2419:
260:
1699:. In late 1921, the Turkestani People's Commissariat of Education ordered that schools for Bukharian Jews to teach in Bukharian and not in Hebrew. In Uzbekistan in 1934, 15 Bukharian Jewish clubs and 28 Bukharian Jewish red teahouses existed. However, in 1938, Bukharian was no longer used as the language for instruction in the schools and in cultural activities.
1657:. Samarkand and Bukhara are two cities in Uzbekistan which are particularly densely populated by Tajik speakers, among whom were tens of thousands of Bukharan Jews in the 19th to 20th centuries. (In modern times, the dialects spoken by the few remaining Jews in these cities barely differ, if at all, from their non-Jewish counterparts.)
1683:
from 1940 onwards. The Hebrew alphabet fell further into disuse outside of Hebrew liturgy when the
Bukharian Jewish schools were closed in Central Asia and Bukharian Jewish publications, such as books and newspapers, began to appear using the Cyrillic alphabet. Today, many older Bukharian Jews who
1714:
Among some
Bukharian Jewish youth, especially in the New York City area, there has been a revival of using the Bukharian Jewish language written in a modified Latin alphabet similar to the one developed by Bukharian Jewish linguist and writer, Yakub Kalontarov. Today, youth learning the Bukharian
1710:
society established in
Tajikistan and headed by Professor Datkhaev (Datkhaev emigrated to the US in 1992). The main organizational supporter for Bukharian Jewish culture today is the World Bukharian Jewish Congress, which aims to teach and spread awareness of the history, culture, language, and
1752:
In 1930, changes were made to the alphabet: capital letters were introduced, the letter ә̦ was eliminated, and the letter Ů ů was introduced. At a spelling conference in August 1934, the letter Ⱨ ⱨ was removed from the alphabet and the letter Ů ů was replaced by Ū ū. On
February 5, 1935, this
1722:
since 2010, marking the first time that
Bukhori has been taught in an American university. The classes are taught by Bukharian adjunct professor Imanuel Rybakov. Rybakov has also authored a guide to learning the Bukharian language for English speakers.
1648:
In 1987, the total number of speakers was 85,000. In the USSR, there were 45,000 speakers; in Israel, there were 32,000; and in all other countries combined, there were 3,000. Ethnic Tajik minorities exist in many countries, such as
1706:. One significant attempt was the establishment of a council for Bukharian Jewish literature in the Uzbekistan Writers’ Union, headed by Aharon Shalamaev-Fidoi (who emigrated to Israel in 1991). Another significant attempt was the
2529:
The term 'the Jewish dialect of Tajik' is often used interchangeably with such terms as Judeo-Tadzhik, Judeo-Tajik, Bukhori, Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan, Bukharian, and
Bukharit (Cooper 2012:284) in the
3288:
1784:А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ғ ғ, Ӣ ӣ, Қ қ, Ӯ ӯ, Ҳ ҳ, Ҷ ҷ
1664:
remaining in
Uzbekistan and surrounding areas, although most of its speakers reside elsewhere, predominantly in Israel (approximately 50,000 speakers) and the United States.
1796:
A a, B в, C c, Ch ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, Gh gh, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u, U' u', V v, X x, Y y, Yi yi, Z z, Zh zh'
2869:
2864:
1684:
speak
Bukharian only know the Cyrillic alphabet when reading and writing Bukharian. The origin of its respective spelling system is Talmudic orthography.
3690:
1761:
A a, B в, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ƣ ƣ, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ū ū, V v, X x, Z z, Ƶ ƶ, Ә ә
2744:
2854:
2837:
2659:
1692:
1284:
4737:
3326:
3293:
3262:
1719:
1397:
1735:(called Eastern Rashi in writing and square script in printing). From 1928 to 1940, the written Bukharian language in the USSR used the
3943:
3252:
2921:
1599:
Historically, Bukharian was spoken by Jews in
Central Asia. The language classification of Bukharian is as follows: Indo-European >
1342:
1523:
1387:
4742:
3278:
1711:
literature of the
Bukharian Jews. Based on the Soviet census of 1979, 20% more Central Asian Jews spoke Russian than Bukharian.
4118:
2894:
4093:
2489:
4108:
4103:
3283:
2460:
Bukharan Jews spoke a dialect of Tajik referred to as Bukhori or Judeo-Tajik, which is still used by Bukharan Jews today.
1696:
1675:. But throughout the past century, due to the influence of various empires and ideologies, Bukhori was written using the
3257:
2817:
4649:
2706:
2643:
460:
4747:
2586:
4163:
3319:
1742:
The first version of the Latin alphabet for the language was compiled in April 1928 and had the following order:
1066:
3936:
2914:
2673:
128:
3359:
4727:
4688:
1430:
1337:
1289:
1115:
1105:
4518:
4113:
4098:
3364:
2946:
1516:
1375:
226:
2803:
4682:
4203:
2954:
1435:
1163:
379:
1071:
4732:
4168:
4078:
3312:
1046:
442:
404:
374:
1311:
4072:
4067:
3929:
3762:
3599:
3374:
3231:
3015:
2907:
1471:
1425:
546:
399:
389:
123:
2601:
2418:
1753:
decision was legalized by order No. 112 of the People's Commissariat of Education of the Uzbek SSR.
4381:
4349:
2879:
2874:
769:
345:
31:
2507:"The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift"
4495:
4396:
4244:
4054:
3827:
3354:
3205:
3070:
1572:
1509:
1496:
1294:
644:
352:
340:
108:
17:
2603:
The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift
3349:
3005:
2962:
1600:
1476:
1370:
1206:
1110:
1003:
829:
556:
418:
113:
1715:
Jewish language sponsored by the Achdut-Unity Club in Queens use the modified Latin alphabet.
4692:
4678:
4225:
4178:
4158:
4151:
4141:
4136:
4128:
3960:
3908:
3178:
3025:
2558:
814:
447:
437:
430:
1120:
1088:
4639:
4590:
4422:
3745:
3685:
3479:
2938:
1201:
1130:
1125:
1056:
724:
714:
1766:
Currently, printed literature in the Bukharian Judeo-Tajik dialect is published mainly in
1051:
8:
4629:
4183:
4173:
3901:
3443:
3396:
3193:
1081:
1036:
839:
764:
452:
359:
4564:
4556:
4470:
4416:
4291:
4253:
4219:
4146:
3816:
3793:
3783:
3530:
3416:
3226:
3115:
2831:
2738:
2653:
2338:
1332:
1259:
1061:
1008:
744:
684:
654:
586:
541:
504:
494:
425:
4456:
1633:, as well as smaller numbers of loanwords from other surrounding languages, including
218:
4659:
4645:
4611:
4477:
3808:
3788:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3614:
3583:
3541:
3472:
3421:
3391:
3335:
3132:
3010:
2813:
2702:
2639:
2485:
1767:
1756:
As a result, the later version of the Soviet Latin alphabet had the following order:
1680:
1623:
1604:
1440:
1269:
1147:
1041:
1025:
903:
784:
581:
369:
118:
4619:
4576:
4571:
4560:
4539:
4528:
4484:
4301:
4266:
4229:
4085:
4062:
4015:
3952:
3837:
3822:
3798:
3733:
3673:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3577:
3485:
3426:
3411:
3236:
3188:
3099:
3055:
3033:
2930:
2518:
1718:
Classes on Bukharian Jewish history and the Bukhori language are also available at
1668:
1638:
1612:
1588:
1466:
1380:
1327:
1076:
893:
734:
603:
511:
409:
394:
335:
295:
272:
133:
4635:
4625:
4615:
4402:
4320:
4281:
4040:
4035:
4020:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3969:
3778:
3750:
3740:
3698:
3641:
3636:
3505:
3500:
3448:
3383:
3210:
3183:
3148:
3094:
3089:
3065:
3038:
2477:
2473:
1732:
1672:
1642:
1627:
1584:
1583:. It is a Jewish dialect derived from—and largely mutually intelligible with—the
1392:
1322:
1264:
1216:
1095:
998:
861:
649:
576:
521:
516:
384:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
300:
283:
178:
174:
100:
231:
4708:
4439:
4429:
4390:
4325:
4030:
4025:
3897:
3855:
3842:
3557:
3546:
3495:
3438:
3432:
3406:
3401:
3200:
3048:
2978:
2859:
1771:
1736:
1702:
Attempts were made to bring about a revival of Bukharian Jewish culture in the
1676:
1634:
1616:
1491:
1414:
948:
679:
639:
482:
472:
305:
251:
243:
167:
138:
2889:
2884:
2616:
2523:
2506:
4721:
4670:
4586:
4533:
4523:
4513:
4409:
4339:
4312:
4214:
4209:
3999:
3803:
3757:
3678:
3568:
3551:
3162:
3125:
3120:
3075:
3060:
2809:
2406:
1576:
1211:
968:
898:
694:
689:
669:
664:
566:
551:
290:
81:
2759:
Rezoljutsijaji konferentsijaji dujumi orfografijaji zaвoni jahudihoji mahali
1691:
wanted Hebrew to be the language of culture and instruction for Jews in the
4463:
1703:
1608:
1580:
1279:
1274:
1190:
704:
629:
571:
364:
182:
202:
4655:
4449:
4331:
3848:
2986:
2970:
1650:
1173:
928:
729:
709:
71:
4582:
3523:
3289:
List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language
2411:
1688:
1654:
1248:
1168:
963:
938:
739:
719:
619:
67:
63:
2701:. New York: The Association of the Bukharian Jewish Youth of the USA.
2456:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture
259:
4508:
4357:
4306:
4286:
3705:
3080:
2484:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 530–545.
2343:
883:
624:
536:
211:
195:
3304:
27:
Jewish dialect derived from the Tajik branch of the Persian language
4362:
3921:
3658:
2899:
2781:
2762:
2730:
1630:
1158:
993:
953:
923:
878:
809:
499:
4199:
3154:
4434:
4367:
4296:
4262:
3878:
3510:
3465:
2724:
1231:
1221:
973:
958:
908:
844:
789:
759:
659:
561:
531:
489:
477:
467:
1770:. Some works also use the Latin alphabet, which is close to the
3663:
3517:
3490:
2890:
Grisha Abramov Bukharian Jews Miami speech in Bukhoric Bukharan
2823:
1226:
1100:
988:
983:
918:
913:
888:
868:
849:
834:
799:
794:
774:
754:
749:
674:
634:
526:
2674:"Saving Bukharian Jewish History – CUNY Radio Podcasts – CUNY"
1747:
a в d ә l n s r k m h t u x ş f p g o v z ⱨ ƣ q e c ç i j ә̦ ƶ
4271:
1359:
978:
933:
873:
819:
804:
699:
2454:
Ehrlich, M. Avrum, ed. (2009). "Caucasus and Central Asia".
3832:
3043:
2699:
Easy Bukharian: Study Guide: Language of the Bukharian Jews
854:
824:
779:
614:
2540:
2538:
1661:
943:
2535:
2442:
Bukharan Jews: history, language, literature, culture.
1660:
Today, the language is spoken by approximately 10,000
2784:: Naşrijoti Gosudarstvogiji Taәlimi Pedagogiji ŪzSSR.
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
1641:. The vocabulary includes lexical items of Persian,
2482:Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/5: Brick–Burial II
2425:
4719:
2775:
2801:
2588:A late 19th-century Uzbek text in Hebrew script
1565:
1558:
1552:
3937:
3320:
2915:
1517:
2743:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2617:"Bukhori (бухорӣ / בוכארי / بخاری) language"
3263:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
3944:
3930:
3327:
3313:
3253:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
2922:
2908:
2836:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2725:A. Sajidůf, P. Aвramůf, M. Aminůf (1932).
2658:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1524:
1510:
2522:
1553:
93:117,840 in all countries (2018–2019)
2720:
2718:
2444:Israel: World Bukharian Jewish Congress.
3279:List of English words of Persian origin
2696:
2453:
14:
4720:
1594:
3925:
3334:
3308:
2903:
2805:Бухарские евреи в круговороте истории
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2727:Lotinizatsija вajni jahudihoji вuxori
2715:
2633:
3951:
2929:
2895:Torah Lectures in Bukharian Language
2471:
3284:List of French loanwords in Persian
2765:: Naşrijoti «Bajroqi mihnat». 1935.
2504:
1575:dialect historically spoken by the
24:
4738:Endangered Indo-European languages
3907:Languages between parentheses are
3258:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
2788:
2400:
1726:
25:
4759:
2848:
2733:: Naşrijoti davlatiji Ůzвakiston.
1671:, Bukhori traditionally used the
3881:(unknown further classification)
2417:
1731:Bukharian historically used the
1697:Bukhara People's Soviet Republic
258:
2769:
2751:
2690:
2666:
2627:
2609:
2594:
2579:
2546:Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft.
1559:
1285:List of Jews in the visual arts
4743:Jews and Judaism in Uzbekistan
3911:of the language on their left.
3294:Persian language in South Asia
2566:
2551:
2498:
2465:
2447:
2356:
1398:Jewish athletes and Yom Kippur
13:
1:
4689:Algerian Jewish Sign Language
2393:
1679:in the 1920s and 1930s, then
1290:List of Jewish film directors
2860:Endangered Languages Project
2638:. Tel Aviv. pp. 69–70.
2474:"BUKHARA vii. Bukharan Jews"
1687:Early in the Soviet period,
1645:, Uzbek, and Hebrew origin.
1611:> Southwest Iranian >
1566:
7:
2865:Noni padar (Father's bread)
2511:Journal of Jewish Languages
2332:
10:
4764:
4079:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
3206:Romanized Persian alphabet
2544:Birnbaum, Salomo A. 2011.
2458:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1124.
1778:Current Cyrillic alphabet:
1388:Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
29:
4702:
4669:
4604:
4549:
4494:
4380:
4348:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4192:
4127:
4053:
4008:
3977:
3968:
3959:
3888:
3871:
3771:
3607:
3598:
3457:
3382:
3373:
3342:
3271:
3245:
3232:Middle Persian literature
3219:
3171:
3141:
3108:
3024:
3016:Western Iranian languages
2998:
2937:
2776:B. N. Muloqandūv (1939).
2697:Rybakov, Imanuel (2012).
2524:10.1163/22134638-12340078
1626:, with a large number of
461:Jewish diaspora languages
225:
209:
193:
188:
164:
97:
87:
77:
59:
45:
44:
39:
4519:Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
2802:Роберт Пинхасов (2020).
2349:
32:Bukhara (disambiguation)
4748:Languages of Uzbekistan
4650:Portuguese-based Creole
1790:Current Latin alphabet:
1497:Category:Jewish culture
1295:Jews in American cinema
3026:Dialects and varieties
3006:Indo-Iranian languages
2560:Tamerlane and the Jews
2472:Zand, Michael (1989).
1371:List of Jews in sports
4693:village sign language
4679:Israeli Sign Language
3179:Old Persian cuneiform
2982:(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)
2557:Michael Shterenshis,
2440:Tolmas, Chana. 2006.
1693:Republic of Turkestan
4728:Judeo-Tajik dialects
4169:Judaeo-Tripolitanian
3902:historical languages
2812:. pp. 124–126.
2634:Tomas, Ḣano (2006).
2576:E.C.: LINCOM EUROPA.
2548:Germany: De Gruyter.
2505:Ido, Shinji (2017).
1720:Queens College, CUNY
1622:Bukhori is based on
1376:Association football
715:Crossing the Red Sea
30:For other uses, see
4529:Judeo-Yazdi–Kermani
3194:Persian calligraphy
2947:Proto-Indo-European
2880:More Music Examples
2855:Learn Basic Bukhori
2600:Ido, Shinji. 2017.
2585:Ido, Shinji. 2017.
2572:Ido, Shinji. 2007.
1803:
1595:General information
765:Gathering of Israel
443:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4557:Jewish Koine Greek
4417:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4164:Judaeo-Palestinian
4009:Reading traditions
3227:Persian literature
2974:(c. 525 – 300 BCE)
2955:Proto-Indo-Iranian
2339:Emirate of Bukhara
1802:Comparative table
1801:
1333:Biblical cosmology
1260:Ancient Jewish art
1009:Valley of the ants
745:Conquest of Canaan
685:Sodom and Gomorrah
4733:Dialects of Tajik
4715:
4714:
4709:extinct languages
4646:Judaeo-Papiamento
4600:
4599:
4478:Judaeo-Portuguese
4376:
4375:
4239:
4238:
4049:
4048:
3919:
3918:
3867:
3866:
3594:
3593:
3336:Iranian languages
3302:
3301:
3157:
3109:Language features
3011:Iranian languages
2999:Language families
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2491:978-0-71009-128-4
2415:(25th ed., 2022)
2330:
2329:
1624:Classical Persian
1551:, Hebrew script:
1534:
1533:
1426:Ancient Israelite
1270:Judeo-Tat theatre
785:David and Goliath
237:
236:
16:(Redirected from
4755:
4626:Judaeo-Malayalam
4540:Judeo-Golpaygani
4485:Judaeo-Aragonese
4403:Judaeo-Livornese
4259:
4258:
4250:
4249:
3975:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3953:Jewish languages
3946:
3939:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3763:Zoroastrian Dari
3605:
3604:
3380:
3379:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3237:Tajik literature
3189:Persian alphabet
3153:
3034:Standard Persian
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2931:Persian language
2924:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2827:
2822:. Archived from
2799:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2621:www.omniglot.com
2613:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2478:Yarshater, Ehsan
2469:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2404:
2387:
2360:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1785:
1762:
1748:
1669:Jewish languages
1653:, Pakistan, and
1619:> Bukharian.
1589:Persian language
1569:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1539:, also known as
1526:
1519:
1512:
735:Ten Commandments
262:
239:
238:
221:
205:
198:
170:
103:
51:
47:
37:
36:
21:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4698:
4665:
4636:Judaeo-Georgian
4596:
4545:
4490:
4457:Judeo-Provençal
4372:
4344:
4235:
4188:
4179:Judaeo-Tunisian
4159:Judaeo-Moroccan
4152:Judaeo-Baghdadi
4142:Judaeo-Egyptian
4137:Judaeo-Algerian
4123:
4114:Lishanid Noshan
4045:
4004:
3955:
3950:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3884:
3863:
3767:
3590:
3453:
3369:
3338:
3333:
3303:
3298:
3267:
3241:
3215:
3211:Persian Braille
3184:Pahlavi scripts
3167:
3149:Persian grammar
3137:
3104:
3066:Kuwaiti Persian
3020:
2994:
2933:
2928:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2800:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2632:
2628:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2599:
2595:
2584:
2580:
2574:Bukharan Tajik.
2571:
2567:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2536:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2470:
2466:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2426:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2335:
1816:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1733:Hebrew alphabet
1729:
1727:Writing systems
1673:Hebrew alphabet
1597:
1530:
1501:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1461:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1420:
1419:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1393:Maccabiah Games
1365:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1265:Yiddish theatre
1254:
1253:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1196:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1121:Medieval Hebrew
1031:
1030:
1015:
1014:
1013:
862:Jewish folklore
650:Forbidden Fruit
609:
608:
593:
592:
591:
577:Judeo-Malayalam
385:Lishanid Noshan
278:
277:
217:
201:
194:
171:
166:
160:
104:
101:Language family
99:
90:
89:Native speakers
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4713:
4712:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4675:
4673:
4671:Sign languages
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4653:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4587:Judaeo-Marathi
4580:
4568:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4496:Judaeo-Iranian
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4430:Judaeo-Spanish
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4410:Judaeo-Mantuan
4406:
4397:Judaeo-Italian
4394:
4391:Judaeo-Catalan
4386:
4384:
4382:Judaeo-Romance
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4350:Jewish English
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4326:Judeo-Alsatian
4318:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4278:
4276:
4256:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4055:Judaeo-Aramaic
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3972:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:Middle Persian
3852:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3527:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3360:Middle Iranian
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Tajik alphabet
3198:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3172:Writing system
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2979:Middle Persian
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2885:Bukharian Poem
2882:
2877:
2875:Music Examples
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2849:External links
2847:
2844:
2843:
2826:on 2022-04-02.
2819:978-1936755110
2818:
2787:
2768:
2750:
2714:
2707:
2689:
2665:
2644:
2626:
2608:
2593:
2578:
2565:
2550:
2534:
2497:
2490:
2464:
2446:
2424:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2362:Also known as
2354:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1793:
1781:
1758:
1744:
1737:Latin alphabet
1728:
1725:
1677:Latin alphabet
1596:
1593:
1587:branch of the
1541:Judeo-Bukharic
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1492:Portal:Judaism
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1338:Mathematicians
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
680:Tower of Babel
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
640:Garden of Eden
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
600:
599:
598:
595:
594:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
508:
507:
497:
492:
487:
486:
485:
480:
470:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
438:Judeo-Moroccan
435:
434:
433:
431:Judeo-Baghdadi
415:
414:
413:
412:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
280:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
267:
264:
263:
255:
254:
252:Jewish culture
248:
247:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
215:
207:
206:
199:
191:
190:
189:Language codes
186:
185:
172:
168:Writing system
165:
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
107:
105:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:Native to
57:
56:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4760:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4534:Judeo-Kashani
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:Judeo-Shirazi
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:Judeo-Persian
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:Judaeo-French
4468:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4340:Scots-Yiddish
4338:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4313:Klezmer-loshn
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Indo-European
4242:
4231:
4227:
4226:Judaeo-Berber
4224:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4184:Judaeo-Yemeni
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:Judaeo-Syrian
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4129:Judaeo-Arabic
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:Caucasian Tat
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Proto-Iranian
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:Organizations
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3163:Tajik grammar
3161:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:Judeo-Persian
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2966:(c. 1500 BCE)
2964:
2963:Proto-Iranian
2961:
2958:(c. 2000 BCE)
2956:
2953:
2950:(c. 3000 BCE)
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2810:New York City
2807:
2806:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2708:9781936755004
2704:
2700:
2693:
2679:
2678:www1.cuny.edu
2675:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2647:
2645:9789657093467
2641:
2637:
2636:Bukharan Jews
2630:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:Judeo-Tadzhik
2365:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Bukharan Jews
1574:
1573:Judeo-Persian
1570:
1568:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1457:Other aspects
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Modern Hebrew
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:Jewish poetry
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
864:
863:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
695:Cain and Abel
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Gog and Magog
668:
666:
665:Promised Land
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Judeo-Marathi
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
432:
429:
428:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:Judeo-Aramaic
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
285:
274:
271:
270:
266:
265:
261:
257:
256:
253:
250:
249:
245:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
197:
192:
187:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
163:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:Indo-European
106:
102:
96:
92:
86:
83:
82:Bukharan Jews
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4704:
4656:Judaeo-Malay
4570:
4538:
4503:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4464:Judeo-Gascon
4462:
4455:
4448:
4423:Judaeo-Roman
4415:
4408:
4401:
4389:
4330:
4311:
4270:
4213:
4204:Ethiosemitic
4147:Judaeo-Iraqi
4109:Lishán Didán
4104:Lishana Deni
4084:
4077:
3893:
3854:
3847:
3815:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3646:
3624:
3576:
3567:
3556:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3431:
3272:Other topics
3082:
2824:the original
2804:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2753:
2726:
2698:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:
2668:
2635:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2528:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2481:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2441:
2410:
2402:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
1960:
1817:(Uzbekistan)
1794:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:Soviet Union
1701:
1686:
1666:
1659:
1647:
1621:
1609:West Iranian
1601:Indo-Iranian
1598:
1581:Central Asia
1564:
1557:, Cyrillic:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1477:Architecture
1275:Jewish dance
1164:Philosophers
1087:
1086:
860:
859:
705:Burning bush
645:Tree of Life
630:Adam and Eve
572:Judeo-Berber
458:
457:
419:Judeo-Arabic
417:
416:
370:Lishán Didán
365:Lishana Deni
351:
350:
282:
281:
210:
143:
129:Southwestern
114:Indo-Iranian
53:
4683:German Sign
4450:Judeo-Latin
4332:Lachoudisch
3961:Afroasiatic
3849:Old Persian
3686:Mazanderani
3480:Khwarezmian
3365:New Iranian
3355:Old Iranian
3081:Judeo-Tat (
2987:New Persian
2971:Old Persian
2530:literature.
2364:Judeo-Tajik
1695:and in the
1651:Afghanistan
1545:Judeo-Tajik
929:Baal Berith
730:Golden calf
725:Mount Sinai
710:Ten Plagues
587:Koiné Greek
505:Piedmontese
405:Palestinian
346:Palestinian
72:Afghanistan
4722:Categories
4640:Kartvelian
4591:Indo-Aryan
4583:Judeo-Urdu
3524:Sarghulami
3444:Yazghulami
3397:Ishkashimi
3220:Literature
3116:Vocabulary
2990:(from 800)
2683:2017-02-10
2412:Ethnologue
2394:References
1689:communists
1667:Like most
1655:Uzbekistan
1547:(autonym:
1343:Scientists
1169:Maimonides
1148:Philosophy
1106:Al-Andalus
1026:Literature
939:Bar Juchne
740:Tabernacle
720:The Exodus
690:Noah's Ark
655:Patriarchs
547:Golpaygani
341:Babylonian
68:Tajikistan
64:Uzbekistan
4707:indicate
4630:Dravidian
4509:Judeo-Tat
4358:Yeshivish
4307:Udmurtish
4302:Ukrainish
4287:Galitzish
4016:Ashkenazi
3909:varieties
3896:indicate
3817:Pahlavani
3809:Bakhtiari
3794:Kuhmareyi
3784:Bashkardi
3706:Old Azeri
3417:Sanglechi
3133:Phonology
2832:cite book
2739:cite book
2654:cite book
2517:(1): 85.
2407:Bukharian
2344:Judeo-Tat
1772:Uzbek one
1631:loanwords
1563:, Latin:
1537:Bukharian
1467:Symbolism
1441:Ashkenazi
1328:Astronomy
1217:Sephardic
1207:Religious
1131:Holocaust
1057:Judeo-Tat
884:Leviathan
604:Mythology
542:Zarphatic
495:Catalanic
336:Samaritan
296:Ashkenazi
273:Languages
212:Glottolog
196:ISO 639-3
144:Bukharian
78:Ethnicity
48:,
40:Bukharian
4612:Krymchak
4565:Hellenic
4363:Yinglish
4267:dialects
4254:Germanic
4220:Cushitic
4119:Betanure
4086:Galilean
4073:Talmudic
4063:Biblical
4041:Tiberian
4036:Yemenite
4021:Sephardi
3995:Medieval
3990:Mishnaic
3985:Biblical
3838:Hazaragi
3789:Garmsiri
3729:Sangsari
3724:Lasgerdi
3713:Parthian
3691:Tabaroid
3659:Kurmanji
3615:Ashtiani
3584:Yaghnobi
3542:Ossetian
3531:Scythian
3506:Southern
3501:Northern
3473:Bactrian
3422:Sarikoli
3392:Bartangi
3056:Hazaragi
2870:MULOQAND
2384:Bukharit
2380:Bukharan
2376:Bukharic
2333:See also
1807:Cyrillic
1768:Cyrillic
1681:Cyrillic
1571:), is a
1472:Clothing
1431:Sephardi
1381:Baseball
1323:Medicine
1159:Haskalah
1111:Yemenite
1101:Piyyutim
1096:Biblical
1082:Rabbinic
1072:Yemenite
1047:American
1037:Biblical
994:Rephaite
954:Mazzikin
879:Behemoth
810:Mordecai
582:Krymchak
557:Hamedani
517:Gruzinic
500:Italkian
453:Yemenite
448:Djerbian
410:Galilean
400:Talmudic
395:Biblical
380:Betanure
331:Biblical
326:Mishnaic
321:Medieval
316:Tiberian
311:Yemenite
301:Sephardi
244:a series
242:Part of
219:bukh1238
179:Cyrillic
4705:Italics
4660:Malayic
4572:Knaanic
4561:Yevanic
4504:Bukhori
4440:Tetuani
4435:Haketia
4368:Heblish
4321:Western
4297:Poylish
4292:Litvish
4282:Eastern
4263:Yiddish
4099:Hulaulá
4094:Barzani
4031:Italian
4026:Mizrahi
3898:extinct
3894:Italics
3879:Badeshi
3823:Persian
3799:Kumzari
3741:Taleshi
3734:Sorkhei
3719:Semnani
3674:Kordali
3654:Kurdish
3648:Gorgani
3626:Daylami
3620:Balochi
3600:Western
3578:Sogdian
3537:Alanian
3511:Wanetsi
3496:Central
3486:Parachi
3466:Avestan
3427:Shughni
3412:Roshani
3375:Eastern
3343:History
3142:Grammar
3100:Dehwari
3095:Sistani
3090:Bukhori
3039:Iranian
2939:History
2782:Toşkent
2763:Toşkand
2731:Toşkand
2480:(ed.).
2372:Bukhari
2046:אָ ,או
1820:Hebrew
1708:Hoverim
1639:Russian
1613:Persian
1605:Iranian
1549:Bukhori
1436:Mizrahi
1415:Cuisine
1312:Science
1232:Zemirot
1222:Klezmer
1212:Mizrahi
1202:Secular
1174:Strauss
1067:English
1062:Yiddish
1004:Yossele
974:Armilus
964:Se'irim
959:Arariel
909:Estries
904:Bagdana
845:Gabriel
840:Michael
790:Solomon
760:Gehenna
660:Abraham
625:Genesis
562:Shuadit
552:Shirazi
532:Bukhori
512:Knaanic
490:Yevanic
483:Tetuani
478:Haketia
468:Yiddish
426:Yahudic
375:Barzani
360:Hulaulá
306:Mizrahi
232:Bukhori
134:Persian
124:Western
119:Iranian
18:Bukhori
4620:Turkic
4616:Karaim
4605:Others
4577:Slavic
4550:Others
4272:argots
4230:Berber
4193:Others
4068:Targum
4000:Modern
3970:Hebrew
3872:Others
3779:Achomi
3751:Tatoid
3699:Median
3669:Xwarin
3664:Sorani
3642:Gorani
3637:Gilaki
3558:Jassic
3518:Ormuri
3491:Pashto
3458:Others
3449:Yidgha
3083:Juhuri
3044:Afghan
2816:
2778:Alefbe
2705:
2642:
2591:p. 218
2488:
1812:(USSR)
1643:Arabic
1628:Hebrew
1567:Buxorī
1560:бухорӣ
1554:בוכארי
1280:Humour
1227:Niggun
1052:Ladino
1042:Hebrew
999:Pardes
989:Alukah
984:Elioud
949:Naamah
919:Samael
914:Belial
894:Tannin
889:Shedim
869:Dybbuk
850:Dobiel
835:Azrael
800:Esther
795:Samson
775:Gideon
770:Daniel
755:Moloch
750:Yahweh
675:Nimrod
635:Lilith
537:Juhuri
527:Dzhidi
522:Karaim
473:Ladino
459:Other
390:Targum
291:Modern
284:Hebrew
175:Hebrew
54:buxorī
50:бухорӣ
46:בוכארי
4215:Qwara
4210:Kayla
4200:Geʽez
3843:Tajik
3772:South
3608:North
3547:Digor
3439:Wakhi
3433:Vanji
3407:Munji
3402:Khufi
3384:Pamir
3155:Ezāfe
3126:Verbs
3121:Nouns
3061:Aimaq
3049:Tajik
2606:p. 84
2562:p. 85
2476:. In
2350:Notes
2295:U' u'
2267:Yi yi
2264:Ji ji
2253:Gh gh
2239:Ya ya
2236:Ja ja
2225:Yu yu
2222:Ju ju
2183:Sh sh
2169:Ch ch
2155:Ts ts
2152:Ts ts
1929:Zh zh
1915:Yo yo
1912:Jo jo
1901:Ye ye
1815:Latin
1810:Latin
1635:Uzbek
1617:Tajik
1615:>
1607:>
1603:>
1585:Tajik
1360:Sport
1191:Music
1077:Musar
979:Broxa
969:Dumah
934:Lilin
924:Re'em
899:Rahab
874:Golem
820:Satan
805:Haman
700:Moses
183:Latin
139:Tajik
3978:Eras
3833:Dari
3804:Luri
3758:Zaza
3746:Tati
3679:Laki
3632:Fars
3569:Saka
3552:Iron
2838:link
2814:ISBN
2745:link
2703:ISBN
2660:link
2640:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2382:and
1662:Jews
1637:and
1543:and
1116:Epic
855:Ouza
830:Ruth
825:Ezra
780:Saul
615:Baal
3900:or
3071:Tat
2519:doi
2409:at
2326:'ג
2323:J j
2320:Ç ç
2317:Ҷ ҷ
2309:H h
2306:H h
2303:Ҳ ҳ
2298:אה
2292:Ū ū
2289:Ӯ ӯ
2281:Q q
2278:Q q
2275:Қ қ
2270:אײ
2261:Ӣ ӣ
2256:גה
2250:Ƣ ƣ
2247:Ғ ғ
2242:ה'
2233:Я я
2228:ו'
2219:Ю ю
2214:אה
2211:E e
2205:Э э
2194:Ә ә
2191:Ъ ъ
2180:Ş ş
2177:Ш ш
2172:'צ
2166:C c
2163:Ч ч
2149:Ц ц
2141:X x
2138:X x
2135:Х х
2127:F f
2124:F f
2121:Ф ф
2116:או
2113:U u
2110:U u
2107:У у
2099:T t
2096:T t
2093:Т т
2085:S s
2082:S s
2079:С с
2071:R r
2068:R r
2065:Р р
2057:P p
2054:P p
2051:П п
2043:O o
2040:O o
2037:О о
2029:N n
2026:N n
2023:Н н
2015:M m
2012:M m
2009:М м
2001:L l
1998:L l
1995:Л л
1990:כּ
1987:K k
1984:K k
1981:К к
1973:Y y
1970:J j
1967:Й й
1957:I i
1954:I i
1951:И и
1943:Z z
1940:Z z
1937:З з
1932:'ג
1926:Ƶ ƶ
1923:Ж ж
1918:יו
1909:Ё ё
1904:יה
1898:E e
1895:Е е
1887:D d
1884:D d
1881:Д д
1873:G g
1870:G g
1867:Г г
1859:V v
1856:V v
1853:В в
1848:בּ
1845:B b
1842:B в
1839:Б б
1831:A a
1828:A a
1825:А а
1579:of
1249:Art
944:Ziz
815:Job
227:ELP
203:bhh
4724::
4585:,
4559:,
2834:}}
2830:{{
2808:.
2790:^
2780:.
2761:.
2741:}}
2737:{{
2729:.
2717:^
2676:.
2656:}}
2652:{{
2619:.
2537:^
2527:.
2513:.
2509:.
2427:^
2378:,
2374:,
2370:,
2366:,
2312:ה
2284:ק
2200:ע
2186:ש
2158:צ
2144:כ
2130:ף
2102:ת
2088:ס
2074:ר
2060:פ
2032:נ
2018:מ
2004:ל
1976:י
1946:ז
1890:ד
1876:ג
1862:ב
1834:א
1774:.
1739:.
1591:.
620:El
246:on
181:,
177:,
70:,
66:,
52:,
4695:)
4691:(
4685:)
4681:(
4662:)
4658:(
4652:)
4648:(
4642:)
4638:(
4632:)
4628:(
4622:)
4618:(
4614:/
4593:)
4589:(
4579:)
4575:(
4567:)
4563:(
4275:)
4269:/
4265:(
4232:)
4228:(
4222:)
4218:(
4212:/
4206:)
4202:(
3945:e
3938:t
3931:v
3904:.
3328:e
3321:t
3314:v
3085:)
2923:e
2916:t
2909:v
2840:)
2747:)
2711:.
2686:.
2662:)
2648:.
2623:.
2521::
2515:5
2494:.
2386:.
2208:-
2197:'
1961:א
1525:e
1518:t
1511:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
