4014:Epi tou eidikou
3972:
3936:
3878:
3859:
3846:
3749:
3747:
3740:
3726:Palaiologan era
3668:
3665:
3656:
3627:Nikephorian era
3615:
3612:
3603:
3546:
3544:(330–717)
3543:
3534:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3482:
3452:
3446:
3425:
3386:
3360:
3358:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3317:
3313:
3299:"Maurice"
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3052:
3038:
3036:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2811:
2794:
2778:
2776:
2586:
2581:
2568:
2440:
2435:
2264:
2161:
2152:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2121:
2119:
2109:
2086:
2076:
2067:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1605:
1600:
1579:
1577:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1347:
1341:
1289:
1283:
1250:
1244:
1213:to besiege Rome
1150:Perpetual Peace
1131:
1121:
1099:
1086:Sasanian Empire
1062:court officials
1014:
970:
965:
959:
895:
859:
857:
852:
787:Palaiologan era
691:Nikephorian era
574:
559:
519:
510:
484:
476:
457:
449:
441:
421:
400:
395:Pannonian Avars
386:
372:
358:
333:
319:
305:
291:
261:27 November 602
258:
245:
214:
213:• 582–602
202:
201:• 574–582
190:
189:• 565–574
178:
177:• 527–565
166:
165:• 518–527
113:
93:
85:
80:
79:
62:
61:
52:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6067:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6005:
5995:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5955:Misconceptions
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5763:Little Ice Age
5760:
5759:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5716:Western Schism
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5465:
5463:Late antiquity
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4864:Byzantine Bath
4861:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4783:Constantinople
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Byzantine Rite
4533:
4531:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4422:Grand domestic
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4388:Komnenian army
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4263:Military units
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4233:Battle tactics
4229:
4223:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4061:
4055:
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4048:
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4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
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4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3925:Medieval Greek
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3894:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:Fourth Crusade
3671:
3669:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Macedonian era
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Theodosian era
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3429:
3423:
3417:. OUP Oxford.
3408:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3367:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3327:Chisholm, Hugh
3311:
3296:, ed. (1911).
3294:Chisholm, Hugh
3285:
3273:
3271:, p. 283.
3261:
3259:, p. 213.
3249:
3247:, p. 183.
3237:
3235:, p. 176.
3225:
3223:, p. 171.
3213:
3211:, p. 135.
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3163:, p. 175.
3161:Treadgold 1997
3153:
3151:, p. 137.
3141:
3133:Secret History
3124:
3109:
3092:
3090:, p. 174.
3088:Treadgold 1997
3076:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3045:
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3031:
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3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
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3015:
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3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
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2989:
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2648:
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2597:
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2504:
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2500:
2498:
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2478:
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2474:
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2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
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2311:
2309:
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2301:
2298:
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2279:
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2259:
2257:
2255:
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2249:
2247:
2245:
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2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2127:
2125:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1822:
1817:
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1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
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1779:
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1701:
1699:
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1679:
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1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1394:
1391:
1343:Main article:
1340:
1337:
1285:Main article:
1282:
1279:
1246:Main article:
1243:
1240:
1201:Pope Silverius
1117:Main article:
1098:
1095:
1076:. Their king,
1054:Acacian schism
1013:
1010:
974:Constantinople
969:
966:
961:Main article:
958:
955:
939:southern Spain
897:
896:
894:
893:
886:
879:
871:
868:
867:
854:
853:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
809:
808:
807:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
763:
755:
754:
753:
748:
743:
732:Fourth Crusade
726:
725:
721:
720:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:Macedonian era
698:
693:
688:
680:
679:
675:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Theodosian era
647:
633:
625:
624:
620:
619:
618:
617:
616:
615:
600:
599:
595:
594:
583:
582:
576:
575:
568:
561:
560:
558:
557:
550:
543:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
514:
512:Leonid dynasty
500:
499:
495:
494:
493:
492:
485:
482:
477:
474:
469:
458:
455:
450:
447:
442:
439:
431:
430:
426:
425:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
397:
391:
390:
383:
377:
376:
369:
363:
362:
355:
346:
343:
342:
340:Vandal Kingdom
337:
329:
328:
323:
315:
314:
309:
301:
300:
295:
283:
282:
277:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
215:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
197:
196:
191:
188:
185:
184:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
122:Constantinople
119:
115:
114:
103:
95:
94:
81:
73:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
59:
44:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6066:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6014:
6006:
6004:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Scholasticism
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Rise of Islam
5483:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Encyclopedias
5234:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Hellenization
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:Everyday life
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:Acritic songs
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Hosios Loukas
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4726:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Monophysitism
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:Armenian Rite
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4511:
4497:
4496:Naval battles
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Protasekretis
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3870:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:Komnenian era
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:Heraclian era
3583:
3581:
3580:Justinian era
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3283:, p. 59.
3282:
3277:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3199:, p. 88.
3198:
3193:
3187:, p. 23.
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3139:, p. 19)
3138:
3134:
3128:
3122:, p. 19.
3121:
3116:
3114:
3107:, p. 63.
3106:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3035:
2953:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2775:
2768:
2728:
2725:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2534:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:Ino Anastasia
2442:
2439:
2433:
2383:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2336:
2320:
2318:
2299:
2297:
2268:
2263:
2233:
2231:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2151:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2013:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1965:
1949:
1943:
1921:
1919:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1872:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1791:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1458:
1456:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:
910:
906:
905:
892:
887:
885:
880:
878:
873:
872:
870:
869:
866:
856:
855:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
822:
818:
817:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
733:
730:
729:
728:
727:
723:
722:
717:
714:
712:
711:Komnenian era
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
681:
677:
676:
671:
668:
666:
665:Heraclian era
663:
661:
660:Justinian era
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
645:
641:
637:
634:
632:
631:Tetrarchy era
629:
628:
627:
626:
622:
621:
614:
613:
609:
608:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
597:
596:
589:
585:
584:
581:
578:
577:
572:
567:
566:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
537:
536:
534:
533:
526:
522:
518:
515:
513:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
497:
496:
490:
486:
483:582–602
481:
478:
475:578–582
473:
470:
467:
463:
459:
456:565–578
454:
451:
448:527–565
446:
443:
440:518–527
438:
435:
434:
433:
432:
428:
427:
424:
419:
418:
398:
396:
393:
392:
384:
382:
379:
378:
370:
368:
365:
364:
356:
354:
351:
350:
347:
341:
338:
331:
330:
327:
324:
317:
316:
313:
310:
303:
302:
299:
296:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
251:
247:
244:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:
216:
210:
207:
204:
198:
195:
192:
186:
183:
180:
174:
171:
168:
162:
158:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
101:
96:
90:
84:
77:
70:
65:
56:
49:
45:
41:
40:Ancient Greek
30:
29:
22:
19:
5784:Architecture
5756:Great Famine
5746:Universities
5686:Hussite Wars
5603:Great Schism
5544:
5490:Papal States
5101:
4869:Hagia Sophia
4851:Thessalonica
4826:Hagia Sophia
4806:Chora Church
4744:Architecture
4621:Great Schism
4611:Paulicianism
4589:Miaphysitism
4444:Karabisianoi
3748:or territory
3708:Thessalonica
3692:Latin Empire
3687:Frankokratia
3662:
3622:Isaurian era
3609:
3579:
3540:
3525:
3521:Roman Empire
3511:
3434:
3413:
3403:
3394:
3375:
3359:. Retrieved
3353:
3330:
3314:
3303:
3288:
3281:Corrick 2006
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3173:Cameron 2000
3168:
3156:
3144:
3135:, cited in:
3132:
3127:
3105:Cameron 2000
2812:
2795:
2582:
2569:
2436:
2139:
2105:
1832:
1601:
1383:
1371:
1363:
1348:
1305:North Africa
1290:
1251:
1236:
1232:
1217:
1181:
1157:Roman Empire
1154:
1143:
1132:
1125:Vandalic War
1058:
1027:
971:
931:North Africa
912:
907:underwent a
902:
900:
770:Thessalonica
741:Latin Empire
686:Isaurian era
659:
610:
606:Roman Empire
516:
507:
420:
280:Succeeded by
279:
274:
18:
6013:WikiProject
5940:Medievalism
5779:Agriculture
5643:Manorialism
5638:Communalism
5633:Monasticism
5550:Reconquista
5540:Kievan Rus'
5352:Megali Idea
5327:Byzantinism
5030:Agriculture
4821:Hagia Irene
4654:Kievan Rus'
4631:Mount Athos
4454:Cibyrrhaeot
4398:Vestiaritai
4253:Mercenaries
4130:Catepanates
3989:Sakellarios
3908:Family tree
3833:Mesopotamia
3652:Angelid era
3632:Amorian era
3372:"Chapter 3"
3149:Sarris 2011
3131:Procopius.
2594:Constantina
2570:curopalates
2438:Tiberius II
1848:∞ Dulcidius
1281:Tiberius II
1119:Justinian I
1111:Justinian I
1107:Getty Villa
1097:Justinian I
1090:Iberian War
1042:Monophysite
933:, southern
923:Justinian I
716:Angelid era
696:Amorian era
517:Followed by
508:Preceded by
472:Tiberius II
445:Justinian I
275:Preceded by
248:10 July 518
206:Tiberius II
182:Justinian I
110:Justinian I
6028:Categories
5935:Land terms
5889:Technology
5869:Philosophy
5849:Literature
5814:Demography
5515:Viking Age
5347:Third Rome
5273:University
5256:Philosophy
5246:Inventions
5109:Historians
5077:Literature
5060:Varangians
4902:San Vitale
4831:Hippodrome
4811:City Walls
4711:Mutilation
4706:Hexabiblos
4626:Bogomilism
4616:Iconoclasm
4486:Megas doux
4476:Greek fire
4459:Aegean Sea
4332:Kleisourai
4309:Excubitors
4299:Bucellarii
4151:Despotates
4120:Kleisourai
4059:Provincial
3903:Coronation
3877:Governance
3642:Doukid era
3575:Leonid era
3137:Bury (1923
3072:References
3028:Theodosios
2829:HERACLIANS
2809:Shahrbaraz
2792:Khosrow II
2777:co-emperor
2774:Theodosius
2409:Areobindus
2153:consul 540
2136:Areobindus
2068:consul 517
2065:Anastasius
1844:Vigilantia
1809:(daughter)
1612:Vigilantia
1367:Khosrow II
1184:Ostrogoths
1161:Belisarius
1135:Nika riots
994:hippodrome
990:Anastasius
978:Excubitors
911:under the
909:golden age
833:Government
736:Latin rule
706:Doukid era
655:Leonid era
498:Succession
489:Theodosius
429:Chronology
142:Government
112:in 565 AD.
5920:Dark Ages
5829:Household
5824:Hastilude
5593:Feudalism
5175:Octoechos
5055:Silk Road
4547:Hesychasm
4415:Paramonai
4362:Hetaireia
4294:Foederati
4183:Diplomacy
4178:Diplomats
4084:Provinces
3913:Empresses
3716:Trebizond
3512:Preceding
3269:Bury 1923
3257:Bury 1923
3245:Bury 1923
3233:Bury 1923
3221:Bury 1923
3209:Bury 1923
3197:Bury 1923
3185:Bury 1923
3120:Bury 1923
2821:Heraclius
2815:of Persia
2798:of Persia
2267:Baduarius
2159:Justinian
2130:Praejecta
2123:∞ Juliana
2117:Marcellus
2107:Justin II
2079:Justin II
1638:(sibling)
1585:(sibling)
1393:Genealogy
1359:patricius
1330:, son of
1326:(540) of
1248:Justin II
1242:Justin II
1220:Ariminium
1146:Euphrates
1034:Procopius
1030:Justinian
775:Trebizond
598:Preceding
453:Justin II
194:Justin II
6003:Category
5970:Timeline
5859:Minstrel
5854:Medicine
5736:Chivalry
5691:Burgundy
5613:Crusades
5268:Scholars
5261:Rhetoric
5251:Medicine
5226:Learning
5125:Calendar
5002:Painters
4701:Basilika
4639:Bulgaria
4601:Arianism
4552:Hayhurum
4529:Religion
4491:Admirals
4410:Allagion
4342:Droungos
4248:Generals
4210:Military
4173:Treaties
4079:Dioceses
3898:Emperors
3811:Sardinia
3791:Dalmatia
3771:Bulgaria
3761:Anatolia
3720:Theodoro
3714: /
3710: /
3702: /
3361:13 March
3050:See also
2803:(sister)
2767:Tiberius
2140:magister
2087:Theodora
2085:(illeg.)
1878:Boraides
1871:Germanus
1820:Theodora
1603:Justin I
1590:Euphemia
1351:notarius
1332:Germanus
1312:city of
1177:Carthage
1093:throne.
1082:Boethius
1066:Theodora
1022:Justin I
982:Isaurian
963:Justin I
957:Justin I
919:Justin I
819:By topic
813:Timeline
780:Theodoro
612:Dominate
571:a series
569:Part of
523:and the
466:Tiberius
437:Justin I
243:Justin I
170:Justin I
145:Monarchy
108:, under
5913:Related
5899:Warfare
5894:Theatre
5884:Slavery
5879:Science
5834:Hunting
5799:Cuisine
5772:Culture
5711:Castile
5706:England
5377:Outline
5322:Museums
5222:Science
5199:Slavery
5155:Gardens
5135:Cuisine
5067:Dynatoi
5035:Coinage
5022:Economy
4990:Mosaics
4953:Mystras
4894:Ravenna
4756:Secular
4644:Moravia
4393:Pronoia
4367:Akritai
4352:Tagmata
4327:Themata
4268:Revolts
4238:Battles
4146:Kephale
4115:Themata
4045:Mesazon
3887:Central
3823:Maghreb
3776:Corsica
3766:Armenia
3756:Albania
3499:History
3344:Sources
3329:(ed.).
3037:emperor
2826:610-641
2824:emperor
2779:590–602
2587:582–602
2584:Maurice
2441:578–582
2162:general
2143:2. John
2120:general
2110:565–578
1837:527–565
1606:518–527
1580:491-518
1578:emperor
1568:Ariadne
1409:LEONIDS
1406:457-474
1404:emperor
1339:Maurice
1314:Sirmium
1301:Berbers
1297:Armenia
1293:Ravenna
1259:Lombard
1209:Witigis
1205:Ravenna
1169:Gelimer
1165:Vandals
1072:in the
986:Persian
947:Maurice
935:Illyria
838:Economy
480:Maurice
256:Maurice
228:History
218:Maurice
151:Emperor
118:Capital
83:Chi Rho
67:518–602
5993:Portal
5874:Poetry
5701:France
5387:Portal
5302:Impact
5182:People
5130:Cities
4980:Enamel
4761:Sacred
4696:Ecloga
4562:Saints
4471:Dromon
4347:Bandon
4337:Tourma
4320:Middle
4243:Beacon
4125:Bandon
4108:Middle
3977:Middle
3932:Senate
3855:Thrace
3838:Serbia
3816:Sicily
3801:Greece
3786:Cyprus
3704:Epirus
3700:Nicaea
3610:Middle
3487:topics
3442:
3421:
3382:
2262:Arabia
2150:Justin
2074:Sophia
1814:Comito
1387:Phocas
1375:Danube
1328:Justin
1263:Alboin
1224:Narses
1193:Naples
1188:Sicily
1050:Christ
996:. The
951:Phocas
941:, and
766:Epirus
761:Nicaea
751:others
573:on the
521:Phocas
462:Sophia
231:
155:
51:
36:
5904:Women
5864:Music
5819:Domes
5809:Dance
5696:Milan
5372:Index
5204:Death
5194:Women
5165:Music
5145:Dress
5140:Dance
5085:Novel
5045:Trade
5040:Mints
4985:Glass
4975:Icons
4771:Domes
4649:Serbs
4464:Samos
4277:Early
4067:Early
3941:Early
3850:Syria
3828:Malta
3806:Italy
3796:Egypt
3781:Crete
3712:Morea
3541:Early
3325:. In
2785:Maria
2566:Peter
1401:Leo I
1379:Dacia
1309:Slavs
1267:Syria
1255:Avars
1228:Milan
1012:Reign
943:Italy
487:with
460:with
136:Latin
132:Greek
87:(see
55:Latin
5170:Lyra
5050:silk
4661:Jews
4436:Navy
4381:Late
4221:Army
4188:Wars
4139:Late
4033:Late
3663:Late
3440:ISBN
3419:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3363:2013
3023:Nike
2813:shah
2796:shah
2134:∞ 1.
1197:Rome
1127:and
984:and
901:The
848:Navy
843:Army
734:and
464:and
5789:Art
4967:Art
4671:Law
3039:641
1303:in
1199:by
1141:".
828:Art
6030::
3374:.
3302:.
3112:^
3095:^
3080:^
2265:∞
2077:∞
1389:.
1381:.
1004:,
953:.
937:,
642:–
134:,
5424:e
5417:t
5410:v
3722:)
3718:–
3706:–
3593:"
3589:"
3477:e
3470:t
3463:v
3448:.
3427:.
3388:.
1113:.
1024:.
890:e
883:t
876:v
768:/
646:)
638:(
554:e
547:t
540:v
91:)
57:)
53:(
42:)
38:(
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