455:
153:
387:- This was a shrine and cemetery at the outset of Souq al-Tujar, that had members of the al-Tabatabaei scholarly family buried in it. During the demolition in 1979, the deceased bodies of Sayyid Muhammad al-Mujahid al-Tabatabaei and his mother, Aminah al-Behbehani were exhumed, and their corpses were left on the floor by the rubble for three days. The remains were only relocated to the city's graveyard, after pressures rose from disturbed members of the public.
426:, in 1876. The protest started after the Ottoman government tried to arrest Hadla for allegedly killing an Ottoman spy. Following the protests, the central government in Baghdad sent troops to Karbala to suppress the uprising, however upon arrival to the city, they saw no civil unrest, and couldn't locate the rebels. Upon the troops return to Baghdad, they arrested approximately 70 individuals, including Hadla. They were all released a year later.
503:
489:
160:
863:
52:
439:, most of the buildings surrounding the shrines were completely reduced to rubble. After reclaiming the vicinity of both shrines, Saddam further opened and cleared the area surrounding the shrines and in between them, to make control over the area easier. The expanded area became 350 metres long and 160 metres wide.
470:
By 2013, Bayn al-Haramayn was paved with stone. The Iraqi
Ministry of Reconstruction and Residence covered the floor of the area, with Italian marble. The project included the development of infrastructural and electric installations, ablution facilities, cooling systems, closed-circuit cameras, and
358:
In 1973, the
Endowment Ministry of Iraq undertook the administration of holy shrines, and in 1975, a work-group was formed to reconstruct and expand the two shrines. In 1979, the project saw the demolition of buildings, historical monuments, seminary schools and old mosques as well as graves of some
371:
of the Imam Husayn shrine dome, as well as other projects related to the shrine's development. They also uncovered new areas in Bayn al-Haramayn that saw further more houses, shops and monuments destroyed, including a two storey mosque that was built in 1949. Hotels were erected on each side of the
366:
went to
Karbala to announce a new expansion plan for the shrines and their connection with a shared square. In this project, the areas and districts around the shrines were purchased. That same year, the Iraqi government unveiled the completed projects, such as the
466:
After the Iraqi invasion of 2003, the new Iraqi government initiated an expansion project for all religious sites in
Karbala. This was to provide services for the pilgrims and facilitate the traffic between the two shrines.
422:- This was a cafeteria owned by Ali Hadla. Hadla gained fame after heading a movement, which called for the youth of Karbala to protest the Ottoman's enlistment of Iraqis to their army to fight the Russians in the
397:, and used to distribute food to the pilgrims, free of charge. The restaurant had a basement, with a small shrine, associated with the event of a man purportedly seeing an apparition of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
454:
219:
In the past, the area was not an empty space between the two shrines; rather it was divided into a single main street and a number of alleyways, with residential and commercial buildings. During the
1299:
1129:
1108:
1087:
227:, the administration of the two shrines initiated a project of further developing the area, as well as the shrines to form a large unified precinct for the holy shrines of Karbala.
243:
literature after the demolition of all that stood in the area, in the late 1970s, creating an open canvas between the two shrines, known in its Arabic term as, Bayn al-Haramayn.
609:
393:- This was the first and most popular restaurant in the area. It was at the beginning of Ali al-Akbar Street and owned by Muhammad-Taqi Salar. The restaurant used to close on
312:, such as Souq al-Siyyagh, Souq al-Tujar, Souq al-Sa'achiya and Souq al-Abbas. In 1909, the garrison of Karbala, Jalal Pasha, expanded the tailors market in the souq.
416:- This was a mosque built by Sayyid Muhammad-Mahdi al-Shahristani in 1775. The mosque acted as a sanctuary for the pilgrims who would visit Karbala on holy occasions.
406:- This was a large parade that extended along Ali al-Akbar Street, owned by Muhammad (Hammoud) Nasrallah, who was the head of the traders of Karbala during the late
963:
93:
235:
Bayn al-Haramayn literally means "between the two shrines". Before the destruction of the buildings between the two shrines, the area was only known as
848:
Holy shrines of
Karbala : architectural study with a historical background of the area between and around the two holy shrines of Karbala-Iraq
614:
1036:
1396:[Ministry of Reconstruction announces the near completion of the development of the holy Bayn al-Haramayn area in Karbala].
251:
Karbala is known by its numerous mahalat. The Bayn al-Haramayn area was known as mahalat Bab al-Najaf. It had some of the following
471:
auditory devices. The stones used for the courtyard of Bayn al-Haramayn are allegedly similar to the ones laid in the courtyard of
894:[The Imam Husayn Shrine acquires 31 thousand square metres as part of the expansion plan worth 200 billion Iraqi dinars].
380:
There were a number of notable and historical landmarks in the area between the two shrines before its demolition. This included:
1219:
1188:
1070:
223:, the buildings between the two shrines were demolished to make way for the area known today as Bayn al-Haramayn. After the
1319:
619:
995:[An area in Karbala that is witness to the crimes of Saddam and his crimes against Imam Husayn and his shrine].
423:
152:
819:
993:"Mantaqa Fi Karbala Shahidah 'Ala Jara2im Saddam wal-Ijram Alati Irtakabat Bihaq al-Imam al-Husayn wa Marqadih"
1443:
566:
1428:
1423:
533:
239:
Bab al-Najaf. It consisted of alleyways and one main street called Ali al-Akbar Street. The term entered
788:
359:
scholars. This new open area between the two shrines began to gradually be known as Bayn al-Haramayn.
1394:"al-I'mar Ta'lin Qurb Injaz Mashroo' Tatweer Ma Bayn al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn Fi Karbala al-Muqadasa"
1438:
757:
436:
892:"al-Ataba al-Husayniya Tastamlik 31 Alf Mitr Dhimn Mashroo' al-Tawsi'a Bikulfat 200 Milyar Dinar"
335:. A renowned Darwish Ali, used to go around the markets in Karbala reciting poetry in praise of
212:, which is a distance of 378 meters. It is said to be the exact place where the fighting in the
1448:
654:
190:
964:"Video: How beautiful it looks when rain pours down onto the heavenly area of Bainul Haramain"
658:
472:
224:
402:
1153:
812:
624:
8:
1243:
Board of
Jurists of Marja's: A analytical study of the leadership of the group of jurists
1030:
664:
645:
523:
459:
205:
61:
1215:
1184:
1066:
669:
581:
494:
220:
213:
1238:
Shura al-Fuqaha al-Maraji': Dirasa
Tahliliya Hawl al-Qiyada al-Marja'iya al-Jama'iya
1433:
1214:] (in Arabic). Vol. 6. London, UK: Hussaini Charitable Trust. p. 84.
752:
635:
604:
1278:
1257:
1236:
1205:
1174:
1056:
917:
805:
528:
272:
258:
209:
181:
65:
31:
1245:] (in Arabic). Mu'sasat al-Fikr al-Islami Lil Thaqafa wal-I'lam. p. 47.
937:
729:
714:
552:
407:
363:
348:
320:
1371:[Opening of the development project for Bayn al-Haramayn in Karbala].
1266:] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. pp. 138–40.
891:
1417:
694:
630:
324:
108:
95:
1368:
1345:"Ali Hadla's Movement Against The Ottoman Occupation (1293 Hijri - 1876 AD)"
866:[Millions of pilgrims in Karbala to revive the Arbaeen pilgrimage].
1183:] (in Arabic). Vol. 3. Hussaini Centre for Research. p. 154.
793:
734:
1065:] (in Arabic). London, UK: Hussaini Centre for Research. p. 306.
926:] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydhaa. p. 168.
1344:
650:
576:
571:
518:
508:
344:
924:
Statement of the Imams: To the wondrous happenings and glamorous secrets
442:
In 1997, the city council laid cement to the damaged floor, and planted
846:
719:
699:
674:
1369:"Iftitah Mashroo' Tatweer Ma Bayn al-Haramayn Fi Karbala al-Muqadasah"
1162:] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: al-A'lami Foundation. p. 139.
1393:
443:
992:
864:"Malayin al-Zuwar Fi Karbala Li Ihyaa Arba'iniyat al-Imam al-Husayn"
279:; an arch covering an alleyway, known by the home it extends from):
51:
236:
689:
679:
538:
368:
330:
77:
775:
724:
704:
640:
586:
394:
352:
316:
240:
1212:
History of the
Shrines (Husayn, his family and his companions)
1181:
History of the
Shrines (Husayn, his family and his companions)
488:
940:[Karbala: A great legend, and the presence of hope].
709:
340:
851:(doctoral thesis). University of Wales Trinity Saint David.
684:
309:
81:
919:
Bayan al-A'imah: Lil Waqa'i al-Ghariba wal-Asrar al-Ajiba
336:
286:
Agid Sayyid Abd al-Wahab Tuma and taag Sayyid Hashim Tuma
1207:
Tarikh al-Maraqid (al-Husayn wa Ahli Baythi wa
Ansarih)
1176:
Tarikh al-Maraqid (al-Husayn wa Ahli Baythi wa Ansarih)
484:
328:
266:
252:
195:
60:
Aerial view of Bayn al-Haramayn, with a view of the
916:Mahdī, Muḥammad Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn al-Najafī (2003).
886:
884:
458:Image from Bayn al-Haramayn, looking towards the
327:orders) that lived in it, and they were known as
1415:
339:. He would also perform hajj-like rituals in an
615:Sermon of Zaynab bint Ali in the court of Yazid
938:"Karbala Ra'iat al-Tarikh wa Hadhirat al-Amal"
881:
1322:[Ali Hadla's movement on the scale].
844:
813:
36:
1203:
1172:
1054:
1035:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
820:
806:
1151:
610:Casualties of Husayn's caravan in Karbala
298:Agid al-Tabatabaei and taag al-Tabatabaei
453:
159:
1349:Karbala Centre for Studies and Research
1055:al-Khazraji, Nadhir (31 January 2010).
1016:
961:
351:between the two shrines, for spiritual
1416:
1297:
1276:
1255:
1127:
1106:
1085:
1023:History of Karbala, Ancient and Modern
246:
1234:
1147:
1145:
915:
845:Ali Al-Ansari, R. M. (30 June 1997).
1204:al-Karbassi, Muhammad-Sadiq (1998).
1173:al-Karbassi, Muhammad-Sadiq (1998).
1160:Karbala the civilisation and history
1050:
1048:
1046:
987:
985:
983:
620:Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus
1324:College of Education and Humanities
1249:
1138:] (in Arabic). pp. 394–96.
1096:] (in Arabic). pp. 174–75.
1025:] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon.
1019:Tarikh Karbala, Qadiman wa Hadithan
276:
262:
185:
37:
35:
13:
1142:
14:
1460:
1043:
980:
501:
487:
430:
158:
151:
50:
1386:
1361:
1337:
1320:"Harakat "Ali Hadla" fil-Mizan"
1312:
1308:] (in Arabic). p. 178.
1291:
1270:
1228:
1197:
1166:
1121:
1100:
1079:
446:along two columns of the area.
283:Agid al-Damad and taag al-Damad
1287:] (in Arabic). p. 70.
1264:Tribes and Families of Karbala
1117:] (in Arabic). p. 33.
1010:
968:International Shia News Agency
955:
930:
909:
856:
838:
315:Karbala had a large number of
136:13 million (in October, 2018)
16:Historic site in Karbala, Iraq
1:
1155:Karbala al-Hadhara wal-Tarikh
1017:Zmeyzim, Said Rashid (2011).
832:
385:Sanctuary of Al al-Tabatabaei
1298:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1988).
1277:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1988).
1256:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998).
1235:Asadī, Nāṣir Ḥusayn (1991).
1128:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1988).
1107:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1988).
1086:Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1988).
449:
375:
230:
7:
1259:Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha
534:Holiest sites in Shia Islam
478:
329:
267:
253:
196:
10:
1465:
789:Category:Prophecy in Islam
204:, is the area between the
200:), also transliterated as
1152:al-Ansari, Raouf (2016).
146:
142:
132:
124:
87:
73:
45:
26:
21:
758:The Fourteen Infallibles
437:1991 uprising in Karbala
1326:(in Arabic). 2015-03-15
1301:Karbalāʼ fī al-Dhākirah
1280:Karbalāʼ Fī al-Dhākirah
1131:Karbalāʼ fī al-Dhākirah
1110:Karbalāʼ fī al-Dhākirah
1089:Karbalāʼ fī al-Dhākirah
1063:The Expedition of a Pen
870:(in Arabic). 2018-10-30
962:asadian (2019-02-25).
463:
1306:Karbala in the Memory
1136:Karbala in the Memory
1115:Karbala in the Memory
1094:Karbala in the Memory
457:
225:2003 invasion of Iraq
138:50 million (annually)
109:32.61667°N 44.03417°E
1444:Shia mosques in Iraq
625:Mourning of Muharram
308:There were multiple
1429:Islamic holy places
1424:Islamic pilgrimages
1285:Memories Of Karbala
547:Part of a series on
424:Russian-Ottoman war
247:Before construction
105: /
665:Imam Husayn Shrine
646:Azadari in Lucknow
524:Imam Husayn Shrine
464:
460:Imam Husayn shrine
391:Karbala Restaurant
289:Agid al-Gilgawiyin
206:Imam Husayn Shrine
114:32.61667; 44.03417
1221:978-1-902490-80-9
1190:978-1-902490-31-1
1072:978-1-902490-74-8
830:
829:
670:Ziyarat of Ashura
582:Battle of Karbala
495:Shia Islam portal
337:Ali ibn Abi Talib
214:Battle of Karbala
194:
186:بَيْن الحَرَمَيْن
175:
174:
38:بَيْن الحَرَمَيْن
1456:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
989:
978:
977:
975:
974:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
934:
928:
927:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
888:
879:
878:
876:
875:
860:
854:
852:
842:
822:
815:
808:
770:Related articles
753:The Twelve Imams
605:Maqtal al-Husayn
544:
543:
511:
506:
505:
504:
497:
492:
491:
334:
301:Agid Hamza Bahar
278:
270:
265:; alleyway) and
264:
256:
199:
197:Bayn al-Ḥaramayn
189:
187:
178:Bayn al-Haramayn
167:Location in Iraq
162:
161:
155:
120:
119:
117:
116:
115:
110:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
54:
41:
40:
39:
22:Bayn al-Haramayn
19:
18:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1439:Shrines in Iraq
1414:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1398:alforatnews.com
1392:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1296:
1292:
1275:
1271:
1254:
1250:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1171:
1167:
1150:
1143:
1126:
1122:
1105:
1101:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1058:Nuzhat al-Qalam
1053:
1044:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
997:imamhussain.org
991:
990:
981:
972:
970:
960:
956:
947:
945:
936:
935:
931:
914:
910:
901:
899:
896:almadapaper.net
890:
889:
882:
873:
871:
862:
861:
857:
843:
839:
835:
826:
781:
780:
771:
763:
762:
748:
740:
739:
600:
592:
591:
562:
529:Al-Abbas Mosque
515:
514:
507:
502:
500:
493:
486:
481:
473:Masjid al-Haram
452:
433:
378:
319:(mostly of the
292:Agid Shir Fidha
249:
233:
210:al-Abbas Shrine
202:Bainul Haramain
171:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
163:
137:
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
96:
94:
92:
91:
69:
58:
57:
56:
55:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1462:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1411:
1410:
1385:
1360:
1336:
1311:
1290:
1269:
1248:
1227:
1220:
1196:
1189:
1165:
1141:
1120:
1099:
1078:
1071:
1042:
1009:
979:
954:
929:
908:
880:
855:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
825:
824:
817:
810:
802:
799:
798:
797:
796:
791:
783:
782:
779:
778:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
730:Hussaini Dalan
727:
722:
717:
715:Chehel Minbari
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
627:(Majlis-e-Aza)
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
549:
548:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
513:
512:
498:
483:
482:
480:
477:
451:
448:
435:Following the
432:
429:
428:
427:
420:Ali Hadla Cafe
417:
414:Masjid al-Safi
411:
398:
388:
377:
374:
364:Saddam Hussein
347:, and perform
343:on the eve of
306:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:Agid al-Chrakh
293:
290:
287:
284:
248:
245:
232:
229:
173:
172:
166:
157:
156:
150:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
89:
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
59:
49:
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1461:
1450:
1449:Islam in Iraq
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1013:
998:
994:
988:
986:
984:
969:
965:
958:
943:
939:
933:
925:
921:
920:
912:
897:
893:
887:
885:
869:
865:
859:
850:
849:
841:
837:
823:
818:
816:
811:
809:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
784:
777:
774:
773:
767:
766:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
660:
656:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Day of Tasu'a
634:
632:
631:Day of Ashura
629:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
558:
557:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
510:
499:
496:
490:
485:
476:
474:
468:
461:
456:
447:
445:
440:
438:
431:1991 Uprising
425:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
405:
404:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
382:
381:
373:
370:
365:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
332:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
281:
280:
274:
269:
260:
255:
244:
242:
238:
228:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
192:
183:
179:
154:
145:
141:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
67:
63:
53:
44:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1402:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:Alghadeer TV
1372:
1363:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1328:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1062:
1057:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
996:
971:. Retrieved
967:
957:
946:. Retrieved
941:
932:
923:
918:
911:
900:. Retrieved
895:
872:. Retrieved
867:
858:
847:
840:
794:Islam portal
747:Perspectives
735:Rawda Khwani
469:
465:
441:
434:
419:
413:
403:Al Nasrallah
400:
390:
384:
379:
361:
357:
314:
307:
304:Agid Abideen
250:
234:
221:Baathist era
218:
216:took place.
201:
177:
176:
27:
1400:(in Arabic)
1375:(in Arabic)
999:(in Arabic)
944:(in Arabic)
942:annabaa.org
898:(in Arabic)
599:Remembrance
577:Ahl al-Kisa
572:Ahl al-Bayt
567:Family tree
509:Iraq portal
408:Ottoman era
345:Eid al-Adha
112: /
88:Coordinates
28:Native name
1418:Categories
1404:2020-05-01
1379:2020-05-01
1354:2020-05-01
1330:2020-05-01
1003:2020-04-30
973:2020-04-30
948:2020-04-30
902:2020-04-30
874:2020-04-30
833:References
720:Chup Tazia
675:Hussainiya
659:Pilgrimage
444:palm trees
401:Parade of
100:44°02′03″E
97:32°37′00″N
1031:cite book
868:France 24
450:Post 2003
376:Landmarks
362:In 1987,
231:Etymology
191:romanized
68:shrines'.
651:Arba'een
519:Arba'een
479:See also
331:derawish
321:Bektashi
133:Visitors
128:48,000m²
74:Location
1434:Karbala
700:Ta'zieh
690:Maddahi
680:Marsiya
655:Ziyarat
539:Karbala
369:gilding
325:Mevlevi
237:mahalat
193::
78:Karbala
1218:
1187:
1069:
776:Ashura
725:Tatbir
705:Tabuik
641:Lohoof
587:Sayyid
553:Husayn
395:Ashura
372:area.
273:Arabic
259:Arabic
241:Ashura
182:Arabic
62:Husayn
32:Arabic
1304:[
1283:[
1262:[
1241:[
1210:[
1179:[
1158:[
1134:[
1113:[
1092:[
1061:[
1021:[
922:[
853:p. 7.
710:Hosay
353:merit
341:ihram
317:Sufis
310:souqs
268:taags
254:agids
66:Abbas
1216:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1037:link
695:Soaz
685:Noha
561:Life
349:sa'i
323:and
208:and
125:Area
82:Iraq
64:and
277:طاق
263:عگد
1420::
1347:.
1144:^
1045:^
1033:}}
1029:{{
982:^
966:.
883:^
475:.
355:.
275::
261::
188:,
184::
80:,
34::
1407:.
1382:.
1357:.
1333:.
1224:.
1193:.
1075:.
1039:)
1006:.
976:.
951:.
905:.
877:.
821:e
814:t
807:v
661:)
657:,
653:(
462:.
410:.
271:(
257:(
180:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
