Buddhist vegetarianism

169: 1885:, which presents itself as the final elucidatory and definitive Mahayana teachings of the Buddha on the very eve of his death, the Buddha states that "the eating of meat extinguishes the seed of Great Kindness", adding that all and every kind of meat and fish consumption (even of animals found already dead) is prohibited by him. He specifically rejects the idea that monks who go out begging and receive meat from a donor should eat it: "t should be rejected... I say that even meat, fish, game, dried hooves and scraps of meat left over by others constitutes an infraction... I teach the harm arising from meat-eating." The Buddha also predicts in this sutra that later monks will "hold spurious writings to be the authentic Dharma" and will concoct their own sutras and falsely claim that the Buddha allows the eating of meat, whereas he says he does not. A long passage in the 2400: 141: 127: 2345:) and to be avoided. Despite this, animal products remained in the Japanese diet long after the 675 edict. References to hunting and eating deer and wild boar continued throughout the ancient and medieval period into the 16th century as an occasional part of the diet for all but those in the poorer agrarian classes. The court nobles also ate red meat occasionally, despite being obliged to follow Buddhist principles closely, although it was viewed as inferior to eating fish and birds. 2805:

this is stench. Not the eating of meat. 5. In this world those individuals who are unrestrained in sensual pleasures, who are greedy for sweet things, who are associated with impure actions, who are of nihilistic views, crooked and difficult to follow, this is stench. Not the eating of meat. 6. In this world those who are rude, arrogant, backbiting, treacherous, unkind, excessively egoistic, miserly, and do not give anything to anybody; this is stench. Not the eating of meat....

248: 9176: 9187: 1480: 6585: 6572: 25: 829: 6562: 877: 902: 2391:. The removal of the ban encountered resistance and in one notable response, ten monks attempted to break into the Imperial Palace. The monks asserted that due to foreign influence, large numbers of Japanese had begun eating meat and that this was "destroying the soul of the Japanese people." Several of the monks were killed during the break-in attempt, and the remainder were arrested. 1491: 1556:, a well-known Buddhist king who propagated Buddhism throughout Asia, and is honored by both Theravada and Mahayana schools of Buddhism. The authority of the Edicts of Ashoka as a historical record is suggested by the mention of numerous topics omitted as well as corroboration of numerous accounts found in the Theravada and Mahayana Tripitakas written down centuries later. 155: 2067:, then these people are completely deserting me and going against the dharma." I can't explain each of these things, but he said that anybody that is using meat and saying it is something good, this is completely against the dharma and against me and they completely have nothing to do with dharma. He said it very, very strongly. 1671:, are the three circumstances in which meat should not be eaten, Jivaka! I declare there are three circumstances in which meat can be eaten: when it is not seen or heard or suspected (that a living being has been purposely slaughtered for the eater); Jivaka, I say these are the three circumstances in which meat can be eaten. — 1794:'s final teachings, the Buddha insisted that his followers should not eat any kind of meat or fish. Even vegetarian food that has been touched by meat should be washed before being eaten. Also, it is not permissible for the monk or nun just to pick out the non-meat portions of a diet – the whole meal must be rejected. 2549:

Mahayana tradition…" and on page 141: "It is not wholly clear what form of Buddhism Asoka believed in, but it is evident that it was different from any form existing nowadays…Asoka's reference to his "going forth to Sambodhi" in the 8th Rock Edict may indicate the very beginning of the concept of the bodhisattva…"

2380:, founded by Kūkai, recommends vegetarianism and requires it at certain times, but it is not always strictly required for monks and nuns. Buddhist vegetarianism (aka Shojin Ryori), also dictates Kinkunshoku (禁葷食) which is to not use meat as well as Gokun (五葷 5 vegetables from the allium family) in their cooking. 1648:, before his enlightenment, describes his family being wealthy enough to provide non-vegetarian meals even to his servants. After becoming enlightened, he respectfully accepted any kind of alms food offered with good intention, including meat (within the limitations described above), fruits and vegetables. 2423:

concerning food and the consumption of meat, since monastics traditionally relied upon alms given to them by the local community for sustenance on occasions which may include meat, and to refuse such offerings could be considered as going against their vows. The Buddha made clear distinctions between

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converted into Buddhism, Siha, gives alms including meat to the Buddha and his monks, ordering one of his servants to buy fresh meat from the market. Other Jain ascetics comment unfavorably, accusing Siha of killing an animal explicitly for the consumption of the Buddha, but Siha denies such a thing.

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Some suggest that the rise of monasteries in Mahayana tradition to be a contributing factor in the emphasis on vegetarianism. In the monastery, food was prepared specifically for monastics. In this context, large quantities of meat would have been specifically prepared (killed) for them. Henceforth,

1989:

Of all his merit-making, Jigme Lingpa was most proud of his feelings of compassion for animals; he says that this is the best part of his entire life story. He writes of his sorrow when he witnessed the butchering of animals by humans. He often bought and set free animals about to be slaughtered (a

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shows the Buddha speaking out very forcefully against meat consumption and unequivocally in favor of vegetarianism, since the eating of the flesh of fellow sentient beings is said by him to be incompatible with the compassion that a Bodhisattva should strive to cultivate. This passage has been seen

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Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep

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Formerly in the kitchen of the Beloved of the gods, King Priyadarsin , many hundreds of thousands of animals were killed everyday for the sake of curry. But now when this Dharma-rescript is written, only three animals are being killed (everyday) for the sake of curry, (viz.) two peacocks (and) one

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A minority of Buddhist lay believers are year-long or life-long vegetarians. Many lay followers typically adhere to monastic-style vegetarianism on Lunar New Year Eve, commemorative holidays and ancestral feast days, as well as the first and fifteenth days of each month on the lunar calendar. Some

1732:(a previous Buddha before Gautama Buddha) in regard to the evils of eating meat. The Brahmin insisted his higher status is well-deserved due to his observance of a vegetarian diet. The Buddha countered the argument by listing acts which cause real moral defilement (i.e. those acts in opposition to 2804:

1. Millet, cinguala beans and peas, edible leaves and roots, the fruit of any creeper; the virtuous who eat these, obtained justly, do not tell lies out of sensuous delight...4. The Buddha Kassapa: Taking life, beating, wounding, binding, stealing, lying, deceiving, worthless knowledge, adultery;

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This chapter on meat-eating is another later addition to the text, which was probably done earlier than the Rāvaṇa chapter. It already appears in the Sung , but of the three Chinese versions it appears here in its shortest form, the proportion being S = 1, T = 2, W = 3. It is quite likely that

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The rule of vegetarianism was the fifth of a list of rules which Devadatta had proposed to the Buddha. Devadatta was the founder of the tapasa movement in Buddhism and his special rules involved ascetic and austere practices (forest-dwelling, wearing only rags, etc). The Buddha rejected all the

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on pp 131-132 : "The Kalinga war, which according to the 13th Rock Edict, was the main factor in Asoka's conversion to Buddhism is not mentioned in either the Theravada tradition or in the Asokavadana, which, since it was transmitted mainly in Mahayana circles, we shall refer to it as the

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migrated to China from the year 65 CE on, they met followers who provided them with money instead of food. From those days onwards, Chinese monastics, and others who came to inhabit northern countries, cultivated their own vegetable plots and bought food in the market. This remains the dominant

1814:

The Blessed One replied, "Mañjuśrī, that is so. There are no beings who have not been one’s mother, who have not been one’s sister through generations of wandering in beginningless and endless saṃsāra. Even one who is a dog has been one’s father, for the world of living beings is like a dancer.

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was vegetarian in part or in whole is unclear from these edicts. However, Ashoka's personal commitment to, and advocating of, vegetarianism suggests Early Buddhism (at the very least for the layperson) most likely already had a vegetarian tradition (the details of what that entailed besides not

2018:

and other esteemed lamas invite their audiences to adopt vegetarianism when they can. When asked in recent years what he thinks of vegetarianism, the 14th Dalai Lama has said: "It is wonderful. We must absolutely promote vegetarianism." The Dalai Lama tried becoming a vegetarian and promoted

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or Śīla. The aim of Buddhist vegetarianism is to give rise to compassion and the upholder of vegetarianism is expected to (at least faithfully attempt to) observe Buddhist ethics. The Buddhist vegetarian who does not observe Buddhist ethics is not seen as a true Buddhist vegetarian.

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The Dalai Lama's noble action is an inspiration to people around the world and is especially admirable because he changed his diet at the age of seventy. Actually, he had wished to be vegetarian from an early age but was hindered by the curious beliefs of his personal

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school, we have to see what the great masters of the past, the past lamas of Kagyupas, did and said about eating meat. The Drikung Shakpa Rinpoche, master of Drikungpa, said like this, "My students, whomever are eating or using meat and calling it tsokhor or

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to accept almost any food that is offered to them, including meat, unless they suspect the meat was slaughtered specifically for them. Theravadin monks are also not supposed to choose or request for any specific food during their pindapata (alms collection).

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because of the first precept in Buddhism: "I undertake the precept to refrain from taking life". Other Buddhists disagree with this conclusion. Many Buddhist vegetarians also oppose meat-eating based on scriptural injunctions against flesh-eating recorded in

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meat-eating was practised more or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a subject of severe criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the time of the Laṅkāvatāra did not like it, hence this addition in which an apologetic tone is noticeable.

3523: 1743:, horses, dogs, snakes, lions, tigers, leopards, bears and hyenas. This is because these animals (allegedly) can be provoked by the smell of the flesh of their own kind, or because eating of such flesh would generate a bad reputation for the Sangha. 1603:

pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers’ shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.

2431:, where vegetables are scarce, meat is often consumed as a form of sustenance. However, records show that in Tibet, the practice of vegetarianism was encouraged as early as the 14th and 15th centuries by renowned Buddhist teachers such as 2673:

monks would have to accept whatever they found in their begging bowls, including meat, provided that they had not seen, had not heard, and had no reason to suspect that the animal had been killed so that the meat could be given to them.

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vegetarianism. In 1999, it was published that the Dalai Lama would only be vegetarian every other day and partakes of meat regularly. When he is in Dharamsala, he is vegetarian, but not necessarily when he is outside Dharamsala.

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and there have been many great realized beings in Tibet also, but they are not saying, "I'm realized, therefore I can do anything; I can eat meat and drink alcohol." It's nothing like that. It should not be like that.

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common Buddhist act). He ‘changed the perception’ of others, when he once caused his followers to save a female yak from being butchered, and he continually urged his disciples to forswear the killing of animals.

2533:"Journal of International Association of Buddhist Studies – Asoka and Buddhism - A Reexamination: Presidential Address Given on the Occasion of the Fourth Conference of the IABS Madison, Wisconsin, August, 1980" 3515: 2304:) etc., and follow according to that lunar calendar schedule. Other Buddhist lay-followers also follow less stringent forms of vegetarianism. Most Buddhist lay-followers however are not vegetarians. Some 1512: 2023:

has taken him to task for this and wrote to him to urge him to return to strict vegetarianism, but " replied saying that his doctors had told him he needed , so I wrote back saying they were wrong."

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proposed revisions of Devadatta, and it was in this context that he reiterated the tikoiparisuddha rule. (On this see the author's Western Buddhism and a Theravada heterodoxy, BSQ Tracts on Buddhism

2046:, strongly urged vegetarianism upon his students, saying that generally, in his view, it was very important in the Mahayana not to eat meat and that even in Vajrayana students should not eat meat: 3546: 2731:, this is an undated (and not formally published) translation by Sister Uppalavanna (b., 1886 as Else Buchholtz), originally distributed on the internet by the Sri Lankan website "Metta.LK". 1838:, since all beings share the same "Dhatu" (spiritual Principle or Essence) and are intimately related to one another, killing and eating other sentient creatures is tantamount to a form of 1122: 1693:, Buddha instructs a monk or nun to accept, without any discrimination, whatever alms food is offered with good will, including meat. As for Buddhist laity, the Buddha in the 1579:

There is a divergence of views within Buddhism as to whether vegetarianism is required; with some schools of Buddhism rejecting such a requirement. Some Buddhists avoid

1667:… meat should not be eaten under three circumstances: when it is seen or heard or suspected (that a living being has been purposely slaughtered for the eater); these, 4618: 4946: 4650: 3169: 1970:

prescribed the offering and ingestion of meat and alcohol, although this practice is now often only a symbolic one, with no actual meat or alcohol ingested.

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practice in China, Vietnam, and most Korean Mahayana temples; the exceptions being some Korean Mahayana temples who traced their lineages back to Japan.

1935:). There are different arrangement of the dates, from several days to three months in each year, in some traditions, the celebration of the bodhisattva 1818:"Moreover, Mañjuśrī, the dhātu of all beings is the dharmadhātu, so Buddhas do not eat meat because they would be eating the flesh of one single dhātu." 8241: 6716: 3538: 3907: 2356:), introduced Vajrayana Buddhism into Japan, and this soon became the dominant Buddhism among the nobility. In particular, Saichō, who founded the 2126:

and their respective diaspora communities, monks and nuns are expected to abstain from meat and, traditionally, eggs and dairy, in addition to the

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very vigorously and unreservedly denounced the eating of meat, mainly on the grounds that such an act is linked to the spreading of fear amongst

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His Holiness's kitchen in Dharamsala is vegetarian. However, during visits outside of Dharamsala, His Holiness is not necessarily vegetarian.

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But this is not, strictly speaking, a dietary rule because the Buddha, on one particular occasion, specifically refused suggestions by

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sect of Japanese Buddhism, reduced the number of vinaya code to 66. (円戒 yuán jiè) During the 12th century, a number of monks from

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Monks, a lay follower should not engage in five types of business. Which five? Business in weapons, business in human beings,

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monastic code. This refusal to proscribe non-vegetarian food is within the context of Buddhist monastics receiving alms food.

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There are a significant minority of Theravadin laypersons who practice vegetarianism especially in Thailand and Sri Lanka.

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Releasing life (chapter 4: 'The Debate'): published by The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation,

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of Buddhist philosophy. For this reason, the Buddha gave advice to the Buddhist community of monastics in the

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issued an edict prohibiting eating the meat of cows, horses, dogs, monkeys, and roosters, as recorded in the

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today likewise deemphasises vegetarianism. Zen does tend generally to look favourably upon vegetarianism.

2222:). Pure Vegetarianism or Veganism is Indic in origin and is still practiced in India by some adherents of 8312: 8221: 7691: 7336: 6849: 6744: 6438: 5498: 4858: 3976: 3831: 1868: 7856: 1852: 9161: 8641: 8117: 7603: 6726: 6559: 5744: 5463: 4954: 4890: 4730: 4698: 4472: 4386: 4021: 2493: 1827: 216: 8051: 3307: 3233: 2741: 1901:), the Buddha is seen clearly to indicate that meat-eating is undesirable and karmically unwholesome. 1455: 1440: 9051: 8864: 8854: 8726: 7709: 7289: 7050: 7025: 5794: 5649: 5609: 5047: 4938: 4922: 4467: 4462: 4452: 4155: 4118: 3798: 1999: 608: 7075: 3416: 2977: 2010:. You must give up eating meat, for it is very wrong to eat the flesh of our parent sentient beings. 1815:

Therefore, one's own flesh and the flesh of another are a single flesh, so Buddhas do not eat meat.

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In the modern era, the passage cited below has been interpreted as allowing the consumption of meat

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deer, (and) the deer again not always. Even these three animals shall not be killed in the future.

1307: 9093: 9073: 8404: 8384: 8141: 7871: 7115: 6484: 6076: 5594: 4794: 4690: 4509: 4034: 3996: 3866: 3851: 3756: 3564: 3410:"Removal of the Ban on Meat: The Meat-Eating Culture of Japan at the Beginning of Westernization" 3261: 2026: 1445: 1317: 1019: 773: 35: 3141: 1641: 921: 9103: 8611: 8581: 8354: 8305: 8146: 8094: 8089: 7851: 7672: 7569: 7321: 7316: 7065: 5869: 5769: 5453: 5198: 4850: 4802: 4786: 4349: 4344: 4309: 4304: 4299: 3871: 3826: 3692: 2868: 1533: 1312: 1044: 852: 573: 553: 478: 473: 388: 295: 192: 7433: 6161: 4180: 1292: 971: 9108: 9078: 8659: 8591: 8424: 8339: 8334: 8258: 8253: 8171: 6701: 6499: 6291: 6206: 5959: 5624: 5303: 4930: 4714: 4076: 4061: 3981: 3786: 2767:"Buddhism and Vegetarianism: The Rationale for the Buddha's Views on the Consumption of Meat" 1858: 1751: 1267: 1197: 793: 783: 738: 7724: 3334: 3112: 2686: 2006:

Above all, you must constantly train your mind to be loving, compassionate, and filled with

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There were monastic guidelines prohibiting consumption of 10 types of meat: that of humans,

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In 1872 of the Meiji restoration, as part of the opening up of Japan to Western influence,

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A vegetarian lunch after the new grave worshiping ceremony of a Vietnamese Buddhist family

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killing animals and eating their flesh were not mentioned, and therefore are unknown).

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in particular stated that anyone who wished to be his student must be vegetarian.

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eating meat and killing, by giving instructions on the three-fold purity of meat.

1736:) and then stating the mere consumption of meat is not equivalent to those acts. 1282: 946: 126: 9191: 9136: 9088: 9016: 8886: 8684: 8664: 8606: 8518: 8181: 8079: 7926: 7662: 7645: 7630: 7608: 7160: 7030: 6864: 6844: 6494: 6433: 6423: 6398: 6241: 6171: 6166: 6136: 6051: 6009: 5879: 5849: 5839: 5799: 5789: 5729: 5689: 5669: 5619: 5579: 5549: 5508: 5503: 5273: 5248: 5103: 4874: 4746: 4492: 4426: 4086: 3793: 3085: 3060: 2473: 2416: 2154: 2090: 2015: 1967: 1823: 1787: 1773: 1733: 1585: 1562:, dated to c. 257 BCE, mentions the prohibition of animal sacrifices in Ashoka's 1484: 1465: 1450: 1390: 1297: 1014: 833: 748: 548: 458: 403: 7936: 7090: 7080: 6408: 3682: 1187: 1049: 916: 398: 9146: 8849: 8699: 8481: 8061: 8041: 7961: 7650: 7640: 7574: 7411: 6897: 6760: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6201: 6176: 6151: 5984: 5829: 5809: 5774: 5719: 5709: 5659: 5654: 5564: 5539: 5493: 5438: 5403: 5388: 5358: 5353: 5278: 5263: 5243: 5233: 5007: 4906: 4754: 4722: 4487: 4396: 4123: 3961: 3948: 3902: 3761: 3589: 2032: 2020: 1791: 1729: 1539: 1410: 1385: 1370: 1237: 693: 623: 578: 436: 208: 3375: 3213: 2728: 2337:. Tenmu was a strong proponent of Buddhism, and these views were bolstered by 931: 9206: 8916: 8765: 8074: 7976: 7834: 7635: 7613: 7549: 7220: 7015: 7010: 6902: 6571: 6464: 6367: 6271: 6156: 6121: 6106: 5974: 5954: 5914: 5904: 5889: 5864: 5859: 5814: 5739: 5664: 5629: 5488: 5458: 5418: 5253: 5228: 5039: 4371: 4314: 3956: 3818: 3808: 3781: 3766: 3733: 3698: 3626: 3463: 3383: 2922: 2404: 2384: 2330: 1906: 1755: 1740: 1563: 1435: 1395: 1337: 1322: 1302: 1089: 518: 513: 453: 7374: 7364: 6736: 3359: 2944: 2190: 1287: 1172: 658: 463: 9006: 8991: 8961: 8911: 8901: 8743: 8538: 8031: 7866: 7744: 7532: 7527: 7354: 7225: 7100: 6561: 6428: 6372: 6357: 6352: 6266: 6256: 6146: 6141: 6046: 6014: 5969: 5819: 5639: 5559: 5483: 5468: 5448: 5443: 5423: 5413: 5338: 5313: 5298: 5268: 5143: 4882: 4842: 4559: 4554: 4442: 4381: 4269: 4187: 4175: 4128: 4049: 3986: 3971: 3776: 3771: 2792: 1982: 1964: 1898: 1811:

Mañjuśrī asked, "Do Buddhas not eat meat because of the tathāgata-garbha?"

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Apparitions of the Self: The Secret Autobiographies of a Tibetan Visionary

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Mahayana lay Buddhists often eat vegetarian diets on the vegetarian dates

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perspectives that reviewed blood and dead bodies as impure (Japanese: 穢れ

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In the modern world, attitudes toward vegetarianism vary by location. In

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it is not specifically slaughtered for the monastic receiving alms food:

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Rangdrol, Shabkar Natshok. (Translated by Padmakara Translation Group.)

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Vegetarianism : Living a Buddhist life series (2004) by: Bodhipaksa

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lay followers also follow monastic-style vegetarianism on the six-day (

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practitioners both drink alcohol and eat meat. Many traditions of the

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as questionable by a small minority of Mahayana Buddhist writers (eg.

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Food of Bodhisattvas: Buddhist Teachings on Abstaining from Meat.

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encouraged supporters to prepare vegetarian food for the temple.

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as well as his commitment to vegetarianism; however, whether the

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with the additional abstention of pungent or fetid vegetables.

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There are many great masters and very great realized beings in

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to monastic consumption of non-vegetarian food is found in the

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Theravāda Buddhism and Vegetarianism: A Review and Study Guide

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Heidelberger OJS-Journals (Universitäts-Bibliothek Heidelberg)

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In several other Mahayana scriptures, too (e.g., the Mahayana

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schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet, claiming that

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Rang-byung-rdo-rje, ʼJigs-med-gling-pa (November 21, 1999).

1846:. The sutras which inveigh against meat-eating include the 1552:

The earliest surviving written accounts of Buddhism are the

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is the practice of vegetarianism by significant portions of

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views on vegetarianism are within the broader framework of

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The life of Shabkar: the autobiography of a Tibetan yogin

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The practice of non-harming forms the basis of all three

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The Life of Shabkar, the Autobiography of a Tibetan Yogin

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An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty

2183: – this is called pure vegetarianism or veganism ( 1574: 3673:

Buddhist Resources on Vegetarianism and Animal Welfare

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Shabkar.org: Resources on Buddhism & Vegetarianism

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To Cherish All Life: A Buddhist Case for Vegetarianism

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A vegetarian dinner at a Taiwanese Buddhist restaurant

4651:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

2106:

Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Taiwanese traditions

146:

A vegetarian dinner at a Japanese Buddhist restaurant

3509: 3507: 3035:"Life as a Vegetarian Tibetan Buddhist Practitioner" 2923:"《學佛素食與健康長壽》"Xué Fú Sù Shí Yǔ Jiàn Kāng Zhǎng Shòu"" 1728:

in the Sutta Nipata, a vegetarian Brahmin confronts

199:, the views on vegetarianism vary between different 3567:(1906). "The Buddhistic Rule against Eating Meat". 3459:"Why Eating Meat Was Banned in Japan for Centuries" 2130:

vegetables; also known as the five pungent spices (

1947:days hold the highest importance to be vegetarian. 132:

A vegetarian dinner at a Korean Buddhist restaurant

49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3058: 2750:. Translated by Bhikkhu, Thanissaro. 2010-07-03 . 2659:The Great Compassion: Buddhism & Animal Rights 3624:The Great Compassion: Buddhism and Animal Rights. 3504: 3500:. The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volumes I & II. 215:that his followers must not eat the flesh of any 9204: 16:Vegetarianism in Buddhist culture and philosophy 3214:"Rinpoche's teachings on becoming a vegetarian" 3187:"Sir Paul McCartney's advice to the Dalai Lama" 2764: 3728: 2706:The Buddha in Sri Lanka: Histories and Stories 6545: 4377:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine 3714: 1985:, wrote of his great compassion for animals: 1803:quotes a dialogue between Gautama Buddha and 1513: 853: 195:as well as some Buddhists of other sects. In 7327:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 2742:"Vanijja Sutta: Business (Wrong Livelihood)" 2348:Around the 9th century, two Japanese monks ( 3403: 3401: 2703: 2442:Contemporary Buddhist teachers such as the 2204:)and or five pungent spices vegetarianism ( 6552: 6538: 3721: 3707: 3335:"Mahayana Buddhist Vegetarian Observances" 3234:"Arjia Lobsang Thubten Rinpoche (1950 - )" 2937:"张总先生论文辑 Zhāng Zǒng Xiān Shēng Lùn Wén Jí" 2821:. Paraview Special Editions. p. xii. 2626: 1721:to institute vegetarianism in the Sangha. 1520: 1506: 860: 846: 4915:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows 4739:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian 3650:(Dhamma Publishers, Second Edition 2022) 3139: 2620: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 4565:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association 3688:Buddhism and the Moral Status of Animals 3598:(San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1982) 3570:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3398: 2398: 2308:lay adherents also do not eat any meat. 8514:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 5152:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment 3678:A Buddhist Perspective on Animal Rights 3563: 3480:The three vehicles of Buddhist practice 3281: 3113:"Vegetarian Awakening in the Himalayas" 2996: 2975: 2816: 2661:. New York: Lantern Books. p. 76. 2530: 2038:On 3 January 2007, one of the two 17th 1907:Indian geographical sphere of influence 1633:to mandate vegetarianism in the monks' 9205: 8717:List of Buddhist architecture in China 4590:List of vegetarian and vegan companies 3357: 2905:"佛教的本相 (下) Fú Jiào De Běn Xiāng (Xià)" 2653: 2602: 2314: 6533: 4707:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses 4367:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme 3702: 3537:Karmapa Orgyen Trinley (2021-03-13). 3514:Karmapa Orgyen Trinley (2021-03-12). 3456: 3450: 2875: 2394: 2387:lifted the ban on the consumption of 6308:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli 5895:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 3477: 3407: 2448:The 17th Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje 1575:Views of the three Buddhist vehicles 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 3260:Orgyen Trinle Dorje, Karmapa XVII. 2883:"The Lankavatara Sutra - Chapter 8" 2560: 2372:) and de-emphasised vegetarianism. 2071: 1750:, states that some bhikkhus in the 13: 8504:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 4643:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food 3557: 3494:"Pācittiya Four: The Food Chapter" 3358:Krämer, Hans Martin (2008-03-14). 3339:American Buddhist Citizens' League 3315:American Buddhist Citizens' League 3248:Since 1999 rinpoche is vegetarian. 2800:Association for Insight Meditation 2097:are obliged by the monastic code, 1548:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 311:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 306:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 14: 9244: 4611:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 4505:North American Vegetarian Society 3661: 3172:from the original on 2023-12-09. 3142:"To be or not to be a vegetarian" 3140:Malgonkar, Manohar (1999-01-17). 2687:"Buddhist Studies: Vegetarianism" 1950: 1754:choose to be vegetarian and that 1591: 222: 9185: 9175: 9174: 8732:Thai temple art and architecture 8477:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6717:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 6583: 6570: 6560: 6323:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro 4458:Christian Vegetarian Association 3693:The Buddha's view on eating meat 3549:from the original on 2023-12-02. 3526:from the original on 2023-12-02. 3154:from the original on 2022-10-07. 2754:from the original on 2024-01-05. 2403:Sign promoting vegetarianism at 1764: 1489: 1478: 900: 875: 827: 246: 167: 153: 139: 125: 23: 6584: 4867:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone 3530: 3486: 3471: 3439:John Toland. Rising Sun, 1970. 3433: 3351: 3327: 3300: 3275: 3253: 3226: 3206: 3179: 3158: 3133: 3105: 3093: 3079: 3052: 3027: 3009: 2990: 2969: 2951: 2929: 2915: 2897: 2857: 2835: 2810: 2785: 2758: 2734: 2609:A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms 34:needs additional citations for 8722:Japanese Buddhist architecture 8524:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 7604:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6795:Places where the Buddha stayed 6455:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism 4811:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks 4550:Vegetarian Society (Singapore) 4535:Toronto Vegetarian Association 4478:International Vegetarian Union 3636:(Nirvana Publications, London) 3065:. Princeton University Press. 2976:Rinzler, Lodro (2011-05-25) . 2843:"Buddhism & Vegetarianism" 2722: 2704:Obeyesekere, Gananath (2017). 2697: 2679: 2647: 2596: 2571:Archaeological Survey of India 2554: 2524: 2506: 2300: 2274: 2256: 2218: 2200: 2144: 1931: 1883:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 1848:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 1783:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 1599:Vegetarianism in ancient India 1: 8737:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 6470:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet 6394:Food for Thought (restaurant) 4992:Diet for a New America (film) 4771:The Benefits of Vegetarianism 4635:A Vindication of Natural Diet 4402:Vegan Prisoners Support Group 3643:Shambhala Publications, 2004. 2499: 2437:Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama 1554:Edicts written by King Ashoka 8494:Buddhism and the Roman world 8470:Decline of Buddhism in India 8465:History of Buddhism in India 6565: Topics in 4819:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook 4039:Seventh-day Adventist Church 3539:"His Holiness on Vegetarian" 3457:Allen, Kristi (2019-03-26). 3284:Wookwan's Korean Temple Food 3117:www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw 2943:(in Chinese). Archived from 2849:. 2008-11-01. Archived from 2574:. p. 64. Archived from 2514:"Buddhism and Vegetarianism" 2329:in the 6th century. In 675, 2076: 1705:should not engage in : 1621:The most clear reference in 1544:History of Buddhism in India 1010:Buddhist logico-epistemology 509:Buddhist Paths to liberation 7: 7692:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 7432: 6439:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel 4859:The Sexual Politics of Meat 3977:Environmental vegetarianism 3832:Environmental vegetarianism 3482:. Namo Buddha Publications. 2561:Sen, Amulyachandra (1956). 2457: 2364:sects founded new schools ( 2035:became vegetarian in 1999. 2029:became vegetarian in 2008. 1746:Paul Breiter, a student of 1651:In the same text, a former 10: 9249: 9223:Vegetarianism and religion 9218:Food and drink in Buddhism 8642:The unanswerable questions 4955:Making a Stand for Animals 4731:Fifty Years of Food Reform 4473:Hare Krishna Food for Life 4387:Vegan Awareness Foundation 3683:Buddhism and Vegetarianism 3100:Buddha Heart, Buddha Mind, 2494:Vegetarianism and religion 2318: 1973:One of the most important 1537: 1531: 1045:Interdependent origination 9170: 9122: 9037: 8952: 8727:Buddhist temples in Korea 8650: 8552: 8435: 8132: 8060: 7887: 7760: 7700: 7335: 7290:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 7201: 7193:Three planes of existence 7141: 6986: 6878: 6808: 6800:Buddha in world religions 6662: 6607: 6579: 6447: 6381: 6300: 6032: 5610:Maximilian Bircher-Benner 5527: 5221: 5208: 5162: 5048:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead 4973: 4939:The End of Animal Farming 4923:The Vegan Studies Project 4598: 4582: 4468:French Vegetarian Society 4463:European Vegetarian Union 4453:Boston Vegetarian Society 4435: 4337: 4323: 4104: 4020: 3947: 3940: 3890: 3817: 3799:Vegan organic agriculture 3747: 3740: 3695:by Ven Dhammavuddho Thero 3376:10.1080/07409710701885135 3075:– via Google Books. 2999:"The Maitreya Sangha Way" 2325:Japan initially received 2291: 2265: 2247: 2209: 2188: 2135: 2000:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol 1922: 211:set forth in some of the 8509:Persecution of Buddhists 7730:Four stages of awakening 7111:Three marks of existence 6697:Physical characteristics 6363:The Sound Lounge, London 6338:Little Pine (restaurant) 6222:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau 5725:Narasinh Narayan Godbole 4899:The Bloodless Revolution 4540:Vegetarian Federal Union 4355:Food Empowerment Project 4198:List of meat substitutes 3565:Hopkins, Edward Washburn 3308:"2020 Buddhist Calendar" 2708:. Taylor & Francis. 1905:when monastics from the 58:"Buddhist vegetarianism" 7872:Ten principal disciples 6755:(aunt, adoptive mother) 6485:Plant-based action plan 6232:Satchidananda Saraswati 6077:Tabitha Brown (actress) 4891:Livestock's Long Shadow 4795:Diet for a Small Planet 4699:Shelley's Vegetarianism 4510:Order of the Golden Age 3997:Replaceability argument 3867:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid 3852:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism 3757:Animal-free agriculture 3262:"Talk on Vegetarianism" 2963:www.elephantjournal.com 2539:. pp. 131–132, 141 2148:) – traditionally 2027:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche 1446:Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo 1112:Pre-modern philosophers 1020:Buddhism and psychology 529:Philosophical reasoning 9213:Buddhist vegetarianism 8582:Buddhism and democracy 8095:Tibetan Buddhist canon 8090:Chinese Buddhist canon 7322:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 7317:Early Buddhist schools 5870:Francis William Newman 5770:Martin Luther Holbrook 4851:Diet for a New America 4803:The Vegetarian Epicure 4691:What is Vegetarianism? 4448:Bible Christian Church 4350:Beauty Without Cruelty 4345:American Vegan Society 3827:Economic vegetarianism 3622:Phelps, Norm. (2004). 2817:Breiter, Paul (2004). 2531:Bashram, A.L. (1982). 2412: 2069: 2012: 1992: 1822:The Buddha in certain 1820: 1715: 1687: 1605: 1534:Early Buddhist schools 1025:Buddhist vegetarianism 296:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 182:Buddhist vegetarianism 8592:Eight Consciousnesses 6702:Life of Buddha in art 6207:Isa Chandra Moskowitz 5960:Russell Thacher Trall 5925:Johan Lindström Saxon 5625:Lucius Duncan Bulkley 4931:Animal (De)liberation 4715:Why I Am a Vegetarian 3982:Ethics of eating meat 2847:soulcurrymagazine.com 2765:Dr V. A. Gunasekara. 2402: 2048: 2004: 1987: 1809: 1752:Thai Forest Tradition 1707: 1665: 1596: 1538:Further information: 1496:Philosophy portal 1198:Dharmapala of Nalanda 564:Aids to Enlightenment 389:Dependent Origination 9228:Buddhism and society 9069:East Asian religions 8499:Buddhism in the West 8070:Early Buddhist texts 7685:Four Right Exertions 7151:Ten spiritual realms 6644:Noble Eightfold Path 6343:Moosewood Restaurant 6197:Moosewood Collective 6112:Crescent Dragonwagon 6020:Kathleen Keen Zolber 5685:James Elmslie Duncan 5545:Bertrand P. Allinson 4779:Living the Good Life 4667:Fruits and Farinacea 4570:World Vegetarian Day 4520:ProVeg International 3908:Fictional characters 3634:Buddhism and Animals 3195:. London. 2008-12-15 2909:www.kundalini.org.hk 2865:"Angulimaliya Sutra" 2201:Chún sù/Jìng sù/Zhāi 2044:Urgyen Trinley Dorje 1361:Anagarika Dharmapala 534:Devotional practices 357:Noble Eightfold Path 43:improve this article 9233:Animals in Buddhism 9192:Religion portal 8939:Temple of the Tooth 8818:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7857:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 7350:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 7133:Two truths doctrine 6953:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6753:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6460:List of vegan media 6389:Cranks (restaurant) 6192:Joanne Lee Molinaro 6162:Frances Moore Lappé 5950:William O. Stephens 5945:Ernest Lester Smith 5935:Richard H. Schwartz 5920:Henry Stephens Salt 5910:Ulma Doyle Register 5845:Harry Willis Miller 5825:Alice Garrett Marsh 5780:John Harvey Kellogg 5434:James E. McWilliams 5199:The Animals' Agenda 4181:Microbial cellulose 4156:Gelatin substitutes 4119:Chicken fillet roll 3847:Lacto vegetarianism 3632:Page, Tony (1998), 3478:Rinpoche, Thrangu. 3408:Watanabe, Zenjiro. 3147:The Tribune (India) 2997:Fitzpatrick, Rith. 2627:Bodhipaksa (2016). 2315:Japanese traditions 2236:lacto-vegetarianism 2230:and in the case of 1963:which is a type of 1485:Religion portal 1355:Modern philosophers 1065:Two truths doctrine 894:Buddhist philosophy 834:Buddhism portal 707:Buddhism by country 469:Sanskrit literature 9114:Western philosophy 8712:Dzong architecture 8534:Vipassana movement 8529:Buddhist modernism 7957:Emperor Wen of Sui 7725:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7658:Threefold Training 7460:Vipassana movement 7176:Hungry Ghost realm 6996:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6943:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6692:Great Renunciation 6687:Eight Great Events 6569: 6414:New Riverside Cafe 6404:Lentil as Anything 6382:Former restaurants 6318:Crossroads Kitchen 6247:Alicia Silverstone 6182:Hetty Lui McKinnon 6132:Carol Lee Flinders 5990:Severin Wielobycki 5700:Charles W. Forward 5555:Charles R. Attwood 5329:Caldwell Esselstyn 4835:Moosewood Cookbook 4683:The Ethics of Diet 4545:Vegetarian Society 4515:ProVeg Deutschland 2489:Vegetarian cuisine 2413: 2395:Tibetan traditions 2370:Pure Land Buddhism 2169:Allium victorialis 1945:Great Renunciation 1864:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra 1836:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra 1800:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra 1683:Sister Uppalavanna 1640:The Buddha in the 1623:Theravada Buddhism 1560:Asoka Rock Edict 1 1118:Moggaliputta-Tissa 1100:Buddhist modernism 321:Buddhist modernism 201:schools of thought 189:Buddhist monastics 9200: 9199: 8838:Om mani padme hum 8544:Women in Buddhism 8460:Buddhist councils 8330:Western countries 8118:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7879:Shaolin Monastery 7456:Samatha-vipassanā 7066:Pratītyasamutpāda 6870:Metteyya/Maitreya 6788: 6780: 6772: 6764: 6756: 6748: 6740: 6617:Four Noble Truths 6527: 6526: 6328:Greens Restaurant 6212:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen 6082:Suzy Amis Cameron 6072:Edward Espe Brown 6067:Martha Brotherton 6028: 6027: 5965:Frederick Towgood 5930:James Scholefield 5875:R. E. O'Callaghan 5705:Michael Allen Fox 5680:Daniel Dombrowski 5585:George Bedborough 5570:Horace A. Barrows 5535:Phyllis B. Acosta 5429:John A. McDougall 5384:Avery Yale Kamila 5334:Gary L. Francione 5289:T. Colin Campbell 5239:Suzanne M. Babich 5136:The Game Changers 5080:Live and Let Live 5064:Forks Over Knives 5024:Peaceable Kingdom 5016:Post Punk Kitchen 5000:A Cow at My Table 4947:Vegetable Kingdom 4675:The Pleasure Boat 4659:Nature's Own Book 4627:Vegetable Cookery 4578: 4577: 4407:The Vegan Society 4220:Nutritional yeast 4100: 4099: 3936: 3935: 3857:Ovo vegetarianism 3804:Vegan school meal 3656:978-0-9990781-6-7 3646:Bhikkhu Mahinda, 3364:Food and Foodways 2793:"Amagandha Sutta" 2771:www.buddhanet.net 2747:Access to Insight 2691:www.buddhanet.net 2374:Nichiren Buddhism 2224:Dharmic religions 2058:According to the 1887:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1875:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1780:According to the 1530: 1529: 1416:K. N. Jayatilleke 1313:Acariya Anuruddha 870: 869: 352:Four Noble Truths 119: 118: 111: 93: 9240: 9190: 9189: 9178: 9177: 9017:Sacred languages 8865:Maya Devi Temple 8828:Mahabodhi Temple 8632:Secular Buddhism 8597:Engaged Buddhism 7437: 7285:Tibetan Buddhism 7236:Vietnamese Thiền 6835:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6786: 6778: 6770: 6762: 6754: 6746: 6738: 6587: 6586: 6574: 6564: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6531: 6530: 6500:Planetary health 6490:Sustainable diet 6480:Plant-based diet 6419:Nix (restaurant) 6333:Hiltl Restaurant 6282:Umberto Veronesi 6252:Hannah Sunderani 6227:Mathew Pritchard 6187:Tracye McQuirter 6097:Chloe Coscarelli 6035:cookbook authors 5980:Emil Weilshäuser 5855:Reuben D. Mussey 5835:William Metcalfe 5760:Philippe Hecquet 5675:Daniël de Clercq 5575:Geoffrey Barstow 5519:Sophie Zaïkowska 5409:Thomas Lepeltier 5364:A. Breeze Harper 5319:George Dornbusch 5284:Jodey Castricano 5219: 5218: 5185:Vegetarian Times 5128:Eating You Alive 5096:PlantPure Nation 4984:The Animals Film 4827:Laurel's Kitchen 4763:A Fleshless Diet 4525:ProVeg Nederland 4335: 4334: 4280:Vegetarian bacon 4193:Meat alternative 3945: 3944: 3745: 3744: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3586: 3551: 3550: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3511: 3502: 3501: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3454: 3448: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3415:. Archived from 3414: 3405: 3396: 3395: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3312: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3282:Wookwan (2018). 3279: 3273: 3272: 3266: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3037:. Archived from 3031: 3025: 3024: 3019:. Archived from 3013: 3007: 3006: 3001:. Archived from 2994: 2988: 2987: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2867:. Archived from 2861: 2855: 2854: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2819:Venerable Father 2814: 2808: 2807: 2797: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2773:. Archived from 2762: 2756: 2755: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2640:978-19093-14-740 2624: 2618: 2617: 2612:. Translated by 2600: 2594: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2580: 2567: 2563:"Asoka's Edicts" 2558: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2510: 2469:Buddhist cuisine 2452:Chatral Rinpoche 2378:Shingon Buddhism 2327:Chinese Buddhism 2321:Buddhist cuisine 2302: 2293: 2276: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2146: 2137: 2072:Common practices 1933: 1924: 1859:Brahmajāla Sūtra 1807:on meat eating: 1711:business in meat 1699:wrong livelihood 1642:Aṅguttara Nikāya 1617: 1581:meat consumption 1522: 1515: 1508: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1483: 1482: 1421:David Kalupahana 1080:Buddhist atomism 904: 879: 872: 871: 862: 855: 848: 832: 831: 559:Sublime abidings 250: 227: 226: 171: 157: 143: 129: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9237: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9184: 9166: 9118: 9033: 8948: 8685:Ordination hall 8646: 8548: 8519:Buddhist crisis 8431: 8128: 8080:Mahayana sutras 8056: 8052:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7883: 7756: 7696: 7646:Bodhisattva vow 7331: 7197: 7137: 7096:Taṇhā (Craving) 7031:Five hindrances 6982: 6874: 6804: 6658: 6603: 6575: 6558: 6528: 6523: 6443: 6434:The Hollow Reed 6424:Penny Cafeteria 6399:InSpiral Lounge 6377: 6296: 6242:Miyoko Schinner 6172:Linda McCartney 6167:Deborah Madison 6137:Alexis Gauthier 6052:Carleigh Bodrug 6034: 6024: 6010:Jon Wynne-Tyson 5995:Howard Williams 5880:Josiah Oldfield 5850:J. Howard Moore 5840:Eli Peck Miller 5800:W. R. C. Latson 5790:Daniel H. Kress 5730:Jeremiah Hacker 5690:Eknath Easwaran 5670:Lenna F. Cooper 5620:Ernest Bonnejoy 5580:Sidney H. Beard 5550:Thomas Allinson 5523: 5509:Corey Lee Wrenn 5504:Kim A. Williams 5274:Will Bulsiewicz 5249:Neal D. Barnard 5214: 5212: 5210: 5204: 5158: 5104:What the Health 4975:Films and shows 4969: 4875:The China Study 4747:The Meat Fetish 4602: 4600: 4594: 4574: 4493:Meatless Monday 4431: 4427:World Vegan Day 4327: 4319: 4290:Vegetarian mark 4106: 4096: 4016: 3932: 3886: 3813: 3736: 3727: 3664: 3560: 3558:Further reading 3555: 3554: 3535: 3531: 3512: 3505: 3498:dhammatalks.org 3492: 3491: 3487: 3476: 3472: 3455: 3451: 3438: 3434: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3399: 3356: 3352: 3343: 3341: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3319: 3317: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3280: 3276: 3264: 3258: 3254: 3242: 3240: 3238:www.shabkar.org 3232: 3231: 3227: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3138: 3134: 3121: 3119: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3015: 3014: 3010: 2995: 2991: 2974: 2970: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2815: 2811: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2777:on 2013-10-07. 2763: 2759: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2702: 2698: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2669: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2625: 2621: 2601: 2597: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2525: 2518:www.shabkar.org 2512: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2474:Buddhist ethics 2460: 2397: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2155:Allium chinense 2108: 2091:South East Asia 2079: 2074: 2016:14th Dalai Lama 1953: 1869:Mahamegha Sutra 1853:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 1828:sentient beings 1824:Mahayana sutras 1774:Buddhist ethics 1767: 1734:Buddhist ethics 1726:Amagandha Sutta 1681:translation by 1646:Sukhamala Sutta 1619: 1607: 1601: 1594: 1586:Mahayana sutras 1577: 1550: 1536: 1526: 1490: 1488: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1466:14th Dalai Lama 1451:Jamgon Kongtrul 1441:Thích Nhất Hạnh 1391:Keiji Nishitani 1356: 1348: 1347: 1298:Abhayakaragupta 1113: 1105: 1104: 1015:Buddhist ethics 1005: 997: 996: 912: 866: 826: 819: 818: 709: 699: 698: 649: 639: 638: 604: 594: 593: 499: 489: 488: 459:Mahayana Sutras 439: 429: 428: 369:Five Aggregates 347: 346: 326: 325: 316:Later Buddhists 281: 225: 179: 178: 177: 176: 175: 172: 163: 162: 161: 158: 149: 148: 147: 144: 135: 134: 133: 130: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9246: 9236: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9182: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9128: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9059: 9049: 9043: 9041: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9024: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8958: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8841: 8840: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8749:Greco-Buddhist 8741: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8700:Burmese pagoda 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8656: 8654: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8558: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8482:Greco-Buddhism 8479: 8474: 8473: 8472: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8415:United Kingdom 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8360:Czech Republic 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8310: 8309: 8308: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8250: 8249: 8239: 8234: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8124:Abhidharmadīpa 8121: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8066: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8042:B. R. Ambedkar 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7962:Songtsen Gampo 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7641:Eight precepts 7638: 7628: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7429: 7419: 7414: 7412:Five Strengths 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7207: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7153: 7147: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7051:Mental factors 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6903:Mahamoggallāna 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6818:Avalokiteśvara 6814: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6782: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6750: 6742: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6557: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6534: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6517:Pollotarianism 6514: 6512:Pescetarianism 6507:Flexitarianism 6504: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6202:Charity Morgan 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6177:Mary McCartney 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6152:Madhur Jaffrey 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6038: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5985:Ellen G. White 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5830:Elmer McCollum 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5810:Susan M. Levin 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5775:Isaac Jennings 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5755:William Harvey 5752: 5747: 5745:Alexander Haig 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5720:Mahatma Gandhi 5717: 5712: 5710:Peter Foxcroft 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5660:Antonio Cocchi 5657: 5655:Henry S. Clubb 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5565:Eduard Baltzer 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5540:William Alcott 5537: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5494:Sunaura Taylor 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5439:Vesanto Melina 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5404:Maxwell G. Lee 5401: 5396: 5391: 5389:Michael Klaper 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5359:Michael Greger 5356: 5354:Lewis Gompertz 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5279:Georges Butaud 5276: 5271: 5266: 5264:Yves Bonnardel 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5244:Martin Balluch 5241: 5236: 5234:Carol J. Adams 5231: 5225: 5223: 5216: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5008:Meet Your Meat 5004: 4996: 4988: 4979: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4907:Eating Animals 4903: 4895: 4887: 4879: 4871: 4863: 4855: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4799: 4791: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4755:The New Ethics 4751: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4719: 4711: 4703: 4695: 4687: 4679: 4671: 4663: 4655: 4647: 4639: 4631: 4623: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4488:Meat-free days 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4397:Vegan Outreach 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4332: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4146: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4124:Coconut burger 4121: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4077:Pythagoreanism 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4042: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3962:Animal welfare 3959: 3953: 3951: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3823: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3762:Black veganism 3759: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3663: 3662:External links 3660: 3659: 3658: 3644: 3637: 3630: 3620: 3609: 3606: 3590:Philip Kapleau 3587: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3529: 3503: 3485: 3470: 3449: 3432: 3397: 3350: 3326: 3299: 3292: 3286:. Seoul: ICP. 3274: 3252: 3225: 3205: 3178: 3157: 3132: 3104: 3092: 3078: 3071: 3051: 3026: 3023:on 2021-06-22. 3008: 3005:on 2011-07-17. 2989: 2968: 2950: 2947:on 2021-12-05. 2941:www.guoxue.com 2928: 2914: 2896: 2874: 2871:on 2013-11-05. 2856: 2853:on 2013-10-21. 2834: 2827: 2809: 2784: 2757: 2733: 2721: 2714: 2696: 2678: 2667: 2646: 2639: 2619: 2595: 2553: 2523: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2459: 2456: 2433:Chödrak Gyatso 2396: 2393: 2316: 2313: 2286:) vegetarian ( 2284:Avalokiteśvara 2107: 2104: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2033:Arjia Rinpoche 2021:Paul McCartney 1952: 1951:Vajrayana view 1949: 1937:Avalokiteśvara 1792:Gautama Buddha 1788:Mahayana sutra 1766: 1763: 1730:Kassapa Buddha 1595: 1593: 1592:Theravada view 1590: 1576: 1573: 1540:Greco-Buddhism 1532:Main article: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1461:Gendün Chöphel 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1411:Mahasi Sayadaw 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1386:Kitaro Nishida 1383: 1378: 1373: 1371:B. R. Ambedkar 1368: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293:Ratnākaraśānti 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1238:Guifeng Zongmi 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1123:Katyāyāniputra 1120: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 897: 896: 890: 889: 881: 880: 868: 867: 865: 864: 857: 850: 842: 839: 838: 837: 836: 821: 820: 817: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 710: 705: 704: 701: 700: 697: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 645: 644: 641: 640: 637: 636: 631: 626: 624:Pratyekabuddha 621: 616: 611: 605: 600: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 586: 581: 579:Buddhist chant 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 500: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 440: 437:Buddhist texts 435: 434: 431: 430: 427: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 365: 364: 354: 348: 345: 344: 339: 333: 332: 331: 328: 327: 324: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 282: 277: 276: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 252: 251: 243: 242: 236: 235: 224: 223:Early Buddhism 221: 217:sentient being 209:Gautama Buddha 173: 166: 165: 164: 159: 152: 151: 150: 145: 138: 137: 136: 131: 124: 123: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9245: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9181: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9121: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8954:Miscellaneous 8951: 8945: 8944:Vegetarianism 8942: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8766:Buddha in art 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8742: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8420:United States 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8059: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7977:Padmasambhava 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7889:Major figures 7886: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7835:Western tulku 7833: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7759: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636:Five precepts 7634: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7614:Dhamma vicaya 7612: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7382:Buddhābhiṣeka 7380: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7194: 7191: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026:Enlightenment 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7016:Dhamma theory 7014: 7012: 7011:Buddha-nature 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6850:Samantabhadra 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6767: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6751: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6555: 6550: 6548: 6543: 6541: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6465:Juice fasting 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6368:Veggie Galaxy 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272:Lauren Toyota 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6157:Mollie Katzen 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6122:Rip Esselstyn 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107:Sue Donaldson 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6031: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5955:Alan Stoddard 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5940:James Simpson 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5915:Rollo Russell 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5905:James Rachels 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5890:Cyril V. Pink 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5865:Scott Nearing 5863: 5861: 5860:Helen Nearing 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:Andrew Linzey 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5795:William Lambe 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5740:Walter Hadwen 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665:Edwin Collier 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5650:George Cheyne 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5630:J. L. Buttner 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5499:Richard Twine 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5489:David Sztybel 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5459:David Olivier 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5349:Valéry Giroux 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5254:David Benatar 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5229:Elisa Aaltola 5227: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5040:A Sacred Duty 5037: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4723:Figs or Pigs? 4720: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4614:(3rd century) 4613: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4372:Our Hen House 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4315:Veggie burger 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3957:Animal rights 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3918:Organizations 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3819:Vegetarianism 3816: 3810: 3809:Vegan studies 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3782:Straight edge 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3767:Fruitarianism 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3734:vegetarianism 3731: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3627:Lantern Books 3625: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3604:0-940306-00-X 3601: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3464:Atlas Obscura 3460: 3453: 3446: 3445:0-394-44311-X 3442: 3436: 3422:on 2019-04-29 3418: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3316: 3309: 3303: 3295: 3293:9781732191402 3289: 3285: 3278: 3270: 3263: 3256: 3249: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3209: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166:"Routine Day" 3161: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3041:on 2017-07-30 3040: 3036: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2972: 2965:. 2009-03-12. 2964: 2960: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2925:(in Chinese). 2924: 2918: 2911:(in Chinese). 2910: 2906: 2900: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2830: 2828:1-931044-81-3 2824: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2725: 2717: 2715:9781351592253 2711: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2670: 2668:1-59056-069-8 2664: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2642: 2636: 2633:. Windhorse. 2632: 2631: 2630:Vegetarianism 2623: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2592: 2581:on 2016-05-08 2577: 2573: 2572: 2564: 2557: 2550: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2405:Key Monastery 2401: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2385:Emperor Meiji 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:Emperor Tenmu 2328: 2322: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2179:, as well as 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089:countries of 2088: 2084: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939:'s birthday, 1938: 1934: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1765:Mahayana view 1762: 1759: 1757: 1756:Ajahn Sumedho 1753: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Vanijja Sutta 1692: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1604: 1600: 1589: 1587: 1582: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564:Maurya Empire 1561: 1557: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436:P. A. Payutto 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1396:Hajime Tanabe 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338:Sakya Chokden 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:Je Tsongkhapa 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:Sakya Pandita 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1283:Jñanasrimitra 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1090:Buddha-nature 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1070:Dharma theory 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1001: 1000: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 947:Lokottaravāda 945: 943: 942:Prajñaptivāda 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 914: 908: 907: 903: 899: 898: 895: 892: 891: 887: 883: 882: 878: 874: 873: 863: 858: 856: 851: 849: 844: 843: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 824: 823: 822: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 711: 708: 703: 702: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 648: 643: 642: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 603: 598: 597: 590: 589:Vegetarianism 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 544:Recollections 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 514:Five precepts 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 498: 493: 492: 485: 482: 480: 479:Chinese canon 477: 475: 474:Tibetan canon 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 438: 433: 432: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 363: 360: 359: 358: 355: 353: 350: 349: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 330: 329: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 280: 275: 274: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 254: 253: 249: 245: 244: 241: 238: 237: 233: 229: 228: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 183: 170: 156: 142: 128: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 9132:Bodhisattvas 9052:Christianity 9047:Baháʼí Faith 8943: 8912:Dharmachakra 8902:Prayer wheel 8892:Prayer beads 8660:Architecture 8539:969 Movement 8323:Saudi Arabia 8301:Central Asia 8294:South Africa 8116: 8099: 8032:Panchen Lama 7937:Buddhapālita 7533:Satipatthana 7528:Mindful Yoga 7441:Recollection 7355:Brahmavihara 7226:Japanese Zen 7221:Chinese Chan 7181:Animal realm 6988:Key concepts 6810:Bodhisattvas 6622:Three Jewels 6429:Pink Peacock 6409:Minerva Café 6373:Veggie Grill 6358:Souley Vegan 6353:Slutty Vegan 6292:Alan Wakeman 6267:Haile Thomas 6257:Bryant Terry 6147:Richa Hingle 6142:Dick Gregory 6047:Mayim Bialik 6015:Tzachi Zamir 5970:Sidney Trist 5820:Clair Linzey 5640:Job Caudwell 5615:George Black 5560:William Axon 5514:Laura Wright 5484:Peter Singer 5479:Jérôme Segal 5469:Emelia Quinn 5464:David Pearce 5449:David Nibert 5444:Gemma Newman 5424:Reed Mangels 5414:Howard Lyman 5339:Joel Fuhrman 5314:Alan Desmond 5299:Brenda Davis 5269:Will Bonsall 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5150: 5144:Maa Ka Doodh 5142: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5022: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4929: 4921: 4913: 4905: 4897: 4889: 4883:Skinny Bitch 4881: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4843:Fit for Life 4841: 4833: 4825: 4817: 4809: 4801: 4793: 4785: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4665: 4657: 4649: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4560:Viva! Health 4555:Veggie Pride 4443:Alcott House 4382:Plamil Foods 4359: 4300:Sausage roll 4176:Konjac jelly 4129:Coconut milk 4035:Christianity 4029: 3987:Meat paradox 3972:Deep ecology 3777:Raw veganism 3741:Perspectives 3647: 3640: 3633: 3623: 3593: 3574: 3568: 3542: 3532: 3519: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3462: 3452: 3435: 3424:. Retrieved 3417:the original 3370:(1): 33–62. 3367: 3363: 3353: 3342:. Retrieved 3338: 3329: 3318:. Retrieved 3314: 3302: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3255: 3247: 3241:. Retrieved 3237: 3228: 3217: 3208: 3197:. Retrieved 3190: 3181: 3173: 3160: 3145: 3135: 3126: 3120:. Retrieved 3116: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3081: 3061: 3054: 3043:. 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Retrieved 2536: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2441: 2426: 2414: 2382: 2347: 2342: 2324: 2310: 2301:Guānyīn zhāi 2299: 2273: 2260:), ten-day ( 2255: 2240: 2217: 2199: 2167: 2153: 2143: 2109: 2080: 2057: 2049: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2013: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1983:Jigme Lingpa 1972: 1965:Panchamakara 1954: 1930: 1914: 1912: 1903: 1899:jataka tales 1896: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1847: 1840:self-killing 1835: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1798: 1796: 1781: 1779: 1768: 1760: 1745: 1738: 1725: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1694: 1691:Jivaka Sutta 1690: 1689:Also in the 1688: 1676: 1673:Jivaka Sutta 1672: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1620: 1606: 1598: 1597: 1578: 1558: 1551: 1476: 1406:D. T. Suzuki 1366:Ledi Sayadaw 1268:Śāntarakṣita 1203:Chandrakirti 1188:Buddhapālita 1153:Saṃghabhadra 1024: 917:Vibhajyavāda 588: 539:Merit making 504:Three Jewels 444:Buddhavacana 374:Impermanence 362:Dharma wheel 181: 180: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 8977:Dharma talk 8806:Asalha Puja 8602:Eschatology 8405:Switzerland 8385:New Zealand 8313:Middle East 8222:Philippines 8142:Afghanistan 7947:Bodhidharma 7932:Buddhaghosa 7852:Householder 7762:Monasticism 7715:Bodhisattva 7570:Prostration 7523:Mindfulness 7451:Anapanasati 7434:Kammaṭṭhāna 7231:Korean Seon 7171:Asura realm 7166:Human realm 7106:Ten Fetters 7061:Parinirvana 6963:Uppalavanna 6928:Mahākaccana 6913:Mahākassapa 6845:Kṣitigarbha 6840:Ākāśagarbha 6737:Suddhodāna 6682:Four sights 6609:Foundations 6301:Restaurants 6262:Anna Thomas 6237:Derek Sarno 6117:Rose Elliot 6102:Yamuna Devi 6057:Gypsy Boots 6005:W. A. Sibly 6000:Frank Wokes 5885:Dean Ornish 5785:Norman Kerr 5765:Brian Hines 5750:Edward Hare 5735:John Haddon 5715:Greta Gaard 5645:James Clark 5635:Paul Carton 5600:Ragnar Berg 5595:Robert Bell 5590:Ernest Bell 5454:Jack Norris 5399:Renan Larue 5374:Melanie Joy 5369:Oscar Horta 5344:Kristi Funk 5324:Mylan Engel 5309:Jan Deckers 5304:Garth Davis 5294:Robert Cook 5259:Steven Best 5211:activists, 5209:Academics, 5019:(2003–2005) 4787:Ten Talents 4498:Friday Fast 4225:Plant cream 4166:Carrageenan 4114:Agave syrup 4002:Sentientism 3992:Nonviolence 3928:Vegan media 3923:Restaurants 3898:Vegetarians 3872:Ecofeminism 3577:: 455–464. 3543:Arya Kshema 3520:Arya Kshema 3269:shabkar.org 3128:physicians. 2335:Nihon Shoki 2275:Shí rì zhāi 2257:Liù rì zhāi 1892:D.T. Suzuki 1844:cannibalism 1832:bodhisattva 1679:unpublished 1614:James Legge 1343:Mikyö Dorje 1263:Jñānagarbha 1183:Dharmakirti 1168:Buddhadatta 1163:Buddhaghosa 967:Pramāṇavāda 937:Pudgalavada 932:Sautrāntika 774:New Zealand 629:Bodhisattva 614:Four Stages 569:Monasticism 549:Mindfulness 519:Perfections 449:Early Texts 9207:Categories 9094:Psychology 9074:Gnosticism 9062:Comparison 9057:Influences 9039:Comparison 8922:Bhavacakra 8880:Kushinagar 8855:Pilgrimage 8801:Māgha Pūjā 8756:Bodhi Tree 8572:Buddhology 8562:Abhidharma 8554:Philosophy 8487:Menander I 8355:Costa Rica 8306:Uzbekistan 8147:Bangladesh 8101:Dhammapada 8085:Pali Canon 8047:Ajahn Chah 8027:Dalai Lama 7927:Kumārajīva 7922:Vasubandhu 7897:The Buddha 7805:Zen master 7740:Sakadagami 7720:Buddhahood 7651:Pratimokṣa 7466:Shikantaza 7422:Meditation 7397:Deity yoga 7268:Madhyamaka 7161:Deva realm 7056:Mindstream 7006:Bodhicitta 6918:Aṅgulimāla 6785:Devadatta 6761:Yaśodharā 6664:The Buddha 6654:Middle Way 6495:Low-carbon 6475:Vegaphobia 6313:Cinnaholic 6287:Nisha Vora 6217:Gaz Oakley 6127:Toni Fiore 6092:Pinky Cole 6087:Hannah Che 6042:Nava Atlas 5900:Rod Preece 5695:T. Forster 5605:Rynn Berry 5528:Vegetarian 5419:Al-Ma'arri 5215:physicians 5171:Naked Food 5088:Cowspiracy 5032:Earthlings 4963:Meat Atlas 4483:Jewish Veg 4436:Vegetarian 4412:Veganmania 4392:Vegan flag 4275:Vegetables 4250:Soy yogurt 4230:Plant milk 4012:Tirukkuṟaḷ 4007:Speciesism 3882:By country 3842:Orthopathy 3426:2019-12-26 3344:2020-01-04 3320:2020-01-04 3243:2024-02-24 3199:2010-04-27 3122:2024-02-24 3072:0691009481 3045:2010-10-18 2585:2018-04-01 2543:2018-04-01 2500:References 2484:Aṅgulimāla 2444:Dalai Lama 2319:See also: 2160:asafoetida 2008:Bodhicitta 1961:Ganachakra 1872:, and the 1748:Ajahn Chah 1627:Pali Canon 1431:Buddhadasa 1328:Longchenpa 1288:Ratnakīrti 1273:Haribhadra 1208:Shantideva 1173:Dhammapāla 1148:Vasubandhu 1143:Harivarman 1060:Middle Way 1030:Abhidharma 957:Madhyamaka 927:Vaibhāṣika 911:Traditions 647:Traditions 584:Pilgrimage 524:Meditation 484:Post-canon 464:Pāli Canon 394:Middle Way 291:The Buddha 193:laypersons 69:newspapers 9162:Festivals 9142:Buddhists 9104:Theosophy 8907:Symbolism 8897:Hama yumi 8870:Bodh Gaya 8637:Socialism 8612:Evolution 8587:Economics 8425:Venezuela 8340:Australia 8335:Argentina 8259:Sri Lanka 8254:Singapore 8172:Indonesia 8134:Countries 8075:Tripiṭaka 8037:Ajahn Mun 7912:Nagarjuna 7907:Aśvaghoṣa 7790:Anagārika 7785:Śrāmaṇerī 7780:Śrāmaṇera 7775:Bhikkhunī 7735:Sotāpanna 7624:Passaddhi 7565:Offerings 7540:Nekkhamma 7417:Iddhipada 7337:Practices 7307:Theravada 7280:Vajrayana 7273:Yogachara 7243:Pure Land 7156:Six Paths 7143:Cosmology 6923:Anuruddha 6898:Sāriputta 6888:Kaundinya 6880:Disciples 6855:Vajrapāṇi 6707:Footprint 6672:Tathāgata 6033:Chefs and 5805:Elmer Lee 5474:Tom Regan 5379:Joel Kahn 5213:authors, 5163:Magazines 5072:Vegucated 4583:Companies 4417:Veganuary 4215:Mock duck 4107:and drink 4082:Rastafari 4022:Religious 3913:Festivals 3877:Nutrition 3794:Nutrition 3392:144177699 3384:0740-9710 3192:The Times 2219:Wǔ xīn sù 2181:coriander 2087:Theravada 2083:Sri Lanka 2077:Theravada 1957:Vajrayana 1941:Bodhi Day 1805:Manjushri 1741:elephants 1719:Devadatta 1703:layperson 1631:Devadatta 1456:Ju Mipham 1426:Ñāṇananda 1401:Masao Abe 1193:Bhāviveka 1133:Nagarjuna 1085:Suffering 1050:Emptiness 972:Vajrayana 962:Yogachara 922:Theravāda 794:Sri Lanka 784:Singapore 739:Indonesia 679:Vajrayāna 654:Theravāda 609:Awakening 497:Practices 454:Tripiṭaka 424:Cosmology 399:Emptiness 379:Suffering 99:June 2015 9180:Category 9109:Violence 9079:Hinduism 9027:Sanskrit 8982:Hinayana 8967:Amitābha 8927:Swastika 8796:Uposatha 8786:Holidays 8771:Calendar 8617:Humanism 8455:Kanishka 8445:Timeline 8269:Thailand 8237:Kalmykia 8232:Buryatia 8217:Pakistan 8202:Mongolia 8197:Maldives 8192:Malaysia 8157:Cambodia 8022:Shamarpa 8017:Nichiren 7967:Xuanzang 7902:Nagasena 7820:Rinpoche 7550:Pāramitā 7392:Devotion 7312:Navayana 7300:Dzogchen 7263:Nichiren 7211:Mahayana 7203:Branches 7081:Saṅkhāra 6830:Mañjuśrī 6787:(cousin) 6779:(cousin) 6747:(mother) 6739:(father) 6727:Miracles 6677:Birthday 6594:Glossary 6567:Buddhism 6277:Jeeca Uy 5975:Valluvar 5120:Dominion 4966:(annual) 4603:journals 4601:reports, 4530:Swissveg 4361:Go Vegan 4265:Tofurkey 4045:Hinduism 4030:Buddhism 3787:Hardline 3749:Veganism 3730:Veganism 3547:Archived 3524:Archived 3170:Archived 3152:Archived 3090:page 541 2983:HuffPost 2752:Archived 2657:(2004). 2458:See also 2417:vehicles 2389:red meat 2306:Zhaijiao 2280:Guan-yin 2232:Hinduism 2226:such as 2085:and the 1770:Mahayana 1675:, MN 55 1381:Yin Shun 1223:Xuanzang 1213:Sengzhao 1138:Aryadeva 1128:Nagasena 1075:Svabhava 1040:Not-self 992:Dzogchen 987:Zen/Chán 952:Mahayana 886:a series 884:Part of 804:Thailand 764:Mongolia 759:Malaysia 724:Cambodia 689:Navayana 669:Hinayana 664:Mahāyāna 574:Lay life 404:Morality 384:Not-self 342:Concepts 301:Councils 286:Timeline 258:Glossary 240:Buddhism 232:a series 230:Part of 205:Mahayana 197:Buddhism 186:Mahayana 9157:Temples 9137:Buddhas 9099:Science 9089:Judaism 9084:Jainism 9002:Lineage 8962:Abhijñā 8932:Thangka 8875:Sarnath 8860:Lumbini 8781:Funeral 8776:Cuisine 8652:Culture 8627:Reality 8577:Creator 8567:Atomism 8437:History 8410:Ukraine 8370:Germany 8289:Senegal 8279:Vietnam 8207:Myanmar 8007:Shinran 7997:Karmapa 7972:Shandao 7942:Dignāga 7867:Śrāvaka 7847:Donchee 7842:Kappiya 7800:Sayadaw 7770:Bhikkhu 7745:Anāgāmi 7702:Nirvana 7668:Samadhi 7555:Paritta 7496:Tonglen 7491:Mandala 7446:Smarana 7427:Mantras 7375:Upekkha 7345:Bhavana 7295:Shingon 7248:Tiantai 7101:Tathātā 7091:Śūnyatā 7086:Skandha 7076:Saṃsāra 7071:Rebirth 7046:Kleshas 7036:Indriya 6938:Subhūti 6823:Guanyin 6777:Ānanda 6769:Rāhula 6649:Nirvana 6589:Outline 6448:Related 6348:Purezza 5192:VegNews 5112:Carnage 5056:Planeat 4295:Sausage 4285:Hot dog 4171:Gulaman 4149:legumes 4144:cereals 4087:Sikhism 4072:Judaism 4067:Jainism 4050:Sattvic 3967:Carnism 3949:Secular 3862:Cuisine 3837:History 3772:History 3219:YouTube 2887:lirs.ru 2411:, India 2288:Chinese 2262:Chinese 2244:Chinese 2228:Jainism 2206:Chinese 2185:Chinese 2164:shallot 2132:Chinese 2120:Vietnam 2060:Kagyupa 2040:Karmapa 2002:wrote: 1975:tertöns 1932:Zhāi qí 1919:Chinese 1915:Zhai qi 1881:In the 1790:giving 1724:In the 1333:Gorampa 1318:Dolpopa 1308:Rongzom 1178:Dignāga 1095:Nirvana 977:Tiāntāi 814:Vietnam 769:Myanmar 684:Tibetan 674:Chinese 602:Nirvāṇa 419:Saṃsāra 414:Rebirth 279:History 268:Outline 83:scholar 9152:Sutras 9147:Suttas 9012:Siddhi 8997:Koliya 8972:Brahmā 8887:Poetry 8833:Mantra 8823:Kasaya 8695:Pagoda 8675:Kyaung 8670:Vihāra 8665:Temple 8607:Ethics 8450:Ashoka 8400:Sweden 8395:Poland 8390:Norway 8380:Mexico 8365:France 8350:Canada 8345:Brazil 8284:Africa 8264:Taiwan 8227:Russia 8152:Bhutan 8112:Vinaya 7992:Naropa 7982:Saraha 7917:Asanga 7673:Prajñā 7582:Refuge 7545:Nianfo 7506:Tertön 7501:Tantra 7486:Ganana 7476:Tukdam 7402:Dhyāna 7370:Mudita 7365:Karuṇā 7258:Risshū 7253:Huayan 7186:Naraka 7126:Anattā 7121:Dukkha 7116:Anicca 7021:Dharma 6973:Channa 6908:Ānanda 6893:Assaji 6860:Skanda 6763:(wife) 6732:Family 6712:Relics 6637:Sangha 6632:Dharma 6627:Buddha 5394:Aph Ko 5155:(2024) 5147:(2023) 5139:(2018) 5131:(2018) 5123:(2018) 5115:(2017) 5107:(2017) 5099:(2015) 5091:(2014) 5083:(2013) 5075:(2011) 5067:(2011) 5059:(2010) 5051:(2010) 5043:(2007) 5035:(2005) 5027:(2004) 5011:(2002) 5003:(1998) 4995:(1991) 4987:(1981) 4958:(2022) 4950:(2020) 4942:(2018) 4934:(2016) 4926:(2015) 4918:(2009) 4910:(2009) 4902:(2006) 4894:(2006) 4886:(2005) 4878:(2005) 4870:(1997) 4862:(1990) 4854:(1987) 4846:(1985) 4838:(1977) 4830:(1976) 4822:(1975) 4814:(1973) 4806:(1972) 4798:(1971) 4790:(1968) 4782:(1954) 4774:(1927) 4766:(1910) 4758:(1907) 4750:(1904) 4742:(1903) 4734:(1898) 4726:(1896) 4718:(1895) 4710:(1892) 4702:(1891) 4694:(1886) 4686:(1883) 4678:(1845) 4670:(1845) 4662:(1835) 4654:(1824) 4646:(1814) 4638:(1813) 4630:(1812) 4622:(1802) 4599:Books, 4422:Veganz 4330:events 4325:Groups 4270:Cheese 4255:Tempeh 4245:Seitan 4235:Quinoa 4188:Jambon 4139:Grains 4134:Fruits 4092:Taoism 4055:Ahimsa 3941:Ethics 3903:Vegans 3654: 3617:Taiwan 3613:Taipei 3602: 3583:592870 3581: 3443: 3390: 3382: 3290: 3069: 2825: 2712: 2665: 2637: 2604:Faxian 2464:Ahimsa 2446:, and 2421:Vinaya 2362:Tendai 2358:Tendai 2354:Saichō 2343:kegare 2339:Shinto 2298:: 2296:pinyin 2290:: 2272:: 2270:pinyin 2264:: 2254:: 2252:pinyin 2246:: 2216:: 2214:pinyin 2208:: 2198:: 2196:pinyin 2187:: 2166:, and 2150:garlic 2145:Wǔ xīn 2142:: 2140:pinyin 2134:: 2124:Taiwan 2099:Vinaya 1929:: 1927:pinyin 1921:: 1866:, the 1862:, the 1856:, the 1850:, the 1669:Jivaka 1635:Vinaya 1610:Faxian 1568:Sangha 1546:, and 1243:Wonhyo 1233:Fazang 1218:Jizang 1158:Asanga 1035:Ahimsa 1004:Themes 982:Huayan 799:Taiwan 779:Russia 719:Brazil 714:Bhutan 634:Buddha 554:Wisdom 337:Dharma 213:sutras 203:. The 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 9124:Lists 8992:Kalpa 8987:Iddhi 8850:Music 8845:Mudra 8811:Vassa 8791:Vesak 8761:Budai 8707:Candi 8690:Stupa 8622:Logic 8375:Italy 8274:Tibet 8212:Nepal 8182:Korea 8177:Japan 8167:India 8162:China 8107:Sutra 8062:Texts 8012:Dōgen 8002:Hōnen 7987:Atiśa 7952:Zhiyi 7862:Achar 7830:Tulku 7825:Geshe 7810:Rōshi 7795:Ajahn 7750:Arhat 7710:Bodhi 7680:Vīrya 7597:Sacca 7592:Satya 7587:Sādhu 7575:Music 7518:Merit 7511:Terma 7471:Zazen 7407:Faith 7360:Mettā 7041:Karma 7001:Bardo 6968:Asita 6958:Khema 6948:Upāli 6933:Nanda 6771:(son) 6745:Māyā 6722:Films 6599:Index 6062:BOSH! 5222:Vegan 5178:Satya 4338:Vegan 4240:Quorn 4210:Mochi 4062:Islam 3891:Lists 3579:JSTOR 3420:(PDF) 3413:(PDF) 3388:S2CID 3311:(PDF) 3265:(PDF) 2796:(PDF) 2579:(PDF) 2566:(PDF) 2479:Upaya 2429:Tibet 2409:Spiti 2350:Kūkai 2189:純素/淨素 2177:genus 2174:onion 2128:fetid 2116:Korea 2112:China 2095:monks 2052:India 1979:Tibet 1955:Some 1653:Jaina 1644:3.38 1376:Taixu 1278:Atiśa 1258:Dōgen 1253:Kūkai 1248:Jinul 1228:Zhiyi 1055:Karma 809:Tibet 749:Korea 744:Japan 734:India 729:China 694:Newar 619:Arhat 409:Karma 263:Index 90:JSTOR 76:books 9022:Pāḷi 9007:Māra 8917:Flag 8318:Iran 8242:Tuva 8187:Laos 7815:Lama 7663:Śīla 7631:Śīla 7619:Pīti 7609:Sati 7560:Puja 7481:Koan 7387:Dāna 6978:Yasa 6865:Tārā 4328:and 4310:Wine 4305:Beer 4260:Tofu 4205:Miso 4161:Agar 4105:Food 3732:and 3652:ISBN 3600:ISBN 3441:ISBN 3380:ISSN 3288:ISBN 3102:2000 3067:ISBN 2823:ISBN 2710:ISBN 2663:ISBN 2635:ISBN 2435:and 2352:and 2065:tsok 2014:The 1968:puja 1943:and 1842:and 1797:The 1786:, a 754:Laos 659:Pāli 191:and 62:news 8744:Art 8680:Wat 7216:Zen 3372:doi 2427:In 2366:Zen 2292:觀音齋 2278:), 2266:十日齋 2248:六日齋 2210:五辛素 2110:In 1994:In 1977:of 1894:). 45:by 9209:: 8246:ru 3615:, 3592:, 3575:27 3573:. 3545:. 3541:. 3522:. 3518:. 3506:^ 3496:. 3461:. 3400:^ 3386:. 3378:. 3368:16 3366:. 3362:. 3337:. 3313:. 3267:. 3246:. 3236:. 3216:. 3189:. 3168:. 3150:. 3144:. 3125:. 3115:. 2980:. 2961:. 2939:. 2907:. 2889:. 2885:. 2845:. 2802:. 2798:. 2769:. 2744:. 2689:. 2671:. 2588:. 2568:. 2546:. 2535:. 2516:. 2439:. 2407:, 2368:, 2294:; 2268:; 2250:; 2234:, 2212:; 2194:; 2162:, 2158:, 2152:, 2138:; 2136:五辛 2122:, 2118:, 2114:, 2093:, 2042:, 1998:, 1981:, 1925:; 1923:齋期 1878:. 1701:a 1677:, 1661:if 1608:— 1588:. 1542:, 888:on 789:US 234:on 219:. 8248:) 8244:( 7462:) 7458:( 6553:e 6546:t 6539:v 4041:) 4037:( 3722:e 3715:t 3708:v 3629:. 3619:. 3585:. 3467:. 3447:. 3429:. 3394:. 3374:: 3347:. 3323:. 3296:. 3271:. 3222:. 3202:. 3048:. 2986:. 2831:. 2718:. 2693:. 2643:. 2616:. 2520:. 2282:( 2191:齋 1917:( 1616:) 1521:e 1514:t 1507:v 861:e 854:t 847:v 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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