Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)

2182:. On 4 February 2012, the executive committee of the Ba'ath Movement released a communiqué condemning the provisional Tunisian government's expulsion of the Syrian ambassador. The Ba'ath Movement expressed solidarity with the Syrian protesters and condemned the shooting of unarmed demonstrators. The committee predicted that the Syrian ambassador's expulsion would militarise the conflict, mobilising Arab opinion against the government and leading to military intervention. After the revolution, the Arab Democratic Vanguard Party emerged as second "Iraqi" Baathist Party in Tunisia. Its membership is younger and its political position more at the left of the historically Baath Movement and is headed by Kheireddine Souabni and Ahmed Seddik. The Ba'ath Movement is a member of the 1141:. The two movements established separate National Commands; the National Command was in theory the highest party body in both movements and controlled their respective ba'athist movements. However, in both countries the National Command was under the control of its respective Regional Command. In the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath movement, all National Command members came from their regional branch—for instance, there was always a member representing the Ba'ath Party branch in Jordan. In theory, the National Command was the highest party organ between national congresses, with the power to control the affairs of Regional Commands in other regions (countries). 1953:, the pro-Syrian Ba'ath organisation in Palestine had over the ba'athist movement. In contrast to al-Sa'iqa, the ALF never had access to a large recruitment pool. There were few Palestinians in Iraq, and the Palestinians living in Iraq were generally well-educated. Because of this, ALF could not and would never have the same degree of influence over the Palestinian movement as al-Sa'iqa did. This caused the ALF to be controlled by the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement, thus weakening its effectiveness and influence, but saving it from infighting between 1868:, and Iraq–Mauritania relations became so close that (inaccurate) rumors circulated internationally that Saddam's family had taken refuge in the country following the American invasion. Repression against the ba'athists has not been reduced. In 2003, several ba'athists were jailed on suspicion of trying to overthrow the government. A reason for the close relationship between Iraq and Mauritania was the strength of the Mauritanian ba'athist party. The party was banned in 1999 following the official instauration of bilateral relations with 301: 170: 2076: 1533: 10155: 10643: 8617: 8281: 1180: 11425: 8679: 9557: 8332: 9398: 9184: 10695: 11847: 10983: 9971: 11964: 8860: 2167:. Omar Othman Belhadj, Secretary-General of the executive committee of the Ba'ath Movement, said that "Hussein's execution was symbolic, they did not kill a person but rather the ideas he represented and fought for. Hussein was killed for being against colonization and for being a defender of Arab unity and independence of Arab countries". He further noted that he did not support killing 1405:

Under previous Ba'ath-party rule, one could not reach a high position in the government or a school without becoming a party member and party membership was a prerequisite for university admission. While many Ba'athists joined for ideological reasons, many more were members because it was a way to better their options. Following pressure by the United States, the policy of

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a trial began in which 25 Libyan Ba'athists were charged with membership in an illegal organisation and they were freed after torture. The following year, they were re-tried on the same charge: three were sentenced to death and others to life in prison. The arrests and trials of the 1980s led to the dissolution of the Libyan regional Ba'athist organisation.

1849:) to field candidates for senate elections. However, the party secured only one percent of the vote nationwide and did not secure a seat in either Parliament or the Senate. Kabry Ould Taleb Jiddou, the party's leader, was awarded the office of Secretary of State by the newly elected Government because of his electoral campaign. 2022:

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Country of Sudan is the regional branch of the Ba'ath Party in Sudan. Kamal Bolad was the Regional Secretary in 1989 and Taiseer Mutassir was the Regional Secretary in 1990. While the branch has always been small, accounting for an estimated 1,000 members in 2003, it

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The first pro-Iraqi activities was in 1968, but it was organizationally established in 1972. The Mauritanian Ba'athist divide their history into two phases: founding (1976–1982) and deployment (1982–1990). There is little available information on the 1968–1970 period and Ba'athist activity started in

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Amr Taher Deghayes, founder of the Libyan Ba'ath branch, was later arrested by Gaddafi's security forces and died after three days in jail. Deghayes' death allegedly sparked a large anti-government demonstration (which was crushed), followed by the imprisonment of several leading Ba'athists. In 1982,

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In its first regional congress since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Regional Command alleged it would publicize an alleged letter from Saddam Hussein. However, the Jordanian press largely ignored the event. Today, in contrast to Ba'athist ideology both the pro-Iraq and pro-Syrian Ba'ath branches are

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The party was able to gain some support in the 1990s because of its status as a Ba'ath Party branch and it was able to help finance thousands of scholarships to Iraqi universities. However, with the 2003 invasion of Iraq the party was nearly forced into bankruptcy and lost most of its followers when

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Mohamed Ould Abdellahi Ould Eyye, the party's leader, was arrested in 2003 after a large anti-government protest demanding that the government break off relations with Israel and the United States and help Saddam Hussein. He and 13 other ba'athists were arrested by government forces and the party's

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However, the existence of the pro-Iraqi Lebanese branch of the Ba'ath party has much longer roots. Following the 1966 split in the Ba'ath movement with party members split between Syrian and Iraqi allegiances, the Iraqi wing was led by Abd al-Majid Rafei. Other prominent members at the time of the

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In Iraq, the Ba'ath party remained a civilian group and lacked strong support from the military. The party had little impact and the movement split into several factions after 1958 and again in 1966. The movement was reported to have lacked strong popular support, but through the construction of a

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because the new administration proclaimed its goal as "liberty, socialism and unity", rather than "unity, liberty, socialism" (the Ba'ath Party's slogan). This change in order was important because of the ideological split between the Ba'athists and the Nasserists. Following Gaddafi's revolution,

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and colleges—was criticized for blocking too many experienced people from participation in the new government. Thousands were removed from their positions, including doctors, professors, schoolteachers and bureaucrats. Many teachers lost their jobs, sparking protests at schools and universities.

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The party was outlawed in the early 1990s and two Iraqi Intelligence Officials were detained on 14 April 1991 with $ 38,000 in their possession, money which the Egyptian authorities claimed was to be used to fund sabotage operations in Egypt. Several other Egyptian Ba'athists, including the poet

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worked side by side in the National Front, but with tension increasing between the Syrian and Iraqi Ba'athist factions the two parties were on a war footing. The party was active in 1960s demonstrations and al-Rafei was detained by Lebanese authorities for his political activities, but he was a

1217:), is led by Ahmed Choutri (secretary of the Regional Command). The party is banned and Choutri was forced to flee to Iraq during the 1990s because of governmental repression against the Algerian Ba'ath movement. The party sympathises with the Iraqi Ba'athist insurgency and supports 1957:

and Ba'athists (a problem in al-Sa'iqa). However, the ALF's influence weakened periodically during its history due to infighting in the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement. Because of the control the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement had over the ALF, the ALF always held a pro-Iraqi position in the

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The party carried out clandestine political activity until 1990 and was registered as the National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party on 10 February 1997. It had initially sought to register as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1995, but that name was given by the authorities to the

1466:. A Jordanian academic, talking to the American embassy in Amman, Jordan, said that "there are far more real Ba'athists outside the party than inside", noting that the present party is downplaying (and even replacing) ideological components to get more followers. 1170:

leader of the Ba'ath Party on 3 January 2007. As Secretary of the Iraqi Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, he was the highest-ranked surviving member of the former Ba'ath party. Since November 3 2020, the party is headed by Salah Al-Mukhtar.

10377: 1158:. Aflaq was elected Secretary-General of the National Command at the Ninth National Congress, held in February 1968 in Beirut, Lebanon, by the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party. He retained his post until his death in 1989, when he was succeeded by 2159:) was established at its First Congress on 3–5 June 2011 and legally registered on 22 January 2011. However, ba'athists have been active in underground politics since the 1950s. The Ba'ath Movement celebrated the fifth anniversary of the 1710:

lawyer 'Umran Burweiss. The LNM (still in existence) was originally financed by Iraqi Ba'athists and produced relatively high-quality propaganda materials. For example, it issued audio cassettes which were smuggled into Libya with

1763:, the Ba'ath were harassed and in between 1982 and 1983 55 Ba'athists were arrested by the government. However, by 1986–1987 the Ba'ath had managed to infiltrate the officer corps and the enlisted ranks, making them a threat to 1458:, the popularity of the Ba'ath Party has largely diminished, but Ba'athist ideology remains popular. The reason being that both Ba'ath parties (the pro-Iraqi and the pro-Syrian) have replaced ideology with blind allegiance to 2254:

in alliance with the pro-Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, winning seven seats. After the election, relations between the two Ba'athist groups soured and they contested further elections separately. The party contested the

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After collaborating with the Arab nationalist Sudanese government for years, the Ba'ath Party broke off relations and became an opposition party in 1990—this would have disturbed Iraq if Sudan had not supported it during the

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became a member, but no figures from the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath Party were given a seat on the committee. Tahsein al-Atrash, leader of the Ba'ath branch at the time, was shot dead in November 1981. The party was a member of the

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The Ba'ath branch was denied legal registration in 1992. The party was legally registered in 1993, but forced to change its name from the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to the Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

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to help them in their quest. In the period 1978–1984, the party intensified its effort of recruiting members within the military establishment. The Ba'ath party was one of the most fervent supporters of the

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and contends that it is unfair for ethnic Bahrainis to compete equally with foreign workers for jobs. The Nationalist Democratic Assembly remains pro-Saddam Hussein and according to its webpage supports the

3339:[Political Report of the Second Congress of the Party, the Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard (XVII)] (in Arabic). Second Congress of the Socialist Lebanon Vanguard Party. Almansore.com. Archived from 1384:

to identify themselves as cultural heirs of Mesopotamia with a medieval-Islamic identity. Saddam Hussein sought to be seen as leader of a great neo-Mesopotamian Iraqi nation by having himself compared to

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strong party apparatus the party succeeded in gaining power. The Iraqi-based party was originally committed to pan-Arabism (like its Syrian counterpart). After taking power in 1968, the party adopted

1439:, who joined the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath resistance in 1966, eventually became an ALF leader. From there, he climbed the party ladder and became a member of the National Command before he was placed under 6770: 6677: 6111: 5906: 4917: 10238: 4952:[Values of the Baath and the genius of the martyred leader Saddam Hussein's martyrdom day incarnation] (in Arabic). National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region. Archived from 4815: 4110:"Mauritania Relations with Arab States - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System" 2271:, the party obtained 23,745 votes (0.4 percent of the national vote) and again failed to re-enter parliament. However, it won two district-council seats in the 2006 local council elections. 1508:

In a 1995 poll, 16.8 percent of Jordanians said they were aware that the Iraqi Ba'ath branch existed, making the Ba'ath branch the third-best-known political party in Jordan (surpassing the

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policies in Mauritania. Because of their efforts, Mohammed Yehdih Ould Breideleil, the Ba'ath leader, was appointed Minister of Information for a short period in 1984. Under the rule of

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in the 1970s, with pro-Baghdad and pro-Damascus groups competing for political dominance over the front. This split contributed to the downfall of the ELF and the emergence of the

6775: 5116:[National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Hodeidah breaks its relationship with the ruling party after the massacre of peaceful protesters in Sanaa] (in Arabic). Felix News 5768: 12018: 30:

This article is about the pan-Arab Ba'ath Party, which is Iraqi-led but has branches in multiple countries. For the Ba'ath Party's regional branch established in 1951, see

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split were Jihad George Karam, Rafiq Nasib Alfaqiya, Karam Mohamed Assahli, Hani Mohamed Shoiab, Ammar Mohamed Shabli, Hassan Khalil Gharib and Asaf Habin Alharakat.

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Omar once told a journalist, "the Syrian regime has turned against the Ba'ath and is no longer Ba'athist one". The party does not support Syria's expulsion from the

1798:, the Ba'ath party lost its popular appeal and the financial aid from the Iraqi embassy dried up. By 1990, there was not much left of the original Ba'ath movement. 2008:

arrested Salem in October 2002. Shahir Abu Shahut, former leader of the Jordanian Ba'ath branch, led the Ba'ath branch in Palestine from 1970 to 1975 from Baghdad.

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political force in the country. The branch has maintained good relations with the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party, even after Saddam Hussein's downfall following the

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as the dominant liberation movement. A key pro-Iraqi Ba'athist was Abdel Gadir Jeilani, who became the leader of the ELF-PLF-Revolutionary Council in the 1980s.

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considered largely irrelevant in the Jordanian political scene. It is suffering from financial problems and it is criticized by religious Jordanians for its

10118: 5043: 11410: 10718: 10680: 10553: 9545: 8664: 8317: 6709: 2048: 2017: 804: 17: 10447: 9740: 9383: 8416: 6740: 5439: 1615: 1257:. The group is led by Hassan Ali as Secretary General and Mahmoud Kassab as Deputy Secretary General. It was established by Bahrainis who had studied in 730: 4921: 1833:

or PAGN), was founded in 1991 and it replaced the old Ba'ath movement which had disintegrated in 1990. The Mauritanian Ba'ath Party remains the largest

11835: 10968: 9956: 8040: 6954: 1400:(CPA) banned the Ba'ath party. The additional step the CPA took—banning all members of the top four tiers of the Ba'ath Party from the new government, 11885: 11000: 8845: 6787: 6765: 6667: 2232: 1310: 872: 830: 646: 4752: 4051: 11388: 10503: 9852: 9846: 9523: 9110: 8642: 8525: 8295: 6672: 4819: 1512:, the Syrian Ba'athist branch, by over 10 percent in the poll). In 2003 it was estimated that the party had fewer than 200 members. According to a 1370: 1151: 1144:

Delegates to a National Congress elected the members of the National Command, who were eligible for reelection. While the National Command had few

667: 253: 31: 11568: 5088:[Temporary leadership of the Baath Arab Socialist National freeze peace and fragmentation of the party accused] (in Arabic). Assafir Press 2211:) is led by Qassem Salam Said as Secretary of the Regional Command while Abdulwahid Hawash serves as Deputy Secretary. It publishes the newspaper 2063:. The following year, after the invasion of Iraq 80 Sudanese Ba'athists return to Sudan under the condition that they would stay out of politics. 10770: 3225: 1620: 9361: 9147: 3303: 12137: 11996: 10630: 9870: 8465: 5366: 1043: 851: 630: 609: 4624: 11813: 11434: 11150: 10946: 10658: 10479: 10322: 10102: 9934: 9858: 8510: 8070: 7517: 7130: 1872:. The National Vanguard Party was accused of developing plans in collaboration with the Iraqi government to foment unrest in the country. 1413:. This purported to ease the policy, but many feared it would lead to further dismissals. The Ba'ath Party was led by Saddam's former deputy 651: 561: 2051:, the body ruling Sudan, the Ba'ath branched was oppressed by the authorities. Later in 1990, 26 Ba'athi military officers were executed in 1691:

several People's Committees were established. These committees (which at the beginning were led by the people) arrested several ba'athists.

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and the other half with its leadership in Baghdad. The two Ba'ath parties retained the same name and maintained parallel structures in the

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has been able to have a bigger impact than what its meager membership numbers would suggest, mostly due to Iraqi financing of the branch.

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after a failed military coup. In 2002, a group led by Mohamad Ali Jadein broke away from the branch and established the independent

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several months later. The party's regional organisation governed Iraq between 1968 and 2003, for many years under the leadership of

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document dating back to 2007, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party figure Ahmed Al Dmour was considered one of the biggest threats to

1337:, whether by Israel, Turkey or Iran, as the party believes all such countries have ulterior motives and seek to undermine Syria. 589: 109: 1884:, abbreviated PTUN). However, while PTUN is close to the Iraqi Ba'ath party branch, the group is small and largely inactive. 12207: 12127: 11828: 11754: 11649: 10961: 10424: 10175: 10126: 9949: 9301: 9265: 8550: 7522: 2087: 1627:

al-Rafi was elected to parliament from Tripoli. Ali al-Khalil, a former member, was elected from Tyre. The party was active in

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Note: for the 1st–8th National Congresses, see the national congresses held by the unified, pre-February 1966 Ba'ath Party.

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headquarters were raided in May. Another pro-Iraqi Ba'ath party did take its place, the Party for Work and National Unity (

1274: 1266: 1262: 1155: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12172: 12152: 11772: 11396: 11298: 11231: 11135: 11105: 11055: 10666: 10569: 9531: 9392: 9178: 8650: 8520: 8350: 8303: 8060: 8005: 7215: 7180: 6745: 5143: 2725:[Democratic Rally: Do not drop the slogan of the system due to certain circumstances] (in Arabic). Islamtimes.org 1959: 767: 2900: 2744: 1974:) froze his seat on the committee in protest, instead of following the example (resignation) of the Rejectionist Front. 1734:

earnest in the early 1970s. The party's first clandestine congress was held in 1976. They opposed the rule of President

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by Iraqi authorities. Shahir Abu Shahut became the first leader of the party branch in Jordan after the 1966 split.

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toppled the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party, headquartered in Baghdad. This weakened the movement and since the

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At the time of the 1966 split, the Jordanian branch had an estimated 1,000 members. It was active in the

846: 571: 556: 4058: 2043:. Members have historically been torn between the Ba'ath and other secular party movements, such as the 11940: 11890: 11742: 11611: 11583: 11349: 11140: 10790: 10327: 10293: 9452: 9407: 8905: 8555: 8131: 8124: 8055: 7734: 7496: 7388: 7381: 7200: 7120: 6369: 6350: 5444: 4525: 4084: 3287:

Islamic Extremism in Kuwait: From the Muslim Brotherhood to Al-Qaeda and other Islamic Political Groups

3263: 2111: 1967: 1645: 465: 460: 3233: 3065: 11986: 11692: 11682: 11639: 11601: 11596: 11354: 11313: 11206: 10912: 10907: 10897: 10745: 9606: 9245: 8704: 8699: 8545: 8535: 8455: 8362: 8284: 8085: 7975: 7872: 7561: 7539: 7439: 7270: 7079: 6892: 3588: 3311: 3010: 1354: 237: 12062: 11766: 11736: 11644: 11624: 11308: 11241: 10871: 10780: 10775: 10031: 10016: 9986: 9840: 9474: 9027: 8779: 7593: 7190: 7041: 6156: 6091: 5941: 5641: 5205: 5135: 5048:[Arab political parties: Yemen: the Arab Socialist Baath Party, the National] (in Arabic). 4335: 3650: 3617: 3551: 3495: 3462: 3429: 2511: 2056: 2044: 1795: 1699: 1485:). Khalil Haddadeen, Jordan's former minister of information, was elected to Parliament during the 945: 1563:

As of 1983 the branch was led by Faisal al-Sani. The Kuwaiti Ba'ath Party branch collapsed during

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branch of the party had sided with the uprising after violent attacks on protesters in the city.

2183: 2133: 1954: 1802: 1724: 762: 537: 329: 3256:"Jordanian Municipal Elections: The Islamist - Government Showdowns In Irbid, Karak, And Madaba" 11950: 11925: 11659: 11654: 11579: 11236: 11201: 11196: 11086: 10841: 10826: 10806: 10760: 10750: 10561: 10405: 10087: 9996: 9864: 9416: 9207: 9060: 8887: 8747: 8560: 7673: 7225: 7031: 6561: 6541: 6531: 6481: 6286: 6261: 6196: 6101: 6036: 5981: 5936: 5636: 5541: 5139: 4989:[Political parties in the Republic of Yemen] (in Arabic). National Information Center. 3128: 2036: 2005: 1988:

The ALF's first leader was Zaid Haydar from the Jordanian Ba'ath branch. Other leaders include

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A disorganised pro-Iraqi Ba'ath guerilla movement existed before the establishment of the

1852:

The branch supports full Arabization of the country, a view considered racist by critics.

8: 11945: 11802: 11629: 11115: 10861: 10851: 10755: 9923: 9434: 9042: 8993: 8812: 8724: 8631: 8475: 8256: 7613: 7546: 6876: 6581: 6424: 6291: 6246: 6216: 6201: 6041: 6031: 6021: 6006: 5351: 4990: 4555:

The Palestine Liberation Organization: Terrorism and Prospects for Peace in the Holy Land

4454: 4175: 3870: 3837: 3804: 3771: 3748: 3336:التقرير السياسي الصادر عن المؤتمر الثاني لحزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي ( السابع عشر ) 2968: 2905: 2697:[Statement issued by the Nationalist Democratic Assembly] (in Arabic). Ahewar.org 2137: 3367:. London: I. B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Lebanese Studies, 2004. p. 331 11672: 11503: 10876: 10811: 10281: 10061: 9834: 9512: 9350: 9086: 8893: 8398: 8261: 8241: 8201: 8117: 8100: 8075: 7882: 7693: 7683: 7663: 7633: 7608: 7205: 7150: 6861: 6546: 6521: 6409: 6241: 6146: 5956: 5926: 5809: 5743: 5563: 5402: 5356: 5346: 5197: 4139: 3936: 3683: 3197: 3095: 1963: 1735: 1728: 1632: 1568: 506: 496: 241: 144: 139: 7877: 4691:

Darfur and the International Community: The Challenges of Conflict Resolution in Sudan

2720: 2542:[Nationalist Democratic Assembly] (in Arabic). Nationalist Democratic Assembly 1985:

coordinated much of the ALF's activities the ALF has also been considerably weakened.

12041: 11760: 11508: 11377: 11097: 10935: 10730: 9772: 9635: 8917: 8530: 8221: 7912: 7847: 7762: 7742: 7036: 6571: 6536: 6476: 6306: 6121: 6086: 6016: 6011: 5991: 5946: 5789: 5573: 5407: 4702: 4595: 4566: 4533: 4470: 4434: 4376: 4343: 4305: 4245: 4216: 4183: 4147: 3944: 3911: 3878: 3845: 3812: 3779: 3724: 3691: 3658: 3625: 3592: 3559: 3503: 3470: 3437: 3377: 3205: 3169: 3136: 3103: 3018: 2976: 2940: 2851: 2820: 2816:

Third World Colonialism and Strategies of Liberation: Eritrea and East Timor Compared

2452: 2423: 2394: 2365: 2336: 2303: 2287: 2032: 1861: 1788: 1784: 1386: 1377: 1298: 1221:, leader of the Iraqi branch. Following his return to Algeria in 2003, Choutri wrote 909: 511: 491: 233: 205:, until 2003. It is one of two parties (with identical names) which emerged from the 5012: 4843:"Tunisian Political Parties respond to the suspension of Syria from the Arab League" 2692: 11870: 11498: 10765: 9746: 9695: 9579: 9440: 9235: 9138: 9010: 8981: 8957: 8922: 8875: 8155: 7862: 7827: 7797: 7792: 7767: 7576: 7462: 7324: 7314: 7074: 6551: 6301: 6296: 6186: 6166: 6151: 5961: 5931: 5849: 5819: 5814: 5733: 5546: 5464: 5371: 3528: 2179: 1978: 1856:

introduced an anti-ba'athist policy which continued under his successor, President

1834: 1703: 1628: 1334: 1083: 1015: 972: 576: 124: 57: 2841: 12031: 11880: 11875: 11792: 11718: 11558: 11523: 11470: 11367: 10925: 10647: 10416: 10395: 10267: 9787: 9781: 9728: 9650: 9644: 9612: 9502: 9340: 8975: 8969: 8802: 8714: 8621: 8206: 8175: 8170: 8015: 7955: 7902: 7832: 7812: 7787: 7777: 7678: 7556: 7412: 6949: 6939: 6866: 6812: 6434: 6414: 6311: 6276: 6271: 6256: 6221: 6141: 6131: 6071: 5986: 5889: 5884: 5874: 5839: 5799: 5753: 5728: 5658: 5616: 5583: 5228: 5192: 5053: 4918:"Tunisie, Sondage : Ennahdha et Nidaa Tounes en tête des intentions de vote" 4869: 3969: 3584: 3161: 2216: 2201: 2168: 2152: 2141: 2129: 1989: 1926: 1877: 1826: 1806: 1683: 1594: 1572: 1475: 1463: 1436: 1330: 1316: 1240: 1210: 1199: 1134: 1130: 1008: 436: 406: 401: 339: 210: 183: 155: 75: 4420: 4202: 3987: 2243:

this position caused an internal split. In March 2011, it was reported that the

11900: 11277: 11221: 9991: 9327: 9280: 9260: 9102: 9016: 8911: 8586: 8460: 8211: 8050: 7945: 7940: 7907: 7897: 7887: 7857: 7782: 7772: 7653: 7581: 7476: 7406: 7329: 6959: 6591: 6526: 6471: 6419: 6384: 6326: 6321: 6136: 6126: 6051: 6001: 5869: 5804: 5794: 5748: 5668: 5631: 5611: 5568: 5536: 5454: 5449: 5381: 5289: 5017: 4870:"Tunisia: Baath Party Condemns President's Decision to Expel Syrian Ambassador" 2164: 1982: 1780: 1772: 1715:

during the 1980s. The organisation also produced broadcasts for Radio Baghdad.

1679: 1649: 1285: 1159: 1071: 977: 471: 431: 421: 411: 386: 319: 249: 3304:"Kuwait Receives Iraqi Political Figures In Run-up To Parliamentary Elections" 1775:'s approval, expelled and banned Ba'athist personnel in the military in 1988. 216:

In 1966, the original Ba'ath Party was split in half; one half was led by the

12056: 11702: 10725: 10226: 9710: 9588: 8940: 8596: 8216: 7842: 7822: 7757: 7709: 7623: 7349: 7344: 6964: 6516: 6511: 6404: 6336: 6316: 6236: 6191: 6181: 6081: 5996: 5859: 5844: 5738: 4309: 4249: 3226:"Jordan's Political Parties: Islamists, Leftists, Nationalists And Centrists" 2870: 2059:, which has no affiliation with neither the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement nor the 1447: 1409:

was addressed by the Iraqi government in January 2008 with its controversial

1278: 265: 169: 5085:قيادة مؤقتة لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي تجمد سلام وتتهمه بتفتيت الحزب 4953: 3340: 1841:. The party was able to field candidates for parliamentary seats during the 11969: 11528: 11518: 10540: 9793: 8784: 8368: 8251: 7892: 7752: 7747: 7603: 7529: 7481: 7334: 7319: 6807: 6750: 6161: 5864: 5784: 5706: 5663: 5531: 5515: 5510: 5320: 5164: 5111: 5107: 5079: 5039: 4980: 4943: 4913: 4816:"Tunisian Baath Party Celebrates 5th Anniversary of Saddam Hussein's Death" 4133: 3396: 3189: 3087: 2716: 2688: 2660: 2595: 2561: 2533: 2264: 1950: 1707: 1440: 1122: 1062: 788: 391: 292: 194: 128: 1635:, the Lebanese parliament formed the National Dialogue Committee in 1975. 11730: 11548: 7867: 7724: 7571: 7566: 7512: 7491: 7364: 7339: 6969: 6586: 6331: 6251: 6226: 6211: 6206: 6171: 6096: 5854: 5834: 5711: 5685: 5169:"President Saleh calls on local councils to hold a meeting on 1 November" 2664: 2537: 2328: 2240: 2175: 2031:. In 1990, the party was composed largely of students who had studied in 1993: 1756: 1636: 1290: 1198:

The party branch in Algeria, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria (

987: 416: 10642: 8616: 2887:

Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts, Volume II

2075: 1532: 10154: 10011: 10001: 8709: 7802: 7719: 7714: 7643: 7359: 6566: 5966: 5168: 4789: 4694: 2040: 1776: 1502: 225: 1992:, Abd al-Rahim Ahmad and Mahmud Isma'il. Most recently, it was led by 1738:

and used most of their early years in trying to infiltrate the ruling

1179: 10244: 10220: 9734: 9716: 9594: 9230: 8694: 7486: 7354: 5424: 4756: 4663: 4628: 4494: 4491:"Summary Of Political Parties And Coalitions In Mauritania, May 2006" 4462: 4368: 3307: 3259: 3229: 3158:

Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian–Iraqi Relations

3061: 2932: 2001: 1746:, the Ba'ath branch took the conscious decision of trying to recruit 1687: 1513: 1494: 1459: 1390: 992: 982: 132: 4625:"Sudan And The Arabs: Possibly Step-sisters; Certainly Not Brothers" 4522:

The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics

2171:, saying that Gaddafi had a right to a fair trial like anyone else. 1593:

It is presently known as the Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party (

10332: 10214: 10183: 8769: 8732: 8226: 7935: 7431: 7110: 4558: 4426: 4208: 2244: 2178:

and asserts that foreign nations should play a neutral role in the

2132:, was established in 1955, but the Ba'ath Party was outlawed under 2052: 2028: 1997: 1865: 1623:. The party expanded during the first half of the 1970s and in the 1564: 1146: 526: 516: 217: 5045:الأحزاب السياسية العربية: اليمن: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي 11724: 11533: 11493: 11424: 9556: 8678: 8480: 8331: 1747: 1435:(ALF) and the ALF's first leader was the Jordanian, Zaid Haydar. 1254: 198: 88: 3332: 2962: 9397: 9183: 8445: 4271:"SADDAM SENDS FAMILY, OFFICIALS TO MAURITANIA, THE BBC REPORTS" 3400: 1869: 1381: 3058:"The Baath Party In Jordan: Short On Funds And Members Madaba" 1656:. Throughout its existence, it has controlled the Palestinian 182:(spelled "Ba'th" or "Baath", "resurrection" or "renaissance"; 12019:

Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf

11846: 10982: 10694: 10473: 10467: 9970: 8030: 4588:

Dictionary of the African Left: Parties, Movements and Groups

4421:

Banks, Arhur S.; Muller, Thomas; Overstreet, William (2008).

4329: 4203:

Banks, Arhur S.; Muller, Thomas; Overstreet, William (2008).

2601:"التجمع القومي" خامس جمعية تعلن مقاطعتها للانتخابات التكميلية 2209:

Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-Arabi Al-Ishtiraki Al-Qawmi – Qutr Al-Yaman

2047:. Because of Saddam Hussein's amicable relationship with the 1497:. Currently, the Ba'ath branch has no members of parliament. 1455: 4949:قيم البعث وعبقرية القائد الشهيد صدام حسين تجسدا يوم استشهاده 4000: 2722:التجمع الديمقراطي: عدم رفع شعار إسقاط النظام سببه ظروف معينة 2633:"Attorney Calls for further investigation into the incident" 1333:

of Syria, although calls for no foreign intervention in the

228:, but relations became so antagonistic that Syria supported 8859: 4365:

Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders

2669:[News] (in Arabic). Nationalist Democratic Assembly 2259:(failing to win any seats) and called for a boycott of the 2186:, a communist-dominated front with strong popular backing. 1937: 1505:, while others are weary of its Arab nationalist ideology. 1451: 1183:

Ba'athist Iraq's hegemonic ambitions between 1963 and 2003.

1150:

powers, many of its leading members also held seats in the

229: 202: 193:), also referred to as the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a 10599:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid ‘Abd al-Majid)

4362: 2929:

The Future Catches Up: Transnational Parties and Democracy

2901:"Iraq's New Law on Ex-Baathists Could Bring Another Purge" 2892: 2445:

Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000

4332:

Globalization, Human Security, and the African Experience

4007:

Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies

2812: 2200:

The National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region (

1682:, a new revolutionary government was established, led by 1353:

Ba'athist organizations emerged in the leadership of the

5227: 5134: 4134:

Lane, Jan-Erik; Redissi, Hamadi; Ṣaydāwī, Riyāḍ (2009).

3986:. Vol. 111–12. London: IC Magazines. 1984. p. 3930: 3278: 2635:["النيابة" تطلب مواصلة التحري في حادث "الزنج"]. 4786:"Tunisian Baathists have strong standing: party leader" 4723:"Wide Reactions to Jadein Group Statement by Baathists" 3155: 2478: 2106:

The Syrian branch of the Iraqi-led party supported the

1470:

it failed to finance the return of students from Iraq.

4172:

A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East

3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3007:

Nationalist Voices in Jordan: The Street and the State

2128:

The first Ba'athist branch in Tunisia, then under the

1631:

and was built with generous aid from Iraq. During the

3966:

Political Parties of the Middle East and North Africa

3677: 3581:

Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa

3333:

Socialist Lebanon Vanguard Party (29 December 2010).

3004: 2926: 2843:

Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia

11959: 10591:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Samir Ghawshah)

4136:

Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization

3402:جمعية سياسية باسم "حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي" 2049:

Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation

1820: 1261:

during the 1960s and 1970s. The party boycotted the

10857:

Sudanese Communist Party – Revolutionary Leadership

4453: 4057:. The Moor Next Door. November 2010. Archived from 4052:"An Overview of Ba'athist tendencies in Mauritania" 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 3031: 2898: 2235:. Politically, the party is allied with the ruling 2196:

National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region

1579:, has been accused of trying to rebuild the party. 1207:

Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki fi Al-Jaza'ir

10446: 8041:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 6955:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 5140:"Yemen: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" 4892:"Tunisia: Splintered history of the Tunisian Left" 4654: 4652: 4650: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4236:Anderson, Jack; Atta, Dale Van (20 January 1991). 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 3897: 3423: 2899:Paley, Amit R.; Joshua Partlow (23 January 2008). 2286: 1845:and was the only party (with the exception of the 1273:was boycotted by the party in solidarity with the 10504:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 5010: 4688: 4552: 2839: 2799:The Terrorist List: The Middle East, Volume 1 A-K 2507:"Bahrainis take to the streets over job security" 2442: 1253:) represents the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party in 1162:. After Saddam was executed on 30 December 2006, 12054: 10554:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar) 8526:National Front of Independents for Understanding 5440:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 4585: 4298:"WAR IN THE GULF; Another Report On Hussein Kin" 3713:The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force 3710: 3647:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3644: 3614:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3611: 3548:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3545: 3492:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3489: 3459:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3456: 2806: 2413: 2384: 2355: 1860:. However, the Mauritanian Government supported 1742:and state institutions. In the aftermath of the 1483:Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki Al-Urduniy 1315:The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region ( 4647: 4608: 4017: 3386:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. p. 79 2694:بيان صادر عن التجمع القومي الديمقراطي في العراق 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2385:Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. (2004). 2356:Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. (2004). 238:U.S.-led coalition against Iraq in the Gulf War 11997:Organisation of Yemeni Revolutionary Resistors 10631:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 10480:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 5367:National Council for the Revolutionary Command 4809: 4807: 4519: 3522: 3298: 3296: 3122: 1614:At first, the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath branch and the 1121:, which overthrew the Aflaqite faction led by 11829: 11404: 11151:Movement for Justice and Development in Syria 10962: 10674: 10432: 10134: 10103:National Conference for the Libyan Opposition 9950: 9539: 9377: 9163: 8839: 8658: 8511:National Party for Solidarity and Development 8311: 8071:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7518:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7447: 7131:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria 5213: 4169: 3963: 3578: 2206:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي - قطر اليمن 2018:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan 1604:Hizb Al-Taliyeh Lubnan Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki 1037: 244:in Iraq for the first time in 1963, but were 8506:National Movement for Nature and Development 6918: 5163: 5106: 5078: 5038: 4942: 4920:(in French). Tunivisions.net. Archived from 4912: 4235: 3864: 3831: 3798: 3765: 3188: 3086: 2958: 2956: 2715: 2687: 2659: 2594: 2560: 2532: 2504: 2481:"Baath Party resumes underground activities" 2479:Belamry, Algiers-Ramada (8 September 2008). 2465: 1962:(PLO). The ALF was a founding member of the 1602: 1248: 9723:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 9625:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 4804: 4780: 4778: 3293: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2963:Matter, Philip; Fischbach, Michael (2005). 2819:. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. 2570:[Nationalist Democratic Assembly]. 2416:Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region 2325:Bush in Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq 1324:Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-Arabi Al-Ishtiraki – Misr 1301:, with a peaceful transition to democracy. 197:political party which was headquartered in 27:Iraqi-dominated faction of the Ba'ath party 11836: 11822: 11411: 11397: 10969: 10955: 10681: 10667: 10615:Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party 10439: 10425: 10141: 10127: 10047:National Party for Development and Welfare 9957: 9943: 9546: 9532: 9384: 9370: 9170: 9156: 8846: 8832: 8665: 8651: 8451:Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism 8318: 8304: 7454: 7440: 5220: 5206: 4867: 4840: 4813: 3525:The parliamentary election of Lebanon 1968 3284: 2322: 1882:Parti pour le Travail et l'Unité Nationale 1847:Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal 1311:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region 1044: 1030: 168: 12098:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 11607:Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties 10546:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Abbas) 10108:National Front for the Salvation of Libya 10057:Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya 7012:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party 2953: 2500: 2498: 1752:The Baaʿth and the Haratine in Mauritania 1371:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 900:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party 254:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 32:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 11911:Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation 10771:Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North 9038:Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council 8151:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 8081:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 8046:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 6975:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 4979: 4775: 4330:Thomas, Caroline; Wilkin, Peter (1999). 4082: 3825: 3395: 2989: 2881: 2879: 2833: 2795: 2627: 2625: 1970:. Abdel-Wahhab Kayyali (a member of the 1178: 12002:Revolutionary Democratic Party of Yemen 11079:Popular Front for Change and Liberation 10354:2023 Mauritanian parliamentary election 9067:Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress 8026:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 8011:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 7116:Front of Patriotic and National Parties 7095:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces 6945:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 4001:Shaked, Haim; Daniel Dishon (1983–84). 110:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 14: 12055: 11262:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 11126:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 8899:Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation 8602:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria 8021:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 7027:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 4975: 4973: 4971: 4083:Archives, L. A. Times (29 June 1987). 2495: 2114:against the Syrian Ba'ath government. 1223:The Baathist Faith of President Saddam 1215:Parti Baath arabe socialiste d'Algérie 1194:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria 1056: 933:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 12138:Political parties established in 1966 11817: 11392: 10950: 10662: 10420: 10122: 9938: 9527: 9365: 9151: 8827: 8646: 8299: 7435: 7296: 6917: 6624: 5485: 5267: 5201: 5011:al-Qiri, Mohammad (7 February 2009). 4986:الأحزاب السياسية في الجمهورية اليمنية 4363:East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (1999). 4165: 4163: 2876: 2622: 1589:Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party 1427:Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 1239:The Nationalist Democratic Assembly ( 1204:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في الجزائر 1174: 1099:9th National Congress (February 1968) 220:leadership of the Ba'ath Party which 18:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-led faction) 11916:National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 11329:Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party 7461: 7146:Palestinian National Salvation Front 5050:United Nations Development Programme 4894:. MuslimNews.co.uk. 10 February 2013 4423:Political Handbook of the World 2008 4238:"MAURITANIA'S PERSECUTION OF BLACKS" 4205:Political Handbook of the World 2008 2389:. The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. p. 2360:. The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. p. 2070: 1621:Tripoli in the 1968 general election 1527: 1250:Al-Tajamu'u Al-Qawmi Al-Dimuqratiyah 1090: 191:Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī 12083:Banned political parties in Algeria 11299:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 11136:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 11056:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party 8061:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 7216:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party 7181:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party 5032: 5013:"Third Yemeni Ba'ath party planned" 4968: 3924: 3285:al-Mdaires, Falah Abdullah (2010). 3064:. 22 September 2005. Archived from 2220: 2205: 2145: 1960:Palestinian Liberation Organization 1810: 1686:. The government was recognised as 1598: 1479: 1329:The party supports the removing of 1320: 1284:The party opposes the government's 1244: 1203: 1139:a Syrian-dominated ba'ath movements 1102:10th National Congress (March 1970) 187: 24: 11465:Democratic Patriots' Unified Party 11324:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 11171:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 11121:Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement 10083:Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9429:National Islamic Alliance (Taalof) 8775:National Democratic Action Society 8738:National Democratic Action Society 8501:Movement of National Understanding 8001:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 7523:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 7266:General Federation of Trade Unions 7126:Lebanese National Resistance Front 6839:National Progressive Front (Syria) 4845:. Tunisia-live.net. Archived from 4818:. Tunisia-live.net. Archived from 4759:. 26 February 1985. Archived from 4295: 4160: 2813:Awet Tewelde Weldemichael (2013). 1670:Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 1648:, a political organisation led by 1520:dominance on the political scene. 1480:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي الاردني 1359:Eritrean People's Liberation Front 472:The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue 25: 12219: 10867:Sudanese People's Socialist Front 8491:Movement for Democracy in Algeria 8066:Palestine Liberation Organization 7297: 7090:Palestine Liberation Organization 6834:National Progressive Front (Iraq) 6487:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai 5917:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur 5186: 3931:Leslie Simmons, Geoffrey (1993). 3310:. 20 January 2010. Archived from 2873:, London, 24–30 June 1978, p. 78. 12088:Banned political parties in Iraq 11962: 11931:Social Nationalist Party – Yemen 11845: 11423: 11345:Assyrian Democratic Organization 11131:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 11038:Syrian Communist Party (Unified) 11032:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) 10981: 10693: 10641: 10489:Palestinian National Initiative 10153: 10098:Muslim Association of the Lictor 10093:Libyan National Democratic Front 10022:Libyan Popular National Movement 9969: 9555: 9396: 9213:Jordanian United Front Party (1) 9182: 8858: 8677: 8615: 8516:Movement for Youth and Democracy 8330: 8280: 8279: 8006:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 7689:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6995:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 6625: 5899:Members of the Regional Commands 3933:Libya: The Struggle for Survival 3156:Schenker, David Kenneth (2003). 2965:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians 2889:. Academic Press, 2001. Pp. 240. 2140:, the Tunisian Ba'ath Movement ( 2074: 1599:حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي 1531: 1326:) is an active branch in Egypt. 920:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 299: 12203:Transnational political parties 12178:Socialist parties in Mauritania 11749:Democratic Constitutional Rally 11232:Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party 11146:Democratic Arab Socialist Union 11014:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 10150:Political parties in Mauritania 10052:Party of Reform and Development 9619:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 9447:Islamic Constitutional Movement 8928:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq 8580:Unrecognized or illegal parties 7649:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 7243:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 5377:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 5157: 5128: 5100: 5072: 5004: 4936: 4906: 4884: 4861: 4841:Ajmi, Sana (13 November 2011). 4834: 4753:"The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood" 4745: 4729:. 10 April 2003. Archived from 4715: 4682: 4666:. 30 April 2003. Archived from 4660:"Return Of Sudanese Ba'athists" 4579: 4546: 4513: 4483: 4459:Africa South of the Sahara 2004 4447: 4414: 4389: 4356: 4323: 4289: 4263: 4229: 4196: 4127: 4102: 4076: 4003:Middle East Contemporary Survey 3994: 3976: 3957: 3891: 3858: 3792: 3759: 3737: 3704: 3671: 3638: 3605: 3572: 3539: 3516: 3483: 3450: 3417: 3389: 3370: 3355: 3326: 3248: 3218: 3182: 3149: 3116: 3080: 2920: 2864: 2789: 2763: 2737: 2709: 2681: 2653: 2588: 2554: 1446:Since the establishment of the 1398:Coalition Provisional Authority 1321:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي- مصر 1235:Nationalist Democratic Assembly 1137:split into Iraqi-dominated and 1112: 258:Coalition Provisional Authority 232:against Iraq during the bloody 12118:Nationalist parties in Lebanon 12103:Nationalist parties in Algeria 11779:National Destourian Initiative 11698:Voice of the People of Tunisia 10448:Political parties in Palestine 10007:Justice and Construction Party 9900:Popular Nasserist Organization 9753:Popular Nasserist Organization 9271:Democratic Popular Unity Party 8743:Progressive Democratic Tribune 8471:Democratic and Social Movement 8375:National Construction Movement 8091:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 7853:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 7065:Alliance of Palestinian Forces 5486: 4868:Ajmi, Sana (5 February 2012). 4631:. 1 April 1990. Archived from 3426:The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985 3383:The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 3262:. 26 July 2007. Archived from 3125:Political parties in the World 3005:Anderson, Bette Signe (2005). 2927:Goldman, Ralph Morris (2002). 2846:. Human Rights Watch. p. 2567:جمعية التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 2526: 2436: 2407: 2378: 2349: 2316: 2280: 1432: 1411:Accountability and Justice Act 1271:2011 parliamentary by-election 13: 1: 12208:Left-wing nationalist parties 12128:Pan-Arabist political parties 11906:Nasserist Reform Organisation 11635:Justice and Development Party 11578:Democratic and Social Union ( 10607:Reform and Development Party 10578:Palestinian Democratic Union 9241:Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party 8387:Justice and Development Front 8357:Movement of Society for Peace 7276:General Union of Syrian Women 7186:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party 7141:Palestinian National Alliance 5413:Revolutionary Command Council 5305:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 4814:Ajmi, Sana (4 January 2012). 4497:. 15 May 2006. Archived from 3680:Civil war in Lebanon, 1975–92 3232:. 20 May 2003. Archived from 2771:"Two Iraqi Plotters Detained" 2387:Historical Dictionary of Iraq 2358:Historical Dictionary of Iraq 2274: 1718: 1706:organisation, was founded by 1577:Iraqi National Dialogue Front 1510:Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party 1495:pro-Iraqi, Saddamist platform 1156:Revolutionary Command Council 1108:12th National Congress (1992) 1105:11th National Congress (1977) 543:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 154:Black, red, white and green ( 12198:Socialist parties in Tunisia 12168:Socialist parties in Lebanon 12148:Socialist parties in Bahrain 12143:Socialist parties in Algeria 12133:Parties of one-party systems 12123:Nationalist parties in Syria 12108:Nationalist parties in Egypt 11755:Progressive Democratic Party 11650:National Front for Salvation 11420:Political parties in Tunisia 11212:League of Nationalist Action 10903:National Democratic Alliance 10893:Forces of Freedom and Change 10710:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10586:Palestinian Freedom Movement 10570:Palestinian Communist Party 10352:Parties dissolved after the 9562:Political parties in Lebanon 9485:National Democratic Alliance 9480:Kuwaiti Progressive Movement 9312:Revolutionary People's Party 9302:National Liberation Movement 9107:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9072:Council of Free Shabaks (1) 9023:Assyrian Democratic Movement 9004:Reserved Christian seats (5) 8935:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 8674:Political parties in Bahrain 8551:Progressive Republican Party 8541:National Republican Alliance 8486:Islamic Renaissance Movement 8327:Political parties in Algeria 8036:Federation of Arab Republics 7996:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 7986:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 7587:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7535:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 7085:National Democratic Alliance 7070:Forces of Freedom and Change 6067:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i 6027:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi 5977:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri 2796:Mickolus, Edward F. (2009). 2269:2003 parliamentary elections 2149:Haraket Al-Ba'ath Al-Tounisi 1887: 1843:1992 parliamentary elections 1761:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla 567:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 275: 222:established a party in Syria 7: 12163:Socialist parties in Jordan 12113:Nationalist parties in Iraq 12068:1966 establishments in Iraq 11886:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 11283:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 11247:Socialist Cooperation Party 11062:Social Democratic Unionists 11050:Arab Democratic Union Party 11001:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10513:Palestinian People's Party 9894:Progressive Socialist Party 9657:Progressive Socialist Party 9393:Political parties in Kuwait 9256:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9179:Political parties in Jordan 9080:Unrepresented in parliament 9054:Reserved minority seats (3) 9033:Beth Nahrin Patriotic Union 8466:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 8161:Flag of the Arab Federation 7991:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 7981:Arab Socialist Action Party 7211:Social Democratic Unionists 7176:Arab Democratic Union Party 6872:National Defense Battalions 5268: 5230:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 4085:"Mauritania Cuts Iran Ties" 3898:Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). 3717:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 3424:Rabinovich, Itamar (1985). 2505:Mahdi, Mazdi (2 May 2010). 2257:1997 parliamentary election 2252:1993 parliamentary election 1858:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1831:Parti Avant-Garde nationale 1821: 1769:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1765:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1654:Progressive Socialist Party 1603: 1263:2002 parliamentary election 1249: 709: 572:Assadist-Saddamist conflict 180:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 103:National Defense Battalions 44:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10: 12224: 12193:Socialist parties in Syria 12188:Socialist parties in Sudan 12183:Socialist parties in Yemen 12173:Socialist parties in Libya 12153:Socialist parties in Egypt 11941:Yemen Renaissance Movement 11891:Democratic Nasserist Party 11852:Political parties in Yemen 11743:Socialist Destourian Party 11616:Expatriate Tunisians' Call 11593:Socialist Destourian Party 11261: 11020:Arab Socialist Union Party 10993:National Progressive Front 10978:Political parties in Syria 10847:Socialist Republican Party 10791:Sudanese National Alliance 10690:Political parties in Sudan 10636:Lists of political parties 9966:Political parties in Libya 9453:Justice and Peace Alliance 9216:National Loyalty Party (1) 8906:Kurdistan Democratic Party 8556:Republican Patriotic Rally 8132:On the Way of Resurrection 8125:The Battle for One Destiny 8056:Lebanese National Movement 7497:Third International Theory 7389:On the Way of Resurrection 7382:The Battle for One Destiny 7171:Arab Socialist Union Party 7121:Lebanese National Movement 6351:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab 6062:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i 4689:Barltrop, Richard (2010). 4553:Baracskay, Daniel (2011). 4526:Cambridge University Press 3678:O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). 2840:Alexander De Waal (1991). 2443:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). 2261:1999 presidential election 2193: 2121: 2117: 2061:pro-Syrian Ba'ath movement 2015: 1891: 1750:. They started publishing 1740:Mauritanian People's Party 1722: 1667: 1646:Lebanese National Movement 1586: 1582: 1424: 1368: 1348: 1308: 1232: 1228: 1191: 1187: 825: 466:The Battle for One Destiny 461:On the Way of Resurrection 256:was banned in 2003 by the 188:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي 47:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي 29: 12158:Socialist parties in Iraq 12037:List of political parties 12027: 12009:National Liberation Front 11992:National Democratic Front 11987:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes 11979: 11957: 11921:National Solidarity Party 11896:General People's Congress 11858: 11798:List of political parties 11788: 11773:Democratic Alliance Party 11711: 11693:Unionist Democratic Union 11640:Maghrebi Republican Party 11602:Congress for the Republic 11544:Republican People's Union 11486: 11433: 11373:List of political parties 11363: 11355:Assyrian Democratic Party 11337: 11314:Kurdish Supreme Committee 11291: 11270: 11184: 11106:Democratic People's Party 11096: 11077: 10991: 10931:List of political parties 10921: 10913:Sudan Revolutionary Front 10908:National Redemption Front 10898:National Consensus Forces 10885: 10837:People's Democratic Party 10799: 10736:Democratic Unionist Party 10703: 10626: 10525: 10454: 10401:List of political parties 10391: 10351: 10307: 10254: 10199: 10174: 10163: 10070: 9979: 9919: 9886: 9824: 9771: 9694: 9684: 9666: 9634: 9607:Lebanese Democratic Party 9578: 9568: 9508:List of political parties 9498: 9467: 9406: 9346:List of political parties 9336: 9320: 9289: 9266:Democratic People's Party 9223: 9192: 9136: 9095: 9079: 9053: 9003: 8950: 8868: 8855:Political parties in Iraq 8808:List of political parties 8798: 8762: 8723: 8705:National Justice Movement 8700:Al-Menbar Islamic Society 8687: 8627:List of political parties 8610: 8579: 8546:Party of Algerian Renewal 8536:National Movement of Hope 8521:National Democratic Front 8456:Algerian Popular Movement 8439:Non-parliamentary parties 8438: 8405:Freedom and Justice Party 8363:Democratic National Rally 8351:National Liberation Front 8340: 8275: 8184: 8141: 8109: 8086:Unified Political Command 7976:Arab Nationalist Movement 7921: 7873:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 7733: 7702: 7669:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7540:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 7505: 7469: 7398: 7373: 7307: 7303: 7292: 7271:General Union of Peasants 7258: 7163: 7103: 7080:National Consensus Forces 7057: 7050: 6983: 6932: 6928: 6913: 6893:Revolutionary Youth Union 6885: 6854: 6847: 6826: 6800: 6728: 6650: 6639: 6635: 6620: 6605: 6495: 6455: 6448: 6393: 6368: 6361: 6345: 6110: 5905: 5898: 5767: 5721: 5699: 5678: 5651: 5604: 5597: 5556: 5524: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5481: 5395: 5334: 5313: 5282: 5278: 5263: 5237: 4586:Lain, Donald Ray (1989). 3711:Cassese, Antonio (1986). 3645:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3612:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3546:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3490:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3457:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3289:. Routledge. p. 217. 3011:University of Texas Press 2414:Kostiner, Joseph (1998). 2237:General People's Congress 2233:pro-Syria Ba'athist party 1933: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1822:Hizb Al-Taliyeh Al-Watani 1796:Iraq's invasion of Kuwait 1523: 1420: 1417:until his death in 2020. 1355:Eritrean Liberation Front 1277:. It is headquartered in 944: 931: 918: 908: 898: 860: 839: 818: 797: 776: 755: 739: 718: 702: 681: 660: 639: 618: 597: 502:November 1963 coup d'état 358: 348: 338: 328: 318: 167: 162: 150: 138: 118: 98: 84: 71: 63: 53: 41: 12093:Banned socialist parties 12073:Arab nationalism in Iraq 11625:Green Party for Progress 11309:Kurdish National Council 11242:Arab Liberation Movement 11026:Socialist Unionist Party 10872:Sudanese Socialist Union 10781:Sudanese Communist Party 10032:National Forces Alliance 10017:Libyan National Movement 9841:Lebanese Communist Party 9475:Civil Conservative Party 9307:National Socialist Party 9028:Assyrian Patriotic Party 8790:Al Wafa Islamic Movement 8780:Bahrain Freedom Movement 8566:Socialist Workers' Party 7594:1952 Egyptian revolution 7221:Socialist Unionist Party 7191:Libyan National Movement 7017:Arabic Toilers' Movement 6921:Associated organizations 6781:National Security Bureau 6729:Syrian-dominated faction 6157:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan 6092:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi 5942:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed 5642:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed 5557:Syrian-dominated faction 5253:Syrian-dominated faction 5136:United States Government 5112: 5084: 5044: 4985: 4948: 4336:Lynne Rienner Publishers 3745:Guerrillas for Palestine 3651:Harvard University Press 3618:Harvard University Press 3552:Harvard University Press 3496:Harvard University Press 3463:Harvard University Press 3430:Cornell University Press 3401: 3376:Rabinovich, Itamar, and 3335: 2802:. ABC-CLIO. p. 405. 2721: 2693: 2665: 2600: 2566: 2539:التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 2538: 2250:The party contested the 2189: 2157:Mouvement Baath tunisien 2124:Tunisian Ba'ath Movement 2066: 2011: 1700:Libyan National Movement 1663: 1616:pro-Syrian Ba'ath branch 1569:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 1304: 1245:التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 360:Baath Party (pro-Syrian) 12014:People's Vanguard Party 11936:Union of Popular Forces 11319:Kurdish Future Movement 11271:Banned Islamist parties 11166:Kurdish Future Movement 11111:Syrian Turkmen Assembly 11068:Arab Socialist Movement 11044:National Covenant Party 10822:National Congress Party 10786:Sudanese Congress Party 10741:Islamic Socialist Party 10562:Palestinian Arab Front 10042:National Movement Party 10027:National Centrist Party 9906:National Dialogue Party 9705:Free Patriotic Movement 9601:Free Patriotic Movement 9490:Popular Action Movement 9459:Kuwait Democratic Forum 9423:Islamic Salafi Alliance 9297:Communist Toilers Party 8988:Kurdistan Justice Group 8964:New Generation Movement 8951:Minor political parties 8869:Major political parties 8592:Islamic Salvation Front 8423:Algerian National Front 8247:Palestinian nationalism 8166:Flag of the Arab Revolt 7659:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7639:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7619:1961 Syrian coup d'état 7196:National Covenant Party 7000:Arab Socialist Movement 6651:Iraqi-dominated faction 6577:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji 6267:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham 5952:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash 5922:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun 5525:Iraqi-dominated faction 5445:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge 5435:Union of Arab Republics 5387:1966 Syrian coup d'état 5362:1963 Syrian coup d'état 5342:1954 Syrian coup d'état 5300:Arab Socialist Movement 5244:Iraqi-dominated faction 4520:Cobban, Helena (1984). 3867:Libya: a Modern History 3834:Libya: a Modern History 3801:Libya: a Modern History 3768:Libya: a Modern History 3523:Zumiyya, Jamal (1972). 3123:Day, Alan John (2002). 2134:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 1972:PLO Executive Committee 1968:PLO's Ten Point Program 1966:in 1974, rejecting the 1803:National Vanguard Party 1725:National Vanguard Party 1641:pro-Syrian Ba'ath Party 1364: 1286:naturalisation policies 1119:1966 Syrian coup d'état 562:Intervention in Lebanon 350:Baath Party (pro-Iraqi) 140:Political position 11951:Yemeni Socialist Party 11660:Popular Unity Movement 11476:Independent lists (52) 11304:Democratic Union Party 11257:Communist Labour Party 11237:Syrian Communist Party 11156:Democratic Union Party 10842:Republican Brotherhood 10827:National Islamic Front 10807:Anti-Imperialist Front 10761:Popular Congress Party 10751:Liberal Party of Sudan 10533:Arab Liberation Front 10406:Politics of Mauritania 10088:Libyan Communist Party 9806:National Liberal Party 9208:Islamic Centrist Party 9061:Hareth Shanshal Sunaid 8888:State of Law Coalition 8748:Islamic Action Society 8688:Pro-government parties 8561:Socialist Forces Front 7674:1969 Libyan revolution 7552:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 7226:Syrian Communist Party 7032:Palestinian Arab Front 6562:Muhammad Naji al-Otari 6542:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi 6532:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi 6482:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi 6287:Muhammad Naji al-Otari 6262:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi 6197:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi 6102:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi 6037:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi 5982:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 5937:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah 5637:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 5542:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 4296:Ap (25 January 1991). 4170:Seddon, David (2004). 3964:Tachau, Frank (1994). 3900:Libya: a Country Study 3579:Tachau, Frank (1994). 3129:University of Michigan 2447:. Cune Press. p. 2037:National Islamic Front 2006:Israeli Defence Forces 1881: 1830: 1415:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1219:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1184: 1164:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1152:Iraqi Regional Command 1078:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 590:Regional organisations 442:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 11866:Al-Ahrar Organization 11688:Tunisian Pirate Party 11514:Free Destourian Party 11459:Voice of the Republic 11447:25th of July Movement 11176:Reform Party of Syria 11006:pan-Arab organization 10776:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 10714:Organization of Sudan 9826:17 October Revolution 9800:Independence Movement 9126:Arab Liberation Front 9116:pan-Arab organization 8393:Good Governance Front 8232:Jordanian nationalism 7966:Arab Islamic Republic 7961:Arab Higher Committee 7838:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 7818:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 7629:North Yemen civil war 7562:Arab–Israeli conflict 7042:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 6557:Muhammad Mustafa Mero 6507:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 6282:Muhammad Mustafa Mero 6077:Nayef Shindakh Thamer 5830:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 5691:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei 5326:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 3865:Wright, John (1981). 3832:Wright, John (1981). 3799:Wright, John (1981). 3766:Wright, John (1981). 2418:. VS Verlag. p. 2292:Iraq: A Country Study 2057:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 1996:and headquartered in 1947:Arab Liberation Front 1894:Arab Liberation Front 1892:Further information: 1839:2003 invasion of Iraq 1658:Arab Liberation Front 1625:1972 general election 1450:political systems in 1433:Arab Liberation Front 1295:2003 invasion of Iraq 1182: 1135:original Ba'ath Party 1127:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 946:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 557:Corrective Revolution 397:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 236:; it also joined the 11678:Social Liberal Party 11620:Free Patriotic Union 11564:Farmers' Voice Party 11539:Tunisian Alternative 11252:Arab Communist Party 11227:Arab Ba'ath Movement 11161:National Youth Party 10832:Nuba Mountains Union 10078:Arab Socialist Union 10037:National Front Party 9202:Islamic Action Front 8267:Tunisian nationalism 8237:Lebanese nationalism 8197:Egyptian nationalism 8192:Algerian nationalism 8096:United Arab Republic 7971:Arab Liberation Army 7951:Arab Ba'ath Movement 7808:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 7136:National Union Front 6467:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 6425:Abdul Halim Khaddam 6380:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 6232:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi 6177:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 6047:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi 5972:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5825:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5627:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5598:Regional Secretaries 5295:Arab Ba'ath Movement 5138:(23 February 2001). 4946:(29 December 2010). 4176:Taylor & Francis 3904:Kessinger Publishing 3871:Taylor & Francis 3838:Taylor & Francis 3805:Taylor & Francis 3772:Taylor & Francis 3749:Taylor & Francis 3194:Jordan in Transition 3092:Jordan in Transition 2885:Alexander J. Motyl. 2719:(17 February 2012). 2663:(15 November 2007). 2564:(15 November 2007). 2536:(15 November 2007). 2296:Kessinger Publishing 2239:and during the 2011 2130:unified Ba'ath Party 1575:, the leader of the 1518:Islamic Action Front 1343:Muhammad Afifi Matar 427:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 330:Arab Ba'ath Movement 11946:Yemeni Labour Party 11803:Politics of Tunisia 11665:Popular Unity Party 11630:Green Tunisia Party 11217:Arab National Party 11116:Syrian Turkmen Bloc 11087:People's Will Party 10862:Sudanese Nile Party 10852:Sudan Liberal Party 10756:National Umma Party 10648:Politics portal 10164:Represented in the 9924:Politics of Lebanon 9435:Popular Action Bloc 9043:Sons of Mesopotamia 8994:Iraqi Turkmen Front 8813:Politics of Bahrain 8632:Politics of Algeria 8622:Politics portal 8476:El-Infitah Movement 8381:Voice of the People 8257:Sahrawi nationalism 7614:1959 Mosul uprising 7547:Great Syrian Revolt 7259:Other organizations 7201:Popular Unity Party 7051:Political alliances 6582:Wael Nader al-Halqi 6449:Heads of government 6292:Abdul Qadir Qaddura 6247:Abdul Halim Khaddam 6217:Mohammad al-Hussein 6202:Wael Nader al-Halqi 6042:Taha Yassin Ramadan 6032:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan 6022:Ali Hassan al-Majid 6007:Latif Nassif Jassim 5497:General Secretaries 5430:Corrective Movement 5352:1959 Mosul uprising 5167:(18 October 2006). 5144:Department of State 5042:(23 October 2009). 4991:Government of Yemen 4924:on 24 February 2013 4792:. 23 September 2011 4733:on 18 November 2006 4455:Europa Publications 3364:Lebanon and Arabism 3314:on 30 December 2013 2969:Infobase Publishing 2906:The Washington Post 2323:Ali, Tariq (2004). 2138:Tunisian Revolution 2045:Sudanese communists 1801:Another party, the 1779:strongly supported 1676:coup d'état of 1969 1460:Saddamist discourse 1057:Secretaries General 11673:Reform Front Party 11504:Democratic Current 11479:Unfilled seats (7) 11350:Syriac Union Party 11141:Syriac Union Party 10062:Union for Homeland 9513:Politics of Kuwait 9351:Politics of Jordan 8894:Islamic Dawa Party 8725:Opposition Parties 8262:Syrian nationalism 8242:Libyan nationalism 8202:Greater Mauritania 8118:The Arab Awakening 8101:United Arab States 8076:Rejectionist Front 7883:Gamal Abdel Nasser 7694:Yemeni unification 7684:Lebanese Civil War 7664:17 July Revolution 7634:Ramadan Revolution 7609:14 July Revolution 7151:Rejectionist Front 6547:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm 6522:Nureddin al-Atassi 6410:Nureddin al-Atassi 6242:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm 6147:Nureddin al-Atassi 6057:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5957:Salih Mahdi Ammash 5927:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil 5880:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5810:Nureddin al-Atassi 5744:Nureddin al-Atassi 5622:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5574:Abdullah al-Ahmar 5564:Nureddin al-Atassi 5460:De-Ba'athification 5403:17 July Revolution 5357:Ramadan Revolution 5347:14 July Revolution 4727:Sudan Vision Daily 4594:. pp. 58–60. 4302:The New York Times 4140:Ashgate Publishing 4064:on 2 February 2016 3968:. Westport, Conn: 3937:Palgrave Macmillan 3684:Palgrave Macmillan 3361:Solh, Raghid El-. 3198:Palgrave Macmillan 3096:Palgrave Macmillan 2598:(16 August 2011). 2288:Metz, Helen Chapin 2225:Arabic Renaissance 2213:Al-Ehyaa Al-'Arabi 2146:حركة البعث التونسي 2108:Muslim Brotherhood 2086:. You can help by 2039:and was staunchly 1964:Rejectionist Front 1901:Palestinian branch 1811:حزب الطليعة الوطني 1736:Moktar Ould Daddah 1729:Sawab (Mauritania) 1633:Lebanese Civil War 1543:. You can help by 1407:de-Ba'athification 1396:In June 2003, the 1185: 1175:Branches by region 1068:Vacant (1989–1992) 904:1960–1962/63 532:De-Ba'athification 507:17 July Revolution 497:Ramadan Revolution 12078:Ba'athist parties 12050: 12049: 12042:Politics of Yemen 11811: 11810: 11761:Ettajdid Movement 11519:Long Live Tunisia 11509:Dignity Coalition 11453:People's Movement 11386: 11385: 11378:Politics of Syria 11222:Arab Ba'ath Party 10944: 10943: 10936:Politics of Sudan 10746:Liberal Democrats 10731:Binaa Sudan Party 10656: 10655: 10414: 10413: 10310:regional councils 10303: 10302: 10166:National Assembly 10116: 10115: 9932: 9931: 9915: 9914: 9773:March 14 Alliance 9686:National Assembly 9680: 9679: 9636:March 14 Alliance 9521: 9520: 9408:National Assembly 9359: 9358: 9276:Progressive Party 9145: 9144: 8918:Badr Organization 8821: 8820: 8640: 8639: 8531:Natural Law Party 8417:New Algeria Front 8293: 8292: 8222:Iraqi nationalism 7913:Constantin Zureiq 7763:Abdul Rahman Arif 7743:Butrus al-Bustani 7429: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7164:Political parties 7159: 7158: 7037:Socialist Lebanon 6909: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6796: 6795: 6642:Regional branches 6616: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6601: 6600: 6572:Riyad Farid Hijab 6537:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi 6444: 6443: 6430: 6357: 6356: 6307:Hikmat al-Shihabi 6122:Abdullah al-Ahmar 6087:Hardan al-Tikriti 6017:Adnan Khayr Allah 6012:Rashid Taan Kazim 5947:Salah Omar al-Ali 5790:Abdullah al-Ahmar 5763: 5762: 5593: 5592: 5579: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5110:(30 March 2011). 4916:(February 2013). 4708:978-1-84511-977-5 4572:978-0-313-38151-5 4539:978-0-521-27216-2 4440:978-0-87289-528-7 4277:. 18 January 1991 4222:978-0-87289-528-7 4153:978-0-7546-7418-4 4089:Los Angeles Times 3730:978-90-247-3247-0 3697:978-0-312-21593-4 3664:978-0-674-08105-5 3631:978-0-674-08105-5 3598:978-0-313-26649-2 3565:978-0-674-08105-5 3509:978-0-674-08105-5 3476:978-0-674-08105-5 3443:978-0-8014-9313-3 3378:Itamar Rabinovich 3211:978-0-312-29538-7 3109:978-0-312-29538-7 3024:978-0-292-70625-5 2982:978-0-8160-5764-1 2946:978-0-595-22888-1 2857:978-1-56432-038-4 2826:978-1-107-03123-4 2775:New Straits Times 2691:(28 March 2003). 2458:978-1-885942-40-1 2400:978-0-8108-4330-1 2371:978-0-8108-4330-1 2112:Islamist uprising 2104: 2103: 1943: 1942: 1914:Secretary-General 1819: 1561: 1560: 1387:Nebuchadnezzar II 1378:Iraqi nationalism 1299:existing monarchy 1293:. It opposed the 1275:Bahraini uprising 1091:National Congress 1054: 1053: 957: 956: 910:Socialist Lebanon 881: 880: 552:1966 coup d'états 371: 370: 240:. The Ba'athists 176: 175: 54:General Secretary 16:(Redirected from 12215: 11972: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11850: 11849: 11838: 11831: 11824: 11815: 11814: 11612:Democratic Party 11499:Heart of Tunisia 11428: 11427: 11413: 11406: 11399: 11390: 11389: 11338:Assyrian parties 10986: 10985: 10971: 10964: 10957: 10948: 10947: 10766:Sudan Change Now 10698: 10697: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10660: 10659: 10646: 10645: 10618: 10610: 10602: 10594: 10581: 10573: 10565: 10557: 10549: 10536: 10516: 10507: 10492: 10483: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10418: 10417: 10294:State of Justice 10172: 10171: 10158: 10157: 10143: 10136: 10129: 10120: 10119: 9987:Democratic Party 9974: 9973: 9959: 9952: 9945: 9936: 9935: 9747:Dignity Movement 9696:March 8 Alliance 9692: 9691: 9580:March 8 Alliance 9576: 9575: 9560: 9559: 9548: 9541: 9534: 9525: 9524: 9441:Thawabit Al-Umma 9401: 9400: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9363: 9362: 9236:Al-Resalah Party 9187: 9186: 9172: 9165: 9158: 9149: 9148: 9139:Politics of Iraq 9011:Babylon Movement 8982:Victory Alliance 8958:Emtidad Movement 8923:Al-Sadiqoun Bloc 8863: 8862: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8825: 8824: 8682: 8681: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8644: 8643: 8620: 8619: 8335: 8334: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8297: 8296: 8283: 8282: 8156:Eagle of Saladin 7863:Amin al-Husseini 7828:Faisal I of Iraq 7798:Sultan al-Atrash 7793:Mansur al-Atrash 7768:Abdul Salam Arif 7577:War of Attrition 7463:Arab nationalism 7456: 7449: 7442: 7433: 7432: 7325:Arab nationalism 7315:Anti-imperialism 7305: 7304: 7294: 7293: 7075:March 8 Alliance 7055: 7054: 6987: 6986:Breakaway groups 6930: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6914: 6852: 6851: 6678:Regional Command 6648: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6621: 6552:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi 6499: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6426: 6397: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6302:Farouk al-Sharaa 6297:Hammouda Sabbagh 6187:Ibrahim al-Hadid 6167:Mahdi Dakhlallah 6152:Shibli al-Aysami 6114: 5962:Hussein Al-Awadi 5932:Saad Abdul-Majid 5909: 5903: 5902: 5850:Akram al-Hawrani 5820:Shibli al-Aysami 5815:Mansur al-Atrash 5777: 5776:National Command 5771: 5734:Shibli al-Aysami 5602: 5601: 5575: 5547:Salah Al-Mukhtar 5501: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5483: 5482: 5465:Syrian civil war 5372:Ar-Rashid revolt 5280: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5264: 5254: 5245: 5231: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5193:Official website 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5056:. Archived from 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4977: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4956:on 25 April 2012 4940: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4822:on 10 March 2012 4811: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4656: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4621: 4606: 4605: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4056: 4048: 4015: 4014: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3751:. 1976. p. 3741: 3735: 3734: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3393: 3387: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3343:on 25 April 2012 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3054: 3029: 3028: 3002: 2987: 2986: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2896: 2890: 2883: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2476: 2463: 2462: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2284: 2222: 2207: 2180:Syrian Civil War 2147: 2136:. Following the 2099: 2096: 2078: 2071: 2029:1991 Gulf crisis 1979:invasion of Iraq 1938:alfpalestine.org 1898: 1897: 1835:Arab nationalist 1824: 1814: 1812: 1704:Arab-nationalist 1629:Southern Lebanon 1606: 1600: 1556: 1553: 1535: 1528: 1481: 1322: 1252: 1246: 1205: 1133:and others, the 1084:Salah Al-Mukhtar 1046: 1039: 1032: 1018: 1016:Socialism portal 1011: 973:Arab nationalism 953: 940: 927: 896: 895: 595: 594: 577:Syrian civil war 367: 316: 315: 303: 280: 279: 262:invasion of Iraq 209:of the original 189: 172: 125:Arab nationalism 114: 107: 94: 80: 58:Salah Al-Mukhtar 39: 38: 21: 12223: 12222: 12218: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12212: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12046: 12032:Portal:Politics 12023: 11975: 11968: 11963: 11961: 11955: 11881:Arab Hope Party 11876:Al-Rashad Union 11854: 11844: 11842: 11812: 11807: 11793:Politics Portal 11784: 11737:Communist Party 11719:Young Tunisians 11707: 11683:Socialist Party 11559:Current of Love 11524:Machrouu Tounes 11482: 11471:Tunisia Forward 11438: 11437:Representatives 11436: 11435:Assembly of the 11429: 11422: 11417: 11387: 11382: 11368:Portal:Politics 11359: 11333: 11292:Kurdish parties 11287: 11266: 11185:Defunct parties 11180: 11092: 11073: 10987: 10980: 10975: 10945: 10940: 10926:Portal:Politics 10917: 10881: 10877:Workers' Forces 10795: 10719:Region of Sudan 10699: 10692: 10687: 10657: 10652: 10640: 10622: 10616: 10608: 10600: 10592: 10579: 10571: 10563: 10555: 10547: 10534: 10521: 10514: 10505: 10490: 10481: 10459: 10457: 10450: 10445: 10415: 10410: 10396:Portal:Politics 10387: 10347: 10308:Represented in 10299: 10268:Hope Mauritania 10250: 10195: 10159: 10152: 10147: 10117: 10112: 10066: 9975: 9968: 9963: 9933: 9928: 9911: 9882: 9820: 9817:Independent (3) 9788:Future Movement 9782:Lebanese Forces 9767: 9764:Independent (5) 9729:Marada Movement 9676: 9662: 9651:Lebanese Forces 9645:Future Movement 9630: 9613:Marada Movement 9564: 9554: 9552: 9522: 9517: 9503:Portal:Politics 9494: 9463: 9402: 9395: 9390: 9360: 9355: 9341:Portal:Politics 9332: 9316: 9285: 9246:Communist Party 9219: 9188: 9181: 9176: 9146: 9141: 9132: 9091: 9075: 9049: 8999: 8976:Tasmim Alliance 8970:Ishraqat Kanoon 8946: 8864: 8857: 8852: 8822: 8817: 8803:Portal:Politics 8794: 8758: 8719: 8715:Economists Bloc 8683: 8676: 8671: 8641: 8636: 8614: 8606: 8575: 8434: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8294: 8289: 8271: 8207:Greater Morocco 8180: 8176:Pan-Arab colors 8171:Hawk of Quraish 8137: 8105: 7956:Arab Federation 7917: 7903:Abdullah Rimawi 7878:Mostéfa Merarda 7833:Muammar Gaddafi 7813:Ahmed Ben Bella 7788:Jamal al-Atassi 7778:Bashar al-Assad 7729: 7698: 7679:Black September 7557:Anglo-Iraqi War 7501: 7465: 7460: 7430: 7417: 7413:Pan-Arab colors 7407:Arḍ ul-Furātayn 7394: 7369: 7299: 7280: 7254: 7155: 7099: 7046: 7005:Damascus branch 6985: 6979: 6950:Free Iraqi Army 6940:Al-Abud Network 6924: 6920: 6897: 6881: 6867:Fedayeen Saddam 6862:Ba'ath Brigades 6843: 6822: 6813:Sawt al-Jamahir 6792: 6771:Central Command 6724: 6641: 6631: 6627: 6608: 6597: 6497: 6491: 6457: 6440: 6435:Bashar al-Assad 6415:Ahmad al-Khatib 6395: 6389: 6370: 6353: 6341: 6312:Hammud al-Shufi 6277:Zuhair Masharqa 6272:Ibrahim Makhous 6257:Ahmad al-Khatib 6222:Hisham Ikhtiyar 6142:Rifaat al-Assad 6132:Bashar al-Assad 6112: 6106: 6072:Talib El-Shibib 5987:Saadoun Ghaidan 5907: 5894: 5890:Khaled Yashruti 5885:Talib El-Shibib 5875:Abdullah Rimawi 5840:Wahib al-Ghanim 5800:Bashar al-Assad 5775: 5769: 5759: 5754:Bashar al-Assad 5729:Hammud al-Shufi 5717: 5695: 5674: 5659:Abdullah Rimawi 5647: 5617:Talib El-Shibib 5589: 5584:Bashar al-Assad 5552: 5520: 5488: 5469: 5391: 5330: 5309: 5274: 5270: 5259: 5252: 5243: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5189: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5171:. Almotamar.net 5162: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5060:on 2 April 2012 5054:Arab parliament 5046: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4950: 4941: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4872:. AllAfrica.com 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4849:on 9 March 2012 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4812: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4658: 4657: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4635:on 11 July 2013 4623: 4622: 4609: 4602: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4401:edition.cnn.com 4395: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4328: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4242:Washington Post 4234: 4230: 4223: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4018: 4005:. Vol. 8. 3999: 3995: 3984:The Middle East 3982: 3981: 3977: 3970:Greenwood Press 3962: 3958: 3951: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3764: 3760: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3585:Greenwood Press 3577: 3573: 3566: 3544: 3540: 3527:. Vol. 2. 3521: 3517: 3510: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3394: 3390: 3375: 3371: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3337: 3331: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3283: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3266:on 13 June 2012 3254: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3162:Lexington Books 3154: 3150: 3143: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3068:on 15 June 2013 3056: 3055: 3032: 3025: 3003: 2990: 2983: 2961: 2954: 2947: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2811: 2807: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2777:. 15 April 1991 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2503: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2483:. alarabiya.net 2477: 2466: 2459: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2354: 2350: 2343: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2198: 2192: 2169:Muammar Gaddafi 2126: 2120: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2084:needs expansion 2069: 2020: 2014: 1990:Munif al-Razzaz 1955:Palestinianists 1927:Sawt al-Jamahir 1896: 1890: 1731: 1723:Main articles: 1721: 1684:Muammar Gaddafi 1672: 1666: 1619:candidate from 1591: 1585: 1573:Saleh al-Mutlaq 1567:because of the 1557: 1551: 1548: 1541:needs expansion 1526: 1437:Munif al-Razzaz 1429: 1423: 1380:and encouraged 1373: 1367: 1351: 1331:Bashar al-Assad 1313: 1307: 1237: 1231: 1196: 1190: 1177: 1131:Munif al-Razzaz 1115: 1093: 1059: 1050: 1021: 1014: 1009:Politics portal 1007: 999: 998: 997: 967: 959: 958: 951: 938: 925: 914:1965–1970 893: 891:Splinter groups 883: 882: 877: 856: 835: 814: 793: 772: 751: 735: 714: 698: 677: 656: 635: 614: 592: 582: 581: 541: 495: 486: 478: 477: 474: 456: 448: 447: 446: 437:Bashar al-Assad 407:Wahib al-Ghanim 402:Abdullah Rimawi 381: 373: 372: 365: 354:1968–2003 344:1947–1966 334:1940–1947 324:1940–1947 313: 278: 156:Pan-Arab colors 131: 127: 112: 108: 105: 92: 78: 72:Split from 49: 48: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12221: 12211: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12028: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12005: 12004: 11999: 11989: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11926:Party of Truth 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11901:Hizb ut-Tahrir 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11862: 11860: 11856: 11855: 11841: 11840: 11833: 11826: 11818: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11782: 11776: 11770: 11767:Al-Watan Party 11764: 11758: 11752: 11746: 11740: 11734: 11728: 11722: 11715: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11669:Rad Al Iitibar 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11645:Movement Party 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11591: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11490: 11488: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11480: 11477: 11474: 11468: 11462: 11456: 11450: 11443: 11441: 11431: 11430: 11416: 11415: 11408: 11401: 11393: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11364: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11341: 11339: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11295: 11293: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11285: 11280: 11278:Hizb ut-Tahrir 11274: 11272: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11207:People's Party 11204: 11202:National Union 11199: 11197:National Party 11194: 11188: 11186: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11102: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11083: 11081: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11023: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11009: 10997: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10974: 10973: 10966: 10959: 10951: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10889: 10887: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10707: 10705: 10701: 10700: 10686: 10685: 10678: 10671: 10663: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10650: 10638: 10633: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10612: 10604: 10596: 10588: 10583: 10575: 10567: 10559: 10551: 10543: 10538: 10529: 10527: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10519: 10510: 10501: 10495: 10486: 10477: 10471: 10464: 10462: 10452: 10451: 10444: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10421: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10358: 10356: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10314: 10312: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10297: 10291: 10285: 10271: 10265: 10258: 10256: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10242: 10236: 10230: 10224: 10218: 10212: 10205: 10203: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10193: 10187: 10180: 10178: 10169: 10161: 10160: 10146: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10123: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9997:Homeland Party 9994: 9992:Ensaf Movement 9989: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9976: 9962: 9961: 9954: 9947: 9939: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9926: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9903: 9897: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9853:Tahalof Watani 9850: 9847:Beirut Tuqawem 9844: 9838: 9831: 9829: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9809: 9803: 9797: 9791: 9785: 9778: 9776: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9765: 9762: 9756: 9750: 9744: 9738: 9732: 9726: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9701: 9699: 9689: 9682: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9673:PM's share (5) 9670: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9654: 9648: 9641: 9639: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9585: 9583: 9573: 9566: 9565: 9551: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9528: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9461: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9420: 9413: 9411: 9404: 9403: 9389: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9328:Hizb ut-Tahrir 9324: 9322: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9293: 9291: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9261:Civil Alliance 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9211: 9205: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9175: 9174: 9167: 9160: 9152: 9143: 9142: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9105: 9103:Hizb ut-Tahrir 9099: 9097: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9070: 9064: 9057: 9055: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9017:Athra Alliance 9014: 9007: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8997: 8991: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8967: 8961: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8912:Fatah Alliance 8909: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8885: 8882:Progress Party 8879: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8851: 8850: 8843: 8836: 8828: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8766: 8764: 8763:Banned Parties 8760: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8691: 8689: 8685: 8684: 8670: 8669: 8662: 8655: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8587:Hizb ut-Tahrir 8583: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8571:Workers' Party 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8461:Algerian Rally 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8347: 8345: 8338: 8337: 8323: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8188: 8186: 8185:Related topics 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8051:Islamic Legion 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7941:Al-Mourabitoun 7938: 7933: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7908:Hamdeen Sabahi 7905: 7900: 7898:Fuad al-Rikabi 7895: 7890: 7888:Adnan Pachachi 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7858:Saddam Hussein 7855: 7850: 7848:Sati' al-Husri 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7783:Hafez al-Assad 7780: 7775: 7773:Zaki al-Arsuzi 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7739: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7654:Aden Emergency 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7599:Iraqi Intifada 7596: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7582:Yom Kippur War 7579: 7574: 7569: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7532: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7477:Arab socialism 7473: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7459: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7402: 7400: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7385: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7330:Arab socialism 7327: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7309: 7301: 7300: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7061: 7059: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7008: 7007: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6960:Jeish Muhammad 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6926: 6925: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6830: 6828: 6827:Popular fronts 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6645: 6633: 6632: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6592:Hussein Arnous 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6527:Hafez al-Assad 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6477:Sa'dun Hammadi 6474: 6472:Saddam Hussein 6469: 6463: 6461: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6432: 6422: 6420:Hafez al-Assad 6417: 6412: 6407: 6401: 6399: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6385:Saddam Hussein 6382: 6376: 6374: 6363: 6362:Heads of state 6359: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6327:Muhammad Umran 6324: 6322:Hasan Turkmani 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6137:Hafez al-Assad 6134: 6129: 6127:Hussein Arnous 6124: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6052:Fuad al-Rikabi 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 6002:Saddam Hussein 5999: 5994: 5992:Sa'dun Hammadi 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5870:Fuad al-Rikabi 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5805:Hafez al-Assad 5802: 5797: 5795:Zaki al-Arsuzi 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5751: 5749:Hafez al-Assad 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5669:Akram al-Homsi 5666: 5661: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5639: 5634: 5632:Saddam Hussein 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5612:Fuad al-Rikabi 5608: 5606: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5581: 5571: 5569:Hafez al-Assad 5566: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5544: 5539: 5537:Saddam Hussein 5534: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5455:Iraqi conflict 5452: 5450:Faith Campaign 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5410: 5408:Ba'athist Iraq 5405: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5382:1964 Hama riot 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5276: 5275: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5248: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5188: 5187:External links 5185: 5183: 5182: 5156: 5127: 5099: 5082:(9 May 2011). 5071: 5031: 5018:Yemen Observer 5003: 4967: 4935: 4905: 4883: 4860: 4833: 4803: 4774: 4744: 4714: 4707: 4681: 4670:on 18 May 2013 4646: 4607: 4600: 4578: 4571: 4545: 4538: 4512: 4501:on 16 May 2012 4482: 4475: 4446: 4439: 4413: 4388: 4381: 4355: 4348: 4322: 4288: 4262: 4228: 4221: 4195: 4188: 4159: 4152: 4126: 4101: 4075: 4016: 3993: 3975: 3956: 3949: 3923: 3916: 3890: 3883: 3857: 3850: 3824: 3817: 3791: 3784: 3758: 3736: 3729: 3703: 3696: 3670: 3663: 3637: 3630: 3604: 3597: 3571: 3564: 3538: 3515: 3508: 3482: 3475: 3449: 3442: 3416: 3388: 3369: 3354: 3325: 3292: 3277: 3247: 3217: 3210: 3181: 3174: 3148: 3141: 3115: 3108: 3079: 3030: 3023: 2988: 2981: 2952: 2945: 2919: 2891: 2875: 2863: 2856: 2832: 2825: 2805: 2788: 2762: 2736: 2708: 2680: 2652: 2621: 2587: 2553: 2525: 2494: 2464: 2457: 2435: 2428: 2406: 2399: 2377: 2370: 2348: 2341: 2315: 2308: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2221:الإحياء العربي 2194:Main article: 2191: 2188: 2165:Saddam Hussein 2122:Main article: 2119: 2116: 2102: 2101: 2081: 2079: 2068: 2065: 2033:Ba'athist Iraq 2016:Main article: 2013: 2010: 1983:Iraqi military 1941: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1889: 1886: 1781:Saddam Hussein 1773:Saddam Hussein 1767:and his rule. 1748:Haratin people 1744:July 1978 coup 1720: 1717: 1674:Following the 1668:Main article: 1665: 1662: 1650:Walid Jumblatt 1587:Main article: 1584: 1581: 1559: 1558: 1538: 1536: 1525: 1522: 1491:1997 elections 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1402:public schools 1369:Main article: 1366: 1363: 1350: 1347: 1309:Main article: 1306: 1303: 1265:, but not the 1259:Ba'athist Iraq 1233:Main article: 1230: 1227: 1192:Main article: 1189: 1186: 1176: 1173: 1160:Saddam Hussein 1117:Following the 1114: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086:(2020–present) 1081: 1075: 1072:Saddam Hussein 1069: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1012: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 995: 990: 985: 980: 978:Arab socialism 975: 969: 968: 966:Related topics 965: 964: 961: 960: 955: 954: 948: 942: 941: 935: 929: 928: 922: 916: 915: 912: 906: 905: 902: 894: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 878: 876: 875: 870: 864: 862: 858: 857: 855: 854: 849: 843: 841: 837: 836: 834: 833: 828: 822: 820: 816: 815: 813: 812: 807: 801: 799: 795: 794: 792: 791: 786: 780: 778: 774: 773: 771: 770: 765: 759: 757: 753: 752: 750: 749: 743: 741: 737: 736: 734: 733: 728: 722: 720: 716: 715: 713: 712: 706: 704: 700: 699: 697: 696: 691: 685: 683: 679: 678: 676: 675: 670: 664: 662: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 643: 641: 637: 636: 634: 633: 628: 622: 620: 616: 615: 613: 612: 607: 601: 599: 593: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 545: 538:Baathist Syria 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 492:Ba'athist Iraq 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 476: 475: 470: 468: 463: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 445: 444: 439: 434: 432:Saddam Hussein 429: 424: 422:Hafez al-Assad 419: 414: 412:Fuad al-Rikabi 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 387:Zaki al-Arsuzi 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 369: 368: 362: 356: 355: 352: 346: 345: 342: 336: 335: 332: 326: 325: 322: 314: 309: 308: 305: 304: 296: 295: 289: 288: 277: 274: 260:following the 250:Saddam Hussein 174: 173: 165: 164: 160: 159: 152: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 122: 116: 115: 113:(2006–present) 100: 96: 95: 86: 82: 81: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 46: 43: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12220: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12026: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11971: 11960: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11848: 11839: 11834: 11832: 11827: 11825: 11820: 11819: 11816: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11790: 11787: 11780: 11777: 11774: 11771: 11768: 11765: 11762: 11759: 11756: 11753: 11750: 11747: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11735: 11732: 11729: 11726: 11723: 11720: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11703:Wafa Movement 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11577: 11575: 11574:Popular Front 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11491: 11489: 11487:Unrepresented 11485: 11478: 11475: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11463: 11460: 11457: 11454: 11451: 11448: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11439:of the People 11432: 11426: 11421: 11414: 11409: 11407: 11402: 11400: 11395: 11394: 11391: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11336: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11290: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11192:National Bloc 11190: 11189: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11098:Unrepresented 11095: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11076: 11069: 11066: 11063: 11060: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11048: 11045: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11027: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11015: 11012: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10990: 10984: 10979: 10972: 10967: 10965: 10960: 10958: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10817:Liberal Party 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10802: 10798: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10726:Beja Congress 10724: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10696: 10691: 10684: 10679: 10677: 10672: 10670: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10625: 10619: 10613: 10611: 10605: 10603: 10597: 10595: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10576: 10574: 10568: 10566: 10560: 10558: 10552: 10550: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10524: 10517: 10511: 10508: 10502: 10499: 10496: 10493: 10487: 10484: 10478: 10475: 10472: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10453: 10449: 10442: 10437: 10435: 10430: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10419: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10393: 10390: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10350: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10306: 10295: 10292: 10289: 10286: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10253: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10227:Nida El Watan 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10198: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10170: 10167: 10162: 10156: 10151: 10144: 10139: 10137: 10132: 10130: 10125: 10124: 10121: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10069: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9967: 9960: 9955: 9953: 9948: 9946: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9918: 9907: 9904: 9901: 9898: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9878: 9875: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9854: 9851: 9848: 9845: 9842: 9839: 9836: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9823: 9816: 9813: 9812:Islamic group 9810: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9770: 9763: 9760: 9757: 9754: 9751: 9748: 9745: 9742: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9730: 9727: 9724: 9721: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9711:Amal Movement 9709: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9658: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9633: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9589:Amal Movement 9587: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9558: 9549: 9544: 9542: 9537: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9526: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468:Other parties 9466: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9451: 9448: 9445: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9430: 9427: 9424: 9421: 9418: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9405: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9382: 9380: 9375: 9373: 9368: 9367: 9364: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9224:Unrepresented 9222: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9180: 9173: 9168: 9166: 9161: 9159: 9154: 9153: 9150: 9140: 9135: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9002: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8974: 8971: 8968: 8965: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8942: 8941:Azem Alliance 8939: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8856: 8849: 8844: 8842: 8837: 8835: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8680: 8675: 8668: 8663: 8661: 8656: 8654: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8612: 8609: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8430: 8429:Dignity Party 8427: 8424: 8421: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8342:Parliamentary 8339: 8333: 8328: 8321: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8286: 8278: 8277: 8274: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8217:Greater Yemen 8215: 8213: 8212:Greater Syria 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7923:Organizations 7920: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7843:George Habash 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7823:Izzat Darwaza 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7758:Yasser Arafat 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7735:Personalities 7732: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7710:Arab identity 7708: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7624:Arab Cold War 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7457: 7452: 7450: 7445: 7443: 7438: 7437: 7434: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7350:Republicanism 7348: 7346: 7345:Progressivism 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298:Miscellaneous 7295: 7291: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6965:Rejectionists 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6912: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6619: 6607:* = incumbent 6604: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6517:Yusuf Zuayyin 6515: 6513: 6512:Amin al-Hafiz 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6405:Amin al-Hafiz 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6337:Yusuf Zuayyin 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6317:Mustafa Tlass 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6237:Sami al-Jundi 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6192:Amin al-Hafiz 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6182:Marwan Habash 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Khamis Sirhan 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5997:Qusay Hussein 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860:Zuheir Mohsen 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5845:Amin al-Hafiz 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5739:Amin al-Hafiz 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5480: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5211: 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1799: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1789:Iran-Iraq War 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1713:Sawt at-Talia 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678:against King 1677: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1596: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1555: 1546: 1542: 1539:This section 1537: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1464:al-Assad rule 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1448:authoritarian 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1346: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1318: 1312: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:2006 election 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1242: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1201: 1195: 1181: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 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7748:Michel Aflaq 7604:Algerian War 7530:Iraqi Revolt 7405: 7387: 7380: 7320:Anti-Zionism 6933:Armed groups 6877:Popular Army 6855:Paramilitary 6628:Organization 6427: 6162:Muhsen Bilal 5865:Munif Razzaz 5785:Michel Aflaq 5707:Isam al-Qadi 5664:Munif Razzaz 5576: 5532:Michel Aflaq 5516:Munif Razzaz 5511:Michel Aflaq 5321:Michel Aflaq 5283:Predecessors 5250: 5242: 5241: 5173:. 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