80:
1217:
52:
1135:; they included thunder, lightning and any accidental signs such as falling objects, but in particular, birdsigns; whether the birds he saw flew in groups or alone, what noises they made as they flew, the direction of flight, what kind of birds they were, how many there were, or how they fed. This practice was known as "
2035:
supplanted other types, as the other forms could be easily used in a fraudulent way, i.e. bent to suit the desire of the asking person. Cicero condemned the fraudulent use and denounced the decline in the level of knowledge of the doctrine by the augurs of his time, but in fact the abuse developed
1587:
included the right to adjourn and overturn the process of law: Consular election could be – and was – rendered invalid by inaugural error. For Cicero, this made the augur the most powerful authority in the
Republic. Cicero himself was co-opted into the college only late in his career.
2128:
He was born into a very poor family. One day he lost one of his pigs. He then promised the gods that if he found it, he would offer them the biggest grapes growing in his vineyard. After recovering his pig he stood right at the middle of his grape yard facing South. He divided the sky into four
1785:
are used indifferently by ancient authors. Modern scholars have debated the issue at length but have failed to find a distinctive definition that may hold for all the known cases. By such considerations
Dumezil thinks that the two terms refer in fact to two aspects of the same religious act:
1455:
Historically, augury was performed by priests of the college of augurs on behalf of senior magistrates. The practice itself likely comes from the neighboring region of
Etruria, where augurs were highly respected as officials. Magistrates were empowered to conduct augury as required for the
1739:
According to Varro, before his time augures had distinguished five kinds of territory: ager
Romanus, ager Gabinus, ager peregrinus, ager hosticus, ager incertus. These distinctions clearly point to the times of the prehistory of Latium and testify the archaic quality of the art of augury.
1645:, described the recent Civil War as "unnatural" – a mirror to supernatural disturbances in the greater cosmos. His imagery is apt to the traditional principles of augury and its broader interpretation by Stoic apologists of the Imperial cult. In the Stoic cosmology the
2120:
The very story or legend of the foundation of Rome is based on augury. the ascertaining of the will of gods through observation of the sky and of birds. Romulus and Remus indeed acted as augurs and
Romulus was considered a great augur throughout the course of his life.
1139:". As circumstance did not always favour the convenient appearance of wild birds or weather phenomena, domesticated chickens kept for the purpose were sometimes released into the templum, where their behaviour, particularly how they fed, could be studied by the augur.
289:
1711:(public augurs) concerned themselves only with matters related to the state. The role of the augur was that of consulting and interpreting the will of gods about some course of action such as accession of kings to the throne, of magistrates and major
1730:
and inaugurations of magistrates are strictly connected to political life this brought about the deterioration and abuses that condemned augury to progressive and irreversible debasement, stripping it of all religious value.
1495:
stressed the importance of the augurs: "Who does not know that this city was founded only after taking the auspices, that everything in war and in peace, at home and abroad, was done only after taking the auspices?"
2023:
Since the observation was complex, conflict among signs was common. A hierarchy among signs was devised: e.g. a sign from the eagle would prevail on that from the woodpecker and the ossifragae (parra).
1456:
performance of their official duties. Magistracies included senior military and civil ranks, which were therefore religious offices in their own right, and magistrates were directly responsible for the
2132:
His story was immediately famous and he became the augur of the king (see above the episode with king
Tarquinius narrated by Livy). Henceforth he was considered the patron of the augurs.
2329:
in
Republican ritual seems motivated by a need to limit aristocratic responsibility for military disaster, and offer some protection against accusations of incompetence by rivals.
1142:
The augural ceremony and function of the augur was central to any major undertaking in Roman society – public or private – including matters of war, commerce, and
2707:
1975:. Observation conditions were rigorous and required absolute silence for validity of the operation. Technically the sky was divided into four sections or regions:
1747:(augural law) was rigorously secret, therefore very little about the technical aspects of ceremonies and rituals has been recorded. We have only the names of some
1956:, or sacred space within which the operation would take place had to be established and delimited (it should be square and have only one entrance) and purified (
1759:
took place once a year, before the magistrates and the people, in which the gods were asked whether it was auspicious to ask to for the welfare of the Romans,
2044:
The interpretation of signs was vast and complex, and magistrates devised protective tricks to avoid being paralysed by negative signs. Against the negative
1435:
1094:
2727:
The imperial cult and the development of church order: Concepts and images of authority in paganism and early
Christianity before the Age of Cyprian
2129:
sections and observed birds: when they appeared he walked in that direction and found an extraordinary large grape that he offered to the gods.
2470:
1948:
1719:) and all public enterprises. It sufficed to say that the augur or magistrate had heard a clap of thunder to suspend the convocation of the
1483:(unexpected sign) – was reserved for the officiating augur, which would require the interruption of the proceedings then underway.
2809:
2290:
645:
401:
1428:
602:
1963:
1277:
1195:
1957:
1306:
1087:
2604:
2325:
1131:
corresponded to the heavenly space above. The augur's decisions were based on what he personally saw or heard from within the
2757:
1421:
1503:, which ended 509 BC, tradition holds that there were three augurs at a time; they numbered nine by the third century BC;
2817:
79:
1926:
included region of the sky, height and type of flight, behaviour of the bird and place where it would come to rest. The
1653:
1409:
847:
421:
2788:
2734:
2719:
2244:
1994:
The prototype of the ritual of inauguration of people is described in Livy's description of the inauguration of king
1080:
2124:
The character that best represented and portrayed the art however was Attus Navius. His story is related by Cicero:
134:
1267:
511:
2261:
auspiciis hanc urbem conditam esse, auspiciis bello ac pace domi militiaeque omnia geri, quis est qui ignoret?
1766:
required the sacrifice of red dogs and took place after wheat grains had formed and before they were shelled.
739:
284:
2212:
Brent (1999), pp. 17, 20: Brent describes augury as the "spiritual equivalent of consulting the polls".
1621:
The effectiveness of augury could only be judged retrospectively; the divinely ordained condition of peace (
2591:
1402:
219:
1971:
The enunciation of the requested auspicia that began the observation portion of the ceremony was called
1803:
would be the resulting interpretation i.e. the determination, acknowledgement of the presence of the
960:
817:
1216:
1561:
1548:
1399:
1233:
1143:
709:
561:
174:
71:
38:
1552:) of priests who shared the duties and responsibilities of the position. At the foundation of the
1146:. Augurs sought the divine will regarding any proposed course of action which might affect Rome's
30:
This article is about the Roman religious practice. For parallel practices in other cultures, see
2822:
in Paulys
Realencyclopaedie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaften vol. II (trans. into English)
2703:
892:
842:
623:
456:
244:
2773:
Imperatores Victi: Military Defeat and
Aristocractic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic
1807:, the action favoured by the god(s), the intention and the final product of the whole operation.
1704:("sacred things" or "rites") and were not the only way by which the gods made their will known.
837:
669:
664:
259:
45:
20:
2236:
1378:
526:
2836:
1891:) could yield valid signs whose meaning would vary according to the species. Among them were
1373:
1120:
1070:
852:
689:
581:
576:
531:
501:
24:
2228:
1700:
1406:
999:
724:
609:
571:
169:
119:
8:
2841:
1242:
1066:
906:
684:
616:
506:
2464:
1311:
872:
763:
521:
296:
159:
2803:
2106:
2753:
2730:
2715:
2294:
2240:
2229:
1347:
1178:
for "directing the birds", historical-linguistic evidence points instead to the root
758:
630:
491:
410:
328:
1625:) was an outcome of successful augury. Those whose actions had led to divine wrath (
481:
1605:
1342:
1327:
1024:
783:
768:
719:
551:
1531:. Membership gave the lifelong right to participate prominently in processions at
2746:
2102:
1904:
1661:
1500:
1383:
1048:
1019:
1009:
832:
653:
516:
471:
426:
416:
214:
204:
129:
2367:
31.1â2. cf. official reactions to "foreign cult" during the Punic crises, above.
2152:
2110:
1995:
1599:
1553:
1537:
and in public banquets; augurs proudly displayed the symbol of the office, the
1352:
1291:
1029:
1004:
877:
436:
431:
2776:
496:
2830:
2798:
2678:
3.339â344, for an instance in the conversation between king Numa and Jupiter.
1557:
1528:
1357:
1337:
1252:
882:
699:
657:
566:
556:
541:
536:
486:
380:
2813:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 903â904.
1861:
ex tripudiis (attitude to food, and feeding manner of Mars' sacred chickens)
1597:, a priestly-magistral office whose powers were increasingly woven into the
1166:
Although ancient authors believed that the term "augur" contained the words
51:
2167:
2157:
1773:– we know only the name that implies a ritual related to the harvest.
1716:
1672:
1665:
1524:
1520:
1332:
1112:
867:
800:
546:
476:
239:
234:
144:
31:
985:
2147:
980:
926:
857:
812:
461:
375:
358:
254:
224:
184:
1471:
The presiding magistrate at an augural rite held the "right of augury" (
2345:
1.522â605: "as if the stars themselves had strayed from their courses".
1896:
1642:
1593:
1564:
held sole claim to this office; by 300 BC, the office was open to
1508:
1449:
1448:
Political, military and civil actions were sanctioned by augury and by
970:
466:
370:
199:
194:
179:
164:
154:
149:
124:
114:
16:
Ancient Roman priest tasked with divination by the observation of birds
2036:
from the evasion of negative signs, described in the next subsection.
1572:
put forth nominations for any vacancies, and members voted on whom to
1511:, their numbers swelled even further to an estimated 25 members.
704:
2340:
1852:
1573:
1043:
945:
931:
862:
827:
807:
788:
773:
318:
229:
139:
99:
2714:, Volume I, illustrated, reprint, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
2109:
and pre-historical, originally Latin or Italic, and attested in the
1123:
by studying events he observed within a predetermined sacred space (
343:
37:"Auguries" redirects here. For the 2022 "Westworld" TV episode, see
2098:
2006:" (i.e. if it is divine justice to do this) "... send me a certain
1634:
1565:
1262:
1014:
965:
955:
921:
916:
911:
899:
822:
753:
746:
734:
353:
313:
308:
1848:
1827:
The auspicia were divided into two categories: requested by man (
1720:
1055:
1036:
992:
887:
778:
104:
59:, the curved wand often used as a symbol of augury on Roman coins
2079:– making a distinction between observation and formulation
2142:
1591:
In the later Republic, augury was supervised by the college of
1539:
1519:
During the Republic, priesthoods were prized as greatly as the
1286:
1257:
1221:
1116:
975:
729:
714:
694:
348:
209:
189:
109:
56:
1698:(augural rites) were considered to be in equilibrium with the
1660:, took priestly control over the State oracles (including the
2802:
2536:
U. Norden (1939). "Die Spruchformel des Augur auf dem Burg".
2097:
Contrary to other divinatory practices present in Rome (e.g.
2058:– refuse them through an interpretative sleight of hand
1908:
1892:
1869:
1504:
1301:
1296:
1175:
950:
938:
674:
333:
323:
249:
55:
Modern depiction of an augur with sacred chicken; he holds a
2014:
he wanted to see. When they appeared Numa was declared king.
2162:
2085:– resorting to acknowledging the presence of mistakes
1873:
1637:
could have possessed it, because he alone had restored the
1533:
1492:
679:
338:
2775:. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990 1990.
2073:– choosing the time of the observation at one's will
1793:
would design the technical process of the operation, i.e.
1900:
1877:
1865:
793:
1942:(observation of auspices) would establish the requested
1843:
auspices could be further divided into five subclasses:
2274:
2027:
During the last centuries of the republic the auspices
2277:
The Official Priests of Rome under the Julio-Claudians
2064:– by assuming one had not paid attention to them
1668:
to suppress the circulation of "unapproved" oracles.
1649:
is the expression of natural order in human affairs.
2793:
in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2752:(3 ed.). Oxford, UK.: Oxford University Press.
1671:
Despite their lack of political influence under the
2743:
1952:("requested" or "sought" auspices; see above). The
1629:) could not have possessed a true right of augury (
2745:
2270:
2268:
1633:). Of all the protagonists in the Civil War, only
2067:declaring something that in fact had not appeared
1938:Magistrates endowed by the law with the right of
2828:
1682:
2265:
1930:included the pitch and direction of the sound.
1679:, continued to confer prestige on its members.
1641:to the Roman people. Lucan, writing during the
2744:Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony (1996).
2222:
2220:
2218:
2306:Brent (1999), pp. 19â25: citing Cicero,
1429:
1088:
84:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
2363:Brent (1999), p. 59: citing Suetonius,
2226:
2215:
1546:Roman augurs were part of a college (Latin
2469:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2454:
2239:note 20, p. 60 note 86, 273â280, 346â351.
1568:occupation as well. Senior members of the
1507:increased their number to fifteen. By the
1436:
1422:
1185:
1095:
1081:
2724:
2535:
1946:(observation platform) before taking the
1831:) and offered spontaneously by the gods (
1115:world. His main role was the practice of
2797:
2338:Brent (1999), p. 48, citing Lucan,
2279:. Rome: American Academy. pp. 9â12.
2231:Linee del sistema sovrannazionale romano
1119:, the interpretation of the will of the
603:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
50:
2424:Paulus ex Festus s.v. p. 467 L2: "
2319:Rosenstein (1990), pp. 57â58: the
1991:(right, left, anterior and posterior).
1468:of Rome and everything that was Roman.
1158:(peace, good fortune, and well-being).
2829:
1656:died, Augustus assumed his office as
1479:– announcing the appearance of
2235:. Turin, IT: Giappichelli. pp.
1734:
292:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1914:Signs from birds were divided into
1675:, the augurate, as with its fellow
13:
2048:the admitted procedures included:
2010:(sign)" then the augur listed the
1486:
1410:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
422:Archaeology of religion and ritual
14:
2853:
2782:
1514:
1111:was a priest and official in the
2633:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2620:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2565:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2538:Aus Altroemischer Priestenbuchen
2524:In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
2275:Martha W. Hoffman Lewis (1955).
2117:) and among other Latin tribes.
1215:
78:
2748:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2681:
2668:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2598:
2583:
2570:
2557:
2544:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2448:
2431:
2418:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2348:
2332:
2092:
1616:
135:Evolutionary origin of religion
2313:
2300:
2283:
2253:
2206:
2197:
2184:
2105:) Roman augury appears to be
2088:repeating the whole procedure.
1268:Quindecimviri sacris faciundis
290:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
2457:La religion Romaine archaique
2354:Brent (1999), pp. 17â18.
2173:
2052:actively avoiding seeing them
2018:
1822:
1182:: "to increase, to prosper".
740:Traditional African religions
285:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
2293:after the latter's death at
2178:
1887:Only some species of birds (
1677:quattuor amplissima collegia
1161:
7:
2194:, volume 1, pp.22-24, 27-28
2136:
1813:Agere augurium, aves specit
10:
2858:
2697:
2631:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2618:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2563:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2522:Maurus Servius Honoratus,
2509:Festus, p. 348 L2; Varro,
2039:
1883:ex diris (ominous events).
1819:, he observed the birds".
1664:), and used his powers as
43:
36:
29:
18:
2203:Brent (1999), p. 20.
2002:The augur asks Jupiter: "
1933:
1579:According to Cicero, the
818:Armenian Apostolic Church
1400:Religion in ancient Rome
710:Native American religion
365:Revitalization movements
220:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
72:Anthropology of religion
39:The Auguries (Westworld)
19:Not to be confused with
2810:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1918:, from the flight, and
1797:, looking at the birds;
1186:History and public role
624:The Journal of Religion
245:Theories about religion
2771:Rosenstein, Nathan S.
2415:Festus, p. 386 L2
2134:
2101:, consultation of the
2016:
1922:, from the voice: The
1613:consular prerogative.
670:Alaska Native religion
665:Afro-American religion
260:Veneration of the dead
60:
46:Augur (disambiguation)
21:auger (disambiguation)
2778:(e-book, open access)
2126:
2000:
1374:Virgo Vestalis Maxima
1071:cultural anthropology
690:Chinese folk religion
582:Anthony F. C. Wallace
577:Daniel Martin Varisco
502:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
404:of the Religious Life
54:
25:agar (disambiguation)
2227:P. Catalano (1965).
1949:auspicia impetrativa
1715:to their functions (
1694:In ancient Rome the
1609:eventually became a
1491:The Roman historian
1407:Gallo-Roman religion
725:Shamanism in Siberia
572:Edward Burnett Tylor
402:The Elementary Forms
170:Magic (supernatural)
120:Comparative religion
44:For other uses, see
2455:G. Dumezil (1974).
1815:", "to conduct the
1652:When his colleague
1263:Septemviri epulonum
1137:taking the auspices
907:Hindu denominations
848:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
617:The Hibbert Journal
527:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
512:Fustel de Coulanges
66:Part of a series on
2725:Brent, A. (1999).
1864:ex quadrupedibus (
1811:In Varro's words "
1312:Sodales Augustales
1276:Other colleges or
961:Non-denominational
873:Oriental Orthodoxy
427:Poles in mythology
160:Laying on of hands
61:
2759:978-0-19-866172-6
2712:Religions of Rome
2609:belong to Jupiter
2540:. pp. 3â106.
2437:e.g. in Cicero,
2046:auspicia oblativa
1858:ex avibus (birds)
1771:vernisera auguria
1764:augurium canarium
1735:Ancient tradition
1481:auspicia oblativa
1446:
1445:
1348:Flamen Quirinalis
1105:
1104:
893:Russian Orthodoxy
843:Eastern Orthodoxy
492:Arnold van Gennep
411:Purity and Danger
2849:
2814:
2806:
2763:
2751:
2740:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2616:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2435:
2429:
2426:auguria messalia
2422:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2336:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2308:De Natura Deorum
2304:
2298:
2289:Cicero replaced
2287:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2234:
2224:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2188:
1757:augurium salutis
1658:pontifex maximus
1606:pontifex maximus
1603:. The office of
1475:). The right of
1438:
1431:
1424:
1379:Flaminica Dialis
1343:Flamen Martialis
1328:Pontifex maximus
1219:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1097:
1090:
1083:
838:Coptic Orthodoxy
552:Marshall Sahlins
394:Related articles
82:
63:
62:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2827:
2826:
2785:
2760:
2737:
2700:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2665:, 2.32 and 2.34
2656:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2599:
2592:Ab Urbe Condita
2588:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2291:Publius Crassus
2288:
2284:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2225:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2139:
2103:libri Sibyllini
2095:
2042:
2021:
1936:
1825:
1737:
1728:auguria publica
1709:augures publici
1692:
1662:Sibylline books
1619:
1517:
1489:
1487:Kingdom of Rome
1442:
1405:
1384:Regina sacrorum
1292:Fratres Arvales
1227:
1209:of ancient Rome
1208:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1164:
1113:classical Roman
1101:
1061:
1060:
853:Greek Orthodoxy
833:Catholic Church
649:
648:
637:
636:
597:
596:
587:
586:
562:Stanley Tambiah
517:Clifford Geertz
472:Joseph Campbell
457:Augustin Calmet
452:
451:
450:Major theorists
442:
441:
417:Myth and ritual
403:
396:
395:
386:
385:
291:
275:
274:
265:
264:
215:Sacred language
205:Rite of passage
130:Divine language
95:
94:
85:
49:
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2799:Chisholm, Hugh
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40:
33:
26:
22:
2837:Roman augurs
2819:
2808:
2790:
2772:
2765:
2747:
2726:
2711:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2653:
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2640:
2632:
2627:
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2595:, 1.18, 5.10
2590:
2585:
2577:
2572:
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2531:
2523:
2518:
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2456:
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2377:
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2364:
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2350:
2339:
2334:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2285:
2276:
2260:
2255:
2230:
2208:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2168:Ornithomancy
2158:Inauguration
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2096:
2093:Attus Navius
2082:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2033:ex tripudiis
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:legum dictio
1972:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1888:
1886:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1795:aves spicere
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1745:jus augurale
1744:
1742:
1738:
1727:
1725:
1717:inauguration
1712:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1657:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:Roman Empire
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1556:in 510
1547:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1518:
1501:Regal period
1498:
1490:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1447:
1333:Rex Sacrorum
1247:
1225:(AD 250â260)
1224:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1108:
1106:
1000:Conservative
868:Nestorianism
801:Christianity
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
547:Saba Mahmood
522:Robin Horton
507:James Frazer
477:Mary Douglas
409:
400:
297:Neo-Paganism
273:Case studies
240:Superstition
235:Soul dualism
145:Great Spirit
32:Ornithomancy
2323:search for
2148:Auguraculum
2115:avif aseria
2099:haruspicina
2077:renuntiatio
1897:woodpeckers
1837:impetrativa
1829:impetrativa
1631:ius augurum
1585:ius augurum
1473:ius augurii
1366:Priestesses
1207:Priesthoods
927:Vaishnavism
858:Lutheranism
813:Anglicanism
497:René Girard
376:Ghost Dance
255:Transtheism
225:Sacred site
185:Nympholepsy
2842:Divination
2831:Categories
2674:See Ovid,
2439:De Legibus
2404:Nat. Hist.
2174:References
2019:Precedence
2004:Si fas est
1905:ossifragae
1847:ex caelo (
1823:Categories
1777:The terms
1713:sacerdotes
1647:pax deorum
1643:Principate
1639:pax deorum
1627:ira deorum
1623:pax deorum
1594:pontifices
1581:auctoritas
1562:patricians
1527:, and the
1525:censorship
1521:consulship
1509:Principate
1450:haruspices
1278:sodalities
1243:Pontifices
1049:ĆvetÄmbara
685:Böö mörgöl
467:Talal Asad
371:Cargo cult
200:Polytheism
195:Pilgrimage
180:Monotheism
165:Liminality
155:Initiation
150:Henotheism
125:Divination
115:Communitas
2818:Wissowa,
2729:. Brill.
2708:North, J.
2704:Beard, M.
2663:Leg. Agr.
2648:, 2.72â73
2465:cite book
2380:, 2.72â73
2341:Pharsalia
2179:Citations
2071:tempestas
2056:repudiare
1944:auspicium
1853:lightning
1791:auspicium
1783:auspicium
1570:collegium
1549:collegium
1477:nuntiatio
1162:Etymology
1044:Digambara
986:YazdĂąnism
966:Quranists
946:Ahmadiyya
932:Ayyavazhi
863:Methodism
828:Calvinism
808:Adventism
789:Vajrayana
774:Theravada
764:Pure Land
646:Religions
319:Bobohizan
230:Shamanism
140:Fetishism
100:Afterlife
2791:Augurium
2789:article
2687:Cicero,
2661:, 1.25;
2657:Cicero,
2644:Cicero,
2554:, 7.8â10
2496:Cicero,
2459:. Paris.
2376:Cicero,
2365:Augustus
2321:post hoc
2137:See also
2029:ex caelo
2012:auspicia
1981:sinistra
1965:liberare
1841:oblativa
1835:). Both
1833:oblativa
1817:augurium
1801:augurium
1779:augurium
1689:auspices
1683:Augurs,
1635:Octavian
1611:de facto
1566:plebeian
1554:Republic
1287:Fetiales
1258:Flamines
1253:Vestales
1234:colleges
1197:a series
1194:Part of
1174:–
1144:religion
1025:Orthodox
1015:Haymanot
956:Mahdavia
922:Smartism
917:Shaktism
912:Shaivism
900:Hinduism
823:Baptists
759:Nichiren
754:Mahayana
747:Buddhism
735:Tengrism
610:Folklore
595:Journals
354:Slametan
314:Babaylan
309:Angakkuq
2820:Augures
2766:augures
2698:Sources
2635:, 2.374
2622:, 4.462
2576:Varro,
2550:Varro,
2483:Varro,
2389:Varro,
2295:Carrhae
2190:Beard,
2040:Evasion
1989:postica
1977:dextera
1954:templum
1940:spectio
1928:oscines
1920:oscines
1849:thunder
1749:auguria
1721:comitia
1696:auguria
1685:auguria
1654:Lepidus
1529:triumph
1499:In the
1462:fortuna
1320:Priests
1307:Luperci
1248:Augures
1152:fortuna
1133:templum
1129:templum
1127:). The
1125:templum
1056:Sikhism
1037:Jainism
1020:Karaite
1010:Hasidic
993:Judaism
888:Quakers
784:Tibetan
779:Tiantai
769:Shingon
705:KejawĂšn
631:Oceania
105:Animism
2756:
2733:
2718:
2691:, 1.17
2589:Livy,
2567:, 3.89
2526:, 3.89
2513:, 6.76
2500:, 2.76
2487:, 5.83
2402:Pliny
2393:, 5.53
2326:vitium
2310:, 2.4.
2243:
2143:Augury
2008:signum
1987:, and
1985:antica
1959:effari
1934:Ritual
1924:alites
1916:alites
1909:eagles
1907:, and
1893:ravens
1876:, and
1805:*auges
1726:Since
1687:, and
1673:Empire
1666:censor
1574:co-opt
1560:, the
1540:lituus
1523:, the
1464:, and
1232:Major
1222:Flamen
1200:on the
1154:, and
1117:augury
1067:Social
1030:Reform
1005:Haredi
976:Sufism
730:Shinto
720:Shindo
715:Noaidi
695:Hanitu
654:Ethnic
349:Pawang
344:JhÄkri
303:Ritual
210:Ritual
190:Oracle
110:Augury
57:lituus
2764:s.v.
2676:Fasti
2606:signa
2580:, 7.7
2406:18.14
2192:et al
2083:vitia
1870:horse
1701:sacra
1505:Sulla
1466:salus
1302:Titii
1297:Salii
1180:augeĆ
1176:Latin
1156:salus
1109:augur
981:Sunni
951:Ibadi
939:Islam
700:Hausa
675:Anito
334:Dukun
324:Bomoh
279:Magic
250:Totem
2754:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2716:ISBN
2471:link
2241:ISBN
2163:Omen
2031:and
1901:owls
1874:wolf
1839:and
1781:and
1769:The
1762:The
1755:The
1743:The
1707:The
1534:ludi
1493:Livy
1172:gerĆ
1170:and
1168:avis
1121:gods
1069:and
971:Shia
680:Atua
656:and
339:Miko
329:Bora
175:Mana
1968:).
1878:fox
1866:dog
1583:of
1458:pax
1148:pax
1107:An
794:Zen
23:or
2833::
2807:.
2706:,
2467:}}
2463:{{
2441:,
2428:".
2267:^
2237:40
2217:^
1983:,
1979:,
1962:,
1911:.
1903:,
1899:,
1895:,
1872:,
1868:,
1851:,
1751::
1723:.
1576:.
1558:BC
1543:.
1460:,
1452:.
1150:,
359:Wu
2768:.
2762:.
2739:.
2473:)
2445:.
2343:,
2297:.
2249:.
2113:(
1998::
1880:)
1855:)
1437:e
1430:t
1423:v
1096:e
1089:t
1082:v
48:.
41:.
34:.
27:.
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