358:), were all referred to as "Chino" meaning Chinese. In reality they were of diverse origins, including Japanese, Malays, Filipinos, Vietnamese, Javanese, Timorese, and people from modern day Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Makassar, Tidore, Terenate, and China. Filipinos made up most of their population. People from this diverse community of Asians in Mexico were called "los indios chinos" by the Spanish. Most of these slaves were male and were obtained from Portuguese slave traders who obtained them from Portuguese colonial possessions and outposts of the
134:
25:
2030:
1341:
366:, where owning a Chino slave was a sign of high status. 16th century records of three Japanese slaves, Gaspar Fernandes, Miguel and Ventura, who ended up in Mexico showed that they were purchased by Portuguese slave traders in Japan and brought to Manila from where they were shipped to Mexico by their owner Perez. Some of these Asian slaves were also brought to
337:
or
Japanese ancestry. However, according to the 2009 census, it was estimated that 5% (or 1.2 million) of the 29 million Peruvians in 2009 had Chinese roots and ancestry, while 160,000 Peruvians in 2015 had Japanese roots and ancestry. Today it is believed that the Asian population in Peru would be
516:
form a tiny minority in the country. The first immigrants from India to have arrived in Peru were businessmen who had gone there in the early 1960s. Later on, the community grew in number marginally until the early 1980s, after which many of its members left due to the severe local economic crises
968:
446:
prefectures. Many arrived as farmers or to work in the fields, but after their respective contracts were completed, settled in the cities. In the period before World War II, the
Japanese community in Peru was largely run by
525:
An estimated 10,000 Palestinians live in Peru alone, many of these families who arrived after the first Israel wars in 1948-49 had re-established and bettered themselves in Peru when it comes to socio-economic status.
1056:
980:
726:
2018:
896:
1041:
493:
1064:
2011:
370:, where it was recorded that in 1613 there was a small community of Asians made out of Chinese, Filipinos, Malays, Cambodians and others.
828:
1996:
899:[The mayor of the Chinese in the province of Colima during the seventeenth century: a system of representation around a trade]
2268:
1739:
1313:
2004:
1958:
89:
2263:
1244:
1198:
1126:
1092:
1010:
897:"El alcalde de los chinos en la provincia de Colima durante el siglo xvii: un sistema de representación en torno a un oficio"
872:
770:
617:
708:
585:
564:
543:
61:
1943:
979:(in Spanish) (1). Meeting of Mexicanists 2010 (Asian slavery in the viceroyalty of New Spain, 1565-1673): 2. Archived from
794:
1900:
1953:
838:
736:
648:
68:
1948:
1267:
1160:
108:
908:
1033:
42:
2383:
75:
2388:
2364:
804:
409:
46:
2230:
1306:
690:
57:
799:. Vol. 4 of Studien zur "Neuen Welt" (illustrated ed.). Königshausen & Neumann. p. 100.
400:
and the north central coast (Lambayeque and
Trujillo). In contrast to the Japanese community in Peru, the
2306:
2273:
2026:
1272:[Overseas Koreans - Latin America] (in Korean). Overseas Korean Foundation. 2005. Archived from
2046:
1933:
1923:
1565:
1868:
1299:
640:
634:
363:
35:
1764:
1863:
1483:
2034:
1236:
1184:
1150:
1116:
607:
384:
Historic communities inhabited by people of
Chinese descent are found throughout the Peruvian
2162:
1878:
1831:
1543:
1082:
998:
862:
760:
298:
82:
1981:
1803:
1744:
1717:
1662:
1611:
1601:
1553:
1432:
1412:
435:
362:, which included parts of India, Bengal, Malacca, Indonesia, Nagasaki in Japan, and Macau.
8:
2221:
1883:
1677:
1457:
1447:
439:
347:
138:
2301:
2243:
1637:
1606:
1452:
1442:
1402:
1361:
1231:
Adios to Tears: The
Memoirs of a Japanese-Peruvian Internee in U.S. Concentration Camps
471:
427:
421:
314:
234:
182:
1291:
2291:
2258:
2238:
1976:
1928:
1824:
1734:
1712:
1667:
1647:
1627:
1548:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1397:
1387:
1240:
1229:
1194:
1156:
1122:
1088:
1006:
942:
868:
834:
800:
766:
732:
644:
613:
467:
379:
310:
250:
218:
190:
664:
2253:
2248:
2157:
1890:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1769:
1749:
1702:
1652:
1632:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1462:
1382:
463:
443:
401:
210:
202:
2334:
2318:
2296:
2132:
2112:
1895:
1819:
1758:
1727:
1722:
1657:
1572:
1538:
1523:
1478:
1437:
1427:
1392:
1356:
926:
712:
706:
694:
513:
497:
483:
431:
359:
226:
1087:. Vol. II (1997 reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 21.
2339:
2311:
2207:
2192:
2177:
2137:
2081:
1851:
1798:
1707:
1642:
1560:
1366:
1327:
1078:
355:
322:
318:
2377:
2349:
2061:
1938:
1905:
1873:
1697:
1672:
1533:
1508:
946:
317:
descent. Around 36,000 constitute some 0.16% of Peru's population as per the
278:
1057:"Records show Japanese slaves crossed the Pacific to Mexico in 16th century"
830:
The Coolie Trade: The
Traffic in Chinese Laborers to Latin America 1847-1874
2071:
1323:
385:
2122:
1273:
2167:
2127:
489:
405:
270:
174:
2086:
927:"La Esclavitud Asiática en El Virreinato de La Nueva España, 1565-1673"
609:
Causes and
Consequences of Human Migration: An Evolutionary Perspective
389:
969:"Ideas centrales en torno a la esclavitud asiática en la Nueva España"
133:
2142:
459:), "were almost inevitably excluded from community decision-making."
404:
appear to have intermarried much more since they came to work in the
2182:
2172:
24:
2147:
2117:
2076:
929:[Asian Slavery in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, 1565-1673]
762:
Celebrating Latino
Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions
351:
262:
2344:
2197:
453:
immigrants born in Japan. "Those of the second generation", (the
397:
688:
2187:
2152:
2107:
2102:
2066:
1754:
286:
242:
1340:
1152:
Cultures in
Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium
2202:
455:
449:
393:
1217:
31:3, 437-452 (August–November 1951); 31:4, 648-664 (no. 4).
724:
331:
or
Chinese ancestry, while only 22,534 people self-reported
2038:
1213:
Irie, Toraji. "History of the Japanese Migration to Peru,"
367:
971:[Central ideas around Asian slavery in New Spain]
907:(in Spanish) (1). Ciesas Occidente: 95–116. Archived from
636:
China in Latin America: The Whats and Wherefores Hardcover
1193:] (in Spanish). Fondo Editorial PUCP. pp. 293–.
496:, Koreans in Peru formed Latin America's seventh-largest
1321:
1182:
895:
Machuca Chávez, Claudia Paulina (Autumn–Winter 2009).
364:
Spain received some of these Chino slaves from Mexico
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1228:
1034:"Japanese slaves taken to Mexico in 16th century"
826:
752:
632:
2375:
925:Oropeza Keresey, Déborah (July–September 2011).
412:slaves, during the abolition of slavery itself.
1118:The Affinity of the Eye: Writing Nikkei in Peru
1108:
924:
792:
593:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática
572:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática
551:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática
1003:The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean
894:
728:The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean
2012:
1307:
1220:
758:
725:Walton Look Lai; Chee Beng Tan, eds. (2010).
1121:. University of Arizona Press. p. 134.
1001:. In Walton Look Lai; Chee Beng Tan (eds.).
341:
1142:
1114:
1071:
867:. University of Toronto Press. p. 27.
854:
731:(illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 12.
2019:
2005:
1314:
1300:
1235:. University of Washington Press. p.
990:
408:during the Viceroyalty and to replace the
132:
1226:
1191:The Far East and Peru in the 16th century
1186:Extremo Oriente y el Perú en el siglo XVI
1176:
864:Class and Race Formation in North America
657:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
996:
606:Crawford, Michael H. (8 November 2012).
605:
16:Peruvians of Asian ancestry and heritage
1148:
1077:
967:Oropeza, Déborah (Autumn–Winter 2009).
966:
860:
2376:
1155:. Duke University Press. p. 200.
1084:The Cambridge History of Latin America
1054:
715:Peruvian Japanese NewsPaper PeruShimpo
500:community at 1,774 people as of 2005.
2000:
1295:
1260:
494:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1215:Hispanic American Historical Review.
669:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
462:The first Asian-Peruvian president,
169:Regions with significant populations
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
665:"Japan-Peru Relations (Basic Data)"
325:, only 14,223 people self-reported
13:
1044:from the original on 7 April 2014.
941:(1). El Colegio de México: 20–21.
309:, primarily referring to those of
14:
2400:
833:. Arnold J Meagher. p. 194.
426:Japanese immigrants arrived from
338:from 3 to 10% of the population.
2028:
1339:
23:
1207:
1183:Fernando Iwasaki Cauti (2005).
1048:
1026:
960:
918:
888:
820:
786:
586:"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico"
565:"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico"
544:"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico"
508:
503:
488:According to the statistics of
346:Asian slaves, shipped from the
34:needs additional citations for
2365:Category:Ethnic groups in Peru
1081:(1984). Leslie Bethell (ed.).
718:
700:
682:
626:
612:. Cambridge University Press.
599:
578:
557:
536:
520:
517:and the prevailing terrorism.
1:
1115:López-Calvo, Ignacio (2013).
793:Wolfgang Binder, ed. (1993).
759:Herrera-Sobek, María (2012).
997:Slack Jr, Edward R. (2010).
7:
1227:Higashide, Seiichi (2000).
1055:Torres, Ida (14 May 2013).
470:, prevailing over novelist
415:
388:, including cities such as
10:
2405:
861:Russell, James W. (2009).
827:Arnold J. Meagher (2008).
633:Robert Evan Ellis (2009).
481:
477:
419:
377:
373:
164:0.04% of Peru's population
2362:
2327:
2282:
2229:
2220:
2095:
2054:
2045:
1969:
1916:
1812:
1791:
1782:
1740:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriacs
1690:
1620:
1594:
1587:
1471:
1420:
1411:
1375:
1349:
1334:
342:East and Southeast Asians
297:
292:
261:
256:
201:
196:
173:
168:
162:(Chinese) ancestry (2017)
150:
145:
131:
1268:
765:. ABC-CLIO. p. 59.
697:Embassy of Peru in Japan
641:Lynne Rienner Publishers
529:
356:Manila-Acapulco galleons
796:Slavery in the Americas
2384:Asian diaspora in Peru
2035:Ancestry and ethnicity
1149:Hoerder, Dirk (2002).
999:"Signifying New Spain"
2389:Ethnic groups in Peru
1005:. BRILL. p. 13.
711:9 August 2022 at the
693:29 March 2023 at the
639:. Boulder, Colorado:
299:Asian Latin Americans
293:Related ethnic groups
154:self-reported having
43:improve this article
1901:Hispanic and Latino
1276:on 12 February 2006
1067:on 31 January 2016.
348:Spanish Philippines
323:2017 Census in Peru
319:2017 Census in Peru
128:
472:Mario Vargas Llosa
422:Japanese Peruvians
126:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2216:
2215:
2173:Matsés (Mayoruna)
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1778:
1777:
1686:
1685:
1583:
1582:
1566:Sri Lankan Tamils
1246:978-0-295-97914-4
1200:978-9972-42-671-1
1128:978-0-8165-9987-5
1094:978-0-521-24516-6
1061:Japan Daily Press
1012:978-90-04-18213-4
977:Historia Mexicana
935:Historia Mexicana
905:Letras Históricas
874:978-0-8020-9678-4
772:978-0-313-34339-1
619:978-1-107-01286-8
380:Chinese Peruvians
304:
303:
139:Chinatown of Lima
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Asian Peruvians"
2396:
2227:
2226:
2052:
2051:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1959:Southeast Asians
1789:
1788:
1592:
1591:
1418:
1417:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:. Archived from
1052:
1046:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
994:
988:
987:
986:on 7 April 2014.
985:
974:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
932:
922:
916:
915:
914:on 7 April 2014.
913:
902:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
722:
716:
704:
698:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
661:
655:
654:
630:
624:
623:
603:
597:
596:
590:
582:
576:
575:
569:
561:
555:
554:
548:
540:
464:Alberto Fujimori
430:; but also from
235:Indian languages
146:Total population
136:
129:
125:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2354:
2323:
2278:
2212:
2133:Canelos-Quichua
2091:
2041:
2029:
2027:
2025:
1995:
1986:
1965:
1912:
1808:
1784:
1774:
1682:
1616:
1579:
1467:
1407:
1371:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:Asian diasporas
1320:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1079:Bethell, Leslie
1076:
1072:
1053:
1049:
1040:. 14 May 2013.
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1013:
995:
991:
983:
972:
965:
961:
951:
949:
930:
923:
919:
911:
900:
893:
889:
879:
877:
875:
859:
855:
845:
843:
841:
825:
821:
811:
809:
807:
791:
787:
777:
775:
773:
757:
753:
743:
741:
739:
723:
719:
713:Wayback Machine
705:
701:
695:Wayback Machine
687:
683:
673:
671:
663:
662:
658:
651:
643:. p. 272.
631:
627:
620:
604:
600:
588:
584:
583:
579:
567:
563:
562:
558:
546:
542:
541:
537:
532:
523:
514:Indians in Peru
511:
506:
498:Korean diaspora
486:
484:Koreans in Peru
480:
468:elected in 1990
424:
418:
382:
376:
360:Estado da India
344:
307:Asian Peruvians
163:
141:
127:Asian Peruvians
124:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
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2342:
2337:
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2325:
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2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2222:Non-indigenous
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Shipibo-Conibo
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Quijos-Quichua
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Kichwa-Lamista
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Central Asians
1939:United Kingdom
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1879:Indo-Caribbean
1876:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
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1655:
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1630:
1624:
1622:
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1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1541:
1536:
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1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
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1475:
1473:
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1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
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1385:
1379:
1377:
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1369:
1364:
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1311:
1304:
1296:
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1259:
1245:
1219:
1206:
1199:
1175:
1161:
1141:
1127:
1107:
1093:
1070:
1047:
1025:
1011:
989:
959:
937:(in Spanish).
917:
887:
873:
853:
840:978-1436309431
839:
819:
805:
785:
771:
751:
738:978-9004182134
737:
717:
699:
681:
656:
650:978-1588266507
649:
625:
618:
598:
595:. p. 214.
577:
574:. p. 216.
556:
553:. p. 216.
534:
533:
531:
528:
522:
519:
510:
507:
505:
502:
482:Main article:
479:
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420:Main article:
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199:
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158:(Japanese) or
148:
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137:
122:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2401:
2390:
2387:
2385:
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2283:
1954:South Asians
1856:
1804:South Africa
1612:Singaporeans
1433:Bangladeshis
1280:27 September
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1269:재외동포현황 - 중남미
1262:
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1230:
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1166:. Retrieved
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1117:
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1098:. Retrieved
1083:
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1065:the original
1060:
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1038:asiaone news
1037:
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1016:. Retrieved
1002:
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981:the original
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863:
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509:South Asians
504:Other groups
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386:upper Amazon
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123:Ethnic group
120:
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72:
65:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2312:B'nai Moshe
2168:Machiguenga
1982:New Zealand
1949:East Asians
1745:Azerbaijani
1718:Palestinian
1663:Minangkabau
1602:Indonesians
1554:In the Gulf
1458:Sri Lankans
674:12 December
521:West Asians
490:South Korea
406:rice fields
271:Catholicism
183:La Libertad
99:August 2014
2378:Categories
2269:Portuguese
2047:Indigenous
1678:Vietnamese
1607:Malaysians
1453:Pakistanis
1443:Maldivians
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846:2 February
812:2 February
806:3884797131
744:2 February
390:Yurimaguas
191:Lambayeque
69:newspapers
2148:Huambisas
2143:Harakmbut
2123:Asháninka
2096:Amazonian
1977:Australia
1864:Caribbean
1837:Argentina
1785:residence
1668:Moluccans
1638:Filipinos
1621:Ethnicity
1588:Southeast
1549:Malayalis
1489:Gujaratis
1472:Ethnicity
1403:Taiwanese
1398:Ryukyuans
1335:By origin
1322:Overseas
947:0185-0172
436:Hiroshima
321:. In the
197:Languages
2302:Japanese
2244:Croatian
2231:European
2118:Amahuaca
2113:Aguaruna
2082:Quechuas
1891:Suriname
1847:Colombia
1825:Israelis
1813:Americas
1735:Armenian
1713:Lebanese
1653:Laotians
1648:Javanese
1628:Acehnese
1529:Saraikis
1519:Punjabis
1514:Pashtuns
1499:Kashmiri
1463:Tibetans
1388:Japanese
1042:Archived
709:Archived
691:Archived
440:Kanagawa
416:Japanese
352:Acapulco
315:Japanese
263:Buddhism
257:Religion
251:Filipino
219:Japanese
2345:Mestizo
2335:African
2292:Chinese
2274:Spanish
2259:Italian
2239:British
2208:Yanesha
2198:Urarina
2153:Jibitos
2138:Cashibo
2067:Huancas
1970:Oceania
1929:Germany
1884:Marabou
1869:Chinese
1799:Nigeria
1770:Turkish
1755:Israeli
1750:Iranian
1703:Emirati
1633:Burmese
1595:Country
1573:Telugus
1539:Sindhis
1504:Mirpuri
1448:Nepalis
1438:Indians
1428:Afghans
1421:Country
1393:Koreans
1383:Chinese
1350:Central
1337:in Asia
1252:11 July
1168:11 July
1134:11 July
1100:11 July
1018:11 July
952:10 July
880:11 July
778:11 July
478:Koreans
428:Okinawa
410:African
402:Chinese
398:Iquitos
374:Chinese
311:Chinese
211:Chinese
203:Spanish
83:scholar
2328:Others
2319:Korean
2297:Indian
2264:Polish
2254:German
2249:French
2188:Secoya
2183:Sápara
2158:Jíbaro
2108:Aguano
2103:Achuar
2062:Aymara
2055:Andean
1934:Sweden
1924:France
1917:Europe
1874:Dougla
1852:Mexico
1842:Brazil
1820:Canada
1792:Africa
1728:Yemeni
1723:Syrian
1658:Malays
1561:Tamils
1479:Baloch
1367:Uzbeks
1357:Kazakh
1324:Asians
1243:
1197:
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1091:
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837:
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769:
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647:
616:
466:, was
334:nikkei
287:Shinto
283:·
281:
275:·
273:
267:·
265:
247:·
245:
243:Arabic
239:·
237:
231:·
229:
227:Korean
223:·
221:
215:·
213:
207:·
205:
187:·
185:
179:·
177:
156:Nikkei
152:36,841
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2284:Asian
2203:Yagua
2077:Q'ero
2072:Maina
1765:Kurds
1708:Iraqi
1698:Arabs
1673:Thais
1643:Hmong
1534:Sikhs
1509:Mizos
1413:South
1189:[
984:(PDF)
973:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
912:(PDF)
901:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
568:(PDF)
547:(PDF)
530:Notes
456:Nisei
450:Issei
444:Osaka
394:Nauta
354:(see
328:tusán
285:
277:
269:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
209:
189:
181:
160:Tusán
90:JSTOR
76:books
2340:Arab
2307:Jews
2128:Bora
2087:Uros
2039:Peru
1906:Jews
1857:Peru
1759:Jews
1691:West
1524:Roma
1494:Odia
1376:East
1326:and
1282:2008
1254:2017
1241:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1170:2017
1157:ISBN
1136:2017
1123:ISBN
1102:2017
1089:ISBN
1020:2017
1007:ISBN
954:2017
943:ISSN
882:2017
869:ISBN
848:2014
835:ISBN
814:2014
801:ISBN
780:2017
767:ISBN
746:2014
733:ISBN
676:2017
645:ISBN
614:ISBN
442:and
432:Gifu
368:Lima
313:and
175:Lima
62:news
2037:in
1237:218
939:LXI
492:'s
350:to
45:by
2380::
1783:By
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438:,
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112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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