959:
689:
2263:
677:
729:
720:
2515:
4038:
2828:
2814:
2684: "Ancient Well Tribute Liquor") is a traditional Chinese liquor made from water from a well in Bozhou, Anhui Province. The history began in Southern and Northern dynasty (AD196), people lived in Bozhou found that there was an old well that produced very clean and sweet, so they started using the water to produce the tea and grain wine. Then, it was famous in ancient China so people gave it to Emperor Xie Liu of Han as a tribute. It is produced by the Bozhou Gujinggongjiu Liquor Co., Ltd. at Anhui Province. It ranges from 38 to 50% alcohol by volume
2479:
1055:
2842:
950:
beliefs, especially in rural China, that consuming alcohol excessively equates to manliness and that one should not reject a serving offered by an elderly or higher-up. Many inexperienced
Chinese drinkers are persuaded to overdrink on such occasions. These experiences are commonly referred to as the reason for Baijiu's unpopularity among some. This negative association of Baijiu with extreme drinking culture can sometimes lead to fear of Baijiu in the younger generation or people who have yet to try the drink.
2800:
2786:
2569:(劉伶醉): Liulingzui originates from Wei and Jin dynasties. The wine is made by strictly following the traditional process of Five Utensils. Liulingzui has won a lot of prizes and awards: Special Gold Award of the Paris Exposition, the first batch of China Food Cultural Heritage, the first batch of China's Time-honored Brand, National Geographical Indication Products and the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units.
1718:
2720:): Yanghe Daqu began to flourish in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was presented as the tribute to Qing royals. After the founding of the country, the liquor was able to be enjoyed by citizens across the nation. Carrying on millennia of traditional craftsmanship, Yanghe Daqu uses only the highest quality sorghum as a base and only the best wheat, barley and peas as high-temperature fermenting agents.
853:, third-party commenters compared baijiu's aroma and taste profile to "jet fuel, kerosene, poison, nail polish remover, drain cleaner, Burgundy cheeses, and salty garbage water", and the tenor of these remarks was "representative of most English-language writing about baijiu at the time". Such descriptions have been harshly criticized by Western experts on baijiu as reflecting an uninformed
1827:
62:
1081:, but is also done purely for flavor. The practice of infusing spirits is a common practice. Baijiu has a distinctive smell and taste that is highly valued in Chinese culinary culture, and connoisseurs focus especially on its fragrance. This classification system began in 1952 and was updated in August 1979 at the third nationwide baijiu competition held in
2462:(瀘州老窖): Luzhou Laojiao is one of the most popular liquors in China, with the history extending over 400 years. It is known for the quality of its distillation along with its unique aroma and mouth-feel, the latter of which is due to the clay used within the brewing environment, which infuses the spirit with its taste.
958:
2270:
Baijiu are often distinguishable by distillery. The distinct aroma and taste profile is likely to be the specialty of that region. Therefore, often the name of the brand is the same as the name of the baijiu and the distillery. However, bigger brands tend to have a series of different types of baijiu
974:
Although most baijiu are priced similarly to other liquors with similar alcohol percentage, some high-end baijiu can be highly collectible due to the intricate skills and traditional artisanship involved in the making of baijiu, the age of the baijiu, or the rarity of the bottle etc. With the gifting
1045:
combined. As well as the most consumed liquor, with 1.2 billion nine-liter cases consumed in 2018, mostly in China – three times the global consumption of vodka. Outside of China it is gaining popularity, as seen with the sale of Ming River Baijiu in US and EU markets from late 2010s, a strong-aroma
949:
Chinese business culture is known to be intense. It is believed that one's true self is shown when intoxicated. Therefore, when negotiating a business partnership, there is a tradition of serving high-degree Baijiu on the dinner table, in order to judge one's trustworthiness. There are also folk
2453:
belongs to
Jiannan zone, so-called "Jiannanchun". Liquor-making water is from Mianzhu northwest of the rare plateau water. The underground mineral water here is not affected by any foreign bacteria and surface water, forming the natural weak alkaline mineral water with excellent
2282:
are the two biggest, particularly famous baijiu-making provinces, where numerous distilleries can be found. Below is a non-exhaustive list of relatively well-known Baijiu brands, grouped by place of origin, in descending order of popularity (semi-arbitrary and subjective).
1062:
In 2019, Australian sorghum exported to China accounted for approximately 78.3 percent of
Australia's total sorghum export market, which was valued at 29.9 million U.S. dollars. Exports of Australian sorghum to China are largely driven by demand for baijiu manufacture.
1986:
Throughout the evolutionary history of baijiu, numerous regional variations in alcohol production technique across the country have been incorporated into baijiu making. The practice of infusing alcohol with herbs, spices, fruits and other ingredients has its roots in
1076:
Throughout the evolutionary history of baijiu, numerous regional variations in alcohol production technique across the country have been incorporated into baijiu making. The practice of infusing alcohol with herbs, spices, fruits and other ingredients has its roots in
931:
In modern days, ceremonial parts of the etiquettes are ignored. Commonly with a group of friends or family, the host would initiate with "Cheers for...!" (为...干杯!), and then guests would finish their cups after clinking the glasses. Tasting is also appreciated.
1619:
A class of distilled liquor fermented in mud pits and aged in rattan containers. Liquors of this class have a fruity taste similar to strong-aroma baijiu, but also an earthier quality and an expanding finish. An example of this type of liquor is
1652:
A class of liquor distilled from sorghum, millet, or barley in stone pits with mud floors. Invented by the
Jingzhi Distillery in the 1950s, sesame aroma employs similar production techniques to sauce-aroma baijiu, and has a charred, nutty
2752:
rice liquor with over 100 years of history, made with steamed rice. After distillation, pork fat is stored with the liquor but removed before bottling. Its name probably derives from the brewing process: in
Cantonese, "jade"
975:
tradition in some areas of China, sometimes expensive baijiu could also be gifted instead of being consumed. There is a sizable market for high-end baijiu collection for the above reasons. For example, the highest grade of
2381:) is distilled seven times to produce a crisp, clear flavor. The authentic spirit is made from wheat and a red sorghum cultivated in China's agricultural heartland. Guotai uses an ancient Chinese distillation process.
3057:
Zheng, Xiao-Wei, et al. "Complex microbiota of a
Chinese " Fen" liquor fermentation starter ( Fen- Daqu), revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods." Food microbiology 31.2 (2012): 293–300.
3440:
1977:, made by distilling twice and three times respectively. Alcohol content by volume: 32% and 38–39% respectively. "Samshu" was the name by which most foreign travelers knew baijiu during the Qing dynasty.
1418:
A highly controversial profile – like it or hate it. Not recommended for beginners but highly recommended for experienced drinkers. Some consider it as funky. It is an acquired taste, like peaty whisky.
794:
By this time the proto-baijiu was likely to be only about 15% ABV as literature from the time recorded "bowls of alcohol consumed" suggesting that it must have been weaker than the modern form baijiu.
2322:. It is made from wheat and sorghum with a unique distilling process that involves seven iterations of the brewing cycle. This liquor became known to the world after winning a gold medal at the 1915
1006:
per volume. For example, Erguotou and Jiang
Xiaobai. Although some deride the low ends for their taste, they are more casually consumed with meals, or just when drinkers want to simply get drunk.
746:
No exact dates are known for the invention of the modern form baijiu as it likely emerged gradually with the development of distillery technology over a long period of time through history.
1738:
Other than by aroma, Baijiu can also differ by styles, production methods, ingredients etc. Regional varieties of Baijiu are often somewhat unique in flavor profile and production method.
801:(1271–1368), Middle Eastern distillery technology spread to China, which probably improved the existing distillery techniques, allowing for higher-degree distilled alcohol to be possible.
710:
which contains a specific microbiome that would develop their branded flavor profile. The troughs in which qu is cultured are traditionally an inseparable part of the distillery.
2608: "drunkard") is a clear distilled liquor made from spring water, sorghum, glutinous rice, and wheat. It is produced by the Hunan Jiugui Liquor Co., Ltd. in the town of
144:
light aroma, strong aroma, sauce aroma, rice aroma, phoenix aroma, mixed aroma, chi aroma, sesame aroma, medicine aroma, extra-strong aroma, special aroma, laobaigan, small
2541:) is an amalgamation of twelve distilleries, including the erguotou originator, Yuan Sheng Hao. It was issued the first business license in the People's Republic of China.
865:'s blandness is the only acceptable profile for clear distilled liquor. Baijiu can be compared to Western liquor with strong flavors and aromas, such as peaty whisky or
3256:
1594:
A class of distilled liquors that is a blend of two or more varieties of baijiu. As such, liquors of this class vary widely in their aroma, mouth-feel, and dryness.
2253:): Named "Royal Lotus", this is a variety of baijiu infused with a selection of twenty medicinal herbs. It was first produced for the Chinese royal family in 1790.
3007:
Xiaoqing Mu et al. Solid-State
Fermented Alcoholic Beverages, in Chen, Jian, and Yang Zhu, eds. Solid State Fermentation for Foods and Beverages. CRC Press, 2013.
1935:
that borrows techniques from local rice wine tradition. It is famous for the fragrant herbal addition, and the use of spring water from Mount Xiang in the region.
4026:
3648:
4232:
2417:(sorghum, rice, glutinous rice, corn, wheat) as its raw material, hence the name "Five-Grain Drink". The water which is used to brew Wuliangye is from the
2271:
as well as their signature baijiu. Beginners are recommended to try the signature baijiu of the brand first, to learn about their style of baijiu making.
4244:
2001:
941:
magazine mentioned integrating baijiu into cocktails, and in the years since several bars around the world have added baijiu to their cocktail programs.
2732:
2365:
4208:
2712:
2373:
3350:
4220:
3616:
2565:
1939:
4063:
2668:
2433:
2425:
992:
4122:
4085:
3116:
Huang, H. T. "Science and civilisation in China. Volume 6. Biology and biological technology. Part V: fermentations and food science." (2000).
4373:
4256:
1953:
1349:
4004:
3559:"Chemical Analysis of the Chinese Liquor Luzhoulaojiao by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry"
2765:
means 'ice', which describes the appearance of the pork fat floating in the liquor. Cantonese rice wine breweries prospered in the
Northern
2617:
3399:
4268:
3380:
2573:
4571:
2287:*Many other brands exist, but usually only produced, sold and consumed locally and therefore lesser-known and not included in the list.
1307:
Most alcohols of this aroma are distilled from sorghum, sometimes in combination with other grains, continuously fermented in mud pits.
777:
3132:
Huang et al. Chinese Wines: Jiu, in Hui, Yiu H., ed. Handbook of food science, technology, and engineering. Vol. 149. CRC press, 2006.
4339:
4285:
4019:
2696:
1896:
1746:
1699:
2262:
688:
2589:
2085:
1851:
676:
4307:
2077:
1296:
A class of distilled liquor that is sweet tasting and mellow, with a gentle lasting fragrance contributed by the high levels of
1788:"head of the second pot") is a variant of Qingxiang type baijiu. It is often inexpensive and thus particularly popular amongst
3458:
3936:
3834:
3808:
2204:
leaves, which gives the liquor a yellowish-green color and its name. Its alcohol content ranges between 38 and 46% by volume.
1867:(AD 550). Most commonly associated with the Xinghuacun Distillery, Fenjiu is a Qingxiang type sorghum baijiu fermented with
4012:
3323:
3751:
3665:
1561:. Medicine aroma is distilled from the combination of two separate pit-fermented sorghum mashes, one fermented with wheat
1271:
It has a clean sensation and a slight aroma, dominated by ethyl lactate with lesser flavor contributions by ethyl acetate.
3768:
3716:
3264:
2982:
728:
719:
3699:
3682:
3631:
3734:
6509:
3158:
3069:"PCR-DGGE Analysis of the Microbial Communities in Three Different Chinese" Baiyunbian" Liquor Fermentation Starters"
4538:
966:(Moutai) produced in 1998 has an estimated price range of HK$ 195,000–293,000 (US$ 25,000–37,600) in an auction in
3646:
3424:
1864:
3862:"Volatile Analysis of Wuliangye Baijiu by LiChrolut EN SPE Fractionation Coupled with Comprehensive GC×GC-TOFMS"
4609:
4564:
2925:
1965: "triple-distilled liquor", formerly known as "samshu"): Two varieties of Mixiang baijiu from the area of
979:
retails for CN¥26,800 (US$ 3,375). Top-tier baijiu are likely to be from traditional baijiu distillery such as
610:
606:
541:
373:
305:
3019:"Characterization and comparison of microbial community of different typical Chinese liquor Daqus by PCR–DGGE"
4034:
3358:
2274:
Due to its long history, almost every province in China has at least one regional specialty baijiu. However,
2158:
889:
at room temperature, in small cups or glasses, though drinkware varies by region. It is traditional to drink
533:
503:
474:
359:
4518:
4237:
3500:"Effect of the environment microbiota on the flavor of light-flavor Baijiu during spontaneous fermentation"
3187:
1988:
1078:
817:
Baijiu continued to evolve with the refinements of baijiu making techniques over the centuries until today.
810:
3860:
Zheng, Jia; He, Zhanglan; Yang, Kangzhuo; Liu, Zhipeng; Zhao, Dong; Qian, Michael C. (February 15, 2022).
2673:
1535:
and bottled at extremely high proof. Most often associated with the
Hengshui Ruitian (衡水瑞天) Distillery in
847:
Outside of East Asia, baijiu is widely regarded as an acquired taste. In response to one 2015 article in
4334:
2855:
1693:
A rice-based baijiu fermented in brick pits with big qu, it originates from the Si'te (四特) Distillery in
1359:
24:
3960:
2314:
Máotái): This liquor has a production history of over 200 years, and originally coming from the town of
1085:. Even so, during the competition, experts rated various baijiu based on their taste rather than aroma.
4068:
3994:
3242:
893:
with food rather than on its own, though it is often infused with fruit or medicinal herbs and spices.
432:
284:
3441:"The World's Most Consumed Alcohol Is One You Might Not Have Tried. But It's Coming to a Bar Near You"
2926:"The World's Most Consumed Alcohol Is One You Might Not Have Tried. But It's Coming to a Bar Near You"
6514:
4557:
4042:
3216:
2327:
2323:
6483:
4624:
3287:
4761:
3217:"You might not have heard much about baijiu, but just 1 sip of this powerful spirit will move you"
2907:
2103: "the tea baijiu") is a product of fairly recent origin. It consists of baijiu flavored with
1479:, the popular Chinese condiment made from fermented bean, this is a savory rice-based baijiu from
821:
Baijiu is characterized by solid-state fermentation and distillation using a grain culture called
4533:
4344:
4312:
4249:
4225:
2197:
2153:
1505:. Distilled from sorghum, rice, glutinous rice, wheat, and corn that has been fermented with big
2514:
923:
Note that the host should initiate and invite for a cup, and the guest should reply with a cup.
5960:
4709:
2351:
4843:
3148:
4639:
4302:
3610:
2108:
1396:
A fragrant distilled sorghum liquor of bold character, named for its similarity in flavor to
3788:
4714:
4629:
3570:
3511:
1397:
804:
The distillation technology matured as baijiu began to resemble its modern form around the
787:(960–1279) commerce and urbanization likely popularized alcohol consumption with a boom of
6369:
2398:
1991:
and herbology, but is also done purely for flavor. Infusing spirits is a common practice.
1407:
It is made from sorghum repeatedly fermented in stone brick pits. It has large amounts of
758:
with archaeological discoveries of alcoholic beverage containers belonging to that period.
8:
4736:
4724:
2418:
2346:
that, "if we drink enough Maotai, we can solve anything". Alcohol content by volume: 53%.
909:
Spill a moderate amount of baijiu in the cup onto the ground to show gratitude to nature.
5144:
3574:
3515:
2245:
2212:
2091:
1025:
10 U.S. gal) sold as of 2016, and 10.8 billion liters sold in 2018, more than
5164:
4634:
4580:
4493:
4478:
4378:
4356:
4273:
4261:
3942:
3896:
3861:
3793:
3593:
3558:
3534:
3499:
2963:
2946:
2478:
2036:
1789:
1671:
A style of baijiu distilled from sorghum that has been fermented with rice-based small
1234:
849:
828:
341:
333:
81:
6439:
6434:
6289:
6050:
2081:
flowers and crystal sugar syrup. Aged for more than one year. 30% alcohol by volume.
6194:
6177:
5727:
5514:
5454:
4644:
4508:
4329:
3946:
3932:
3901:
3883:
3598:
3539:
3154:
3090:
3040:
3035:
3018:
2749:
2636:
2164:
2013: "nectar of the rose"): A variety of baijiu distilled with a special species of
1730:
1194:
1054:
886:
765:(202 BC – 220 AD) with archeological finds of brick arts depicting distilling scenes.
660:
651:
569:
268:
260:
111:
6519:
6279:
6098:
6072:
5827:
5707:
4662:
4528:
4203:
3924:
3891:
3873:
3588:
3578:
3529:
3519:
3305:
3080:
3030:
2958:
2533:
2446:
1842:
1809:
1627:
1243:
628:
404:
225:
194:
3838:
3812:
2482:
Bottles of various brands and types of baijiu, from left to right: Sanhuajiu from
6504:
5837:
5811:
5742:
5717:
5682:
5631:
5571:
5154:
4619:
4614:
4523:
4498:
4483:
4404:
4280:
4162:
3772:
3755:
3738:
3720:
3703:
3686:
3669:
3652:
3635:
2930:
2813:
2503:
2339:
2315:
1875:
1797:
1301:
1171:
858:
585:, although other grains may be used; some southeastern Chinese styles may employ
3327:
2175:
6152:
5985:
5950:
5762:
5621:
4488:
4297:
4185:
4174:
4097:
3749:
3663:
3524:
2980:
Rong and Fa, Grandiose Survey of Chinese Alcoholic Drinks and Beverages, 2013,
2458:
2421:. It has become one of the most famous liquor in china due to its unique taste.
1326:
988:
590:
246:
3988:
3878:
3766:
3714:
2986:
2413:. Its factory includes a Liquor History Museum on its grounds. Wuliangye uses
2242:
2239:
2215:
2055:
2052:
2049:
6498:
6374:
6234:
5940:
5787:
5687:
5677:
5581:
5489:
5469:
5377:
5159:
4503:
4430:
4425:
4386:
4290:
4213:
4134:
3887:
3697:
3680:
3629:
2860:
2847:
2791:
2343:
2335:
1501:
This category refers to the liquor produced by the Jiugui (酒鬼) Distillery in
1422:
1371:
province. The Ming River Baijiu for the western market is also this category.
1144:
1129:
1125:
1121:
937:
902:
866:
123:
6354:
2597:
2594:
2131:
province. Although the strength differs according to the brand and variety,
1777:
1774:
1771:
1762:
and is fermented for two to three months in mud pits. Nongxiang type baijiu.
668:(20–45%), but it often has a significantly higher alcohol content (35–60%).
6086:
5722:
5641:
5626:
5509:
4943:
4833:
4828:
4719:
4704:
4463:
4117:
4107:
4075:
4058:
3905:
3731:
3602:
3543:
3094:
3085:
3068:
3044:
2833:
2805:
2766:
2450:
2064:
1910:
854:
832:
805:
798:
784:
769:
737:
467:
411:
232:
6309:
6284:
6132:
4858:
6239:
6000:
5975:
5920:
5842:
5822:
5792:
5322:
5302:
5272:
5209:
5079:
5019:
4983:
4933:
4903:
4893:
4818:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4667:
4513:
4410:
4392:
4112:
4080:
3784:
2887:
2819:
2414:
2025:
2018:
1839:
1793:
1229:
762:
655:
578:
for fermentation to create a distinct and characteristic flavor profile.
156:
29:
6029:
5044:
3928:
6444:
6379:
6324:
6264:
6209:
6157:
5616:
5559:
4883:
4873:
4731:
4195:
2545:
2331:
1058:
Baijiu made in Australia using locally grown sorghum, barley and wheat.
425:
277:
46:
5925:
5646:
4549:
3583:
2181:
2178:
1606:
1603:
1581:
1578:
1383:
1380:
1318:
1315:
1304:, which give the spirit a strong taste of pineapple, banana and anise.
1283:
1280:
1215:
1212:
1186:
1183:
1099:
1096:
835:. This is a typical feature of liquors produced in East Asia. Chinese
6429:
6394:
6364:
6224:
5935:
5697:
5591:
5554:
5332:
5262:
5139:
5119:
5054:
4973:
4848:
4687:
4324:
4319:
4050:
3556:
2758:
2724:
2652:
2393:
2120:
2116:
2072:
2068:
1974:
1917:
is the leading producer of Kaoliang liquor. It is a Qingxiang baijiu.
1622:
1480:
1401:
1339:
1114:
984:
976:
967:
755:
647:
446:
298:
103:
6219:
5995:
5194:
1046:(nongxiang) type baijiu sourced from the Luzhou Laojiao distillery.
684:
distillery, featuring apparatus for traditional baijiu distillation.
6454:
6449:
6414:
6404:
6314:
6249:
6142:
6081:
6060:
6045:
5895:
5596:
5459:
5402:
5382:
5282:
5257:
5224:
5109:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4868:
4853:
4838:
4369:
4364:
4156:
4127:
4090:
3381:"Can China's national drink reignite interest in a new generation?"
2866:
2773:
area was exempted from alcohol tax. Alcohol content by volume: 30%.
2519:
1966:
1766:
1557:
A pungent liquor that originates at the Dongjiu (董酒) Distillery in
1251:
1158:
773:
453:
319:
164:
2111:
berries. It is usually a light reddish-brown in color (similar to
1931: "Three Flowers Liquor"): a Mixiang type rice baijiu made in
1531:
Similar to light-aroma baijiu, but fermented with wheat-based big
1421:
To the initiated, it is considered a complement for preserved and
6424:
6344:
6329:
6274:
6187:
6167:
6122:
6107:
6091:
6065:
6030:
5990:
5980:
5930:
5875:
5752:
5737:
5656:
5636:
5601:
5534:
5134:
5094:
5074:
5039:
4998:
4923:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4473:
4468:
4451:
4440:
4434:
4419:
4398:
4180:
2704:
2688:
2644:
2525:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2442:
2410:
2385:
2319:
2291:
2279:
2275:
2128:
1970:
1906:
1888:
1860:
1835:
1831:
1805:
1755:
1694:
1631:
1558:
1368:
1354:
1334:
1167:
1120:
The flavors of this distilled liquor is contributed primarily by
1042:
1017:
is the world's bestselling liquor, with 5,000,000,000 liters (1.1
839:
is always distilled from grain, produced in batches and blended.
703:
699:
582:
6117:
3999:
2785:
2231:, this liquor is infused with Chinese medicinal herbs and sugar.
912:
Take a sip and taste the baijiu, and tell the host your opinion.
761:
A systematic distillery process was likely developed during the
6464:
6389:
6319:
6299:
6294:
6254:
5965:
5890:
5885:
5870:
5847:
5797:
5767:
5757:
5747:
5611:
5576:
5566:
5524:
5519:
5499:
5479:
5432:
5407:
5397:
5247:
5114:
5104:
5084:
5059:
4988:
4863:
4455:
4168:
4144:
2770:
2628:
2613:
2609:
2495:
2483:
2299:
2201:
2193:
2192: "the green bamboo leaf"): this sweet liquor, produced in
2112:
1932:
1914:
1717:
1475:
1435:
1364:
1330:
1239:
1153:
1088:
There are 4 major categories of baijiu based on aroma profile:
1082:
1026:
980:
963:
618:
602:
598:
565:
549:
511:
3150:
Drunk in China: Baijiu and the World's Oldest Drinking Culture
2041:(a type of osanthamus) flowers. Its alcohol content is 17–18%.
1483:
notable for the addition of pork fat during the aging process.
6199:
6005:
5955:
5910:
5900:
5865:
5777:
5651:
5586:
5529:
5392:
5367:
5362:
5347:
5327:
5312:
5292:
5277:
5184:
5174:
5169:
5129:
5124:
5099:
5069:
5034:
5029:
4993:
4978:
4913:
4783:
4697:
4415:
4037:
3964:
2873:
2660:
2621:
2581:
2557:
2406:
2405:) is a strong, aged distilled liquor produced in the city of
2228:
1536:
1502:
1433:"Mao-aroma" (茅香), after the best known spirit of this class,
1412:
1408:
1344:
1297:
1249:
This fragrance has long history and is made using rice-based
1132:
and give the spirit a taste of dried fruit with floral notes.
1030:
862:
751:
639:
is usually made from pulverized wheat grain or steamed rice.
594:
479:
168:
93:
2983:"Grandiose Survey of Chinese Alcoholic Drinks and Beverages"
1337:
province. Other notable examples of this type of liquor are
1257:
1178:, lit. 'sorghum') in Taiwan. Formerly this style was called
823:
808:(1368–1644). Detailed description of Baijiu was recorded in
707:
574:
6112:
5772:
5357:
5337:
5267:
5219:
5214:
5149:
5089:
4692:
2880:
2196:, is made from Fenjiu brewed with a dozen or more selected
2014:
1826:
1003:
664:
586:
172:
160:
36:
740:(1368–1644) illustration of the baijiu distilling process.
581:
Baijiu is a clear liquid usually distilled from fermented
6339:
5945:
5544:
5204:
4102:
3400:"Tough sell: Baijiu, China's potent tipple, looks abroad"
2266:
The remains of a historical Jiannanchun (剑南春) distillery.
2104:
1135:
It is made from sorghum fermented in a stone vessel with
1038:
1034:
915:
Finish the baijiu in the small glass in one go after the
458:
338:
324:
310:
61:
3557:
Yao, Yi, Shen, Tao, Liu, Lin, and Xu. (April 10, 2015).
2947:"Daqu—A traditional Chinese liquor fermentation starter"
437:
289:
2168:) added to the brew. Alcohol content by volume: 54–55%.
2127:
is produced by several manufacturers, primarily in the
1887:
is an old Romanized spelling for the Chinese word for
944:
1565:
in a large pit and one fermented with medicinal rice
416:
265:
251:
237:
3142:
3140:
3138:
2781:
4760:
814:(本草纲目, Compendium of Materia Medica) by Li Shizhen.
2152:): a variety of baijiu with a unique selection of
1812:, more commonly referred to simply as "Hongxing" (
1113:Delicate, dry, and light, with a smooth and light
768:The first proto-baijiu was likely made during the
564:'burning liquor'), is a colorless Chinese
3459:"Australia: share of sorghum exported by country"
3398:Froissart, Pauline; Martin, Dan (June 18, 2019).
3288:"Baijiu, the National Drink of China, Heads West"
3153:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Potomac Books. p. 238.
3135:
2075:. It is made from Mixiang rice baijiu, with added
6496:
953:
572:(ABV). Each type of baijiu uses its own type of
3789:"Got a Mint, Comrade? Chinese Ban Liquid Lunch"
3397:
3859:
3777:
1800:China. It is probably the most commonly-drunk
1741:Some examples of regional varieties include:
998:On the opposite side of the spectrum. Low-end
772:(618–907) as the drink was described by poets
22:redirects here. Not to be confused with other
4565:
4020:
2624:. It ranges from 38 to 54% alcohol by volume.
2518:Bottles of Red Star and Niulanshan brands of
2356:
2304:
2030:
1900:
1813:
1808:and is frequently associated with that city.
1758:. This liquor is made with sorghum and wheat
1724:
1198:
896:The ceremonial includes the following steps:
693:
378:
364:
199:
67:
3615:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2618:Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
6033:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
3783:
3391:
3181:
3179:
3177:
1049:
559:
521:
5431:
4592:
4572:
4558:
4027:
4013:
3418:
3188:"Why Does Chinese Alcohol Taste So Awful?"
1325:), as it is thought to be invented in the
1142:The two primary styles of this liquor are
906:(拜礼) greeting to show respect to the host.
635:starter culture used in the production of
60:
3895:
3877:
3592:
3582:
3533:
3523:
3240:
3084:
3073:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
3034:
2962:
3918:
3185:
3174:
3146:
2513:
2477:
2261:
1825:
1716:
1053:
957:
877:
687:
675:
568:typically coming in between 35% and 60%
4579:
3348:
3210:
3208:
2135:ranges between 8–28% alcohol by volume.
1830:Fenjiu (汾酒, fénjiǔ) bottles popular in
1228:This class of liquor is exemplified by
1009:
919:(干杯, 'Cheers') and clinking of glasses.
16:Distilled alcoholic beverage from China
6497:
2334:served Moutai at state dinners during
2035:) is a distilled liquor flavored with
593:while other Chinese varieties may use
340:
267:
6028:
5430:
4759:
4591:
4553:
4008:
3835:"Wuliangye Distillery – Introduction"
3438:
3285:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3066:
2945:Zheng, Xiao-Wei; et al. (2011).
2944:
2441:): Jiannanchun is baijiu produced in
1951: "double-distilled liquor") and
1712:
706:. Each baijiu distillery has its own
3919:Sandhaus, Derek (November 1, 2019).
3497:
3214:
3205:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3016:
2976:
2974:
2063:) is a Cantonese liquor produced in
2021:. Alcohol content by volume: 54–55%.
1981:
1445:Various other niche aroma profiles:
1429:). This class was formerly known as
646:can appear similar to several other
526:'white (clear) liquor'), or
3760:
3743:
3349:Hawkins, Amy (September 22, 2017).
3298:
3215:Wija, Tantri (September 16, 2020).
2951:Journal of the Institute of Brewing
1195:Shanxi Xinghuacun Fenjiu Distillery
1071:
945:Baijiu and Chinese business culture
926:
13:
3725:
3708:
3691:
3674:
3657:
3640:
3476:
3119:
2964:10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00447.x
2115:) and varieties made with oolong,
1411:compounds, which impart a layered
1170:, the latter of which is known as
1108:, "Q-" is pronounced akin to "Ch-"
1002:can be as inexpensive as a can of
14:
6531:
3982:
3482:
3286:Risen, Clay (December 29, 2015).
3101:
2971:
2227: "jade green liquor"): From
1895:(高粱). The liquor originates from
1139:made from wheat, barley and peas.
1066:
791:(酒馆, 'pub, bar') in major cities.
4036:
3963:. Xiangjiugui.cn. Archived from
3186:Volodzko, David (June 8, 2015).
3036:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03076.x
3017:Wang, H-Y.; et al. (2011).
2840:
2826:
2812:
2798:
2784:
2257:
1310:This style is formerly known as
882:The Chinese traditionally serve
827:, which allows for simultaneous
727:
718:
66:A glass and bottle of “Jiugui” (
3953:
3912:
3853:
3827:
3801:
3623:
3550:
3491:
3451:
3432:
3373:
3342:
3316:
3279:
3263:. July 16, 2007. Archived from
3249:
3241:Slaughter, Sam (May 17, 2016).
3234:
3067:Xiong, X.; et al. (2014).
3023:Letters in Applied Microbiology
1865:Northern and Southern dynasties
1665:qingxiang with small-batched qu
750:Prototypical alcohol making in
480:
459:
438:
339:
325:
311:
290:
4610:History of alcoholic beverages
3060:
3051:
3010:
3001:
2938:
2918:
2900:
1725:
1687:Si'te distillery special aroma
1199:
754:dates back to as early as the
694:
623:
614:
554:
545:
537:
516:
507:
417:
379:
365:
266:
252:
238:
200:
68:
1:
2894:
2338:'s state visit to China, and
2159:Eleutherococcus gracilistylus
1729:), a Baijiu liqueur from the
954:Pricing and the baijiu market
3243:"The Manual Guide to Baijiu"
2908:"A Guide to Chinese Alcohol"
2200:. One of the ingredients is
1989:traditional Chinese medicine
1079:traditional Chinese medicine
861:is regarded as inferior and
7:
2856:Chinese alcoholic beverages
2777:
1731:Xinghuacun Fenjiu Distilery
10:
6536:
3771:February 23, 2005, at the
3719:February 23, 2005, at the
3634:February 23, 2005, at the
3525:10.1038/s41598-018-21814-y
3498:Xiao; et al. (2018).
1909:), first appearing in the
1871:made from barley and peas.
1230:baijiu distilled from rice
872:
671:
390:to heat (distilled) liquor
44:
18:
6479:
6038:
6024:
5858:
5667:
5444:
5440:
5426:
5235:
5009:
4773:
4769:
4755:
4655:
4602:
4598:
4587:
4450:
4355:
4194:
4143:
4049:
4043:Alcoholic drinks in China
3879:10.3390/molecules27041318
3837:. Cbw.com. Archived from
3811:. Cbw.com. Archived from
3754:January 12, 2007, at the
3429:accessed November 9, 2018
3326:. Cbw.com. Archived from
2490:, Red Star Erguotou from
2357:
2328:San Francisco, California
2324:Panama-Pacific Exposition
2305:
2238:
2211:
2090:
2048:
2031:
1901:
1814:
1021:10 imp gal; 1.3
491:
473:
466:
452:
445:
431:
424:
410:
403:
398:
394:
386:
372:
358:
353:
332:
318:
304:
297:
283:
276:
259:
245:
231:
224:
219:
215:
207:
193:
189:
182:
152:
140:
132:
122:
109:
99:
87:
77:
59:
6510:Chinese alcoholic drinks
5882:Coconut and other palms
5254:Coconut and other palms
4625:History of Bordeaux wine
3147:Sandhaus, Derek (2019).
2198:Chinese herbal medicines
1050:International production
842:
698:) distillery remains in
642:Because of its clarity,
374:Traditional Chinese
354:Alternative Chinese name
4710:Drinking establishments
3651:April 10, 2008, at the
2912:Lost Laowai:China expat
2620:in the western part of
2154:Chinese herbal medicine
1456:douchi /douban flavored
360:Simplified Chinese
89:Country of origin
5917:Sugarcane or molasses
5354:Sugarcane or molasses
4593:History and production
3809:"Wuliangye Distillery"
3406:. Agence France-Presse
3324:"Wuliangye Distillery"
3086:10.4014/jmb.1401.01043
2522:
2511:
2267:
1846:
1735:
1721:A glass and bottle of
1059:
971:
711:
685:
211:"white (clear) liquor"
4640:History of Rioja wine
4303:Niulanshan Distillery
3361:on September 17, 2019
3310:Liquor Town Australia
2517:
2481:
2265:
1829:
1822:) is a popular brand.
1720:
1398:fermented bean pastes
1057:
961:
935:In 2007, a report in
878:Traditional etiquette
857:perspective in which
691:
679:
6351:Mammee apple flower
4630:History of Champagne
4469:Changyu Pioneer Wine
3967:on November 27, 2003
3702:May 7, 2005, at the
3685:May 7, 2005, at the
3668:May 7, 2005, at the
3351:"Baijiu on a Budget"
2140:Medicinal infusions:
1859:): Grain alcohol in
1509:and medicinal small
1010:Global baijiu market
6401:Sugarcane/molasses
4844:Moscatel de Setúbal
4737:Yeast in winemaking
4725:Yeast in winemaking
4581:Alcoholic beverages
4357:Fermented beverages
3929:10.2307/j.ctvpj7cq5
3575:2015NatSR...5E9553Y
3516:2018NatSR...8.3396P
3267:on December 4, 2008
3221:Pacific NW Magazine
1790:blue-collar workers
1754:): Originally from
1697:, where the iconic
783:The flourishing of
542:traditional Chinese
56:
4635:History of Chianti
4603:History of alcohol
4524:Shangri-La Brewery
4519:San Miguel Brewery
4479:Great Leap Brewing
4233:Hengshui Laobaigan
3794:The New York Times
3737:2007-01-12 at the
3563:Scientific Reports
3504:Scientific Reports
3292:The New York Times
2523:
2512:
2494:, Ming River from
2268:
1863:dates back to the
1847:
1736:
1713:Regional varieties
1663:xiǎoqū qīngxiāng;
1613:Xifeng style aroma
1495:extra-strong aroma
1060:
972:
850:The New York Times
712:
686:
534:simplified Chinese
82:Distilled beverage
54:
6492:
6491:
6475:
6474:
6178:Chocolate liqueur
6139:Blackthorn shrub
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
5972:Various starches
5728:Tennessee whiskey
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5389:Various starches
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4645:History of Sherry
4547:
4546:
4509:Lucky Buddha Beer
4439:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4330:Xinghuacun Fenjiu
4245:Jiangsu Shuanggou
4173:
4167:
4161:
4145:Distilled spirits
3938:978-1-64012-261-1
3923:. Potomac Books.
3787:(March 8, 2008).
3584:10.1038/srep09553
3306:"What is Baijiu?"
2683:
2637:Xinghuacun Fenjiu
2607:
2449:. Mianzhu in the
2342:once remarked to
2226:
2191:
2165:Angelica sinensis
2102:
2012:
1995:Floral infusions:
1982:Popular infusions
1964:
1950:
1930:
1787:
1519:"Laobaigan" xiang
780:(雍陶) at the time.
570:alcohol by volume
562:
524:
495:
494:
487:
486:
405:Standard Mandarin
349:
348:
306:Yale Romanization
226:Standard Mandarin
178:
177:
112:Alcohol by volume
6527:
6515:Distilled drinks
6099:Herbs de Majorca
6073:Anisado Mallorca
6026:
6025:
5828:American whiskey
5819:Multiple grains
5708:Buckwheat whisky
5442:
5441:
5428:
5427:
5201:Multiple grains
4771:
4770:
4762:Fermented drinks
4757:
4756:
4663:Alcohol industry
4600:
4599:
4589:
4588:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4539:Zhujiang Brewery
4529:Tsingtao Brewery
4437:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4348:
4316:
4294:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4204:Beijing Hongxing
4171:
4165:
4159:
4131:
4094:
4072:
4041:
4040:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4006:
4005:
4000:World Baijiu Day
3991:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3881:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3841:on June 16, 2011
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3815:on June 16, 2011
3805:
3799:
3798:
3781:
3775:
3764:
3758:
3747:
3741:
3729:
3723:
3712:
3706:
3695:
3689:
3678:
3672:
3661:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3596:
3586:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3527:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3436:
3430:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3404:The Jakarta Post
3395:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3357:. Archived from
3355:Time Out Beijing
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3330:on June 16, 2011
3320:
3314:
3313:
3312:. March 3, 2021.
3302:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3257:"Global Adviser"
3253:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3144:
3133:
3130:
3117:
3114:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2989:on July 29, 2014
2985:. Archived from
2978:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2904:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2733:Yuk Bing Siu Zau
2681:
2605:
2534:Beijing Hongxing
2502:and Maotai from
2447:Sichuan province
2360:
2359:
2308:
2307:
2248:
2224:
2218:
2189:
2100:
2094:
2058:
2034:
2033:
2010:
1962:
1948:
1928:
1904:
1903:
1843:Chinese New Year
1817:
1816:
1810:Beijing Hongxing
1785:
1728:
1727:
1659:Xiaoqu Qingxiang
1628:Fengxiang County
1523:lǎobáigānxiāng;
1244:Guangxi province
1202:
1201:
1072:By aroma profile
1024:
1020:
927:Modern etiquette
829:saccharification
731:
722:
697:
696:
625:
616:
563:
560:
556:
547:
539:
525:
522:
518:
509:
483:
482:
462:
461:
441:
440:
420:
419:
396:
395:
382:
381:
368:
367:
345:
344:
343:
328:
327:
314:
313:
293:
292:
272:
271:
270:
255:
254:
241:
240:
217:
216:
203:
202:
180:
179:
153:Related products
115:
100:Region of origin
90:
71:
70:
64:
57:
53:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6471:
6440:Crème de cassis
6435:Crème de banane
6421:Various fruits
6290:Crème de menthe
6051:Crème de Noyaux
6034:
6012:
5854:
5838:Canadian whisky
5812:Kaoliang liquor
5718:Bourbon whiskey
5683:Japanese whisky
5663:
5632:Marillenschnaps
5608:Various fruits
5436:
5414:
5243:Agave americana
5231:
5005:
4960:Various fruits
4765:
4743:
4651:
4620:History of wine
4615:History of beer
4594:
4583:
4578:
4548:
4543:
4534:Yanjing Brewery
4499:Kingway Brewery
4484:Great Wall Wine
4446:
4376:
4351:
4342:
4310:
4288:
4281:Kweichow Moutai
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4209:Guizhou Dongjiu
4190:
4139:
4125:
4088:
4066:
4045:
4035:
4033:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3939:
3917:
3913:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3782:
3778:
3773:Wayback Machine
3765:
3761:
3756:Wayback Machine
3748:
3744:
3739:Wayback Machine
3730:
3726:
3721:Wayback Machine
3713:
3709:
3704:Wayback Machine
3696:
3692:
3687:Wayback Machine
3679:
3675:
3670:Wayback Machine
3662:
3658:
3653:Wayback Machine
3645:
3641:
3636:Wayback Machine
3628:
3624:
3608:
3607:
3555:
3551:
3496:
3492:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3392:
3387:. May 27, 2017.
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3213:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3145:
3136:
3131:
3120:
3115:
3102:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2943:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2761:of "meat", and
2340:Henry Kissinger
2300:Kweichow Moutai
2260:
2123:are available.
1984:
1861:Fenyang, Shanxi
1715:
1569:in a small pit.
1551:medicinal aroma
1525:laobaigan aroma
1357:, Sichuan; and
1302:ethyl hexanoate
1264:, lit. 'little
1074:
1069:
1052:
1022:
1018:
1012:
981:Kweichow Maotai
956:
947:
929:
880:
875:
859:Chinese cuisine
845:
744:
743:
742:
741:
734:
733:
732:
724:
723:
692:Shuijing Fang (
674:
387:Literal meaning
208:Literal meaning
110:
88:
73:
50:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6533:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6164:Chili peppers
6162:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6153:Cherry Heering
6147:
6146:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6063:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5951:Seco Herrerano
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5763:Mixiang Baijiu
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5448:
5446:
5438:
5437:
5435:by ingredients
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4777:
4775:
4767:
4766:
4764:by ingredients
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Harbin Brewery
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4305:
4300:
4298:Luzhou Laojiao
4295:
4283:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4221:Gujing Gongjiu
4218:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4186:Guihua Chenjiu
4183:
4181:Changyu Brandy
4178:
4175:Mixiang Baijiu
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3984:
3983:External links
3981:
3979:
3978:
3952:
3937:
3921:Drunk in China
3911:
3852:
3826:
3800:
3776:
3759:
3742:
3724:
3707:
3690:
3673:
3656:
3639:
3622:
3549:
3490:
3483:余, 乾伟 (2010).
3475:
3450:
3431:
3417:
3390:
3372:
3341:
3315:
3297:
3278:
3248:
3233:
3204:
3173:
3159:
3134:
3118:
3100:
3079:(8): 1088–95.
3059:
3050:
3029:(2): 134–140.
3009:
3000:
2970:
2937:
2917:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2837:
2823:
2809:
2795:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2738:Yùbīng Shāojiǔ
2722:
2721:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2685:
2678:gǔjǐinggongjiu
2669:Gujing-gongjiu
2658:
2657:
2642:
2641:
2626:
2625:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2566:Liulingzui Jiu
2555:
2554:
2542:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2459:Luzhou Laojiao
2455:
2430:
2422:
2383:
2382:
2379:Guotai Spirits
2370:
2362:
2348:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2232:
2205:
2169:
2137:
2136:
2082:
2042:
2022:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1945:shuāngzhēngjiǔ
1940:Shuangzhengjiu
1936:
1918:
1872:
1824:
1823:
1763:
1723:Zhuyeqingjiu (
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1419:
1416:
1405:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1329:Distillery in
1327:Luzhou Laojiao
1308:
1305:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1260:starters (小曲,
1247:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1140:
1133:
1118:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Classification
1065:
1051:
1048:
1011:
1008:
989:Luzhou Laojiao
955:
952:
946:
943:
928:
925:
921:
920:
913:
910:
907:
879:
876:
874:
871:
844:
841:
819:
818:
815:
802:
795:
792:
781:
766:
759:
736:
735:
726:
725:
717:
716:
715:
714:
713:
673:
670:
650:liquors, e.g.
591:glutinous rice
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
464:
463:
456:
450:
449:
447:Yue: Cantonese
443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
422:
421:
414:
408:
407:
401:
400:
399:Transcriptions
392:
391:
388:
384:
383:
376:
370:
369:
362:
356:
355:
351:
350:
347:
346:
336:
330:
329:
322:
316:
315:
308:
302:
301:
299:Yue: Cantonese
295:
294:
287:
281:
280:
274:
273:
263:
257:
256:
249:
243:
242:
235:
229:
228:
222:
221:
220:Transcriptions
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
197:
191:
190:
187:
186:
176:
175:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
116:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
72:) brand baijiu
65:
45:For wine, see
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6532:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:Grand Marnier
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Cream liqueur
6233:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6023:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5688:Scotch whisky
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Irish whiskey
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:Cashew apple
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5425:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5378:Fermented tea
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Shaoxing wine
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
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5088:
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5078:
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5050:
5046:
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5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:Prickly pear
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
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4865:
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4857:
4855:
4852:
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4847:
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4837:
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4827:
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4779:
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4772:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4738:
4735:
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4730:
4726:
4723:
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4718:
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4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
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4608:
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4540:
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4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Lhasa Brewery
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4405:Xionghuangjiu
4400:
4394:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4135:Rice wine cup
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3966:
3962:
3961:"Xiangjiugui"
3956:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3446:
3445:MSN Lifestyle
3442:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3237:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3162:
3160:9781640122611
3156:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3046:
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3032:
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3013:
3004:
2988:
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2977:
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2965:
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2941:
2933:
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2921:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:Wine in China
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:Taiwan portal
2838:
2835:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2796:
2793:
2792:Liquor portal
2787:
2782:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
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2699:
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2655:
2654:
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2649:
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2639:
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2623:
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2599:
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2561:
2559:
2552:
2548:
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2531:
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2527:
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2516:
2509:
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2501:
2497:
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2480:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:jiàn nán chūn
2436:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:Shuijing Fang
2423:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2352:Guizhou Xijiu
2349:
2347:
2345:
2344:Deng Xiaoping
2341:
2337:
2336:Richard Nixon
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2258:Baijiu brands
2252:
2251:Yàlián báijiǔ
2247:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2235:Yulian baijiu
2233:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:Zhuyeqing jiu
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2093:
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2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:crystal sugar
2016:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1942:
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1937:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1908:
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1890:
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1799:
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1761:
1757:
1753:
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1739:
1733:
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1719:
1706:
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1701:
1696:
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1691:
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1669:
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1647:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
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1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1608:
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1601:
1598:
1593:
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1589:
1583:
1580:
1576:
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1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
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1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
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1527:
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1517:
1512:
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1504:
1500:
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1487:
1482:
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1471:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:pickled foods
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1336:
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1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
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1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
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1237:
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1231:
1227:
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1210:
1207:
1196:
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1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:succinic acid
1127:
1126:ethyl lactate
1123:
1122:ethyl acetate
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
993:Shuijing Fang
990:
986:
982:
978:
969:
965:
960:
951:
942:
940:
939:
933:
924:
918:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:
899:
898:
897:
894:
892:
888:
885:
870:
868:
867:Scotch whisky
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
816:
813:
812:
811:Bencao Gangmu
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
790:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
764:
760:
757:
756:Neolithic Age
753:
749:
748:
747:
739:
730:
721:
709:
705:
701:
690:
683:
678:
669:
667:
666:
662:
658:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
576:
571:
567:
557:
551:
543:
535:
531:
530:
519:
513:
505:
501:
500:
490:
478:
476:
472:
469:
465:
457:
455:
451:
448:
444:
436:
434:
430:
427:
423:
415:
413:
409:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
375:
371:
363:
361:
357:
352:
342:
337:
335:
331:
323:
321:
317:
309:
307:
303:
300:
296:
288:
286:
282:
279:
275:
269:
264:
262:
258:
250:
248:
244:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
198:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
63:
58:
52:
48:
41:
38:
34:
31:
27:
26:
21:
5832:
5807:
5723:Corn whiskey
5627:Himbeergeist
5480:Kirschwasser
5242:
4940:Pomegranate
4834:Marsala wine
4829:Madeira wine
4720:Simple syrup
4715:Fermentation
4705:Distillation
4196:Distilleries
4152:
3969:. Retrieved
3965:the original
3955:
3920:
3914:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3829:
3817:. Retrieved
3813:the original
3803:
3792:
3779:
3762:
3745:
3727:
3710:
3693:
3676:
3659:
3642:
3625:
3611:cite journal
3566:
3562:
3552:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3484:
3478:
3468:December 20,
3466:. Retrieved
3462:
3453:
3444:
3434:
3425:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3403:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3359:the original
3354:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3328:the original
3318:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3265:the original
3260:
3251:
3236:
3226:December 17,
3224:. Retrieved
3220:
3197:December 17,
3195:. Retrieved
3192:The Diplomat
3191:
3166:December 17,
3164:. Retrieved
3149:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3053:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2987:the original
2957:(1): 82–90.
2954:
2950:
2940:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2834:China portal
2806:Drink portal
2767:Song dynasty
2762:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2601:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2551:niú lán shān
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2451:Tang dynasty
2438:
2432:
2424:
2409:in southern
2402:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2364:
2350:
2313:
2310:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2269:
2250:
2234:
2220:
2207:
2186:zhúyèqīnqjiǔ
2185:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2096:
2084:
2076:
2065:Xiaolan Town
2060:
2044:
2037:
2024:
2006:
2002:Meiguilu jiu
2000:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1911:Ming dynasty
1892:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1856:
1850:
1819:
1801:
1798:northeastern
1781:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1722:
1704:
1698:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1646:sesame aroma
1645:
1644:zhīmaxiāng;
1643:
1639:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1474:
1473:Named after
1466:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1389:
1388:jiàngxiāng;
1387:
1376:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1322:
1314:"Lu aroma" (
1311:
1300:, primarily
1290:strong aroma
1289:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1250:
1233:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1193:) after the
1190:
1182:Fen-aroma" (
1179:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1087:
1075:
1061:
1014:
1013:
999:
997:
973:
962:A bottle of
948:
936:
934:
930:
922:
916:
901:
900:Execute the
895:
890:
883:
881:
848:
846:
836:
833:fermentation
822:
820:
809:
806:Ming dynasty
799:Yuan dynasty
788:
785:Song dynasty
770:Tang dynasty
745:
738:Ming dynasty
681:
663:
654:
643:
641:
636:
632:
622:
580:
573:
553:
528:
527:
515:
498:
497:
496:
468:Southern Min
433:Romanization
412:Hanyu Pinyin
285:Romanization
233:Hanyu Pinyin
183:
145:
51:
39:
32:
23:
19:
6386:Star anise
6280:Bénédictine
6240:Irish cream
5976:Aguardiente
5921:Aguardiente
5793:Rye whiskey
5303:Ginger wine
5020:Barley wine
4984:Mulled wine
4934:Plum jerkum
4904:Lychee wine
4894:Longan wine
4819:Bokbunja-ju
4809:Bignay wine
4799:Banana wine
4794:Banana beer
4668:Bathtub gin
4387:Shaoxingjiu
4377: [
4374:Chengangjiu
4343: [
4311: [
4289: [
4272: [
4260: [
4257:Jiannanchun
4248: [
4236: [
4224: [
4212: [
4126: [
4089: [
4067: [
3872:(4): 1318.
3785:Jim Yardley
3510:(1): 3396.
3487:. 中国轻工业出版社.
3439:Amy Gunia.
2820:Asia portal
2769:, when the
2434:Jiannanchun
2415:five grains
2156:(including
2146:Wujiapi jiu
2107:leaves and
2007:méiguīlujiǔ
1959:sānzhēngjiǔ
1954:Sanzhengjiu
1881:gāoliángjiǔ
1876:Gaoliangjiu
1840:Quezon City
1640:Zhima xiang
1611:fèngxiāng;
1588:mixed aroma
1586:jiānxiāng;
1493:fùyùxiāng;
1450:"Chi" xiang
1390:sauce aroma
1350:Jiannanchun
1347:, Sichuan;
1288:nóngxiāng;
1238:(三花酒) from
1106:light aroma
1104:qīngxiāng;
855:Eurocentric
797:During the
763:Han dynasty
627:) in their
607:Job's tears
35:and Korean
28:: Japanese
6499:Categories
6445:Limoncello
6380:Triple sec
6355:Eau créole
6325:Irish Mist
6310:Bärenjäger
6265:Frangelico
6195:Cloudberry
6174:Chocolate
6158:Maraschino
5704:Buckwheat
5617:Eau de vie
4920:Pineapple
4884:Duhat wine
4880:Java plum
4874:White wine
4732:Winemaking
4656:Production
2895:References
2746:ròuláoshāo
2742:roulaoshao
2546:Niulanshan
2332:Mao Zedong
2150:Wǔjiāpíjiǔ
2113:oolong tea
1943:(双蒸酒/雙蒸酒,
1905:, east of
1750:(大曲酒/大麴酒,
1703:originated
1600:Feng xiang
1575:Jian xiang
1549:yàoxiāng;
1489:Fuyu xiang
1465:zhīxiāng;
1461:Zhi" xiang
1454:chǐxiāng;
1402:soy sauces
1377:Jiangxiang
1232:, such as
1222:rice aroma
1180:Fenxiang "
776:(白居易) and
648:East Asian
629:mash bills
247:Wade–Giles
124:Proof (US)
47:White wine
6430:Cedratine
6395:Sassolino
6365:Cointreau
6285:Brennivín
6261:Hazelnut
6225:Tia Maria
6184:Cinnamon
6168:Pertsivka
6133:Bierlikör
5936:Desi daru
5698:Bierbrand
5592:Tsikoudia
5555:Slivovitz
5455:Applejack
5333:Kabarawan
5309:Galangal
5263:Palm wine
5140:Rice wine
5120:Makgeolli
5055:Oshikundu
4974:Hippocras
4859:Rosé wine
4849:Port wine
4815:Bokbunja
4688:Lautering
4452:Breweries
4325:Xifengjiu
4320:Wuliangye
4269:Jiuguijiu
4051:Drinkware
3990:AFP video
3947:242247152
3888:1420-3049
3866:Molecules
3271:April 26,
2759:homophone
2750:Cantonese
2725:Guangdong
2653:Xifengjiu
2574:Laobaigan
2539:hóng xīng
2419:Min River
2403:Wǔliángyè
2394:Wuliangye
2121:black tea
2073:Guangdong
2069:Zhongshan
2026:Guihuajiu
1975:Guangdong
1925:Sānhuājiǔ
1921:Sanhuajiu
1685:tèxiāng;
1623:Xifengjiu
1545:Yao xiang
1481:Guangdong
1467:fat aroma
1340:Wuliangye
1277:Nongxiang
1235:Sanhuajiu
1220:mǐxiāng;
1115:mouthfeel
1093:Qingxiang
985:Wuliangye
977:Wuliangye
968:Hong Kong
659:(25%) or
460:Siu1 Zau2
312:baahk-jáu
104:East Asia
6455:Sloe gin
6450:Schnapps
6415:Licor 43
6411:Vanilla
6405:Charanda
6336:Juniper
6315:Drambuie
6250:Advocaat
6206:Coconut
6143:Patxaran
6082:Anisette
6061:Absinthe
6046:Amaretto
6031:Liqueurs
5896:Lambanog
5804:Sorghum
5743:Cheongju
5597:Tsipouro
5541:Juniper
5515:Armagnac
5460:Calvados
5403:Parakari
5383:Kombucha
5283:Tunggang
5258:Bahalina
5225:Huangjiu
5191:Sorghum
5145:Rượu cần
5110:Gwaha-ju
5045:Tesgüino
4969:Dubonnet
4964:Conditum
4954:Colonche
4869:Vermouth
4854:Red wine
4839:Mistelle
4494:Cheerday
4456:wineries
4431:Putaojiu
4411:Lizhijiu
4370:Huangjiu
4365:Gouqijiu
4163:Kaoliang
4157:Erguotou
3971:June 21,
3906:35209103
3845:June 21,
3819:June 21,
3769:Archived
3752:Archived
3735:Archived
3717:Archived
3700:Archived
3683:Archived
3666:Archived
3649:Archived
3632:Archived
3603:25857434
3569:: 9553.
3544:29467508
3485:传统白酒酿造技术
3463:Statista
3426:Barron's
3410:June 19,
3385:ABC News
3334:June 21,
3095:24809292
3045:21554340
2867:Huangjiu
2778:See also
2520:Erguotou
2472:Shedejiu
2454:quality.
2109:hawthorn
2061:túwēijiǔ
2045:Tuweijiu
1967:Jiujiang
1893:gaoliang
1885:Kaoliang
1834:made in
1820:Red Star
1794:northern
1782:èrguōtóu
1767:Erguotou
1700:Si'tejiu
1681:Te xiang
1661:(小曲清香,
1431:Maoxiang
1427:jìangcài
1252:Rhizopus
1191:fēnxiāng
1176:gāoliáng
1172:Kaoliang
1164:èrguōtóu
1159:Erguotou
970:in 2017.
778:Yong Tao
774:Bai Juyi
652:Japanese
481:sio-tsiú
454:Jyutping
439:sau-cieu
326:Baak Zau
320:Jyutping
291:baq cieu
253:pai-chiu
165:huangjiu
141:Variants
6520:Sorghum
6461:Walnut
6425:Campari
6370:Curaçao
6361:Orange
6345:Jenever
6330:Krupnik
6275:Aquavit
6216:Coffee
6188:Tentura
6149:Cherry
6123:Sambuca
6108:Mastika
6092:Hierbas
6066:Anisado
6042:Almond
5991:Horilka
5981:Akvavit
5931:Clairin
5926:Cachaça
5876:Tequila
5753:Lao-Lao
5738:Awamori
5674:Barley
5668:Cereals
5657:Schnaps
5647:Pálinka
5637:Nalewka
5602:Zivania
5535:Zivania
5476:Cherry
5433:Liquors
5299:Ginger
5135:Pangasi
5095:Choujiu
5075:Amazake
5051:Millet
5040:Tejuino
5016:Barley
5010:Cereals
4999:Sangria
4924:Tepache
4900:Lychee
4890:Longan
4805:Bignay
4790:Banana
4683:Malting
4678:Brewery
4673:Brewing
4474:CR Snow
4464:Beijing
4441:Ningxia
4435:Museles
4420:Choujiu
4399:Liaojiu
4393:Huadiao
4340:Yingjia
4286:Langjiu
3995:YouTube
3897:8878284
3594:4392506
3571:Bibcode
3535:5821866
3512:Bibcode
3365:May 17,
2993:May 29,
2757:) is a
2736:(玉冰燒酒,
2705:Jiangsu
2689:Jiangxi
2645:Shaanxi
2640:(杏花村汾酒)
2616:in the
2526:Beijing
2508:Guizhou
2500:Sichuan
2492:Beijing
2488:Guangxi
2466:Langjiu
2443:Mianzhu
2411:Sichuan
2386:Sichuan
2366:Zhaiyao
2320:Guizhou
2311:Guìzhōu
2292:Guizhou
2280:Sichuan
2276:Guizhou
2221:bìlǜjiǔ
2208:Bilujiu
2184:/竹葉青酒,
2148:(五加皮酒,
2129:Sichuan
2005:(玫瑰露酒,
1973:and in
1971:Jiangxi
1907:Tianjin
1897:Dazhigu
1889:sorghum
1836:Fenyang
1832:Sichuan
1806:Beijing
1792:across
1756:Sichuan
1752:Dàqūjiǔ
1747:Daqujiu
1695:Jiangxi
1653:flavor.
1632:Shaanxi
1559:Guizhou
1521:(老白干香,
1459:), or "
1415:flavor.
1369:Jiangsu
1355:Mianzhu
1335:Sichuan
1323:lúxiāng
1312:Luxiang
1209:Mixiang
1168:Beijing
1166:) from
1152:) from
1043:tequila
873:Serving
789:Jiuguan
704:Sichuan
700:Chengdu
682:Guojiao
672:History
611:Chinese
583:sorghum
555:shāojiǔ
529:shaojiu
504:Chinese
418:shāojiǔ
195:Chinese
40:(소주/燒酒)
20:Shaojiu
6505:Baijiu
6465:Nocino
6390:Pastis
6320:Glayva
6306:Honey
6300:Unicum
6295:Metaxa
6271:Herbs
6255:Eggnog
6231:Cream
6220:Kahlúa
6210:Malibu
6057:Anise
6001:Shōchū
5996:Poitín
5986:Bangla
5966:Tharra
5907:Dairy
5891:Laksoy
5886:Arrack
5871:Mezcal
5848:Whisky
5843:Shōchū
5833:Baijiu
5808:Baijiu
5798:Starka
5768:Shochu
5758:Lihing
5748:Cholai
5714:Maize
5612:Brandy
5577:Grappa
5572:Chacha
5567:Pomace
5525:Cognac
5520:Brandy
5506:Grape
5500:Boukha
5486:Dates
5451:Apple
5408:Ibwatu
5398:Chicha
5344:Sugar
5319:Honey
5289:Dairy
5248:Pulque
5195:Pendhā
5115:Hariya
5105:Dansul
5085:Beopju
5060:Tongba
4989:Nabidh
4864:Sherry
4825:Grape
4780:Apple
4454:&
4335:Yanghe
4169:Maotai
4153:Baijiu
3945:
3935:
3904:
3894:
3886:
3601:
3591:
3542:
3532:
3157:
3093:
3043:
2888:Shōchū
2771:Foshan
2744:(肉醪燒,
2718:yánghé
2713:Yanghe
2629:Shanxi
2614:Jishou
2610:Zhenwu
2602:jiǔguǐ
2590:Jiugui
2549:(牛欄山,
2504:Maotai
2496:Luzhou
2484:Guilin
2445:city,
2437:(劍南春,
2377:(國台酒,
2374:Guotai
2316:Maotai
2202:bamboo
2194:Shanxi
2133:chajiu
2125:Chajiu
2119:, and
2097:chájiǔ
2086:Chajiu
2038:Guihua
1957:(三蒸酒,
1933:Guilin
1923:(三花酒,
1915:Taiwan
1879:(高粱酒,
1857:fénjiǔ
1852:Fenjiu
1802:baijiu
1642:(芝麻香,
1491:(馥郁香,
1476:douchi
1436:Maotai
1365:Suqian
1360:Yanghe
1331:Luzhou
1298:esters
1262:xiǎoqū
1256:-type
1240:Guilin
1162:(二锅头,
1154:Shanxi
1150:fénjiǔ
1145:Fenjiu
1128:, and
1083:Dalian
1027:whisky
1015:Baijiu
1000:baijiu
964:Maotai
917:Ganbei
891:baijiu
884:baijiu
837:baijiu
661:Korean
656:shōchū
644:baijiu
637:baijiu
631:. The
621::
619:pinyin
613::
603:millet
599:barley
566:liquor
552::
550:pinyin
544::
536::
517:báijiǔ
514::
512:pinyin
506::
499:Baijiu
475:Tâi-lô
239:báijiǔ
184:Baijiu
157:shōchū
148:baijiu
128:56–130
118:35–65%
114:
55:Baijiu
30:shōchū
6200:Lakka
6129:Beer
6006:Vodka
5956:Sulai
5941:Guaro
5911:Arkhi
5901:Sotol
5866:Agave
5859:Other
5778:Sulai
5734:Rice
5694:Beer
5652:Rakia
5622:Geist
5587:Orujo
5560:Țuică
5551:Plum
5530:Pisco
5490:Araqi
5445:Fruit
5393:Cauim
5368:Palek
5363:Intus
5348:Kilju
5328:Byais
5313:Byais
5293:Kumis
5278:Tuhak
5236:Other
5185:Kvass
5175:Tapuy
5170:Tapai
5165:Sonti
5130:Mirin
5125:Mijiu
5100:Chuak
5070:Agkud
5066:Rice
5035:Pozol
5030:Mageu
5026:Corn
4994:Pruno
4979:Jabol
4944:Rimon
4930:Plum
4914:Perry
4910:Pear
4784:Cider
4774:Fruit
4698:Yeast
4426:Pijiu
4416:Mijiu
4381:]
4347:]
4315:]
4308:Shede
4293:]
4276:]
4264:]
4252:]
4240:]
4228:]
4216:]
4130:]
4098:Guang
4093:]
4071:]
3943:S2CID
3732:photo
2874:Mijiu
2748:): a
2740:) or
2716:(洋河,
2661:Anhui
2656:(西鳳酒)
2622:Hunan
2612:near
2582:Hunan
2577:(老白干)
2558:Hebei
2537:(红星,
2474:(舍得酒)
2429:(水井坊)
2407:Yibin
2369:(摘要酒)
2229:Wuhan
2117:green
2078:Tuwei
2067:near
1855:(汾酒,
1845:2024)
1683:(特香,
1626:from
1547:(藥香,
1537:Hebei
1503:Hunan
1463:(脂香,
1452:(豉香,
1425:(酱菜,
1413:umami
1409:ester
1363:from
1353:from
1345:Yibin
1343:from
1200:杏花村汾酒
1174:(高粱,
1148:(汾酒,
1031:vodka
995:etc.
903:Baili
863:vodka
843:Image
752:China
605:, or
595:wheat
169:mijiu
136:Clear
133:Color
94:China
6484:List
6246:Egg
6118:Rakı
6113:Ouzo
6087:Arak
5961:Sura
5788:Korn
5784:Rye
5773:Soju
5642:Oghi
5582:Marc
5510:Arak
5496:Fig
5470:Feni
5374:Tea
5358:Basi
5338:Mead
5323:Bais
5273:Tubâ
5268:Tuak
5220:Boza
5215:Beer
5181:Rye
5155:Sato
5150:Sake
5090:Brem
4693:Wort
4514:Reeb
4064:Jiao
3973:2011
3933:ISBN
3902:PMID
3884:ISSN
3847:2011
3821:2011
3617:link
3599:PMID
3540:PMID
3470:2021
3412:2019
3367:2018
3336:2011
3273:2010
3261:Time
3228:2022
3199:2022
3168:2022
3155:ISBN
3091:PMID
3041:PMID
2995:2015
2931:Time
2881:Soju
2763:bing
2700:(四特)
2697:Site
2682:lit.
2674:古井貢酒
2606:lit.
2468:(郎酒)
2278:and
2225:lit.
2190:lit.
2101:lit.
2017:and
2015:rose
2011:lit.
1963:lit.
1949:lit.
1929:lit.
1838:(in
1796:and
1786:lit.
1726:竹葉青酒
1400:and
1254:spp.
1156:and
1041:and
1004:beer
938:Time
887:neat
831:and
665:soju
624:yìyǐ
589:and
587:rice
561:lit.
523:lit.
173:sake
161:soju
78:Type
37:soju
33:(焼酎)
6340:Gin
5946:Rum
5823:Ara
5545:Gin
5210:Ara
5205:Ale
5080:Apo
4123:Por
4118:Lei
4108:You
4103:Zun
4086:Zhi
4076:Jia
4059:Jue
3993:on
3925:doi
3892:PMC
3874:doi
3589:PMC
3579:doi
3530:PMC
3520:doi
3081:doi
3031:doi
2959:doi
2955:117
2755:yuk
2707::
2663::
2584::
2560::
2528::
2399:五糧液
2388::
2355:(貴州
2326:in
2318:in
2303:(貴州
2294::
2161:and
2105:tea
2071:in
2032:桂花酒
1969:in
1902:大直沽
1883:):
1804:in
1690:):
1668:):
1649:):
1630:in
1616:):
1591:):
1554:):
1528:):
1498:):
1470:):
1393:):
1293:):
1225:):
1110:):
1039:rum
1035:gin
695:水井坊
334:IPA
261:IPA
6501::
4379:zh
4345:zh
4313:zh
4291:zh
4274:zh
4262:zh
4250:zh
4238:zh
4226:zh
4214:zh
4128:zh
4113:Hu
4091:zh
4081:Gu
4069:zh
3941:.
3931:.
3900:.
3890:.
3882:.
3870:27
3868:.
3864:.
3791:.
3613:}}
3609:{{
3597:.
3587:.
3577:.
3565:.
3561:.
3538:.
3528:.
3518:.
3506:.
3502:.
3461:.
3443:.
3402:.
3383:.
3353:.
3308:.
3290:.
3259:.
3219:.
3207:^
3190:.
3176:^
3137:^
3121:^
3103:^
3089:.
3077:24
3075:.
3071:.
3039:.
3027:53
3025:.
3021:.
2973:^
2953:.
2949:.
2928:.
2910:.
2727::
2691::
2680:,
2676:,
2647::
2631::
2604:,
2600:,
2506:,
2498:,
2486:,
2401:,
2358:習酒
2330:.
2309:,
2306:茅台
2249:,
2246:白酒
2223:,
2219:,
2213:碧绿
2188:,
2176:竹叶
2099:,
2095:,
2092:茶酒
2059:,
2009:,
1961:,
1947:,
1927:,
1913:.
1891:,
1869:qu
1818:,
1815:红星
1784:,
1780:,
1760:qu
1673:qu
1609:,
1584:,
1567:qu
1563:qu
1533:qu
1511:qu
1507:qu
1386:,
1367:,
1333:,
1321:,
1286:,
1268:).
1266:qu
1258:Qu
1242:,
1218:,
1203:).
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