423:. Naturalized citizens, but not citizens by birth, may be extradited (only for a common crime committed before naturalization or for drug trafficking committed before or after naturalization), and may lose Brazilian nationality if convicted of fraud in their naturalization process or of an act "against the constitutional order and the democratic state". The constitution also restricts the ownership and management of journalism and broadcasting companies to citizens by birth or who have been naturalized for more than 10 years. Other than the cases mentioned in the constitution, no law may make distinctions between citizens by birth and by naturalization.
319:
nationality, except if the other nationality was acquired by origin (by birth or descent) or if naturalization was required by the other country for the person to remain residing there or to exercise civil rights. In practice, the
Brazilian government only used this provision to revoke Brazilian nationality in very few cases, such as for the purpose of extradition, as the Brazilian constitution does not allow extradition of its own citizens by birth. In 2023, another constitutional amendment eliminated the possibility of loss of Brazilian nationality due to acquisition of another nationality.
461:
572:
unless their foreign parents were residing in Brazil because of government service to another nation. The legitimate child born abroad to a
Brazilian father was considered to have his father's nationality as long as he established a home in Brazil. The domicile requirement could be waived for a child whose father was employed abroad in service to the government. Only the illegitimate child born abroad to a Brazilian mother could derive nationality from her, on the condition of establishing residency in Brazil.
567:
nationality, but upon reaching their majority would be entitled to
Brazilian nationality and rights of citizens. Article 2 provided that upon marriage a woman took the nationality of her husband, but could repatriate if her husband died and she re-established residence in Brazil. Immigration legislation passed in 1890 barred people of African or Asian descent from the country. The law was modified in 1892 to allow Chinese and Japanese laborers. The 1824 constitution remained in force until the
45:
3341:
563:
establish nationality by becoming domiciled in Brazil; however residence was waved if their father was in government service. Portuguese nationals and naturalized foreigners who resided in Brazil at the time of independence were naturalized by residence in the empire. Citizenship could be lost if one was naturalized in another country or accepted employment or honors from foreign governments without the approval of the crown.
333:, they are admitted as Brazilians without restriction, otherwise they are admitted as visitors of their other nationality for their usual limited stay. However, usually the latter case is only possible if Brazil does not require a visa for visitors of such nationality. Brazil only issues visas to its dual citizens in exceptional circumstances, such as for those who work in foreign government jobs that prohibit the use of a
588:
provisions of naturalization specified by its 1891 predecessor. It specified that nationality could be lost by obtaining dual citizenship. From 1907 to 1934, racial exclusions were not specified in immigration law, but in the latter year, a quota system was devised to limit immigration from certain countries. Since 1995, consent is required for loss of
Brazilian citizenship for dual nationals.
448:
permanently residing in Brazil may request equal civil rights, and after three years of residence also political rights, such as voting and being elected, as if they were naturalized citizens of Brazil. In this case, exercising political rights in Brazil under the treaty results in the suspension of
269:
exam, completion of a
Portuguese language course for immigrants in a Brazilian university, or completion of elementary, secondary or higher education in Brazil or in another Portuguese language country. Those who have lived in Brazil for more than 15 years or who are nationals of Portuguese language
587:
and
Lucillo Antonio da Cunha Bueno, the Brazilian delegates to the Pan-American Union's Montevideo conference, signed the Inter-American Convention on the Nationality of Women, which became effective in 1934, without legal reservations. That year, a new constitution was adopted, keeping most of the
571:
adopted the
Constitution of 1891. The republican constitution was modeled on the United States Constitution. Despite feminists' efforts the Constituent Congress denied them the rights of citizens. It provided, as amended in 1926, that children born in Brazil were birthright nationals of the country
562:
was adopted in 1824 and provided that
Brazilian citizens were free-born or emancipated men who were born in Brazil, unless their father was a foreigner in the service of another nation. Legitimate children born abroad to a Brazilian father, or illegitimate children born to a Brazilian mother, could
377:
citizens between 18 and 70 years of age, except conscripts, who are not allowed to vote during their period of mandatory military service. Those who are required but do not vote in an election and do not present an acceptable justification, such as being away from their voting locality at the time,
318:
In its original text, the
Brazilian constitution of 1988 stated that Brazilians who voluntarily naturalized in another country could lose Brazilian nationality. In 1994, a constitutional amendment modified this provision, stating that Brazilians who acquired another nationality could lose Brazilian
299:, available online. If approved, a copy of this decision is sufficient proof of naturalization to obtain a Brazilian identity document or passport. There is no ceremony. Since 21 November 2017, certificates of naturalization are not automatically issued, but the citizen may request one if desired.
575:
Decree No. 6,948, of 14 May 1908, stipulated that a foreigner, regardless of gender, who married a
Brazilian, or who had Brazilian children, and resided in Brazil derived Brazilian nationality unless they declared in the proper legal manner that they chose to retain their original nationality. In
310:
Since October 2023, Brazil does not impose any restriction on dual nationality. Brazilian nationality may be lost only in the case of naturalized citizens whose naturalization is canceled by a court sentence due to fraud in their naturalization process or due to an act "against the constitutional
641:
Article 70, section 1 barred from voting beggars, illiterates, active duty servicemen, and members of communities, congregations, religious orders, or societies of any denomination who took a vow of obedience, or subjected themselves to a rule or law which implies that they had surrendered their
566:
In 1860, to eliminate Brazilian nationality law conflicts with European legislation, Brazil passed Decree 1,096, which clarified the status of children born in Brazil to foreign parents who were not in government service, and married women. The decree specified that minor children shared family
360:
obligation, unless the citizen has a disqualifying physical or psychological condition, or the citizen does not wish to serve and the military finds enough volunteers to support its needs. Therefore, although registering for the military is mandatory, about 95% of those who register receive an
382:
3.51, but in some cases the fine may be waived, reduced, or increased up to R$ 35.13. Citizens between 18 and 70 years of age are required to present proof of voting compliance (by having voted, justified absence or paid the fine) when applying for a Brazilian passport.
576:
1932, Decree 21,076, which established the first Electoral Code of Brazil, outlined in article 2 that the rights of citizenship were not dependent on sex, and in article 3(b) that Brazilian women could not lose their nationality as a result of marriage. In 1933,
322:
People who requested the loss of their Brazilian nationality, or who lost it due to acquiring another nationality under the previous constitutional provision, may request the reacquisition of Brazilian nationality.
823:
277:
they may request a permanent naturalization. At that time they must satisfy the requirement of no criminal conviction or of rehabilitation, but they are not required to attest their Portuguese language ability.
642:
individual liberty. The first Civil Code in Brazil, adopted in 1916, specified that married women were restricted from certain acts and confirmed that husbands were the legal representatives for the family.
286:
The application for naturalization is filed online. There is no fee for the application itself, although there may be fees to obtain some of the required documents. The initial processing is done by the
1933:
426:
Many naturalized citizens have been elected to public offices, including aldermen, mayors, state and federal deputies, and a state governor. Some naturalized citizens have also been appointed to the
1008:
311:
order and the democratic state", or in the case of people who explicitly request the loss of their Brazilian nationality before a Brazilian authority as long as such loss would not make them
232:
Only two years of residency are required for those who have provided "relevant services" to the country, for those with notable "professional, scientific or artistic ability", or for
1169:
1129:
2691:
2596:
168:
Any person born in Brazil acquires Brazilian nationality at birth, with the sole exception of children of parents in the service of a foreign government, such as foreign
2606:
2424:
1029:
2731:
1843:
1816:
2721:
1921:
899:
361:
exemption. Male citizens between 18 and 45 years of age are required to present a military registration certificate when applying for a Brazilian passport.
826:[Having the capacity to communicate in the Portuguese language] (in Portuguese). Ministry of Justice and Public Security of Brazil. 27 July 2022.
1150:
257:
No residency period is required for those married to a Brazilian diplomat for more than five years, or for those who worked for more than 10 years in a
1646:
1690:
970:
1104:
2060:
577:
292:
329:
Brazilians who also have another nationality are allowed to enter and leave Brazil with the passport of the other country. If they also provide a
291:, which collects the applicant's fingerprints and may request a recorded interview or additional documents. The process is then forwarded to the
2366:
400:
1054:
3110:
1762:"Políticas de inmigración en América Latina: el extranjero indeseable en las normas nacionales, de la Independencia hasta los años de 1930"
938:
622:
439:
781:
3106:
522:
Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of
2411:
1970:
1793:
391:
The constitution makes a few distinctions between Brazilian citizens by birth and by naturalization. Only citizens by birth may become
251:
273:
Minors who moved to Brazil under 10 years of age may be granted a provisional naturalization, and within two years after reaching the
1079:
1125:
2420:
517:
404:
118:. Foreign nationals may naturalize after meeting a minimum residence period (usually four years), demonstrating proficiency in the
954:
193:
Between 1994 and 2007, registration with a Brazilian consular office did not confer Brazilian nationality. In September 2007, a
2952:
2396:
2298:
2225:
420:
17:
149:; Brazilians resident for at least three years are eligible to vote in Portuguese elections and serve in public office there.
3114:
1764:[Immigration Policies in Latin America: The Undesirable Foreigner in National Norms, from Independence to the 1930s]
1530:
1509:
559:
258:
72:
1905:
145:
in 1822 and Brazilian nationals no longer hold Portuguese nationality, they continue to have favoured status when living in
991:
880:
798:
2265:
1025:
3367:
2982:
2651:
2338:
1825:
1587:
526:. As of 2023, Brazilian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 169 countries and territories, ranking the
427:
1719:
1678:
3158:
3077:
2748:
1128:[Resolution no. 23.659, of 26 October 2021, articles 127 and 133] (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court.
452:
Unlike naturalization, the equality of rights under this treaty does not include the right to a Brazilian passport.
612:
3205:
3087:
2846:
2200:
2040:
1556:
160:. They have facilitated access to residence rights in all member states and most associated states of Mercosur.
2235:
2215:
2115:
1963:
1706:
Salgado, Eneida Desiree; Guimarães, Guilherme Athaides; Monte-Alto, Eric Vinicius Lopes Costa (December 2015).
1578:
675:
607:
3102:
2666:
2551:
2416:
2230:
2075:
1642:
2972:
1627:
750:
3323:
2676:
2636:
2401:
2035:
416:
296:
531:
265:
The ability to communicate in Portuguese may be attested by one of various certificates, such as with the
3193:
3148:
3067:
3062:
3042:
2987:
2977:
2942:
2671:
2591:
2526:
2323:
2210:
2160:
2030:
1666:
1100:
721:
157:
52:
3143:
3120:
3057:
3037:
2997:
2881:
2856:
2851:
2681:
2656:
2561:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2406:
2391:
2386:
2361:
2343:
2275:
2205:
2175:
2065:
1852:
1501:
138:
3012:
2896:
2871:
2826:
2821:
2771:
2696:
2646:
2621:
2616:
2586:
2541:
2531:
2491:
2461:
2441:
2356:
2333:
2308:
2245:
2165:
2090:
2055:
2025:
2020:
2015:
1956:
696:
326:
Since May 2016, Brazil does not require naturalized citizens to renounce their previous nationality.
302:
Since May 2016, Brazil does not require naturalized citizens to renounce their previous nationality.
153:
1707:
175:
A person born outside Brazil of a Brazilian parent also acquires Brazilian nationality at birth if:
3344:
3097:
2967:
2957:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2886:
2796:
2776:
2761:
2611:
2581:
2536:
2521:
2481:
2471:
2446:
2376:
2371:
2318:
2313:
2303:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2150:
2145:
2135:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2050:
2010:
2000:
1217:
974:
568:
396:
288:
194:
922:
3072:
3052:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2962:
2906:
2901:
2861:
2841:
2836:
2801:
2781:
2766:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2626:
2601:
2576:
2566:
2546:
2456:
2381:
2270:
2260:
2195:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2045:
2005:
1540:
1050:
597:
479:
330:
183:
1929:
1028:[Right/obligation to vote] (in Portuguese). Regional Electoral Court of Rio de Janeiro.
3310:
3092:
3082:
3047:
2947:
2891:
2876:
2811:
2806:
2791:
2686:
2661:
2631:
2556:
2516:
2348:
2220:
2155:
2140:
2125:
1829:
547:
412:
357:
351:
142:
104:
1544:
1185:
3153:
2911:
2866:
2831:
2816:
2786:
2641:
2571:
2328:
1495:
900:
ACNUR: New decree facilitates naturalization of foreigners in Brazil and fights statelessness
617:
535:
408:
1761:
1728:
1520:
1201:
841:
3274:
3247:
3138:
2701:
460:
1075:
224:
No prior criminal conviction, in Brazil or in the country of origin, unless rehabilitated.
8:
3264:
3183:
2726:
392:
295:, which may also request additional documents, and finally publishes its decision in the
218:
119:
1078:[Questions and answers] (in Portuguese). Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo.
3163:
1891:
1864:
1599:
602:
527:
334:
189:
The person later moves to Brazil and confirms one's nationality before a federal judge.
1234:
1103:[Electoral fine] (in Portuguese). Regional Electoral Court of Rio de Janeiro.
3305:
3257:
1872:
1856:
1824:. 7th Conference of American Republics, Montevideo, December 1933. Washington, D.C.:
1785:
1777:
1741:
1733:
1682:
1607:
1591:
1560:
1526:
1505:
939:
A Brazilian may lose original nationality while becoming a citizen of another country
857:
582:
555:
370:
134:
130:
108:
955:
Government extradites Brazilian that lost citizenship, accused of homicide in the US
210:
Foreigners may apply for Brazilian nationality if they meet the following criteria:
3188:
1723:
1710:[Gender Quotas in Politics: Between History, Ballot Boxes and Parliament].
551:
449:
their equivalent rights in Portugal, even though they remain Portuguese citizens.
197:
reinstituted consular registration as a means of acquiring Brazilian nationality.
3269:
1979:
1901:
1638:
1420:
971:
Dual nationality: may I use the other passport, different from the Brazilian one?
274:
126:
995:
250:(not including minors provisionally naturalized), or for those originating from
3300:
3200:
1896:
903:
379:
1876:
1789:
1745:
3361:
3330:
3279:
3211:
2753:
1860:
1812:
1781:
1737:
1686:
1611:
1595:
1564:
1053:[Electoral justification] (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court.
1009:
What are the obstacles to 'conscientious objection' to military registration?
558:, who had been living in exile in the country since 1808. The nation's first
312:
233:
1892:"Convention on the Nationality of Women (Inter-American); December 26, 1933"
3226:
1574:"Feminism, Women's Rights, and the Suffrage Movement in Brazil, 1850-1932"
3284:
3242:
1369:
1345:
44:
1708:"Cotas de Gênero na Política: Entre a História, as Urnas e o Parlamento"
270:
countries are not required to attest their Portuguese language ability.
1603:
1573:
1548:
266:
240:
1868:
1838:
179:
The Brazilian parent is in the service of the Brazilian government; or
1553:
Citizenship of the United States, Expatriation, and Protection Abroad
1170:'German' minister retires; who are now the foreigners in the 3 powers
305:
169:
114:
With few exceptions, almost all individuals born in the country are
3252:
3218:
1948:
445:
374:
228:
The residency requirement may be reduced in certain circumstances:
146:
115:
1410:
1408:
1126:"Resolução nº 23.659, de 26 de outubro de 2021, artigos 127 e 133"
369:
Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and
103:. The primary law governing nationality requirements is the 1988
1405:
1381:
523:
470:
243:
100:
62:
1525:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dalcassian Publishing Company.
1393:
247:
239:
Only one year of residency is required for those who have a
1839:"The Development of the Brazilian Constitution (1891-1946)"
1705:
1435:
1375:
1351:
99:
details the conditions by which a person is a national of
697:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988
676:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988
1844:
Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law
1459:
1249:
1151:
Almost 200 foreign candidates are elected in the country
1357:
994:. Consulate General of Brazil in Miami. Archived from
1471:
1447:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
824:"Ter capacidade de se comunicar em Língua Portuguesa"
1333:
1321:
1924:[Decree No. 21,076, of 24 February 1932].
1830:Alexander Street Press: Women and Social Movements
1776:. Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar: 39–72.
306:Dual nationality and loss of Brazilian nationality
1920:
1426:
32:Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil
3359:
34:
1922:"Decreto Nº 21.076, de 24 de fevereiro de 1932"
122:, and fulfilling a good character requirement.
1890:
1441:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
534:) in terms of travel freedom according to the
505: Visa available both on arrival or online
36:Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil
1964:
1671:Revista de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
1204:, Consulate General of Portugal in São Paulo
918:
916:
3111:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
1664:
1387:
692:
690:
688:
623:Equality Statute between Brazil and Portugal
440:Equality Statute between Brazil and Portugal
214:Four years of permanent residency in Brazil;
1165:
1163:
876:
874:
872:
870:
656:
478: Passport not required. Travel with a
1971:
1957:
913:
182:The person is registered with a Brazilian
43:
1727:
837:
835:
833:
685:
464:Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens
340:
1625:
1518:
1477:
1453:
1376:Salgado, Guimarães & Monte-Alto 2015
1352:Salgado, Guimarães & Monte-Alto 2015
1303:
1291:
1279:
1160:
867:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
518:Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens
459:
356:Male Brazilian citizens have a 12-month
1811:
1759:
1539:
1493:
1465:
1414:
1399:
1363:
1315:
1267:
1255:
941:, Gazeta Brazilian News, 20 April 2017
860:, Transit Department of Rio de Janeiro
386:
293:Ministry of Justice and Public Security
14:
3360:
1571:
1497:Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822-1930
1339:
1186:Decree no. 3.927, of 19 September 2001
957:, Consultor Jurídico, 18 January 2018
923:Decree no. 86.715, of 10 December 1981
830:
433:
1952:
1936:from the original on 24 November 2020
1908:from the original on 27 December 2020
1836:
1799:from the original on 12 February 2021
1729:10.18351/2179-7137/ged.2015n3p156-182
1693:from the original on 29 December 2020
1327:
1132:from the original on 14 December 2021
895:
893:
760:
751:Decree no. 9.199, of 20 November 2017
731:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
1978:
1669:[The Civil Code of Brazil].
1652:from the original on 20 October 2016
1522:Constitution of the Empire of Brazil
401:President of the Chamber of Deputies
200:
1628:"Report on Citizenship Law: Brazil"
1626:Jerónimo, Patrícia (January 2016).
858:First issuance of the identity card
782:Ruling no. 623, of 13 November 2020
455:
345:
24:
1851:(3–4). Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
1826:Inter-American Commission of Women
1818:Report on the Nationality of Women
1588:Latin American Studies Association
890:
803:Ministério das Relações Exteriores
706:
550:from Portugal and established the
156:, and all Brazilian nationals are
25:
3379:
1026:"Direito/Obrigatoriedade do Voto"
3340:
3339:
2061:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1665:Martinez Paz, E. (August 1916).
842:Request Brazilian naturalization
784:, Ministry of Justice of Brazil
613:History of Brazilian nationality
3206:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
1720:Universidade Federal da Paraíba
1679:Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
1586:(1). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
1557:U.S. Government Printing Office
1487:
1227:
1211:
1195:
1179:
1144:
1118:
1107:from the original on 2021-12-16
1093:
1082:from the original on 2022-10-02
1068:
1057:from the original on 2019-07-14
1043:
1032:from the original on 2021-12-16
1018:
1002:
984:
964:
948:
932:
635:
205:
116:automatically citizens at birth
3043:Federated States of Micronesia
2407:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1926:Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
1579:Latin American Research Review
851:
816:
791:
722:Law no. 13.445, of 24 May 2017
493: Visa issued upon arrival
13:
1:
1643:European University Institute
1519:Braganza, Pedro I de (2019).
1500:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
649:
444:Due to a treaty, citizens of
411:, diplomats, officers of the
252:Portuguese language countries
3324:British Overseas Territories
419:, or certain members of the
259:Brazilian diplomatic mission
7:
3194:Renunciation of citizenship
1928:(in Portuguese). Brasília:
1718:(3). João Pessoa, Paraíba:
1667:"El Código Civil Brasileño"
1235:"The Henley Passport Index"
1220:, Federal Police of Brazil
883:, Federal Police of Brazil
608:Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas
591:
163:
137:, and local residents were
53:National Congress of Brazil
10:
3384:
1900:. New Haven, Connecticut:
1853:Cambridge University Press
1502:Cambridge University Press
541:
515:
437:
378:must pay a fine, normally
349:
281:
217:Ability to communicate in
143:Brazil gained independence
3368:Brazilian nationality law
3319:
3293:
3235:
3176:
3129:
3030:
2920:
2747:
2740:
2509:
2434:
2291:
2284:
1993:
1986:
1677:(6). Córdoba, Argentina:
1153:, Globo, 20 October 2012
1051:"Justificativa eleitoral"
805:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
546:In 1822, Brazil declared
428:Superior Court of Justice
364:
97:Brazilian nationality law
86:
78:
73:1988 Constituent Assembly
68:
58:
51:
42:
31:
2041:Central African Republic
1760:Schwarz, Tobias (2012).
1572:Hahner, June E. (1980).
1541:Griscom, Lloyd Carpenter
1494:Bethell, Leslie (1989).
1417:, pp. 7–8, Part II.
975:Federal Police of Brazil
628:
569:First Brazilian Republic
430:and various ministries.
397:Vice President of Brazil
195:constitutional amendment
154:member state of Mercosur
125:Brazil was previously a
3139:Commonwealth of Nations
1237:. Henley & Partners
1188:, Government of Brazil
1076:"Perguntas e respostas"
925:, Government of Brazil
906:in Brazil, 20 May 2016
881:Necessary documentation
844:, Government of Brazil
799:"Brazilian Nationality"
753:, Government of Brazil
724:, Government of Brazil
699:, Government of Brazil
678:, Government of Brazil
598:Brazilian identity card
480:Brazilian identity card
421:Council of the Republic
405:President of the Senate
331:Brazilian identity card
2953:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1837:Wyler, Marcus (1949).
1172:, UOL, 31 August 2022
513:
352:Conscription in Brazil
341:Rights and obligations
105:Constitution of Brazil
35:
18:Brazil nationality law
3336:Partially recognized.
2201:São Tomé and Príncipe
1904:. December 26, 1933.
1402:, p. 7, Part II.
1011:, Nexo, 16 June 2017
618:Visa policy of Brazil
536:Henley Passport Index
463:
409:Supreme Federal Court
3275:Second-class citizen
3248:Multiple citizenship
2717:United Arab Emirates
2351:(Kingdom of Denmark)
1932:. 24 February 1932.
1930:Câmara dos Deputados
1815:(28 November 1933).
1712:Gênero & Direito
1559:. pp. 288–290.
1555:. Washington, D.C.:
387:Naturalized citizens
3265:Permanent residency
3184:Loss of citizenship
3159:Caribbean Community
2412:Trinidad and Tobago
2397:St. Kitts and Nevis
2299:Antigua and Barbuda
1442:Avalon Project 1933
1390:, pp. 176–177.
511: Visa required
434:Portuguese citizens
417:Minister of Defence
139:Portuguese subjects
131:constituent kingdom
120:Portuguese language
111:on 5 October 1988.
2339:Dominican Republic
1202:Equality of rights
603:Brazilian passport
528:Brazilian passport
514:
335:Brazilian passport
59:Territorial extent
3355:
3354:
3329:Open border with
3172:
3171:
3026:
3025:
2505:
2504:
2425:US Virgin Islands
2352:
2076:Equatorial Guinea
1714:(in Portuguese).
1532:978-1-07-873664-0
1511:978-0-521-36837-7
1468:, pp. 61–62.
1428:Decreto Nº 21.076
1388:Martinez Paz 1916
1258:, pp. 41–42.
1101:"Multa eleitoral"
998:on 16 April 2021.
407:, members of the
201:By naturalization
158:Mercosur citizens
135:Portuguese Empire
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
3375:
3343:
3342:
3189:Denaturalization
3078:Papua New Guinea
3063:Marshall Islands
2745:
2744:
2350:
2289:
2288:
1991:
1990:
1980:Nationality laws
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1833:
1823:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1731:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1568:
1536:
1515:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1000:
999:
988:
982:
980:
968:
962:
960:
952:
946:
944:
936:
930:
928:
920:
911:
909:
897:
888:
886:
878:
865:
863:
855:
849:
847:
839:
828:
827:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
795:
789:
787:
779:
758:
756:
748:
729:
727:
719:
704:
702:
694:
683:
681:
673:
643:
639:
586:
552:Empire of Brazil
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
477:
468:
456:Visa-free travel
358:military service
346:Military service
297:Official Journal
47:
38:
29:
28:
21:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3315:
3289:
3270:Right of return
3231:
3168:
3131:
3125:
3088:Solomon Islands
3022:
2988:Northern Cyprus
2983:North Macedonia
2916:
2751:
2736:
2501:
2430:
2280:
1982:
1977:
1939:
1937:
1911:
1909:
1902:Yale Law School
1881:
1879:
1821:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1765:
1750:
1748:
1696:
1694:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1639:Badia Fiesolana
1630:
1616:
1614:
1533:
1512:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1222:(in Portuguese)
1221:
1216:
1212:
1206:(in Portuguese)
1205:
1200:
1196:
1190:(in Portuguese)
1189:
1184:
1180:
1174:(in Portuguese)
1173:
1168:
1161:
1155:(in Portuguese)
1154:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:(in Portuguese)
1012:
1007:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
979:(in Portuguese)
978:
977:, 16 June 2021
969:
965:
959:(in Portuguese)
958:
953:
949:
943:(in Portuguese)
942:
937:
933:
927:(in Portuguese)
926:
921:
914:
908:(in Portuguese)
907:
898:
891:
885:(in Portuguese)
884:
879:
868:
862:(in Portuguese)
861:
856:
852:
846:(in Portuguese)
845:
840:
831:
822:
821:
817:
808:
806:
797:
796:
792:
786:(in Portuguese)
785:
780:
761:
755:(in Portuguese)
754:
749:
732:
726:(in Portuguese)
725:
720:
707:
701:(in Portuguese)
700:
695:
686:
679:
674:
657:
652:
647:
646:
640:
636:
631:
594:
580:
544:
520:
512:
508:
506:
502:
500:
496:
494:
490:
488:
487: Visa free
484:
482:
475:
473:
466:
458:
442:
436:
389:
367:
354:
348:
343:
308:
284:
275:age of majority
208:
203:
184:consular office
166:
109:came into force
69:Enacted by
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:Naturalization
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Nordic Council
3151:
3146:
3144:European Union
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3107:American Samoa
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3018:United Kingdom
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2921:Rest of Europe
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Czech Republic
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2749:European Union
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Western Sahara
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Congo Republic
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1918:
1897:Avalon Project
1888:
1834:
1813:Stevens, Doris
1809:
1772:(in Spanish).
1757:
1703:
1673:(in Spanish).
1662:
1623:
1569:
1537:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1419:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1378:, p. 165.
1368:
1366:, p. 290.
1356:
1354:, p. 163.
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1226:
1210:
1194:
1178:
1159:
1143:
1117:
1092:
1067:
1042:
1017:
1001:
992:"Visitor visa"
983:
963:
947:
931:
912:
904:United Nations
889:
866:
850:
829:
815:
790:
759:
730:
705:
684:
654:
653:
651:
648:
645:
644:
633:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
593:
590:
578:Gilberto Amado
543:
540:
516:Main article:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
474:
465:
457:
454:
438:Main article:
435:
432:
388:
385:
366:
363:
350:Main article:
347:
344:
342:
339:
307:
304:
289:Federal Police
283:
280:
263:
262:
255:
237:
226:
225:
222:
215:
207:
204:
202:
199:
191:
190:
187:
180:
165:
162:
92:
91:
84:
83:
82:5 October 1988
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
40:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3380:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3331:Schengen Area
3328:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Statelessness
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3212:Ius sanguinis
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3164:African Union
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:organizations
3130:International
3128:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:United States
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Liechtenstein
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2754:Schengen Area
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:United States
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Guinea-Bissau
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
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1341:
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1329:
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1317:
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1304:Jerónimo 2016
1300:
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1292:Braganza 2019
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1280:Braganza 2019
1276:
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3311:Soviet Union
3306:Ancient Rome
3301:Nazi Germany
3227:Repatriation
3217:
3210:
3177:By procedure
2712:Turkmenistan
2667:Saudi Arabia
2451:
2231:South Africa
2216:Sierra Leone
2021:Burkina Faso
1987:By continent
1938:. Retrieved
1925:
1910:. Retrieved
1895:
1880:. Retrieved
1848:
1842:
1828:– via
1817:
1801:. Retrieved
1773:
1769:
1749:. Retrieved
1715:
1711:
1695:. Retrieved
1674:
1670:
1654:. Retrieved
1634:
1615:. Retrieved
1583:
1577:
1552:
1521:
1496:
1488:Bibliography
1480:, p. 2.
1473:
1466:Schwarz 2012
1461:
1456:, p. 8.
1449:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1415:Stevens 1933
1400:Stevens 1933
1395:
1383:
1371:
1364:Griscom 1906
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1316:Schwarz 2012
1311:
1306:, p. 5.
1299:
1294:, p. 6.
1287:
1282:, p. 5.
1275:
1268:Bethell 1989
1263:
1256:Bethell 1989
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1229:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1120:
1109:. Retrieved
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1045:
1034:. Retrieved
1020:
1004:
996:the original
986:
966:
950:
934:
853:
818:
807:. Retrieved
802:
793:
680:(in English)
637:
574:
565:
560:constitution
548:independence
545:
521:
451:
443:
425:
413:Armed Forces
390:
368:
355:
328:
325:
321:
317:
309:
301:
285:
272:
264:
227:
209:
206:Requirements
192:
174:
167:
152:Brazil is a
151:
124:
113:
96:
95:
87:
26:
3285:Travel visa
3243:Citizenship
3068:New Zealand
2912:Switzerland
2867:Netherlands
2677:South Korea
2657:Philippines
2637:North Korea
2517:Afghanistan
2421:Puerto Rico
2344:El Salvador
2236:South Sudan
2121:Ivory Coast
1940:29 December
1912:27 December
1882:27 December
1803:12 February
1751:29 December
1722:: 156–182.
1697:29 December
1681:: 176–202.
1656:30 December
1617:29 December
1549:Root, Elihu
1340:Hahner 1980
581: [
499: eVisa
141:. Although
2998:San Marino
2978:Montenegro
2943:Azerbaijan
2857:Luxembourg
2722:Uzbekistan
2692:Tajikistan
2597:Kyrgyzstan
2592:Kazakhstan
2552:East Timor
2527:Bangladesh
2349:Greenland
2324:Costa Rica
2226:Somaliland
2211:Seychelles
2176:Mozambique
2161:Mauritania
2146:Madagascar
2101:The Gambia
2036:Cape Verde
1877:5544668423
1790:8056258725
1746:5954548519
1590:: 65–111.
1328:Wyler 1949
1241:24 October
1136:8 November
1111:2022-11-08
1086:2022-11-08
1061:2022-11-08
1036:2022-11-08
809:2023-05-18
650:References
267:CELPE-Bras
219:Portuguese
3236:By result
3038:Australia
2852:Lithuania
2682:Sri Lanka
2672:Singapore
2652:Palestine
2562:Indonesia
2497:Venezuela
2442:Argentina
2402:St. Lucia
2387:Nicaragua
2362:Guatemala
2166:Mauritius
1861:1479-5949
1855:: 53–60.
1782:1390-0099
1738:2179-7137
1687:0370-7687
1612:938292133
1596:0023-8791
1565:681905398
1218:Questions
393:President
371:mandatory
313:stateless
241:Brazilian
234:stateless
170:diplomats
79:Commenced
3362:Category
3346:Category
3258:Internal
3253:Passport
3219:Ius soli
3149:Mercosur
3058:Kiribati
2897:Slovenia
2892:Slovakia
2882:Portugal
2772:Bulgaria
2702:Thailand
2647:Pakistan
2622:Mongolia
2617:Malaysia
2542:Cambodia
2487:Suriname
2477:Paraguay
2462:Colombia
2372:Honduras
2334:Dominica
2309:Barbados
2285:Americas
2276:Zimbabwe
2246:Tanzania
2091:Ethiopia
2086:Eswatini
2066:Djibouti
2031:Cameroon
2016:Botswana
1934:Archived
1906:Archived
1794:Archived
1770:Procesos
1691:Archived
1647:Archived
1545:"Brazil"
1543:(1906).
1130:Archived
1105:Archived
1080:Archived
1055:Archived
1030:Archived
592:See also
446:Portugal
375:literate
164:At birth
147:Portugal
107:, which
3294:Defunct
3121:Vanuatu
3031:Oceania
3013:Ukraine
2968:Moldova
2958:Georgia
2948:Belarus
2938:Andorra
2933:Armenia
2928:Albania
2887:Romania
2832:Ireland
2827:Iceland
2822:Hungary
2812:Germany
2802:Finland
2797:Estonia
2792:Denmark
2777:Croatia
2767:Belgium
2762:Austria
2727:Vietnam
2627:Myanmar
2612:Lebanon
2522:Bahrain
2492:Uruguay
2467:Ecuador
2447:Bolivia
2377:Jamaica
2357:Grenada
2304:Bahamas
2256:Tunisia
2221:Somalia
2206:Senegal
2191:Nigeria
2181:Namibia
2171:Morocco
2136:Liberia
2131:Lesotho
2081:Eritrea
2051:Comoros
2026:Burundi
2001:Algeria
1604:2503094
1551:(ed.).
556:Pedro I
542:History
282:Process
236:people;
133:of the
90:Amended
88:Status:
3098:Tuvalu
3008:Turkey
3003:Serbia
2993:Russia
2973:Monaco
2963:Kosovo
2907:Sweden
2877:Poland
2872:Norway
2842:Latvia
2817:Greece
2807:France
2782:Cyprus
2741:Europe
2707:Turkey
2697:Taiwan
2602:Kuwait
2587:Jordan
2577:Israel
2537:Brunei
2532:Bhutan
2472:Guyana
2452:Brazil
2392:Panama
2382:Mexico
2319:Canada
2314:Belize
2271:Zambia
2261:Uganda
2196:Rwanda
2151:Malawi
2111:Guinea
2006:Angola
1994:Africa
1875:
1869:754245
1867:
1859:
1788:
1780:
1744:
1736:
1685:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1563:
1529:
1508:
554:under
530:20th (
524:Brazil
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
476:
471:Brazil
469:
467:
365:Voting
244:spouse
127:colony
101:Brazil
63:Brazil
3093:Tonga
3083:Samoa
3073:Palau
3053:Nauru
2902:Spain
2862:Malta
2837:Italy
2732:Yemen
2687:Syria
2662:Qatar
2632:Nepal
2582:Japan
2557:India
2547:China
2457:Chile
2435:South
2367:Haiti
2292:North
2241:Sudan
2186:Niger
2141:Libya
2126:Kenya
2106:Ghana
2096:Gabon
2071:Egypt
2011:Benin
1865:JSTOR
1822:(PDF)
1797:(PDF)
1766:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1631:(PDF)
1600:JSTOR
1547:. In
629:Notes
585:]
532:dense
248:child
221:; and
3115:Guam
3048:Fiji
2752:and
2642:Oman
2607:Laos
2572:Iraq
2567:Iran
2510:Asia
2482:Peru
2329:Cuba
2251:Togo
2156:Mali
2046:Chad
1942:2020
1914:2020
1884:2020
1873:OCLC
1857:ISSN
1805:2021
1786:OCLC
1778:ISSN
1753:2020
1742:OCLC
1734:ISSN
1699:2020
1683:ISSN
1658:2020
1619:2020
1608:OCLC
1592:ISSN
1561:OCLC
1527:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1430:1932
1243:2023
1138:2022
373:for
186:; or
129:and
1724:doi
395:or
380:R$
246:or
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