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202:
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45:
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This geological region is important in the history of
Wallonia because this former mountain is at the origin of the economy, the history, and the geography of Wallonia. "Wallonia presents a wide range of rocks of various ages. Some geological stages internationally recognized were defined from rock
889:
The strategic position of the
Ardennes has made it a battleground for European powers for many centuries. Much of the Ardennes formed part of the Duchy (since 1815, the Grand Duchy) of Luxembourg, a member state of the Holy Roman Empire, which changed hands numerous times between the powerful
1036:, and because the French did not suspect that the Germans would make such a risky move, they did not consider a breakthrough there, or considered that it would take at least 15 days for an army to pass through the forest. German forces, primarily under the command of
555:. The low interior of such former mountains often contains coal, plus iron, zinc and other metals in the sub-soil. This geologic fact explains the greatest part of the geography of Wallonia and its history. In the North and West of the Ardennes lie the valleys of the
1008:
believed that the region was impenetrable to massed vehicular traffic and especially armor, so the area was effectively "all but undefended" during the war. The German Army twice used this region to invade northern France and southern
Belgium, via Luxembourg in the
701:
region) and in the French
Ardennes used charcoal for fuel, made from harvesting the Ardennes forest. This industry was also in the extreme south of present-day Luxembourg Province (which until 1839 was part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), in the region called
1227:
In the postwar period, the
Ardennes has become a weekend retreat that is popular among both Belgians and the neighboring countries. The tourist industry is extensive and varied in range of activities and type of accommodations.
997:(1914) was the second of the Battles of the Frontiers, After the advancing German left wing defeated French forces in Lorraine, France launched another attack just north of Lorraine, advancing temporarily into the Ardennes.
902:, which resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium, the political future of the Ardennes became a matter of much dispute between Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, as well as involving the contemporary
929:
In the 20th century the
Ardennes was widely thought by leading military strategists to be unsuitable for large-scale military operations, due to its difficult terrain and narrow lines of communications. However, in both
938:, Germany successfully gambled on making a rapid passage through the Ardennes to attack a relatively lightly defended part of France. The Ardennes became the site of three major battles during the world wars—the
390:
Much of the
Ardennes is covered in dense forests, with the hills averaging around 350–400 m (1,150–1,310 ft) in height but rising to over 694 m (2,277 ft) in the boggy moors of the
327:(away from the coastal plain but encompassing more than half of the country's total area). The eastern part of the Ardennes forms the northernmost third of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, also called "
224:
203:
1328:"Garcia-Castellanos, D., S.A.P.L. Cloetingh & R.T. van Balen, 2000. Modeling the middle Pleistocene uplift in the Ardennes-Rhenish Massif: Thermo-mechanical weakening under the Eifel?"
410:
in France, both exceeding 50,000 inhabitants. The
Ardennes is otherwise relatively sparsely populated, with few of the towns exceeding 10,000 inhabitants. (Exceptions include Belgium's
370:
Morphologically connected mountains of
Ardennes and Eifel, framed by the rivers Semois, Meuse, Moselle and Rhine. The highest elevation is the Hohe Acht at 746.9 m above sea level. NHN
1357:
1242:
1534:
1739:
741:. The scenic beauty of the region and its wide variety of outdoor activities, including hunting, cycling, walking and canoeing, make it a popular tourist destination.
1708:
733:; arable and dairy farming in cleared areas form the mainstay of the agricultural economy. The region is rich in timber and minerals, and Liège and the city of
358:. The strategic position of the Ardennes has made it a battleground for European powers for centuries; it was the site of major battles during both World Wars.
1327:
1495:
726:). Wallonia became the second industrial power area of the world (after Great Britain) in proportion to its territory and to its population (see further).
918:. As a result, in 1839, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ceded the westernmost 63% of its territory (being also the main part of the Ardennes) to the new
1519:
890:
dynasties of Europe. In 1793 revolutionary France annexed the whole area, together with all other territories west of the Rhine river. In 1815, the
871:
706:. The most important part of the Walloon steel industry, using coal, was built around the coal mines, mainly in the region around the cities of
1869:
1606:
1192:
valley but they were eventually thwarted after fierce battles. Their most advanced position was the "nose" of the salient, just in front of
1310:
1158:. The German Army, which had been forced to retreat for some time, launched a surprise attack in December 1944 in an attempt to recapture
429:
adjoins the
Ardennes and is part of the same geological formation, although they are conventionally regarded as being two distinct areas.
1889:
1844:
1701:
1361:
915:
1919:
1859:
1144:
1108:
and the Ardennes. The Ardennes is just at the east of the red shading which marks the extent of the German advance. On 16 May General
973:(1914) involved a series of collisions between the French and the German armies. The French forces carried out a counteroffensive ("
898:, restored the previous geographical situation, with most of the Ardennes becoming part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. After the
1849:
1488:
1261:
1854:
1894:
1864:
1694:
351:
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industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the
1884:
354:
of the world. The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in
1899:
1879:
1481:
1615:
298:
age of the Devonian (382.7 to 387.7 million years ago), as were several other named ranges of the same greater range.
1599:
1162:
and to drive a wedge between the advancing British and American forces in northern France. After a fierce battle the
987:
119:
827:. According to a legend, a magic horse jumped from the top of this rock to the left bank of the river, carrying the
398:. The region is typified by steep-sided valleys carved by swift-flowing rivers, the most prominent of which is the
867:, the magic bay horse which, according to legend, jumped from the top of the rock to the other bank of the Meuse.
1874:
1834:
950:(1944–1945) in World War II. Many of the towns of the region suffered severe damage during the two world wars.
1220:. Areas above 400 metres (1,300 ft) (shown in the darkest shade of brown) form the heart of the Ardennes.
1759:
1909:
1839:
1592:
697:
Before the 19th century industrialization, the first furnaces in these four Belgian provinces (all in the
602:
during the last few hundred thousand years, as measured from the present elevation of old river terraces.
1904:
1824:
1420:
Gilbert Trausch, Le Luxembourg à l'époque contemporaine, p 15 to 25, publ. Bourg-Bourger, Luxembourg 1981
800:("fair", "blessed"), which tentatively suggests an original meaning of "forest of blessed/fair heights".
1829:
878:
used the old Roman roads in the Ardennes and attacked the abbeys of Malmedy and Stavelot and destroyed
1044:
to attack France from the north, and rout the French forces. In May 1940 the German army crossed the
1819:
1467:
1132:
839:
The modern Ardennes region covers a greatly diminished area from the forest recorded in Roman times.
407:
20:
1676:
1139:, near the English Channel. This cut off the Allied troops of the North (some French divisions, the
970:
1914:
1291:
1053:
788:("high", "steep"). The second element is less certain, but may be related to the Celtic element
452:
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654:)". Except for the Tournaisian, all these rocks are within the Ardennes geological area.
472:
271:, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in
1216:
The salient was mainly in the Ardennes, its "nose" being just to the west of it, in the
737:
are both major industrial centres. The extensive forests have an abundant population of
482:
Lieu-dit (= hamlet) Galata, 589 m (1,932 ft), highest point on the Plateau de
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The Ardennes proper stretches well into Germany and France (lending its name to the
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At the other end of the war, the Ardennes area came to prominence again during the
1128:
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666:(not to be confused with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), the south of
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northwest of the Ardennes, in the week of 21 May (red shading), quickly reaching
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The rugged terrain and the harsh climate of the Ardennes limits the scope for
711:
678:, as well as the northernmost third of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, called "
1808:
1554:
1544:
1473:
1131:(1940) The Wehrmacht advances further, particularly accelerating through the
1105:
1091:
1057:
977:"), attacking the flank of the westwards-advancing German army executing its
907:
515:
134:
121:
1584:
1449:
Mountain Environments: An Examination of the Physical Geography of Mountains
1147:). With this, the German armies won the first stage of the Battle of France.
1122:
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339:). On the southeast the Eifel region continues into the German state of the
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855:, mentions many of Wallonia's rivers, villages and other places. In
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1188:. In 1944, the Germans counterattacked across the Ardennes and the
1056:, the German armoured divisions crossed the river at Dinant and at
1024:
in 1939 and 1940 selected the forest as the primary route of their
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and the Meuse river. They had wanted to move northeast and reach
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The region takes its name from the vast ancient forest known as
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445:, Belgium - highest point in the Ardennes, highest point in the
19:
This article is about the region in Europe. For other uses, see
1779:
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forces blocked the German advance on the river Meuse at Dinant.
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504 m (1,654 ft), on the border of the provinces of
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The Ardennes likely shares this derivation with the numerous
782:
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703:
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560:
492:, 560 m (1,840 ft), highest point in the nation of
422:
411:
399:
291:
103:
26:"Forest of Ardennes" redirects here. Not to be confused with
16:
Low mountain range in Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany and France
1626:
1358:"Geological Heritage | Geology and Tourism in Belgium"
1434:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 100–197.
1060:. This was a crucial step in the push towards Paris, and
502:, 559 m (1,834 ft), Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
1716:
290:
Geologically, the range is a western extension of the
662:
The Ardennes includes the greatest part of Belgium's
1394:] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Progress.
469:
674 m (2,211 ft), Liège Province, Belgium
894:, which dealt with the political aftermath of the
346:The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the
1806:
823:Rock Bayard of Dinant, on the right bank of the
567:) going across the most industrial provinces of
154:11,200 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi)
1313:for the geological period is an outcropping in
1503:
319:, Germany); most of it is in the southeast of
1702:
1614:
1600:
1489:
1032:. The forest's great size could conceal the
173:
167:
1374:
49:Landscape of Frahan inside the bend of the
1709:
1695:
1607:
1593:
1496:
1482:
1288:, an unconnected region in East Flanders
872:pillaging raids in the years 881 and 882
818:
381:
373:
365:
1429:
543:; in France similar formations are the
432:
1807:
1388:Этимологический словарь русского языка
942:(August 1914) in World War I, and the
807:place names in Britain, including the
323:, the southern and more rural part of
1870:Landforms of Nord (French department)
1690:
1588:
1477:
378:Arduenna silva between Maas und Rhein
258:
245:
216:
195:
1398:
1392:Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
535:The Ardennes are the remnants of a
508:, 547 m (1,795 ft), near
169:Parc National de Champagne/Ardennes
13:
1890:Mountain ranges of Hauts-de-France
1845:Landforms of Ardennes (department)
690:) and the main part of the French
14:
1931:
1920:International mountains of Europe
1860:Landforms of Luxembourg (Belgium)
1455:
1360:. 15 October 2014. Archived from
1116:because he had lost the Ardennes.
606:sites located in Wallonia: e.g.,
1793:
1675:
1573:
1461:
1260:
1241:
1209:
1178:
1121:
1112:said he could no longer protect
1076:
1048:, despite the resistance of the
986:
962:
579:(the etymology of Hainaut); the
43:
1850:Landforms of Hainaut (province)
1096:. Armoured divisions cross the
402:. Its most populous cities are
1423:
1414:
1368:
1350:
1320:
1303:
842:A song about Charlemagne, the
486:, Luxembourg Province, Belgium
352:second great industrial region
294:; both were raised during the
1:
1895:Mountain ranges of Luxembourg
1865:Landforms of Namur (province)
1344:10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00058-3
1297:
598:The region was uplifted by a
1885:Mountain ranges of Grand Est
1020:The military strategists of
744:
674:, plus a very small part of
455:692 m (2,270 ft),
441:694 m (2,277 ft),
361:
7:
1855:Landforms of Liège Province
1332:Global and Planetary Change
1279:
1145:British Expeditionary Force
1086:(1940) The Germans execute
1062:France fell on 25 June 1940
512:, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
496:(Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)
10:
1936:
1900:Natural regions of Belgium
1880:Mountain ranges of Belgium
1535:Pays Hennuyer et Brabançon
1441:
1231:
1100:(16 May), (principally in
814:
657:
530:
25:
18:
1791:
1725:
1673:
1622:
1616:Mountain ranges of France
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1252:(Giant's Tomb) along the
1248:Panorama of Botassart or
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150:
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62:
57:
42:
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21:Ardennes (disambiguation)
971:Battles of the Frontiers
761:probably derives from a
591:along the river Sambre;
563:rivers, forming an arc (
394:region of south-eastern
175:Parc National de Furfooz
1386:; Larin, B. O. (eds.).
1292:Jambon sec des Ardennes
1052:. Under the command of
595:along the river Meuse.
386:The Ardennes in Belgium
1430:Frieser, Karl (2005).
1271:in the French Ardennes
1054:General Heinz Guderian
995:Battle of the Ardennes
940:Battle of the Ardennes
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1875:Landforms of Wallonia
1835:Forests of Luxembourg
1432:The Blitzkrieg Legend
822:
718:, and further in the
385:
377:
369:
263:), also known as the
1717:Subdivisions of the
1470:at Wikimedia Commons
433:High ranging summits
408:Charleville-Mézières
341:Rhineland-Palatinate
218:[ɑrˈdɛnə(n)]
1910:Regions of Wallonia
1840:History of Wallonia
1364:on 15 October 2014.
1311:defining stratotype
1250:Le Tombeau du Géant
1186:Battle of the Bulge
1156:Battle of the Bulge
1015:Battle of the Bulge
1004:Allied generals in
948:Battle of the Bulge
924:Luxembourg Province
922:, which is now its
863:takes its name for
692:Ardennes department
664:Luxembourg Province
477:Luxembourg Province
473:Baraque de Fraiture
164:Governing body
131: /
1905:Old-growth forests
1825:Forests of Belgium
1088:Erich Von Manstein
1038:Erich von Manstein
1030:Invasion of France
920:Kingdom of Belgium
900:revolution of 1830
892:Congress of Vienna
837:
829:Four Sons of Aymon
612:Frasnes-lez-Couvin
575:, along the river
539:formed during the
439:Signal de Botrange
388:
380:
372:
269:Forest of Ardennes
260:[ɑʁˈdænən]
1830:Forests of France
1802:
1801:
1684:
1683:
1582:
1581:
1466:Media related to
1451:, MIT Press, 1990
1384:Trubachyov, O. N.
1034:armored divisions
1026:mechanized forces
852:Quatre Fils Aymon
781:("high") and the
565:Sillon industriel
541:Hercynian orogeny
310:Champagne-Ardenne
279:, extending into
181:
180:
1927:
1820:Areas of Belgium
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1632:Armorican Massif
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1129:Battle of France
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1084:Battle of France
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1011:Battle of France
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848:chanson de geste
792:as in the Welsh
676:Hainaut Province
573:Hainaut Province
545:Armorican Massif
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247:[ɑːʀdɛn]
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522:, Belgium, and
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1177:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1013:and the later
992:
985:
984:
968:
961:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
952:
816:
813:
751:Arduenna Silva
746:
743:
672:Liège Province
668:Namur Province
659:
656:
593:Liège Province
571:, for example
549:Massif Central
537:mountain range
532:
529:
528:
527:
513:
506:Napoléonsgaard
503:
497:
487:
480:
470:
467:Baraque Michel
464:
461:Liège Province
450:
443:Liège Province
434:
431:
363:
360:
179:
178:
165:
161:
160:
159:Administration
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
115:
111:
110:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1932:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1796:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Süder Uplands
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1678:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1576:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Fagne-Famenne
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Pays de Herve
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:Sedan, France
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
996:
989:
980:
976:
972:
965:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:Great Britain
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:
849:
846:12th-century
845:
840:
834:
830:
826:
821:
812:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:, Charleroi,
709:
705:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
603:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
525:
521:
517:
516:Croix Scaille
514:
511:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
491:
488:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
440:
437:
436:
430:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
384:
376:
368:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
299:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
253:
252:Luxembourgish
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
225:
219:
215:
211:
204:
198:
194:
190:
186:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:50.250; 5.667
116:
112:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
81:
77:
72:
68:
65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
1765:Middle Rhine
1729:
1636:
1559:
1448:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1411:, ad a. 882.
1408:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1370:
1362:the original
1352:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1305:
1267:View of the
1249:
1226:
1153:
1141:Belgian Army
1133:Gembloux gap
1092:
1090:'s plan for
1042:Maginot Line
1022:Nazi Germany
1019:
1006:World War II
1003:
936:World War II
928:
904:great powers
888:
869:
860:
850:
841:
838:
804:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
770:
758:
755:Roman Period
750:
748:
728:
696:
661:
604:
600:mantle plume
597:
584:
534:
484:Saint-Hubert
453:Weißer Stein
420:
389:
345:
317:Bitburg-Prüm
300:
289:
268:
264:
184:
182:
32:
1760:Lahn Valley
1376:Vasmer, Max
1050:French Army
932:World War I
833:Charlemagne
731:agriculture
712:La Louvière
624:Tournaisian
500:Buurgplaatz
138: /
114:Coordinates
1809:Categories
1785:Westerwald
1755:Kellerwald
1298:References
880:Prüm Abbey
844:Old French
773:as in the
551:, and the
494:Luxembourg
356:metallurgy
306:department
277:Luxembourg
88:department
80:Luxembourg
1745:High Fens
1338:: 39–52.
1202:North Sea
1137:Abbeville
1093:Fall Gelb
975:Plan XVII
870:On their
767:Brythonic
745:Etymology
739:wild game
640:Dinantian
616:Famennian
589:Charleroi
524:Champagne
510:Rambrouch
479:, Belgium
463:, Belgium
457:Mürringen
449:countries
425:range in
392:High Fens
362:Geography
92:Grand Est
58:Geography
1815:Ardennes
1750:Hunsrück
1730:Ardennes
1662:Pyrenees
1637:Ardennes
1560:Ardennes
1525:Flanders
1468:Ardennes
1280:See also
1200:and the
1143:and the
831:fleeing
759:Arduenna
716:Borinage
699:Wallonia
648:Namurian
608:Frasnian
581:Borinage
569:Wallonia
526:, France
416:Bastogne
404:Verviers
348:charcoal
321:Wallonia
303:Ardennes
296:Givetian
256:Ardennen
235:Ardennen
214:Ardennen
185:Ardennes
85:Ardennes
67:Wallonia
63:Location
38:Ardennes
1642:Corsica
1550:Condroz
1540:Hesbaye
1530:Campine
1520:Polders
1509:Belgium
1442:Sources
1409:Chronik
1232:Gallery
1218:Condroz
1198:Antwerp
1160:Antwerp
1028:in the
912:Prussia
882:in the
876:Vikings
815:History
790:*windo-
763:Gaulish
753:in the
688:Oesling
658:Economy
646:), and
628:Tournai
620:Famenne
531:Geology
447:Benelux
427:Germany
396:Belgium
337:Oesling
325:Belgium
281:Germany
273:Belgium
239:Walloon
193:Ardenne
123:50°15′N
108:Germany
71:Belgium
1780:Taunus
1667:Vosges
1657:Morvan
1380:"рост"
1254:Semois
1194:Dinant
1164:Allied
1104:) and
1102:Dinant
914:, and
908:France
874:, the
865:Bayard
861:Bayard
857:Dinant
786:arduus
724:Tubize
714:, the
684:German
680:Éislek
670:, and
644:Dinant
632:Visean
585:Centre
583:, the
557:Sambre
553:Vosges
547:, the
490:Kneiff
333:German
329:Éislek
313:region
285:France
243:Årdene
231:German
189:French
126:5°40′E
99:France
95:region
76:Éislek
51:Semois
1735:Eifel
1390:[
1382:. In
1315:Givet
1269:Meuse
1190:Meuse
1114:Paris
1106:Sedan
1098:Meuse
1046:Meuse
884:Eifel
825:Meuse
805:Arden
783:Latin
775:Welsh
771:ardu-
769:word
735:Namur
708:Liège
704:Gaume
652:Namur
577:Haine
561:Meuse
520:Namur
423:Eifel
412:Eupen
400:Meuse
292:Eifel
210:Dutch
104:Eifel
1627:Alps
1309:The
1172:1944
1070:1940
993:The
969:The
956:1914
934:and
779:ardd
722:(in
636:Visé
587:and
559:and
421:The
414:and
283:and
275:and
183:The
151:Area
90:and
1507:of
1340:doi
906:of
798:wen
794:wyn
682:" (
638:),
630:),
622:),
614:),
418:.)
331:" (
267:or
1811::
1407:,
1336:27
1334:.
1330:.
1064:.
1017:.
926:.
910:,
886:.
811:.
777::
757:.
694:.
686::
459:,
343:.
335::
287:.
254::
250:;
241::
237:;
233::
229:;
212::
208:;
191::
106:,
97:,
78:,
69:,
1710:e
1703:t
1696:v
1608:e
1601:t
1594:v
1497:e
1490:t
1483:v
1346:.
1342::
1204:.
981:.
835:.
796:/
650:(
642:(
634:(
626:(
618:(
610:(
187:(
101:;
82:;
73:;
30:.
23:.
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