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1351:. He or she does not expect immediate feedback from any listeners. The message is broadcast across airwaves throughout the community, but there the listeners cannot always respond immediately, especially since many radio shows are recorded prior to the actual air time. Conversely, receivers can select opt-in or opt-out of getting broadcast messages using an Excel file, offering them control over the information they receive
40:
4087:
4118:
811:
Internet
Webcast: the audience pays to recharge and buy virtual gifts for the anchor, and the platform converts the gifts into virtual currency. The anchor withdraws the virtual currency, which is drawn by the platform. If the anchor belongs to a trade union, it will be settled by the trade union and
136:). The receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively small subset; the point is that anyone with the appropriate receiving technology and equipment (e.g., a radio or television set) can receive the signal. The field of broadcasting includes both government-managed services such as
1334:
Broadcasting focuses on getting a message out and it is up to the general public to do what they wish with it. Peters also states that broadcasting is used to address an open-ended destination. There are many forms of broadcasting, but they all aim to distribute a signal that will reach the target
120:
evolved from its use as the agricultural method of sowing seeds in a field by casting them broadly about. It was later adopted for describing the widespread distribution of information by printed materials or by telegraph. Examples applying it to "one-to-many" radio transmissions of an individual
241:, Nova Scotia, Canada, became the world's first radio message to cross the Atlantic from North America. In 1904, a commercial service was established to transmit nightly news summaries to subscribing ships, which incorporated them into their onboard newspapers.
1330:
once the main source releases it. There is no way to predetermine how the larger population or audience will absorb the message. They can choose to listen, analyze, or ignore it. Dissemination in communication is widely used in the world of broadcasting.
454:
is used to retrieve the signal containing the visual or audio information. The broadcast signal can be either analog (signal is varied continuously with respect to the information) or digital (information is encoded as a set of discrete values).
625:): meant for direct-to-home broadcast programming (as opposed to studio network uplinks and down-links), provides a mix of traditional radio or television broadcast programming, or both, with dedicated satellite radio programming. (See also:
2086:"Информационно – развлекательный портал – DIWAXX.RU – мобильная связь, безопасность ПК и сетей, компьютеры и программы, общение, железо, секреты Windows, web-дизайн, раскрутка и оптимизация сайта, партнерские программы"
1744:(London), 14 October 1898, p. 815: "there are rare cases where, as Dr. Lodge once expressed it, it might be advantageous to 'shout' the message, spreading it broadcast to receivers in all directions".
377:
constraints on the representation. In general usage, broadcasting most frequently refers to the transmission of information and entertainment programming from various sources to the general public:
207:), are also considered broadcasts but do not necessarily require a license (though in some countries, a license is required). In the 2000s, transmissions of television and radio programs via
1628:
5030:
977:
telecast. American radio-network broadcasters habitually forbade prerecorded broadcasts in the 1930s and 1940s, requiring radio programs played for the
Eastern and Central
739:: for-profit, usually privately owned stations, channels, networks, or services providing programming to the public, supported by the sale of air time to advertisers for
1771:
1314:
is a lens—sometimes a usefully distorting one—that helps us tackle basic issues such as interaction, presence, and space and time ... on the agenda of any future
1698:, 1877, p. 74: "in the case of the estimates sent broadcast by the Department of Agriculture, in its latest annual report, the extent has been sadly underestimated".
422:
The world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks more than quadrupled during the two decades from 1986 to 2007, from 432
1986:
237:
by radio. Audio radio broadcasting began experimentally in the first decade of the 20th century. On 17 December 1902, a transmission from the
Marconi station in
1891:
1819:
3362:
259:
again accelerated the development of radio for the wartime purposes of aircraft and land communication, radio navigation, and radar. Development of stereo
812:
the live broadcasting platform, and the anchor will get the salary and part of the bonus. This is the most common profit model of live broadcast products.
446:
to numerous receivers. The high-frequency wave sent by the tower is modulated with a signal containing visual or audio information. The receiver is then
1733:
1710:
1691:
1936:
1721:, December 1886, p. 334: "operations formerly described in the city press alone, are now sent broadcast through the country by multiple telegraph".
832:(CPB), which is allocated bi-annually by Congress. US public broadcasting corporate and charitable grants are generally given in consideration of
5077:
2301:
2275:
1540:
1910:
1003:, prerecorded broadcasts from war correspondents were allowed on U.S. radio. In addition, American radio programs were recorded for playback by
982:
1962:
314:
was initiated in the 1960s and moved into general industry usage in the 1970s, with DBS (Direct
Broadcast Satellites) emerging in the 1980s.
4493:
4429:
4070:
4042:
4037:
3062:
2604:
4795:
1013:
A disadvantage of recording first is that the public may learn the outcome of an event before the recording is broadcast, which may be a
263:
of radio began in the 1930s in the United States and the 1970s in the United
Kingdom, displacing AM as the dominant commercial standard.
4545:
2115:
2007:
4154:
2391:
2179:
430:. This is the information equivalent of 55 newspapers per person per day in 1986, and 175 newspapers per person per day by 2007.
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The final leg of broadcast distribution is how the signal gets to the listener or viewer. It may come over the air as with a
4401:
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3196:
5364:
5070:
4854:
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4054:
3900:
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2008:"video animation on The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information from 1986 to 2010"
3826:
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761:, publicly owned stations or networks supported by license fees, government funds, grants from foundations, corporate
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1875:
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broadcasting (1881–1932): the earliest form of electronic broadcasting (not counting data services offered by stock
5182:
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4486:
3705:
3253:
3055:
1815:
366:
283:
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is often used to distinguish networks that broadcast over-the-air television signals that can be received using a
481:("Theatre Phone") systems, which were telephone-based distribution systems allowing subscribers to listen to live
5137:
3816:
3002:
2850:
1110:
link, now usually by satellite. Distribution to stations or networks may also be through physical media, such as
1037:
in the 1980s. Many events are advertised as being live, although they are often recorded live (sometimes called "
965:. The former allows correcting errors, and removing superfluous or undesired material, rearranging it, applying
302:, interrupted experiments resumed and television became an important home entertainment broadcast medium, using
5623:
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as "transmissions intended for reception by the general public, either direct or relayed". Private or two-way
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1045:"). This is particularly true of performances of musical artists on radio when they visit for an in-studio
362:
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can include some of the aspects including slow-motion clips of important goals/hits, etc., in between the
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Telecommunications, Mass Media, and
Democracy: The Battle for the Control of U.S. Broadcasting, 1928–1935
1498:
649:) streams: offers a mix of traditional radio and television station broadcast programming with dedicated
506:
385:
5274:
1932:
939:
An "On Air" sign is illuminated, usually in red, while a broadcast or recording session is taking place.
509:
were the first examples of electrical/electronic broadcasting and offered a wide variety of programming.
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132:, though more recently, both radio and television transmissions have begun to be distributed by cable (
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183:
Transmission of radio and television programs from a radio or television station to home receivers by
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1997:, 332(6025), 60–65; free access to the article through here: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html
1918:
1519:
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can gather a large number of followers who tune in every day to specifically listen to that specific
1339:. Broadcasters typically arrange audiences into entire assemblies. In terms of media broadcasting, a
1255:
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beginning on 30 September 1929. However, for most of the 20th century, televisions depended on the
74:
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2372:, Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 211–222,
1958:
1318:
in general". Dissemination focuses on the message being relayed from one main source to one large
233:, showing by 1901 that they could be transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean. This was the start of
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and repetitions, and other techniques to enhance the program. However, some live events like
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A broadcast may be distributed through several physical means. If coming directly from the
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The first regular television broadcasts started in 1937. Broadcasts can be classified as
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began developing a wireless communication using the then-newly discovered phenomenon of
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1347:. The disc jockey follows the script for his or her radio show and just talks into the
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2276:"about.com – Broadcast Technician or Sound Engineering Technician: Career Information"
1983:
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Electronic Code of
Federal Regulation. (28 September 2017). Retrieved 2 October 2017.
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Electronic Media, A Guide to Trends in
Broadcasting and Newer Technologies 1920–1983
985:). This restriction was dropped for special occasions, as in the case of the German
732:
There are several means of providing financial support for continuous broadcasting:
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1984:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"
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are excluded from the definition). Telephone broadcasting began with the advent of
459:
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267:
255:
began in the 1920s and became an important mass medium for entertainment and news.
200:
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133:
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Crystal Clear: The
Struggle for Reliable Communications Technology in World War II
1102:, played either live or recorded for later transmission. Networks of stations may
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which differ from commercial advertisements in that they are governed by specific
82:
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demonstrated the transmission of moving pictures at the London department store
113:
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digital technology have increasingly been referred to as broadcasting as well.
97:
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restrictions, which prohibit the advocacy of a product or a "call to action".
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2347:
American
Broadcasting: A Source Book on the History of Radio and Television
1478:
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2595:, for American radio station with format, power, and coverage information.
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1688:
The Hand-book of Wyoming and Guide to the Black Hills and Big Horn Regions
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during or in breaks between programs, often in combination with cable or
632:
578:
524:
520:
474:
451:
294:. The first version of such a television to show promise was produced by
275:
244:
90:
5055:
2518:
The American Radio Industry and Its Latin American Activities, 1900–1939
2160:, Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 211–222,
100:. Before this, most implementations of electronic communication (early
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4527:
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2420:
International bibliography – History of wireless and radio broadcasting
1577:
1424:, though one may now serve an entire station group in a city. In small
1382:
1348:
1340:
1327:
1267:
1258:. As with all technological endeavors, a number of technical terms and
1042:
1030:
1026:
1022:
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562:
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271:
230:
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784:, by a community group to provide programs of local interest known as
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Historically, there have been several methods used for broadcasting
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are also essential parts of broadcast engineering, being their own
1336:
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935:
423:
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389:
86:
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27:
Distribution of audio or audiovisual content to dispersed audiences
1233:
156:. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, title 47, part 97 defines
5264:
5232:
4692:
4647:
4601:
4451:
3983:
3968:
3186:
2726:
2356:
in Downing, J., Mohammadi, A., and Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. (eds),
2201:"How to Send Broadcast Messages on WhatsApp Using an Excel File?"
1046:
981:
to be repeated three hours later for the Pacific time zone (See:
797:
486:
350:
164:
transmissions do not qualify under this definition. For example,
4162:
2592:
765:, audience memberships, contributions or a combination of these.
597:, but later expanding into a broad universe of cable-originated
39:
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501:
which were introduced in the 1890s, primarily located in large
172:(CB) radio operators are not allowed to broadcast. As defined,
489:
performances over telephone lines, created by French inventor
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4524:
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282:. It formed the basis of experimental broadcasts done by the
116:, with the message intended for a single recipient. The term
101:
89:, which came into popular use around 1920 with the spread of
62:
58:
2497:
Media at War: Radio's Challenge to the Newspapers, 1924–1939
2462:
International Radio Journalism: History, Theory and Practice
2234:. Graham Jones (4th ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
1278:, often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having a
4285:
3940:
2278:. Careerplanning.about.com. 8 November 2010. Archived from
1868:
Living Stereo: Histories and Cultures of Multichannel Sound
1287:
1240:
298:
and demonstrated to his family on 7 September 1927. After
4501:
2085:
1119:
825:
796:; however, in some cases they may be operated by a local
307:
303:
121:
station to multiple listeners appeared as early as 1898.
1126:(ENG) returns a story to the station for inclusion on a
1274:
programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or
2560:
Stay Tuned: A Concise History of American Broadcasting
1865:
1262:
have developed. A list of these terms can be found at
1106:
the same programming at the same time, originally via
1098:
out to the world. Programming may also come through a
1762:
1254:
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a
493:
in 1881. Telephone broadcasting also grew to include
124:
Over-the-air broadcasting is usually associated with
1800:. Tesla Memorial Society of New York. Archived from
1199:
from so-called networks that are broadcast only via
515:(experimentally from 1906, commercially from 1920);
1770:. AlJazeera Media Training and Development Centre.
788:. Community stations are most commonly operated by
565:broadcasting (telecast), experimentally from 1925,
361:represents the original time-varying quantity as a
2231:A Broadcast Engineering Tutorial for Non-Engineers
2034:
1651:
1310:is a tool used for dissemination. Peters stated, "
1161:) via the station or directly from a network. The
2345:Lichty Lawrence W., and Topping Malachi C., eds,
2335:, New York and London: Routledge, pp. 201–30
1894:. MZTV Museum of Television. 2006. Archived from
1326:in between. It is possible for the message to be
1049:performance. Similar situations have occurred in
569:from the 1930s: an extension of radio to include
5636:
4396:Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service
2599:Jim Hawkins' Radio and Broadcast Technology Page
2041:(4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp.
2000:
1977:
816:Broadcasters may rely on a combination of these
438:In a broadcast system, the central high-powered
203:(which also retransmits OTA stations with their
30:"Broadcast" redirects here. For other uses, see
2411:The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation
2026:
1541:North American broadcast television frequencies
450:so as to pick up the high-frequency wave and a
345:to another quantity. For example, in an analog
2483:Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry
2469:On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio
2360:(Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1995), pp. 39–53
1866:Théberge, P.; Devine, K.; Everrett, T (2015).
1763:Maccise, Diana Larrea; Montaser Marai (2018).
1033:broadcasts from Germany in the 1940s and with
983:Effects of time on North American broadcasting
426:of (optimally compressed) information, to 1.9
195:broadcasting and in most countries requires a
5071:
4487:
4148:
3056:
2626:
2532:This ... is CBS: A Chronicle of 60 Years
2342:, fourth edition (Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984).
1658:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1173:television to the recipient, especially with
317:Originally, all broadcasting was composed of
199:. Transmissions using a wire or cable, like
4430:Multichannel multipoint distribution service
4163:Wireless video and data distribution methods
1993:, Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011),
1328:changed or corrupted by government officials
4071:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2558:Sterling Christopher, and Kittross John M.
2506:(University of North Carolina Press, 1946).
2409:, in Mackay, H., and O'Sullivan, T. (eds),
1021:from deviating from an officially approved
882:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
700:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5078:
5064:
4494:
4480:
4155:
4141:
4107:
3063:
3049:
2633:
2619:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
1654:Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899–1922
1432:basis for one or more stations as needed.
843:
325:techniques but in the 2000s, broadcasters
5085:
2370:Communication as…: Perspectives on Theory
2158:Communication as…: Perspectives on Theory
902:Learn how and when to remove this message
720:Learn how and when to remove this message
247:accelerated the development of radio for
2304:. skillset. 25 July 2012. Archived from
1840:
1719:Saint Louis Medical and Surgical Journal
1609:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1400:Broadcast engineering involves both the
1354:
1232:
942:
934:
915:
341:representing some other quantity, i.e.,
38:
2138:
1908:
1795:
1649:
1589:
462:audio and video to the general public:
14:
5637:
4303:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
3070:
2568:World Broadcasting: A Comparative View
2520:(University of Illinois Press, 1990).
2363:
2354:Mediating Communication: What Happens?
2151:
2032:
1816:"TR Center – Talking Across the Ocean"
1643:
1602:
1365:Broadcast engineering is the field of
1017:. Prerecording may be used to prevent
5059:
4872:
4475:
4424:Local multipoint distribution service
4136:
3044:
2614:
2513:(University of Illinois Press, 1960).
2227:
2223:
2221:
2010:. Ideas.economist.com. Archived from
1596:
1465:– contains the standards of the topic
820:. For example, in the United States,
4402:Multipoint Video Distribution System
4117:
2413:(London: Sage, 1999), pp. 12–27
2096:from the original on 3 November 2017
1568:Television broadcasting in Australia
1535:Nonbroadcast Multiple Access Network
880:adding citations to reliable sources
847:
698:adding citations to reliable sources
665:
497:services for news and entertainment
2474:Ewbank Henry and Lawton Sherman P.
2450:(Syracuse University Press, 1984).
2394:from the original on 22 August 2022
2256:from the original on 25 August 2022
2182:from the original on 22 August 2022
830:Corporation for Public Broadcasting
24:
4873:
2601:– History of broadcast transmitter
2476:Broadcasting: Radio and Television
2446:Covert Cathy, and Stevens John L.
2425:
2340:Documents of American Broadcasting
2218:
1965:from the original on 8 August 2022
1939:from the original on 8 August 2022
1822:from the original on 17 April 2021
768:Community broadcasting: a form of
661:
251:. After the war, commercial radio
25:
5661:
2586:
2435:(Oxford University Press, 1968);
1777:from the original on 24 June 2021
1631:from the original on 30 July 2022
1469:Broadcasting in the United States
274:. Baird's device relied upon the
5619:
5618:
5273:
5028:
4347:Mobile broadband wireless access
4116:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4085:
3706:Free-space optical communication
2747:BitTorrent television and movies
2640:
2366:"Communication as Dissemination"
2154:"Communication as Dissemination"
1228:
852:
670:
519:signals sent through the air as
284:British Broadcasting Corporation
5138:Computer-mediated communication
3003:Director of network programming
2324:
2294:
2268:
2193:
2108:
2078:
2059:
1951:
1933:"Analogue Signal – an overview"
1925:
1909:Postman, Neil (29 March 1999).
1902:
1884:
1859:
1834:
1818:. theodorerooseveltcenter.org.
85:model. Broadcasting began with
4968:Error detection and correction
2705:Digital terrestrial television
2485:(The Macmillan Company, 1949).
2478:(Harper & Brothers, 1952).
1808:
1789:
1756:
1747:
1724:
1701:
1680:
1562:Society of Broadcast Engineers
505:cities. These telephone-based
73:, but typically one using the
13:
1:
4385:Educational Broadband Service
2978:Television news screen layout
2607:– Broadcast Industry Glossary
2605:Indie Digital Cinema Services
2492:Oxford University Press, 1994
2471:Oxford University Press, 1998
643:
636:
619:
608:
353:varies continuously with the
278:and thus became known as the
5260:Text and conversation theory
4092:Telecommunication portal
3873:Telecommunications equipment
2945:Broadcast television systems
2851:Children's television series
2364:Peters, John Durham (2006),
2302:"Transmission Engineer – TV"
2152:Peters, John Durham (2006),
1603:Peters, John Durham (1999).
1505:List of broadcast satellites
1463:Broadcast television systems
1029:broadcast, as occurred with
7:
5041:Comparison of radio systems
3609:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2847:Children's interest channel
2448:Mass Media Between the Wars
1959:"Digital Signal Processing"
1841:Thompson, R.J. Jr. (2011).
1499:European Broadcasting Union
1435:
1428:the engineer may work on a
1397:of electrical engineering.
826:Public Broadcasting Service
442:transmits a high-frequency
355:pressure of the sound waves
349:, the instantaneous signal
10:
5666:
5014:International broadcasting
4983:FM extended band in Brazil
4379:Advanced Wireless Services
4311:Digital Video Broadcasting
3313:Telecommunications history
2573:Greenwood Publishing Group
2075:, HowStuffWorks.com, 2006.
1650:Douglas, Susan J. (1987).
1510:List of broadcasting terms
1358:
1290:, the latter also enables
1264:List of broadcasting terms
1059:is recorded in front of a
808:or a municipal government.
635:of video/television (from
605:Direct-broadcast satellite
433:
394:digital audio broadcasting
369:values which imposes some
337:. An analog signal is any
225:In 1894, Italian inventor
218:
214:
71:mass communications medium
43:A broadcasting antenna in
32:Broadcast (disambiguation)
29:
5614:
5403:
5282:
5271:
5111:
5093:
5022:
5001:
4940:
4900:
4879:
4868:
4824:
4781:
4751:
4715:
4680:
4673:
4625:
4554:
4523:
4516:
4439:
4416:
4278:
4260:Satellite Internet access
4247:
4199:
4168:
4080:
4022:
3959:
3921:Public Switched Telephone
3881:
3845:
3802:
3743:
3733:telecommunication circuit
3694:Fiber-optic communication
3677:
3439:Francis Blake (telephone)
3386:
3234:Optical telecommunication
3078:
2953:Digital on-screen graphic
2925:
2866:Movie television channels
2842:Adult television channels
2830:
2756:
2648:
2378:10.4135/9781483329055.n23
2166:10.4135/9781483329055.n23
1961:. ScienceDirect Journal.
1870:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1520:List of television awards
1369:, and now to some extent
1124:electronic news gathering
1082:, it is sent through the
745:television advertisements
5218:Nonviolent communication
5148:History of communication
3832:Orbital angular-momentum
3269:Satellite communications
3108:Communications satellite
2917:Women's interest channel
2544:Sterling Christopher H.
2504:The People Look at Radio
2499:Praeger Publishers, 1995
2333:Communication as Culture
1935:. ScienceDirect Topics.
1322:without the exchange of
1302:services. In his essay,
1177:allowing the signal and
1100:communications satellite
780:, is owned, operated or
642:) and audio/radio (from
75:electromagnetic spectrum
5213:Nonverbal communication
5203:Models of communication
4993:Shortwave relay station
4892:Audio signal processing
3711:Molecular communication
3534:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3363:Undersea telegraph line
3098:Cable protection system
2781:Multichannel television
2771:Commercial broadcasting
2742:Peer-to-peer television
2534:(Prentice Hall, 1988).
2407:The Media and Modernity
2349:(Hastings House, 1975).
2116:"Broadcast Terminology"
1796:Vujovic, Ljubo (1998).
1181:to be shared. The term
1084:studio/transmitter link
1078:at a single station or
925:production control room
844:Recorded and live forms
737:Commercial broadcasting
249:military communications
221:History of broadcasting
65:content to a dispersed
4887:Audio data compression
4222:Terrestrial television
3853:Communication protocol
3639:Charles Sumner Tainter
3454:Walter Houser Brattain
3399:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3207:Information revolution
2861:Men's interest channel
2817:Religious broadcasting
2071:2 January 2016 at the
2033:Haykin, Simon (2001).
1573:Television transmitter
1375:information technology
1367:electrical engineering
1251:
1165:may also bring either
1149:, or may come through
1096:radio masts and towers
954:
940:
932:
589:(from 1932): both via
402:digital Radio Mondiale
312:Satellite broadcasting
47:
5365:Mediated cross-border
5087:Communication studies
4988:Multipath propagation
4811:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
4681:Frequency allocations
4556:Frequency allocations
4239:Visual sensor network
3827:Polarization-division
3559:Narinder Singh Kapany
3524:Erna Schneider Hoover
3444:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3424:Alexander Graham Bell
3155:online video platform
2495:Gwenyth L. Jackaway;
2488:Robert W. McChesney;
2481:Maclaurin W. Rupert.
2358:Questioning The Media
2331:Carey, James (1989),
2037:Communication Systems
1921:on 30 September 2009.
1731:"Wireless Telegraphy"
1713:1 August 2020 at the
1708:"Medical Advertising"
1694:1 August 2020 at the
1606:Speaking into the Air
1453:Broadcast engineering
1361:Broadcast engineering
1355:Broadcast engineering
1236:
1051:television production
997:Lakehurst, New Jersey
946:
938:
919:
822:National Public Radio
549:broadcast syndication
507:subscription services
280:mechanical television
154:commercial television
42:
5300:Communication theory
5295:Communication design
4941:Technical (emission)
4234:Satellite television
3669:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3629:Almon Brown Strowger
3599:Charles Grafton Page
3254:Prepaid mobile phone
3182:Electrical telegraph
3010:Outside broadcasting
2509:Schramm Wilbur, ed.
2338:Kahn, Frank J., ed.
2282:on 18 September 2005
2228:Pizzi, Skip (2014).
1736:27 July 2020 at the
1590:Notes and references
1515:List of radio awards
1408:aspects (the entire
1371:computer engineering
1316:communication theory
1218:broadcast television
1209:satellite television
876:improve this section
694:improve this section
627:Satellite television
543:to broadcast common
444:electromagnetic wave
335:digital transmission
197:broadcasting license
4292:Long Term Evolution
4270:Wireless local loop
4212:Internet television
3619:Johann Philipp Reis
3378:Wireless revolution
3340:The Telephone Cases
3197:Hydraulic telegraph
2912:Sports broadcasting
2856:Documentary channel
2812:Public broadcasting
2719:Internet television
2511:Mass Communications
2502:Lazarsfeld Paul F.
2352:Meyrowitz, Joshua,
2126:on 16 November 2017
1989:31 May 2011 at the
1804:on 14 January 2016.
1765:"Mobile Journalism"
1377:, which deals with
1280:cable converter box
1223:television programs
1090:and hence from the
929:Olympia, Washington
755:Public broadcasting
655:Internet television
595:television stations
495:telephone newspaper
471:telegraph companies
386:digital audio radio
384:radio (AM, FM) vs.
323:analog transmission
235:wireless telegraphy
69:via any electronic
5650:Telecommunications
5330:Discourse analysis
5255:Telecommunications
5198:Meta-communication
4265:Wireless broadband
4207:Amateur television
4186:Radio broadcasting
3817:Frequency-division
3794:Telephone exchange
3664:Charles Wheatstone
3594:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3569:Innocenzo Manzetti
3504:Reginald Fessenden
3239:Optical telegraphy
3072:Telecommunications
3025:Television licence
2993:Broadcast designer
2562:(Wadsworth, 1978).
2014:on 18 January 2012
1911:"Philo Farnsworth"
1557:Reality television
1489:Digital television
1304:John Durham Peters
1252:
1225:of such networks.
1197:television antenna
1139:television station
1092:television antenna
1080:television station
1010:around the world.
1005:Armed Forces Radio
999:, in 1937. During
955:
941:
933:
834:underwriting spots
774:television station
751:subscription fees.
527:, picked up by an
513:Radio broadcasting
412:digital television
266:On 25 March 1925,
187:is referred to as
180:are not the same.
162:telecommunications
94:radio transmitters
48:
5632:
5631:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
4973:FM broadcast band
4880:Technical (audio)
4777:
4776:
4669:
4668:
4469:
4468:
4217:Mobile television
4130:
4129:
3868:Store and forward
3863:Data transmission
3777:Network switching
3728:Transmission line
3574:Guglielmo Marconi
3539:Internet pioneers
3404:Mohamed M. Atalla
3373:Whistled language
3038:
3037:
3030:Television studio
2998:Broadcast license
2985:Network affiliate
2968:On-screen display
2935:Broadcast network
2905:Livestreamed news
2895:Business channels
2890:News broadcasting
2807:Pirate television
2798:News broadcasting
2678:Mobile television
2554:978-0-275-91277-2
2548:(Praeger, 1984).
2540:978-0-13-919234-0
2526:978-0-252-01690-5
2456:978-0-8156-2307-6
2387:978-1-4129-0658-6
2241:978-1-317-90683-4
2175:978-1-4129-0658-6
2052:978-0-471-17869-9
1798:"Tesla Biography"
1665:978-0-8018-3832-3
1616:978-0-226-66276-3
1551:Radio Act of 1927
1546:Outside broadcast
1458:Broadcast quality
1443:Analog television
1414:remote broadcasts
1387:Audio engineering
1294:-based channels,
1245:Tulane University
1221:can refer to the
1184:broadcast network
1069:news broadcasting
971:sports television
922:television studio
912:
911:
904:
790:non-profit groups
786:local programming
730:
729:
722:
585:, from 1928) and
539:can be linked in
408:Analog television
357:. In contrast, a
339:continuous signal
227:Guglielmo Marconi
146:public television
16:(Redirected from
5657:
5622:
5621:
5277:
5228:Public relations
5123:Biocommunication
5080:
5073:
5066:
5057:
5056:
5035:Radio portal
5033:
5032:
5031:
5009:History of radio
4953:AM expanded band
4870:
4869:
4753:Commercial radio
4678:
4677:
4521:
4520:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4255:Mobile broadband
4157:
4150:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4088:
3961:Notable networks
3951:Wireless network
3891:Cellular network
3883:Types of network
3858:Computer network
3745:Network topology
3659:Thomas A. Watson
3514:Oliver Heaviside
3499:Philo Farnsworth
3474:Daniel Davis Jr.
3449:Charles Bourseul
3409:John Logie Baird
3118:Data compression
3113:Computer network
3065:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3041:
2885:Shopping channel
2875:Music television
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2441:A Tower in Babel
2402:
2401:
2399:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2122:. Archived from
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2040:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1917:. Archived from
1906:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1728:
1722:
1705:
1699:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1600:
1494:Electronic media
1420:has a broadcast
1201:cable television
1151:cable television
907:
900:
896:
893:
887:
856:
848:
725:
718:
714:
711:
705:
674:
666:
648:
645:
641:
638:
624:
621:
613:
610:
587:cable television
460:electronic media
296:Philo Farnsworth
288:cathode ray tube
268:John Logie Baird
201:cable television
150:commercial radio
134:cable television
21:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5610:
5399:
5278:
5269:
5116:
5114:
5107:
5089:
5084:
5054:
5045:
5029:
5027:
5018:
4997:
4978:FM broadcasting
4948:AM broadcasting
4936:
4896:
4875:
4864:
4820:
4773:
4747:
4716:Digital systems
4711:
4696:
4665:
4626:Digital systems
4621:
4550:
4512:
4500:
4470:
4465:
4455:
4435:
4412:
4274:
4243:
4195:
4191:Satellite radio
4164:
4161:
4131:
4126:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4018:
3955:
3877:
3841:
3798:
3747:
3739:
3680:
3673:
3579:Robert Metcalfe
3434:Tim Berners-Lee
3382:
3202:Information Age
3074:
3069:
3039:
3034:
2927:
2921:
2833:
2826:
2776:Community radio
2758:
2752:
2732:Streaming media
2644:
2639:
2589:
2530:Slater Robert.
2516:Schwoch James.
2467:John Dunning;
2464:Routledge, 1998
2428:
2426:Further reading
2416:
2397:
2395:
2388:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2150:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2073:Wayback Machine
2066:How Radio Works
2064:
2060:
2053:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:Wayback Machine
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1907:
1903:
1898:on 14 May 2013.
1890:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1742:The Electrician
1738:Wayback Machine
1729:
1725:
1715:Wayback Machine
1706:
1702:
1696:Wayback Machine
1685:
1681:
1666:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1553:, United States
1438:
1385:broadcasting.
1363:
1357:
1231:
1171:streaming media
1094:located on the
1061:live television
975:live television
908:
897:
891:
888:
873:
857:
846:
818:business models
726:
715:
709:
706:
691:
675:
664:
662:Economic models
646:
639:
622:
616:satellite radio
611:
440:broadcast tower
436:
398:satellite radio
331:digital signals
261:FM broadcasting
253:AM broadcasting
223:
217:
142:community radio
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5663:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5370:Organizational
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5320:Cross-cultural
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Intrapersonal
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5109:
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5094:
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5090:
5083:
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5019:
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5011:
5005:
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4999:
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4996:
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4990:
4985:
4980:
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4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4927:Kahn-Hazeltine
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:Related topics
4866:
4865:
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4862:
4857:
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4831:
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4405:
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4393:
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4364:
4359:
4349:
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4325:
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4308:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4295:
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4280:
4276:
4275:
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4245:
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4219:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:Internet radio
4178:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4125:
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4114:
4104:
4094:
4081:
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3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Space-division
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3774:
3773:
3772:
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3701:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3649:Camille Tissot
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3624:Claude Shannon
3621:
3616:
3614:Tivadar Puskás
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Antonio Meucci
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Charles K. Kao
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Harold Hopkins
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Emile Berliner
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Videotelephony
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3264:Radiotelephone
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:Internet video
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2940:Broadcast-safe
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2900:Public affairs
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:Pay television
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2739:
2737:Web television
2734:
2729:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
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2665:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2588:
2587:External links
2585:
2584:
2583:
2563:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2444:
2433:The Golden Web
2431:Barnouw Erik.
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2414:
2405:Thompson, J.,
2403:
2386:
2361:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2293:
2267:
2240:
2217:
2192:
2174:
2137:
2107:
2077:
2058:
2051:
2025:
1999:
1976:
1950:
1924:
1901:
1892:"The Pioneers"
1883:
1876:
1858:
1851:
1833:
1807:
1788:
1755:
1746:
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1700:
1679:
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1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1412:), as well as
1391:RF engineering
1359:Main article:
1356:
1353:
1230:
1227:
1193:television set
1167:internet radio
1159:wireless cable
1147:radio receiver
1128:news programme
1056:The Cosby Show
1008:radio stations
910:
909:
860:
858:
851:
845:
842:
824:(NPR) and the
814:
813:
809:
766:
752:
728:
727:
678:
676:
669:
663:
660:
659:
658:
651:Internet radio
630:
602:
576:
575:
574:
545:radio programs
541:radio networks
537:Radio stations
531:and sent to a
510:
473:from 1867, if
435:
432:
420:
419:
414:
405:
359:digital signal
319:analog signals
219:Main article:
216:
213:
148:, and private
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5662:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
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5617:
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5613:
5607:
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5602:
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5482:
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5477:
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5469:
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5459:
5457:
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5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
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5427:
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5422:
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5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:Media studies
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:International
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5335:Environmental
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Developmental
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Communicology
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Media ecology
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5163:Interpersonal
5161:
5159:
5158:Intercultural
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Communication
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4963:Digital radio
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:digital audio
4504:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4352:IEEE 802.15.3
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Digital radio
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4123:
4115:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4093:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3837:Code-division
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Time-division
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:and switching
3746:
3742:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3699:optical fiber
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Coaxial cable
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Radia Perlman
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Lee de Forest
3492:
3490:
3489:Thomas Edison
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Donald Davies
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Claude Chappe
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Smoke signals
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:Semiconductor
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:Digital media
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Radio program
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:Radio Locator
2591:
2590:
2582:
2581:1-56750-245-8
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2565:Wells, Alan,
2564:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2308:on 8 May 2007
2307:
2303:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2222:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2029:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1915:Time magazine
1912:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1879:
1877:9781623566654
1873:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1852:9781118104644
1848:
1844:
1837:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Narrowcasting
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:media markets
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:Dissemination
1309:
1308:communication
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:equipment in
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:Radio station
1235:
1229:Social impact
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:radio station
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:magnetic tape
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
949:
945:
937:
931:, August 2008
930:
926:
923:
918:
914:
906:
903:
895:
885:
881:
877:
871:
870:
866:
861:This section
859:
855:
850:
849:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
810:
807:
806:cable company
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:radio station
775:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:
734:
733:
724:
721:
713:
703:
699:
695:
689:
688:
684:
679:This section
677:
673:
668:
667:
656:
652:
634:
631:
628:
617:
606:
603:
600:
596:
592:
591:coaxial cable
588:
584:
581:(also called
580:
577:
572:
568:
564:
561:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
464:
463:
461:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
431:
429:
425:
418:
415:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
376:
375:dynamic range
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
222:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
170:citizens band
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5645:Broadcasting
5143:Conversation
5128:Broadcasting
5127:
5026:
4510:broadcasting
4509:
4447:Broadcasting
4446:
4417:Technologies
4408:Wireless USB
4342:Mobile WiMAX
4298:5G New Radio
3804:Multiplexing
3679:Transmission
3644:Nikola Tesla
3634:Henry Sutton
3589:Samuel Morse
3519:Robert Hooke
3484:Amos Dolbear
3419:John Bardeen
3338:
3318:Telautograph
3222:Mobile phone
3177:Edholm's law
3160:social media
3093:Broadcasting
2989:Occupations
2880:Quiz channel
2803:Pirate radio
2791:Pay-per-view
2766:Campus radio
2757:Broadcasting
2642:Broadcasting
2641:
2567:
2559:
2545:
2531:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2410:
2406:
2396:, retrieved
2369:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:Bibliography
2310:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2230:
2208:. Retrieved
2205:getitsms.com
2204:
2195:
2184:, retrieved
2157:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2061:
2036:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2002:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1927:
1919:the original
1914:
1904:
1896:the original
1886:
1867:
1861:
1842:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1810:
1802:the original
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1741:
1726:
1718:
1703:
1687:
1682:
1653:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1605:
1598:
1479:Frank Conrad
1399:
1364:
1333:
1300:pay-per-view
1292:subscription
1253:
1216:
1213:dish antenna
1211:that uses a
1182:
1175:multicasting
1132:
1116:compact disc
1076:radio studio
1073:
1054:
1035:Radio Moscow
1012:
1001:World War II
995:disaster at
990:
962:
958:
956:
913:
898:
889:
874:Please help
862:
815:
794:cooperatives
763:underwriting
731:
716:
707:
692:Please help
680:
607:(DBS) (from
582:
567:commercially
547:, either in
491:Clément Ader
479:Théâtrophone
475:ticker-tapes
457:
437:
421:
382:Analog audio
365:sequence of
347:audio signal
342:
316:
300:World War II
290:invented by
265:
257:World War II
243:
224:
189:over the air
188:
182:
178:broadcasting
177:
174:transmitting
173:
168:("ham") and
158:broadcasting
157:
138:public radio
123:
118:broadcasting
117:
55:distribution
51:Broadcasting
50:
49:
36:
5290:Closed-loop
5153:Information
5115:terminology
4958:Cable radio
4901:Technical (
4661:DVB-T2 Lite
4517:Terrestrial
4316:Terrestrial
4004:NPL network
3716:Radio waves
3654:Alfred Vail
3564:Hedy Lamarr
3549:Dawon Kahng
3509:Elisha Gray
3469:Yogen Dalal
3394:Nasir Ahmed
3328:Teleprinter
3192:Heliographs
2963:News ticker
2958:Lower third
2928:and funding
2871:Music radio
2460:Tim Crook;
2437:The Sponsor
2130:11 November
2100:11 November
2018:26 December
1583:Wilkinsburg
1406:transmitter
1345:disc jockey
1306:wrote that
1249:New Orleans
1215:. The term
1155:cable radio
1088:transmitter
967:slow-motion
952:Switzerland
948:Radio Maria
892:August 2022
772:in which a
710:August 2022
647: 1994
640: 1993
623: 1990
612: 1974
579:Cable radio
557:subchannels
525:transmitter
521:radio waves
499:programming
452:demodulator
276:Nipkow disk
245:World War I
231:radio waves
193:terrestrial
185:radio waves
91:vacuum tube
83:one-to-many
79:radio waves
5639:Categories
5606:Wertheimer
5486:Horkheimer
5223:Propaganda
5178:Mass media
5173:Journalism
5113:Topics and
4840:DirectBand
4826:Subcarrier
4528:modulation
4050:Antarctica
4009:Toasternet
3931:Television
3414:Paul Baran
3346:Television
3330:(teletype)
3323:Telegraphy
3301:transistor
3279:Phryctoria
3249:Photophone
3227:Smartphone
3217:Mass media
3020:Press pool
2926:Production
2822:Talk radio
1578:Transposer
1383:television
1349:microphone
1341:radio show
1268:Television
1031:propaganda
1027:live radio
1019:announcers
992:Hindenburg
979:time zones
950:studio in
802:university
782:programmed
770:mass media
759:non-profit
757:: usually
633:Webcasting
563:Television
428:zettabytes
310:spectrum.
292:Karl Braun
272:Selfridges
130:television
114:one-to-one
18:Broadcasts
5390:Technical
5375:Political
5283:Subfields
5208:New media
4903:AM stereo
4762:Sirius XM
4755:providers
4674:Satellite
4461:Microwave
4328:Satellite
4279:Standards
4034:Americas
4023:Locations
3994:Internet2
3755:Bandwidth
3459:Vint Cerf
3356:streaming
3334:Telephone
3274:Semaphore
3165:streaming
3015:Press box
2973:Score bug
2949:Graphics
2832:Specialty
2712:Satellite
2673:Satellite
2398:22 August
2260:30 August
2250:879025861
2186:22 August
2090:Diwaxx.ru
1845:. Wiley.
1635:22 August
1474:Cablecast
1416:. Every
1205:cablecast
1191:inside a
1179:bandwidth
1108:microwave
1104:simulcast
1025:during a
987:dirigible
863:does not
749:pay cable
681:does not
553:simulcast
467:Telephone
371:bandwidth
367:quantized
343:analogous
239:Glace Bay
209:streaming
191:(OTA) or
110:telegraph
106:telephone
98:receivers
45:Stuttgart
5624:Category
5576:Richards
5501:Jakobson
5481:Habermas
5436:Castells
5426:Benjamin
5404:Scholars
5002:Cultural
4932:Magnavox
4905:formats)
4855:SCA/SCMO
4850:RDS/RBDS
4653:HD Radio
4643:DRM/DRM+
4638:DAB/DAB+
4336:IEEE 802
4330:(DVB-S2)
4322:Handheld
4102:Category
3989:Internet
3979:CYCLADES
3896:Ethernet
3846:Concepts
3770:terminal
3721:wireless
3544:Bob Kahn
3387:Pioneers
3212:Internet
3103:Cable TV
2834:channels
2685:Teletext
2575:, 1996.
2439:(1978);
2392:archived
2312:3 August
2286:3 August
2254:Archived
2180:archived
2094:Archived
2069:Archived
1987:Archived
1969:8 August
1963:Archived
1943:8 August
1937:Archived
1826:12 March
1820:Archived
1772:Archived
1734:Archived
1711:Archived
1692:Archived
1674:15485739
1629:Archived
1625:40452957
1484:Dead air
1448:Bandplan
1436:See also
1430:contract
1422:engineer
1410:airchain
1337:audience
1324:dialogue
1320:audience
1284:decoding
1256:schedule
1243:studio,
1163:Internet
1065:audience
989:airship
959:recorded
599:channels
583:cable FM
573:signals.
533:receiver
503:European
424:exabytes
417:Wireless
390:HD radio
327:switched
87:AM radio
81:), in a
67:audience
5596:Tankard
5591:Shannon
5586:Schramm
5571:Quebral
5566:Postman
5556:Packard
5536:McLuhan
5531:Marcuse
5526:Luhmann
5521:Lippman
5516:Kincaid
5511:Johnson
5476:Goffman
5471:Gerbner
5461:Flusser
5441:Chomsky
5421:Bateson
5416:Barthes
5385:Science
5315:Climate
5265:Writing
5233:Reading
5183:Meaning
5103:Outline
5098:History
4828:signals
4796:AMR-WB+
4648:FMeXtra
4440:Related
4398:(MVDDS)
4338:family
4324:(DVB-H)
4318:(DVB-T)
4288:family
4227:Digital
4122:Commons
4112:Outline
4065:Oceania
3984:FidoNet
3969:ARPANET
3782:circuit
3351:digital
3080:History
2727:Webcast
2700:Digital
2668:Digital
2443:(1966).
2210:21 June
2120:Qsl.net
1995:Science
1781:24 June
1418:station
1395:subsets
1195:with a
1143:antenna
1086:to the
1067:") and
1063:studio
1047:concert
1015:spoiler
884:removed
869:sources
798:college
776:, or a
702:removed
687:sources
529:antenna
523:from a
487:theatre
434:Methods
396:(DAB),
363:sampled
351:voltage
215:History
205:consent
166:amateur
112:) were
53:is the
5601:Tannen
5581:Rogers
5561:Peirce
5546:Morgan
5491:Huxley
5466:Gasset
5456:Fisher
5411:Adorno
5395:Visual
5345:Health
5340:Global
5310:Crisis
5243:Symbol
5238:Speech
4922:Harris
4917:C-QUAM
4806:HE-AAC
4783:Codecs
4767:Canada
4733:DVB-SH
4707:S band
4702:L band
4688:C band
4612:L band
4503:Analog
4432:(MMDS)
4426:(LMDS)
4404:(MVDS)
4391:HomeRF
4305:(MBMS)
4060:Europe
4030:Africa
4014:Usenet
3974:BITNET
3911:Mobile
3787:packet
3296:MOSFET
3291:device
3088:Beacon
2690:Analog
2649:Medium
2579:
2552:
2538:
2524:
2454:
2384:
2248:
2238:
2172:
2049:
1874:
1849:
1672:
1662:
1623:
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1537:(NBMA)
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5496:Innis
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4738:S-DMB
4728:DAB-S
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4546:COFDM
4525:Radio
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4381:(AWS)
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4835:AMSS
4816:DRA+
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4286:3GPP
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3941:UUCP
3901:ISDN
2721:and
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2550:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2522:ISBN
2452:ISBN
2400:2022
2382:ISBN
2314:2013
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2262:2022
2246:OCLC
2236:ISBN
2212:2024
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2170:ISBN
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2102:2017
2047:ISBN
2045:–3.
2020:2011
1971:2022
1945:2022
1872:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1828:2021
1783:2021
1670:OCLC
1660:ISBN
1637:2022
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1373:and
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128:and
96:and
5551:Ong
4845:PAD
4801:HDC
4791:AAC
4743:SDR
4723:ADR
4657:CDR
4616:UHF
4602:mid
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4594:VHF
4356:UWB
3946:WAN
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800:or
792:or
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392:),
329:to
308:UHF
304:VHF
61:or
57:of
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4578:MF
4574:MW
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4564:LW
4541:FM
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