91:
1228:
63:
1146:; they included thunder, lightning and any accidental signs such as falling objects, but in particular, birdsigns; whether the birds he saw flew in groups or alone, what noises they made as they flew, the direction of flight, what kind of birds they were, how many there were, or how they fed. This practice was known as "
2046:
supplanted other types, as the other forms could be easily used in a fraudulent way, i.e. bent to suit the desire of the asking person. Cicero condemned the fraudulent use and denounced the decline in the level of knowledge of the doctrine by the augurs of his time, but in fact the abuse developed
1598:
included the right to adjourn and overturn the process of law: Consular election could be – and was – rendered invalid by inaugural error. For Cicero, this made the augur the most powerful authority in the
Republic. Cicero himself was co-opted into the college only late in his career.
2139:
He was born into a very poor family. One day he lost one of his pigs. He then promised the gods that if he found it, he would offer them the biggest grapes growing in his vineyard. After recovering his pig he stood right at the middle of his grape yard facing South. He divided the sky into four
1796:
are used indifferently by ancient authors. Modern scholars have debated the issue at length but have failed to find a distinctive definition that may hold for all the known cases. By such considerations
Dumezil thinks that the two terms refer in fact to two aspects of the same religious act:
1466:
Historically, augury was performed by priests of the college of augurs on behalf of senior magistrates. The practice itself likely comes from the neighboring region of
Etruria, where augurs were highly respected as officials. Magistrates were empowered to conduct augury as required for the
1750:
According to Varro, before his time augures had distinguished five kinds of territory: ager
Romanus, ager Gabinus, ager peregrinus, ager hosticus, ager incertus. These distinctions clearly point to the times of the prehistory of Latium and testify the archaic quality of the art of augury.
1656:, described the recent Civil War as "unnatural" – a mirror to supernatural disturbances in the greater cosmos. His imagery is apt to the traditional principles of augury and its broader interpretation by Stoic apologists of the Imperial cult. In the Stoic cosmology the
2131:
The very story or legend of the foundation of Rome is based on augury. the ascertaining of the will of gods through observation of the sky and of birds. Romulus and Remus indeed acted as augurs and
Romulus was considered a great augur throughout the course of his life.
1150:". As circumstance did not always favour the convenient appearance of wild birds or weather phenomena, domesticated chickens kept for the purpose were sometimes released into the templum, where their behaviour, particularly how they fed, could be studied by the augur.
300:
1722:(public augurs) concerned themselves only with matters related to the state. The role of the augur was that of consulting and interpreting the will of gods about some course of action such as accession of kings to the throne, of magistrates and major
1741:
and inaugurations of magistrates are strictly connected to political life this brought about the deterioration and abuses that condemned augury to progressive and irreversible debasement, stripping it of all religious value.
1506:
stressed the importance of the augurs: "Who does not know that this city was founded only after taking the auspices, that everything in war and in peace, at home and abroad, was done only after taking the auspices?"
2034:
Since the observation was complex, conflict among signs was common. A hierarchy among signs was devised: e.g. a sign from the eagle would prevail on that from the woodpecker and the ossifragae (parra).
1467:
performance of their official duties. Magistracies included senior military and civil ranks, which were therefore religious offices in their own right, and magistrates were directly responsible for the
2143:
His story was immediately famous and he became the augur of the king (see above the episode with king
Tarquinius narrated by Livy). Henceforth he was considered the patron of the augurs.
2340:
in
Republican ritual seems motivated by a need to limit aristocratic responsibility for military disaster, and offer some protection against accusations of incompetence by rivals.
1153:
The augural ceremony and function of the augur was central to any major undertaking in Roman society – public or private – including matters of war, commerce, and
2718:
1986:. Observation conditions were rigorous and required absolute silence for validity of the operation. Technically the sky was divided into four sections or regions:
1758:(augural law) was rigorously secret, therefore very little about the technical aspects of ceremonies and rituals has been recorded. We have only the names of some
1967:, or sacred space within which the operation would take place had to be established and delimited (it should be square and have only one entrance) and purified (
1770:
took place once a year, before the magistrates and the people, in which the gods were asked whether it was auspicious to ask to for the welfare of the Romans,
2055:
The interpretation of signs was vast and complex, and magistrates devised protective tricks to avoid being paralysed by negative signs. Against the negative
1446:
1105:
2738:
The imperial cult and the development of church order: Concepts and images of authority in paganism and early
Christianity before the Age of Cyprian
2140:
sections and observed birds: when they appeared he walked in that direction and found an extraordinary large grape that he offered to the gods.
2481:
1959:
1730:) and all public enterprises. It sufficed to say that the augur or magistrate had heard a clap of thunder to suspend the convocation of the
1494:(unexpected sign) – was reserved for the officiating augur, which would require the interruption of the proceedings then underway.
2820:
2301:
656:
412:
1439:
613:
1974:
1288:
1206:
1968:
1317:
1098:
2615:
2336:
1142:
corresponded to the heavenly space above. The augur's decisions were based on what he personally saw or heard from within the
2768:
1432:
1514:, which ended 509 BC, tradition holds that there were three augurs at a time; they numbered nine by the third century BC;
2828:
90:
1937:
included region of the sky, height and type of flight, behaviour of the bird and place where it would come to rest. The
1664:
1420:
858:
432:
2799:
2745:
2730:
2255:
2005:
The prototype of the ritual of inauguration of people is described in Livy's description of the inauguration of king
1091:
2135:
The character that best represented and portrayed the art however was Attus Navius. His story is related by Cicero:
145:
1278:
522:
2272:
auspiciis hanc urbem conditam esse, auspiciis bello ac pace domi militiaeque omnia geri, quis est qui ignoret?
1777:
required the sacrifice of red dogs and took place after wheat grains had formed and before they were shelled.
750:
295:
2223:
Brent (1999), pp. 17, 20: Brent describes augury as the "spiritual equivalent of consulting the polls".
1632:
The effectiveness of augury could only be judged retrospectively; the divinely ordained condition of peace (
2602:
1413:
230:
1982:
The enunciation of the requested auspicia that began the observation portion of the ceremony was called
1814:
would be the resulting interpretation i.e. the determination, acknowledgement of the presence of the
971:
828:
1227:
1572:
1559:
1410:
1244:
1154:
720:
572:
185:
82:
49:
1563:) of priests who shared the duties and responsibilities of the position. At the foundation of the
1157:. Augurs sought the divine will regarding any proposed course of action which might affect Rome's
41:
This article is about the Roman religious practice. For parallel practices in other cultures, see
2833:
in Paulys
Realencyclopaedie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaften vol. II (trans. into English)
2714:
903:
853:
634:
467:
255:
2784:
Imperatores Victi: Military Defeat and
Aristocractic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic
1818:, the action favoured by the god(s), the intention and the final product of the whole operation.
1715:("sacred things" or "rites") and were not the only way by which the gods made their will known.
848:
680:
675:
270:
56:
31:
17:
2247:
1389:
537:
2847:
1902:) could yield valid signs whose meaning would vary according to the species. Among them were
1384:
1131:
1081:
863:
700:
592:
587:
542:
512:
35:
2239:
1711:
1417:
1010:
735:
620:
582:
180:
130:
8:
2852:
1253:
1077:
917:
695:
627:
517:
2475:
1322:
883:
774:
532:
307:
170:
2814:
2117:
2764:
2741:
2726:
2305:
2251:
2240:
1358:
1189:
for "directing the birds", historical-linguistic evidence points instead to the root
769:
641:
502:
421:
339:
1636:) was an outcome of successful augury. Those whose actions had led to divine wrath (
492:
1616:
1353:
1338:
1035:
794:
779:
730:
562:
1542:. Membership gave the lifelong right to participate prominently in processions at
2757:
2113:
1915:
1672:
1511:
1394:
1059:
1030:
1020:
843:
664:
527:
482:
437:
427:
225:
215:
140:
2378:
31.1â2. cf. official reactions to "foreign cult" during the Punic crises, above.
2163:
2121:
2006:
1610:
1564:
1548:
and in public banquets; augurs proudly displayed the symbol of the office, the
1363:
1302:
1040:
1015:
888:
447:
442:
2787:
507:
2841:
2809:
2689:
3.339â344, for an instance in the conversation between king Numa and Jupiter.
1568:
1539:
1368:
1348:
1263:
893:
710:
668:
577:
567:
552:
547:
497:
391:
2824:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 903â904.
1872:
ex tripudiis (attitude to food, and feeding manner of Mars' sacred chickens)
1608:, a priestly-magistral office whose powers were increasingly woven into the
1177:
Although ancient authors believed that the term "augur" contained the words
62:
2178:
2168:
1784:– we know only the name that implies a ritual related to the harvest.
1727:
1683:
1676:
1535:
1531:
1343:
1123:
878:
811:
557:
487:
250:
245:
155:
42:
996:
2158:
991:
937:
868:
823:
472:
386:
369:
265:
235:
195:
1482:
The presiding magistrate at an augural rite held the "right of augury" (
2356:
1.522â605: "as if the stars themselves had strayed from their courses".
1907:
1653:
1604:
1575:
held sole claim to this office; by 300 BC, the office was open to
1519:
1460:
1459:
Political, military and civil actions were sanctioned by augury and by
981:
477:
381:
210:
205:
190:
175:
165:
160:
135:
125:
27:
Ancient Roman priest tasked with divination by the observation of birds
2047:
from the evasion of negative signs, described in the next subsection.
1583:
put forth nominations for any vacancies, and members voted on whom to
1522:, their numbers swelled even further to an estimated 25 members.
715:
2351:
1863:
1584:
1054:
956:
942:
873:
838:
818:
799:
784:
329:
240:
150:
110:
2725:, Volume I, illustrated, reprint, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
2120:
and pre-historical, originally Latin or Italic, and attested in the
1134:
by studying events he observed within a predetermined sacred space (
354:
48:"Auguries" redirects here. For the 2022 "Westworld" TV episode, see
2109:
2017:" (i.e. if it is divine justice to do this) "... send me a certain
1645:
1576:
1273:
1025:
976:
966:
932:
927:
922:
910:
833:
764:
757:
745:
364:
324:
319:
1859:
1838:
The auspicia were divided into two categories: requested by man (
1731:
1066:
1047:
1003:
898:
789:
115:
70:, the curved wand often used as a symbol of augury on Roman coins
2090:– making a distinction between observation and formulation
2153:
1602:
In the later Republic, augury was supervised by the college of
1550:
1530:
During the Republic, priesthoods were prized as greatly as the
1297:
1268:
1232:
1127:
986:
740:
725:
705:
359:
220:
200:
120:
67:
1709:(augural rites) were considered to be in equilibrium with the
1671:, took priestly control over the State oracles (including the
2813:
2547:
U. Norden (1939). "Die Spruchformel des Augur auf dem Burg".
2108:
Contrary to other divinatory practices present in Rome (e.g.
2069:– refuse them through an interpretative sleight of hand
1919:
1903:
1880:
1515:
1312:
1307:
1186:
961:
949:
685:
344:
334:
260:
66:
Modern depiction of an augur with sacred chicken; he holds a
2025:
he wanted to see. When they appeared Numa was declared king.
2173:
2096:– resorting to acknowledging the presence of mistakes
1884:
1648:
could have possessed it, because he alone had restored the
1544:
1503:
690:
349:
2786:. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990 1990.
2084:– choosing the time of the observation at one's will
1804:
would design the technical process of the operation, i.e.
1911:
1888:
1876:
804:
1953:(observation of auspices) would establish the requested
1854:
auspices could be further divided into five subclasses:
2285:
2038:
During the last centuries of the republic the auspices
2288:
The Official Priests of Rome under the Julio-Claudians
2075:– by assuming one had not paid attention to them
1679:
to suppress the circulation of "unapproved" oracles.
1660:
is the expression of natural order in human affairs.
2804:
in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2763:(3 ed.). Oxford, UK.: Oxford University Press.
1682:
Despite their lack of political influence under the
2754:
1963:("requested" or "sought" auspices; see above). The
1640:) could not have possessed a true right of augury (
2756:
2281:
2279:
1644:). Of all the protagonists in the Civil War, only
2078:declaring something that in fact had not appeared
1949:Magistrates endowed by the law with the right of
2839:
1693:
2276:
1941:included the pitch and direction of the sound.
1690:, continued to confer prestige on its members.
1652:to the Roman people. Lucan, writing during the
2755:Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony (1996).
2233:
2231:
2229:
2317:Brent (1999), pp. 19â25: citing Cicero,
1440:
1099:
95:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
2374:Brent (1999), p. 59: citing Suetonius,
2237:
2226:
1557:Roman augurs were part of a college (Latin
2480:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2465:
2250:note 20, p. 60 note 86, 273â280, 346â351.
1579:occupation as well. Senior members of the
1518:increased their number to fifteen. By the
1447:
1433:
1196:
1106:
1092:
2735:
2546:
1957:(observation platform) before taking the
1842:) and offered spontaneously by the gods (
1126:world. His main role was the practice of
2808:
2349:Brent (1999), p. 48, citing Lucan,
2290:. Rome: American Academy. pp. 9â12.
2242:Linee del sistema sovrannazionale romano
1130:, the interpretation of the will of the
614:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
61:
2435:Paulus ex Festus s.v. p. 467 L2: "
2330:Rosenstein (1990), pp. 57â58: the
2002:(right, left, anterior and posterior).
1479:of Rome and everything that was Roman.
1169:(peace, good fortune, and well-being).
14:
2840:
1667:died, Augustus assumed his office as
1490:– announcing the appearance of
2246:. Turin, IT: Giappichelli. pp.
1745:
303:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1925:Signs from birds were divided into
1686:, the augurate, as with its fellow
24:
2059:the admitted procedures included:
2021:(sign)" then the augur listed the
1497:
1421:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
433:Archaeology of religion and ritual
25:
2864:
2793:
1525:
1122:was a priest and official in the
2644:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2631:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2576:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2549:Aus Altroemischer Priestenbuchen
2535:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2286:Martha W. Hoffman Lewis (1955).
2128:) and among other Latin tribes.
1226:
89:
2759:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2692:
2679:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2609:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2459:
2442:
2429:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2359:
2343:
2103:
1627:
146:Evolutionary origin of religion
2324:
2311:
2294:
2264:
2217:
2208:
2195:
2116:) Roman augury appears to be
2099:repeating the whole procedure.
1279:Quindecimviri sacris faciundis
301:Treatise on the Apparitions of
13:
1:
2468:La religion Romaine archaique
2365:Brent (1999), pp. 17â18.
2184:
2063:actively avoiding seeing them
2029:
1833:
1193:: "to increase, to prosper".
751:Traditional African religions
296:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
2304:after the latter's death at
2189:
1898:Only some species of birds (
1688:quattuor amplissima collegia
1172:
7:
2205:, volume 1, pp.22-24, 27-28
2147:
1824:Agere augurium, aves specit
10:
2869:
2708:
2642:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2629:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2574:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2533:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2520:Festus, p. 348 L2; Varro,
2050:
1894:ex diris (ominous events).
1830:, he observed the birds".
1675:), and used his powers as
54:
47:
40:
29:
2214:Brent (1999), p. 20.
2013:The augur asks Jupiter: "
1944:
1590:According to Cicero, the
829:Armenian Apostolic Church
1411:Religion in ancient Rome
721:Native American religion
376:Revitalization movements
231:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
83:Anthropology of religion
50:The Auguries (Westworld)
30:Not to be confused with
2821:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1929:, from the flight, and
1808:, looking at the birds;
1197:History and public role
635:The Journal of Religion
256:Theories about religion
2782:Rosenstein, Nathan S.
2426:Festus, p. 386 L2
2145:
2112:, consultation of the
2027:
1933:, from the voice: The
1624:consular prerogative.
681:Alaska Native religion
676:Afro-American religion
271:Veneration of the dead
71:
57:Augur (disambiguation)
32:auger (disambiguation)
2789:(e-book, open access)
2137:
2011:
1385:Virgo Vestalis Maxima
1082:cultural anthropology
701:Chinese folk religion
593:Anthony F. C. Wallace
588:Daniel Martin Varisco
513:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
415:of the Religious Life
65:
36:agar (disambiguation)
2238:P. Catalano (1965).
1960:auspicia impetrativa
1726:to their functions (
1705:In ancient Rome the
1620:eventually became a
1502:The Roman historian
1418:Gallo-Roman religion
736:Shamanism in Siberia
583:Edward Burnett Tylor
413:The Elementary Forms
181:Magic (supernatural)
131:Comparative religion
55:For other uses, see
2466:G. Dumezil (1974).
1826:", "to conduct the
1663:When his colleague
1274:Septemviri epulonum
1148:taking the auspices
918:Hindu denominations
859:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
628:The Hibbert Journal
538:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
523:Fustel de Coulanges
77:Part of a series on
2736:Brent, A. (1999).
1875:ex quadrupedibus (
1822:In Varro's words "
1323:Sodales Augustales
1287:Other colleges or
972:Non-denominational
884:Oriental Orthodoxy
438:Poles in mythology
171:Laying on of hands
72:
2770:978-0-19-866172-6
2723:Religions of Rome
2620:belong to Jupiter
2551:. pp. 3â106.
2448:e.g. in Cicero,
2057:auspicia oblativa
1869:ex avibus (birds)
1782:vernisera auguria
1775:augurium canarium
1746:Ancient tradition
1492:auspicia oblativa
1457:
1456:
1359:Flamen Quirinalis
1116:
1115:
904:Russian Orthodoxy
854:Eastern Orthodoxy
503:Arnold van Gennep
422:Purity and Danger
16:(Redirected from
2860:
2825:
2817:
2774:
2762:
2751:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2677:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2446:
2440:
2437:auguria messalia
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2319:De Natura Deorum
2315:
2309:
2300:Cicero replaced
2298:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2245:
2235:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2199:
1768:augurium salutis
1669:pontifex maximus
1617:pontifex maximus
1614:. The office of
1486:). The right of
1449:
1442:
1435:
1390:Flaminica Dialis
1354:Flamen Martialis
1339:Pontifex maximus
1230:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1108:
1101:
1094:
849:Coptic Orthodoxy
563:Marshall Sahlins
405:Related articles
93:
74:
73:
21:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2838:
2837:
2796:
2771:
2748:
2711:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2680:
2676:, 2.32 and 2.34
2667:
2663:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2610:
2603:Ab Urbe Condita
2599:
2595:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2348:
2344:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2302:Publius Crassus
2299:
2295:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2236:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2150:
2114:libri Sibyllini
2106:
2053:
2032:
1947:
1836:
1748:
1739:auguria publica
1720:augures publici
1703:
1673:Sibylline books
1630:
1528:
1500:
1498:Kingdom of Rome
1453:
1416:
1395:Regina sacrorum
1303:Fratres Arvales
1238:
1220:of ancient Rome
1219:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1175:
1124:classical Roman
1112:
1072:
1071:
864:Greek Orthodoxy
844:Catholic Church
660:
659:
648:
647:
608:
607:
598:
597:
573:Stanley Tambiah
528:Clifford Geertz
483:Joseph Campbell
468:Augustin Calmet
463:
462:
461:Major theorists
453:
452:
428:Myth and ritual
414:
407:
406:
397:
396:
302:
286:
285:
276:
275:
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216:Rite of passage
141:Divine language
106:
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53:
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39:
28:
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12:
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5:
2866:
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2815:"Augurs"
2812:, ed. (1911).
2810:Chisholm, Hugh
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894:Protestantism
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551:
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543:Robert Marett
541:
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498:Mircea Eliade
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392:Handsome Lake
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44:
37:
33:
19:
2848:Roman augurs
2830:
2819:
2801:
2783:
2776:
2758:
2737:
2722:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2630:
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2616:
2611:
2606:, 1.18, 5.10
2601:
2596:
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2335:
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2326:
2318:
2313:
2296:
2287:
2271:
2266:
2241:
2219:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2179:Ornithomancy
2169:Inauguration
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2107:
2104:Attus Navius
2093:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2044:ex tripudiis
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:legum dictio
1983:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1899:
1897:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1806:aves spicere
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1756:jus augurale
1755:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1736:
1728:inauguration
1723:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1628:Roman Empire
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1567:in 510
1558:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1529:
1512:Regal period
1509:
1501:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1344:Rex Sacrorum
1258:
1236:(AD 250â260)
1235:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1119:
1117:
1011:Conservative
879:Nestorianism
812:Christianity
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
558:Saba Mahmood
533:Robin Horton
518:James Frazer
488:Mary Douglas
420:
411:
308:Neo-Paganism
284:Case studies
251:Superstition
246:Soul dualism
156:Great Spirit
43:Ornithomancy
2334:search for
2159:Auguraculum
2126:avif aseria
2110:haruspicina
2088:renuntiatio
1908:woodpeckers
1848:impetrativa
1840:impetrativa
1642:ius augurum
1596:ius augurum
1484:ius augurii
1377:Priestesses
1218:Priesthoods
938:Vaishnavism
869:Lutheranism
824:Anglicanism
508:René Girard
387:Ghost Dance
266:Transtheism
236:Sacred site
196:Nympholepsy
2853:Divination
2842:Categories
2685:See Ovid,
2450:De Legibus
2415:Nat. Hist.
2185:References
2030:Precedence
2015:Si fas est
1916:ossifragae
1858:ex caelo (
1834:Categories
1788:The terms
1724:sacerdotes
1658:pax deorum
1654:Principate
1650:pax deorum
1638:ira deorum
1634:pax deorum
1605:pontifices
1592:auctoritas
1573:patricians
1538:, and the
1536:censorship
1532:consulship
1520:Principate
1461:haruspices
1289:sodalities
1254:Pontifices
1060:ĆvetÄmbara
696:Böö mörgöl
478:Talal Asad
382:Cargo cult
211:Polytheism
206:Pilgrimage
191:Monotheism
176:Liminality
166:Initiation
161:Henotheism
136:Divination
126:Communitas
2829:Wissowa,
2740:. Brill.
2719:North, J.
2715:Beard, M.
2674:Leg. Agr.
2659:, 2.72â73
2476:cite book
2391:, 2.72â73
2352:Pharsalia
2190:Citations
2082:tempestas
2067:repudiare
1955:auspicium
1864:lightning
1802:auspicium
1794:auspicium
1581:collegium
1560:collegium
1488:nuntiatio
1173:Etymology
1055:Digambara
997:YazdĂąnism
977:Quranists
957:Ahmadiyya
943:Ayyavazhi
874:Methodism
839:Calvinism
819:Adventism
800:Vajrayana
785:Theravada
775:Pure Land
657:Religions
330:Bobohizan
241:Shamanism
151:Fetishism
111:Afterlife
2802:Augurium
2800:article
2698:Cicero,
2672:, 1.25;
2668:Cicero,
2655:Cicero,
2565:, 7.8â10
2507:Cicero,
2470:. Paris.
2387:Cicero,
2376:Augustus
2332:post hoc
2148:See also
2040:ex caelo
2023:auspicia
1992:sinistra
1976:liberare
1852:oblativa
1846:). Both
1844:oblativa
1828:augurium
1812:augurium
1790:augurium
1700:auspices
1694:Augurs,
1646:Octavian
1622:de facto
1577:plebeian
1565:Republic
1298:Fetiales
1269:Flamines
1264:Vestales
1245:colleges
1208:a series
1205:Part of
1185:–
1155:religion
1036:Orthodox
1026:Haymanot
967:Mahdavia
933:Smartism
928:Shaktism
923:Shaivism
911:Hinduism
834:Baptists
770:Nichiren
765:Mahayana
758:Buddhism
746:Tengrism
621:Folklore
606:Journals
365:Slametan
325:Babaylan
320:Angakkuq
2831:Augures
2777:augures
2709:Sources
2646:, 2.374
2633:, 4.462
2587:Varro,
2561:Varro,
2494:Varro,
2400:Varro,
2306:Carrhae
2201:Beard,
2051:Evasion
2000:postica
1988:dextera
1965:templum
1951:spectio
1939:oscines
1931:oscines
1860:thunder
1760:auguria
1732:comitia
1707:auguria
1696:auguria
1665:Lepidus
1540:triumph
1510:In the
1473:fortuna
1331:Priests
1318:Luperci
1259:Augures
1163:fortuna
1144:templum
1140:templum
1138:). The
1136:templum
1067:Sikhism
1048:Jainism
1031:Karaite
1021:Hasidic
1004:Judaism
899:Quakers
795:Tibetan
790:Tiantai
780:Shingon
716:KejawĂšn
642:Oceania
116:Animism
2767:
2744:
2729:
2702:, 1.17
2600:Livy,
2578:, 3.89
2537:, 3.89
2524:, 6.76
2511:, 2.76
2498:, 5.83
2413:Pliny
2404:, 5.53
2337:vitium
2321:, 2.4.
2254:
2154:Augury
2019:signum
1998:, and
1996:antica
1970:effari
1945:Ritual
1935:alites
1927:alites
1920:eagles
1918:, and
1904:ravens
1887:, and
1816:*auges
1737:Since
1698:, and
1684:Empire
1677:censor
1585:co-opt
1571:, the
1551:lituus
1534:, the
1475:, and
1243:Major
1233:Flamen
1211:on the
1165:, and
1128:augury
1078:Social
1041:Reform
1016:Haredi
987:Sufism
741:Shinto
731:Shindo
726:Noaidi
706:Hanitu
665:Ethnic
360:Pawang
355:JhÄkri
314:Ritual
221:Ritual
201:Oracle
121:Augury
68:lituus
18:Augurs
2775:s.v.
2687:Fasti
2617:signa
2591:, 7.7
2417:18.14
2203:et al
2094:vitia
1881:horse
1712:sacra
1516:Sulla
1477:salus
1313:Titii
1308:Salii
1191:augeĆ
1187:Latin
1167:salus
1120:augur
992:Sunni
962:Ibadi
950:Islam
711:Hausa
686:Anito
345:Dukun
335:Bomoh
290:Magic
261:Totem
2765:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2727:ISBN
2482:link
2252:ISBN
2174:Omen
2042:and
1912:owls
1885:wolf
1850:and
1792:and
1780:The
1773:The
1766:The
1754:The
1718:The
1545:ludi
1504:Livy
1183:gerĆ
1181:and
1179:avis
1132:gods
1080:and
982:Shia
691:Atua
667:and
350:Miko
340:Bora
186:Mana
1979:).
1889:fox
1877:dog
1594:of
1469:pax
1159:pax
1118:An
805:Zen
34:or
2844::
2818:.
2717:,
2478:}}
2474:{{
2452:,
2439:".
2278:^
2248:40
2228:^
1994:,
1990:,
1973:,
1922:.
1914:,
1910:,
1906:,
1883:,
1879:,
1862:,
1762::
1734:.
1587:.
1569:BC
1554:.
1471:,
1463:.
1161:,
370:Wu
2779:.
2773:.
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2260:.
2124:(
2009::
1891:)
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1448:e
1441:t
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1107:e
1100:t
1093:v
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52:.
45:.
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