Arthur Blackburn - Knowledge

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went forward with some of his men, but another four were killed by machine gun fire. Another report to Robertson resulted in artillery support, and Blackburn was able to push forward another 30 yards (27 m) before being held up again, this time by German bombers. Under cover from friendly bombers, Blackburn and a sergeant crawled forward to reconnoitre, establishing that the Germans were holding a trench that ran at right angles to the one they were in. Blackburn then led his troops in the clearing of this trench, which was about 120 yards (110 m) long. During this fighting, four more men were killed, including the sergeant, but Blackburn and the remaining men were able to secure the trench and consolidate. Having captured the trench, Blackburn made another attempt to capture the strong point that was the source of the machine gun fire, but lost another five men. He, therefore, decided to hold the trench, which he did until 14:00, when he was relieved. By this time, forty of the seventy men that had been under his command during the day had been killed or wounded. Sometime that night, Blackburn took over command of D Company, but was relieved the following morning.

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reserves to fan out to the north and south of the main blocking position at Leuwiliang. The Japanese soon tried to cross the river about 270 yards (250 m) south of the bridge, but were met with a hail of fire and withdrew with heavy casualties. Over the next three days, the Japanese tried to outflank and encircle the Australian positions, mainly to the south, but Blackburn deployed his forces to the flanks to check them. On one occasion he withdrew one of his units slightly, drew a significant number of Japanese across the river into a killing ground and caused them serious casualties. Blackburn deployed his last reserves on the afternoon of 4 March, and was finally outflanked to the south that afternoon. He ordered his men to break contact and withdraw closer to Buitenzorg. For the loss of around 100 casualties, Blackforce had held up a

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persuade Blackburn and others to participate in propaganda radio broadcasts, but Blackburn gave orders against it and refused to do so himself. In June, the Japanese ordered all prisoners to sign a form stating that they would comply with all orders and would not resist their captors. Blackburn only signed after appending "except where contrary to my oath of allegiance to His Majesty the King". When another form was produced, requiring an oath to be sworn, Blackburn refused. Privileges were withdrawn, dozens of officers and men were beaten, and Blackburn was placed in solitary confinement. In the end, when the Americans decided to sign, Blackburn agreed in the interests of unity and ordered all the troops to sign. By the end of July, Blackburn was conscious that he had lost about 2

1863:, about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Buitenzorg. Blackburn was then given orders to deploy Blackforce into the Bandung perimeter as a mobile reserve. It soon became clear that the Dutch were about to capitulate, and the Commonwealth commanders decided to leave the Dutch and make a stand south of Bandung. Poorten surrendered Java on 8 March, but Blackburn was reluctant to do so, and sought medical advice on the idea of continuing resistance in the hills. He was advised against this course of action due to the likelihood of many soldiers becoming sick with tropical and other diseases, and surrendered his force on 11 March. During the fighting on Java, 36 Australians were killed and 60 were wounded. In his last order to his commanders Blackburn wrote: 1121: 1496: 1719: 1890: 1881:

they would have to march the 150 miles (240 km) at a rate of 19 miles (30 km) a day, camping beside the road without shelter during the wet season. Many of the troops already had dysentery and/or malaria, and some were unaccustomed to marching long distances. Blackburn wrote a letter, signed by other Allied commanders, protesting this order. The letter said that men would die if the order was carried out, and that he would hold the Japanese responsible for their deaths. The Japanese rescinded the order and the troops travelled by train, leaving on 13 April. Many of the 2/3rd were sent to another camp.

2208:, Japan. Despite his willing involvement, he believed that the trials targeted mainly those who physically participated in crimes, rather than those that ordered them. In December, he was again elected as state president of the renamed Returned Sailors' Soldiers' and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA), supported by McCann, who was elected as a vice-president. He continued to advocate on behalf of veterans, and took a special interest in the surviving men of the 2/3rd. On 11 January 1947, Blackburn was transferred back to the Reserve of Officers List, retaining the honorary rank of brigadier. 1843:

Dutch blew up the 260-foot (80 m) bridge over the Tjianten River at Leuwiliang early on 2 March, severely restricting Blackburn's freedom of manoeuvre against the southern force. He was then ordered by Schilling to move most of his force approximately 100 miles (160 km) east to counter-attack against the regimental-sized force that had landed at Eretanwetan and was advancing south towards Bandung. This order was withdrawn after Blackburn opposed it on the grounds that the Japanese position was not known, the attack would be ill-prepared, and his efforts would be better spent preparing a

2078:. The party all signed the usual form promising not to escape, having long ago decided they were worthless and resistance was futile. Despite the cold and bleak surroundings, the conditions were in some respects better than in previous camps. Blackburn stopped keeping a diary soon after arrival, as he had run out of ledger paper and was in deep depression. Due to the cold, there were few activities, and most of the prisoners refused to volunteer to work growing vegetables as they did not trust the Japanese to give them a fair share of the produce. In May 1945, the party was transferred to the 1213: 1519:, Blackburn's men, less D Company, were scattered over a wide area of the central front supporting the infantry. Blackburn continued to visit his detachments, often displaying a disdainful attitude to incoming artillery fire which amazed his men. With the Vichy French stymied in the centre and the Allies unable to press forward from Damascus, the overall commander, now-Lieutenant General Lavarack, decided to put his main effort into the coastal push towards Beirut. D Company of the 2/3rd, split up among the various infantry battalions pushing up the coast road, fought at 2097: 2128:, Australia, arriving on 13 September. On the same day he was flown to Melbourne with a short stop in Adelaide, as he was required to report to Army Headquarters and deliver official documents he had kept during his internment. His family travelled by train to Melbourne to meet him. They met at the railway station, and were shocked at his appearance. At this point, Blackburn only weighed 6 stone 4 pounds (40 kg) (88 pounds). After a week in Melbourne, the family returned to Adelaide, and Blackburn was hospitalised for two weeks. 1197:. In accordance with normal procedures, while serving in the AIF, Blackburn had been appointed an honorary lieutenant in the CMF on 20 February 1916 on the Reserve of Officers List. This appointment was made substantive on 1 October 1920, still on the Reserve of Officers List. Continuing to practise law while a member of Parliament made for a heavy workload, and Blackburn did not seek re-election in 1921. In the same year he relinquished his role as state president of RSSILA, but he continued to be a fierce advocate for returned soldiers. 1981: 1017: 1807: 1447: 1735:

Reserve Motor Transport Company, 2/2nd Casualty Clearing Station, about 165 stragglers and 73 reinforcements. About half of the troops were support rather than combat troops. Blackburn organised his soldiers into three infantry battalions, based on the machine gunners, pioneers and engineers respectively, created a headquarters, and formed a supporting transport and supply unit from the 2/3rd Reserve Motor Transport Company. Blackforce was instructed to fight alongside local Dutch forces under the overall command of the Dutch

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subjected him to sleep deprivation. Two days later he signed the oath and was released into the main camp. The Karenko Camp held 400 men, including the most senior Allied officers the Japanese had captured, many of them generals. Food was scarce, everyone was required to work, and seven weeks after arriving, Blackburn's weight was down to 7 stone 3 pounds (46 kg; 101 lb) (101 pounds), 2 stone (28 lb; 13 kg) (28 pounds) lighter than he had been when he had enlisted in 1914.

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2,000 Australians, 200 British, 200 Americans, 100 Indians and 100 Dutch, all packed into a former Dutch barracks designed for 1,000. During his first month at the camp, Blackburn began a diary using an old ledger, which he maintained for much of his internment against the explicit orders of the Japanese. At one point he removed the covers from the ledger and hid the pages inside the lining of his raincoat. The food rations at the Bicycle Camp were poor, and because Japan was not a party to the

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finally received confirmation he was alive, having heard nothing since his capture. In early June, he and 89 other POWs were returned to Karenko, but this stay was brief, as they were soon transported to another camp in Shirakawa in central Formosa, arriving there on 8 June. The food was again poor, malaria was rife, and the POWs were again required to work. By late August, Blackburn had lost a total of 4 stone 6 pounds (28 kg) (61 pounds) since his capture in March 1942.

1407:, which Blackburn understood to have surrendered to the Vichy French. Blackburn baulked at this further splitting of his force, but when the order was confirmed by higher headquarters, early on 16 June he sent the scratch force of around 200 men north. The force took up positions on a ridge overlooking the town, but soon gathered intelligence that 1,500 Vichy French were holding the town, supported by numerous tanks and armoured cars. Blackburn, very concerned about his 1476:

counter-attack from the east. About 11:00 a Vichy French column emerged from Damascus led by a car bearing a white flag. After some discussions, Blackburn accompanied the Vichy French and Free French back into the city, where Blackburn, as the senior Allied commander present, accepted the surrender. Meanwhile, the Vichy French thrust towards Metulla had not reached A Company, and on 16 June the company was ordered forward into support positions for an

1532:(POW). He seconded several officers from the 2/3rd to help him, and travelled widely around Syria, and even managed a brief crossing into Turkey. He became involved in trying to arbitrate in the fractious relationship between the captured Vichy French and the Free French who wanted to recruit them, but the Free French were largely unsuccessful in this endeavour, with only 5,700 of the remaining fit 28,000 Vichy soldiers joining their cause. 2050:

had not received a single letter from his family. They had been writing regularly, but the letters failed to get through. His health was poor, with multiple ailments and severe headaches. It was not until 29 March that he received a letter, dated 30 September 1942. In mid-1944, he received ten letters at once, and discovered that his son Robert had been married. In late September, Blackburn and the other senior officers were transported to

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Knoll", part of "Third (or Gun) Ridge", but Blackburn and Robin, who were sent ahead as scouts, got beyond it. Robin was killed in action three days after the landing. Later in life, Blackburn was modest and retiring about his and Robin's achievement, stating that it was "an absolute mystery" how they had survived, given the range at which they were being shot at and the men who were shot around them.

2155:'Blackforce', which he commanded, was very hastily organised and equipped. It included English, both RAF and Army, and Australian units and personnel. Some, who had left Singapore under very dubious circumstances, were of doubtful quality. Thanks to Brigadier Blackburn's excellent leadership and personal example the little force fought splendidly. Discipline and morale remained high throughout. 1988: 1586: 1443:, who directed him to assist the "weary and disheartened" Free French forward to Damascus. To achieve this task, his force was trimmed to a reinforced company of the 2/3rd and five anti-tank guns, totalling around 400 men. Blackburn arrived at Free French headquarters on 20 June, where he was told that their attack had faltered about 9.3 miles (15 km) south of Damascus. 2237:. He also served on the Television Broadcaster's Board, overseeing the introduction of that medium into South Australia, and was a trustee of the Civilian Internees Trust Fund and Prisoners of War Trust Fund. For his "exceptionally fine honorary service as chairman of several trusts, especially for the benefit of ex-servicemen and their dependants", he was appointed a 1178:(RSSILA), which had succeeded the RSA, held its annual congress in Adelaide. Among the motions that Blackburn moved was one calling on the federal government to ensure that a suitable headstone was erected over the grave of every sailor and soldier killed during the war. He also railed against delays in the deferred pay of dead soldiers being paid to their widows. 1933:. The Japanese commandant was replaced with a stricter man, and the guards were replaced with Koreans, who quickly earned a reputation for cruelty. Beatings were conducted for minor infractions, such as failing to stand to attention quickly enough. In early October, 1,500 POWs left the camp, including almost all of the 2/2nd Pioneers, destined for the 1332: 1942:

Bicycle Camp to continue his internment elsewhere. The unit historian of the 2/2nd Pioneers later wrote of Blackburn's time at the Bicycle Camp, "His quiet dignity, masking an unquenchable spirit of protest against Japanese injustices, earned him the admiration of the officers and men who shared with him the humiliation of captivity".

1304:. It concentrated in Adelaide on 31 October, after which Blackburn moulded the separately raised companies into one organisation. Multi-day route marches featured strongly in their training; Blackburn invariably marched at the front of his battalion. After undergoing training, the battalion entrained for Sydney where it embarked on 1400:. Blackburn then led A Company on another 19-mile (30 km) drive before returning to check on the dispositions of his remaining troops at the bridge, near which he established his headquarters. Also on the 15th, D Company was detached from the battalion to support the coastal advance, and remained so throughout the campaign. 1782:

various airfields, where its members established defensive positions. Blackburn set up his headquarters in Batavia. On 23 February, Blackburn went to Schilling and asked that he be permitted to concentrate his force for training, but this was refused. The following day, Blackburn was summoned to General Sir

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3,400. Blackburn, as senior officer on board, was appointed as the commander of the embarked troops, and ensured that the soldiers were kept busy with air raid and lifeboat drills, physical training and lectures. On 10 February, the ship departed Colombo, escorted by British, and later, Australian warships.

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service. In this role, he was criticised for refusing to offer public explanations for his decisions not to hold inquests; it was criticism he ignored. The ALP attacked Blackburn's decision-making as coroner, according to Faulkner, this was probably influenced by his involvement with the ESMV in 1928

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This was followed by an additional period in hospital in June and July. Blackburn's Second AIF appointment was terminated on 18 July, at which time he relinquished his temporary rank of brigadier and was transferred to the Reserve of Officers List. He was also granted the honorary rank of brigadier.

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on the outskirts of Mukden. Blackburn considered this camp the best of all those he had been held in during the war, with showers and hot baths, although the latrines were always overflowing and the food was poor. Blackburn had received no letters since arriving in Manchuria, and this contributed to

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Blackburn was beaten several times while held at Karenko Camp, as were other senior officers, often for the most minor of supposed infractions. Blackburn's closest friends were Sitwell and Searle. On 2 April, all prisoners above the rank of colonel were sent to a new camp at Tamasata, about 62 miles

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Until the end of March, Blackforce was held in towns, including in the Leles market square which had been surrounded by barbed wire. It was then split up, with troops dispersed to different camps. Blackburn was initially told that a significant number of his troops would be sent to Batavia, and that

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field guns arrived. In a further effort to draw out the Vichy French, Blackburn personally drove his staff car forward and round in circles in an exposed position, but again the Vichy French did not take the bait. Late in the day, a battalion of British infantry arrived and, under covering fire from

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that threatened to derail the campaign. This involved a blacked-out night-time drive of 28 miles (45 km) at relatively high speed over rough and treacherous roads to the bridge; Blackburn drove in advance of his force. On arrival, he was ordered to detach one of his companies north to block the

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Blackburn, along with a group of four men, crawled forward to establish the source of the German machine gun fire, but all four of the men were killed, so he returned to his detachment. He went back to Robertson, who arranged support from trench mortars. Under the cover of this fire, Blackburn again

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in A Company. Blackburn served at the front for the rest of the campaign, until the 10th Battalion was withdrawn to Lemnos in November, and subsequently back to Egypt. The battalion suffered over 700 casualties during the campaign, including 207 dead. The unit underwent re-organisation in Egypt, and

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Blackburn's eyesight, which had been deteriorating for some time, became so bad that he could not read for more than half an hour. This contributed to his depression, which again took hold, accompanied by recurring nightmares. By early 1944, Blackburn had been in captivity for nearly two years, but

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were the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, engineers of the 2/6th Field Company, elements of the 2/2nd Anti-Aircraft Regiment and 2/1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, the 105th General Transport Company, 2/2nd Casualty Clearing Station, and sundry others. The ship, rated for 2,000 passengers, was loaded with

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system for industrial employees. He advocated several radical ideas in his time as a parliamentarian, including removing all single men from the state public service so they would be free to enlist. He was also criticised in Parliament for not paying due attention to important legislation regarding

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Blackburn returned to legal practice in early 1917, becoming a principal lawyer for the firm of Fenn and Hardy. In May 1917, Blackburn was elected as one of five vice-presidents of the Returned Soldiers' Association (RSA) in South Australia, which was led by the first commanding officer of the 10th

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Philip Robin, probably made it further inland on the day of the landing than any other Australian soldiers whose movements are known, some 1,800–2,000 yards (1,600–1,800 m). The 3rd Brigade covering force fell well short of its ultimate objective, the crest of a feature later known as "Scrubby

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food parcels in April, Blackburn put on almost 11 pounds (5 kg) (11 pounds). The reduced work routine compared to Karenko contributed to this. Boredom and depression dogged Blackburn during this period, and the lack of letters from home exacerbated both. Also in April, Blackburn's family

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to capture Buitenzorg. Initially Blackburn planned a counter-attack against the southern advance for 2 March with the Dutch to hold the Japanese at Djasinga, but this was cancelled when the Dutch withdrew to the Bandung area, 50 miles (80 km) east of Leuwiliang. As part of the withdrawal, the

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and appointed to command all 3,000 Australian troops on Java, collectively known as "Blackforce". Blackforce consisted of the 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion, the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, 2/6th Field Company (engineers), a platoon of over-age headquarters guards, 105th General Transport Company, 2/3rd

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to the west of Damascus. The planned Free French attack was scheduled to go forward at 17:00, but they did not move. Blackburn again drove forward, but the Free French again refused to budge. To get the attack moving, Blackburn ordered one platoon of machine gunners forward to a trench about 1,100

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For most conspicuous bravery. He was directed with fifty men to drive the enemy from a strong point. By dogged determination he eventually captured their trench after personally leading four separate parties of bombers against it, many of whom became casualties. In the face of fierce opposition he

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out of a section of trench. Blackburn, finding that A Company had suffered heavy casualties, immediately led his men in rushing a barricade across the trench. Breaking it down, and using bombs, they pushed the Germans back. Beyond this point, preceding artillery bombardments had almost obliterated

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personnel from a camp in Bandung. By this stage, every couple of days a POW was dying in the camp, mainly due to dysentery. By Christmas, conditions had improved somewhat and Blackburn was able to gather enough funds to purchase food for a Christmas dinner. On 28 December he was driven out of the

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defence at Leuwiliang. Sitwell supported Blackburn. Now able to consolidate a position against the southern force, Blackburn disposed two companies of his strongest fighting unit, the 2/2nd Pioneers, in depth along the road just east of Leuwiliang, and kept the remainder of Blackforce in reserve,

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In January 1920, Blackburn was re-elected as state president of the RSSILA, although this was the first time he was opposed for the post, and he only won narrowly. By this time he had built the state branch of the organisation to 17,000 members. During that year, he hosted visits by two notables;

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campaign, advocating in favour of conscription. As RSA president, he was involved in advocating for returned soldiers, and navigated a contentious period in the organisation's history. He also led the fundraising for a soldiers' memorial to be built in Adelaide. In January 1918, he was re-elected

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Blackburn arrived at the so-called "Bicycle Camp" in Batavia on 14 April. Sitwell and other more senior officers were sequestered in a fenced-off part of the camp, so Blackburn became the senior officer, with an American colonel, Albert Searle, as his deputy. The camp contained about 2,600 POWs:

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and light armoured vehicles were available. Blackburn's Dutch commanders directed him to disperse his force to protect five airfields from paratroop drops, orders which Blackburn only grudgingly obeyed, as he was concerned about splitting Blackforce. On 20 February, it divided itself between the

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The 10th Battalion was relieved from its positions at Pozières in the late evening of 25 July, having suffered 327 casualties in three days. Blackburn was temporarily promoted to the rank of captain on 1 August, due to the heavy losses. The battalion spent the next three weeks in rest areas, but

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About 12:00 on 2 March, five Japanese light tanks arrived at the destroyed bridge and were promptly engaged by the pioneers. Two tanks were quickly disabled and the remainder withdrew. Blackburn, realising that the Japanese would begin to probe his defences and try to outflank them, ordered his

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In the meantime, the 2/3rd Infantry Battalion had captured Vichy French positions to the west of Damascus and cut the road to Beirut. In the morning of 21 June, the Free French began to advance; Blackburn's machine gunners supported them and protected their right flank in case of a Vichy French

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elements among the population. Another division and additional regiment landed 160 miles (250 km) further east along the Java coast. The Japanese forces that landed on Java numbered 25,000. Arrayed against them was a Dutch force of the same strength with a ratio of one Dutch to 40 locally

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Blackburn participated in heavy fighting at the landing; by 30 April, the 10th Battalion had suffered 466 killed and wounded. He was soon promoted to lance corporal, and was placed in charge of the unit post office for one month shortly after his promotion. He was involved in subsequent trench

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Camp, the party were paraded before the commandant and ordered to make an oath that they would not try to escape. Blackburn said that he would only sign under protest and duress, and asked what the penalty was for not signing. He was beaten and placed in solitary confinement, and the Japanese

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Blackburn arranged activities to alleviate the boredom and consistently stood up to the Japanese. He was interrogated and was struck by a guard on at least one occasion, but was spared any torture. More junior officers were subjected to torture, beatings and other abuse. The Japanese tried to

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of the CMF. In the same year, along with McCann, he formed the legal firm Blackburn and McCann, continuing the association they had during the fighting at Pozières. On 21 February 1927, Blackburn was promoted to captain, still serving with the 43rd Battalion. In early 1928, Blackburn became a

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candidate, and on 6 April he was elected first of the three with 19.2 per cent of the vote. As a parliamentarian, Blackburn's speeches were generally about issues affecting those still serving overseas, as well as returned soldiers. A notable exception was his successful motion in favour of a

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raised for service overseas during World War II. He was one of only three Australian World War I VC recipients to volunteer for overseas service in World War II. Eleven of the officers selected by Blackburn for his new unit were former officers of the 18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment,

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Free French troops then came forward to the Australian-held trench. Blackburn then ordered the rest of his men forward. This process, of the Australian machine gunners advancing and the Free French following, was repeated by Blackburn until the forward troops had advanced a total of 3 miles

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Hardy. During Blackburn's term as his articled clerk, on one occasion Hardy was assaulted by two men on the street, and despite his slight build, Blackburn intervened and chased them away. In 1911, compulsory military training had been introduced, and Arthur had joined the

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with tins and other objects. Blackburn sent a party of pioneers ashore to round them up. He gave them the choice of either joining his force or being charged with desertion. Many joined, but their commitment to the force was questionable. The majority of the troops aboard

1411:, decided to go forward to the ridge himself to check on dispositions. In the meantime, the company commander in that location tried to coax the Vichy French tanks to within range of his anti-tank guns, to no avail. Prior to Blackburn's arrival, a British battery of 2087:

tank drove through the camp fence and they were liberated. Searching the offices afterwards, the POWs found thousands of letters and three months' worth of Red Cross food packages. Within days of liberation, Blackburn was on an aircraft, returning to Australia.

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troops on opposite sides, the campaign was politically sensitive and as a result of heavy censorship not widely reported in Australia at the time; the nature of the fighting, where it was reported, was also played down as the Vichy forces outnumbered the

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Blackburn was the first member of the 10th Battalion and first South Australian to be awarded the VC, and his VC was earned in the costliest battle in Australian history. He was discharged from hospital on 30 September, and attended an investiture at

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on women's affairs. Blackburn was discharged from the AIF on medical grounds on 10 April 1917, as he was classified as too ill to return to the fighting. He was awarded an invalid soldier's pension. In addition to his VC, Blackburn also received the

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expressed "grave alarm" at his appointment. He was also chairman of trustees for the Services Canteen Trust Fund from 1947 until his death. Blackburn was re-elected as president of RSSAILA in 1948. On 8 June 1949, Blackburn was appointed as the

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objected that naming the tunnel after a specific veteran was inappropriate, saying it should be named after a major World War I battleground, in line with the highway's theme. On completion, the tunnel was named the Gallipoli Underpass.

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until 1955 and in that year was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his services to the community. He died in 1960 and was buried with full military honours in the Australian Imperial Force section of the

1818:, on the road between Batavia and Bandung. Blackforce was to be kept as a mobile reserve to strike the Japanese once they landed, with the Dutch conducting delaying actions. On the following night, the Japanese landed a division in the 1679:, as the Japanese were only 11 miles (18 km) away from Oosthaven. They were transported back to the ship in the dark, and they weighed anchor in the early hours of the following day. While they had been on their abortive mission, 1292:

including the battalion second-in-command, Major Sid Reed, who was to prove valuable in moderating Blackburn's temper at times. The unit was raised in four different states; headquarters and A Company in South Australia, B Company in

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at the time. Describing his actions in a letter to a friend, the normally retiring Blackburn said it was, "the biggest bastard of a job I have ever struck". In recommending him for the VC, his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel

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On 11 October 1946, Blackburn was again appointed to active duty from the Reserve of Officers List, and was again temporarily promoted to brigadier while he was attached to 2nd Australian War Crimes Section as a witness before the

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and Outer Harbor. Initially called the "Essential Services Maintenance Volunteers" (ESMV) then the "Citizen's Defence Brigade", the men of this organisation, armed with government-issued rifles and bayonets, were deployed by the

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where he met with Wavell. He was directed to use his force in offensive operations against the Japanese. On 25 February, Sitwell and Schilling permitted Blackforce to be concentrated for this purpose, and Sitwell attached a

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on 19–23 August, incurring another 335 casualties from the 620 that were committed to the fighting. Following this battle, the 10th Battalion went into rest camp in Belgium, and on 8 September, Blackburn reported sick with

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the machine gunners, attacked and captured the town; the 25-pounders knocked out three Vichy French armoured cars. Blackburn's advance force had made a significant contribution to stopping the Vichy French counter-stroke.

2143:. On the Sunday after his return, 62 former members of the 2/3rd who had not been offloaded in Java marched up his street and stood to attention. They too were shocked at his appearance. On 9 May 1946, he was awarded the 2033:(100 km) south of Karenko. Searle was left behind, and Sitwell was allocated to a different barracks from Blackburn. He found some of his fellow POWs difficult to get on with, particularly the Australian Brigadiers 1856:-sized Japanese force for three days and killed around 500 Japanese and wounded another 500. The Japanese later stated that they believed that Blackforce was of divisional strength, despite it being only a weak brigade. 1523:

in early July, before the Vichy French requested an armistice in mid-July. The battalion suffered 43 casualties during the campaign; nine dead and 34 wounded. At the end of July, Blackburn left the battalion to join the

2229:(AUR), and he was transferred to the Retired List in January 1950 with the honorary rank of brigadier. In September of the same year he relinquished his role as state president of RSSAILA. In 1953, he was awarded the 1670:

dropped anchor about 1.9 miles (3 km) offshore. Despite receiving a report that the Japanese were already at Palembang, Blackburn was ordered to disembark his force, and they were ferried ashore by a small Dutch

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remained on the ship throughout the rest of the day and all of the next. On 19 February, Blackburn received orders to disembark about 2,000 men, and after several false starts, they went ashore in the early evening.

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captured 250 yards of trench. Then, after crawling forward with a Serjeant to reconnoitre, he returned, attacked and seized another 120 yards of trench, establishing communication with the battalion on his left.

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Blackburn was unable to return to private legal practice due to his health, relinquished his role as city coroner in 1947, and was appointed as one of the fifteen inaugural conciliation commissioners of the

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Lock gives their date of marriage as 16 March 1917, but this is contradicted by R. A. Blackburn, Faulkner and South Australian Births, Deaths and Marriages data, which state they were married on 22 March.

510:. It was during this battle that Blackburn's actions resulted in a recommendation for his award of the VC. Commanding 50 men, he led four separate sorties to drive the Germans from a strong point using 2216:, a position he held until 1955. Given his political history and involvement with the suppression of dockside workers by the "Citizen's Defence Brigade" in 1928, the South Australian convention of the 1867:

You are to take the first opportunity of telling your men that this surrender is not my choice or that of General Sitwell. We were all placed under the command of the Commander in Chief NEI and he

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In the aftermath of the campaign, the 2/3rd stayed on as part of the Allied occupation force established in Syria and Lebanon to defend against a possible drive south by Axis forces through the

5421: 1263:, who ran several editorials criticising Blackburn. In his role, Blackburn often dealt with deaths of returned soldiers, and murders committed by them. On 6 May 1935, Blackburn was awarded the 2016:

on 19 January. After a short stay in a camp that held American and Indian POWs, the party of senior officers left Japan by ship on 25 January, and four days later disembarked in southwestern

1597:'s entry into the war, the 2/3rd left Fih and travelled south into Palestine. On 1 February, the battalion, less one company and with no machine guns or vehicles, left the Middle East on 1830:

The Japanese advance from Merak progressed swiftly, covering 37 miles (60 km) by noon on 1 March, with the Dutch putting up little resistance. The Japanese force quickly captured

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with the 2/2nd Pioneers. Blackburn's stay ended on 10 January, but not before Dunlop had given him a list of men who he recommended should be promoted or receive awards after the war.

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The first day objective of the 10th Battalion on "Gun Ridge" for the landing at Anzac Cove. The green dotted line shows the actual extent of the lodgement at the end of the first day.

1241:

to intervene in the dispute between union and non-union labour on the docks. There was no fighting between the force and the strikers, and the dispute was resolved by early October.

5416: 1419:

Blackburn's area of responsibility was briefly expanded to include all the routes east of the Jordan as far as Quneitra. To cover this he was allocated squadrons of light tanks and

1628:, about 190 miles (300 km) north of the port. These men were to be known as "Boostforce". This was in accordance with a plan that involved the 6th and 7th Divisions defending 5436: 1163:(ALP). According to his biographer Andrew Faulkner, his time in Parliament showed Blackburn to be a man of few words, but his words were chosen well and delivered with authority. 1773:

as his maxims for Blackforce. Blackforce was able to re-equip itself to a significant extent from the Tanjung Priok wharves, where it obtained hundreds of Bren machine guns and

1275:. On 1 July 1939, a few months before the outbreak of World War II, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed to command the 18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment. 5255: 4861: 1769:

Based on lessons learnt from the fighting in Malaya and Singapore that highlighted the futility of static defence, Blackburn adopted mobility, counter-flanking movements and

2233:. He relinquished his honorary colonel role with AUR in January 1955. In 1955, he was appointed as a member of the Australian National Airlines Commission and a director of 5451: 1368:

in Syria. Blackburn initially divided his time between divisional headquarters in Palestine and the front, while three companies of the 2/3rd, along with a battery of

5301: 4535: 851: 951:, that more help was needed. About 05:30, a detachment of 50 men based on 16 Platoon, D Company, 10th Battalion, was then sent forward under Blackburn to drive the 2264:. Many members of the public and hundreds of former members of the 10th Battalion and 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion lined the 1.9-mile (3 km) route between 1929:

on 1 September 1942, but retained his temporary rank of brigadier whilst in captivity. In the same month, he began to suffer from depression and fell ill with

585:. After he was liberated in 1945, he returned to Australia and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services on Java in 1942. 1859:

Blackburn conducted a fighting withdrawal through a series of fall-back positions to a point just southeast of Buitenzorg, then disengaged and moved back to

1954:. His time there was much more relaxed than on Java, and he enjoyed freedom of movement and the ability to catch up with friends, including his World War I 1950:

Blackburn and some other senior officers were transferred from Java to Singapore by ship, arriving on 1 January 1943, and Blackburn was briefly held at the

1403:

During the day a British staff officer arrived and directed Blackburn to send a company, two anti-tank guns and two armoured cars loaded with ammunition to

5471: 1822:

area on the northwestern tip of Java, and a regiment east of Batavia at Eretanwetan. Both landings were unopposed, and the regimental one was guided in by

5481: 5431: 4482: 2238: 2213: 589: 418: 391: 317: 50: 1068:, but he declined to speak to the assembled crowd about his exploits. The following day he was fêted by the staff and students of St Peter's College. 1777:, grenades, ammunition, and vehicles, from stocks originally intended to re-supply Singapore. Heavy weapons remained in short supply, although a few 1076: 2201: 1758:. Blackforce was essentially deployed to achieve the political purpose of strengthening the resolve of the Dutch, who, according to the Australian 4837: 1463:

yards (1 km) closer to Damascus. The Vichy French did not fire on them, and the couple of Vichy French tanks that appeared were engaged with

1244:

Following the amalgamation of light horse regiments, Blackburn was transferred to the 18th/23rd Light Horse Regiment on 1 July 1930, and to the

2284: 522:

in August, before being evacuated to the United Kingdom and then Australia suffering from illness. He was medically discharged in early 1917.

514:, capturing 370 yards (340 m) of trench. He was the first member of his battalion to be awarded the VC during World War I, and the first 479:, on April 25, 1915, and he and another scout were credited with advancing the furthest inland on the day of the landing. Blackburn was later 5352: 1662:

either. Blackburn was to lead "Boostforce", the objective of which he labelled a "suicide mission", especially given the Japanese had landed

1142: 749: 374: 2245:. The following year, Blackburn and his wife attended the VC centenary gathering in London, and visited the Pozières battlefield in France. 1360:

and were also better equipped. The Allied plan involved four axes of attack, with the 7th Division committed mainly to the coastal drive on

992:, observed, "Matters looked anything but cheerful for Lieutenant Blackburn and his men, but Blackburn lost neither his heart nor his head". 4485: 2148: 1903: 444: 425: 322: 57: 1431:

then a 50-mile (80 km) journey north, which took nearly two days due to the state of the roads. Meanwhile, Blackburn was recalled to

2287:

office in Adelaide was named "Blackburn House" in 1991. As of 2008 there were eleven streets in Adelaide named for Blackburn, and one in

1827:

recruited troops. Many of the local troops viewed the Japanese as liberators from Dutch colonialism rather than an enemy to be resisted.

1568: 784: 4555:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. III (12th ed.). Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. 896:. The battalion sailed for France in late March, arriving in early April. By this time, Blackburn was posted to a platoon in D Company. 2300: 1137:

Despite his push for the RSA to remain independent of politics, in early April 1918, Blackburn successfully contested the three-member

1006: 5441: 5401: 1787: 948: 5266: 4872: 1966:. On 7 January a party of 900 POWs arrived from Java, including a large number of 2/3rd men, led by the surgeon Lieutenant Colonel 1906:

and did not follow its stipulations, it was difficult to maintain discipline as all but Blackburn had to work regardless of rank.

1071:

He married Rose Ada Kelly at the St Peter's College chapel on 22 March 1917; they had two sons and two daughters. Their sons were

916:. In the early hours of 23 July, the 10th Battalion was committed to its first significant action on the Western Front during the 4992: 2180:

for his service during World War II. Both of Blackburn's sons, Richard and Robert, served in the Second AIF during World War II.

1894: 1315:

via Colombo, where they had ten days' leave, and disembarked in Egypt on 14 May. Upon arrival, the battalion was assigned to the

1284: 1130: 550: 221: 1937:. Another group of 84 left a few days later, but the losses were soon made up by the arrival of several thousand Dutch and 113 1796: 1440: 1427:

to handle casualties. On 19 June his force was ordered forward towards Damascus. This involved a 25-mile (40 km) drive to

1658:

rifles. Some soldiers did not have a firearm at all, and the 2/3rd not only lacked its Vickers guns, it also did not have any

5101: 4734: 4713: 4691: 4653: 4634: 4615: 4596: 4517: 2177: 2012:

Along with other senior officers, including Sitwell, ter Poorten and Searle, Blackburn was sent to Japan by sea, arriving in

5486: 5466: 1980: 1834:

then split into two, with one column pushing east along the north coast towards Batavia and the other driving southeast to

912:

sector of the front line. While in this area, Blackburn was selected as a member of a special raiding party led by Captain

847:, the battalion began rowing ashore at about 04:30. Blackburn was one of the battalion scouts, and among the first ashore. 5456: 2230: 2003: 1481: 692: 2295:

either the Blackburn Underpass or Inwood Underpass, after another South Australian who was also conferred a VC in 1917,

2272:. His medal set, including his VC, was passed to his son Richard, then to his grandson Tom, before being donated to the 940:

1 trench system. Held up by heavy machine gun fire and bombs, McCann, who had been wounded in the head, reported to the

5335: 5159: 1264: 1138: 1084: 668: 1726:(centre, seated) and Blackburn (on his left with map), along with other 7th Division officers, examining a map of Java 1705:

entered the port, which was gripped by considerable confusion. Australian looters and deserters from Singapore pelted

1228:

on 1 July 1928. In September and October 1928, Blackburn helped raise a volunteer force which was used to protect non-

5213: 4577: 2265: 1348: 2328:(Old German) trench system consisted of two lines of German trenches that were objectives of the Australian assault. 2222: 1288: 1146: 554: 1120: 5085: 4893: 4532:

The Story of Anzac: From the Outbreak of War to the End of the First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915

2151:(Military Division) (CBE) for his gallant and distinguished service in Java. His citation for the CBE noted that: 1963: 1272: 1200:

On 30 October 1925, Blackburn was transferred as a lieutenant from the Reserve of Officers List to the part-time

844: 729: 643: 618: 464: 356: 1495: 1492:

were pitted against the well-held Vichy French positions, until the defenders withdrew on the night of 23 June.

5461: 5446: 5411: 5217: 2169: 1589:

Australian troops (probably of the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion), disembarking at Tanjung Priok in mid-February 1942

1183: 1109: 1080: 756: 530: 20: 5426: 5017:. Vol. LII, no. 14421. Adelaide, South Australia. 13 September 1917. p. 2 (5 p.m. edition). 2226: 2217: 1489: 1175: 1129:

Battalion, Weir. On 12 September, Blackburn was elected state president of the RSA. He was involved in the

534: 411: 43: 5154: 494:

The 10th Battalion was withdrawn from Gallipoli in November 1915, and after re-organising and training in

2124:

where he was hospitalised for another 36 hours. The next destination was Colombo, after which he flew to

1755: 1455: 1096: 905: 904:

Blackburn went on leave in France from 29 April to 7 May. The 10th Battalion entered the fighting on the

499: 258: 1718: 5193: 2083:

his depression. On 15 August, the POWs were told that the war was over, and a few days later, a Soviet

1951: 1934: 1751: 1698: 1547:

on the Turkish border throughout the remainder of 1941. They endured a bitter cold and snowy winter at

1340: 1201: 1075:

and Robert; Richard also became a lawyer and eventually became an eminent jurist, chief justice of the

872: 830: 733: 610: 558: 468: 294: 289: 201: 108: 5476: 4842: 4756: 2059: 1759: 1525: 1516: 1500: 1245: 1225: 925: 614: 439: 215: 112: 71: 1675:

around dusk on 15 February. They were only just disembarking when orders were received to return to

1052:

for his own actions at Pozières that immediately preceded those of Blackburn. Blackburn embarked at

5240: 4866: 2234: 2013: 1316: 1112:

for his service in World War I. His brothers Harry and John also served in the AIF during the war.

984: 745: 741: 456: 128: 4931: 4917: 1889: 5122: 4785: 2273: 2173: 1774: 1585: 1563:

and another inquiry, where his legal skills were put to good use. At Christmas, Blackburn's son,

1252:

of the city of Adelaide, a position he held for fourteen years, with leave of absence during his

1020:

Blackburn (second from left) and McCann (right) after receiving their awards at Buckingham Palace

737: 672: 639: 598: 1283:

Blackburn stopped practising law in 1940, and on 20 June was appointed to raise and command the

634: 5042: 2977: 2034: 1971: 1723: 1659: 1412: 1357: 1238: 1160: 997: 876: 700: 647: 519: 480: 273: 4665:

The Fighting 10th: A South Australian Centenary Souvenir of the 10th Battalion, A.I.F. 1914–19

5361: 4950: 4724: 4507: 4338: 2261: 2242: 2193: 2144: 1694: 1436: 818: 783:. They trained there until 28 February 1915, when they moved to Alexandria. They embarked on 594: 472: 432: 251: 139: 64: 2070:

The new camp was Chen Cha Tung POW Camp, located about 200 miles (320 km) northwest of

917: 503: 268: 5396: 5391: 4946:"Our Queen Recognises Their Services: Nine New Knights and Many Decorations for Victorians" 4789:. Vol. LXXXI, no. 21, 813. Adelaide, South Australia. 6 October 1916. p. 5. 4270: 4216: 2140: 2116:

in China, where he spent 36 hours in hospital. The next flight was across the Himalayas to

1580: 1477: 1464: 1167: 704: 597:, Adelaide. His Victoria Cross and other medals are displayed in the Hall of Valour at the 4897:. Vol. 89, no. 5, 062. Adelaide, South Australia. 26 December 1946. p. 21. 3151: 8: 5013: 4979: 3245: 2257: 2096: 1853: 1380: 1293: 1258: 1212: 921: 837: 507: 443:(25 November 1892 – 24 November 1960) was an Australian soldier, lawyer, politician, and 263: 1559:. By this time, Blackburn had returned to the battalion after a stint as president of a 1528:

for Syria in Beirut, responsible, among other functions, for the repatriation of French

1305: 707:. Their father died in 1912. At the outbreak of World War I, Arthur was practising as a 4936: 4922: 3061: 2161: 1737: 1536: 1435:

in Palestine to receive orders from the commander of the Damascus front, Major General

1271:

on 15 January 1937, still with the same regiment, and in the same year was awarded the

989: 945: 941: 826: 776: 495: 484: 246: 4974: 5097: 5055: 5047: 5018: 4984: 4955: 4898: 4817: 4790: 4761: 4730: 4709: 4687: 4668: 4649: 4630: 4611: 4592: 4573: 4556: 4539: 4513: 4377: 3518: 1647: 1621: 1598: 1564: 1420: 1369: 1301: 1105: 1072: 1041: 884: 880: 684: 578: 350: 338: 5046:. Vol. 8, no. 401. Adelaide, South Australia. 17 January 1920. p. 2. 3359: 1806: 1446: 5373: 5344: 1955: 1783: 1770: 1741: 1552: 1520: 1428: 1373: 1206: 1186: 1101: 1088: 1065: 805: 651: 502:

in late March 1916. It saw its first real fighting in France on 23 July during the

384: 344: 711:

in Adelaide with the firm of Nesbit and Nesbit, and was still serving in the CMF.

4708:(2nd ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. 4681: 2017: 1938: 1778: 1594: 1331: 1190: 1092: 676: 622: 588:

Following the war, Blackburn was appointed as a conciliation commissioner of the

582: 526: 515: 164: 5232: 1958:. There were no beatings, and few Japanese were seen, as the guards were mainly 1257:

and his alignment with conservative politics. They were joined by the editor of

1087:, who became a long-serving federal government minister, and his other daughter 4704:& Harding, Bruce A. (1986). Williams, Jeff & Staunton, Anthony (eds.). 4701: 4538:. Vol. I (13th ed.). Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. 2038: 1763: 1613: 1424: 1392: 1151: 1049: 976: 859: 814: 768: 725: 655: 625: 488: 448: 312: 5008: 1766:, were "entirely immobile ... inexperienced and probably not highly trained". 909: 525:

Blackburn returned to legal practice and pursued a military career during the

5385: 5365: 5059: 5051: 5037: 5022: 4988: 4945: 4902: 4888: 4821: 4809: 4794: 4780: 4765: 4751: 4672: 4560: 4543: 2292: 2260:, and was buried with full military honours in the AIF section of Adelaide's 2132: 2121: 2101: 2051: 1835: 1819: 1746: 1672: 1655: 1560: 1384: 1233: 952: 511: 5285: 4959: 4570:

From Snow to Jungle: A History of the 2/3rd Australian Machine Gun Battalion

2576: 1009:. He relinquished his temporary rank upon evacuation, and was placed on the 5137: 5081: 4627:

Arthur Blackburn, VC: An Australian Hero, His Men, and Their Two World Wars

4527: 2165: 2025: 1994: 1967: 1930: 1915: 1911: 1823: 1690: 1548: 1508: 1388: 1344: 1268: 1253: 1155:

ex-soldiers. This criticism even extended to attacks from another AIF man,

893: 855: 562: 546: 284: 81: 1335:

The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon was governed by Vichy forces.

1319:

in Palestine, where it underwent further training at a camp just north of

1124:

Blackburn advocated for the "Yes" case in the 1917 conscription referendum

1016: 2075: 1897:

in the Bicycle POW Camp, Batavia after their liberation in September 1945

1352: 1312: 1229: 1194: 1053: 913: 696: 570: 460: 241: 3795: 3793: 3791: 2346:

The Reserve of Officers List was part of the reserve element of the CMF.

1450:

A Vickers machine gun team from the 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion in Syria

956:

the trench, and forward movement was exposed to heavy machine gun fire.

3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3076: 2554: 2552: 2296: 2269: 2136: 2079: 1839: 1810:

A map showing the Japanese landing points on Java in late February 1942

1800: 1663: 1651: 1633: 1504: 1485: 1432: 1156: 1010: 964: 929: 889: 843:, and after transferring to strings of rowing-boats initially towed by 799: 772: 629: 5286:"Victoria Cross: Second Lieutenant A. S. Blackburn, 10 Battalion, AIF" 5118: 1693:, and about 14:00 on 16 February, it anchored in the outer harbour of 1013:

list. Blackburn's VC citation was published on 9 September, and read:

581:

from the Japanese. Captured, Blackburn spent the rest of the war as a

3788: 2131:

On arrival in Adelaide, he was greeted by three other VC recipients,

2042: 1844: 1731: 1680: 1625: 1320: 1217: 1171: 1064:

on 3 December. The train he arrived on was met by the state premier,

1061: 959: 868: 822: 760: 708: 476: 459:

at the time. A lawyer and part-time soldier prior to the outbreak of

403: 191: 32: 4646:

Australia's War with France: The Campaign in Syria and Lebanon, 1941

3190: 2549: 924:. Initially, A Company under McCann were sent forward to assist the 5086:"History of South Australian Elections 1857–2006 House of Assembly" 4246: 4236: 4234: 2288: 2277: 2253: 2117: 2109: 2084: 1919: 1860: 1556: 1408: 1404: 1365: 1297: 1045: 1002: 680: 566: 542: 143: 4440: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4194: 4192: 4093: 2965: 2704: 2702: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2104:

meeting with Blackburn (right) after his repatriation to Australia

1701:, the capital of the Dutch East Indies. At noon the following day 4297: 4141: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 2249: 2113: 2108:

Blackburn's return to Australia was circuitous. He first flew to

1926: 1791: 1643: 1617: 1540: 1488:. Over several days, the pioneers, fighting as infantry, and the 1468: 1387:, committed the divisional reserve to secure a bridge across the 1379:

The 2/3rd were fully committed on 15 June, when the commander of

1249: 980: 764: 538: 452: 380: 4231: 1539:. The battalion defended a position northeast of Beirut, around 975:

For his actions, Blackburn was recommended for the award of the

5407:

Australian Battle of the Somme recipients of the Victoria Cross

4916: 4309: 4189: 3538: 3536: 3221: 3178: 3037: 2983: 2828: 2699: 2660: 2612: 2291:. In 2008, it was debated whether to call the new tunnel under 2188: 2071: 2021: 1904:

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War

1831: 1744:, but was subordinate to the local Dutch divisional commander, 1544: 1543:

initially, but was moved around to various locations including

1459: 1397: 1361: 795: 791: 688: 5422:

Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George

3410: 3265: 3263: 2513: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 1814:

By 27 February, Blackburn had established his headquarters in

1799:, a British signals section, and a squadron of 16 obsolescent 1454:

On the left flank of the Free French force was the Australian

565:

in 1941, during which he personally accepted the surrender of

4464: 4452: 4057: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2782: 2780: 2482: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2205: 2125: 2055: 1815: 1248:

on 1 October of the same year. In 1933, Blackburn became the

858:, noted there was strong evidence that Blackburn, along with 780: 4750: 4404: 4392: 4365: 4344: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4129: 4117: 4105: 4081: 4069: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3997: 3973: 3961: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3829: 3817: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3533: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 1612:

Blackburn received orders to put 2,000 of his men ashore at

1176:

Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia

537:

in South Australia for several years, and was appointed the

535:

Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia

4760:. Adelaide, South Australia. 11 September 1947. p. 3. 3680: 3584: 3572: 3560: 3506: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3374: 3260: 3233: 3139: 3088: 2840: 2007:

Map of Formosa showing the location of the Karenko POW Camp

1959: 1629: 1216:

A group of Australian VC recipients assembled in Sydney on

574: 4973: 4930: 4887: 4276: 4222: 3275: 3157: 3105: 3103: 2936: 2777: 2600: 2360: 1838:

and Djasinga and preparing to cross the Tjianten River at

642:. His mother died in 1904 at the age of 40. He studied at 609:

Arthur Seaforth Blackburn was born on 25 November 1892 at

5007: 3841: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3287: 3251: 2494: 1529: 1499:

Blackburn speaking to members of his battalion during an

1224:

Blackburn was transferred from the 43rd Battalion to the

892:. In early March, he was hospitalised for two weeks with 5417:

Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

5284: 5136: 5117: 4729:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. 4512:. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. 4428: 4416: 4353: 4326: 4285: 4258: 4204: 4045: 3949: 3937: 3865: 3853: 3805: 3799: 3620: 3596: 3386: 3215: 3049: 2719: 2717: 2564: 2558: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 1174:

with the St Peter's Collegiate Lodge. In July 1919, the

5437:

Australian World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross

5327:

Defence Act 1909 (Act 15, Section 6). 13 December 1909.

5200:. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian National University 5163:. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian National University 4779: 3985: 3692: 3656: 3608: 3548: 3494: 3398: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3127: 3100: 3067: 3025: 3015: 2912: 2876: 2816: 2804: 2426: 2424: 2160:

In addition to the CBE, Blackburn was also awarded the

1754:

British Troops in the Dutch East Indies, Major General

967:

of the type used liberally during the Pozières fighting

802:, where they remained aboard for the next seven weeks. 790:

on 1 March and a few days later arrived at the port of

3433: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2765: 2729: 2648: 1730:

On 21 February, Blackburn was temporarily promoted to

1060:

on 16 October for six months' rest, arriving home via

569:. In early 1942, his battalion was withdrawn from the 5300: 4816:. Adelaide, South Australia. 6 May 1935. p. 16. 4808: 4536:

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918

4446: 3524: 2888: 2852: 2792: 2714: 2624: 2537: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 1636:, some of the troops were equipped with weapons from 483:

and, along with his battalion, spent the rest of the

16:

Australian lawyer and recipient of the Victoria Cross

5036: 4944: 4383: 3668: 3644: 3365: 2525: 2421: 2409: 825:, on 25 April, which marked the commencement of the 724:

On 19 August 1914, aged 21, Blackburn enlisted as a

3632: 3166: 2992: 2900: 2864: 1458:, attacking from the southwest towards the town of 983:in battle that could be awarded to a member of the 744:. The 10th Battalion underwent initial training at 632:, and his second wife, Margaret Harriette Stewart, 455:in battle that could be awarded to a member of the 5191: 4954:. Melbourne, Victoria. 1 January 1955. p. 8. 4610:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 4589:For Valour: Australians Awarded the Victoria Cross 3115: 2924: 2753: 2741: 2687: 2636: 2588: 2488: 2436: 2239:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George 2214:Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration 1848:ready to conduct counter-encirclement operations. 1503:match in Syria, late 1941. Blackburn is wearing a 1232:labour in an industrial dispute on the wharves at 748:in Adelaide, South Australia, before embarking on 590:Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration 392:Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration 318:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George 5212: 4320: 4252: 4240: 4198: 4099: 3427: 3227: 3184: 3082: 3043: 2971: 2834: 2708: 2681: 2669: 2618: 2519: 1077:Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory 5383: 4859: 4835: 4648:. Newport, New South Wales: Big Sky Publishing. 4591:. Sydney, New South Wales: NewSouth Publishing. 4470: 4458: 2202:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 1339:In mid-June, the battalion was committed to the 779:, on 6 December. The troops went into camp near 5452:People educated at St Peter's College, Adelaide 5254: 5152: 4629:. Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press. 3145: 2403: 2280:, where it is displayed in the Hall of Valour. 1311:on 10 April 1941. The battalion sailed for the 888:on 20 February 1916, Blackburn was promoted to 5194:"Blackburn, Sir Charles Bickerton (1874–1972)" 4700: 4608:A Bastard of a Place: The Australians in Papua 4572:. Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 3542: 2846: 4926:(Supplement). 9 September 1916. p. 8870. 4667:. Adelaide, South Australia: Webb & Son. 4553:The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916 4486:Department for Infrastructure & Transport 2192:Blackburn's gravestone in the AIF section of 1351:. Due to the involvement of Vichy French and 1220:1938. Blackburn is standing, third from left. 5326: 4586: 3392: 2959: 2786: 2507: 2268:and the cemetery, and eight brigadiers were 2252:, South Australia, aged 67, from a ruptured 2149:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 1945: 323:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 5472:World War II prisoners of war held by Japan 4983:. Adelaide, South Australia. 26 July 1952. 4871:. Adelaide, South Australia. Archived from 2301:Returned & Services League of Australia 2065: 1632:and Sumatra respectively. Due to a lack of 1364:in Lebanon and the central thrusts towards 5482:People educated at Pulteney Grammar School 5196:. In Nairn, Bede; Serle, Geoffrey (eds.). 5157:. In Nairn, Bede; Serle, Geoffrey (eds.). 4744: 4587:Blanch, Craig & Pegram, Aaron (2018). 1555:, which was punctuated by leave drafts to 646:from 1906-1909 followed by studies at the 80: 5432:Australian Army personnel of World War II 1788:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command 1326: 829:. The brigade embarked on the battleship 638:Browne. Arthur was initially educated at 549:, Blackburn was appointed to command the 545:, South Australia. After the outbreak of 518:to receive the VC. He also fought in the 5155:"Blackburn, Arthur Seaforth (1892–1960)" 4940:(Supplement). 28 May 1946. p. 2613. 4679: 4624: 4505: 4434: 4422: 4410: 4398: 4371: 4359: 4332: 4303: 4291: 4264: 4210: 4183: 4171: 4159: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4111: 4087: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4027: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3955: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3859: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3662: 3614: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3404: 3380: 3353: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3269: 3239: 3133: 3109: 3094: 3031: 2918: 2882: 2822: 2810: 2771: 2735: 2654: 2476: 2430: 2415: 2187: 2095: 2062:, and from there by train to Manchuria. 2054:in southern Formosa and flown to Japan, 1888: 1805: 1717: 1584: 1494: 1445: 1330: 1211: 1119: 1015: 958: 804: 467:in August 1914, and was assigned to the 5231: 5080: 4567: 3847: 3626: 3602: 3281: 3172: 2585:, pp. xii–xiii, 226–228, 346, 603. 1246:18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment 1131:1917 Australian conscription referendum 1056:for Australia aboard the hospital ship 216:18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment 5384: 5175: 3121: 2248:Blackburn died on 24 November 1960 at 2091: 1925:Blackburn was promoted to substantive 1166:On 29 August 1918, he was appointed a 4643: 4605: 4526: 3674: 3650: 3638: 2582: 2570: 1922:) in weight due to the poor rations. 633: 5119:"10th Australian Infantry Battalion" 4726:Pozières: Echoes of a Distant Battle 4722: 4662: 4550: 3055: 3019: 2930: 2906: 2894: 2870: 2858: 2798: 2759: 2747: 2723: 2693: 2642: 2630: 2606: 2594: 2543: 2531: 2455: 1646:, including outdated and unfamiliar 1048:. The same day, McCann received the 1044:on 4 October to receive his VC from 996:returned to the fighting during the 573:and played a role in the defence of 4995:from the original on 10 August 2019 4686:. Prahran, Victoria: Hardie Grant. 2231:Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal 1115: 13: 5336:South Australian House of Assembly 5198:Australian Dictionary of Biography 5160:Australian Dictionary of Biography 1970:. This group soon ended up on the 1265:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal 1139:South Australian House of Assembly 813:The 3rd Brigade was chosen as the 699:, and later became a long-serving 669:South Australian Scottish Regiment 14: 5498: 4838:"Underpass Named After Gallipoli" 4506:Anderson, Charles Robert (1995). 2178:Australia Service Medal 1939–1945 1567:, visited him, on leave from the 1349:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 5442:Burials at West Terrace Cemetery 5402:Military personnel from Adelaide 4975:"Oxford Wedding for S.A. Couple" 4476: 1986: 1979: 1624:to help defend an airfield near 1391:and thwart a major Vichy French 1289:Second Australian Imperial Force 1083:. His daughter Margaret married 928:, which was involved in a bomb ( 908:in June, initially in the quiet 899: 883:on 4 August, and appointed as a 873:Turkish counter-attack of 19 May 555:Second Australian Imperial Force 529:, and served as a member of the 19:For the English footballer, see 5256:"Sir Richard Blackburn Lecture" 2340: 2331: 2314: 2285:Department of Veterans' Affairs 1987: 1884: 1383:, the Australian Major General 1278: 1273:King George VI Coronation Medal 1170:, and in November, he became a 617:. He was the youngest child of 5218:National Archives of Australia 5096:. Rose Park, South Australia. 4836:Kelton, Greg (15 March 2009). 1750:W. Schilling, and to the 1593:On 14 January 1942, following 1081:Australian National University 732:(AIF) and was assigned to the 714: 1: 5265:. 15 May 2007. Archived from 5138:"2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion" 4860:Morgan, Kym (15 April 2008). 4494: 3800:Australian War Memorial 2018c 3216:Australian War Memorial 2018b 2559:Australian War Memorial 2018a 2183: 1569:9th Division Cavalry Regiment 1095:, author, and adviser to the 693:Australian Army Medical Corps 604: 87: 21:Arthur Blackburn (footballer) 5302:"Streets of Remembrance A–C" 5192:Blackburn, C. R. B. (1979). 5177:"Blackburn, Arthur Seaforth" 2353: 2227:Adelaide University Regiment 1875: 1797:United States artillery unit 1515:In the short lull after the 979:(VC), the highest award for 719: 644:St Peter's College, Adelaide 463:, Blackburn enlisted in the 451:(VC), the highest award for 7: 5487:Australian lacrosse players 5467:Australian prisoners of war 5111: 4847:. Adelaide, South Australia 2147:. On 28 May, he was made a 1895:2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion 1893:A group of officers of the 1666:on Sumatra on 14 February. 1372:, were the only divisional 1285:2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion 1097:South Australian government 1007:3rd London General Hospital 944:(CO) of the 9th Battalion, 759:on 20 October. Sailing via 551:2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion 531:South Australian parliament 222:2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion 10: 5503: 5457:Adelaide Law School alumni 4723:Wray, Christopher (2015). 4680:Staunton, Anthony (2005). 4447:Brisbane City Council 2020 3543:Wigmore & Harding 1986 2847:Wigmore & Harding 1986 1760:Chief of the General Staff 1752:General Officer Commanding 1578: 1571:, which was in Palestine. 295:Dutch East Indies campaign 18: 5370: 5349: 5341: 5334: 5288:. Australian War Memorial 5153:Blackburn, R. A. (1979). 5140:. Australian War Memorial 5074: 4625:Faulkner, Andrew (2008). 1946:Changi, Japan and Formosa 1526:Allied Control Commission 1507:and a German World War I 1501:Australian Rules Football 1226:23rd Light Horse Regiment 1205:foundation member of the 1005:and was evacuated to the 730:Australian Imperial Force 679:on 13 December 1913. His 615:Colony of South Australia 533:in 1918–1921. He led the 465:Australian Imperial Force 407:Arthur Seaforth Blackburn 366: 331: 305: 234: 208: 197: 187: 170: 158: 150: 134: 118: 113:Colony of South Australia 95: 79: 30: 5241:University of Queensland 4867:Southern Times Messenger 4810:"Jubilee Medals Awarded" 4752:"Appointment Criticised" 4499: 4306:, pp. 422–423, 428. 4150:, pp. 388–392, 415. 2960:Blanch & Pegram 2018 2787:Blanch & Pegram 2018 2508:Blanch & Pegram 2018 2307: 2235:Trans Australia Airlines 2066:Manchuria and liberation 1803:to Blackburn's command. 1775:Thompson submachine guns 1689:was escorted across the 1456:2/3rd Infantry Battalion 1134:unopposed as president. 850:Australia's World War I 557:, and led it during the 129:Crafers, South Australia 86:Captain A. S. Blackburn 5320: 5123:Australian War Memorial 4781:"Australians Decorated" 4745:Newspapers and gazettes 4644:James, Richard (2017). 4551:Bean, C. E. W. (1941). 2489:C. R. B. Blackburn 1979 2274:Australian War Memorial 1660:Bren light machine guns 1574: 1482:2/2nd Pioneer Battalion 1423:, as well as a British 1207:Legacy Club of Adelaide 985:Australian armed forces 794:on the Greek island of 673:Citizen Military Forces 650:, where he completed a 640:Pulteney Grammar School 599:Australian War Memorial 457:Australian armed forces 5090:State Electoral Office 4606:Brune, Peter (2004) . 4568:Bellair, John (1987). 4321:National Archives 2018 4253:National Archives 2018 4241:National Archives 2018 4199:National Archives 2018 4100:National Archives 2018 3428:National Archives 2018 3228:National Archives 2018 3185:National Archives 2018 3085:, pp. 32, 43, 47. 3083:National Archives 2018 3044:National Archives 2018 2972:National Archives 2018 2835:National Archives 2018 2709:National Archives 2018 2682:National Archives 2018 2670:National Archives 2018 2619:National Archives 2018 2609:, pp. 46–47, 162. 2520:National Archives 2018 2218:Australian Labor Party 2196: 2157: 2105: 2041:. With the arrival of 2035:Harold Burfield Taylor 1972:Thailand-Burma railway 1935:Thailand–Burma railway 1898: 1873: 1811: 1727: 1590: 1512: 1451: 1413:Ordnance QF 25-pounder 1341:Syria–Lebanon campaign 1336: 1327:Syria–Lebanon campaign 1239:South Australia Police 1221: 1161:Australian Labor Party 1159:, from the opposition 1125: 1079:and chancellor of the 1037: 1021: 998:Battle of Mouquet Farm 968: 867:warfare defending the 852:official war historian 810: 771:, the ship arrived at 691:doctor, served in the 648:University of Adelaide 559:Syria–Lebanon Campaign 520:Battle of Mouquet Farm 290:Syria–Lebanon Campaign 274:Battle of Mouquet Farm 5462:Australian Freemasons 5447:Lawyers from Adelaide 5412:Australian brigadiers 5362:Thomas Hyland Smeaton 5306:Brisbane City Council 5214:"NAA: B883, SX500503" 5038:"Soldiers' Elections" 2262:West Terrace Cemetery 2243:1955 New Year Honours 2194:West Terrace Cemetery 2191: 2153: 2145:Efficiency Decoration 2099: 1968:Ernest "Weary" Dunlop 1892: 1865: 1809: 1762:, Lieutenant General 1721: 1588: 1498: 1465:Boys anti-tank rifles 1449: 1441:6th Infantry Division 1437:John Fullerton Evetts 1334: 1267:. He was promoted to 1215: 1123: 1023: 1019: 962: 819:landing at Anzac Cove 808: 687:, became a prominent 654:in 1913, after being 595:West Terrace Cemetery 351:Sir Charles Blackburn 339:Sir Richard Blackburn 252:Landing at Anzac Cove 171:Years of service 140:West Terrace Cemetery 4663:Lock, Cecil (1936). 4471:Kelton 15 March 2009 4459:Morgan 15 April 2008 4066:, pp. 352, 356. 3146:ACT Law Society 2007 3058:, pp. 163, 204. 2404:R. A. Blackburn 1979 2266:St Peter's Cathedral 2004:class=notpageimage| 1724:Arthur "Tubby" Allen 1581:Battle of Leuwiliang 1168:justice of the peace 798:in the northeastern 705:University of Sydney 473:landed at Anzac Cove 390:Commissioner of the 5427:Australian coroners 5009:"Returned Soldiers" 4889:"New RSL President" 4862:"Anzac Tunnel Feud" 4706:They Dared Mightily 4483:Gallipoli Underpass 4413:, pp. 436–437. 4401:, pp. 432–433. 4374:, pp. 430–431. 4186:, pp. 417–419. 4174:, pp. 409–414. 4162:, pp. 396–407. 4138:, pp. 384–387. 4126:, pp. 377–383. 4114:, pp. 371–376. 4090:, pp. 361–369. 4078:, pp. 357–360. 4042:, pp. 328–330. 4030:, pp. 312–327. 4018:, pp. 306–312. 4006:, pp. 305–306. 3982:, pp. 296–301. 3970:, pp. 304–305. 3934:, pp. 293–295. 3922:, pp. 289–292. 3910:, pp. 283–287. 3898:, pp. 281–283. 3886:, pp. 279–280. 3838:, pp. 270–273. 3826:, pp. 266–269. 3785:, pp. 255–261. 3773:, pp. 251–253. 3761:, pp. 247–249. 3749:, pp. 241–243. 3737:, pp. 238–240. 3725:, pp. 235–237. 3713:, pp. 232–235. 3689:, pp. 228–231. 3593:, pp. 200–211. 3581:, pp. 192–199. 3569:, pp. 184–185. 3515:, pp. 165–167. 3491:, pp. 163–164. 3479:, pp. 150–158. 3467:, pp. 136–137. 3383:, pp. 133–134. 3284:, pp. 218–220. 3272:, pp. 129–136. 3242:, pp. 128–129. 3097:, pp. 120–123. 2573:, pp. 246–252. 2258:common iliac artery 2174:War Medal 1939–1945 2092:Return to Australia 2074:on the edge of the 1964:British Indian Army 1962:defectors from the 1193:, who later became 932:) fight over the O. 922:Battle of the Somme 508:Battle of the Somme 264:Battle of the Somme 5359:Served alongside: 5233:"Rosemary Wighton" 4937:The London Gazette 4923:The London Gazette 4224:The London Gazette 2985:The London Gazette 2197: 2106: 1899: 1812: 1738:Luitenant-generaal 1728: 1591: 1513: 1452: 1337: 1222: 1126: 1034:, 8 September 1916 1032:The London Gazette 1022: 990:Stanley Price Weir 969: 946:Lieutenant Colonel 942:commanding officer 918:Battle of Pozières 836:and the destroyer 827:Gallipoli campaign 811: 504:Battle of Pozières 485:Gallipoli campaign 269:Battle of Pozières 247:Gallipoli Campaign 5380: 5379: 5371:Succeeded by 5357:1918–1921 5272:on 29 August 2007 5103:978-0-9750486-3-4 4980:The Adelaide Mail 4875:on 15 August 2008 4736:978-1-316-24111-0 4715:978-0-642-99471-4 4693:978-1-74273-486-6 4655:978-1-925520-92-7 4636:978-1-86254-784-1 4617:978-1-74114-403-1 4598:978-1-74223-542-4 4519:978-0-16-042087-0 4348:11 September 1947 4255:, pp. 5, 10. 3850:, pp. 67–81. 3629:, pp. 36–39. 3605:, pp. 35–39. 3296:, pp. 56–57. 3255:13 September 1917 3159:The Adelaide Mail 2974:, pp. 39–40. 2897:, pp. 60–61. 2861:, pp. 58–59. 2801:, pp. 57–58. 2726:, pp. 55–57. 2684:, pp. 38–39. 2633:, pp. 53–54. 2546:, pp. 37–42. 2534:, pp. 25–37. 2024:). On arrival at 1871:us to surrender. 1622:Dutch East Indies 1302:Western Australia 1300:and D Company in 1106:British War Medal 1042:Buckingham Palace 885:platoon commander 881:second lieutenant 685:Charles Blackburn 677:called to the bar 579:Dutch East Indies 498:, sailed for the 401: 400: 227:Blackforce (1942) 5494: 5477:Blackburn family 5374:Herbert Richards 5345:Crawford Vaughan 5342:Preceded by 5332: 5331: 5328: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5260: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5107: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4941: 4927: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4740: 4719: 4697: 4676: 4659: 4640: 4621: 4602: 4583: 4564: 4547: 4523: 4488: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4280:26 December 1946 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4102:, pp. 5, 8. 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3431: 3425: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3393:Defence Act 1909 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 2990: 2987:9 September 1916 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2459: 2453: 2434: 2428: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2223:honorary colonel 1990: 1989: 1983: 1956:platoon sergeant 1790:headquarters in 1784:Archibald Wavell 1771:defence-in-depth 1742:Hein ter Poorten 1642: 1530:prisoners-of-war 1517:fall of Damascus 1490:2/25th Battalion 1425:dressing station 1195:King Edward VIII 1187:William Birdwood 1116:Between the wars 1066:Crawford Vaughan 1035: 939: 935: 871:, including the 665: 661: 652:Bachelor of Laws 637: 619:Thomas Blackburn 541:for the city of 516:South Australian 461:World War I 442: 437: 430: 423: 416: 385:City of Adelaide 357:Thomas Blackburn 345:Rosemary Wighton 160: 125: 122:24 November 1960 106:25 November 1892 105: 103: 89: 84: 74: 69: 62: 55: 48: 38:Arthur Blackburn 28: 27: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5358: 5356: 5347: 5323: 5310: 5308: 5291: 5289: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5263:ACT Law Society 5258: 5245: 5243: 5222: 5220: 5203: 5201: 5182: 5180: 5166: 5164: 5143: 5141: 5127: 5125: 5114: 5104: 5077: 5064: 5062: 5027: 5025: 4998: 4996: 4964: 4962: 4907: 4905: 4878: 4876: 4850: 4848: 4826: 4824: 4799: 4797: 4770: 4768: 4747: 4737: 4716: 4702:Wigmore, Lionel 4694: 4656: 4637: 4618: 4599: 4580: 4520: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4491: 4481: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4232: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4190: 4182: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4158: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3434: 3426: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3369:17 January 1920 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3261: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 2993: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2715: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2462: 2454: 2437: 2429: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2325: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2186: 2141:Thomas Caldwell 2094: 2068: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1952:Changi POW Camp 1948: 1939:Royal Air Force 1887: 1878: 1747:Generaal-majoor 1640: 1583: 1577: 1439:of the British 1329: 1296:, C Company in 1281: 1191:Prince of Wales 1118: 1093:literary editor 1036: 1030: 949:James Robertson 937: 933: 902: 833:Prince of Wales 722: 717: 663: 659: 607: 583:prisoner-of-war 527:interwar period 435: 428: 421: 414: 410: 397: 367:Other work 362: 327: 301: 230: 183: 165:Australian Army 146: 127: 123: 107: 101: 99: 91: 75: 67: 60: 53: 46: 42: 40: 39: 36: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5500: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5369: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5298: 5282: 5252: 5229: 5210: 5189: 5179:. Genealogy SA 5173: 5150: 5134: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5034: 5005: 4971: 4942: 4928: 4914: 4885: 4857: 4843:The Advertiser 4833: 4814:The Advertiser 4806: 4777: 4757:The Advertiser 4746: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4698: 4692: 4683:Victoria Cross 4677: 4660: 4654: 4641: 4635: 4622: 4616: 4603: 4597: 4584: 4578: 4565: 4548: 4528:Bean, C. E. W. 4524: 4518: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4437:, p. 441. 4427: 4425:, p. 440. 4415: 4403: 4391: 4387:1 January 1955 4376: 4364: 4362:, p. 429. 4352: 4346:The Advertiser 4337: 4335:, p. 426. 4325: 4308: 4296: 4294:, p. 428. 4284: 4269: 4267:, p. 425. 4257: 4245: 4230: 4215: 4213:, p. 419. 4203: 4188: 4176: 4164: 4152: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4054:, p. 339. 4044: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3960: 3958:, p. 298. 3948: 3946:, p. 295. 3936: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3874:, p. 275. 3864: 3862:, p. 274. 3852: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3814:, p. 263. 3804: 3787: 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3701:, p. 253. 3691: 3679: 3677:, p. 244. 3667: 3665:, p. 226. 3655: 3653:, p. 119. 3643: 3631: 3619: 3617:, p. 215. 3607: 3595: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3557:, p. 183. 3547: 3532: 3526:The Advertiser 3517: 3505: 3503:, p. 161. 3493: 3481: 3469: 3457: 3432: 3409: 3407:, p. 136. 3397: 3385: 3373: 3358: 3356:, p. 132. 3346: 3344:, p. 138. 3334: 3332:, p. 147. 3322: 3320:, p. 145. 3310: 3308:, p. 141. 3298: 3286: 3274: 3259: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3150: 3138: 3136:, p. 170. 3126: 3114: 3112:, p. 123. 3099: 3087: 3075: 3071:6 October 1916 3060: 3048: 3036: 3034:, p. 114. 3024: 3022:, p. 163. 2991: 2976: 2964: 2935: 2923: 2921:, p. 112. 2911: 2909:, p. 802. 2899: 2887: 2885:, p. 109. 2875: 2873:, p. 593. 2863: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2825:, p. 105. 2815: 2813:, p. 103. 2803: 2791: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2713: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2659: 2647: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2548: 2536: 2524: 2512: 2493: 2481: 2460: 2458:, p. 162. 2435: 2420: 2408: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2185: 2182: 2162:1939–1945 Star 2093: 2090: 2080:Hoten POW Camp 2067: 2064: 2039:Duncan Maxwell 2002: 2001: 1993: 1992: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1947: 1944: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1764:Vernon Sturdee 1756:Hervey Sitwell 1722:Major General 1697:, the port of 1576: 1573: 1429:Sheikh Meskine 1393:counter-stroke 1370:anti-tank guns 1347:in the French 1328: 1325: 1287:, part of the 1280: 1277: 1202:43rd Battalion 1152:profit-sharing 1147:National Party 1117: 1114: 1050:Military Cross 1028: 977:Victoria Cross 920:, part of the 901: 898: 860:Lance Corporal 845:steam pinnaces 815:covering force 734:10th Battalion 721: 718: 716: 713: 675:(CMF). He was 606: 603: 506:, part of the 469:10th Battalion 449:Victoria Cross 399: 398: 396: 395: 388: 378: 370: 368: 364: 363: 361: 360: 354: 353:(half-brother) 348: 342: 335: 333: 329: 328: 326: 325: 320: 315: 313:Victoria Cross 309: 307: 303: 302: 300: 299: 298: 297: 292: 282: 281: 280: 279: 278: 277: 276: 271: 256: 255: 254: 238: 236: 232: 231: 229: 228: 225: 219: 212: 210: 206: 205: 202:10th Battalion 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 178: 174: 172: 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 138: 136: 132: 131: 126:(aged 67) 120: 116: 115: 97: 93: 92: 85: 77: 76: 41: 37: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5499: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5375: 5368: 5367: 5366:Edward Vardon 5363: 5355: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5333: 5325: 5324: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5287: 5283: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5178: 5174: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5139: 5135: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5105: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082:Jaensch, Dean 5079: 5078: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5006: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4894:The Chronicle 4890: 4886: 4874: 4870: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4846: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4581: 4579:0-04-158012-5 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4435:Faulkner 2008 4431: 4424: 4423:Faulkner 2008 4419: 4412: 4411:Faulkner 2008 4407: 4400: 4399:Faulkner 2008 4395: 4388: 4386: 4380: 4373: 4372:Faulkner 2008 4368: 4361: 4360:Faulkner 2008 4356: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4333:Faulkner 2008 4329: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4304:Faulkner 2008 4300: 4293: 4292:Faulkner 2008 4288: 4281: 4279: 4278:The Chronicle 4273: 4266: 4265:Faulkner 2008 4261: 4254: 4249: 4243:, p. 10. 4242: 4237: 4235: 4227: 4225: 4219: 4212: 4211:Faulkner 2008 4207: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4185: 4184:Faulkner 2008 4180: 4173: 4172:Faulkner 2008 4168: 4161: 4160:Faulkner 2008 4156: 4149: 4148:Faulkner 2008 4144: 4137: 4136:Faulkner 2008 4132: 4125: 4124:Faulkner 2008 4120: 4113: 4112:Faulkner 2008 4108: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4088:Faulkner 2008 4084: 4077: 4076:Faulkner 2008 4072: 4065: 4064:Faulkner 2008 4060: 4053: 4052:Faulkner 2008 4048: 4041: 4040:Faulkner 2008 4036: 4029: 4028:Faulkner 2008 4024: 4017: 4016:Faulkner 2008 4012: 4005: 4004:Faulkner 2008 4000: 3994:, p. 21. 3993: 3992:Anderson 1995 3988: 3981: 3980:Faulkner 2008 3976: 3969: 3968:Faulkner 2008 3964: 3957: 3956:Faulkner 2008 3952: 3945: 3944:Faulkner 2008 3940: 3933: 3932:Faulkner 2008 3928: 3921: 3920:Faulkner 2008 3916: 3909: 3908:Faulkner 2008 3904: 3897: 3896:Faulkner 2008 3892: 3885: 3884:Faulkner 2008 3880: 3873: 3872:Faulkner 2008 3868: 3861: 3860:Faulkner 2008 3856: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3836:Faulkner 2008 3832: 3825: 3824:Faulkner 2008 3820: 3813: 3812:Faulkner 2008 3808: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3784: 3783:Faulkner 2008 3779: 3772: 3771:Faulkner 2008 3767: 3760: 3759:Faulkner 2008 3755: 3748: 3747:Faulkner 2008 3743: 3736: 3735:Faulkner 2008 3731: 3724: 3723:Faulkner 2008 3719: 3712: 3711:Faulkner 2008 3707: 3700: 3699:Faulkner 2008 3695: 3688: 3687:Faulkner 2008 3683: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3663:Faulkner 2008 3659: 3652: 3647: 3641:, p. 48. 3640: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3615:Faulkner 2008 3611: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3591:Faulkner 2008 3587: 3580: 3579:Faulkner 2008 3575: 3568: 3567:Faulkner 2008 3563: 3556: 3555:Faulkner 2008 3551: 3545:, p. 35. 3544: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3527: 3521: 3514: 3513:Faulkner 2008 3509: 3502: 3501:Faulkner 2008 3497: 3490: 3489:Faulkner 2008 3485: 3478: 3477:Faulkner 2008 3473: 3466: 3465:Faulkner 2008 3461: 3455:, p. 57. 3454: 3453:Staunton 2005 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3406: 3405:Faulkner 2008 3401: 3394: 3389: 3382: 3381:Faulkner 2008 3377: 3370: 3368: 3362: 3355: 3354:Faulkner 2008 3350: 3343: 3342:Faulkner 2008 3338: 3331: 3330:Faulkner 2008 3326: 3319: 3318:Faulkner 2008 3314: 3307: 3306:Faulkner 2008 3302: 3295: 3294:Staunton 2005 3290: 3283: 3278: 3271: 3270:Faulkner 2008 3266: 3264: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3241: 3240:Faulkner 2008 3236: 3230:, p. 32. 3229: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3187:, p. 31. 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3135: 3134:Faulkner 2008 3130: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3110:Faulkner 2008 3106: 3104: 3096: 3095:Faulkner 2008 3091: 3084: 3079: 3072: 3070: 3064: 3057: 3052: 3046:, p. 40. 3045: 3040: 3033: 3032:Faulkner 2008 3028: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2988: 2986: 2980: 2973: 2968: 2962:, p. 90. 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2933:, p. 61. 2932: 2927: 2920: 2919:Faulkner 2008 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2883:Faulkner 2008 2879: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2837:, p. 44. 2836: 2831: 2824: 2823:Faulkner 2008 2819: 2812: 2811:Faulkner 2008 2807: 2800: 2795: 2789:, p. 91. 2788: 2783: 2781: 2774:, p. 93. 2773: 2772:Faulkner 2008 2768: 2762:, p. 57. 2761: 2756: 2750:, p. 22. 2749: 2744: 2738:, p. 91. 2737: 2736:Faulkner 2008 2732: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2711:, p. 39. 2710: 2705: 2703: 2696:, p. 55. 2695: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2672:, p. 37. 2671: 2666: 2664: 2657:, p. 84. 2656: 2655:Faulkner 2008 2651: 2645:, p. 51. 2644: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2621:, p. 36. 2620: 2615: 2608: 2603: 2597:, p. 45. 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2540: 2533: 2528: 2522:, p. 34. 2521: 2516: 2510:, p. 89. 2509: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2485: 2479:, p. 56. 2478: 2477:Staunton 2005 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2432: 2431:Faulkner 2008 2427: 2425: 2417: 2416:Faulkner 2008 2412: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2343: 2334: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293:Anzac Highway 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2195: 2190: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2170:Defence Medal 2167: 2163: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133:Phillip Davey 2129: 2127: 2123: 2122:British India 2119: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2102:Thomas Blamey 2098: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2005: 1996: 1982: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1896: 1891: 1882: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1836:Rangkasbitung 1833: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Tanjung Priok 1692: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:Martini Henry 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1596: 1587: 1582: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:court-martial 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1511:in a holster. 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1484:on a fort at 1483: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1448: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:Bren carriers 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:John Lavarack 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1308:Ile de France 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1234:Port Adelaide 1231: 1227: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1184:Field Marshal 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1110:Victory Medal 1107: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:King George V 1043: 1033: 1027: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 999: 993: 991: 986: 982: 978: 973: 966: 961: 957: 954: 950: 947: 943: 931: 927: 926:9th Battalion 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 906:Western Front 900:Western Front 897: 895: 891: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 864: 861: 857: 853: 848: 846: 842: 841: 835: 834: 828: 824: 820: 816: 807: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 788: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 753: 747: 746:Morphettville 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 636: 631: 627: 624: 620: 616: 612: 602: 600: 596: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 512:hand grenades 509: 505: 501: 500:Western Front 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 434: 427: 420: 413: 408: 405: 393: 389: 386: 382: 379: 376: 372: 371: 369: 365: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 336: 334: 330: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 310: 308: 304: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 286: 283: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 265: 262: 261: 260: 259:Western Front 257: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 244: 243: 240: 239: 237: 233: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 213: 211: 207: 203: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 179: 176: 175: 173: 169: 166: 163: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 130: 121: 117: 114: 110: 98: 94: 83: 78: 73: 66: 59: 52: 45: 34: 29: 26: 22: 5360: 5350: 5309:. Retrieved 5305: 5290:. Retrieved 5276:17 September 5274:. Retrieved 5267:the original 5262: 5244:. Retrieved 5236: 5221:. Retrieved 5202:. Retrieved 5197: 5181:. Retrieved 5165:. Retrieved 5158: 5142:. Retrieved 5126:. Retrieved 5093: 5089: 5063:. Retrieved 5041: 5026:. Retrieved 5012: 4997:. Retrieved 4978: 4963:. Retrieved 4949: 4935: 4921: 4906:. Retrieved 4892: 4877:. Retrieved 4873:the original 4865: 4849:. Retrieved 4841: 4825:. Retrieved 4813: 4798:. Retrieved 4786:The Register 4784: 4769:. Retrieved 4755: 4725: 4705: 4682: 4664: 4645: 4626: 4607: 4588: 4569: 4552: 4531: 4508: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4406: 4394: 4384: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4345: 4340: 4328: 4323:, p. 5. 4299: 4287: 4277: 4272: 4260: 4248: 4223: 4218: 4206: 4201:, p. 9. 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4011: 3999: 3987: 3975: 3963: 3951: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3879: 3867: 3855: 3848:Bellair 1987 3843: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3627:Bellair 1987 3622: 3610: 3603:Bellair 1987 3598: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3525: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3430:, p. 4. 3400: 3388: 3376: 3366: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3282:Jaensch 2007 3277: 3252: 3247: 3235: 3223: 3180: 3173:AustLit 2020 3168: 3161:26 July 1952 3158: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3090: 3078: 3069:The Register 3068: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 2984: 2979: 2967: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2849:, p. 9. 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2731: 2689: 2677: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2578: 2566: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2484: 2433:, p. 5. 2418:, p. 4. 2411: 2342: 2333: 2316: 2282: 2247: 2210: 2198: 2166:Pacific Star 2158: 2154: 2130: 2107: 2100:General Sir 2069: 2048: 2031: 2011: 1949: 1931:dengue fever 1924: 1908: 1900: 1885:Bicycle Camp 1879: 1866: 1858: 1850: 1829: 1824:fifth-column 1813: 1768: 1745: 1736: 1729: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1691:Sunda Strait 1686: 1685: 1683:had fallen. 1676: 1667: 1637: 1611: 1605: 1600: 1592: 1534: 1514: 1509:Luger pistol 1474: 1453: 1418: 1402: 1389:Jordan River 1378: 1345:Vichy French 1343:against the 1338: 1317:7th Division 1307: 1282: 1279:World War II 1259: 1254:World War II 1243: 1223: 1199: 1180: 1165: 1136: 1127: 1102:1914–15 Star 1070: 1057: 1038: 1031: 1024: 994: 974: 970: 963:A No.5 Mk I 930:hand grenade 903: 894:neurasthenia 877:commissioned 865: 856:Charles Bean 849: 839: 832: 812: 786: 757:Outer Harbor 751: 742:1st Division 723: 681:half-brother 630:entomologist 608: 587: 563:Vichy French 561:against the 547:World War II 524: 493: 481:commissioned 406: 402: 285:World War II 235:Battles/wars 124:(1960-11-24) 25: 5397:1960 deaths 5392:1892 births 5351:Member for 5292:25 December 5223:25 December 5204:25 December 5183:27 December 5167:25 December 5128:13 December 5065:28 December 5028:28 December 5014:The Journal 4932:"No. 37585" 4918:"No. 29740" 4908:29 December 4851:23 December 4827:28 December 4800:27 December 4509:East Indies 4226:28 May 1946 3253:The Journal 3122:SA BDM 2018 2270:pallbearers 2076:Gobi Desert 1801:light tanks 1648:Springfield 1353:Free French 1313:Middle East 1054:Southampton 914:Bill McCann 910:Armentières 738:3rd Brigade 715:World War I 697:World War I 571:Middle East 471:. His unit 394:(1947–1955) 387:(1933–1947) 377:(1918–1921) 373:Member for 242:World War I 224:(1940–1942) 218:(1939–1940) 204:(1914–1916) 5386:Categories 4965:11 January 4495:References 3675:James 2017 3651:James 2017 3639:Brune 2004 3528:6 May 1935 2583:Bean 1942a 2571:Bean 1942a 2297:Roy Inwood 2184:Later life 2137:Roy Inwood 1918:; 13 1854:divisional 1840:Leuwiliang 1816:Buitenzorg 1664:paratroops 1634:small arms 1604:. 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