466:
604:
498:
564:
532:
592:
548:
210:
576:
202:
482:
1833:
48:
497:
312:) rode on horseback. Because of their lack of discipline, they were not capable of undertaking major military operations, but were useful for other tasks such as reconnaissance and outpost duty. However, their uncertain temper occasionally made it necessary for the Ottoman regular troops to disarm them by force.
465:
302:, caused mainly by the Empire's wide expanse required a heavier reliance on irregular soldiers. They were armed and maintained by the government, but did not receive pay and did not wear uniforms or distinctive badges. They were motivated to fight mostly by expectations of
603:
758:
he faintest stirrings would unloose a whirling of janissaries and spahis and later on, and perhaps the worst, bashi-bazouks. They adorned the towns with avenues of gibbets, the burnt villages with pyramids of heads and the roadsides with impaled
425:
The bashi-bazouks were notorious for being violently brutal and undisciplined, thus giving the term its second, colloquial meaning of "undisciplined bandit" in many languages. A notable example of this use is in the comic series
290:. Bashi-bazouks had a reputation for being undisciplined and brutal, notorious for looting and preying on civilians as a result of a lack of regulation and of the expectation that they would support themselves off the land.
563:
531:
1862:
949:
591:
1892:
547:
413:
The term "bashibozouk" has also been used for a mounted force, existing in peacetime in various provinces of the
Ottoman Empire, which performed the duties of
1707:
575:
459:
in
Ottoman Macedonia, these troops burned 119 villages and destroyed 8400 houses, and over 50,000 Bulgarian refugees had to flee into the mountains.
1669:
942:
410:. The use of bashi-bazouks was abandoned by the end of the 19th century. However, self-organized bashi-bazouk troops still appeared later.
1872:
935:
298:
Although the
Ottoman armies always contained irregular troops such as mercenaries as well as regular soldiers, the strain on the Ottoman
703:
1366:
1005:
1867:
1415:
1887:
1067:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
921:
864:
834:
807:
782:
481:
1373:
1733:
998:
1857:
1712:
993:
456:
399:
170:
906:
751:
1293:
1328:
1010:
966:
1405:
731:. Vol. V, fascicules 79–80. Translated by Gibb, H. A. R. (new ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 35ff.
1410:
1361:
1057:
638:
1072:
1062:
31:
1123:
514:
of two
Bulgarian women in a church by one African-looking and two Turkish-looking bashi-bazouks, during the
1780:
1351:
1249:
1138:
17:
391:
1654:
1077:
643:
1229:
1052:
1440:
1435:
1335:
1047:
988:
1128:
1836:
1717:
1015:
428:
225:
1303:
1298:
1288:
538:
214:
56:
1637:
1632:
1318:
1188:
1163:
1158:
1040:
1030:
1025:
1020:
160:
582:
1445:
1219:
1148:
1133:
444:
824:
772:
209:
1792:
1738:
1310:
403:
1234:
697:
1814:
1799:
1743:
1422:
1400:
1244:
554:
1209:
1168:
890:
8:
1809:
1760:
1517:
1264:
1224:
1214:
610:
507:
452:
1557:
1804:
1787:
1755:
1567:
1562:
1522:
1507:
1457:
1183:
1093:
1035:
407:
263:
134:
1239:
1103:
1577:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1512:
1395:
1269:
1254:
927:
917:
902:
860:
830:
803:
778:
747:
353:
1118:
1882:
1877:
1602:
1587:
1537:
1323:
1193:
1143:
1113:
1108:
1098:
633:
488:
242:
76:
352:
Soldiers of subject, protectorate, or allied states (the most important being the
1748:
1659:
1649:
1607:
1572:
1547:
1495:
1472:
1427:
1178:
1173:
1153:
875:
854:
448:
433:
139:
201:
1770:
1642:
1597:
1592:
1500:
1259:
826:
Humanitarian
Intervention in the Long Nineteenth Century: Setting the Precedent
515:
472:
440:
372:
279:
165:
155:
129:
116:
94:
359:
Bashi-bazouks, who usually did not receive regular salaries and lived off loot
1851:
692:
299:
443:(1876) was carried out by thousands of bashi-bazouks sent to quell a local
267:
414:
376:
275:
232:
1452:
364:
1775:
1765:
1467:
1388:
1378:
1356:
898:
624:
395:
368:
326:
271:
306:. Though the majority of troops fought on foot, some troops (called
696:
334:
321:
190:
90:
569:
An
Albanian bashi-bazouk painted by Jean-Léon Gérôme in the 1860s.
278:
as bashi-bazouks, but recruits came from all ethnic groups of the
629:
384:
303:
185:
112:
47:
1462:
901:): Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
380:
341:
308:
287:
283:
180:
175:
887:, 1500–1700 by Rhoads Murphey. London : UCL Press, 1999.
597:
An
African bashi-bazouk, painted by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1860s.
822:
511:
349:
lit. armed, man-at-arms), but other kinds were also present
660:
658:
447:. Likewise, bashi-bazouks perpetrated the massacres of
957:
670:
655:
345:(lit. "fiefed cavalry") and their retainers (called
270:, raised in times of war. The army chiefly enlisted
1863:
Military units and formations of the
Ottoman Empire
856:
581:A bashi-bazouk contemplating his loot. Painting by
398:bashi-bazouks in favor of his regular forces began
257:one whose head is turned, damaged head, crazy-head
1849:
332:Provincial soldiers, which were fiefed (Turkish
1893:Persecution of Christians in the Ottoman Empire
537:An Albanian bashi-bazouk in Egypt. Painting by
432:, where the word is often used as an insult by
262:, roughly "leaderless" or "disorderly") was an
943:
770:
315:The Ottoman army consisted of the following:
707:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
687:
685:
420:
247:
1713:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
950:
936:
829:. Oxford University Press. pp. 185–.
325:, which were salaried, most notable being
205:A group of bashi-bazouks, Ottoman postcard
46:
1367:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
873:
682:
676:
764:
727:Inalcık, Halil (1979). "Khosrew Pasha".
691:
208:
200:
853:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor, ed. (1993).
852:
726:
664:
609:Two captured bashi-bazouks, painted by
14:
1850:
823:Alexis Heraclides; Ada Dialla (2015).
797:
741:
319:The Sultan's household troops, called
931:
912:Montgomery, Viscount Bernard (1968).
877:The Remininiscences of a Bashi-bazouk
777:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 168–.
293:
241:
27:Irregular soldier of the Ottoman army
523:
229:
802:. USA: Penguin Books. p. 205.
24:
1873:19th century in the Ottoman Empire
958:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
402:which led to the establishment of
25:
1904:
1832:
1831:
916:, The World Publishing Company.
602:
590:
574:
562:
546:
530:
496:
480:
464:
774:Running for the Hills: A Memoir
771:Horatio Clare (11 March 2008).
471:Bashi-bazouks carrying out the
53:Albanian Bashi-Bazouk Chieftain
1868:Mercenary units and formations
816:
791:
742:Fermor, Patrick Leigh (2013).
735:
720:
711:
639:Military of the Ottoman Empire
457:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising
171:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
1888:Ottoman period in the Balkans
1063:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
649:
553:Drawing of a bashi-bazouk by
487:Bashi-bazouks' atrocities in
32:Bashi-bazouk (disambiguation)
338:), the most important being
233:
7:
1374:Declaration of Independence
746:. John Murray. p. 21.
618:
213:An African bashi-bazouk by
10:
1909:
874:Vizetelly, Edward (1897).
846:
729:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
644:Military history of Turkey
29:
1858:Turkish words and phrases
1827:
1726:
1668:
1625:
1618:
1485:
1344:
1278:
1202:
1086:
1078:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
981:
974:
963:
504:The Bulgarian Martyresses
455:in 1914. During the 1903
421:Reputation and atrocities
148:
122:
108:
100:
86:
72:
64:
45:
1329:1912 – 13
1324:1478 – 79
1304:1477 – 78
1294:1466 – 67
1016:1843 – 44
1011:1432 – 36
632:, irregular horsemen in
429:The Adventures of Tintin
392:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
282:, including slaves from
717:Montgomery 1968, p. 246
704:Encyclopædia Britannica
161:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1734:Bosnia and Herzegovina
989:Skanderbeg's rebellion
798:Glenny, Misha (2012).
383:were bashi-bazouks in
217:
206:
87:Founding location
1053:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
1048:Albanian–Venetian War
212:
204:
37:Criminal organization
1423:Partition of Albania
1352:Albanian Renaissance
1068:Mehmed II's campaign
914:A History of Warfare
698:"Bashi-Bazouk"
583:Émile Vernet-Lecomte
555:Francis Davis Millet
506:(1877), painting by
243:[baʃɯboˈzuk]
30:For other uses, see
1058:Ballaban's campaign
999:Macedonian campaign
611:Vasily Vereshchagin
508:Konstantin Makovsky
42:
994:Italian expedition
880:. J.W. Arrowsmith.
634:18th-century India
408:Khedivate of Egypt
294:Origin and history
218:
207:
135:Khedivate of Egypt
40:
1845:
1844:
1823:
1822:
1481:
1480:
922:978-0-688-01645-6
866:978-90-04-08265-6
836:978-0-7190-8990-9
809:978-0-14-242256-4
784:978-0-7432-7428-9
524:Depictions in art
199:
198:
101:Years active
16:(Redirected from
1900:
1835:
1834:
1623:
1622:
1006:Albanian revolts
979:
978:
952:
945:
938:
929:
928:
881:
870:
841:
840:
820:
814:
813:
795:
789:
788:
768:
762:
761:
739:
733:
732:
724:
718:
715:
709:
708:
700:
689:
680:
674:
668:
662:
606:
594:
578:
566:
550:
539:Jean-Léon Gérôme
534:
500:
489:Ottoman Bulgaria
484:
468:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
245:
240:
236:
231:
215:Jean-Léon Gérôme
57:Jean-Léon Gérôme
50:
43:
39:
21:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1819:
1722:
1664:
1614:
1477:
1473:Vithkuqi script
1458:Skanderbeg myth
1432:Principalities
1416:North Macedonia
1340:
1274:
1198:
1082:
970:
959:
956:
885:Ottoman warfare
867:
849:
844:
837:
821:
817:
810:
796:
792:
785:
769:
765:
754:
744:The Broken Road
740:
736:
725:
721:
716:
712:
690:
683:
675:
671:
663:
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652:
621:
614:
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586:
579:
570:
567:
558:
551:
542:
535:
526:
519:
501:
492:
485:
476:
469:
434:Captain Haddock
423:
394:to disband his
296:
266:soldier of the
259:
256:
253:
250:
238:
226:Ottoman Turkish
195:
144:
140:Crimean Khanate
60:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1781:Western Thrace
1778:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
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1540:
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1527:
1526:
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1504:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
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1420:
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1418:
1413:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1371:
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1369:
1359:
1354:
1348:
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1338:
1333:
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1308:
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1199:
1197:
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1126:
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1088:
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1083:
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1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
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996:
985:
983:
976:
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971:
964:
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947:
940:
932:
926:
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910:
888:
882:
871:
865:
848:
845:
843:
842:
835:
815:
808:
790:
783:
763:
752:
734:
719:
710:
695:, ed. (1911).
693:Chisholm, Hugh
681:
677:Vizetelly 1897
669:
667:, p. 670.
653:
651:
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647:
646:
641:
636:
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573:
571:
568:
561:
559:
552:
545:
543:
536:
529:
525:
522:
521:
520:
516:April Uprising
510:depicting the
502:
495:
493:
486:
479:
477:
473:Batak massacre
470:
463:
441:Batak massacre
422:
419:
390:An attempt by
373:Crimean Tatars
361:
360:
357:
350:
330:
295:
292:
280:Ottoman Empire
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
166:British Empire
163:
158:
156:Russian Empire
152:
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
130:Ottoman Empire
126:
124:
120:
119:
117:Eastern Europe
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
95:Ottoman Empire
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
51:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1905:
1894:
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1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:Grand Viziers
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
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1579:
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1574:
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1564:
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1556:
1554:
1551:
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1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
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1493:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
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1426:
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1421:
1417:
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1412:
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1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
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1394:
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1387:
1385:
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1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
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1358:
1355:
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1327:
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1322:
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1317:
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1300:
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1295:
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1290:
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1271:
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1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:Congregations
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
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1162:
1160:
1157:
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1147:
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1142:
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1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
980:
977:
973:
969:
968:
962:
953:
948:
946:
941:
939:
934:
933:
930:
923:
919:
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41:Bashi-bazouks
33:
19:
1703:20th century
1698:19th century
1693:18th century
1688:17th century
1683:16th century
1678:15th century
1638:Islamization
1396:Mësonjëtorja
1384:Bashi-Bazouk
1383:
1345:Other events
1073:Morea revolt
965:
913:
894:
891:Özhan Öztürk
884:
876:
855:
825:
818:
799:
793:
773:
766:
757:
743:
737:
728:
722:
713:
702:
672:
665:Houtsma 1993
503:
451:in 1898 and
438:
427:
424:
412:
404:Muhammad Ali
389:
362:
346:
339:
333:
320:
314:
307:
297:
268:Ottoman army
222:bashi-bazouk
221:
219:
80:
68:17th century
52:
1727:Communities
1401:Nationalism
1362:Balkan Wars
1250:Manastir II
800:The Balkans
415:gendarmerie
400:the rioting
377:Muslim Roma
276:Circassians
73:Named after
18:Bashi-bozuk
1852:Categories
1643:Bektashism
1453:Rum Millet
1245:Manastir I
967:Background
650:References
365:Afro-Turks
230:باشی بوزوق
81:crazy-head
1793:Arbëreshë
1776:Souliotes
1766:Arvanites
1584:Vilayets
1508:Pashaliks
1486:Geography
1468:Stratioti
1441:Kastrioti
1436:Dukagjini
1389:Devshirme
1379:Janissary
1357:Armatoles
1336:Svetigrad
1164:Oranik II
1124:Martinići
982:Rebellion
899:Black Sea
895:Karadeniz
859:. BRILL.
625:Mercenary
445:rebellion
369:Albanians
327:Janissary
272:Albanians
264:irregular
234:başıbozuk
109:Territory
79:word for
1837:Category
1749:Arbanasi
1739:Bulgaria
1655:Nobility
1603:Manastir
1568:Monastir
1563:Ioannina
1529:Sanjaks
1496:Ioannina
1492:Eyalets
1315:Shkodër
1220:Dukagjin
1184:Torvioll
1159:Oranik I
1139:Mokra II
1094:Albulena
893:(2005).
759:corpses.
619:See also
613:, 1878.
396:Albanian
340:Timarli
322:Kapıkulu
191:Bulgaria
91:Istanbul
1883:Outlaws
1878:Robbers
1815:Ukraine
1800:Romania
1744:Croatia
1626:Culture
1619:Society
1608:Scutari
1588:Albania
1578:Scutari
1553:Elbasan
1543:Delvina
1533:Albania
1518:Scutari
1501:Rumelia
1406:Albania
1270:Prizren
1265:Preveza
1230:Frashër
1225:Elbasan
1169:Otonetë
1149:Novšiće
1134:Mokra I
1087:Battles
975:History
847:Sources
630:Pindari
585:, 1862.
557:, 1889.
541:, 1870.
453:Phocaea
385:Rumelia
354:Crimean
335:Tımarlı
304:plunder
251:
186:Romania
113:Balkans
104:Unknown
77:Turkish
65:Founded
59:, 1881.
1810:Turkey
1761:Greece
1718:Pashas
1670:People
1660:Tribes
1598:Kosovo
1593:Janina
1558:Görice
1538:Avlona
1523:Yanina
1463:Spahiu
1446:Muzaka
1428:Piracy
1411:Kosovo
1285:Krujë
1279:Sieges
1194:Vaikal
1189:Ulcinj
1144:Murino
1114:Lopate
1109:Kosovo
1099:Ankara
920:
905:
863:
833:
806:
781:
750:
449:Candia
381:Pomaks
379:, and
356:Khans)
347:cebelu
342:Sipahi
329:corps.
309:aḳıncı
288:Africa
284:Europe
181:Serbia
176:Greece
149:Rivals
123:Allies
1805:Syria
1788:Italy
1756:Egypt
1650:Kanun
1573:Ohrid
1548:Dibra
1513:Berat
1311:Berat
1240:Lezhë
1215:Dibra
1210:Dibër
1179:Savra
1174:Polog
1154:Ohrid
1129:Meçad
1104:Deçiq
363:Many
1771:Cham
1633:Besa
1319:1474
1299:1467
1289:1450
1260:Peja
1235:Kuçi
1119:Lumë
1041:1912
1036:1911
1031:1910
1026:1847
1021:1845
918:ISBN
903:ISBN
861:ISBN
831:ISBN
804:ISBN
779:ISBN
748:ISBN
512:rape
439:The
274:and
248:lit.
239:IPA:
1255:Mat
406:'s
286:or
55:by
1854::
756:.
701:.
684:^
657:^
436:.
417:.
387:.
375:,
371:,
367:,
246:,
237:,
228::
220:A
115:,
93:,
951:e
944:t
937:v
924:.
909:.
897:(
869:.
839:.
812:.
787:.
518:.
491:.
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260:'
254:'
224:(
34:.
20:)
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