389:
sectarians, and a consistent struggle was conducted for the liberation of the working masses from religious durman. With no less merciless ridicule were the shortcomings in local anti-religious work, the tolerance of individual party and Soviet workers for clericalism, sectarianism, sorcery, prejudice and ignorance of part of the people, and especially the peasantry. Regularly published works in which the counter-revolutionary, reactionary role of the church was revealed, its connection with the exploiting classes, with capital.
27:
381:. The publication of a special satirical supplement contributed to an even greater increase in the popularity of the newspaper among the masses, and led to a rapid increase in circulation. Within two months, the circulation of the newspaper and its satirical supplement grew from 34 to 210 thousand copies.
356:
as a special satirical section of the newspaper. The section occupied the upper halves of all four bands, had a clichΓ©d headline, filled with sharp and topical feuilleton, fables, satirical poems and cartoons on anti-religious themes. Beginning
February 10, 1924, with 5 (58) issues of the newspaper
275:
Membership in the League of the
Militant Godless Ones, which had expanded during the Cultural Revolution to approximately 5 million plummeted to a few hundred thousand, bringing down the circulation of its newspaper in commensurate fashion. The newspaper's circulation fell rapidly beginning in 1932
220:
who lived off the work of the peasants. It reported about priests it said had admitted deceiving peasants and priests it said had renounced their profession. For instance, it ran a story about a certain Sergei
Tomilin, who claimed 150 kilograms (3 cwt) of wheat and 21 metres (23 yards) of linen for
310:
A decline followed from this early peak, with the press run of the publication tailing off to 114,000 in
October 1925 and attenuating further to 90,000 in the fall of 1926. This decline seems to have continued in subsequent months and the official press run was no longer publicized in the paper's
388:
was due primarily to the fighting nature of anti-religious propaganda. Its popularity was greatly facilitated by the fact that the editorial staff skillfully used the various means of satire and humor. The pages of the magazine exposed the machinations of priests and churchmen, the fanaticism of
267:
was halted and a less extreme approach towards religion and other aspects of Soviet life was initiated by the regime. Destabilizing campaigns in the economy, education, and social relations were halted and a move made towards the restoration of traditional values.
318:
was again the beneficiary of state promotion, with the circulation escalating to 400,000 in 1930. With the move towards stabilization, the fall in circulation beginning in 1932 proved just as precipitous, with the publication being terminated in 1935.
409:
397:
424:
is only released on April 27, and the next on June 1. These issues no longer had serial numbers, although they were drawn up and printed, as before, on a single newspaper page. After the June issue, the publication of the
412:
was in charge of the art department, whose drawings and cartoons were particularly sharp and inventive. Such permanent satirical sections and headings of the magazine as "Pitchfork to the flank", "Crocodile's Tooth",
373:
acquired the character of an independent satirical publication that had a permanent clichΓ©d heading, serial number, date of its publication, page numbering, its permanent departments and headings, etc.
564:
A History of Soviet
Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 62.
303:
launched on 21 December 1922. During its first year of publication the paper's press run stood at 15,000 copies per issue. The paper grew during the early years of the
806:
761:
221:
each marriage he conducted, performing over 30 marriages in just a few weeks and thus receiving the wage a schoolteacher would have earned in 10 years.
146:
Initially, the publication ridiculed all religious belief as being a sign of ignorance and superstition, while stating that religion was dying in the
831:
796:
786:
776:
465:
698:
826:
816:
480:
475:
338:; "Godless crocodile") is a satirical magazine. It was published in Moscow from 1924β1925 as a free satirical supplement to the newspaper
811:
420:
Since April 1924, the magazine is planned as a two-weekly. However, such a frequency is not maintained by the editors. The next issue of
119:. Its first issue was published in December 1922, with a print run of 15,000, but its circulation reached as much as 200,000 in 1932.
771:
150:
Soviet Union, with reports of closing churches, unemployed priests and ignored religious holidays. Starting in the mid-1920s, the
801:
264:
766:
756:
272:
began to move away from its original subject, anti-religion and atheism, and began publishing more general political subjects.
699:"ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ. Β«Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ 1917-1963Β» | Π‘ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ»ΡΠΈΡ | ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠ½Π½Π° ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°"
365:
is printed on a separate newspaper sheet, which is specially made up so that it can be folded into a notebook. The editors of
510:
311:
pages from
October 1926 through the first part of 1928, with a circulation of about 60,000 indicated by archival evidence.
791:
563:
263:
In 1932, with the Soviet economy faltering from economic dislocation associated with the first five-year plan, the
377:
The next 8 issues (No. 2β9) are published weekly starting
February 10, along with regular issues of the newspaper
228:
as encouraging excessive drinking, because of the requirement of drinking four glasses of wine, while the
Prophet
821:
151:
781:
460:
186:
470:
104:
217:
116:
154:
saw religion as an economic threat to the peasantry, whom, it said, were being oppressed by the clergy.
369:
invited their readers to cut out this sheet, fold it accordingly and stitch it together. In this form,
247:
and got a set of back numbers. He was shocked by its content, not only by what he called "boundless
128:(ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°; "The Godless One at the Workbench"). From 1928 to 1932 a magazine for peasants
134:(ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ; "The Rural Godless One") was published. In 1928, one issue of the magazine
138:(ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ; "The Godless One for the Cultural Revolution") was published.
450:
130:
500:
574:
444:
210:
178:
417:", "Readers Page", were based, as a rule, on the materials of workers rural correspondents.
559:
343:
284:
8:
352:
appeared for the first time on
January 13, 1924 on the pages No. 2 (55) of the newspaper
304:
124:
455:
506:
401:
331:
307:, hitting the 100,000 mark in the summer of 1924 and topping 200,000 a year later.
255:
was a rogue and a scoundrel. Bulgakov said that this was "a crime beyond measure".
240:
96:
72:
438:
198:
182:
26:
750:
147:
651:
Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and
Alliance Politics, 1941-1945.
393:
288:
280:
252:
158:
112:
174:
713:
578:
548:
Soviet and Kosher: Jewish Popular Culture in the Soviet Union,1923-1939.
279:
The League of the Militant Godless Ones was closed down in 1941, during
233:
54:
727:"Godless Communists": Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia, 1917-1932.
664:"Godless Communists": Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia, 1917-1932.
741:
Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Ones.
596:
Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Ones.
248:
205:, while claiming that such actions had sparked similar atrocities in
44:
225:
653:
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003; pg. 80.
206:
162:
108:
229:
202:
170:
666:
DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000; pg. 60.
414:
166:
550:
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006, p. 150-155.
185:). The rabbis were accused of promoting hostility between
734:
Reflective Laughter: Aspects of Humour in Russian Culture
714:ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ / ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ / Π’. 4, Π‘. 444-445
190:
122:
Between 1923 and 1931, there was also a magazine called
598:
Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998; pp. 75-76.
729:
DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000.
314:
With the coming of the Cultural Revolution in 1929,
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224:The magazine criticized the Jewish holiday of
466:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
680:
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676:
674:
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632:
630:
628:
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807:Anti-religious campaign in the Soviet Union
743:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.
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16:Soviet anti-religious newspaper (1922β1941)
762:1941 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
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258:
25:
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656:
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590:
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832:Anti-Islam sentiment in the Soviet Union
481:USSR anti-religious campaign (1928β1941)
476:USSR anti-religious campaign (1921β1928)
251:", but also by its claims, such as that
797:Satirical magazines published in Russia
787:Magazines published in the Soviet Union
392:The editors involved such satirists as
276:and was terminated completely in 1935.
201:'s pay had helped organize anti-Jewish
749:
583:
429:is discontinued for more than a year.
322:
136:Bezbozhnik za kul'turnuyu revolyutsiyu
777:Monthly magazines published in Russia
827:Religious persecution by communists
817:Propaganda newspapers and magazines
499:Salvatore Attardo (18 March 2014).
13:
812:Anti-Christian sentiment in Russia
719:
505:. SAGE Publications. p. 472.
14:
843:
772:Magazines disestablished in 1941
243:once visited the offices of the
197:alleged that some rabbis in the
691:
643:
216:Priests were attacked as being
802:Propaganda in the Soviet Union
610:
601:
579:Β«ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΒ» / Π’. 4, Π‘. 444-445
568:
553:
526:
294:
1:
767:Magazines established in 1922
757:1922 establishments in Russia
502:Encyclopedia of Humor Studies
486:
461:Council for Religious Affairs
404:and others to collaborate in
115:between 1922 and 1941 by the
471:Religion in the Soviet Union
342:. The responsible editor is
285:invasion of the Soviet Union
236:who got "drunk as a swine".
103:; "The Godless One") was an
7:
432:
384:The wide popularity of the
117:League of Militant Atheists
111:newspaper published in the
10:
848:
792:Russian-language magazines
173:of collaborating with the
141:
335:
100:
78:
68:
60:
50:
39:
24:
232:was accused of being an
560:Dimitry V. Pospielovsky
259:Decline and termination
179:counter-revolutionaries
31:22 April 1923 issue of
822:Persecution of Muslims
649:Steven Merritt Miner,
451:Voinstvuiuschii ateizm
157:Its main targets were
131:Derevenskiy Bezbozhnik
20:Bezbozhnik (ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ)
736:, Anthem Press, 2004.
686:"Godless Communists,"
638:"Godless Communists,"
618:"Godless Communists,"
575:Orthodox Encyclopedia
445:Revolution and Church
213:and other countries.
782:Atheism publications
725:William B. Husband,
662:William B. Husband,
607:Milne (2004), p. 128
532:Milne (2004), p. 209
344:Yemelyan Yaroslavsky
427:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
422:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
406:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
386:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
371:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
363:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
350:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
328:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
323:Bezbozhnyy Krokodil
305:New Economic Policy
265:Cultural Revolution
125:Bezbozhnik u Stanka
21:
456:Atheist (magazine)
336:ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»
199:tsarist government
148:officially atheist
80:Ceased publication
19:
546:Anna Shternshis,
512:978-1-4833-4617-5
152:Soviet government
88:
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64:December 21, 1922
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183:White movement
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105:anti-religious
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410:M. Cheremnykh
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402:S. Gorodetsky
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516:. Retrieved
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394:Demyan Bedny
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289:Nazi Germany
281:World War II
278:
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253:Jesus Christ
244:
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211:South Africa
194:
159:Christianity
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113:Soviet Union
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518:22 November
295:Circulation
175:bourgeoisie
165:, accusing
751:Categories
703:litresp.ru
487:References
379:Bezbozhnik
367:Bezbozhnik
359:Bezbozhnik
354:Bezbozhnik
340:Bezbozhnik
316:Bezbozhnik
301:Bezbozhnik
270:Bezbozhnik
245:Bezbozhnik
195:Bezbozhnik
177:and other
92:Bezbozhnik
55:Broadsheet
33:Bezbozhnik
684:Husband,
636:Husband,
616:Husband,
398:A. Zorich
249:blasphemy
234:alcoholic
218:parasites
109:atheistic
101:ΠΠ΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ
45:newspaper
640:pg. 160.
620:pg. 159.
433:See also
283:and the
226:Passover
191:Gentiles
69:Language
688:pg. 61.
332:Russian
239:Writer
207:England
203:pogroms
171:priests
163:Judaism
142:History
97:Russian
73:Russian
61:Founded
509:
230:Elijah
167:rabbis
51:Format
43:Daily
415:Rayok
181:(see
520:2014
507:ISBN
189:and
187:Jews
169:and
161:and
107:and
40:Type
287:by
753::
701:.
671:^
625:^
585:^
577:/
562:.
537:^
408:.
400:,
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361:,
346:.
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291:.
209:,
193:.
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522:.
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330:(
95:(
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