898:
692:
937:
1732:
910:
925:
44:
886:
874:
862:
2315:
2111:
2018:
1883:
495:
510:
1526:
461:
2304:
825:, it is stated: "As an ingredient, sea cucumbers have little to no taste, are full of sand, and are fishy in smell. For these reasons, it is also the most difficult ingredient to prepare well."(æ”·ćïŒçĄćłäčç©ïŒæČć€æ°Łè
„ïŒæéŁèšć„œă) Much of the preparation of sea cucumber goes into cleaning and boiling it, then stewing it in meat broths and extracts to infuse each sea cucumber with flavour.
758:. The biggest re-exporters in the trade are Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Of the 650 species of sea cucumbers, just 10 species have commercial value. In 2013, the Chinese government cracked down on the purchasing of sea cucumbers by officials as their expensive price tag could be seen as a sign of opulence.
1441:
1080:
RAMOFAFIA C.; BYRNE M.; BATTAGLENE S. C (2003). "Development of three commercial sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva and
Actinopyga mauritiana: larval structure and growth".
484:. They are dried for preservation, and must be rehydrated by boiling and soaking in water for several days. They are mainly used as an ingredient in Chinese cuisine soups or stews.
1476:
654:
2181:
1534:
813:
Both a fresh form and a dried form are used for cooking, though its preparation is complex due to its taste being entirely "tasteless and bland". In the
669:
417:. Several dishes are made with sea cucumber, and in most dishes, it has a slippery texture. Common ingredients that go with sea cucumber dishes include
318:. They can be used as food, in fresh or dried form, in various cuisines. In some cultural contexts the sea cucumber is thought to have medicinal value.
1549:
1564:
667:
In the far north of
Queensland, Australia, sea cucumber are harvested from the Great Barrier Reef and the Coral Sea. Targeted species include
683:(sand fish). Divers are supplied air via hose or "hookah" from the surface and collect their catch by hand, diving to depths of up to 40 m.
936:
2352:
1554:
1282:
1223:
1178:
1136:
617:
Western
Australia has sea cucumber fisheries from Exmouth to the border of the Northern Territory; almost all of the catch is sandfish (
1157:
1115:
909:
897:
1261:
751:
60 million. The dried form accounts for 95% of the sea cucumber traded annually in China, Singapore, Malaysia, Korea, and Japan.
1505:
1463:
1049:
1601:
1385:
1337:"The view from Marege': Australian knowledge of Makassar and the impact of the trepangindustry across two centuries"
1397:
2701:
2345:
721:
3066:
1569:
274:
56:
3056:
2435:
729:
472:
Sea cucumbers destined for food are traditionally harvested by hand from small watercraft, a process called "
75:
1731:
1442:"SHE SELLS SEA SHELLS â BUT ARE THEY KOSHER? THE KASHRUS STATUS OF GLUCOSAMINE AND OTHER ARTHRITIS REMEDIES"
696:
17:
1753:
3041:
2135:
1813:
1417:
989:"Royal cucumber (Stichopus regalis) in the northwestern Mediterranean: Distribution pattern and fishery"
924:
3051:
3046:
3010:
2338:
964:
578:
502:
840:
as it stiffens and squirts its own entrails at the aggressor. It is also considered a restorative for
3036:
2268:
2253:
2150:
2021:
1876:
1818:
1798:
1304:
487:
Many commercially important species of sea cucumber are harvested and dried for export for use in
3061:
2774:
2114:
2054:
885:
861:
873:
3071:
3031:
2709:
2390:
2039:
1839:
1539:
725:
570:
2647:
1871:
1594:
1199:
610:
586:
562:
542:
527:
288:
1243:
2980:
2962:
2410:
2405:
2395:
2171:
1000:
748:
691:
534:
1036:
Alessandro
Lovatelli, C. Conand, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
8:
2881:
2856:
2790:
2622:
2495:
2480:
2475:
2420:
2385:
2380:
2222:
2207:
2176:
2155:
2059:
2049:
2044:
675:
642:
477:
353:
330:
218:
1004:
2906:
2450:
2288:
2258:
2197:
1360:
1341:
636:
554:
191:
2995:
2795:
2739:
2690:
2670:
2485:
2460:
2455:
2440:
2361:
2243:
2202:
1966:
1834:
1626:
1501:
1459:
1381:
1097:
1062:
1045:
1016:
619:
519:
491:
as æ”·ć (pinyin: hÇishÄn). Some of the more commonly found species in markets include:
389:
377:
369:
361:
794:
It is also considered a delicacy in the northwestern
Mediterranean, particularly in
3000:
2990:
2957:
2821:
2729:
2587:
2572:
2567:
2319:
2263:
1886:
1768:
1686:
1676:
1587:
1350:
1089:
1008:
988:
943:
648:
602:
385:
341:
139:
1012:
3005:
2985:
2660:
2248:
2212:
2140:
1986:
1896:
1851:
1671:
1646:
1495:
795:
755:
660:
488:
436:
326:
2876:
2719:
2612:
2607:
2490:
2445:
2283:
2273:
2145:
2099:
2074:
2031:
1931:
1861:
1808:
1778:
1773:
1681:
1631:
852:
814:
410:
393:
3025:
2866:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2602:
2430:
2415:
2227:
2064:
1921:
1866:
1748:
1701:
1101:
1020:
315:
43:
2714:
2532:
2470:
2217:
2094:
1991:
1981:
1711:
1666:
1661:
1636:
1618:
1355:
1336:
818:
741:
418:
311:
181:
146:
98:
1758:
2967:
2759:
2675:
2617:
2582:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2308:
1996:
1976:
1936:
1916:
1803:
1783:
1706:
1656:
1651:
837:
829:
733:
443:
1696:
1364:
855:, sea cucumber has become an increasingly popular replacement in China.
2911:
2891:
2734:
2592:
2557:
2089:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1926:
1911:
1844:
1793:
1788:
1691:
841:
822:
473:
455:
85:
82:
66:
63:
2921:
2901:
2851:
2841:
2816:
2597:
2130:
2084:
2001:
1941:
1763:
1740:
1721:
1456:
Decadent Meals and
Desserts: How to Conjure Up Love with Aprhodisaics
1380:
Huang, Yao-Wen. Liu KeShun. Wang, Catharina Yung-Kang. Ang. (1999).
845:
509:
494:
406:
160:
2330:
1093:
2916:
2886:
2871:
2846:
2800:
2769:
2744:
2655:
2637:
2562:
2547:
2079:
1971:
1946:
1641:
1079:
779:
769:
717:
700:
432:
414:
167:
108:
1525:
783:). The dried ovary of sea cucumber is also eaten, which is called
2941:
2936:
2931:
2861:
2685:
2680:
2665:
2632:
2627:
2542:
2509:
2505:
2425:
2278:
2069:
1610:
1402:
916:
833:
763:
427:
188:
1716:
987:
RamĂłn, Montserrat; Lleonart, Jordi; MassutĂ, Enric (June 2010).
460:
2926:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2724:
2577:
2552:
2465:
2400:
2375:
2006:
1906:
958:
802:
422:
237:
1398:"Sea cucumbers, abalone off the menu in China frugality drive"
2522:
2104:
711:
704:
398:
251:
196:
2303:
832:
qualities to the sea cucumber, as it physically resembles a
442:
Many sea cucumber species are endangered and are at risk of
1032:
1030:
1579:
1477:"Seafoods 2: Three Ways of Preparing Sea Cucumbers (æ”·ćäžæł)"
2011:
172:
1027:
321:
The creature and the food product are commonly known as
716:
From the 17th or 18th century CE onwards, traders from
828:
Chinese folk belief attributes male sexual health and
1200:"Holothuria nobilis, black teatfish : fisheries"
747:
The Asian market for sea cucumber is estimated to be
744:) in particular to supply markets in Southern China.
151:
2182:
Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
986:
293:
279:
1038:
Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management
777:, which is salted and fermented food (a variety of
1044:United Nations Food & Agriculture Org., 2004.
1330:
1328:
3023:
851:Following campaigns encouraging people to avoid
223:
915:Braised sea cucumber with mushrooms, pork, and
805:in Jewish dietary law, since they lack scales.
630:Five other species are targeted in the state's
627:is regulated by state and federal legislation.
623:). The fishing of the various species known as
1325:
2346:
1595:
1302:
761:In Japan, sea cucumber is also eaten raw, as
80:
61:
256:
242:
1042:Volume 463 of FAO fisheries technical paper
2353:
2339:
1602:
1588:
836:, and uses a defence mechanism similar to
1354:
1334:
798:, often as an ingredient in rice dishes.
732:, the modern-day Northern Territory, and
1376:
1374:
695:Jar of dried, gutted sea cucumbers at a
690:
508:
493:
459:
1493:
14:
3024:
942:Sea cucumber with scallions, a famous
2360:
2334:
1583:
1497:An Ecological History of Modern China
1371:
773:, and its intestine is also eaten as
1335:Macknight, Charles Campbell (2011).
1314:. Department of fisheries. p. 3
1305:"Beche-de-mer fishery status report"
1281:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
1260:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
1222:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
1177:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
1156:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
1135:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2020).
1114:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2011).
982:
980:
468:or sea cucumber breeding/harvesting
24:
1500:. University of Washington Press.
25:
3083:
1518:
977:
801:Sea cucumbers are considered non-
2314:
2313:
2302:
2110:
2109:
2017:
2016:
1882:
1881:
1730:
1524:
1422:Knowledge, la enciclopedia libre
1303:Brown, S.; Hart, A. (May 2004).
935:
923:
908:
896:
884:
872:
860:
314:are marine animals of the class
42:
1487:
1469:
1448:
1434:
1410:
1390:
1296:
1275:
1254:
1237:
1216:
808:
582:(giant California sea cucumber)
197:
173:
1570:New International Encyclopedia
1481:Translating the Suiyuan Shidan
1192:
1171:
1150:
1129:
1108:
1082:Marine and Freshwater Research
1073:
1055:
722:extensive seasonal trade links
294:
280:
152:
81:
62:
13:
1:
2436:Pork knuckles and ginger stew
1312:State of the fisheries report
1251:. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
1013:10.1016/j.fishres.2010.02.006
970:
697:traditional Chinese medicine
480:Malay word for sea cucumber
7:
2136:Fish diseases and parasites
1609:
951:
10:
3088:
3011:History of Chinese cuisine
1245:Parastichopus californicus
1067:Merriam Webster Dictionary
965:Buddha Jumps Over the Wall
709:
658:(deep-water redfish), and
579:Parastichopus californicus
505:sea cucumber with mushroom
453:
449:
446:due to their consumption.
413:regard sea cucumbers as a
336:(literally "sea animal"),
2976:
2950:
2809:
2783:
2699:
2646:
2504:
2368:
2297:
2269:List of seafood companies
2254:Gathering seafood by hand
2236:
2190:
2164:
2123:
2030:
1895:
1827:
1739:
1728:
1617:
686:
305:
287:
273:
268:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
231:
217:
212:
187:
180:
166:
159:
145:
138:
133:
129:
121:
117:
107:
97:
93:
74:
55:
50:
41:
37:
32:
2151:Scombroid food poisoning
1494:Harrell, Stevan (2023).
1454:Rone de Beauvoir, 2005.
1424:(in Spanish), 2021-03-18
1293:. November 2011 version.
1272:. November 2011 version.
1234:. November 2011 version.
1189:. November 2011 version.
1168:. November 2011 version.
1126:. November 2011 version.
754:It is typically used in
57:Traditional Chinese
2775:White sugar sponge cake
2055:List of raw fish dishes
1555:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
574:(Japanese sea cucumber)
388:and "minch' i mari" in
76:Simplified Chinese
2391:Cantonese seafood soup
2040:List of seafood dishes
1558:(11th ed.). 1911.
1540:Encyclopedia Americana
1418:"Arroz con espardeñas"
1356:10.22459/AH.35.2011.06
930:Sea cucumber rice roll
707:
571:Apostichopus japonicus
528:Holothuria arguinensis
514:
506:
469:
224:
3067:Sea cucumbers as food
2857:Garland chrysanthemum
2837:Fermented black beans
2784:Condiments and spices
1529:Texts on Wikisource:
1285:Acaudina molpadioides
1226:Actinopyga mauritiana
1181:Holothuria fuscogilva
1147:. April 2020 version.
1139:Holothuria arguinensi
694:
679:(black teatfish) and
655:Actinopyga echninitis
611:Acaudina molpadioides
587:Parastichopus regalis
563:Actinopyga mauritiana
543:Holothuria fuscogilva
512:
497:
463:
396:, it is known as the
3057:Animal-based seafood
2981:Cantonese restaurant
2963:Dried shredded squid
2411:Dragon tiger phoenix
2406:Crispy fried chicken
2396:Chinese steamed eggs
2172:Seafood mislabelling
1160:Holothuria spinifera
903:Braised sea cucumber
632:bĂȘche-de-mer harvest
566:(spiny sea cucumber)
535:Holothuria spinifera
275:Revised Romanization
2791:Fermented bean curd
2623:Water chestnut cake
2496:Yangzhou fried rice
2481:White boiled shrimp
2476:Sweet and sour pork
2421:Eight treasure duck
2223:Pain in crustaceans
2208:Eating live seafood
2177:Sustainable seafood
2156:Shellfish poisoning
2060:List of tuna dishes
2050:List of fish dishes
2045:List of crab dishes
1204:www.sealifebase.org
1005:2010FishR.105...21R
867:Cooked sea cucumber
676:Holothuria whitmaei
652:(prickly redfish),
643:Holothuria whitmaei
590:(royal sea cucumber
513:Dried sea cucumbers
384:(sea aubergine) in
3042:Indonesian cuisine
2907:Shrimp roe noodles
2451:Snake bite chicken
2289:Seafood restaurant
2259:History of seafood
2198:Declawing of crabs
1458:. Lulu.com, 2005.
1342:Aboriginal History
993:Fisheries Research
891:Fried sea cucumber
879:Sea cucumber dish
708:
673:(white teatfish),
640:(black teatfish),
637:Holothuria nobilis
555:Holothuria nobilis
515:
507:
503:Chinese Indonesian
470:
3052:Hong Kong cuisine
3047:Cantonese cuisine
3019:
3018:
2996:Hong Kong cuisine
2796:Five-spice powder
2740:Malay sponge cake
2691:White cut chicken
2671:Orange cuttlefish
2486:White cut chicken
2461:Steam minced pork
2456:Soy sauce chicken
2441:Seafood birdsnest
2362:Cantonese cuisine
2328:
2327:
2320:Category: Seafood
2244:Fish preservation
2203:Eyestalk ablation
2165:Advisory services
1507:978-0-295-75171-9
1464:978-1-882682-01-0
1444:. 15 August 2013.
1118:Holothuria scabra
1050:978-92-5-105163-4
736:. They collected
670:Holothuria noblis
620:Holothuria scabra
606:(prickly redfish)
550:, white teatfish)
520:Holothuria scabra
433:shiitake mushroom
405:Most cultures in
309:
308:
301:
300:
289:McCuneâReischauer
208:
207:
140:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
3079:
3037:Japanese seafood
3001:Macanese cuisine
2991:Shanghai cuisine
2958:Chinese herb tea
2822:Black bean paste
2730:Ginger milk curd
2588:Steamed meatball
2573:Rice noodle roll
2568:Ox-tongue pastry
2386:Buddha's delight
2381:Bird's nest soup
2355:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2264:History of sushi
2113:
2112:
2020:
2019:
1885:
1884:
1877:List of seafoods
1734:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1559:
1544:
1528:
1512:
1511:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1279:
1273:
1264:Thelenota ananas
1258:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1196:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1053:
1034:
1025:
1024:
984:
939:
927:
912:
900:
888:
876:
864:
756:Chinese cuisines
730:Kimberley region
649:Thelenota ananas
603:Thelenota ananas
558:(black teatfish)
538:(brown sandfish)
499:Haisom cah jamur
297:
296:
283:
282:
266:
265:
260:
259:
246:
245:
227:
204:
203:
176:
175:
155:
154:
131:
130:
89:
88:
70:
69:
46:
30:
29:
27:Marine foodstuff
21:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3006:Chinese cuisine
2986:Beijing cuisine
2972:
2946:
2805:
2779:
2695:
2661:Chinese sausage
2642:
2500:
2364:
2359:
2329:
2324:
2309:Food portal
2301:
2293:
2249:Fish processing
2232:
2213:Live fish trade
2186:
2160:
2141:Mercury in fish
2119:
2026:
1987:Shark liver oil
1898:
1891:
1823:
1735:
1726:
1613:
1608:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1379:
1372:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1280:
1276:
1259:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1176:
1172:
1155:
1151:
1134:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1094:10.1071/MF02145
1078:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1052:. 425 pages: 58
1035:
1028:
985:
978:
973:
954:
947:
940:
931:
928:
919:
913:
904:
901:
892:
889:
880:
877:
868:
865:
811:
796:Catalan cuisine
714:
689:
661:Holothuria atra
489:Chinese cuisine
464:The Philippine
458:
452:
437:Chinese cabbage
382:deniz patlıcanı
213:Vietnamese name
201:
199:
122:Literal meaning
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Korean seafood
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2877:Pig blood curd
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Deuk Deuk Tong
2717:
2712:
2710:Almond biscuit
2706:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:Tofu skin roll
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:Wonton noodles
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Shark fin soup
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2284:Salmon cannery
2281:
2276:
2274:Pescetarianism
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2237:Related topics
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2191:Animal welfare
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:Metagonimiasis
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2124:Health hazards
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2100:Shark fin soup
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Fish and chips
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2032:Seafood dishes
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:Fermented fish
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1840:Marine mammals
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1560:
1545:
1520:
1519:External links
1517:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1486:
1468:
1447:
1433:
1409:
1389:
1370:
1324:
1295:
1274:
1253:
1249:Census of Life
1236:
1215:
1191:
1170:
1149:
1128:
1107:
1088:(5): 657â667.
1072:
1054:
1026:
975:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
962:
953:
950:
949:
948:
941:
934:
932:
929:
922:
920:
914:
907:
905:
902:
895:
893:
890:
883:
881:
878:
871:
869:
866:
859:
853:shark fin soup
817:, the Chinese
815:Suiyuan shidan
810:
807:
688:
685:
664:(lolly fish).
646:(black fish),
615:
614:
607:
599:
583:
575:
567:
559:
551:
539:
531:
524:
454:Main article:
451:
448:
411:Southeast Asia
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
291:
285:
284:
277:
271:
270:
269:Transcriptions
262:
261:
254:
248:
247:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
221:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
205:
194:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
164:
163:
161:Yue: Cantonese
157:
156:
149:
143:
142:
136:
135:
134:Transcriptions
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
91:
90:
78:
72:
71:
59:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3084:
3073:
3072:Types of food
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Holothuroidea
3030:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Sea cucumbers
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Mantis shrimp
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Tang bu shuai
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Red bean soup
2753:
2751:
2750:Red bean cake
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2700:Desserts and
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Taro dumpling
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:Lemon chicken
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Egg foo young
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2228:Shark finning
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Cod liver oil
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:Other seafood
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1406:. 2013-05-07.
1405:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1386:1-56676-736-9
1383:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
983:
981:
976:
966:
963:
961:
960:
956:
955:
945:
938:
933:
926:
921:
918:
911:
906:
899:
894:
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
858:
857:
856:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
806:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
766:
765:
759:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
713:
706:
702:
698:
693:
684:
682:
678:
677:
672:
671:
665:
663:
662:
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
638:
633:
628:
626:
622:
621:
613:
612:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
572:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
545:
544:
540:
537:
536:
532:
530:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
516:
511:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
467:
462:
457:
447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
316:Holothuroidea
313:
312:Sea cucumbers
304:
292:
290:
286:
278:
276:
272:
267:
263:
255:
253:
249:
241:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
220:
216:
211:
195:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:
79:
77:
73:
68:
65:
60:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2896:
2715:Biscuit roll
2533:Chicken feet
2471:Suckling pig
2218:Pain in fish
2095:Seafood boil
1992:Shrimp paste
1982:Salted squid
1857:Sea cucumber
1856:
1799:Prawn/Shrimp
1568:
1553:
1550:BĂȘche-de-Mer
1538:
1535:BĂȘche-de-Mer
1496:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1455:
1450:
1436:
1426:, retrieved
1421:
1412:
1401:
1392:
1346:
1340:
1316:. Retrieved
1311:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1041:
1037:
999:(1): 21â27.
996:
992:
957:
850:
827:
819:Qing Dynasty
812:
809:Culinary use
800:
793:
788:
784:
778:
774:
768:
762:
760:
753:
746:
742:sea cucumber
737:
720:established
715:
699:emporium in
680:
674:
668:
666:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
634:, these are
631:
629:
625:bĂȘche-de-mer
624:
618:
616:
609:
601:
595:
591:
585:
577:
569:
561:
553:
547:
541:
533:
526:
518:
498:
486:
481:
476:" after the
471:
465:
441:
426:
419:winter melon
404:
397:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
345:
337:
334:bicho do mar
333:
323:bĂȘche-de-mer
322:
320:
310:
182:Southern Min
147:Hanyu Pinyin
99:Hanyu Pinyin
51:Chinese name
33:Sea cucumber
18:Beche de mer
2968:Lou fo tong
2810:Ingredients
2760:Sausage bun
2676:Roast goose
2618:Turnip cake
2583:Spring roll
2538:Coconut bar
2528:Cha siu bao
2518:Almond tofu
2369:Main dishes
1997:Smoked fish
1977:Salted fish
1937:Fish fillet
1917:Canned fish
1814:Crustaceans
1809:Sea urchins
1349:: 121â143.
1291:SeaLifeBase
1270:SeaLifeBase
1232:SeaLifeBase
1187:SeaLifeBase
1166:SeaLifeBase
1145:SeaLifeBase
1124:SeaLifeBase
838:ejaculation
830:aphrodisiac
734:Arnhem Land
728:peoples of
444:overfishing
232:Korean name
125:sea ginseng
3026:Categories
2912:Spare ribs
2892:Saang mein
2735:Lo mai chi
2593:Swiss wing
2558:Lo mai gai
2523:Beef tripe
2090:Fried fish
1967:Fish stock
1962:Fish steak
1957:Fish paste
1952:Fish sauce
1927:Cured fish
1912:Dried fish
1632:Barramundi
1428:2024-07-15
1318:2009-01-03
1209:2020-08-10
1063:"Teripang"
971:References
842:tendonitis
823:gastronomy
821:manual of
726:Indigenous
710:See also:
596:espardenya
523:(sandfish)
478:Indonesian
474:trepanging
456:Trepanging
354:Indonesian
338:espardenya
331:Portuguese
219:Vietnamese
2922:Tofu skin
2902:Shahe fen
2882:Pig's ear
2852:Frog legs
2842:Fish ball
2817:Beef ball
2598:Taro cake
2131:Ciguatera
2085:Fish soup
2002:Stockfish
1942:Fish head
1897:Processed
1835:Jellyfish
1741:Shellfish
1722:Whitebait
1702:Swordfish
1102:1323-1650
1021:0165-7836
846:arthritis
787:(ăăźă) or
724:with the
681:H. scabra
174:hoi2 sam1
113:hoi2 sam1
2917:Suan cai
2887:Rapeseed
2872:Ong choy
2847:Fishcake
2801:XO sauce
2770:Tong sui
2745:Mooncake
2656:Char siu
2648:Siu laap
2638:Zhaliang
2563:Nian gao
2548:Jian dui
2080:Fish pie
1972:Lutefisk
1947:Fish oil
1819:Molluscs
1804:Scallops
1769:Crayfish
1697:Sturgeon
1677:Mackerel
1667:Flounder
1662:Flatfish
1637:Billfish
1365:24046930
952:See also
944:Shandong
917:tea eggs
780:shiokara
775:konowata
770:sunomono
718:Sulawesi
701:Yokohama
548:bat susu
482:teripang
415:delicacy
390:Sicilian
378:Hawaiian
362:Japanese
168:Jyutping
109:Jyutping
2942:Zha cai
2937:Youmian
2932:Yi mein
2862:Kai-lan
2686:Siu yuk
2681:Siu mei
2666:Lou mei
2633:Youtiao
2628:Yau gok
2543:Har gow
2510:yum cha
2506:Dim sum
2426:Hot pot
2279:Raw bar
2115:more...
2070:Chowder
2022:more...
1899:seafood
1887:more...
1862:Seaweed
1852:Octopus
1794:Oysters
1789:Mussels
1784:Lobster
1774:Geoduck
1754:Cockles
1749:Abalone
1707:Tilapia
1687:Sardine
1672:Herring
1647:Catfish
1627:Anchovy
1611:Seafood
1573:. 1905.
1565:Trepang
1543:. 1920.
1483:. 2014.
1403:Reuters
1001:Bibcode
834:phallus
791:(ăăĄă).
789:kuchiko
764:sashimi
738:trepang
466:balatan
450:Harvest
428:kai-lan
386:Turkish
370:Tagalog
366:balatan
350:trīpang
346:trepang
342:Catalan
329:, from
225:háșŁi sĂąm
202:hĂĄi-sum
200:hĂĄi-sim
198:hĂĄi-sam
189:Hokkien
153:hÇishÄn
103:hÇishÄn
2951:Others
2927:Wonton
2832:Conpoy
2827:Chenpi
2725:Douhua
2702:pastry
2608:Tendon
2578:Shumai
2553:Jiaozi
2466:Subgum
2401:Congee
2376:Bao yu
2318:
2065:Bisque
2007:Surimi
1907:Caviar
1682:Salmon
1504:
1466:, pp60
1462:
1384:
1363:
1100:
1048:
1019:
959:Bao yu
803:kosher
785:konoko
687:Market
435:, and
423:conpoy
358:namako
327:French
295:haesam
281:haesam
238:Hangul
2105:Sushi
1872:Algae
1867:Squid
1845:Whale
1779:Krill
1759:Conch
1712:Trout
1692:Shark
1361:JSTOR
1308:(PDF)
712:Gamat
705:Japan
399:gamat
394:Malay
392:. In
352:) in
252:Hanja
2508:and
1764:Crab
1717:Tuna
1642:Carp
1619:Fish
1502:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1098:ISSN
1046:ISBN
1017:ISSN
946:dish
844:and
749:US$
409:and
407:East
374:loli
348:(or
2012:Roe
1657:Eel
1652:Cod
1567:".
1552:".
1537:".
1351:doi
1289:in
1268:in
1230:in
1185:in
1164:in
1143:in
1122:in
1090:doi
1009:doi
997:105
767:or
594:or
376:in
368:in
360:in
340:in
325:in
192:POJ
3028::
1479:.
1420:,
1400:.
1373:^
1359:.
1347:35
1345:.
1339:.
1327:^
1310:.
1202:.
1096:.
1086:54
1084:.
1065:.
1040::
1029:^
1015:.
1007:.
995:.
991:.
979:^
848:.
703:,
501:,
439:.
431:,
425:,
421:,
402:.
380:,
372:,
364:,
356:,
344:,
258:æ”·è
244:íŽìŒ
2354:e
2347:t
2340:v
1603:e
1596:t
1589:v
1563:"
1548:"
1533:"
1510:.
1367:.
1353::
1321:.
1287:"
1283:"
1266:"
1262:"
1228:"
1224:"
1212:.
1183:"
1179:"
1162:"
1158:"
1141:"
1137:"
1120:"
1116:"
1104:.
1092::
1069:.
1023:.
1011::
1003::
740:(
598:)
592:,
546:(
86:ć
83:æ”·
67:ć
64:æ”·
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
