1580:
1682:
41:
198:
187:
129:
1644:
capstans on one bank and to heavy cannon barrels on the other. The besieging force was rearranged so that the
British 1st Division, Bradford's and Campbell's Portuguese brigades, España's Spanish division, and two squadrons of Vandeleur's cavalry brigade were on the north bank, a total of 15,000 men. The 16,000-strong south bank force included the British 5th Division, Aylmer's British brigade, and the three newly-arrived Spanish divisions. Though the French remained surprisingly passive while Hope reinforced his bridgehead, when the Allies tried to seize the Saint-Étienne suburb, they had a bitter fight on their hands costing almost 400 casualties. On 27 February, the Allies on the north bank captured Saint-Étienne in house-to-house fighting. The British Guards and the Portuguese had minor losses, but three
168:
1744:
1731:
Portuguese battalions. These drove the French out and recaptured Saint-Étienne. At the same time the left-hand French column, supported by gunboats on the river, attacked Saint-Bernard. Maitland's 1st Guards
Brigade occupied the heights around the village and the convent. With a destructive fire from the Guards, the French were repulsed and Maitland ordered a counter attack. After finding Maitland's defenses intact, Howard rallied some of Stopford's troops and counterattacked the French near the Jewish cemetery. Hit by Stopford's men on one side and by Hinuber's KGL on the other, the French troops recoiled.
1665:
293:
1801:. This expedition met strong resistance and suffered 200 casualties including 30 men captured. On 19 April, a spy brought Habert news of Napoleon's abdication. Nevertheless, Habert made his soldiers swear an oath to serve Napoleon. On 25 April a French colonel arrived at Barcelona bringing official news that Napoleon was deposed. At this, Habert became so enraged at the colonel that his staff had to restrain him. It took him two more days before he calmed down enough realize that France had lost the war in Spain, and to discuss the terms of evacuation.
1735:
his troops to withdraw. As the Allies pursued their antagonists, in a few places the French became jammed together in the dark and made an easy target for Allied musketry. Thouvenot later claimed his troops withdrew in good order, but the French suffered heavy casualties. By 8:00 am the Allies had recovered all lost territory with minimal damage to fortifications as the siege guns had not been deployed in the battery positions. The commander of the
British 5th Division, Colville assumed command of Hope's corps for the remainder of the siege.
1810:
246:
227:
210:
1524:) had been collected in the harbor at Saint-Jean-de-Luz and loaded with wood planks and rope cables. They were to sail into the mouth of the Adour and be used to form a floating bridge. Meanwhile, a masked battery was prepared in a wood near the river; it would provide covering fire for an assault crossing. However, on 19 February and the following day, the strong wind was foul and the vessels were unable to sail from the port. Wellington returned to the field army on 21 February, leaving Hope to carry out the operation.
157:
1299:
1311:
1263:
144:
1624:
1323:
1287:
1275:
1215:
1690:
general gathered Abbé's division and several of the best battalions from the rest of the garrison, a total of 6,000 soldiers. Thouvenot planned to seize the Saint-Étienne suburb, with the first two columns issuing from the north and northeast sides of the citadel and the third column from the Saint-Esprit suburb. On the night of 13 April, a French deserter gave the Allies notice of the planned sortie, but the strength of the attack would take them by surprise.
1222:
220:
1640:
with the loss of one lugger and two ship's boats wrecked and about 35 sailors drowned. Meanwhile, the buildup of the north bank bridgehead continued, using rafts and rowboats, so that 3,000 men were across by noon. By nightfall, the entire 1st
Division was across the Adour plus a portion of Campbell's Portuguese brigade, a total of 8,000 troops entrenched. The bridgehead was now secure against anything the French could throw at it.
1229:
1760:
missing, a total of 905 casualties. Total losses in the siege, including the battle on 14 April, were 1,600 French killed and wounded, plus 400 captured. The Allies lost a total of 1,700 killed and wounded, and 300 captured. Gaston Bodart gave losses for the battle and siege as 2,000 on each side. According to Bodart, the Allies employed 25,000 troops during the siege while the French defenders numbered 14,000.
1588:
the south bank of the Adour. However, the luggers were nowhere in sight, having been blown out to sea by a contrary wind. Anxious that the French would discover his plans, Hope ordered Aylmer's and
Campbell's brigades and España's division to launch probing attacks along Bayonne's southern front. These demonstrations completely fooled Thouvenot, who believed he was about to undergo a major assault. Meanwhile,
2642:
300:
1656:
Adour estuary as a supply port, but merchant vessels proved unable to get across the bar at the mouth of the river. At the beginning of March, the Allied line of communication ran from the port of Saint-Jean-de-Luz north and across the new bridge. From there, the line turned east, passed around the besieged fortress of
Bayonne, and followed the north bank of the Adour to Port-de-Lanne.
1673:
Hope mistakenly believed that the garrison of
Bayonne would soon be starved into surrender and only carried out Wellington's orders slowly. In fact, the city had enough food to hold out for many weeks. Meanwhile, the picket lines were quiet because officers on both sides discouraged sniper fire. French and British soldiers
1818:
that war was over and deliberately attacked when the Allies had relaxed their guard. Colville thought
Thouvenot was "well intentioned" but influenced by fanatical subordinates. After agreeing to the armistice, Thouvenot announced, "I will not have the English treated like demi-gods, as they have been at
1785:
newspapers announcing that
Napoleon was deposed. Thouvenot refused to accept the news and congratulated his troops on their sortie in the name of Emperor Napoleon. He refused to end the fighting unless he received a direct order from a superior. On 27 April, Thouvenot finally received Soult's copy of
1769:
to inform him that
Napoleon had been deposed. The envoys were sent to Soult's headquarters where they arrived the following day and presented official documents. However, Soult refused to accept the legitimacy of the papers, but asked for an armistice from Wellington which was refused. Meanwhile, the
1734:
The Allied counterattack soon intensified and the French bridgehead north of the citadel was now under attack from both east and west. Men of Howard's 1st Division with the bayonet began to dislodge the French from emplacements along the crossroads near Saint-Étienne. At this point, Thouvenot ordered
1655:
Except for a weak sortie on 1 March, Thouvenot left the Allied siege lines undisturbed. Hope's engineers built a barrier upstream from the new bridge; this was intended to catch any fire ships launched to destroy the bridge. Yet, the French never attempted any such thing. Wellington wanted to use the
1643:
Construction of the bridge started on 25 February and lasted until afternoon of the next day. There were 26 luggers anchored side-by-side with their bows pointing upstream in a place where the Adour was only 300 yd (274 m) wide. The vessels were lashed together and secured by five cables to
1432:
ended on 14 December 1813, heavy rains began in the region around Bayonne. Although the outposts of each army around Bayonne were in close proximity to one another, neither army attempted any operations. Although urged by his Russian ally to continue the campaign, the Duke of Wellington refused to do
1672:
Hope conducted the siege in a way that was "leisurely to the point of apathy." Wellington wanted Hope to mount a formal siege operation against Bayonne. The attack would be directed at the citadel on the north bank, because the low-lying city could be easily bombarded once the citadel fell. However,
1726:
road. The two columns from the citadel overran Stopford's picket line, capturing many men, and drove the Guards brigade to the north. When Hope and his staff galloped from Le Boucau toward Saint-Étienne, they unwittingly took a route that the French troops had just seized. Hope and two of his staff
1395:
estuary downstream from Bayonne. Allied positions already faced the south side of Bayonne, so crossing the Adour allowed Hope's troops to also close off the north side of Bayonne, completely investing the city. Once Bayonne was surrounded, the siege was pursued lethargically on both sides until the
1817:
While Habert was unaware that the war was over when he launched his expedition on 16 April, Thouvenot had no such excuse. He was responsible for causing over 1,700 pointless casualties in a war that he knew was lost. Wellington called Thouvenot a "blackguard" because he believed the Frenchman knew
1689:
On 12 April Thouvenot received unofficial news of Napoleon's abdication. Even though this meant that the war was virtually over, the French governor decided to attack, "in a fit of spite and frustration". By this time, desertion and illness diminished Thouvenot's garrison to 12,000 men. The French
1639:
warships were visible outside the mouth of the Adour. Ship's boats soon discovered a channel across the bar at the mouth of the river, but by this time the tide was ebbing and it was impossible for the luggers to enter the river. By late afternoon, the tide turned and 34 luggers entered the Adour,
1587:
On the afternoon of 22 February, the wind moderated and the luggers left the port of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, bound for the mouth of the Adour. At midnight, the 1st Division began marching to the rendezvous point. Dawn on 23 February found the troops of the 1st Division at the selected crossing place on
1515:
River where both armies would remain immobile on 19–23 February. This was far enough east so that the French army could not easily interfere with Allied operations against Bayonne. Wellington planned for Hope's corps to cross the Adour near its mouth—that is, downstream from Bayonne—and invest the
1846:
in 1813. (4) When the commander believes that terrain that was not part of the original fortress can be seized and fortified. According to Oman, none of the four situations applied to the Bayonne sortie. Thouvenot was not attempting to break out, nor did he have any chance of driving away Hope's
1759:
suggested that the Allies' unusual 1:3 killed-to-wounded ratio could be due to most of the 233 recorded as captured having been wounded, then taken prisoner when the picket lines were overrun. The French reported losing 11 officers and 100 men killed, 42 officers and 736 men wounded, and 16 men
1717:
were taken by surprise and soon overwhelmed. The eastern-most column from Saint-Esprit assaulted the village of Saint-Étienne. The French captured the barricaded houses one by one and Hay was killed vainly defending the village church. Saint-Étienne was rapidly seized except one building where
1571:
on 10 April. The Spanish troops at Bayonne were distributed as follows. From Freire's 4th Army, España's 2nd Division (3,963) was at Bayonne; half of Del Barco's 3rd Division (4,991) was at Bayonne and half was at Toulouse; half of Porlier's 5th Division (3,729) was at Bayonne and half was at
1730:
With Hope a prisoner, the task of organizing resistance fell to subordinates. Warned by the French deserter, Hinuber had placed his five KGL battalions on high alert that night. Hinuber, who acted on his own initiative, rallied the troops and launched a counter-attack with the support of two
1677:
and exchanged goods and letters. On 10 April, the same day as the Battle of Toulouse, Hope reported to Wellington that he did not plan to start digging siege parallels until 27 April. Also on 10 April, Hope received information that Napoleon had been deposed, but decided not to share it with
1599:
and several gunboats. At 11:00 am, Hope boldly began sending his troops across the Adour, using five small boats. Securing a hawser to both banks, the British were able to send soldiers across in 50-man rafts. By 5:00 pm, five companies of British Guards and two companies of riflemen of the
1383:
on 4 April had reached the opposing forces. Thouvenot's reasons for initiating the sortie are not clear; there was apparently nothing for the French to gain by fighting. After initial success for the French, Allied forces drove them back inside Bayonne with heavy losses on both sides.
1825:
Oman considered that there are four situations in which the governor of a besieged fortress might justifiably attack the besiegers. (1) If the commander sees that surrender is inevitable, but there is a chance for the garrison to escape. This was successfully carried out by
1705:
brigade of the 5th Division was posted to the west at Le Boucau, to defend the bridge of boats. However, the pickets of Hay's brigade were deployed at Saint-Étienne, between the brigades of Stopford and Hinuber, and Hay was general officer of the day.
1472:. In fact, Wellington had no intention of crossing the Adour upstream from Bayonne. Instead, he planned to move two corps to the east in order to draw Soult away from Bayonne. With Soult's main army out of the way, the corps of
1847:
corps. Thouvenot could not try to damage the siege works because no batteries were armed with cannons. Finally, Thouvenot did not intend to hold any ground outside the fortress. The sortie was a pointless and costly exercise.
1433:
so as long as the bad weather persisted. He pointed out that ordering his army to march in heavy rains would be "a useless waste of men". The static situation continued until mid-February 1814. Obeying orders from Emperor
1774:'s headquarters where the documents were immediately accepted as legitimate; Suchet submitted to the new government and requested an armistice from Wellington. On 17 April, after Soult received a message from Marshal
1764:
credited Hope's corps with 29,500 troops while Oman wrote that Hope had 31,000 at the end of February. Late on 12 April 1814, two officers, one French and one British, arrived at Wellington's headquarters at
1727:
officers were wounded and captured. French guns mounted in the citadel shelled the area indiscriminately and ineffectually. Meanwhile, French sappers began demolishing barricades and loopholed buildings.
1527:
Thouvenot's French infantry consisted of the 5th and 27th Light Infantry Regiments, and the 64th, 66th, 82nd, 94th, 95th, 119th and 130th Line Infantry Regiments. Hope's 29,500-man corps included
1648:(KGL) battalions sustained 328 casualties in the struggle, while the French lost 55 killed, 103 wounded, and 30–40 captured. Also on 27 February, Wellington's army defeated Soult's army at the
1838:
in 1808. (3) If the commander sees that the besieging force is making progress, he can launch a sortie for the purpose of wrecking the siege works and damaging the artillery. This was done by
752:
1579:
1329:
1693:
On the north bank of the Adour, the Allies were deployed as follows, from left (east) to right flank (west): Bradford's brigade at the settlement of Hayet on the river above Bayonne,
1678:
Thouvenot until he received permission from Wellington. Nevertheless, this information leaked into Bayonne and an increasing number of French deserters came into the Allied lines.
580:
1499:
to reinforce the garrison of Bayonne, raising its strength to 14,000 men, Soult's field army counted 32,000 infantry and 3,800 cavalry. On 19 February, Wellington rode back to
987:
1532:
1186:
745:
1612:, but incredibly, Thouvenot made no serious attempt to wipe out the 500 British troops on the north bank. Instead, the citadel commander sent about 700 infantry to
343:
1786:
the 17 April armistice and the message that Soult submitted to the new government. This compelled Thouvenot to hand the fortress of Bayonne over to the British.
40:
1576:'s Army of the Reserve of Andalusia, Virue's 1st Division (5,008) and Juan Creagh's 2nd Division (4,286) were ordered to march to Bayonne in late February.
3028:
1552:
957:
900:
738:
573:
1114:
665:
1121:
672:
1452:
River upstream (east) of the city. To prevent this move, the French marshal posted three divisions on the north bank of the Adour between Bayonne and
851:
4585:
1176:
4959:
4909:
4882:
1834:
in 1811. (2) When the commander believes that an attack will drive away the besiegers. This was successfully done by the Spanish garrison at the
566:
4964:
4949:
4580:
336:
2897:
245:
226:
209:
149:
1868:
Smith's order of battle listed Andrew Hay's brigade of 5th Division, but omitted Colville's other two brigades and Vandeleur's cavalry.
1544:
2825:
1495:
began moving east. Between his two corps, Wellington's army numbered 42,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry. After sending the division of
2845:
2705:
1492:
1827:
1681:
4490:
1408:
308:
4852:
4510:
2887:
1479:
By 14 February 1814, the weather cleared and Wellington's troops began moving east, prompting the French to fall back behind the
1445:
against the Allied army. This effort failed and Allied troops moved about in relative security within occupied French territory.
329:
292:
4934:
1605:
1540:
1460:, which runs south to north. A line of cavalry outposts connected the divisions on the Joyeuse to the French-held fortress of
4710:
4610:
4530:
1528:
380:
1635:
By dawn of 24 February, more Anglo-Allied soldiers made it across to the north bank and the flotilla of luggers and several
1476:
would lay siege to Bayonne. Wellington began moving his cavalry regiments from their winter pastures in Spain to the front.
4415:
1438:
1207:
1181:
510:
363:
801:
76:
4944:
4505:
2947:
762:
4143:
417:
4786:
3387:
2805:
2646:
878:
4939:
4705:
4700:
4685:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4525:
4500:
4128:
2957:
2617:
2568:
2546:
2524:
2505:
2486:
2467:
2448:
2429:
1702:
231:
1713:
and Bellevue, while the main assault which numbered over 3,000 men, was launched north from the citadel. The Allied
4954:
4715:
4570:
4550:
3059:
4575:
2830:
856:
4791:
4620:
4495:
3851:
3256:
1473:
1372:
214:
1567:'s 10,000 Spanish troops; these soldiers were later sent away to join Wellington's army in time to fight at the
4831:
4515:
4460:
4455:
3811:
3689:
3332:
3210:
3033:
2587:
1029:
1009:
830:
823:
4897:
4887:
4857:
3518:
2810:
2698:
1104:
999:
655:
449:
4465:
4198:
4097:
3765:
982:
491:
4877:
4615:
3790:
3538:
3453:
3165:
2877:
1064:
1044:
1024:
811:
444:
375:
172:
3916:
3618:
3352:
3306:
3301:
3074:
3018:
2733:
844:
3230:
1221:
4984:
4969:
4862:
4673:
4555:
4289:
3694:
3578:
3281:
3013:
2835:
2761:
2747:
2726:
1214:
4595:
4420:
3987:
2608:
Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007
1496:
202:
4756:
4425:
4218:
3997:
3941:
3891:
3770:
3523:
3503:
3347:
3296:
3271:
3200:
3180:
3099:
3000:
2754:
2659:
1568:
1262:
1158:
1069:
766:
719:
614:
542:
4012:
3643:
3623:
3433:
3119:
2855:
1843:
1089:
861:
730:
637:
469:
4751:
4535:
4375:
4193:
3992:
3936:
3931:
3866:
3795:
3663:
3563:
3402:
3342:
3190:
2691:
1775:
1573:
1564:
1084:
816:
631:
485:
4450:
4123:
3458:
390:
4974:
4801:
4470:
4324:
3896:
3816:
3704:
3573:
3558:
3493:
3488:
3261:
3195:
3089:
2972:
2441:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopaedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015
1709:
The attack was delivered in mass at 3:00 am on a moonless night. A feint attack was made against
1645:
1461:
1079:
1034:
967:
927:
796:
626:
4776:
4062:
4027:
3114:
4836:
4796:
4781:
4761:
4736:
4590:
4334:
4249:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4183:
4173:
4077:
4032:
4017:
3548:
3266:
3170:
3145:
3104:
3054:
3038:
1835:
1743:
1365:
1322:
1133:
1094:
910:
890:
791:
689:
644:
517:
502:
496:
474:
439:
4741:
3428:
4540:
4440:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4244:
4133:
4057:
4047:
3881:
3821:
3750:
3583:
3533:
3468:
3463:
3140:
2967:
2850:
1401:
1054:
895:
806:
684:
407:
401:
3473:
3069:
1019:
4821:
4771:
4385:
4274:
4264:
4239:
4138:
4072:
3886:
3876:
3856:
3836:
3745:
3725:
3603:
3397:
3322:
3124:
2675:
1790:
1771:
962:
454:
412:
370:
45:"The Sortie from Bayonne, at 3 in the Morning, on the 14th April 1814" by Thomas Sutherland
4445:
3699:
3568:
3508:
3407:
3337:
2479:
Voices from the Peninsula: Eyewitness Accounts by Soldiers of Wellington's Army, 1808-1814
1822:, and I have put a stop to the foolish demonstrations which might have taken place here".
922:
8:
4826:
4605:
4600:
4329:
4279:
4163:
4148:
4052:
3946:
3846:
3760:
3648:
3608:
3528:
3498:
3478:
3412:
3377:
3327:
3291:
3286:
3246:
3109:
3094:
3079:
3064:
3023:
2800:
1831:
1589:
1397:
1358:
1049:
977:
784:
434:
422:
197:
186:
161:
134:
4067:
3362:
3357:
3205:
1592:
were mounted in the masked battery and when they opened fire, they drove off the French
1556:
866:
4872:
4867:
4811:
4766:
4695:
4565:
4410:
4400:
4395:
4314:
4254:
4102:
4022:
3982:
3966:
3956:
3926:
3911:
3901:
3861:
3831:
3785:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3513:
3448:
3220:
3185:
3160:
2962:
2912:
2862:
2840:
2820:
2815:
2606:
1839:
1714:
1698:
1572:
Toulouse; artillery and sappers (965) were at Bayonne except for 200 at Toulouse. From
1429:
1404:
1369:
1298:
1143:
1109:
837:
699:
660:
527:
479:
3658:
3588:
3553:
3543:
1778:
that Napoleon had abdicated, Soult submitted and signed an armistice with Wellington.
905:
4188:
4158:
4118:
4092:
4082:
4037:
4007:
3961:
3906:
3826:
3775:
3755:
3740:
3730:
3709:
3653:
3613:
3438:
3372:
3367:
3225:
3155:
3008:
2927:
2922:
2613:
2583:
2564:
2542:
2520:
2501:
2482:
2463:
2444:
2425:
1701:'s Guards brigade at the hamlet of Saint-Bernard on the river below Bayonne. Most of
1500:
1442:
1310:
1138:
1074:
1039:
1004:
972:
952:
932:
871:
694:
620:
609:
522:
459:
429:
395:
385:
3679:
4979:
4746:
4630:
4430:
4269:
4168:
4153:
4002:
3951:
3871:
3780:
3735:
3684:
3598:
3483:
3392:
3382:
3276:
3215:
2977:
1694:
1649:
1560:
1536:
1512:
1488:
1361:
1286:
1274:
1153:
1148:
1014:
947:
942:
714:
704:
537:
532:
250:
235:
191:
4520:
2400:
1664:
1368:
against a besieging force of British, Portuguese, and Spanish troops commanded by
219:
4625:
4560:
4545:
4435:
4319:
4309:
4284:
4259:
4087:
3921:
3443:
3251:
3175:
3150:
2902:
2790:
2714:
2419:
1617:
1548:
1457:
1059:
937:
885:
770:
4892:
1789:
In fact, the Battle of Bayonne was not the last fighting of the Peninsular War.
1411:. Thouvenot continued to resist until Soult directly ordered him to observe the
4904:
4816:
4806:
4339:
4178:
4042:
3841:
3593:
2937:
2917:
2907:
2867:
2740:
2534:
1674:
1448:
Soult anticipated that Wellington might try to besiege Bayonne by crossing the
1350:
1202:
1099:
650:
590:
464:
32:
2952:
4928:
4380:
3084:
2942:
2872:
1752:
1453:
91:
78:
2932:
2768:
2556:
1756:
1484:
558:
4720:
4690:
4678:
4635:
4390:
1761:
1613:
1469:
1437:, Marshal Soult sent two infantry divisions and half his cavalry to the
1400:
but did not lift the siege, and on 17 April the French field army under
4405:
1809:
1636:
1376:
1794:
1719:
1623:
1601:
1412:
760:
321:
1798:
4370:
1819:
1766:
1723:
1593:
1547:'s Independent British Brigade (1,900), the Portuguese brigades of
1511:
By 18 February, Soult's field army had been pushed back behind the
1465:
1434:
1380:
156:
2683:
1609:
1480:
1354:
66:
2264:
2262:
2641:
1710:
1517:
70:
2237:
2235:
1797:. On 16 April, Habert sent a column to forage for supplies in
1441:. Soult tried to motivate the local French civilians to start
2259:
1782:
1503:
to see how the plans for his next operation were proceeding.
1456:. With four additional divisions, Soult held the line of the
1449:
1392:
167:
1755:
Hay, 455 wounded and 233 captured including Hope. Historian
1751:
The Allies lost 838 men, 150 of whom were killed, including
2232:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2057:
2055:
1563:'s light cavalry brigade. Hope's corps was soon joined by
1391:
by mounting a complex land-sea operation that bridged the
2096:
2094:
1920:
1781:
After the 14 April battle, Colville sent Thouvenot some
2539:
Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14: Wellington invades France
2376:
2352:
2313:
2184:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2106:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
1898:
1896:
1616:
at dusk; these troops were hit by an accurate salvo of
2330:
2328:
2279:
2277:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2174:
2172:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1944:
2289:
2247:
2091:
1982:
1980:
2421:
Combats franco-anglais des Guerres du Premier Empire
2340:
2142:
2118:
2079:
2067:
1908:
1893:
1881:
1604:
were on the north bank with their brigade commander
2364:
2325:
2301:
2274:
2213:
2201:
2169:
2004:
1992:
1956:
2605:
2498:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
2399:
1977:
1932:
2460:Napoleon, France and Waterloo: The Eagle Rejected
1491:. On 16 February, Wellington's other corps under
4926:
1396:sortie. The fighting of 14 April involved heavy
140:
4883:England expects that every man will do his duty
2402:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
1722:held out and the walled Jewish cemetery on the
1697:'s KGL brigade, Stopford's Guards brigade, and
2563:. Vol. 7. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole.
1349:(14 April 1814), the last major battle of the
2699:
1608:. The French had 2,700 soldiers in Bayonne's
1375:. It was fought after unofficial news of the
746:
574:
337:
1487:'s corps defeated a French division at the
588:
2706:
2692:
2561:A History of the Peninsular War Volume VII
2438:
2268:
1793:and a French garrison continued to defend
753:
739:
581:
567:
344:
330:
39:
2533:
2195:
299:
2476:
2241:
1808:
1742:
1680:
1663:
1622:
1578:
1506:
1409:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
125:
2612:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.
2457:
2253:
1468:. Soult's headquarters were located at
679:Campaign in south-west France 1813–1814
4960:Military history of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
4927:
3029:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2514:
2417:
2397:
2295:
2124:
2100:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1887:
1828:Antoine François Brenier de Montmorand
351:
4711:Spanish American wars of independence
2687:
2577:
2495:
2346:
2151:
2085:
2073:
1971:
1583:The bridge of boats across the Adour.
1353:, ensued when the French garrison of
734:
562:
325:
16:1814 battle during the Peninsular War
4950:Battles involving the United Kingdom
2555:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2334:
2319:
2307:
2283:
2226:
2207:
2178:
2163:
2136:
2112:
2061:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1950:
1938:
1770:French officer proceeded to Marshal
917:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811
845:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
4696:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
2713:
13:
2597:
14:
4996:
2634:
2582:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Greenhill.
1559:'s Spanish Division (4,000). and
4571:Frederick William III of Prussia
4551:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2640:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1227:
1220:
1213:
879:Second invasion of Portugal 1809
298:
291:
244:
225:
218:
208:
196:
185:
166:
155:
142:
127:
4965:History of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
4691:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
4621:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
4606:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4516:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4461:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
4456:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1862:
1842:'s French garrison during the
1:
4935:Battles of the Peninsular War
4631:Prince Charles John of Sweden
2580:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
2391:
1804:
1423:
1418:
1387:The Allies had initiated the
1208:Campaign in south-west France
785:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
604:Vitoria and the Pyrenees 1813
511:Campaign in south-west France
364:Campaign in north-east France
2604:Clodfelter, Micheal (2008).
2517:The Peninsular War 1807-1814
2439:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017).
2418:Castex, Jean-Claude (2013).
1738:
1439:campaign in northeast France
7:
2458:Esdaile, Charles J (2016).
824:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
26:Battle and Siege of Bayonne
10:
5001:
4945:Battles involving Portugal
4466:Frederick I of Württemberg
2836:Confederation of the Rhine
1830:'s French garrison at the
1631:is a replica chasse-marée.
4845:
4729:
4644:
4626:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
4616:William, Prince of Orange
4479:
4426:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
4359:
4352:
4232:
4111:
3975:
3804:
3718:
3672:
3421:
3315:
3239:
3133:
3047:
2999:
2990:
2886:
2787:
2778:
2755:French Invasion of Russia
2721:
2660:Battle of Toulouse (1814)
2541:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2515:Glover, Michael (2001) .
2443:(4 ed.). McFarland.
1659:
1407:signed an armistice with
780:
600:
359:
286:
269:
256:
178:
119:
49:
38:
30:
25:
4940:Battles involving France
4536:Archduke John of Austria
4531:Prince von Schwarzenberg
4376:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1850:
1776:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1565:Manuel Freire de Andrade
1545:Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer
1464:in the foothills of the
4955:Battles involving Spain
4471:Frederick VI of Denmark
4421:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3211:Greater Poland uprising
3034:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2398:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1497:Louis Jean Nicolas Abbé
1462:Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
838:War of the Oranges 1801
802:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
4591:Ferdinand VII of Spain
3039:Coronation of Napoleon
2477:Fletcher, Ian (2016).
1844:Siege of San Sebastián
1836:Second siege of Girona
1814:
1748:
1686:
1669:
1632:
1584:
312:Location within Europe
179:Commanders and leaders
4878:Conference of Dresden
4787:Paris (February 1812)
4716:Swedish–Norwegian War
4541:Alexander I of Russia
2578:Smith, Digby (1998).
2496:Gates, David (2002).
1812:
1746:
1684:
1667:
1626:
1582:
1507:Investment of Bayonne
1483:River. The next day,
270:Casualties and losses
4832:Fontainebleau (1814)
4386:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3307:Invasion of Portugal
2676:Battle of the Panaro
2649:at Wikimedia Commons
1791:Pierre-Joseph Habert
1772:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
1646:King's German Legion
1590:18-pounder long guns
1520:, (known locally as
1339: current battle
309:class=notpageimage|
92:43.50361°N 1.46750°W
4858:Bourbon Restoration
4601:Maria I of Portugal
4586:Prince of Hohenlohe
4576:Gebhard von Blücher
3519:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2826:Swiss Confederation
2481:. Frontline Books.
2385:, pp. 506–507.
2361:, pp. 503–504.
2322:, pp. 500–503.
2271:, pp. 156–157.
2244:, pp. 293–294.
2166:, pp. 508–509.
2139:, pp. 505–506.
2115:, pp. 504–505.
2064:, pp. 338–339.
2049:, pp. 336–337.
2037:, pp. 334–335.
2025:, pp. 332–333.
1953:, pp. 330–331.
1929:, pp. 313–315.
1832:Blockade of Almeida
1574:Pedro Agustín Girón
1398:hand-to-hand combat
1359:General of Division
857:Padrões de Teixeira
88: /
4873:Continental System
4868:Congress of Erfurt
4792:Paris (March 1812)
4566:Peter Wittgenstein
4491:Duke of Wellington
4446:Prince Poniatowski
4411:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4396:Auguste de Marmont
3791:Arroyo dos Molinos
3639:Walcheren Campaign
3629:Armistice of Znaim
3524:Dalmatian Campaign
3449:Tyrolean Rebellion
2669:Battle of Bayonne
1840:Louis Emmanuel Rey
1815:
1749:
1747:Duke of Wellington
1718:soldiers from the
1699:Peregrine Maitland
1687:
1670:
1633:
1585:
1569:Battle of Toulouse
1553:Archibald Campbell
1430:Battle of the Nive
1405:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
1379:of French emperor
1370:Lieutenant General
1025:Arroyo dos Molinos
402:Six Days' Campaign
353:Campaign of France
97:43.50361; -1.46750
4985:April 1814 events
4970:Conflicts in 1814
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4910:Types of military
4706:Russo-Turkish War
4701:Russo-Persian War
4669:Anglo-Turkish War
4664:Anglo-Swedish War
4659:Anglo-Spanish War
4654:Anglo-Russian War
4581:Duke of Brunswick
4484:political leaders
4364:political leaders
4348:
4347:
3353:Medina de Rioseco
3075:Haslach-Jungingen
3009:French Revolution
2986:
2985:
2769:Seventh Coalition
2682:
2681:
2672:Succeeded by
2647:Battle of Bayonne
2645:Media related to
2500:. Da Capo Press.
2462:. Pen and Sword.
1501:Saint-Jean-de-Luz
1493:William Beresford
1443:guerrilla warfare
1428:A week after the
1347:Battle of Bayonne
1195:
1194:
728:
727:
556:
555:
320:
319:
115:
114:
4992:
4686:Dano-Swedish War
4674:Anglo-Danish War
4526:Archduke Charles
4441:Jérôme Bonaparte
4357:
4356:
4290:Castel di Sangro
4199:Fère-Champenoise
3852:García Hernández
3766:Fuentes de Oñoro
3282:Guttstadt-Deppen
3019:Second Coalition
2997:
2996:
2978:French Royalists
2785:
2784:
2734:Fourth Coalition
2708:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2656:Preceded by
2653:
2652:
2644:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2611:
2593:
2574:
2552:
2530:
2511:
2492:
2473:
2454:
2435:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2182:
2176:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1869:
1866:
1813:Charles Colville
1695:Henry de Hinuber
1685:Pierre Thouvenot
1650:Battle of Orthez
1618:Congreve rockets
1561:Ormsby Vandeleur
1557:Carlos de España
1537:Charles Colville
1489:Battle of Garris
1389:siege of Bayonne
1362:Pierre Thouvenot
1338:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1128:France 1813-1814
983:Fuentes de Oñoro
943:Battle of Sobral
775:
773:
755:
748:
741:
732:
731:
595:
583:
576:
569:
560:
559:
497:2nd Saint-Dizier
492:Fère-Champenoise
440:2nd Bar-sur-Aube
381:1st Saint-Dizier
376:1st Bar-sur-Aube
354:
346:
339:
332:
323:
322:
302:
301:
295:
251:Henry de Hinuber
249:
248:
240:
230:
229:
222:
213:
212:
201:
200:
192:Pierre Thouvenot
190:
189:
171:
170:
160:
159:
152:
148:
146:
145:
137:
133:
131:
130:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4914:
4841:
4725:
4646:
4640:
4596:Miguel de Álava
4561:Pyotr Bagration
4556:Count Bennigsen
4546:Mikhail Kutuzov
4511:Thomas Cochrane
4483:
4481:
4475:
4436:Louis Bonaparte
4363:
4361:
4360:French and ally
4344:
4228:
4144:Château-Thierry
4107:
3971:
3942:Maloyaroslavets
3800:
3714:
3668:
3459:Yevenes/Yébenes
3417:
3333:Rosily Squadron
3311:
3235:
3201:Waren-Nossentin
3129:
3060:Cape Finisterre
3043:
3014:First Coalition
2992:
2982:
2889:
2882:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2774:
2762:Sixth Coalition
2748:Fifth Coalition
2727:Third Coalition
2717:
2715:Napoleonic Wars
2712:
2673:
2668:
2666:Napoleonic Wars
2657:
2637:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2603:
2600:
2598:Further reading
2590:
2571:
2549:
2535:Lipscombe, Nick
2527:
2508:
2489:
2470:
2451:
2432:
2408:
2406:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2275:
2269:Clodfelter 2017
2267:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1807:
1741:
1662:
1620:and retreated.
1606:Edward Stopford
1549:Thomas Bradford
1509:
1426:
1421:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1168:
1045:Salamanca Forts
994:Spain 1811-1813
988:Aldeia da Ponte
776:
772:Napoleonic Wars
771:
761:
759:
729:
724:
596:
594:1813–1814
593:
589:
587:
557:
552:
418:Château-Thierry
355:
352:
350:
316:
315:
314:
313:
311:
305:
304:
303:
281:
276:
243:
242:
236:
224:
223:
207:
195:
194:
184:
165:
164:
154:
153:
143:
141:
128:
126:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4975:1814 in France
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4905:Longwood House
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
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4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Count of Feira
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4506:Horatio Nelson
4503:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Marshal Victor
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:Arcis-sur-Aube
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Venta del Pozo
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Ciudad Rodrigo
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Ciudad Rodrigo
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
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3664:Alba de Tormes
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3259:
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3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Jena–Auerstedt
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
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2938:Ottoman Empire
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2910:
2905:
2900:
2898:United Kingdom
2894:
2892:
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2868:Ottoman Empire
2865:
2863:Denmark–Norway
2860:
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2848:
2843:
2833:
2828:
2823:
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2808:
2806:Polish Legions
2803:
2797:
2795:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2741:Peninsular War
2737:
2730:
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2719:
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2711:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2679:
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2635:External links
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2375:
2373:, p. 508.
2363:
2351:
2349:, p. 467.
2339:
2337:, p. 512.
2324:
2312:
2310:, p. 339.
2300:
2298:, p. 482.
2288:
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2229:, p. 511.
2212:
2210:, p. 510.
2200:
2196:Lipscombe 2014
2183:
2181:, p. 509.
2168:
2156:
2154:, p. 524.
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2103:, p. 335.
2090:
2088:, p. 500.
2078:
2076:, p. 454.
2066:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2013:, p. 563.
2003:
2001:, p. 319.
1991:
1989:, p. 340.
1976:
1974:, p. 525.
1955:
1943:
1941:, p. 329.
1931:
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1917:, p. 313.
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1892:
1890:, p. 311.
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1529:Kenneth Howard
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591:Peninsular War
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545:
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535:
530:
525:
520:
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513:
507:
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494:
489:
486:Arcis-sur-Aube
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
426:
425:
420:
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398:
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150:United Kingdom
138:
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111:Allied victory
109:
105:
104:
65:
63:
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58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
33:Peninsular War
28:
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15:
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4846:Miscellaneous
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4521:Manuel Lapeña
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4399:
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4381:Joachim Murat
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4325:Rocheserviere
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4013:San Sebastián
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3574:Sankt Michael
3572:
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3489:Teugen-Hausen
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2791:client states
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2709:
2704:
2702:
2697:
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2671:
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2664:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2621:
2619:9780786433193
2615:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2570:1-85367-227-0
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:Oman, Charles
2554:
2550:
2548:9781472802781
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2526:0-14-139041-7
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2507:0-306-81083-2
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2488:9781473884793
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2469:9781473870840
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2450:9780786474707
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2431:9782921668217
2427:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2396:
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2379:
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2367:
2360:
2355:
2348:
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2331:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2256:, p. 79.
2255:
2250:
2243:
2242:Fletcher 2016
2238:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2198:, p. 88.
2197:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2127:, p. 85.
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1753:Major General
1745:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1522:chasse-marées
1519:
1514:
1513:Gave d'Oloron
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:Joyeuse River
1455:
1454:Port-de-Lanne
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1330:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:San Sebastián
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Foz de Arouce
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
880:
877:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
835:
832:
829:
828:
825:
822:
821:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
782:
779:
774:
768:
767:Revolutionary
764:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
737:
736:
733:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
638:San Sebastián
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
592:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
564:
561:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
445:Gué-à-Tresmes
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
403:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
361:
358:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
327:
324:
310:
294:
285:
279:
274:
273:
268:
265:25,000–31,000
264:
261:
260:
255:
252:
247:
241:
239:
233:
228:
221:
216:
211:
206:
204:
199:
193:
188:
183:
182:
177:
174:
169:
163:
158:
151:
139:
136:
124:
123:
118:
110:
107:
106:
101:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
57:14 April 1814
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4893:Grande Armée
4853:Bibliography
4837:Paris (1815)
4797:Paris (1814)
4782:Paris (1810)
4762:Finckenstein
4737:Campo Formio
4496:Rowland Hill
4482:military and
4362:military and
4335:Rocquencourt
4223:
4204:Saint-Dizier
4174:Bar-sur-Aube
4129:Mincio River
3624:Schöngrabern
3403:2nd Zaragoza
3343:1st Zaragoza
3297:Stralsund II
3146:Campo Tenese
3120:Schöngrabern
3105:Cape Ortegal
3055:Diamond Rock
2933:Papal States
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2674:
2665:
2658:
2623:. Retrieved
2607:
2579:
2560:
2538:
2516:
2497:
2478:
2459:
2440:
2420:
2407:. Retrieved
2401:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2254:Esdaile 2016
2249:
2203:
2159:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2081:
2069:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1883:
1864:
1824:
1816:
1788:
1780:
1757:Charles Oman
1750:
1733:
1729:
1708:
1703:Andrew Hay's
1692:
1688:
1671:
1654:
1642:
1634:
1628:
1596:
1586:
1551:(1,600) and
1535:(6,800) and
1526:
1521:
1510:
1485:Rowland Hill
1478:
1447:
1427:
1388:
1386:
1346:
1344:
1163:
1105:Roncesvalles
938:Trant's raid
709:
656:Roncesvalles
643:
636:
619:
547:
501:
484:
450:Saint-Julien
400:
282:Siege: 2,000
277:Siege: 2,000
237:
120:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
4721:War of 1812
4679:Gunboat War
4636:Louis XVIII
4391:Jean Lannes
4305:Quatre Bras
4295:San Germano
4245:Occhiobello
4134:Champaubert
4124:La Rothière
4048:San Marcial
3932:2nd Polotsk
3897:1st Polotsk
3882:Majadahonda
3822:Villagarcia
3751:Campo Maior
3539:Piave River
3464:Ciudad Real
3454:Villafranca
3323:Dos de Mayo
3272:Stralsund I
3024:18 Brumaire
2958:Netherlands
2856:Württemberg
2519:. Penguin.
2296:Bodart 1908
2125:Castex 2013
2101:Glover 2001
1927:Glover 2001
1915:Glover 2001
1903:Glover 2001
1888:Glover 2001
1762:Digby Smith
1675:fraternized
1627:The lugger
1614:reconnoiter
1543:Divisions,
1541:5th British
1533:1st British
1470:Peyrehorade
1364:launched a
1065:Tordesillas
1055:Majadahonda
1035:3rd Badajoz
1010:2nd Badajoz
1000:1st Badajoz
978:2nd Almeida
928:1st Almeida
807:Villelongue
685:San Marcial
408:Champaubert
391:La Rothière
280:Battle: 838
275:Battle: 910
95: /
4929:Categories
4863:Casualties
4777:Schönbrunn
4752:Artlenburg
4501:John Moore
4406:Michel Ney
4275:Scapezzano
4265:Cesenatico
4209:Montmartre
4139:Montmirail
4073:Wartenburg
4028:Großbeeren
3887:Gorodechno
3877:Klyastitsy
3857:Saltanovka
3746:Casal Novo
3619:Hollabrunn
3604:Korneuburg
3398:Somosierra
3302:Copenhagen
3125:Austerlitz
3115:Dürenstein
2851:Westphalia
2794:and allies
2589:1853672769
2392:References
2347:Gates 2002
2152:Smith 1998
2086:Smith 1998
2074:Gates 2002
1972:Smith 1998
1805:Commentary
1637:Royal Navy
1424:Operations
1419:Background
1377:abdication
1070:San Millan
963:Casal Novo
797:2nd Boulou
615:San Millan
455:Laubressel
413:Montmirail
232:Andrew Hay
203:Louis Abbé
83:01°28′03″W
80:43°30′13″N
4827:Casalanza
4802:Tauroggen
4757:Pressburg
4742:Lunéville
4647:conflicts
4480:Coalition
4330:La Suffel
4280:Tolentino
4164:Montereau
4149:Vauchamps
4098:Bornhöved
4053:Dennewitz
3998:Tarragona
3947:Chashniki
3847:Salamanca
3771:Tarragona
3695:Barquilla
3649:Almonacid
3609:Stockerau
3579:Stralsund
3549:2nd Porto
3529:Ebelsberg
3499:Abensberg
3469:1st Porto
3429:Castellón
3413:Benavente
3378:Valmaseda
3292:Friedland
3287:Heilsberg
3257:Ostrołęka
3247:Mohrungen
3181:Magdeburg
3110:Amstetten
3095:Trafalgar
3080:Elchingen
3065:Wertingen
2963:Brunswick
2888:Coalition
2559:(1997) .
2383:Oman 1997
2371:Oman 1997
2359:Oman 1997
2335:Oman 1997
2320:Oman 1997
2308:Oman 1997
2284:Oman 1997
2227:Oman 1997
2208:Oman 1997
2179:Oman 1997
2164:Oman 1997
2137:Oman 1997
2113:Oman 1997
2062:Oman 1997
2047:Oman 1997
2035:Oman 1997
2023:Oman 1997
2011:Oman 1997
1999:Oman 1997
1987:Oman 1997
1951:Oman 1997
1939:Oman 1997
1876:Citations
1856:Footnotes
1795:Barcelona
1739:Aftermath
1720:38th Foot
1668:John Hope
1602:60th Foot
1555:(2,500),
1474:John Hope
1413:ceasefire
1373:John Hope
1050:Salamanca
923:River Côa
911:2nd Porto
896:1st Porto
435:Montereau
423:Vauchamps
215:John Hope
4898:Uniforms
4812:Chaumont
4730:Treaties
4431:Joseph I
4371:Napoleon
4315:Waterloo
4255:Casaglia
4219:Toulouse
4103:Sehested
4078:Bidassoa
4058:2nd Kulm
4043:1st Kulm
4033:Katzbach
4023:Sorauren
4018:Pyrenees
3983:Castalla
3967:Berezina
3957:Smoliani
3927:Tarutino
3912:Borodino
3902:Valutino
3892:Smolensk
3862:Ostrovno
3832:Maguilla
3796:Valencia
3786:Saguntum
3634:Talavera
3514:Ratisbon
3504:Landshut
3479:Bergisel
3474:Medellín
3388:Espinosa
3348:Valencia
3221:Czarnowo
3191:Pasewalk
3186:Prenzlau
3161:Saalfeld
3100:Caldiero
3070:Günzburg
2948:Sardinia
2923:Portugal
2537:(2014).
2424:. Lulu.
1820:Bordeaux
1767:Toulouse
1724:Bordeaux
1629:Corentin
1594:corvette
1466:Pyrenees
1435:Napoleon
1381:Napoleon
1252:Toulouse
1171:Overseas
1159:Toulouse
1134:Bidassoa
1110:Sorauren
1095:Pyrenees
1085:Pamplona
1020:El Bodón
958:Condeixa
901:Amarante
763:Portugal
720:Toulouse
690:Bidassoa
661:Sorauren
645:Pyrenees
632:Pamplona
543:Toulouse
518:Bidassoa
480:Limonest
257:Strength
162:Portugal
62:Location
4980:Bayonne
4645:Related
4224:Bayonne
4189:Craonne
4159:Mormant
4119:Brienne
4093:Nivelle
4083:Leipzig
4038:Dresden
4008:Vitoria
3993:Bautzen
3962:Krasnoi
3907:Mesoten
3867:Vitebsk
3827:Almaraz
3817:Badajoz
3776:Albuera
3761:Almeida
3756:Sabugal
3741:Redinha
3731:Barrosa
3710:Bussaco
3705:Almeida
3685:Astorga
3654:Tamames
3614:Gefrees
3569:Alcañiz
3509:Eckmühl
3439:Corunna
3408:Sahagún
3373:Zornoza
3368:Vimeiro
3338:Cabezón
3262:Kolberg
3231:Pułtusk
3226:Golymin
3216:Hamelin
3196:Stettin
3156:Schleiz
3001:Prelude
2993:battles
2968:Hanover
2913:Prussia
2903:Austria
2841:Bavaria
2821:Etruria
2816:Holland
2788:France,
2781:gerents
1715:pickets
1610:citadel
1518:luggers
1481:Bidouze
1402:Marshal
1357:led by
1355:Bayonne
1242:Bayonne
1237:30miles
1164:Bayonne
1139:Nivelle
1115:Lizasso
1075:Vitoria
1040:Almaraz
1005:Barrosa
973:Sabugal
953:Redinha
933:Bussaco
872:Vimeiro
817:Bascara
812:Capmany
765:in the
710:Bayonne
695:Nivelle
666:Lizasso
621:Vitoria
610:Morales
548:Bayonne
523:Nivelle
460:Craonne
430:Mormant
396:Lesmont
386:Brienne
238:†
67:Bayonne
4822:Mantua
4772:Cintra
4767:Tilsit
4747:Amiens
4285:Ancona
4270:Pesaro
4240:Panaro
4169:Orthez
4154:Garris
4068:Roßlau
4063:Göhrde
4003:Luckau
3988:Lützen
3952:Vyazma
3922:Burgos
3917:Moscow
3872:Kobryn
3781:Usagre
3736:Pombal
3726:Gebora
3599:Wagram
3559:Tarvis
3534:Girona
3494:Raszyn
3484:Sacile
3393:Tudela
3383:Burgos
3363:Roliça
3358:Bailén
3277:Mileto
3267:Danzig
3206:Lübeck
3171:Erfurt
3090:Verona
2973:Nassau
2953:Sweden
2943:Persia
2928:Sicily
2908:Russia
2890:forces
2873:Persia
2846:Saxony
2831:Naples
2801:France
2779:Belli-
2625:1 June
2616:
2586:
2567:
2545:
2523:
2504:
2485:
2466:
2447:
2428:
2409:2 June
1799:Gràcia
1711:Anglet
1660:Battle
1366:sortie
1337:
1182:Guiana
1154:Orthez
1149:Garris
1122:Buenza
1080:Tolosa
1060:Burgos
1015:Usagre
948:Pombal
886:Chaves
867:Roliça
792:Toulon
715:Orthez
705:Garris
673:Buenza
627:Tolosa
538:Orthez
533:Garris
262:14,000
234:
217:
147:
135:France
132:
108:Result
71:France
4888:Films
4320:Wavre
4310:Ligny
4300:Gaeta
4260:Ronco
4250:Carpi
4214:Paris
4184:Reims
4088:Hanau
3680:Cádiz
3659:Ocaña
3644:Ölper
3589:María
3554:Wörgl
3544:Grijó
3444:Valls
3434:Uclés
3328:Bruch
3252:Eylau
3176:Halle
3151:Maida
3141:Gaeta
2991:Major
2918:Spain
2878:Spain
2811:Italy
1851:Notes
1783:Paris
1597:Sapho
1450:Adour
1393:Adour
906:Grijó
891:Braga
862:Évora
852:Olhão
831:Malta
503:Paris
475:Reims
470:Mâcon
173:Spain
4817:Kiel
4807:Ried
4353:Info
4340:Issy
4233:1815
4179:Laon
4112:1814
3976:1813
3842:Ekau
3805:1812
3719:1811
3673:1810
3594:Graz
3584:Raab
3422:1809
3316:1808
3240:1807
3134:1806
3048:1805
2627:2021
2614:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2565:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2411:2021
1600:5th/
1345:The
1235:50km
1144:Nive
1100:Maya
769:and
700:Nive
651:Maya
528:Nive
465:Laon
371:Metz
54:Date
3837:Mir
3700:Côa
3085:Ulm
1539:'s
1531:'s
4931::
2327:^
2276:^
2261:^
2234:^
2215:^
2186:^
2171:^
2144:^
2093:^
2054:^
1979:^
1958:^
1895:^
1652:.
1415:.
69:,
2707:e
2700:t
2693:v
2629:.
2592:.
2573:.
2551:.
2529:.
2510:.
2491:.
2472:.
2453:.
2434:.
2413:.
1317:1
1305:2
1293:3
1281:4
1269:5
1257:6
1247:7
1205::
754:e
747:t
740:v
582:e
575:t
568:v
345:e
338:t
331:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
