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patroness to structure her daily spiritual life in accordance with the eight canonical hours, Matins to
Compline, observed by all devout members of the Church. The text, augmented by rubrication, gilding, miniatures, and beautiful illuminations, sought to inspire meditation on the mysteries of faith, the sacrifice made by Christ for man, and the horrors of hell, and to especially highlight devotion to the Virgin Mary whose popularity was at a zenith during the 13th century." This arrangement was maintained over the years as many aristocrats commissioned the production of their own books.
980:
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314:, antiphons, and readings which changed with the liturgical season. Eventually a selection of texts was produced in much shorter volumes and came to be called a book of hours. During the latter part of the thirteenth century the Book of Hours became popular as a personal prayer book for men and women who led secular lives. It consisted of a selection of prayers, psalms, hymns and lessons based on the liturgy of the clergy. Each book was unique in its content though all included the Hours of the Virgin Mary, devotions to be made during the eight
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Hours have annotations, marginalia or additions of some sort. Such additions might amount to no more than the insertion of some regional or personal patron saint in the standardized calendar, but they often include devotional material added by the owner. Owners could write in specific dates important to them, notes on the months where things happened that they wished to remember, and even the images found within these books would be personalized to the owners—such as localized saints and local festivities.
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525:. Flyleaves of some surviving books include notes of household accounting or records of births and deaths, in the manner of later family bibles. Some owners had also collected autographs of notable visitors to their house. Books of hours were often the only book in a house, and were commonly used to teach children to read, sometimes having a page with the
413:
and other liturgical aspects for use by the laity. "He incorporated a perpetual calendar, Gospels, prayers to the Virgin Mary, the
Stations of the Cross, prayers to the Holy Spirit, Penitential psalms, litanies, prayers for the dead, and suffrages to the Saints. The book's goal was to help his devout
504:
From the 14th century decorated borders round the edges of at least important pages were common in heavily illuminated books, including books of hours. At the beginning of the 15th century these were still usually based on foliage designs, and painted on a plain background, but by the second half of
343:
Many books of hours were made for women. There is some evidence that they were sometimes given as a wedding present from a husband to his bride. Frequently they were passed down through the family, as recorded in wills. Until about the 15th century paper was rare and most books of hours consisted of
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By the mid-15th century, a much wider group of nobility and rich businesspeople were able to commission highly decorated, often small, books of hours. With the arrival of printing, the market contracted sharply, and by 1500 the finest quality books were once again being produced only for royal or
516:
gave
Richard's book of hours to his mother, who modified it to include her name. Heraldry was usually erased or over-painted by new owners. Many have handwritten annotations, personal additions and marginal notes but some new owners also commissioned new craftsmen to include more illustrations or
373:
explains how these books reflected the person who commissioned them. He claims that the "personal character of these books was often signaled by the inclusion of prayers specially composed or adapted for their owners." Furthermore, he states that "as many as half the surviving manuscript Books of
360:
in about 1240. It is smaller than a modern paperback but heavily illuminated with major initials, but no full-page miniatures. By the 15th century, there are also examples of servants owning their own Books of Hours. In a court case from 1500, a pauper woman is accused of stealing a domestic
377:
By at least the 15th century, the
Netherlands and Paris workshops were producing books of hours for stock or distribution, rather than waiting for individual commissions. These were sometimes with spaces left for the addition of personalized elements such as local feasts or heraldry.
552:
The lavish illusionistic borders of this
Flemish book of hours from the late 1470s are typical of luxury books of this period, which were now often decorated on every page. The butterfly wing cutting into the text area is an example of playing with visual conventions, typical of the
605:
In the 14th century the book of hours overtook the psalter as the most common vehicle for lavish illumination. This partly reflected the increasing dominance of illumination both commissioned and executed by laymen rather than monastic clergy. From the late 14th century a number of
364:
Very rarely the books included prayers specifically composed for their owners, but more often the texts are adapted to their tastes or gender, including the inclusion of their names in prayers. Some include images depicting their owners, and some their
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devotion. Illumination or decoration is minimal in many examples, often restricted to decorated capital letters at the start of psalms and other prayers, but books made for wealthy patrons may be extremely lavish, with full-page
1237:
939:
1589:
Duffy, Eamon (Nov 2006). "A Very
Personal Possession: Eamon Duffy Tells How a Careful Study of Surviving Books of Hours Can Tell Us Much About the Spiritual and Temporal Life of Their Owners and Much More Besides".
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Although the most heavily illuminated books of hours were enormously expensive, a small book with little or no illumination was affordable much more widely, and increasingly so during the 15th century. The
400:
The style and layout for traditional books of hours became increasingly standardized around the middle of the thirteenth century. The new style can be seen in the books produced by the Oxford illuminator
169: – but their contents and purposes could deviate significantly from the simple recitation of the canonical hours. Tens of thousands of books of hours have survived to the present day, in
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497:
and signs of the zodiac decorating the calendar. Secular scenes of calendar cycles include many of the best known images from books of hours, and played an important role in the early history of
1231:
2223:
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Even this level of decoration is richer than those of most books, though less than the lavish amounts of illumination in luxury books, which are the ones most often seen reproduced.
90:) open to an illustration of the 'Adoration of the Magi'. Bequeathed to the Society in 1769 by the Revd Charles Lyttleton, Bishop of Carlisle and President of the Society (1765-8).
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made books more affordable and much of the emerging middle-class could afford to buy a printed book of hours, and new manuscripts were only commissioned by the very wealthy. The
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The book of hours was the favourite prayer-book of lay-people, and enabled them to follow, in private, the church's programme of daily devotion at the seven canonical hours.
979:
1748:
1562:
1004:
1497:
Women's Books of Hours in
Medieval England: Selected Texts Translated from Latin, Anglo-Norman French and Middle English with Introduction and Interpretative Essay
638:
overtook Paris as the leading force in illumination, a position they retained until the terminal decline of the illuminated manuscript in the early 16th century.
1109:
2036:
1135:
777:
236:
2732:
263:, among other optional texts. Such books of hours continue to be used by many Christians today, such as the Catholic “Key of Heaven” prayer books, the
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2199:- An excellent guide containing tables describing all the various uses; also with original Latin texts and high-resolution photographs of many books.
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78:
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369:. These, together with the choice of saints commemorated in the calendar and suffrages, are the main clues for the identity of the first owner.
1191:
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of
Burgundy was the most important collector of manuscripts, with several of his circle also collecting. It was during this period that the
2287:
2152:
707:
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1268:
726:
655:, although left incomplete by them, and decoration continued over several decades by other artists and owners. The same was true of the
45:
123:. Like every manuscript, each manuscript book of hours is unique in one way or another, but most contain a similar collection of texts,
2318:
1033:
2992:
2149:
Ms.Library of
Congress. Rosenwald ms. 10, 1524. 113 leaves (23 lines (calendar 33 lines)), bound: parchment, col. ill.; 24 cm.
455:
As many books of hours are richly illuminated, they form an important record of life in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as the
216:
610:
royal figures began to collect luxury illuminated manuscripts for their decorations, a fashion that spread across Europe from the
2126:
Lavishly illustrated Books of Hours, 12th through 16th centuries, Center for
Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Libraries
1626:
2202:
911:
1547:
In short, the Brotherhood Prayer Book is a fully catholic book of hours refracted through the lens of the Lutheran confessions.
2328:
2323:
2106:
2010:
Manion, Margaret and Vines, Vera. Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts in Australian Collections, 1984. IE9737078
1942:
1894:
1479:
1451:
475:, may include a portrait of the owner, and in this case his wife, kneeling in adoration of the Virgin and Child as a form of
2158:
1283:(c.1405–1408/9): New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters, 54.1.1a, b — miniatures of 'the Limburg Brothers'
1243:
647:
53:, c. 1440, with Catherine kneeling before the Virgin and Child, surrounded by her family heraldry. Opposite is the start of
2475:
1125:
1098:
83:
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2272:
1157:
1070:
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279:
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until "book of hours" was relatively recently applied to them), although there are many entirely or partially written in
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1998:
1984:
1908:
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1054:
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137:
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2239:
1970:
1956:
1928:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1840:
1823:
1809:
1791:
2048:
2277:
1253:
751:
1517:
690:
3012:
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1153:
698:
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627:
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the century coloured or patterned backgrounds with images of all sorts of objects, were used in luxury books.
2130:
1342:
1264:
1163:
672:
17:
1147:
868:
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1310:
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645:(1340–1416) owned several books of hours, some of which survive, including the most celebrated of all, the
50:
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2345:
1325:
268:
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for easy carrying, though few of these or other medieval bindings have survived. Luxury books, like the
2616:
2088:
2044:
1397:
1313:, property of 'Katharina van Kleef' (15th century): New York, Morgan Library, MSS M.917 and M.945
1197:
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393:
385:
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918:
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2140:
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Second-hand books of hours were often modified for new owners, even among royalty. After defeating
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2168:
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into their devotional life. Reciting the hours typically centered upon the reading of a number of
2661:
2178:
1206:(15th century): Uppsala, UUB, MS C517e — a typical representative of books of hours made in Paris
2196:
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of medieval Christianity. Some of them were also decorated with jewelled covers, portraits, and
321:
306:, which monks and nuns were required to recite. By the 12th century this had developed into the
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509:
486:
256:
120:
1338:
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899:
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494:
431:, is a book of hours intended for Arabic-speaking Christians and presumably commissioned by
140:. These illustrations would combine picturesque scenes of country life with sacred images.
2656:
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2497:
2389:
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2282:
2109:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)
1407:
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154:
39:
2062:
8:
2880:
2547:
1500:
1382:
1316:
1222:(commissioned c.1490, completed c.1517–1520): London, British Library, Add. MS 34294
1058:
990:
642:
283:
Example of a more affordable and thus more common book of hours: Excerpt from a "simple"
232:
30:
For the prayers said at certain times of the day in various Christian denominations, see
536:
illustrations, and the book of hours was one of the main works decorated in the related
2502:
1705:
1670:
1392:
1260:
1115:
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purposes. Excerpt from the Book of Hours of Alexandre Petau. Made in the 16th century,
791:
498:
481:
402:
353:
224:
204:
157:
is occasionally considered synonymous with books of hours – a medieval
70:
2169:
Late 15th Century French Book of Hours- De Villers Book of Hours, Digitized Collection
2949:
1994:
1980:
1966:
1952:
1938:
1924:
1904:
1890:
1876:
1862:
1848:
1836:
1819:
1805:
1787:
1728:
1709:
1674:
1475:
1447:
1402:
1249:
1095:(c.1405–1408/1409): Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters Collection, 54.1.1a, b
657:
652:
615:
598:
581:
220:
35:
1200:(1505): Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 294 — simplified for a young princess
2944:
2927:
2912:
2769:
2599:
2485:
2247:
1697:
1662:
768:
556:
288:
228:
1688:
Krek, M. (1979). "The Enigma of the First Arabic Book Printed from Movable Type".
1653:
Webb, M.; Albers, M. J. (2001). "The Design Elements of Medieval Books of Hours".
143:
Books of hours were usually written in Latin (they were largely known by the name
2922:
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2737:
2727:
2648:
2512:
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2409:
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2134:
2101:
2031:
World Digital Library from partner - Library of Congress (Digital Books of Hours)
1521:
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1203:
1086:
1018:
956:
733:
631:
611:
575:
315:
239:. Most 15th-century books of hours have these basic contents. The Marian prayers
208:
181:
31:
2197:
Late Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts - Books of Hours 1400-1530
2119:
1666:
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2819:
2789:
2774:
2717:
2707:
2540:
2313:
2191:
1797:
1287:
1225:
854:
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very grand collectors. One of the last major illuminated book of hours was the
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112:
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880:
737:
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Towards the end of the 15th century, printers produced books of hours with
448:
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284:
212:
132:
1612:
The Book of Hours: With a Historical Survey and Commentary by John Harthan
2874:
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2860:
2847:
2832:
2827:
2589:
2557:
2552:
2525:
2362:
1828:
1209:
607:
464:
456:
370:
193:
116:
108:
2026:
Book of Hours - Harry Ransom Center of the University of Texas at Austin
2005:
The Rohan Book of Hours: With an Introduction and Notes by Jean Porcher.
1328:(1325–1328): New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters, 54.1.2
251:("O undefiled one") were frequently added, as were devotions for use at
2722:
2594:
2572:
2567:
2372:
1993:(translation, Katharine W. Carson). New York: George Braziller, 1973.
1513:
1377:
1320:
150:
119:, and as a result, they are the most common type of surviving medieval
2162:
1861:(translation, Kay Davenport), London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 1986.
1833:
The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400-1580
1802:
The Limbourg Brothers - Nijmegen Masters at the French Court 1400-1416
2749:
1725:
The Golden Age; Manuscript Painting at the Time of Jean, Duc de Berry
986:
946:
443:
345:
185:
2968:
2535:
2470:
2453:
2439:
2350:
1935:
The Gualenghi-d'Este Hours: Art and Devotion in Renaissance Ferrara
1701:
1346:
1178:(1310–1320): London, British Library, Arundel MS 83, pt 1
713:
635:
537:
526:
460:
418:
410:
307:
177:
2030:
1887:
Painted Prayers: The Book of Hours in Medieval and Renaissance Art
1172:(late 14th century): Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 3-1954
2606:
2562:
2490:
2433:
1228:(c.1325–1335): London, British Library, Yates Thompson MS 13
533:
518:
427:(1514), widely considered the first book in Arabic printed using
303:
170:
64:
1816:
Marking the Hours: English People and their Prayers 1240 - 1570.
1775:
Ashley, K.M. (2002) Creating Family Identity in Books of Hours.
1565:[Middle Netherlands Book of hours (lit. 'Tides book')].
1304:(1546): New York, Morgan Library, MS M.69 — illuminated by
521:
hired an illustrator to add details to what is now known as the
287:
book of hours. Made in the 2nd half of the fifteenth century in
2628:
2611:
2520:
2445:
2397:
1363:
816:
619:
357:
264:
260:
124:
54:
38:. For the closely related devotional and educational text, see
1166:(c.1503): Austrian National Library, Codex Vindobon. 1897
2415:
2403:
1319:: New York, Morgan Library, MS H.8 — with miniatures by
1144:(1503–1508): Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS lat. 9474
1062:
563:
197:
189:
128:
27:
Type of Christian devotional book, popular in the Middle Ages
2095:
Blog: PECIA/ Le manuscrit médiéval ~ The medieval manuscript
2421:
1901:
Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life
812:
808:
318:
of the day, the reasoning behind the name 'Book of Hours'.
311:
115:. The use of a book of hours was especially popular in the
2203:
Books of Hours at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries
1240:: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, nouv. acq. lat. 3093
153:
European languages, especially Dutch. The closely related
2155:, Books of Hours at Houghton Library, Harvard University.
2107:
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures
87:
1634:. Sydney: State Library of New South Wales. pp. 8–9
356:
was apparently written for a laywoman living in or near
176:
The typical book of hours is an abbreviated form of the
2094:
1625:
Hirst, Warwick (2003). "The Fine Art of Illumination".
447:
A full-page miniature of May, from a calendar cycle by
679:, who was also the last major manuscript illuminator.
409:). His books included various aspects of the Church's
2192:
A Hypertext Book of Hours; full texts and translation
2064:
Sacred Image and Illusion in Late Flemish Manuscripts
2037:"A Masterpiece Reconstructed: The Hours of Louis XII"
1194:(1375×1385–1390): Paris, Royal Library, MS lat. 18014
1786:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
641:
The most famous collector of all, the French prince
2120:
Full "turn the pages" online individual manuscripts
1628:Heritage Collection, Nelson Meers Foundation, 2003
1534:
1431:. New York: George Braziller. pp. plates 1–2.
479:. In expensive books, miniature cycles showed the
1246:(c.1411–1416): Chantilly, Musée Condé, MS 65
1234:: Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium, 11060–11061
1116:Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS lat. 10536
302:The book of hours has its ultimate origin in the
2984:
1238:Très belles heures de Notre-Dame du Duc de Berry
1646:
1160:, Banco Rari 397 and Landau-Finaly 22
661:, which also passed through Berry's ownership.
1655:Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
417:By the end of the 15th century, the advent of
173:and private collections throughout the world.
2224:
1777:Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies,
1605:
1603:
1601:
1281:Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry
1093:Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry
1053:Example of a French-Latin book of hours. The
2141:Book of Hours, Use of Rome (the 'Golf Book')
1751:[Book of hours of Alexandre Petau].
1594:. Vol. 56, no. 11. pp. 12(7).
1537:. Evangelisch-Lutherische Gebetsbruderschaft
1494:
1110:Milan, Biblioteca Trivulziana, Cod. 470
82:An early 15th-century French book of hours (
1975:Meiss, Millard, and Elizabeth H. Beatson.
1584:
1582:
1435:
543:
246:
240:
144:
2231:
2217:
2113:CHD Center for HĂĄndskriftstudier i Danmark
1949:The Spitz Master: A Parisian Book of Hours
1923:(facsimile edition). Harvey Miller, 1995.
1716:
1652:
1598:
215:, the Mass readings for major feasts, the
131:, often with appropriate decorations, for
34:. For the book by Rainer Maria Rilke, see
2319:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
2080:541 examples from the Digital Scriptorium
1951:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2003.
1937:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2000.
1618:
1499:. Library of Medieval Women. Woodbridge:
405:who ran a commercial workshop (he was in
310:, with weekly cycles of psalms, prayers,
1977:The Belles Heures of Jean, Duke of Berry
1818:New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
1579:
1535:"Lutheran Liturgical Prayer Brotherhood"
1463:
1441:
1138:: Bristol University Special Collections
1048:
547:
442:
380:
320:
293:
278:
217:Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary
77:
44:
2159:Book of Hours, of Premonstratensian Use
2067:, Robert G. Calkins, Cornell University
1914:
1609:
1426:
1274:
14:
2985:
2700:
2019:
1722:
1420:
192:who wished to incorporate elements of
68:, as the start of a long cycle of the
2329:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
2324:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
2212:
1961:Meiss, Millard, and Edith W. Kirsch.
1875:, Les Editions du Cerf, Paris, 1994.
1741:
1624:
1588:
1474:. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
1469:
1150:(1450s) — sheets in several libraries
973:. St. Peter, holding a key and a book
933:Printed Bulgarian book of hours, 1566
489:in eight scenes decorating the eight
203:A typical book of hours contains the
2476:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
2205:- fully digitized with descriptions.
2165:Memorial University of Newfoundland.
2076:with a varied selection of examples.
1989:Meiss, Millard, and Marcel Thomas.
1979:. New York: George Braziller, 1974.
1965:. New York: George Braziller, 1972.
1903:, New York: George Braziller, 1988.
1889:, New York: George Braziller, 2004.
1859:Book Illumination in the Middle Ages
1784:Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages
1687:
1681:
1557:
1555:
1126:Book of Hours of Frederick of Aragon
1099:Black Hours of Galeazzo Maria Sforza
1044:
766:Book of Hours, British Library, the
754:, portrait of the owner and his wife
651:. This was begun around 1410 by the
1286:Black Hours (1460–1475): New York,
1267:' (1240): London, British Library,
1071:Category:Illuminated books of hours
473:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
24:
1769:
1749:"Getijdenboek van Alexandre Petau"
1374:Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)
1349:, owned by Australian businessman
1244:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
1232:Très belles heures du Duc de Berry
1142:Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany
1015:Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany
732:Book of Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux:
648:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
597:. The Latin text is a devotion to
354:earliest surviving English example
25:
3024:
2014:
1991:The Rohan Master: A Book of Hours
1552:
1341:(c.1500–1520): on display at the
2967:
2007:New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959.
1442:Pearsall, Derek (11 June 2014).
1429:The Hours of Catherine of Cleves
1025:
1003:
978:
963:
938:
926:
910:
887:
861:
843:
827:
800:
776:
759:
752:Book of hours of Simone de Varie
744:
725:
706:
689:
88:Society of Antiquaries of London
2993:Types of illuminated manuscript
2163:the Digital Archives Initiative
1690:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1563:"Middelnederlands getijdenboek"
1332:
1298:, codices copied on black pages
1156:(late 14th century): Florence,
1154:Hours of Gian Galeazzo Visconti
348:sheets made from animal skins.
2147:Catholic Church. Book of hours
1527:
1507:
1495:Scott-Stokes, Charity (2006).
1488:
1192:Petites Heures du Duc de Berry
1114:Book of Hours (15th century):
1108:Book of Hours (15th century):
819:, from the collections of the
624:Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
517:texts. Sir Thomas Lewkenor of
392:, Folios 18v/19r, c. 1475–80.
111:, which were used to pray the
13:
1:
1921:The Hours of Mary of Burgundy
1413:
1343:National Library of Australia
1164:Hours of James IV of Scotland
996:Heures de Charles d'AngoulĂŞme
463:emblems. Some were bound as
438:
326:
2583:Divine Worship: Daily Office
2185:
1846:The Oxford Dictionary of Art
1311:Hours of Catherine of Cleves
1076:
718:Hours of Catherine of Cleves
591:, the top left butterfly is
325:van Reynegom Book of Hours,
51:Hours of Catherine of Cleves
7:
2143:, c.1540, BL, Add MS 24098.
2115:, founded by Erik Drigsdahl
2089:Morgan Library & Museum
1667:10.2190/1BLL-2DA9-D52X-TU4J
1357:
1105:, Codex Vindobon. 1856
673:Cardinal Alessandro Farnese
630:. A generation later, Duke
394:Morgan Library & Museum
269:The Brotherhood Prayer Book
10:
3029:
2998:Illuminated books of hours
2974:Catholic Church portal
2617:Divine Worship: The Missal
2087:, Les Enluminures and the
2045:Victoria and Albert Museum
1520:December 24, 2008, at the
1446:. Routledge. p. 158.
1398:Hours of John the Fearless
1254:City Museum of Ancient Art
1198:Primer of Claude of France
1184:(1390–1400): Aberystwyth,
1148:Hours of Étienne Chevalier
1038:National Library of Poland
821:National Library of Israel
682:
555:(Among the plants are the
386:Black Hours, Morgan MS 493
274:
267:of Coptic Christianity or
29:
3008:Christian literary genres
2964:
2893:
2807:
2760:
2683:
2672:
2647:
2511:
2464:Other liturgical services
2463:
2383:
2306:
2258:
2175:Book of Hours, circa 1430
2073:Explaining Books of Hours
1186:National Library of Wales
1103:Austrian National Library
614:courts of France and the
585:. The lower butterfly is
255:, and meditations on the
2412:(first hour of daylight)
2171:: Utah State University.
1516:, Danish Royal Library.
1326:Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux
1182:Llanbeblig Book of Hours
1176:Howard Psalter and Hours
1170:Hours of Philip the Bold
1122:manuscripts still extant
671:completed for the Roman
544:The luxury book of hours
338:King Baudouin Foundation
334:Royal Library of Belgium
2662:Liturgical use of Latin
2179:University of Edinburgh
1873:Les Heures de Nuremberg
1804:. Ghent: Ludion, 2005.
1727:. Chatto & Windus.
1723:Thomas, Marcel (1979).
1472:Books: A Living History
1444:Gothic Europe 1200-1450
1265:The Dyson Perrins Hours
1118:— one of the few early
1101:(c.1466–1477): Vienna,
1085:(c.1410–1430): London,
1036:from the collection of
1013:with a dragon in the
245:("I beseech thee") and
188:. It was developed for
3013:Christian prayer books
2442:(Anglican Use Vespers)
2085:Book of Hours Tutorial
1610:Harthan, John (1977).
1470:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
1427:Plummer, John (1966).
1263:', formerly known as '
1214:Bibliothèque nationale
1130:Bibliothèque nationale
1066:
834:Les Très Riches Heures
602:
452:
397:
361:servant's prayerbook.
340:
299:
291:
247:
241:
145:
121:illuminated manuscript
102:
91:
75:
2513:Liturgical literature
2448:(West Syriac Vespers)
2307:Eucharistic liturgies
2288:Anointing of the Sick
1339:Rothschild Prayerbook
1052:
1034:miniature prayer book
905:by the Queen of Sheba
900:Adoration of the Magi
551:
495:Labours of the Months
451:, early 16th century.
446:
384:
324:
297:
282:
180:, which contains the
161:was referred to as a
81:
61:, illustrated by the
48:
2657:Ecclesiastical Latin
2578:Liturgy of the Hours
2498:Liturgy of the Hours
2368:Pontifical High Mass
1915:For individual works
1614:. New York: Crowell.
1501:Boydell & Brewer
1408:Liturgy of the Hours
1369:Black books of hours
1275:In the United States
1261:The De Brailes Hours
1188:, NLW MS 17520A
1158:Biblioteca Nazionale
1136:Cobden Book of Hours
1132:, MS Lat. 10532
1128:(1501–1502): Paris,
1089:, Add. MS 18850
424:Kitab salat al-sawai
211:, extracts from the
200:and other prayers.
40:Primer (prayer book)
2881:Pre-Tridentine Mass
2649:Liturgical language
2020:General information
1782:Calkins, Robert G.
1383:Grey-FitzPayn Hours
1317:Hours of Henry VIII
1216:, MS lat. 9471
1032:French thumb-sized
643:John, Duke of Berry
491:Hours of the Virgin
330: 15th century
233:Office for the Dead
2733:Extraordinary Form
2100:2011-04-09 at the
2041:Prints & Books
1963:The Visconti Hours
1947:Clark, Gregory T.
1871:Simmons, Eleanor.
1796:DĂĽckers, Rob, and
1393:Hours of Charles V
1292:Morgan MS 493
1269:Add. MS 49999
1073:for a fuller list
1067:
903:and Solomon Adored
792:Life of the Virgin
603:
499:landscape painting
482:Life of the Virgin
453:
403:William de Brailes
398:
341:
300:
292:
237:Hours of the Cross
225:Penitential Psalms
92:
76:
71:Life of the Virgin
2980:
2979:
2960:
2959:
2889:
2888:
2803:
2802:
2436:(sunset/evening)
1943:978-0-89236-370-4
1895:978-0-8076-1457-0
1481:978-1-60606-083-4
1453:978-1-317-88952-6
1403:Hours of Peter II
1256:, MS Inv. 47
1250:Turin-Milan Hours
1045:Selected examples
985:The beginning of
871:Étienne Chevalier
838:A Funeral Service
658:Turin-Milan Hours
653:Limbourg brothers
599:Saint Christopher
582:Chelidonium majus
487:Passion of Christ
221:Psalms of Degrees
49:Opening from the
36:The Book of Hours
16:(Redirected from
3020:
2972:
2971:
2945:East Syriac Rite
2913:Alexandrian Rite
2902:Eastern Catholic
2895:Eastern Catholic
2770:Benedictine Rite
2758:
2757:
2698:
2697:
2692:liturgical rites
2681:
2680:
2600:Roman Pontifical
2456:(end of the day)
2390:Liturgical hours
2233:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2153:Picturing Prayer
2131:The Sforza Hours
2059:
2057:
2056:
2047:. Archived from
1899:Wieck, Roger S.
1885:Wieck, Roger S.
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1294:— an example of
1212:(1430s): Paris,
1029:
1007:
982:
971:Llanbeblig Hours
967:
942:
930:
914:
891:
869:Book of Hours of
865:
847:
831:
804:
795:in the same book
783:Scenes from the
780:
769:Arrest of Christ
763:
748:
729:
710:
693:
529:to assist this.
331:
328:
271:of Lutheranism.
250:
244:
229:Litany of Saints
148:
107:) are Christian
63:Annunciation to
21:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3003:Canonical hours
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2923:Antiochene Rite
2903:
2899:
2896:
2885:
2875:Missa Venatoria
2799:
2795:Norbertine Rite
2785:Cistercian Rite
2780:Carthusian Rite
2756:
2738:Tridentine Mass
2728:Mass of Paul VI
2691:
2687:
2675:
2668:
2643:
2507:
2459:
2406:(early morning)
2388:
2385:Canonical hours
2379:
2302:
2254:
2252:Catholic Church
2237:
2188:
2135:British Library
2122:
2102:Wayback Machine
2054:
2052:
2035:
2022:
2017:
2003:Porcher, Jean.
1933:Barstow, Kurt.
1917:
1772:
1770:Further reading
1767:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1721:
1717:
1686:
1682:
1661:(4): 353–361 .
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1599:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1522:Wayback Machine
1512:
1508:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1440:
1436:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1388:Hours of Angers
1360:
1335:
1277:
1204:Ravenelle Hours
1087:British Library
1079:
1047:
1040:
1030:
1021:
1019:Jean Bourdichon
1008:
999:
983:
974:
968:
959:
957:British Library
950:
943:
934:
931:
922:
915:
906:
904:
902:
898:
892:
883:
879:
874:
870:
866:
857:
853:; building the
848:
839:
837:
836:du duc de Berry
835:
832:
823:
807:Book of Hours,
805:
796:
781:
772:
764:
755:
749:
740:
734:Arrest of Jesus
730:
721:
711:
702:
694:
685:
632:Philip the Good
576:Bellis perennis
554:
546:
441:
329:
316:canonical hours
277:
113:canonical hours
43:
32:Canonical hours
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2940:Byzantine Rite
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2820:Aquileian Rite
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2790:Dominican Rite
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Carmelite Rite
2772:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2718:Mozarabic Rite
2715:
2710:
2708:Ambrosian Rite
2704:
2702:
2695:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:Roman Breviary
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2394:
2392:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2314:Divine Liturgy
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2060:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:External links
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1999:978-0807613580
1987:
1985:978-0807607503
1973:
1959:
1945:
1931:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1909:978-0807614983
1897:
1883:
1869:
1855:
1843:
1826:
1814:Duffy, Eamon.
1812:
1798:Pieter Roelofs
1794:
1780:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1740:
1733:
1715:
1702:10.1086/372742
1696:(3): 203–212.
1680:
1645:
1617:
1597:
1578:
1551:
1526:
1506:
1487:
1480:
1462:
1452:
1434:
1418:
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1415:
1412:
1411:
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1371:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1288:Morgan Library
1284:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1226:Taymouth Hours
1223:
1217:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1078:
1075:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1002:
1000:
984:
977:
975:
969:
962:
960:
944:
937:
935:
932:
925:
923:
916:
909:
907:
893:
886:
884:
867:
860:
858:
855:Tower of Babel
849:
842:
840:
833:
826:
824:
806:
799:
797:
786:Life of Christ
782:
775:
773:
765:
758:
756:
750:
743:
741:
731:
724:
722:
720:for June 1–15.
716:page from the
712:
705:
703:
699:Visconti Hours
695:
688:
684:
681:
636:Flemish cities
588:Aglais urticae
570:Viola tricolor
545:
542:
523:Lewkenor Hours
477:donor portrait
440:
437:
433:Pope Julius II
276:
273:
219:, the fifteen
167:Middle English
95:Books of hours
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3025:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Armenian Rite
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2861:Missa Nautica
2858:
2856:
2855:Gallican Rite
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Rite of Braga
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Book of hours
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:Missa Cantata
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:on 2011-02-02
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:9780807613597
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:9780892367122
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:1-872501-87-7
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:2-204-04841-0
1878:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:0-19-921060-8
1864:
1860:
1857:Pächt, Otto.
1856:
1854:
1853:0-19-280022-1
1850:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:0-300-06076-9
1838:
1835:(Yale, 1992)
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:0-300-11714-0
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:9789055445776
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:9780801415067
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1707:
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2815:African Rite
2745:Anglican Use
2685:Latin Church
2639:Sacramentary
2634:Roman Ritual
2622:Roman Missal
2530:
2430:(ninth hour)
2418:(third hour)
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2341:Holy Qurbono
2336:Holy Qurbana
2273:Confirmation
2072:
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2049:the original
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1776:
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1753:lib.ugent.be
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1351:Kerry Stokes
1333:In Australia
1220:Sforza Hours
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1011:Saint Lifard
994:
953:Simon Bening
881:Jean Fouquet
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465:girdle books
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449:Simon Bening
422:
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407:minor orders
399:
389:
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285:Middle Dutch
248:O Intemerata
223:, the seven
213:Four Gospels
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109:prayer books
103:
94:
93:
69:
62:
2928:West Syriac
2868:Missa sicca
2833:Durham Rite
2828:Celtic Rite
2590:Martyrology
2558:Gospel Book
2553:Euchologion
2526:Antiphonary
2400:(nighttime)
2363:Solemn Mass
2293:Holy Orders
2091:, MS M.1093
1296:Black Hours
1210:Rohan Hours
993:letters in
991:historiated
675:in 1546 by
608:bibliophile
540:technique.
510:Richard III
457:iconography
371:Eamon Duffy
194:monasticism
186:monasteries
184:recited in
117:Middle Ages
2987:Categories
2723:Roman Rite
2674:Liturgical
2595:Pontifical
2573:Lectionary
2568:Horologion
2503:Procession
2373:Papal Mass
2260:Sacraments
2240:Sacraments
2071:AbeBooks,
2055:2009-11-28
1758:2020-08-27
1734:0701124725
1572:2020-08-27
1414:References
1378:Horologion
1321:Jean Poyer
1059:didactical
1055:miniatures
919:Visitation
876:Deposition
628:Wenceslaus
626:and later
493:, and the
439:Decoration
396:, New York
242:Obsecro te
190:lay people
151:vernacular
138:miniatures
2933:Malankara
2843:Sarum Use
2750:Zaire Use
2548:Customary
2298:Matrimony
2278:Eucharist
2248:liturgies
2186:The texts
1710:162374182
1675:108454672
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987:Ave Maria
947:Golf book
921:, 1440–45
514:Henry VII
390:Pentecost
346:parchment
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133:Christian
2897:Churches
2848:York Use
2824:British
2536:Breviary
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2471:Asperges
2454:Compline
2440:Evensong
2351:Low Mass
2098:Archived
1541:16 April
1518:Archived
1358:See also
1347:Canberra
714:Calendar
616:Burgundy
558:Veronica
538:metalcut
527:alphabet
461:heraldic
419:printing
411:breviary
308:breviary
289:Brabant.
235:and the
205:Calendar
178:breviary
2950:Malabar
2904:liturgy
2808:Defunct
2701:Current
2607:Psalter
2563:Gradual
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2486:Funeral
2434:Vespers
2283:Penance
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683:Gallery
553:period.
534:woodcut
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485:or the
304:Psalter
275:History
257:Passion
125:prayers
65:Joachim
57:in the
2762:Orders
2629:Tonary
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2521:Agpeya
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