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heterogeneous
Egyptian social scene. The clearly defined divisions, along religious lines, of the Syrian countryside did not operate in Egypt. During the period when she was married to her cousin, Hassan, and then later in 1941, when she remarried him and returned to Egypt, her musical career came to a standstill. When the marriage first broke up, she left for Egypt immediately, even before she had obtained the bill of divorce. With her return to Egypt and a singing career, she finally repudiated "respectability" by appearing onscreen (she had not appeared in "Layla Majun" but her voice is featured) leaving both her relatives and Syrian Druze society furious. When her first film,
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427:; Qasabgi comments however on the mature level of her sight reading and musicality by the time she performed his work, some years later. However, her brothers wanted her to marry and return to Syria. Her cousin, Hassan al-Atrash travelled to Egypt, bringing with him a different cousin interested in Asmahan, however, once Hassan, who had already married five times, saw Asmahan, he pursued her and she returned to Syria for at least four years, interrupting her musical career.
502:, Jerusalem where wild rumours attached to her behaviour and overspending. Her third and final marriage was to the Egyptian director Ahmed Salem, supposedly to facilitate her return to Egypt over impositions by government authorities. It is unclear how that would occur, however, and she had an ongoing studio contract in Egypt. Asmahan was close friends with the al Othman family and met with them when she travelled to Haifa, Palestine, when they helped her.
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440:. When asked to sing about cultural patriotism and love, she sang of Egypt." Since singers and studios depended on the elites, Asmahan had to sing songs on uplifting nationalist themes or in praise of the Egyptian royal family. At the beginning of her career she sang in the nightclub owned by Mary Mansour, Sala Masriyya.
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In 1941, she returned to Syria in a dramatic and secret journey under the auspices of the
British. Hassan agreed to meet with her, and used the occasion to successfully entreat her to remarry him. During the time they were married, she twice attempted suicide. Tabloid newspapers suggested that this
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Amal's vocal talent was discovered at an early age. Once, when her brother Farid received one of Egypt's most famous composers, Dawood Hosni, in their home, the latter overheard her singing in her room, and insisted on seeing her immediately. He then asked her to sing again. He was much impressed by
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Asmahan's older brother, Fuad, and other Druze relatives considered a career in entertainment for a girl to be disgraceful. For them, culturally, "Egypt was a planetary distance from the small villages of the Druze." and it was difficult for her relatives to accept
Asmahan's integration into the
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Asmahan's voice was powerful, but also agile. She generally sang in her chest register but could use her head register and sing in a very controlled tone. It is not incorrect to say that she was the first or one of the first Arabic singers to use the classical western technique, also very few
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These circumstances gave rise to many suspicions, rumours and conspiracy theories. British intelligence, for example, after many reports circulated claiming she had been working for them, was accused of having got rid of her after she had attempted to meet with German agents. The German
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but this might be exaggerted. Her brothers, Fuad and Farid, were no longer able to monitor her movements. Her brother was a noted gambler; she and her friends also partied, smoked, drank and gambled. She became very ill for a period, but recordings show that her voice did not suffer.
490:, she told him, "I stood with you for independence and liberation, I did. But, I was created for another purpose. I prefer the work of Farid, and the work of Umm Kulthum, and of art." She returned to Cairo and resumed her singing career, entering a short marriage to Egyptian director
615:(as one can hear in her rendition of "Ya Tuyur" where she reaches a high A with ease and brio). Asmahan's voice has been compared to Fairuz and Sabah. However, as she began her career more than two decades earlier, she had not in fact, adopted the Italian singing technique known as
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where the al-Atrash retain a large home, and then built their own home in
Suwayda. Asmahan gave birth to her daughter, Kamellia. Eventually, Asmahan missed her career and her life in Cairo; and in 1939, she and Hassan were divorced. In her final confrontation with her cousin at
688:. Catroux's délégué in Damascus, Colonel Collet, stated that the British gave money to Asmahan (and to other Druze men, in his presence) and sent her to the Jabal to secure the support of the Druze before the Allies' invasion. The same information is stated by
420:. She sang and recorded songs composed by Farid Ghosn, Dawood Hosni, Mohamed El Qasabgi, and Zakariyya Ahmad. At fourteen, Asmahan was invited by an Egyptian record company to make her first album, featuring her first song "Ya Nar Fouadi" by Farid Ghosn.
517:, who suggests that she was in love with him, but the tone of his writing indicates that he was in love with her, but did not respect her. He suggests she had affairs or at least an ongoing relationship with the royal chamberlain
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Since
Asmahan sang in Egypt, the lyrics of her songs were written in classical Arabic and in a more colloquial Arabic, but she also sang in the Eastern dialect of Arabic. Asmahan was said to have preciously replicated songs by
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in Turkey, but was stopped at the border and sent to
Lebanon. It was also possible that Asmahan needed money because her husband had cut off her expenses, so she may have tried to reach the Germans simply to obtain funds.
619:, but rather learned singing from many admirable models of her own period and in Egypt where a much more diverse group of singers performed, and at a time when Arabic singing utilized both nasal and chest resonance.
448:, was released in Syria, one young Druze shot at the screen when the character played by Asmahan appeared. Asmahan, bi-national or, in contemporary parlance, trans-national by then, had become "a sophisticated
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In 1933, Asmahan's cousin, Hassan al-Atrash, came to Cairo and proposed marriage, requesting that
Asmahan abandon her musical career. She agreed on three conditions: that they live in Damascus rather than
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and a private investor jointly produced a television series depicting the life (and death) of
Asmahan. The Arabic series debuted during the month of Ramadan in 2008. Asmahan was played by Syrian actress
391:(meaning "courgette") rather than trying to convince school officials that members of the wealthy al-Atrash family were destitute. 'Alia received a monthly stipend from a secret benefactor rumored to be
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through their territory, and to convince them they should not fight. The
British and Free French had promised the independence of Syria and Lebanon to all inhabitants on the date of the invasion. The
387:, sang at parties and made some recordings. Asmahan and her brothers attended a French Catholic school. In order to receive waivers for the high cost of tuition, 'Alia registered them under the alias
305:, and Asmahan was born on board. She was named "Amal", meaning "hope". She was also called "Emily", but always preferred the name "Amal". After the French came into power, the family returned to
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was also accused of murdering her for the help she had given the
British. Her husband at the time had fought violently with her, and her family's honour had been besmirched by the many rumours.
704:, Egypt. The car was a two-door model and the women were sitting in the backseat. They were presumed to be rendered unconscious and subsequently drowned. The driver, however, managed to escape.
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and, despite orders from Fahd, refused to return. Asmahan later recalled her childhood years in Jabal al-Druze as "untouched by anything truly bad". 'Alia and the three children travelled to
239:'s most distinguished singers of the 20th century. Her mysterious death in an automobile accident shocked the public. Journalists spread gossip about her turbulent personal life and an alleged
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Asmahan rose to fame quickly: she was not even fourteen (or seventeen, since her birth date is disputed) years old when she was introduced to the public at a concert at the prestigious
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Asmahan and her family first lived in an apartment in a humble section of Cairo. Her mother did laundry and sewing to support the family. She had an excellent voice, could play the
340:, and travelled from there to Egypt, where she sought political asylum for herself and her three children; they were later granted the right of political asylum in 1926 by the
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On 14 July 1944, a car carrying Asmahan and a female friend crashed and went into a canal at the side of the road, after the driver lost control near the city of
399:) according to one Egyptian journalist. This allowed her to cover the costs of her children's school's tuition, and a nicer apartment on Habib Shalabi Street.
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al-Atrash, Majid (2005), Asmahan: Amirat at-tarab was-saif wan-nada (Asmahan: The princess of music, war and grace) al-'Adyat magazine, p.75–77, in Arabic
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Also in 1941, Asmahan met Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egypt's most distinguished singer and composer, and starred with him in his operetta
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Asmahan told Mohamed al-Taba'i that she was to receive the sum of £40,000 from the British for her services to the allies. General
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visited Syria. When the Allies failed to carry out their promise for Syrian independence, Asmahan tried to contact the
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agreed, even though some groups did not receive word in time and fought the invading forces. After the Allies secured
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A variety of teachers advanced her vocal and musical studies. Hosni volunteered to instruct Asmahan on how to play the
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performers are able to alternate two different styles of interpretation and technique in one song (western and arab).
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was so that she could obtain a second divorce from Hassan; however, it seemed he actually agreed due to her visits to
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under the sponsorship of Saad Zaghloul. Many other Syrians and Lebanese were present in Egypt in this period.
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Asmahan was buried in Egypt in accordance with her wishes as, years later, were her two brothers, Fouad and
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Having immigrated to Egypt at the age of three years old from Syria, her family knew the composer
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the performance, and suggested the stage name of Asmahan to her. Amal began using that name.
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Asmahan was proud of her family background, and always mentioned her father and his cousin,
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were on corresponding terms. According to family accounts, 'Alia was permitted to enter
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Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music and the Visual Arts of the Middle East
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Baraka, Mohamed. Al-Ahram Newspaper Article. Issue No. 943, 16 - 22 April 2009.
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744:. On 25 November 2015, Google celebrated Asmahan's 103rd birthday using a
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Images of Enchantment: Visual and Performing Arts of the Middle East
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Prominent Egyptians - Egyptian Government State Information Service
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Asmahan's father supposedly served as governor of the district of
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920:(illustrated ed.), University of Texas Press, p. 72,
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clan, well known in Syria for its role in fighting against the
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Architecture for the Dead : Cairo's Medieval Necropolis
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Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
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1405:"Asmahan's Secrets: Art, Gender and Cultural Disputations"
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Baraka, Mohamed. Al-Ahram Weekly. Issue #933. 2009-02-05.
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The great Syrian revolt and the rise of Arab nationalism
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plain in Cairo, which she and brother Farid, along with
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1272:"The lost honor of Farid al-Atrash, Egyptian legend"
857:"Lebanese Army Journal, Issue Number 241, July 2005"
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835:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 57.
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1545:Kadi, Galila El; Bonnamy, Alain (1 January 2007).
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513:"). Abdel Wahab introduced her to the journalist,
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607:Asmahan's noted wide vocal range included
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1441:Syria's Quest for Independence, 1939-1945
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995:Interview with Fuad al-Atrash. Time 4:34.
587:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:, thus naturalized as Egyptian citizens.
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1684:Asmahan's Secrets: Woman, War, and Song
684:'s representative in Cairo was General
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1925:Singers who perform in Egyptian Arabic
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1706:, American University in Cairo Press,
1438:Bey, Salma Mardam (1 September 1997).
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452:to the young men in the Jabal Druze."
255:Asmahan was born to Fahd al-Atrash, a
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832:Historical Dictionary of the Druzes
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1551:. American Univ in Cairo Press.
807:"منزل الفنانة أسمهان بات متحفاً"
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1915:20th-century Syrian actresses
1905:Naturalized citizens of Egypt
1860:Road incident deaths in Egypt
1688:, University of Texas Press,
1340:Shoup, John A. (2011-10-31).
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1649:al-Taba'i, Muhammad (2008),
829:Samy Swayd (10 March 2015).
372:and her husband's relative,
360:'Alia chose to immigrate to
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1075:"University of Texas Press"
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567:the claims made and adding
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1622:"Asmahan's 103rd Birthday"
914:Provence, Michael (2005),
635:, Asmahan returned to the
266:, and 'Alia al-Mundhir, a
204:), was an Egyptian-Syrian
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1875:Egyptian film actresses
1702:Zuhur, Sherifa (2001),
1680:Zuhur, Sherifa (2000),
1658:Zuhur, Sherifa (1998),
1651:Asmahan Tells Her Story
1532:August 9, 2009, at the
637:French Mandate of Syria
1885:People from as-Suwayda
1653:, Dar al-Shorouk Press
1424:10.32380/alrj.v0i0.606
1300:July 25, 2009, at the
666:Syria-Lebanon Campaign
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314:Adham Khanjar incident
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519:Ahmed Pasha Hassanein
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764:Triumph of the Youth
627:Role in World War II
348:Immigration to Egypt
225:Mohammed Abdel Wahab
1870:Syrian Druze people
1219:. Cune Press, LLC.
511:Besotted with Layla
342:Egyptian Government
194:[ʔasmahaːn]
1855:Deaths by drowning
1850:People born at sea
1514:2010-09-12 at the
1381:, pp. 142–146
1330:, pp. 108–109
651:would be invading
649:Free French forces
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552:possibly contains
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217:Mohamed El Qasabgi
1824:978-0-292-79807-6
1815:Asmahan's Secrets
1695:978-0-292-79807-6
1049:, pp. 42, 44
1037:, pp. 41, 53
927:978-0-292-70680-4
842:978-1-4422-4617-1
771:Gharam wa Intiqam
759:Intisar al-Shabab
725:Abdel Halim Hafez
682:Charles de Gaulle
670:Charles de Gaulle
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446:Intisar al-Shabab
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83:(1944-07-14)
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1840:1912 births
1777:Film portal
1749:Asia portal
1631:25 November
752:Filmography
664:during the
366:nationalist
320:(a town in
270:Druze from
233:Umm Kulthum
155:آمال الأطرش
132:Formerly of
63:آمال الأطرش
1834:Categories
1601:"Homepage"
1497:Zuhur 2000
1444:. Ithaca.
1391:Zuhur 2000
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1281:2021-02-18
1259:Zuhur 2000
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891:Zuhur 2000
795:References
668:, General
561:improve it
484:Mena House
251:Early life
237:Arab world
55:Birth name
1417:: 41–44.
719:, in the
617:bel canto
609:contralto
577:July 2009
565:verifying
486:Hotel in
450:foreigner
338:Palestine
318:al-Qrayya
276:al-Atrash
241:espionage
127:1931–1944
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1530:Archived
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1410:Al-Raida
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810:Archived
783:See also
778:"), 1944
766:"), 1941
702:Mansoura
395:(of the
326:Damascus
268:Lebanese
243:role in
88:Mansoura
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1643:Sources
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1000:YouTube
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559:Please
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280:French
257:Syrian
206:singer
185:أسمهان
151:Arabic
112:Singer
98:Genres
28:أسمهان
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662:Syria
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1820:ISBN
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