178:
effectively became an ethnic cleansing at the level of the republic's state administration, with Moscow-appointed politicians replacing the repressed and executed Buryat leaders. The standard charges against
Buryats in the 1930s were so-called “pan-Mongolism” and espionage in favor of Japan. In 1937, mass repressions caused a third wave of Buryat migration to Mongolia, when people were forced to flee Soviet persecution, taking the bare minimum of necessities.
274:
adopt any statements and other acts on its work aimed at fulfilling the statutory objectives of achieving independence. Buryat independence activists are working hard to promote their goals: independence, decolonization, de-colonization, de-imperialization, denuclearization of Russia, speaking at
European and international forums such as the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Council of Europe, the United Nations and so on.
61:
206:” that in 1929 35 thousand Buryat-Mongols were repressed and shot because of the uprising. In the course of Stalin's repressions in 1937, all the top leadership of the Buryat-Mongol ASSR was shot or exiled to concentration camps. A wave of arrests covered thousands of citizens of the republic. There is not a single Buryat family that would not have lost its loved ones, accused under the nominal “Buryat” articles -
22:
184:, a consistent supporter of Stalin, following the orders of the Kremlin authorities, began large-scale repressions against the entire Buryat population, who were summarily declared to be adherents of the hostile pro-Japanese ideology. By all accounts, this had the character of ethnic cleansing: researchers cite the horrifying figure that up to 90% of the male population of Buryat origin suffered from the
237:
number of
Buryats decreased to 224,719 compared to 1926. In 1959, 14 years after the end of World War II, the Buryat population was up only 28,000. For the sake of comparison, the number of Russians in the USSR was steadily increasing: in 1926 it was 77.791.124 people, and in 1939 it was already 99.591 .52, showing an increase of +28.02%.
250:
activists wrote letters first to the
Supreme Soviet, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union to other state bodies. However, there was no reaction. The authorities in Russia have never been interested in the Buryats becoming a numerous, strong and self-sufficient people, fearing separatist sentiments.
269:
Vladimir Putin's announcement of mobilization in 2022 triggered a retaliatory mobilization in the large Buryat diaspora. The anti-war movements “Free
Buryatia Foundation” and “Asians of Russia” have begun working to ensure that as many people as possible are evacuated to Mongolia and Kazakhstan. The
236:
Shamans were subjected to de-shamanization, lamas were shot or exiled to the Gulag, all monasteries on the territory of
Buryatia were closed and ruined. Buddhism is the only one of the world religions that officially ceased to exist in the USSR by 1940. As a result, according to the 1939 census, the
257:
Since
January 1, 2008 the Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous District became a part of the Irkutsk region, and since March 1 the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous District together with the Chita region formed a new subject of the Federation - the Zabaikalsky Krai. For most Russians, this administrative reform
213:
On
September 26, 1937, Moscow dismembered the Buryat-Mongol ASSR into 5 parts, and did it in such a way that no ethnic Buryat unit remained mono-national, but became an ethnic minority in the new administrative unit. As a result of the administrative division, the Buryat-Mongol Republic lost 40% of
253:
It was only in 1991 that the Law “On
Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repressions” came out, but it does not work equally for all administrative units where Buryats who suffered persecution live. For example, in the Irkutsk and Sverdlovsk regions benefits for the victims have been preserved,
195:
Buryats did not receive the status of a repressed people in the USSR because they were not subjected to mass deportation like
Kalmyks, Chechens, Crimean Tatars. However, tens of thousands of Buryats fell under repression: according to the results of the census in 1926, the number of Buryats in the
150:
On April 25, 1917, the Buryat-Mongols created their own independent state - Buryat-Mongol Ulas, having restored the aimaks, khoshuns and somons destroyed by Tsarism. The state had its own tax system, its own army and other institutions of governance. However, the Russian Provisional Government did
225:
On March 18, 1938, Ardan Markizov, second secretary of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b), Dazhup Dorzhiev, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, Irolto Dampilon, Chairman of the Buryatia Central Executive Committee, and others were arrested in Buryatia on the Pan-Mongolist
273:
In 2023, the Buryat opposition represented by the Buryat Congress, the Tusgaar Buryat-Mongol Movement, the Erkheten Movement and a number of others convened a congress of representatives of Buryat organizations for independence and formed the Buryat Independence Committee, which has the right to
249:
Buryat historians and activists, who in the 1980s organized first the “Naegedel” movement (translated from Buryat as “Unity”) and then the Congress of the Buryat People, tried to raise the question of the unification of Buryatia. They demanded that the Buryats be declared a repressed people. The
261:
Historian Rajana Dugarova was among those who actively resisted regional consolidation. In 2006, she was arrested while picketing the Congress of the Buryat People, which was held in the building of the Buryat Drama Theater in Ulan-Ude. An administrative case was brought against Dugarova as the
265:
On April 15, 2016, the Committee of the People's Khural of Buryatia issued a resolution on recommendations to the Ministry of Health, as well as the Ministry of Social Protection of Buryatia and other relevant agencies to change support measures and, if possible, to “equalize” the benefits of
177:
In the early 1920s the Buryat-Mongols created autonomous regions and united into a single Buryat-Mongol ASSR. In the young republic, Buryats held all key positions in the government, but in the early 1930s, a wave of Soviet repression against Buryat intellectuals and party figures began. This
217:
Having disbanded and disarmed the Buryat-Mongol Cavalry Brigade, the Soviet leadership ordered the extermination of more than 10,000 representatives of the nation: politicians of all branches of government, scientists, teachers, engineers, most of whom were exiled to the
146:
During the conquest of the region by Tsarist Russia in the 17th century, some Buryats were forced to move to Mongolia. The second notable wave of Buryat immigration occurred as a result of mass resettlement in the late 19th - first third of the 20th century.
170:, the Starobryadniks and others, actively persecuted the local population on ethnic and religious grounds, in particular, physically eliminating their leaders, and also attempting to mass mobilize the male population of Buryat-Mongolia.
173:
On New Year's Eve 1919–1920, Ataman Semyonov killed Mikhail Bogdanov, a leader and fighter for the rights of the Buryat people, and the chairman of the Buryat National Committee - the government of Buryat-Mongol Ulas.
262:
organizer of the protest action. She was then accused of “radicalism” and “nationalism” in the local media. Eventually, fearing for her freedom and safety, Dugarova was forced to emigrate.
243:
In 1958, the Buryat-Mongol ASSR became simply the Buryat ASSR, as the Communist Party tried to separate the Buryats from Mongolia as much as possible, fearing “pan-Mongolian” sentiments.
196:
USSR amounted to 237,501 people. In the 1920-30s, as a result of collectivization, thousands of “raskulats” were exiled to the north of the Krasnoyarsk region, to the Turukhan tundra.
770:
246:
In the 1970s - 1980s, the first secretary of the Buryat regional party committee, Andrei Modogoev, ordered to remove the teaching of the Buryat language from the school program.
222:
or shot. Many prominent Buddhist teachers, world-class doctors of Buddhist philosophy, keepers of Eastern teachings were also killed; even lama healers were repressed.
702:
258:
went unnoticed. However, in Buryatia itself, the consolidation of regions was accompanied by protest rallies and harassment of local activists by security forces.
240:
In total in Buryatia, according to some data, in 30–50 years of the last century more than 20 thousand people suffered from repressions, 6 thousand were shot.
784:
494:
446:
626:
813:
477:
818:
270:
Buryat diaspora in New York pickets the UN headquarters with flags of Buryatia and slogans demanding “to stop the genocide of Buryats”.
511:
460:
233:
In the course of repressions, many representatives of the Buryat elite: scientists, writers, poets, and art masters were exterminated.
192:, a Buryat by ethnicity. The “Lkhumbe case” then had a loud name - “Exposing the escaped ‘White Guards’ from the October Revolution”.
544:"The All-Buryat Congress for the Spiritual Rebirth and Consolidation of the Nation: Siberian politics in the final year of the USSR"
640:
427:
400:
321:
266:“rehabilitated” and “victims of repression”. The resolution was not taken into consideration by the Russian authorities.
716:
823:
290:
185:
103:
358:
70:
671:
575:
528:
120:
808:
771:"The speech by Marina Khankhalaeva (Buryatia) at a meeting with deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine"
230:
version, was the 1st Secretary of the Regional Committee Mikhey Yerbanov, who was arrested back in 1937.
751:"The independence of Buryatia is a question of people's survival. Speech in the European Parliament"
717:"Хотим прекращения войны в Украине и возвращения оккупированных территорий, – активист из Бурятии"
338:
803:
703:"ECMI Minorities Blog. How Moscow 'Eliminates' Its National Minorities in the War with Ukraine"
199:
181:
74:
654:
688:
417:
203:
152:
85:
40:
8:
733:
750:
188:. The campaign began with a prominent party statesman of the Mongolian People's Party,
136:
423:
396:
317:
30:
189:
555:
124:
734:"Домохозяйка из США организовала национальное сепаратистское движение в Бурятии"
447:"The descendants of Buryat migrants in Mongolia have no feelings towards Russia"
159:
128:
627:"Mortality rates from the Ukraine war are highest in Russia's poorest regions"
797:
560:
543:
207:
140:
641:"Buryatia and the High Toll of Russia's War in Ukraine on Ethnic Minorities"
478:""Их Хэлмэгдуулэлт" - "Великие репрессии" в отношении бурятских эмигрантов"
132:
592:
495:"Свидетельства о репрессиях лам обнародовал Государственный архив Бурятии"
390:
311:
672:""Бросают на убой". Этнограф Раджана Дугар-Де Понте о мобилизации бурят"
392:
People of the Border: The Destiny of the Shenehen Buryats Marina Baldano
376:
313:
People of the Border: The Destiny of the Shenehen Buryats Marina Baldano
81:
785:"Ethnic Minorities Hit Hardest By Russia's Mobilization, Activists Say"
226:
case. At the head of this “anti-Soviet organization”, according to the
155:, Mikhail Bogdanov and other leaders of the Buryat National Committee.
340:Э.-Д. Ринчино и национально - государственное строительство в Бурятии
609:
167:
163:
755:
35:
395:. OBP collection. Open Book Publishers. 2012. pp. 183–198.
377:"Residual Russian Empire, Disguised as Federation, Under Threat"
316:. OBP collection. Open Book Publishers. 2012. pp. 183–198.
359:"The Buryats Who Fled Soviet Russia And Now Thrive In Mongolia"
291:"Осевшие в Монголии после бегства из СССР. Буряты в селе Дадал"
461:"Репрессии в Бурятии: сфабрикованные дела НКВД в 1930-е годы"
219:
512:"B Бypятии жepтвaми peпpeccий cтaли бoлee 20 тыcяч чeлoвeк"
227:
254:
while in Buryatia almost all of them have been canceled.
419:Присоединение Бурятии к России: история, право, политика
593:""В Кремле не хотят, чтобы мы осознали свое единство""
357:
Pronina, Karina; Baikala, Lyudi (30 November 2023).
151:not recognize it, despite the fourfold appeal of
795:
610:"Репрессии в Бурятии: судьбы, лагеря и могилы"
356:
29:It has been suggested that this article be
84:. Please do not remove this message until
559:
104:Learn how and when to remove this message
415:
80:Relevant discussion may be found on the
541:
814:Genocide of indigenous peoples in Asia
796:
529:"The scale of Soviet political terror"
819:Forced migration in the Soviet Union
54:
15:
13:
336:
127:, mass forced resettlement by the
14:
835:
210:and espionage in favor of Japan.
158:The Russians, represented by the
59:
20:
777:
763:
743:
726:
709:
695:
681:
664:
647:
633:
619:
602:
585:
568:
535:
521:
504:
487:
470:
363:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
453:
439:
409:
383:
369:
350:
330:
304:
283:
1:
277:
7:
548:Journal of Eurasian Studies
416:Владимир, Хамутаев (2012).
86:conditions to do so are met
46:Proposed since August 2024.
10:
840:
422:. ARAMNG. pp. 78–79.
689:"Putin's Other Genocides"
655:"Границы – это для царей"
542:Chakars, Melissa (2020).
824:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
561:10.1177/1879366520902863
200:Alexander Solzhenitsyn
182:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
204:The Gulag Archipelago
787:. 27 September 2022.
674:. 27 September 2022.
160:White Guard movement
153:Elbegdorzho Rinchino
809:History of Buryatia
379:. 17 December 2022.
343:. pp. 109–120.
202:wrote in his book “
73:of this article is
759:. 31 January 2023.
449:. 11 January 2024.
137:Russian Federation
629:. 5 January 2023.
429:978-5-8200-0251-9
402:978-2-8218-5405-5
337:Лариса, Жабаева.
323:978-2-8218-5405-5
114:
113:
106:
53:
52:
48:
831:
789:
788:
781:
775:
774:
767:
761:
760:
747:
741:
740:
737:
730:
724:
723:
720:
719:. 27 April 2023.
713:
707:
706:
699:
693:
692:
685:
679:
678:
675:
668:
662:
661:
658:
651:
645:
644:
637:
631:
630:
623:
617:
616:
613:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:. 23 April 2018.
589:
583:
582:
579:
572:
566:
565:
563:
539:
533:
532:
525:
519:
518:
515:
508:
502:
501:
498:
491:
485:
484:
481:
474:
468:
467:
464:
457:
451:
450:
443:
437:
436:
433:
413:
407:
406:
387:
381:
380:
373:
367:
366:
354:
348:
347:
344:
334:
328:
327:
308:
302:
301:
298:
297:. December 2023.
287:
125:ethnic cleansing
109:
102:
98:
95:
89:
63:
62:
55:
44:
24:
23:
16:
839:
838:
834:
833:
832:
830:
829:
828:
794:
793:
792:
783:
782:
778:
773:. 16 July 2023.
769:
768:
764:
749:
748:
744:
738:
732:
731:
727:
721:
715:
714:
710:
701:
700:
696:
691:. 12 June 2023.
687:
686:
682:
676:
670:
669:
665:
659:
653:
652:
648:
639:
638:
634:
625:
624:
620:
614:
608:
607:
603:
597:
591:
590:
586:
580:
574:
573:
569:
540:
536:
527:
526:
522:
516:
510:
509:
505:
499:
493:
492:
488:
482:
476:
475:
471:
465:
459:
458:
454:
445:
444:
440:
434:
430:
414:
410:
403:
389:
388:
384:
375:
374:
370:
355:
351:
345:
335:
331:
324:
310:
309:
305:
299:
289:
288:
284:
280:
214:its territory.
135:and the modern
117:Buryat Genocide
110:
99:
93:
90:
79:
64:
60:
49:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
837:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
791:
790:
776:
762:
742:
725:
708:
694:
680:
663:
646:
632:
618:
601:
584:
567:
534:
520:
503:
486:
469:
452:
438:
428:
408:
401:
382:
368:
349:
329:
322:
303:
281:
279:
276:
129:Russian Empire
112:
111:
67:
65:
58:
51:
50:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
836:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Buryat people
802:
801:
799:
786:
780:
772:
766:
758:
757:
752:
746:
735:
729:
718:
712:
704:
698:
690:
684:
673:
667:
656:
650:
642:
636:
628:
622:
611:
605:
594:
588:
577:
571:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
538:
530:
524:
513:
507:
496:
490:
479:
473:
462:
456:
448:
442:
431:
425:
421:
420:
412:
404:
398:
394:
393:
386:
378:
372:
364:
360:
353:
342:
341:
333:
325:
319:
315:
314:
307:
296:
295:Радио Азаттык
292:
286:
282:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
229:
223:
221:
215:
211:
209:
208:pan-Mongolism
205:
201:
197:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
148:
144:
142:
141:Buryat people
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
108:
105:
97:
87:
83:
77:
76:
72:
66:
57:
56:
47:
42:
38:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
779:
765:
754:
745:
739:(in Russian)
728:
722:(in Russian)
711:
697:
683:
677:(in Russian)
666:
660:(in Russian)
649:
635:
621:
615:(in Russian)
604:
598:(in Russian)
587:
581:(in Russian)
570:
551:
547:
537:
523:
517:(in Russian)
506:
500:(in Russian)
489:
483:(in Russian)
472:
466:(in Russian)
455:
441:
435:(in Russian)
418:
411:
391:
385:
371:
362:
352:
346:(in Russian)
339:
332:
312:
306:
300:(in Russian)
294:
285:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
224:
216:
212:
198:
194:
180:
176:
172:
157:
149:
145:
139:against the
133:Soviet Union
116:
115:
100:
91:
69:
45:
34:
121:repressions
798:Categories
278:References
186:repression
71:neutrality
554:: 62–71.
94:June 2024
82:talk page
576:"Буряты"
168:Cossacks
164:Red Army
75:disputed
756:YouTube
190:Lkhumbe
41:Discuss
36:Buryats
426:
399:
320:
166:, the
162:, the
131:, the
31:merged
220:Gulag
33:into
424:ISBN
397:ISBN
318:ISBN
228:NKVD
68:The
556:doi
39:. (
800::
753:.
552:11
550:.
546:.
361:.
293:.
143:.
123:,
119:-
736:.
705:.
657:.
643:.
612:.
578:.
564:.
558::
531:.
514:.
497:.
480:.
463:.
432:.
405:.
365:.
326:.
107:)
101:(
96:)
92:(
88:.
78:.
43:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.