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888:. The European Union and some other countries legally enforce "Cognac" as the exclusive name for brandy produced and distilled in the Cognac area of France and the name "Armagnac" for brandy from the Gascony area of France. Both must also be made using traditional techniques. Since these are considered "protected designations of origin", a brandy made elsewhere may not be called Cognac in these jurisdictions, even if it was made in an identical manner.
408:
to as the "heads", "heart", and "tails", respectively. The first part, the "head", has an alcohol concentration of about 83% (166 US proof) and an unpleasant odour. The weak portion on the end, the "tail", is discarded along with the head, and they are generally mixed with another batch of low wine, thereby entering the distillation cycle again. The middle heart fraction, the richest in aromas and flavours, is preserved for later maturation.
1231:
268:, the resulting product improved over the original distilled spirit. In addition to removing water, the distillation process led to the formation and decomposition of numerous aromatic compounds, fundamentally altering the distillate composition from its source. Non-volatile substances such as pigments, sugars, and salts remained behind in the still. As a result, the distillate taste was often quite unlike the sources.
51:
1495:
504:. When drunk at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy-drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for the glass to be heated before the brandy is poured.
706:
In the US, a brandy that has been produced from other than grape wine must be labelled with a clarifying description of the type of brandy production, such as "peach brandy", "fruit brandy", "dried fruit brandy", or "pomace brandy", and brandy that has not been aged in oak for at least two years must
407:
Brandy is distilled from the base wine in two phases. First, a large part of water and solids is removed from the base, obtaining so-called "low wine", a concentrated wine with 28–30% ABV. In the second stage, low wine is distilled into brandy. The liquid exits the pot still in three phases, referred
710:
In Canada, the regulations regarding naming conventions for brandy are similar to those of the US (provisions B.02.050–061). According to
Canadian food and drug regulations, Brandy shall be a potable alcoholic distillate, or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates, obtained by the distillation of
320:
As most brandies have been distilled from grapes, the regions of the world producing excellent brandies have roughly paralleled those areas producing grapes for viniculture. At the end of the 19th century, the western
European markets, including by extension their overseas empires, were dominated by
308:
To shorten these several distillations, which were long and troublesome, a chemical instrument was invented that reduced them to a single distillation. A portion was ignited to test the purity of the rectified spirit of wine. The liquor was good if a fire consumed the entire contents without leaving
474:
system, where the producer changes the barrel each year. After a period of ageing, which depends on the style, class and legal requirements, the mature brandy is mixed with distilled water to reduce alcohol concentration and bottled. Some brandies have caramel colour and sugar added to simulate the
599:
In the 19th century, brandy was often used as medical treatment due to its alleged "stimulating" qualities. It was also used by many
European explorers of tropical Africa, who suggested that regular, moderate doses of brandy might help a traveller to cope with fever, depression, and stress. These
263:
method and to make it easier for merchants to transport. It is also thought that wine was originally distilled to lessen the tax, which was assessed by volume. The intent was to add the water removed by distillation back to the brandy shortly before consumption. It was discovered that after being
384:
Except for a few major producers, brandy production and consumption tend to have a regional character, and thus production methods significantly vary. Wine brandy is produced from a variety of grape cultivars. A special selection of cultivars, providing distinct aroma and character, is used for
711:
wine. The minimum specified ageing period is six months in wood, although not necessarily oak (provision B.02.061.2). Caramel, fruit, other botanical substances, flavourings, and flavouring preparations may also be included in a product called brandy (provisions B.02.050–059).
703:, there are regulations that require products labelled as brandy, except "grain brandy", to be produced exclusively from the distillation or redistillation of grape-based wine or grape-based "wine fortified for distillation" and aged a minimum of six months in oak.
285:
was filled half full of the liquor from which brandy was to be drawn and then raised with a little fire until about one-sixth part was distilled, or until that which falls into the receiver was entirely flammable. This liquor, distilled only once, was called the
993:
in
Romania. After a double distillation, the beverage is usually aged in oak barrels and labelled according to its age (VS is a minimum of 3 years old, VSOP is a minimum of 5 years old, XO is a minimum of 7 years old, and XXO is a minimum of 20 years
411:
Distillation does not simply enhance the alcohol content of wine. The heat under which the product is distilled and the material of the still (usually copper) cause chemical reactions during distillation. This leads to the formation of numerous new
1139:('beyond age') is a designation formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac it designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice, the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.
1012:
are, by law, made almost exactly as Cognac, using a double distillation process in copper pot stills followed by ageing in oak barrels for a minimum of three years. Because of this, South
African brandies are considered very high
1001:
according to a recipe brought from France. Kizlyar brandy is produced according to the classic cognac technology and is one of the most popular beverages in Russia. Also in 2008, the factory restored the status of the
1170:(traditionally called "Cognac" within the country), as well as brandies from many other post-Soviet states, uses the traditional Russian grading system that is similar to the French one, but extends it significantly:
392:, which significantly differs from regular table wines. It is made from early grapes to achieve higher acid concentration and lower sugar levels. Base wine generally contains smaller amounts (up to 20 mg/L) of
1076:
which are aged in oak casks and achieve the same caramel colour as regular brandies. There is a vast production of brandies and grappas in Italy, with more than 600 large, medium or small distilleries.
244:. While the process was known in classical times, it was not used for significant beverage production until the 15th century. In the early 16th-century French brandy helped kickstart the cross-Atlantic
191:
to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are
439:. The distillate obtained in this manner has a higher alcohol concentration (approximately 90% ABV) and is less aromatic. The choice of the apparatus depends on the style of brandy produced.
2009:"Regulation (EC) No. 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 "on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of spirit drinks""
810:. Armagnac was the first distilled spirit in France. Its usage was first mentioned in 1310 by Vital Du Four in a book of medicine recipes. Armagnacs have a specificity: they offer
671:" or "fruit spirit" or named using the specific fruit, such as "peach brandy", rather than just generically as "brandy". If pomace is the raw material, the beverage may be called "
600:
views fell out of favour in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, with suggestions that people were using brandy's "medical" qualities as an excuse for social drinking.
1682:
Sir
Winston Churchill's favourite Armenian brandy... The brandy, which was also a favourite of Agatha Christie and Frank Sinatra, has been made in the Ararat Valley since 1877.
1543:
Sir
Winston Churchill's favourite Armenian brandy... The brandy, which was also a favourite of Agatha Christie and Frank Sinatra, has been made in the Ararat Valley since 1877.
591:
while serving. Brandy is traditionally poured over a
Christmas pudding and set alight before serving. The use of flambé can retain as much as 75% of the alcohol in the brandy.
304:
and in a glass cucurbit, and the liquor was distilled to about one-half the quantity. This was further rectified as long as the operator thought it necessary to produce brandy.
1509:
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due to its higher alcohol content and ease of shipping. Canoemen and guards on the
African side of the trade were generally paid in brandy. By the late 17th century,
961:
Kanyak (or konyak) is a variety from Turkey, whose name is both a variation of "cognac" and means "burn blood" in
Turkish, a reference to its use in cold weather.
1009:
444:
1810:
A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant: Embracing English, American, and Anglo-Indian Slang, Pidgin English, Tinkers' Jargon and Other Irregular Phraseology
675:", "marc brandy", "grape marc", "fruit marc spirit", or "grape marc spirit", "marc" being the pulp residue after the juice has been pressed from the fruit.
663:
and from fermented fruit other than grapes. If a beverage comes from a particular fruit (or multiple fruits) other than exclusively grapes, or from the
1043:
692:
which was originally used in its production involved no distillation. There is also a product called "grain brandy" that is made from grain spirits.
1167:
1016:
1188:/KV ("Aged Cognac") is a designation corresponding to "XO" or "Napoléon", meaning that the youngest spirit in the blend is at least six years old.
921:
695:
Within particular jurisdictions, specific regulatory requirements regarding the labelling of products identified as brandy exist. For example:
361:
that he asked for several cases of it to be sent to him each year. Reportedly 400 bottles of Dvin were shipped to Churchill annually. In 1884,
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1967:
1664:
1525:
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in the southwest of France, Gers, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne. It is single-continuous distilled in a copper still and aged in oak casks from
313:
in the bottom of the spirit. The liquor was good if the gunpowder could ignite after the spirit was consumed by fire. (Hence the modern "
1933:
1866:"Is alcohol a tropical medicine? Scientific understandings of climate, stimulants and bodies in Victorian and Edwardian tropical travel"
1196:/KVVK ("Aged Cognac, Superior Quality") designates the eight-year-old blends and tends to be used only for the highest quality vintages.
2668:
1588:
1109:("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask.
1058:
835:
1174:"Three stars" or ✯✯✯ designates the brandy with the youngest component cask-aged for at least two years, analogous to the French V.S.
839:
831:
815:
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2433:
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404:. The yeast sediment produced during the fermentation may or may not be kept in the wine, depending on the brandy style.
2008:
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1848:
1734:
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or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask.
1042:. Colour, texture and finish resemble those of their French and Spanish counterparts. The most popular brands are
2589:
969:
955:
200:
2706:
2661:
1623:
1204:/KS ("Old Cognac"): At least ten years of age for the youngest spirit in the blend (similar to the Armagnac's "
2061:
1180:"Five stars" means that the youngest brandy in the blend was aged four years, similar to the French V.S.O.P.
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881:
17:
1317:
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1974:
1177:"Four stars" or ✯✯✯✯ is for the blends where the youngest brandy is aged for at least three years.
180:
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for steak and other meat. It creates a more intense flavour in some soups, notably onion soup.
372:, Georgia, a crossroads for Turkish, Central Asian, and Persian trade routes and a part of the
2940:
2563:
2226:
2192:
1722:
1382:
1355:
1063:
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1968:"Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22"
1789:
1409:
918:
differs from other varieties in that its alcohol concentration is only 32% ABV (64 US proof).
899:
2038:
1436:
907:
777:
in the southern part of Armenia. Bottles on the market are aged anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
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2726:
947:
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8:
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In English Christmas cooking, brandy is a common flavouring in traditional foods such as
546:
534:
470:(single-barrel ageing). Some brandies, particularly those from Spain, are aged using the
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2616:
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Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of
1054:
751:
Most American grape brandy production is situated in California. Popular brands include
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2731:
2677:
1903:
1048:
1021:
520:
428:
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aroma components, changes in relative amounts of aroma components in the wine, and the
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362:
241:
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4147:
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1923:
803:
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1895:
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1471:
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high-quality brandies, while cheaper ones are made from whichever wine is available.
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30:
This article is about the alcoholic beverage obtained from wine. For the singer, see
1827:, Hindu and Romany, for water. In England: "parny" is a common slang word for water.
1751:
4376:
4195:
4169:
3924:
3804:
2759:
1877:
1504:
1312:
1218:/OS ("Very Old"): Beyond the French system, designating blends older than 20 years.
857:
588:
516:
350:
322:
1641:
1068:. Northern Italy has also been noted since the Middle Ages for its pomace brandy,
974:
584:
321:
French and Spanish brandies and eastern Europe was dominated by brandies from the
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3814:
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3728:
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designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years.
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to mature. Usually, brandies with a natural golden or brown colour are aged in
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249:
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had replaced brandy as the exchange alcohol of choice in the triangle trade.
215:
176:
131:
108:
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of France, and is double distilled using pot stills. Popular brands include
447:
are examples of brandy produced in batches while many American brandies use
4183:
3819:
3738:
3723:
3606:
3040:
2930:
2925:
2816:
2801:
2281:
2194:
The New Wine Lover's Companion: Descriptions of Wines from Around the World
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is any high-quality brandy, including Cognac and Armagnac but also Fine de
861:
823:
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467:
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349:, Armenia. It became one of the top brandy brands over time and during the
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219:
165:
135:
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4381:
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1102:. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name:
659:
In the general colloquial usage of the term, brandy may also be made from
644:
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4017:
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1072:, which is generally colourless but has some top-shelf varieties called
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4421:
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4306:
4254:
3713:
3656:
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1937:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.
1823:
Brandy pawnee (Anglo-Indian and English gypsy), brandy and water. From
1381:
British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force (2008). Gail Goldberg (ed.).
1258:
1039:
1035:
1026:
has been produced since the 1700s in the North of Italy, especially in
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417:
300:
224:
4022:
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2615:
2406:правды", Комсомольская правда | Сайт "Комсомольской (21 August 2009).
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any impurities behind. Another, better test involved putting a little
294:. Purified by another distillation (or several more), this was called
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is legally equivalent to the English term "brandy", but outside the
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1498: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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2231:. The Classic Wine Library. Infinite Ideas Limited. p. 133.
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811:
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728:
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346:
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59:
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2062:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"
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1085:, is also allowed to produce pomace brandy designated as grappa.
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Brandy may be added to other beverages to make several popular
471:
440:
357:
was so impressed with the Armenian brandy Dvin given to him by
211:
192:
184:
161:
149:
70:
55:
50:
2565:Товароведение и экспертиза вкусовых товаров: Учебник для вузов
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1261: – liquor made of brandy, neutral grain spirit and water
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In Moldova and Romania, grape brandy is colloquially called
4209:
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3454:
3434:
3364:
3316:
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2121:, 5th edition, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987). Page 464.
1510:
Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
664:
168:
121:
2408:"Кизлярский коньяк: традиционный вкус и верность качеству"
4436:
4042:
3641:
3301:
1864:
Armston-Sheret, Edward; Walker, Kim (24 September 2021).
1665:"First chance to buy brandy that Stalin served Churchill"
1526:"First chance to buy brandy that Stalin served Churchill"
968:
region, just north of Lisbon, is one of the few European
682:" or "grappa brandy". Apple brandy may be referred to as
464:
253:
2274:"KIZLAR • Big Russian Encyclopedia – electronic version"
2119:
Alexis Lichine’s New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits
1768:
1360:. John Wiley & Sons. 14 December 2007. p. 151.
210:
also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of
1697:. International Wine Tourism Conference. 5 April 2014.
1034:, using grapes that are popular in winemaking such as
954:
and is also available as a separate product. It has a
2354:"HE WAS MADLY CONCERNED WITH IDEAS OF THEIR CASE ..."
1163:
Brandy de Jerez Solera Gran Reserva: three years old.
459:
After distillation, the unaged brandy is placed into
248:
when it took over the central role of the Portuguese
240:
The origins of brandy are tied to the development of
1863:
1272:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1263:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1226:
1150:
Consejo Regulador de la Denominacion Brandy de Jerez
997:
In Russia, brandy was first produced in 1885 at the
603:
488:
Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature (
2857:
723:, it is particularly used to designate brandy from
656:refers specifically to distilled wine from grapes.
277:, the following method was used to distill brandy:
2260:"VS, VSOP sau XO: noțiuni elementare despre divin"
2218:
1769:
1587:
1463:
1275:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
2516:
2514:
2512:
2001:
1951:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989.
1721:Charles W. Bamforth, Robert E. Ward, ed. (2014).
1470:. New York, New York: Walker Publishing Company.
940:grape varieties blended with an aged Muscat wine.
4593:
1554:
1411:Cognac: The story of the world's greatest brandy
773:has been produced since 1877 and comes from the
632:, which literally means "burned wine" and whose
2590:"Сроки выдержки VS, VSOP, XO, КВ, КВВК, КС, ОС"
2087:"Brandy producers up in arms over EU directive"
537:usage has "brandy-pawnee" (brandy with water).
2509:
2028:EC regulation No. 110/2008, Annex II, nn 3–9u.
1870:The British Journal for the History of Science
1513:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
1407:
2662:
2179:Stronger spirits-domestically produced cin...
1802:
1749:
1729:. Oxford University Press. pp. 249–252.
1282: – Wine with an added distilled beverage
1213:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1160:Brandy de Jerez Solera Reserva: one year old.
1148:
928:. Mature distillates are made from sun-dried
568:. It is also commonly used in drinks such as
2526:Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac
2464:"South Africa wins Best Brandy in the World"
2405:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1813:. Vol. 1. Ballantyne Press. p. 176
1455:
1434:
1205:
1133:
978:), together with Cognac, Armagnac and Jerez.
891:
396:than regular wines, as it creates undesired
4130:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
2039:"Food and Drug Regulations, C.R.C., c. 870"
1998:EC regulation No. 110/2008, Annex II, nn 3.
1920:
715:Within the European Union, the German term
667:of such fruit, it may be referred to as a "
3528:
2689:
2669:
2655:
678:Grape pomace brandy may be designated as "
594:
49:
2568:. Издательский дом "Питер". p. 137.
2132:"Bulk Brandy Producer, Rudolf Prehn GmbH"
1955:
1881:
1727:The Oxford Handbook of Food Fermentations
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1548:
1634:
1503:
1461:
1438:The Brandy Trade Under the Ancien Régime
950:in Andalusia, Spain. It is used in some
738:
2676:
2156:
1585:
1489:
1487:
734:
652:refers to any distilled spirits, while
612:is a shortening of the archaic English
298:. The second distillation was made in
218:), or mash or wine of any other fruit (
14:
4594:
2224:
2190:
2053:
1701:
1621:
1387:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 174.
1089:
4125:
3527:
2856:
2688:
2650:
2487:
2485:
2401:
2399:
1838:
1695:"Sarajishvili Brandy Made in Georgia"
1662:
1642:"Spirited return for Armenian brandy"
1589:"How to drink like Winston Churchill"
1523:
1157:Brandy de Jerez Solera: 6 months old.
2522:"All about Cognac – Reading a label"
1790:participating institution membership
1484:
1401:
1357:Kirk-Othmer Food and Feed Technology
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
271:As described in the 1728 edition of
1941:
1656:
1624:"Armenian brandy's Churchill boast"
1517:
1466:A History of the World in 6 Glasses
1348:
576:, drunk during the festive season.
259:Initially, wine was distilled as a
171:. Brandy generally contains 35–60%
24:
2482:
2396:
2059:
1839:McGee, Harold (23 November 2004).
1374:
1323:
222:). These products are also called
179:) and is typically consumed as an
27:Spirit produced by distilling wine
25:
4623:
2608:
2466:. Southafrica.net. Archived from
1663:Prynn, Jonathan (23 March 2012).
1524:Prynn, Jonathan (23 March 2012).
1293:
946:originates from vineyards around
604:Terminology and legal definitions
2434:"Supplier of the Moscow Kremlin"
1493:
1243:
1229:
540:
317:" to describe alcohol content.)
2582:
2556:
2544:
2456:
2426:
2371:
2346:
2321:
2296:
2266:
2252:
2184:
2150:
2124:
2111:
2079:
2031:
2022:
1992:
1914:
1857:
1832:
1796:
1762:
1750:Charles Dubow (14 March 1998).
1743:
1687:
1615:
1579:
956:protected designation of origin
400:in reaction with copper in the
2707:History of alcoholic beverages
2095:. 27 June 2001. Archived from
2060:Branch, Legislative Services.
1557:"Armenia. The cognac republic"
1441:. Cambridge University Press.
1428:
814:qualities. Popular brands are
478:
423:Brandy is usually produced in
420:of components such as esters.
388:Brandy is made from so-called
228:(literally "water of life" in
13:
1:
2551:Reglamento de Brandy de Jerez
2329:"Science and the Enterprises"
1286:
620:, which was derived from the
475:appearance of barrel ageing.
379:
206:In a broader sense, the term
2197:. Sourcebooks. p. 246.
2177:– via Google Scholar.
1921:Schidrowitz, Philip (1911).
1622:Renton, Alex (7 July 2011).
1153:classifies it according to:
1115:("very superior old pale"),
183:. Some brandies are aged in
7:
2134:. Prehn.com. Archived from
1222:
790:is made from grapes of the
187:. Others are coloured with
10:
4628:
2623:Collier's New Encyclopedia
985:, but is officially named
972:that produce only brandy (
707:be labelled as "immature".
686:, although the process of
483:
235:
29:
4576:
4135:
4121:
3955:
3764:
3541:
3537:
3523:
3332:
3106:
2870:
2866:
2852:
2752:
2699:
2695:
2684:
2163:. Rough Guides. pp.
1949:Oxford English Dictionary
1883:10.1017/S0007087421000649
1777:Oxford English Dictionary
1555:Vladimir Gendlin (2003).
1214:
1206:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1134:
721:German-speaking countries
141:
127:
117:
107:
94:
86:
76:
66:
48:
3979:Coconut and other palms
3351:Coconut and other palms
2722:History of Bordeaux wine
2379:"Коньяк не терпит суеты"
1586:Dockter, Warren (2015).
1507:, ed. (1728). "Brandy".
454:
366:founded a brandy factory
296:spirit of wine rectified
2807:Drinking establishments
2157:Ayliffe, Rosie (2003).
1934:Encyclopædia Britannica
1805:Leland, Charles Godfrey
1782:Oxford University Press
1670:London Evening Standard
1531:London Evening Standard
1408:Nicholas Faith (2013).
1384:Plants: Diet and Health
1318:Encyclopædia Britannica
648:. In Germany, the term
595:Historical medical uses
449:fractional distillation
437:continuous distillation
78:Country of origin
36:Brandy (disambiguation)
4014:Sugarcane or molasses
3451:Sugarcane or molasses
2690:History and production
2639:Encyclopedia Americana
2592:. Cognac Museum Moscow
1462:Standage, Tom (2006).
1149:
1081:, in Italian-speaking
1010:South African brandies
999:Kizlyar Brandy Factory
892:
747:
628:, itself derived from
549:liquid used in making
306:
34:. For other uses, see
2737:History of Rioja wine
2228:The wines of Portugal
1435:L. M. Cullen (2002).
802:or from the renowned
742:
435:can also be used for
279:
181:after-dinner digestif
4448:Mammee apple flower
2727:History of Champagne
2438:www.kremlin-guild.ru
2041:. Laws.justice.gc.ca
1567:on 30 September 2007
948:Jerez de la Frontera
735:Varieties and brands
529:Brandy Old Fashioned
511:; these include the
445:South African brandy
201:south-western France
4498:Sugarcane/molasses
2941:Moscatel de Setúbal
2834:Yeast in winemaking
2822:Yeast in winemaking
2678:Alcoholic beverages
2532:on 23 December 2016
2225:Mayson, R. (2020).
2191:Herbst, R. (2017).
2138:on 13 November 2011
1980:on 17 December 2008
1841:On Food and Cooking
1780:(Online ed.).
1090:Labelling of grades
545:Brandy is a common
345:was established in
343:Ararat brandy brand
45:
4607:Andalusian cuisine
2732:History of Chianti
2700:History of alcohol
2444:on 18 October 2018
2359:. 15 November 2001
2066:laws.justice.gc.ca
1414:. Infinite Ideas.
1055:Stravecchio Branca
924:is distilled from
753:Christian Brothers
748:
579:Brandy is used to
451:in column stills.
429:batch distillation
398:copper(II) sulfate
363:David Sarajishvili
71:Distilled beverage
43:
4589:
4588:
4572:
4571:
4275:Chocolate liqueur
4236:Blackthorn shrub
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4069:Various starches
3825:Tennessee whiskey
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3486:Various starches
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2742:History of Sherry
2575:978-5-94723-971-3
2284:on 8 January 2019
2238:978-1-910902-87-5
2204:978-1-4380-8163-2
2174:978-1-84353-071-8
2117:Lichine, Alexis.
1803:Barrère, Albert;
1788:(Subscription or
1505:Chambers, Ephraim
1125:("extra old") or
975:aguardente vínica
906:, and Fine de la
820:Baron de Sigognac
566:Christmas pudding
355:Winston Churchill
189:caramel colouring
173:alcohol by volume
155:
154:
97:Alcohol by volume
16:(Redirected from
4619:
4612:Distilled drinks
4196:Herbs de Majorca
4170:Anisado Mallorca
4123:
4122:
3925:American whiskey
3916:Multiple grains
3805:Buckwheat whisky
3539:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3298:Multiple grains
2868:
2867:
2859:Fermented drinks
2854:
2853:
2760:Alcohol industry
2697:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2560:
2554:
2553:brandydejerez.es
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2528:. Archived from
2518:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2470:on 16 March 2012
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:. Archived from
2270:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1973:. Archived from
1972:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1885:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1752:"Cognac Q&A"
1747:
1741:
1740:
1718:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1591:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:. Archived from
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1327:
1321:
1310:
1276:
1273:
1264:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1152:
1137:
1136:
1067:
1052:
1025:
1006:Suppliers Guild.
897:
746:in barrels aging
589:cherries jubilee
517:Brandy Alexander
351:Yalta Conference
323:Black Sea region
142:Related products
100:
79:
53:
46:
42:
21:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4568:
4537:Crème de cassis
4532:Crème de banane
4518:Various fruits
4387:Crème de menthe
4148:Crème de Noyaux
4131:
4109:
3951:
3935:Canadian whisky
3909:Kaoliang liquor
3815:Bourbon whiskey
3780:Japanese whisky
3760:
3729:Marillenschnaps
3705:Various fruits
3533:
3511:
3340:Agave americana
3328:
3102:
3057:Various fruits
2862:
2840:
2748:
2717:History of wine
2712:History of beer
2691:
2680:
2675:
2630:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2520:
2519:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2308:www.kkz1885.com
2304:"About factory"
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1919:
1915:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1837:
1833:
1816:
1814:
1807:, eds. (1889).
1801:
1797:
1787:
1771:"brandy-pawnee"
1767:
1763:
1756:Forbes magazine
1748:
1744:
1737:
1719:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1675:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1594:Daily Telegraph
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1294:
1289:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1145:Brandy de Jerez
1143:In the case of
1092:
1061:
1046:
1044:Vecchia Romagna
1019:
989:in Moldova and
944:Brandy de Jerez
848:comes from the
804:Tronçais Forest
792:Armagnac region
744:Brandy de Jerez
737:
606:
597:
583:dishes such as
543:
486:
481:
457:
382:
341:. In 1877, the
238:
95:
77:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4625:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4261:Chili peppers
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4250:Cherry Heering
4244:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4048:Seco Herrerano
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Mixiang Baijiu
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3532:by ingredients
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2861:by ingredients
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2633:"Brandy"
2628:
2617:"Brandy"
2610:
2609:External links
2607:
2604:
2603:
2581:
2574:
2555:
2543:
2508:
2493:"Brandy Bible"
2481:
2455:
2425:
2395:
2370:
2345:
2320:
2295:
2265:
2251:
2237:
2217:
2203:
2183:
2173:
2149:
2123:
2110:
2099:on 4 July 2019
2078:
2052:
2030:
2021:
2000:
1991:
1954:
1940:
1929:Chisholm, Hugh
1924:"Brandy"
1913:
1876:(4): 465–484.
1856:
1849:
1831:
1795:
1761:
1742:
1735:
1700:
1686:
1655:
1633:
1614:
1578:
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1516:
1483:
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1454:
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1400:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1347:
1322:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:Fortified wine
1277:
1270: – liquor
1265:
1255:
1254:
1240:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1168:Russian brandy
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1028:Emilia-Romagna
1017:Italian brandy
1014:
1007:
995:
979:
962:
959:
941:
919:
913:
912:
911:
889:
843:
778:
768:
736:
733:
713:
712:
708:
704:
701:European Union
605:
602:
596:
593:
558:Christmas cake
542:
539:
485:
482:
480:
477:
456:
453:
381:
378:
374:Russian Empire
288:spirit of wine
250:fortified wine
246:triangle trade
237:
234:
153:
152:
143:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
54:
32:Brandy Norwood
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4624:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
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4475:
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4472:Grand Marnier
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4380:
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4360:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
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4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Cream liqueur
4330:
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4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
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4026:
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4021:
4019:
4016:
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4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
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3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
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3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:Scotch whisky
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Irish whiskey
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3752:
3750:
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3745:
3742:
3740:
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3598:
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3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:Cashew apple
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
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3536:
3531:
3526:
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3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
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3488:
3487:
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3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Fermented tea
3473:
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3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
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3323:
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3310:
3308:
3305:
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3300:
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3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Shaoxing wine
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
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3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
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3128:
3125:
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3118:
3115:
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3112:
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3109:
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3097:
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3089:
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3079:
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3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:Prickly pear
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
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2989:
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2897:
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2873:
2869:
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2860:
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2851:
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2827:
2823:
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2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
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2800:
2796:
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2778:
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2772:
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2768:
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2640:
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2591:
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2523:
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2409:
2402:
2400:
2384:
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2349:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2262:. 5 May 2018.
2261:
2255:
2240:
2234:
2230:
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2206:
2200:
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2195:
2187:
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2170:
2166:
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2153:
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2127:
2120:
2114:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1936:
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1930:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
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1852:
1850:9780684800011
1846:
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1828:
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1806:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1736:9780199742707
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:"5.2. Brandy"
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1644:. 8 June 2004
1643:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1558:
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1544:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:public domain
1490:
1488:
1479:
1477:9780802715524
1473:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1450:
1448:9780521890984
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1421:9781906821791
1417:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1394:9781405147729
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1367:9780470174487
1363:
1359:
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1237:Liquor portal
1232:
1227:
1212:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1179:
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1173:
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1169:
1162:
1159:
1156:
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1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
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1097:
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1056:
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977:
976:
971:
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960:
957:
953:
949:
945:
942:
939:
938:Black Corinth
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
917:
916:Cyprus brandy
914:
909:
905:
901:
896:
895:
890:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:Cognac region
847:
844:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:
785:
783:
779:
776:
772:
769:
766:
762:
758:
757:E&J Gallo
754:
750:
749:
745:
741:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
709:
705:
702:
698:
697:
696:
693:
691:
690:
685:
681:
676:
674:
673:pomace brandy
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
640:
635:
631:
630:gebrande wijn
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
601:
592:
590:
586:
585:crêpe Suzette
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:brandy butter
559:
554:
552:
548:
541:Culinary uses
538:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
476:
473:
469:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
377:
376:at the time.
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
359:Joseph Stalin
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
318:
316:
312:
305:
303:
302:
301:balneo mariae
297:
293:
289:
284:
278:
276:
275:
269:
267:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
233:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:pomace brandy
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
132:pomace brandy
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
58:in a typical
57:
56:Cognac brandy
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3820:Corn whiskey
3724:Himbeergeist
3708:
3616:
3577:Kirschwasser
3339:
3037:Pomegranate
2931:Marsala wine
2926:Madeira wine
2817:Simple syrup
2812:Fermentation
2802:Distillation
2637:
2621:
2594:. Retrieved
2584:
2564:
2558:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:the original
2525:
2499:. Retrieved
2472:. Retrieved
2468:the original
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2437:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2414:(in Russian)
2412:Nnov.kp.ru -
2411:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2356:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2277:
2268:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2227:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2193:
2186:
2178:
2159:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2126:
2118:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:the original
2090:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1975:the original
1948:
1943:
1932:
1916:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1843:. Scribner.
1840:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1815:. Retrieved
1809:
1798:
1775:
1764:
1755:
1745:
1726:
1689:
1681:
1674:. Retrieved
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1593:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1560:
1550:
1542:
1535:. Retrieved
1529:
1519:
1508:
1465:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1403:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1316:
1268:Dutch brandy
1251:Drink portal
1166:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
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1093:
1073:
990:
986:
982:
973:
922:Greek brandy
824:Larressingle
775:Ararat plain
716:
714:
694:
687:
677:
669:fruit brandy
658:
653:
649:
643:
637:
629:
625:
617:
613:
609:
607:
598:
578:
555:
544:
535:Anglo-Indian
533:
525:Brandy Daisy
506:
487:
458:
433:column still
422:
410:
406:
387:
383:
325:, including
319:
307:
299:
295:
291:
287:
280:
272:
270:
266:wooden casks
261:preservation
258:
242:distillation
239:
223:
220:fruit brandy
207:
205:
185:wooden casks
164:produced by
157:
156:
136:fruit brandy
90:15th century
40:
4483:Star anise
4377:Bénédictine
4337:Irish cream
4073:Aguardiente
4018:Aguardiente
3890:Rye whiskey
3400:Ginger wine
3117:Barley wine
3081:Mulled wine
3031:Plum jerkum
3001:Lychee wine
2991:Longan wine
2916:Bokbunja-ju
2906:Bignay wine
2896:Banana wine
2891:Banana beer
2765:Bathtub gin
2357:www.trud.ru
2092:Cyprus Mail
1561:Коммерсантъ
1083:Switzerland
1062: [
1047: [
1020: [
964:Portuguese
926:Muscat wine
886:Courvoisier
870:Rémy Martin
765:Paul Masson
684:"applejack"
570:mulled wine
513:Brandy Sour
502:tulip glass
479:Consumption
461:oak barrels
431:), but the
274:Cyclopaedia
118:Ingredients
4596:Categories
4542:Limoncello
4477:Triple sec
4452:Eau créole
4422:Irish Mist
4407:Bärenjäger
4362:Frangelico
4292:Cloudberry
4271:Chocolate
4255:Maraschino
3801:Buckwheat
3714:Eau de vie
3017:Pineapple
2981:Duhat wine
2977:Java plum
2971:White wine
2829:Winemaking
2753:Production
2244:25 January
2210:25 January
1792:required.)
1648:21 January
1607:19 October
1287:References
1259:Cut brandy
1207:Hors d'âge
1135:Hors d'âge
1040:Grignolino
1036:Sangiovese
902:, Fine de
650:Branntwein
626:brandewijn
618:brandywine
614:brandewine
551:pan sauces
527:, and the
498:wine glass
425:pot stills
418:hydrolysis
402:pot stills
380:Technology
264:stored in
225:eau de vie
214:(yielding
166:distilling
109:Proof (US)
87:Introduced
18:Brandewijn
4527:Cedratine
4492:Sassolino
4462:Cointreau
4382:Brennivín
4358:Hazelnut
4322:Tia Maria
4281:Cinnamon
4265:Pertsivka
4230:Bierlikör
4033:Desi daru
3795:Bierbrand
3689:Tsikoudia
3652:Slivovitz
3552:Applejack
3430:Kabarawan
3406:Galangal
3360:Palm wine
3237:Rice wine
3217:Makgeolli
3152:Oshikundu
3071:Hippocras
2956:Rosé wine
2946:Port wine
2912:Bokbunja
2785:Lautering
2448:7 January
2418:7 January
2388:7 January
2383:expert.ru
2363:7 January
2338:7 January
2313:7 January
2288:8 January
2278:bigenc.ru
1908:237617567
1892:0007-0874
1602:0307-1235
930:Savatiano
904:Bourgogne
717:Weinbrand
654:Weinbrand
645:brennivín
608:The term
547:deglazing
509:cocktails
492:) from a
390:base wine
311:gunpowder
4602:Brandies
4552:Sloe gin
4547:Schnapps
4512:Licor 43
4508:Vanilla
4502:Charanda
4433:Juniper
4412:Drambuie
4347:Advocaat
4303:Coconut
4240:Patxaran
4179:Anisette
4158:Absinthe
4143:Amaretto
4128:Liqueurs
3993:Lambanog
3901:Sorghum
3840:Cheongju
3694:Tsipouro
3638:Juniper
3612:Armagnac
3557:Calvados
3500:Parakari
3480:Kombucha
3380:Tunggang
3355:Bahalina
3322:Huangjiu
3288:Sorghum
3242:Rượu cần
3207:Gwaha-ju
3142:Tesgüino
3066:Dubonnet
3061:Conditum
3051:Colonche
2966:Vermouth
2951:Red wine
2936:Mistelle
2596:14 March
2474:12 March
2333:RTG CORP
2142:12 March
2045:12 March
1900:34558394
1628:BBC News
1331:"Brandy"
1223:See also
1127:Napoléon
1113:V.S.O.P.
1100:Armagnac
1074:barrique
1059:Stock 84
1013:quality.
966:Lourinhã
952:sherries
900:Bordeaux
882:Delamain
874:Hennessy
808:Auvergne
800:Limousin
788:Armagnac
639:brännvin
636:include
634:cognates
414:volatile
327:Bulgaria
283:cucurbit
197:Armagnac
177:US proof
175:(70–120
146:Armagnac
128:Variants
113:70°–120°
4558:Walnut
4522:Campari
4467:Curaçao
4458:Orange
4442:Jenever
4427:Krupnik
4372:Aquavit
4313:Coffee
4285:Tentura
4246:Cherry
4220:Sambuca
4205:Mastika
4189:Hierbas
4163:Anisado
4139:Almond
4088:Horilka
4078:Akvavit
4028:Clairin
4023:Cachaça
3973:Tequila
3850:Lao-Lao
3835:Awamori
3771:Barley
3765:Cereals
3754:Schnaps
3744:Pálinka
3734:Nalewka
3699:Zivania
3632:Zivania
3573:Cherry
3530:Liquors
3396:Ginger
3232:Pangasi
3192:Choujiu
3172:Amazake
3148:Millet
3137:Tejuino
3113:Barley
3107:Cereals
3096:Sangria
3021:Tepache
2997:Lychee
2987:Longan
2902:Bignay
2887:Banana
2780:Malting
2775:Brewery
2770:Brewing
2642:. 1920.
2626:. 1921.
2536:9 March
2501:3 March
2103:23 July
2071:18 July
2014:22 July
1984:3 March
1931:(ed.).
1676:6 March
1571:28 July
1537:6 March
1502::
1340:22 July
1315:at the
1117:Reserve
1004:Kremlin
934:Sultana
858:Martell
840:Janneau
832:Laubade
816:Darroze
812:vintage
796:Gascony
729:Germany
725:Austria
699:In the
689:jacking
521:Sidecar
494:snifter
484:Serving
394:sulphur
370:Tbilisi
347:Yerevan
339:Armenia
335:Georgia
236:History
60:snifter
4562:Nocino
4487:Pastis
4417:Glayva
4403:Honey
4397:Unicum
4392:Metaxa
4368:Herbs
4352:Eggnog
4328:Cream
4317:Kahlúa
4307:Malibu
4154:Anise
4098:Shōchū
4093:Poitín
4083:Bangla
4063:Tharra
4004:Dairy
3988:Laksoy
3983:Arrack
3968:Mezcal
3945:Whisky
3940:Shōchū
3930:Baijiu
3905:Baijiu
3895:Starka
3865:Shochu
3855:Lihing
3845:Cholai
3811:Maize
3709:Brandy
3674:Grappa
3669:Chacha
3664:Pomace
3622:Cognac
3617:Brandy
3603:Grape
3597:Boukha
3583:Dates
3548:Apple
3505:Ibwatu
3495:Chicha
3441:Sugar
3416:Honey
3386:Dairy
3345:Pulque
3292:Pendhā
3212:Hariya
3202:Dansul
3182:Beopju
3157:Tongba
3086:Nabidh
2961:Sherry
2922:Grape
2877:Apple
2572:
2235:
2201:
2171:
2160:Turkey
1906:
1898:
1890:
1847:
1733:
1600:
1474:
1445:
1418:
1391:
1364:
1313:Brandy
1147:, the
1096:Cognac
1079:Ticino
1070:grappa
1057:, and
1032:Veneto
991:Vinars
983:coniac
958:(PDO).
936:, and
878:Frapin
846:Cognac
828:Delord
782:France
771:Ararat
763:, and
761:Korbel
680:grappa
661:pomace
610:brandy
581:flambé
574:eggnog
564:, and
523:, the
519:, the
515:, the
472:solera
441:Cognac
331:Crimea
329:, the
292:brandy
230:French
212:pomace
208:brandy
193:Cognac
162:liquor
158:Brandy
150:Cognac
103:35–60%
99:
82:France
44:Brandy
4297:Lakka
4226:Beer
4103:Vodka
4053:Sulai
4038:Guaro
4008:Arkhi
3998:Sotol
3963:Agave
3956:Other
3875:Sulai
3831:Rice
3791:Beer
3749:Rakia
3719:Geist
3684:Orujo
3657:Țuică
3648:Plum
3627:Pisco
3587:Araqi
3542:Fruit
3490:Cauim
3465:Palek
3460:Intus
3445:Kilju
3425:Byais
3410:Byais
3390:Kumis
3375:Tuhak
3333:Other
3282:Kvass
3272:Tapuy
3267:Tapai
3262:Sonti
3227:Mirin
3222:Mijiu
3197:Chuak
3167:Agkud
3163:Rice
3132:Pozol
3127:Mageu
3123:Corn
3091:Pruno
3076:Jabol
3041:Rimon
3027:Plum
3011:Perry
3007:Pear
2881:Cider
2871:Fruit
2795:Yeast
2496:(PDF)
1978:(PDF)
1971:(PDF)
1927:. In
1904:S2CID
1817:4 May
1786:
1066:]
1051:]
1024:]
994:old).
987:Divin
908:Marne
866:Otard
862:Camus
836:Gélas
624:word
622:Dutch
500:or a
468:casks
455:Aging
315:proof
199:from
160:is a
4581:List
4343:Egg
4215:Rakı
4210:Ouzo
4184:Arak
4058:Sura
3885:Korn
3881:Rye
3870:Soju
3739:Oghi
3679:Marc
3607:Arak
3593:Fig
3567:Feni
3471:Tea
3455:Basi
3435:Mead
3420:Bais
3370:Tubâ
3365:Tuak
3317:Boza
3312:Beer
3278:Rye
3252:Sato
3247:Sake
3187:Brem
2790:Wort
2598:2018
2570:ISBN
2538:2015
2503:2024
2476:2012
2450:2019
2420:2019
2390:2019
2365:2019
2340:2019
2315:2019
2290:2019
2246:2023
2233:ISBN
2212:2023
2199:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2144:2012
2105:2014
2073:2017
2047:2012
2016:2014
1986:2011
1896:PMID
1888:ISSN
1845:ISBN
1825:pāni
1819:2022
1731:ISBN
1678:2015
1650:2024
1609:2017
1598:ISSN
1573:2007
1539:2015
1472:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1342:2014
1193:КВВК
1107:V.S.
1098:and
1038:and
1030:and
894:Fine
884:and
854:Hine
838:and
727:and
665:must
642:and
587:and
572:and
496:, a
490:neat
443:and
337:and
195:and
169:wine
122:wine
67:Type
4437:Gin
4043:Rum
3920:Ara
3642:Gin
3307:Ara
3302:Ale
3177:Apo
1878:doi
1335:BBC
1210:").
970:PDO
806:in
798:or
780:In
616:or
465:oak
368:in
290:or
254:rum
232:).
4598::
2636:.
2620:.
2524:.
2511:^
2484:^
2436:.
2410:.
2398:^
2381:.
2331:.
2306:.
2276:.
2167:.
2165:57
2089:.
2064:.
1957:^
1902:.
1894:.
1886:.
1874:54
1872:.
1868:.
1821:.
1774:.
1754:.
1725:.
1703:^
1680:.
1667:.
1626:.
1596:.
1592:.
1559:.
1541:.
1528:.
1486:^
1333:.
1295:^
1215:ОС
1201:КС
1185:КВ
1123:XO
1064:it
1053:,
1049:it
1022:it
932:,
880:,
876:,
872:,
868:,
864:,
860:,
856:,
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
784::
759:,
755:,
731:.
560:,
531:.
353:,
333:,
281:A
203:.
148:,
134:,
3911:)
3907:(
2670:e
2663:t
2656:v
2600:.
2578:.
2540:.
2505:.
2478:.
2452:.
2422:.
2392:.
2367:.
2342:.
2317:.
2292:.
2248:.
2214:.
2146:.
2107:.
2075:.
2049:.
2018:.
1988:.
1910:.
1880::
1853:.
1784:.
1758:.
1739:.
1652:.
1630:.
1611:.
1575:.
1480:.
1451:.
1424:.
1397:.
1370:.
1344:.
910:.
842:.
767:.
427:(
38:.
20:)
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