289:, came under especially heavy suspicion and Soviet advisers effectively used the investigation to eliminate their influence within Mongolia. In all, several hundred persons were arrested and interrogated, 56 of whom were ultimately executed (including chairman of the state supreme court J. Gonchigsuren, former chairman of the Security Directorate, N. Hayanhyarvaa, and D. Dungarjid, a pregnant woman). 260 were jailed for three to ten years and 126 were sent to the
256:, destroyed the monastery where the rebellion had originated, and ordered the immediate execution of 54 of the 204 insurgents that were captured. Government forces, with the assistance of Soviet tanks and aircraft, slowly brought the rebellion under control by the end of summer 1932. Lkhümbe returned to Ulaanbaatar where he was elected First Secretary of the MPRP Central Committee on July 30, 1932.
308:
agents in interrogating and torturing fellow
Mongolians as part of the investigation raised his status in Soviet eyes and led to his later being made Mongolia's leader. Prime Ministers Genden and Amar would eventually be accused of participating in the Lkhümbe conspiracy, purged, and executed. (Amar
264:
Believing the rebellion had been supported in part by the
Japanese, Soviet and MPRP leaders grew increasingly alarmed over Japanese intrigue in Mongolia. Hysteria was further stoked in the spring of 1933 when security officials believed they had uncovered a Japanese supported plot to overthrow the
172:
from July 30, 1932, to June 30, 1933. Lkhümbe was arrested in 1933 and accused of being the ringleader of a counterrevolutionary group conspiring to turn
Mongolia into a Japanese protectorate. The ensuing "Lkhümbe Affair" resulted in the purge of numerous high-ranking politicians and military
273:. D. Namsrai, head of the Security Directorate, and his Soviet advisers responded swiftly by establishing a special commission to investigate. When suspects fingered Lkhümbe as the leader of the conspiratorial group, (likely encouraged to do so by their Soviet interrogators), party leader
59:
70:
284:
Continuing arrests, interrogations, and torture of suspects revealed an ever-widening circle of conspirators, including high-ranking government officials and military officers. Buryat-Mongols, whom the
Soviets distrusted as
325:
Lkhümbe maintained his innocence in the face of intense interrogation by Soviet agents in
Ulaanbaatar and later in Moscow. After his return to Mongolia in January 1934, he allegedly "conceded" his crimes to Party Secretary
510:
169:
550:
265:
government. The "proof", however, was a letter, forged by one low level party functionary to falsely implicate another of collaborating with
Japanese spies in the rural
543:
309:
would earn Stalin's ire for pardoning many of those arrested in the investigation in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the revolution in 1936). Prime
Minister
296:
The case would have lasting repercussions in
Mongolia and served as a rehearsal for the even more violent purges that would take place between 1937 and 1939.
201:(1926-1927) he then became the school's director in 1928. Lkhümbe was one of several younger, more radicalized party members from rural areas (others included
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241:
from 1929 to 1930. In 1930 he became
Chairman of the Central Council of Trade Unions and was elected to the Presidium of the MPRP Central Committee.
759:
238:
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330:
and
Namsrai. He was sentenced to death by the Security Directorate's Special Commission on June 25, 1934, and shot on June 30, 1934.
304:
were called to Moscow in 1934 to answer questions about their possible involvement. Choibalsan's enthusiastic cooperation with
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164:; 1902 – June 30, 1934) was member of the Presidium (or Politburo) of the Central Committee of the
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233:. In 1929 Lkhümbe joined the Internal Security Directorate but soon thereafter departed for
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General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
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In April 1932, Lkhümbe headed a plenipotentiary commission that brutally suppressed an
177:-Mongols. He was found guilty on June 25, 1934, and he was executed on June 30, 1934.
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221:) recruited by the Soviets in the late 1920s to challenge the MRPR "old guard" of
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General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party
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were posthumously connected to the case in 1934 and 1937 respectively.
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officers, with particular emphasis placed on the persecution of
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197:. After receiving training at the MPRP Party School in
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358:. London: Kegan Paul International Ltd. pp.
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387:. Cambridge: Monsudar Publishing. p. 284.
239:Communist University of the Toilers of the East
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170:First Secretary of the MPRP Central Committee
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293:. Of those persecuted, 251 were Buryats.
412:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 118.
252:. Lkhümbe's troops torched the town of
185:Lkhümbe was born in 1902 in present-day
561:Leaders of the Mongolian People's Party
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168:(MPRP) from 1930 to 1933 and served as
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166:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
141:Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party
83:July 30, 1932 – June 30, 1933
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760:Mongolian People's Party politicians
13:
14:
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410:Historical Dictionary of Mongolia
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770:People from Övörkhangai Province
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515:July 30, 1932 - June 30, 1933
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354:The Modern History of Mongolia
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333:He was rehabilitated in 1962.
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727:indicate acting officeholders
408:Sanders, Alan J. K. (1996).
7:
10:
791:
714:Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
669:Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon
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775:Executed Mongolian people
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699:Ölziisaikhany Enkhtüvshin
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281:consented to his arrest.
269:district of northeastern
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227:Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
628:Khas-Ochiryn Luvsandorj
603:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
504:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
275:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
215:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
94:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
623:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
521:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
328:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
302:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
298:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
106:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
765:Communism in Mongolia
709:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
633:Banzarjavyn Baasanjav
350:Bawden, C.R. (1989).
311:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
203:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
755:Mongolian communists
704:Miyeegombyn Enkhbold
694:Sükhbaataryn Batbold
684:Miyeegombyn Enkhbold
643:Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
486:Sanders 1996, p. 114
223:Balingiin Tserendorj
191:Övörkhangai Province
679:Natsagiin Bagabandi
664:Gombojavyn Ochirbat
477:Baabar 1999, p. 329
468:Baabar 1999, p. 328
459:Baabar 1999, p. 328
450:Baabar 1999, p. 332
432:Baabar 1999, p. 314
385:History of Mongolia
277:and Prime Minister
674:Nambaryn Enkhbayar
315:Gelegdorjiin Demid
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250:Khövsgöl Province
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246:armed insurgency
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207:Ölziin Badrakh
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162:Жамбын Лхүмбэ
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132:June 30, 1934
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50:Жамбын Лхүмбэ
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657:1990–present
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313:and Marshal
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231:Anandyn Amar
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101:Succeeded by
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29:
25:
750:1934 deaths
745:1902 births
199:Ulaanbaatar
193:in central
143:(1926–1934)
89:Preceded by
38:family name
739:Categories
441:Baabar 315
394:9992900385
189:district,
34:patronymic
22:given name
569:1921–1990
158:Mongolian
79:In office
254:Rashaant
195:Mongolia
36:, not a
16:In this
725:Italics
26:Lkhümbe
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391:
366:
235:Moscow
229:, and
217:, and
181:Career
175:Buryat
30:Jambyn
20:, the
337:Notes
321:Death
267:Dadal
32:is a
414:ISBN
389:ISBN
364:ISBN
306:NKVD
300:and
291:USSR
129:Died
124:1902
121:Born
360:338
248:in
24:is
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